1940 Act File No. 811-08495
AS FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON AUGUST 8, 2022
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
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| THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
| Amendment No. 290 |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
One
Nationwide Plaza
Mail Code 05-02-210
Columbus, Ohio 43215
(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)
Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code: (614) 435-5787
Send Copies of Communications to:
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PRUFESH R. MODHERA, ESQ. |
| ALLAN J. OSTER, ESQ. |
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STRADLEY RONON STEVENS & YOUNG, LLP |
| 10 WEST NATIONWIDE BOULEVARD |
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2000 K STREET, N.W., SUITE 700 |
| COLUMBUS, OH 43215 |
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WASHINGTON, DC 20006 |
| (Name and Address of Agent for Service) |
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Registration Statement is filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 8(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. However, shares of
beneficial interest of the Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio (the Fund) are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), because shares of the Fund will be issued solely in private
placement transactions that do not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Only organizations or entities that are accredited investors within the meaning of Regulation D under
the 1933 Act may make investments in the Fund. This Registration Statement is not an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any shares of the Fund.
This Registration Statement relates only to the Fund and does not affect or incorporate by reference the currently effective Part A and Part B for the
Registrants other series.
Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity
Portfolio
Prospectus August 8,
2022
The Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio (the “Fund”) is a series of Nationwide Mutual Funds (the “Trust”), which is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Shares of the Fund are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), because shares of the Fund will be issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Only organizations or entities that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act may make investments in the Fund. This Registration Statement is not an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any shares of the Fund.
Responses to Form N-1A, Part A, Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13 have been omitted pursuant to General Instruction B.2(b) of Form
N-1A.
Item 5.
Management.
Nationwide Fund Advisors (“NFA” or the “Adviser”) is the Fund’s
investment adviser. Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (“Jacobs Levy”) serves as the Fund’s subadviser.
The following individuals serve as portfolio managers to the Fund:
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Length of Service with Fund |
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Principal, Co-Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio
Manager and Co-Director of Research |
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Principal, Co-Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio
Manager and Co-Director of Research |
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Item 6. Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares.
The Fund currently offers one class of shares (Class R6 shares). There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount
for the Fund. Shares of the Fund are currently only available to other investment companies advised by NFA in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public
offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. An investor may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the Fund is open for business at the net
asset value (“NAV”) per share next determined after a purchase or redemption request in good order is received by the Fund.
Item 7. Tax Information.
The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, capital gains, or some combination of both.
Item 8. Financial Intermediary Compensation.
Disclosure item not applicable.
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Item 9.
Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Related Risks, and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings.
Objectives
The Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio seeks long-term growth of capital.
This investment objective is non-fundamental, which means that it may be changed without shareholder approval by the Nationwide Mutual Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board of Trustees”) upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund takes long and short positions in large-capitalization companies (i.e., companies with market
capitalizations that are similar to those included in the Standard & Poor's 500 Composite Stock Price Index (“S&P 500 Index”)) using the subadviser's dynamic multidimensional investment process that combines human insight and intuition, finance and behavioral theory, and quantitative and statistical techniques. Approximately 30% of the Fund's net assets will be in short positions (i.e., stocks that the subadviser deems unattractive), and approximately 130% of the Fund's net assets will be in long positions (i.e., stocks that the subadviser deems attractive), resulting in approximately 100% net equity exposure. To execute this strategy, the Fund currently intends to gain its short equity exposure entirely through the use of total return swap contracts and its long equity exposure by investing directly in stocks and, in an amount approximating the amount of the Fund’s short exposure at the time, through the use of total return swaps. This investment technique creates leverage, which will exaggerate increases or decreases in the value of the Fund's overall portfolio.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in stocks of U.S. companies or derivatives, including swaps, the value of which are linked to stocks of U.S. companies. For these purposes, a U.S. company is one whose stock is listed on a U.S. exchange or automated quotation system.
In selecting stocks for either the Fund's long portfolio or short portfolio, the subadviser employs an evaluation process that focuses on modeling a large number of stocks and proprietary factors, using financial statements, security analyst forecasts, corporate management signals, economic releases, and security prices. The Adviser seeks diversification across market inefficiencies, securities, industries, and sectors, while seeking to manage risk exposures relative to the S&P 500 Index. The range of models is designed to allow each portfolio to be diversified across exposures to numerous potential opportunities. Nevertheless, the Fund may invest in any economic sector and, at times, emphasize one or more particular industries or sectors. The subadviser generally considers closing a position (either by selling a stock held long or closing a swap position) when its return prediction generated by the models, adjusted for risk and expected transaction costs, is notably surpassed on the positive side for a long position (or on the negative side for a short position) by another stock's return prediction. Partial position closures may occur when the subadviser determines that these transactions could benefit portfolio performance or when, as a result of market action, a position has grown to a size that impinges on portfolio risk or liquidity limitations. Sales or closeouts of the Fund’s positions may also occur under special circumstances; for example, if a company agrees to be acquired, and becomes subject to merger arbitrage trading, its stock may be sold or closed out. Sales or closeouts can be triggered when necessary valuation data are no longer available; for example, if all security analysts drop coverage of a stock, a position may be closed.
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the same risks that apply to all mutual funds that invest in equity securities.
The Fund cannot guarantee that it will achieve its investment objective.
As with any mutual fund, the value of the Fund’s investments—and therefore, the value of Fund shares—may fluctuate. Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund.
Derivatives risk – a derivative is a contract, security or
investment, the value of which is based on the performance of an underlying financial asset, index or other measure. For example, the value of a swap changes based on the
value of the underlying index, commodity or security. Derivatives often involve leverage, which means that their use can significantly
magnify the effect of price movements of
the underlying assets or reference measures, disproportionately increasing the Fund's losses and reducing the Fund's opportunities for gains when the financial asset or
measure to which the derivative is linked changes in unexpected ways. Some risks of investing in derivatives include:
•the other
party to the derivatives contract may fail to fulfill its obligations;
•their use may reduce liquidity and make the Fund harder to value, especially in declining markets and
•when used for hedging purposes, changes in the value of derivatives may not match or fully offset changes in the value of the hedged portfolio securities, thereby failing to achieve the original purpose for using the derivatives.
Total return swaps – the use of total return swaps allows the party receiving the total returns to gain exposure to
customized baskets of stocks without actually having to own them. Total return swaps will create leverage and the Fund may experience substantial gains or losses in value as a result of relatively small changes in the value of the underlying stocks. In addition, total return swaps are subject to credit and counterparty risk. If the counterparty fails to meet its obligations the Fund could sustain significant losses. The counterparty to the total return swaps may decide to no longer participate as a counterparty to the swaps. If this happens, the Fund may be unable to identify another counterparty to enter into the swaps on terms as favorable to the Fund. A total return swap may be more costly than directly owning the underlying stocks on which the swap is based.
NFA, although
registered as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), has claimed exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool
operator” under the CEA , with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA in its
management of the Fund.
On October 28, 2020, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies (“Rule 18f-4”). The Fund will be required to implement and comply with Rule18f-4 by August 19, 2022. Once implemented, Rule 18f-4 will impose limits on the amount of derivatives the Fund can enter into, eliminate the asset segregation framework currently used by Funds to comply with Section 18 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and require Funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure amount to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager, among other things.
See
also “Leverage risk” on page 2.
Equity securities risk – the Fund could lose value if the
individual equity securities in which the Fund has invested and/or the overall stock markets on which the stocks trade decline in price. Stocks and stock markets may
experience short-term volatility (price fluctuation) as well as extended periods of price decline or little growth. Individual stocks are affected by many factors, including:
•corporate
earnings;
•production;
•management
and
•sales and market trends, including investor demand for a particular type of stock, such as growth or value stocks, small- or large-cap stocks, or stocks within a particular industry.
Leverage risk – leverage may be created when an investment
exposes the Fund to a risk of loss that exceeds the amount invested. Certain derivatives provide the potential for investment gain or loss that may be several times
greater than the change in the value of an underlying security, asset, interest rate, index or currency, resulting in the potential for a loss that may be substantially greater than the amount invested. Some leveraged investments have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Because leverage can magnify the effects of changes in the value of the Fund and make the Fund’s share price more volatile, a shareholder’s investment in the Fund may be more volatile, resulting in larger gains or losses in response to the fluctuating prices of the Fund’s investments. Further, the use of leverage may require the Fund to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated asset accounts, or make margin payments, which might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.
Long/short strategy risk – in situations where the Fund takes a long position (i.e., owns a stock outright or gains long
exposure through a swap), the Fund will lose money if the price of the stock declines. In situations where the Fund takes short positions, the Fund will lose money if the price of the stock increases. It is possible that stocks where the Fund has taken a
long position (purchases) will decline
in value at the same time that stocks where the Fund has taken a short position increase in value, thereby increasing potential losses to the Fund.
Market risk – market risk is the risk that one or more markets in which the Fund invests will go down in value, including the possibility that the markets will go down sharply and unpredictably. In particular, market risk, including political, regulatory, market, economic and social developments, and developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, can affect the value of the Fund's investments. In addition, turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in the markets may negatively affect many issuers, which could adversely affect the Fund. These risks may be magnified if certain social, political, economic and other conditions and events (such as natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, conflicts and social unrest) adversely interrupt the global economy. In addition, any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the economies of the affected country and other countries with which it does business, which in turn could adversely affect the Fund's investments in that country and other affected countries. In these and other circumstances, such events or developments might affect companies world-wide and therefore can affect the value of the Fund's investments.
Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, various countries, including the United States, as
well as NATO and the European Union, issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia and Belarus. The resulting responses to the military actions (and potential further sanctions in response to continued military activity), the potential for military escalation and other corresponding events, have had, and could continue to have, severe negative effects on regional and global economic and financial markets, including increased volatility, reduced liquidity and overall uncertainty. The negative impacts may be particularly acute in certain sectors including, but not limited to, energy and financials. Russia may take additional counter measures or retaliatory actions (including cyberattacks), which could exacerbate negative consequences on global financial markets. The duration of ongoing hostilities and corresponding sanctions and related events cannot be predicted. The foregoing may result in a negative impact on Fund performance and the value of an investment in the Fund, even beyond any direct investment exposure the Fund may have to Russian issuers or the adjoining geographic regions.
The
“COVID-19” strain of coronavirus has resulted in instances of market closures and dislocations, extreme volatility, liquidity constraints and increased
trading costs. Efforts to contain its spread have resulted in travel restrictions, disruptions of healthcare systems, business operations (including business closures)
and supply chains, layoffs, lower consumer demand and employee availability, and defaults and credit downgrades, among other significant economic impacts that have
disrupted global economic activity across many industries. Such economic impacts may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks locally or globally and cause general concern and uncertainty. The full economic impact and ongoing effects of COVID-19 (or other future epidemics or pandemics) at the macro-level and on individual businesses are unpredictable and may result in significant and prolonged effects on the Fund’s performance.
Model and data risk – the Fund’s
subadviser relies heavily on quantitative models and information and data supplied or made available by third parties (“Models and Data”). Models and
Data are used to construct sets of transactions and investments and, to provide risk management insights.
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon expose the Fund
to potential risks. For example, by relying on Models and Data, the subadviser may be induced to buy certain investments at prices that are too high, to sell certain other investments at prices that are too low, or to miss favorable opportunities altogether. The Fund bears the risk that the quantitative models used by the subadviser will not be successful in selecting companies for investment or in determining the weighting of investment positions that will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
Some of the
models used by the subadviser for the Fund are predictive in nature. The use of predictive models has inherent risks. For example, such models may incorrectly
forecast future behavior, leading to potential losses on a cash flow and/or a mark-to-market basis. In addition, in unforeseen or certain low-probability scenarios (often
involving a market disruption of some kind), such models may produce unexpected results, which can result in losses for the Fund. Furthermore, because predictive models are usually constructed based on historical data supplied by third parties, the success of relying on such models may depend heavily on the accuracy and reliability of the supplied historical data.
All models rely on
correct data inputs. If incorrect data is entered into even a well-founded model, the resulting information will be incorrect. However, even if data is inputted
correctly, “model prices” will often differ substantially from market prices, especially for instruments with complex characteristics, such as derivative
instruments. Model prices can differ from market prices as model prices are typically based on assumptions and estimates derived from recent market data that may not
remain realistic or relevant in the future. To address these issues, the subadviser may evaluate model prices and outputs versus a variety of criteria, and as a result, such models may be modified from time to time.
The Fund is unlikely to be successful unless the assumptions underlying the models are realistic and either remain realistic and relevant in the future or are adjusted to account for changes in the overall market environment. If such assumptions are inaccurate or become inaccurate and are not promptly adjusted, it is likely that profitable trading signals will not be generated. If and to the extent that the models do not reflect certain factors, and the subadviser does not successfully address such omissions through its testing and evaluation and modify the models accordingly, major losses may result. The subadviser, in its sole discretion, will continue to test, evaluate and add new models, which may result in the modification of existing models from time to time. Any modification of the models or strategies will not be subject to any requirement that shareholders receive notice of the change or that they consent to it. There can be no assurance that model modifications will enable the Fund to achieve its investment objective.
Quantitative analysis strategy risk – the success of the Fund's
investment strategy may depend in part on the effectiveness of the subadviser's quantitative tools for screening securities. Securities selected using quantitative
analysis can react differently to issuer, political, market, and economic developments than the market as a whole or securities selected using only fundamental analysis, which could adversely affect their value. The subadviser's quantitative tools may use factors that may not be predictive of a security's value and any changes over time in the factors that affect a security's value may not be reflected in the quantitative model. The subadviser's stock selection can be adversely affected if it relies on insufficient, erroneous or outdated data or flawed models or computer systems.
Redemptions risk – the Fund may be an investment option for
other mutual funds that are managed as “funds-of-funds.” A fund-of-funds is a type of mutual fund that seeks to meet its investment objective primarily by
investing in shares of other mutual funds. As a result, from time to time, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions or investments. Large or continuous redemptions may increase the Fund's transaction costs and could cause the Fund's operating expenses to be allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund's expense ratio. If funds-of-funds or other large shareholders redeem large amounts of shares rapidly or unexpectedly, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which could negatively impact the Fund's net asset value and liquidity.
Sector risk – investments in particular industries or sectors may be more volatile than the overall stock market. Consequently, if the Fund emphasizes one or more industries or economic sectors, it may be more susceptible to the financial, market, political or economic events affecting the particular issuers and industries participating in such sectors than funds that do not emphasize particular industries or sectors.
Selection risk – selection risk is the risk that the securities
or other instruments selected by the Fund's subadviser(s) will underperform the markets, the relevant indexes or the securities or other instruments selected
by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment
strategies.
Short position risk – the Fund will suffer a loss if it
holds a security short and the price of the security rises rather than falls. Short positions expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to cover
the short position at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund. The Fund’s investment performance also will
suffer if it is required to close out a short position earlier than it had intended. In addition, the Fund may be subject to expenses related to short positions that typically are not associated with investing in securities directly (for example, costs of borrowing and margin account maintenance costs associated with the Fund’s open short positions). These expenses may impact negatively the performance of the Fund. Short positions introduce more risk to the Fund than long positions because the maximum sustainable loss on a security purchased (held long) is limited to the amount paid for the security plus the transaction costs, whereas there is no maximum attainable price of the security held in a short position. Therefore, in theory, securities sold short (or short positions) present unlimited risk.
Loss of money is a risk of investing in the Fund. An investment
in a Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government
agency.
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Temporary investments – the Fund generally will be fully invested in accordance with its objective and strategies. However, pending investment of cash balances, in anticipation of possible redemptions, or if the Fund's management believes that business, economic, political or financial conditions warrant, the Fund may invest without limit in high-quality fixed-income securities, cash or money market cash equivalents. The use of temporary investments therefore is not a principal strategy, as it prevents the Fund from fully pursuing its investment objective, and the Fund may miss potential market upswings.
Selective Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is
available in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
Item 10. Management, Organization, and Capital Structure
Investment Adviser
Nationwide Fund Advisors (“NFA” or “Adviser”), located at One Nationwide Plaza,
Columbus, OH 43215, manages the investment of the Fund's assets and supervises the daily business affairs of the Fund. Subject to the oversight of the Board of
Trustees, NFA also selects the subadvisers for the Fund, determines the allocation of Fund assets among one or more subadvisers and evaluates and monitors the performance of the subadvisers. Organized in 1999 as an investment adviser, NFA is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc.
Subadvisers
Subject to the
oversight of NFA and the Board of Trustees, a subadviser will manage all or a portion of the Fund's assets in accordance with the Fund's investment objective
and strategies. With regard to the portion of the Fund's assets allocated to it, the subadviser makes investment decisions for the Fund and, in connection with such
investment decisions, places purchase and sell orders for securities. NFA pays the subadviser from the management fee it receives from the Fund.
JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC. (“JACOBS LEVY”), located at 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, NJ 07932, is the subadviser to the Fund. Jacobs Levy was
established in 1986 as a New Jersey corporation. Jacobs Levy is an independent investment advisory firm focusing exclusively on the management of equity portfolios in a
variety of strategies.
Management Fees
The Fund pays NFA a management fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets. The total management fee
that can be paid by the Fund, expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets and not taking into account any applicable fee waivers or reimbursements, is as follows:
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Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
0.93% on assets up to $200 million; 0.73% on assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million; and 0.68% on assets of $500 million and more. |
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the investment advisory and subadvisory agreements for the Fund will be available in the Fund’s first annual or semiannual report to shareholders after the Fund commences operations.
Portfolio
Management
The portfolio managers for the Fund are Bruce I. Jacobs, Ph.D. and Kenneth N. Levy, CFA.
Dr. Jacobs and Mr. Levy are jointly responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund.
Dr. Jacobs is a
Principal and Co-Founder of Jacobs Levy and has been with the firm since 1986. He is Co-Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio Manager, and Co-Director of Research of Jacobs
Levy.
Mr. Levy is a Principal and Co-Founder of Jacobs Levy and has been with the firm since 1986. He is Co-Chief Investment Officer, Portfolio Manager, and Co-Director of Research of Jacobs Levy.
Additional Information about the Portfolio Managers
The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by each portfolio manager and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the Fund managed by the portfolio manager, if any.
Manager-of-Managers Structure
The Adviser and the Trust have received two exemptive orders from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
for a manager-of-managers structure. The first order allows the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to hire, replace or terminate a subadviser (excluding hiring a subadviser which is an affiliate of the Adviser) without the approval of shareholders. The first order also allows the Adviser to revise a subadvisory agreement with an unaffiliated subadviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees but without shareholder approval. The second order allows the aforementioned approvals to be taken at a Board of Trustees meeting held via any means of communication that allows the Trustees to hear each other simultaneously during the meeting.
If a new unaffiliated subadviser is hired for the Fund, shareholders will receive information about the new
subadviser within 90 days of the change. The exemptive orders allow the Fund greater flexibility, enabling it to operate more efficiently.
Pursuant to the exemptive orders, the Adviser monitors and evaluates any subadvisers, which includes the
following:
•performing initial due diligence on prospective Fund subadvisers;
•monitoring subadviser performance, including ongoing analysis and periodic
consultations;
•communicating performance
expectations and evaluations to the subadvisers;
•making recommendations to the Board of Trustees regarding renewal, modification or termination of a subadviser’s contract;
•selecting Fund subadvisers and
•allocating and
reallocating the Fund’s assets among the subadvisers.
The Adviser does not expect to
recommend subadviser changes frequently. The Adviser periodically provides written reports to the Board of Trustees regarding its evaluation and monitoring of each
subadviser. Although the Adviser monitors each subadviser’s performance, there is no certainty that any subadviser or the Fund will obtain favorable results at
any given time.
Item 11. Shareholder Information.
Buying Shares
The Fund currently offers one class of shares (Class R6 shares). Class R6 shares are sold without a sales charge, and are not subject to Rule 12b-1 fees or administrative services fees.
Shares of the Fund are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), because the Fund’s shares will be issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Only organizations or entities, such as investment companies advised by NFA, that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act may make investments in the Fund. There is no minimum initial or subsequent purchase amount for the Fund.
The purchase or “offering” price for a single Fund share is the net asset value (“NAV”) per share next determined after the order is received by the Fund or its agents. The NAV is:
•calculated at the close of regular trading (usually 4 p.m.
Eastern time) each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) is open and
•generally determined by dividing the total net market value of the securities and other assets owned by the Fund, less the Fund’s liabilities, by the total number of the Fund’s outstanding shares.
The Fund may reject any order to buy shares and may suspend the sale of shares at any time.
Fair Value Pricing
The Board of Trustees has adopted Valuation Procedures governing the method by which individual portfolio
securities held by the Fund are valued in order to determine the Fund’s NAV. The Valuation Procedures provide that the Fund’s assets are valued primarily on the basis of market-based quotations. Equity securities are generally valued at the last quoted sale price, or if there is no sale price, the last quoted bid price provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees. Securities traded on NASDAQ are generally valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Prices are taken from the primary market or exchange in which each security trades. Debt and other fixed-income securities are generally valued at the bid evaluation price provided by an independent pricing service.
Securities for which market-based quotations are either unavailable (e.g., an independent pricing service does not provide a value) or are deemed unreliable, in the judgment of the Adviser, are generally valued at fair value by the Trustees or persons acting at their direction pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. In addition, fair value determinations are required for securities whose value is affected by a significant event (as defined below) that will materially affect the value of a security and which occurs subsequent to the time of the close of the principal market on which such security trades but prior to the calculation of the Fund's NAVs.
A “significant event” is defined by the Valuation Procedures as an event that materially affects the value of a security that occurs after the close of the principal market on which such security trades but before the calculation of the Fund’s NAV. Significant events that could affect individual portfolio securities may include corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs, corporate announcements on earnings, significant litigation, regulatory news such as government approvals and news relating to natural disasters affecting an issuer’s operations. Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include significant market fluctuations, market disruptions or market closings, governmental actions or other developments, or natural disasters or armed conflicts that affect a country or region.
By fair valuing a security, the Fund attempts to establish a price that it might reasonably expect to receive
upon the current sale of that security. The fair value of one or more of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio which is used to determine the Fund’s NAV could be different from the actual value at which those securities could be sold in the market. Thus, fair valuation may have an unintended dilutive or accretive effect on the value of shareholders’ investments in the Fund.
Due to the
time differences between the closings of the relevant foreign securities exchanges and the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated, the Fund may fair value its
foreign investments more frequently than it does other securities. When fair value prices are utilized, these prices will attempt to reflect the impact of the
financial markets’ perceptions and trading activities on the Fund’s foreign investments since the last closing prices of the foreign investments were
calculated on their primary foreign securities markets or exchanges. Pursuant to the Valuation Procedures, the Fund’s foreign equity investments generally will be fair valued daily by an independent pricing service using models designed to estimate likely changes in the values of those investments between the times in which the trading in those securities is substantially completed and the close of the Exchange. The fair values assigned to the Fund’s foreign equity investments may not be the quoted or published prices of the investments on their primary markets or exchanges. Because certain of the securities in which the Fund may invest may trade on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the Fund’s investments may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem their shares.
Derivatives are valued using the price provided by an independent pricing service, the last quoted sale price,
the average of the last quoted bid and ask prices, or using the fair value procedures discussed above, depending on the type of derivative and the availability of market quotations.
The Valuation Procedures are intended to help ensure that the prices at which the Fund’s shares are purchased and redeemed are fair, and do not result in dilution of shareholder interests or other harm to shareholders. In the event the Fund fair values its securities, the Fund’s NAV may be higher or lower than would have been the case if the Fund had not fair valued its securities.
In December 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Rule 2a-5”), which is intended to address valuation practices and the role of a fund's board with respect to the fair value of the investments of a registered investment company. Rule 2a-5, among other things, establishes an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices. The Fund will be required to comply with Rule 2a-5 on September 8, 2022.
In-Kind
Purchases
The Fund may accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible
investments for the Fund.
The Fund does not calculate NAV on the following days:
•New Year’s Day
•Martin Luther King Jr.
Day
•Presidents’
Day
•Good
Friday
•Memorial Day
•Juneteenth National
Independence Day
•Independence Day
•Labor Day
•Thanksgiving Day
•Christmas Day
•Other days when the Exchange is closed.
Selling Shares
The Fund's shares have not been registered under the 1933 Act or under the securities laws of any state, and may
not be transferred or resold unless so registered in transactions exempt therefrom. However, a shareholder may redeem its Fund shares at any time, subject to the restrictions described below. The price upon redeeming shares is the NAV per share next determined after the Fund or its agent receives a properly completed redemption request. The value of the shares redeemed may be worth more than or less than their original purchase price, depending on the market value of the Fund’s investments at the time of the redemption.
A shareholder may not be able to redeem shares, or the Fund may delay paying redemption proceeds
if:
•the New York Stock Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings);
•trading is restricted or
•an emergency exists (as
determined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission).
Generally, the Fund will pay the
proceeds from a redemption within two days after the redemption request is received. The Fund may delay forwarding proceeds of your redemption for up to seven days
if the amount of the redemption request would disrupt efficient portfolio management or adversely affect the Fund.
Under normal
circumstances, the Fund expects to satisfy redemption requests through the sale of investments held in cash or cash equivalents. However, the Fund may also use the
proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities or a bank line of credit to meet redemption requests if consistent with management of the Fund, or in stressed market
conditions. Under extraordinary circumstances, the Fund, in its sole discretion, may elect to honor redemption requests by transferring some of the securities held by the Fund directly to a shareholder as a redemption in-kind. For more information about the Fund’s ability to make a redemption in-kind as well as how redemptions in-kind are effected, see the SAI.
The Board of Trustees has adopted procedures for redemptions in-kind of affiliated persons of the Fund. Affiliated persons of the Fund include shareholders who are affiliates of the Adviser and shareholders of the Fund owning 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. These procedures provide that a redemption in-kind shall be effected at approximately the affiliated shareholder’s proportionate share of the Fund’s current net assets, and are designed so that such redemptions will not favor the affiliated shareholder to the detriment of any other shareholder. If a shareholder receives securities in a redemption in-kind, the shareholder may incur brokerage costs, taxes, or other expenses in converting the securities to cash.
Excessive or Short-Term Trading
While the Board has adopted procedures designed to detect and prevent frequent trading, investment companies
advised by the Adviser are not subject to restrictions on how often they may purchase and sell the Fund’s shares. Frequent purchases and redemptions of the Fund’s shares could increase the Fund’s expenses and may disrupt the management of the Fund’s portfolio, which could adversely impact the Fund’s performance. However, the Fund is intended to serve only as an investment option for other investment companies advised by the Adviser. In addition, the Fund is not available for purchase by the general public. The Adviser thus believes that the Fund is not the target of abusive trading practices.
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
The Fund intends to elect and qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue
Code. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to shareholders. The Fund expects to declare and distribute all of its net investment income, if any, as dividends quarterly. The Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution. All income and capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund.
Tax Considerations
Dividends and capital gain distributions paid by the Fund may subject a shareholder to federal income tax, state
taxes and possibly local taxes:
•distributions are taxable to a shareholder at either ordinary income
or capital gains tax rates;
•distributions of short-term capital gains are paid as ordinary income that is taxable at applicable ordinary income tax rates;
•distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable as long-term capital gains no matter how long a shareholder has owned the Fund’s shares;
•for individual shareholders, a portion of the income
dividends paid may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at long-term capital gains tax rates, provided that certain holding period requirements are
met;
•for corporate shareholders, a portion of the income dividends paid may be eligible for the corporate dividend-received deduction, subject to certain limitations; and
•distributions declared in December to shareholders of record
in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December.
The federal income tax treatment of the Fund’s distributions and any taxable redemptions of Fund shares occurring during the prior calendar year are reported to certain types of shareholders on Form 1099, which is sent to shareholders annually during tax season. The Fund may reclassify income after an investor’s tax reporting statement has been mailed. This can result from the rules in the Internal Revenue Code that effectively prevent mutual funds, such as the Fund, from ascertaining with certainty, until after the calendar year end, and in some cases the Fund’s fiscal year end, the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing the tax reporting statement, the Fund makes every effort to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, the Fund will send a corrected Form 1099 if the Fund finds it necessary to reclassify its distributions or adjust the cost basis of any shares redeemed after the tax statement has been delivered.
Distributions from the Fund (both taxable dividends and capital gains) normally are taxable to shareholders when made, regardless of whether a shareholder reinvests these distributions or receives them in cash.
At the time a shareholder purchases shares, the Fund’s NAV may reflect undistributed
income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in the value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable shareholders, a subsequent
distribution of such amounts, although constituting a return of investment, would be taxable. Buying shares in a fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as “buying a dividend.”
The use of derivatives by
the Fund may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of ordinary income or short-term capital gain, distributions from which are taxable to investors at ordinary
income tax rates rather than at the more favorable tax rates for long-term capital gain.
Redeeming shares may result in a capital gain or loss, which is subject to federal income tax. If a shareholder redeems Fund shares for a loss, the shareholder may be able to use this capital loss to offset any other capital gains the shareholder may have.
The Fund is required
to report to certain types of shareholders and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) annually on Form 1099-B not only the gross proceeds of Fund
shares a shareholder redeems but also their cost basis. Cost basis will be calculated using the Fund’s default method of average cost,
unless the investor instructs the Fund to use a different calculation method. Shareholders should review carefully the cost basis
information provided by the Fund and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their
federal income tax returns. Cost basis reporting is not required for certain shareholders.
Distributions and gains from the redemption of Fund shares may be subject to state and local taxes, even if not subject to federal income taxes. State and local taxes vary, so shareholders should consult their tax advisor.
Item 12. Distribution Arrangements.
Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC (the “Distributor”), an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the Fund's distributor. The Distributor receives no compensation for serving as the Fund's sole and exclusive placement agent.
Additional Information
The Trust enters into contractual arrangements with various parties (collectively, “service providers”), including, among others, the Fund's investment adviser, subadviser(s), custodian(s), securities lending agent, fund administration and accounting agents, transfer agent and distributor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, any of those contractual arrangements, and those contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Trust.
This Prospectus provides information concerning the Trust and the Fund that an investor should consider in
determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. Neither this Prospectus, nor the related SAI, is intended, or should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the Trust or the Fund and any shareholder, or to give rise to any rights to any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law that may not be waived.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
August 8, 2022
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL
FUNDS
Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio Class R6 |
Nationwide Mutual Funds (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust, is a registered open-end management investment company currently consisting of 49 series as of the date above. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relates only to the Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio (the “Fund”).
This SAI is not a prospectus but is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus for the Fund dated August 8, 2022. It contains information in addition to and more detailed than that set forth in the Prospectus for the Fund and should be read in conjunction with it.
Terms
not defined in this SAI have the meanings assigned to them in the Prospectus. The Prospectus is available to eligible investors by writing to Nationwide Mutual Funds,
P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, or by calling toll free 800-848-0920.
Copies of the Annual Report and Semiannual Report are available without charge upon request by
writing the Trust or by calling toll free 800-848-0920.
THE TRUST’S INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT FILE NO.: 811-08495
General Information and History
Nationwide Mutual Funds (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company organized under the laws of the state of Delaware on October 1, 2004, pursuant to a Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated June 17, 2009 (the “Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust”). The Trust currently consists of 49 separate series, each with its own investment objective.
The Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio is a diversified fund as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
Additional Information on Portfolio Instruments,
Strategies and Investment Policies
The Fund invests in a variety of securities and employs a number of investment techniques, which involve certain risks. The Prospectus discusses the Fund’s principal investment strategies, investment techniques and risks. Therefore, you should carefully review the Fund’s Prospectus. This SAI contains information about non-principal investment strategies the Fund may use, as well as further information about certain principal strategies that are discussed in the Prospectus.
Borrowing
The Fund may borrow money from banks, limited by the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction (generally, 33 1∕3% of its total assets
(including the amount borrowed)), including borrowings for temporary or emergency purposes. In addition to borrowings that are subject to 300% asset coverage and are
considered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to be permitted “senior securities,” the Fund is also permitted under the 1940
Act to borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan will be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed. The Fund may engage in mortgage dollar rolls and reverse repurchase agreements which may be considered a form of borrowing unless the Fund covers its exposure by segregating or earmarking liquid assets.
Asset Segregation. Pursuant to current guidance from the staff of the
SEC, financial instruments that involve the Fund’s obligation to make future payments to third parties will not be deemed to be creating any “senior
security” provided that the Fund “covers” its obligations. Financial instruments that involve an obligation to make future payments to third parties can
include, among others (i) securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or to be announced basis, (ii) futures contracts, (iii) forward currency contracts, (iv) swaps, (v) written options, (vi) unfunded commitments, (vii) securities sold short, and (viii) reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund is deemed to have “covered” its obligations involving such a financial instrument when the Fund enters into an offsetting financial position, or segregates liquid assets (such as cash, cash equivalents or other liquid portfolio securities) equal to the Fund’s exposures relating to the financial instrument, as determined on a daily basis. Segregated assets are not required to be physically segregated from other Fund assets, but may be segregated through appropriate notation on the books of the Fund or the Fund’s custodian.
The obligation to cover a financial instrument may require the Fund to sell a portfolio security or exit a transaction, including a transaction in a financial instrument, at a disadvantageous time or price in order to segregate the required amount of assets. Should segregated assets decline in value, the Fund will be required to segregate additional assets or reduce its position in the financial instrument. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or for other purposes, until the Fund’s obligations under the financial instruments have been satisfied.
Consistent with current SEC staff positions, the segregated amount for futures and forward contracts that require only cash settlement, and swap agreements that call for periodic netting between the Fund and its counterparty, is the net amount due under the contract, as determined daily on a mark-to-market basis. For other kinds of futures, forwards and swaps, more assets will be required to cover the Fund’s obligations, which essentially limits the Fund’s ability to use these instruments, to the extent that more assets will be required to cover the Fund’s obligations. The SEC has adopted a new rule which replaces the asset segregation framework that is being used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the Act, among other requirements; compliance with the new rule is required in 2022. The Advisor will continue to monitor developments as they apply to the Fund.
Leverage. The use of leverage by the Fund creates an opportunity for
greater total return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. For example, leveraging may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares and in the return
on the Fund’s portfolio. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowings are outstanding. Borrowings will create interest expenses for the Fund which can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowings. To the extent the income or capital appreciation derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay on the borrowings, the Fund’s return will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the income or capital appreciation from the securities purchased with such borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of borrowing, the return to the Fund will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends and other distributions will be reduced. In the latter case, the Fund’s portfolio management in its best judgment nevertheless may determine to maintain the Fund’s leveraged position if it expects that the benefits to the Fund’s shareholders of maintaining the leveraged position will outweigh the current reduced return.
Certain types of borrowings by the Fund may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in
credit agreements relating to asset coverage, portfolio composition requirements and other matters. It is not anticipated that observance of such covenants would impede the Fund’s portfolio management from managing the Fund’s portfolio in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. However, a breach of any such covenants not cured within the specified cure period may result in acceleration of outstanding indebtedness and require the Fund to dispose of portfolio investments at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Derivative Instruments
The Fund may use instruments referred to as derivative instruments (“derivatives”). A derivative is a financial instrument the value of which is derived from a security, a commodity (such as gold or oil), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500® Index or the prime lending rate). Derivatives allow the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk
to which the Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. The Fund may use derivatives as a substitute for taking a
position in a security, a group of securities or a securities index as well as for hedging purposes. The Fund also may use derivatives for speculative purposes to seek to
enhance returns. The use of a derivative is speculative if the Fund is primarily seeking to achieve gains, rather than offset the risk of other positions. When the Fund invests in a derivative for speculative purposes, the Fund will be fully exposed to the risks of loss of that derivative, which may sometimes be greater than the derivative’s cost. The Fund may not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that it would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly.
Derivatives generally have investment characteristics that are based upon either forward
contracts (under which one party is obligated to buy and the other party is obligated to sell an underlying asset at a specific price on a specified date) or option contracts (under which the holder of the option has the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specified price on or before a specified date). Consequently, the change in value of a forward-based derivative generally is roughly proportional to the change in value of the underlying asset. In contrast, the buyer of an option-based derivative generally will benefit from favorable movements in the price of the underlying asset but is not exposed to the corresponding losses that result from adverse movements in the value of the underlying asset. The seller (writer) of an option-based derivative generally will receive fees or premiums but generally is exposed to losses resulting from changes in the value of the underlying asset. Depending on the change in the value of the underlying asset, the potential for loss may be limitless. Derivative transactions may include elements of leverage and, accordingly, the fluctuation of the value of the derivative transaction in relation to the underlying asset may be magnified.
The use of these derivatives is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the several options and futures exchanges upon which they may be traded, and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Nationwide Fund Advisors (“NFA” or the “Adviser”), although registered as a commodity pool operator, has claimed exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) with respect to the Fund and, therefore, is not subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA with respect to the Fund.
On October 28, 2020, the SEC adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies (“Rule 18f-4”). The Fund will be required to implement and comply with Rule 18f-4 by August 19, 2022. Once implemented, Rule 18f-4 will impose limits on the amount of derivatives a fund can enter into, eliminate the asset segregation
framework currently used by funds to
comply with Section 18 of the 1940 Act, and require funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure amount to establish and maintain a
comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.
Special Risks of Derivative Instruments. The use of derivatives
involves special considerations and risks as described below. Risks pertaining to particular instruments are described in the sections that follow.
(1)
Successful use of most derivatives depends upon the Fund’s portfolio
management’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities and currency markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of
individual securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy adopted will succeed.
(2)
There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements
of a derivative and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a derivative used in a short hedge (such as writing a call option, buying a put option, or selling a futures contract) increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which these instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using derivatives on indices will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the investments being hedged, as well as how similar the index is to the portion of the Fund’s assets being hedged in terms of securities composition.
(3)
Hedging strategies, if successful, can reduce the risk of loss by wholly or partially
offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements in the investments being hedged. However, hedging strategies also can reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements in the hedged investments. For example, if the Fund entered into a short hedge because the Fund’s portfolio management projected a decline in the price of a security in the Fund’s portfolio, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the derivative. Moreover, if the price of the derivative declines by more than the increase in the price of the security, the Fund could suffer a loss.
(4)
As described below, the Fund might be required to maintain assets as
“cover,” maintain segregated accounts, or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivatives involving obligations to third parties (i.e.,
instruments other than purchased options). If the Fund were unable to close out its positions in such derivatives, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. The requirements might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. The Fund’s ability to close out a position in a derivative prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (“counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any hedging position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the Fund.
For a discussion of the federal income tax treatment of the Fund’s derivative
instruments, see “Additional General Tax Information for The Fund” in this SAI.
Options. The Fund may purchase or write put and call options on
securities and indices, and may purchase options on foreign currencies, and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing
position. The purchase of call options can serve as a long hedge (i.e., taking a long position in the underlying security), and the purchase of put options can serve as a short hedge (i.e., taking a short position in the underlying security). Writing put or call options can enable the Fund to enhance income by reason of the premiums paid by the purchaser of such options. Writing call options serves as a limited short hedge because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised, and the Fund will be obligated to sell the security at less than its market value or will be obligated to purchase the security at a price greater than that at which the security must be sold under the option. All or a portion of any assets used as cover for over-the-counter (“OTC”) options written by the Fund would be considered illiquid to the extent described under “Restricted, Non-Publicly Traded and Illiquid Securities” below. Writing put options serves as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised, and the Fund will be obligated to purchase the security at more than its market value.
The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration of the option, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, and general market conditions. Options that expire unexercised have no value. Options used by the Fund may include European-style options, which can be exercised only at expiration. This is in contrast to American-style options which can be exercised at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.
The Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering
into a closing transaction. For example, the Fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, the Fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit the Fund to realize the profit or limit the loss on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.
The Fund may purchase or write both OTC options and options traded on foreign and U.S.
exchanges. Exchange-traded options are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. OTC options are contracts between the Fund and the counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the Fund purchases or writes an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.
The Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. The Fund generally intends to purchase or write only those exchange-traded options for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. Although the Fund will enter into OTC options only with counterparties that are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there is no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration.
If the Fund is unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by the Fund could cause material losses because the Fund would be unable to sell the investment used as a cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.
The Fund may engage in options transactions on indices in much the same manner as the options on securities discussed above, except that index options may serve as a hedge against overall fluctuations in the securities markets in general.
The writing and purchasing of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of attempted hedging.
Transactions using OTC options (other than purchased options) expose the Fund to counterparty risk. To the extent required by SEC regulations and guidance, the Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either: (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities, other options, or futures or (2) cash and liquid obligations with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. The Fund also will earmark or set aside cash and/or appropriate liquid assets in a segregated custodial account if required to do so by the SEC and CFTC regulations. Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option or futures contract is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund’s assets to earmarking or segregated accounts as a cover could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
An interest rate option is an agreement with a counterparty giving the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an interest rate hedging vehicle (such as a Treasury future or interest rate swap) at a future date at a predetermined price. The option buyer would pay a premium at the inception of the agreement. An interest rate option can be used to actively manage the Fund’s interest rate risk with respect to either an individual bond or an overlay of the entire portfolio.
Spread Transactions. The Fund may purchase covered spread
options from securities dealers. Such covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the
right to put, or sell, a security that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund in purchasing covered spread options is the cost of the premium paid for the spread option and any transaction costs. In addition, there is no assurance that closing transactions will be available. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high-quality and lower-quality securities. Such protection is only provided during the life of the spread option.
Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into futures contracts,
including interest rate, index, and currency futures and purchase and write (sell) related options. The purchase of futures or call options thereon can serve as a long
hedge, and the sale of futures or the purchase of put options thereon can serve as a short hedge. Writing covered call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, and writing covered put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing covered options in securities. The Fund’s hedging may include purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected increases in securities prices or currency exchange rates and sales of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in securities prices or currency exchange rates. The Fund may write put options on futures contracts while at the same time purchasing call options on the same futures contracts in order to create synthetically a long futures contract position. Such options would have the same strike prices and expiration dates. The Fund will engage in this strategy only when the Fund’s portfolio management believes it is more advantageous to the Fund than purchasing the futures contract.
To the extent required by regulatory authorities, the Fund will only enter into futures contracts that are traded on U.S. or foreign exchanges or boards of trade approved by the CFTC and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. These transactions may be entered into for “bona fide hedging” purposes as defined in CFTC regulations and other permissible purposes including increasing return, substituting a position in a security, group of securities or an index, and hedging against changes in the value of portfolio securities due to anticipated changes in interest rates, currency values and/or market conditions. There is no overall limit on the percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be at risk with respect to futures activities. Although techniques other than sales and purchases of futures contracts could be used to obtain or reduce the Fund’s exposure to market, currency, or interest rate fluctuations, the Fund may be able to obtain or hedge its exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost through using futures contracts.
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., debt security), asset, commodity or currency for a specified price at a designated date, time, and place. An index futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which the parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified multiplier times the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index futures contract was originally written. Transaction costs are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. A futures contract may be satisfied by delivery or purchase, as the case may be, of the instrument, the currency, or by payment of the change in the cash value of the index. More commonly, futures contracts are closed out prior to delivery by entering into an offsetting transaction in a matching futures contract. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of those securities is made. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
No price is paid by the Fund upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception
of a futures contract, the Fund is required to deposit with the futures broker or in a segregated account with its custodian, in the name of the futures broker through whom the transaction was effected, “initial margin” consisting of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid obligations, in an amount generally equal to 10% or less of the contract value. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance
bond or good-faith deposit that is
returned to the Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high
volatility, the Fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in
the future by regulatory action.
Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When the Fund purchases an option on a future, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. In contrast, when the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous. Purchasers and sellers of futures positions and options on futures can enter into offsetting closing transactions by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument held or written. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade on which they were entered into (or through a linked exchange). Although the Fund generally intends to enter into futures transactions only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active market, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a future or option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.
If the Fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or option on a futures contract
position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses, because it would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.
Certain characteristics of the futures market might increase the risk that movements in the prices of futures contracts or options on futures contracts might not correlate perfectly with movements in the prices of the investments being hedged. For example, all participants in the futures and options on futures contracts markets are subject to daily variation margin calls and might be compelled to liquidate futures or options on futures contracts positions whose prices are moving unfavorably to avoid being subject to further calls. These liquidations could increase price volatility of the instruments and distort the normal price relationship between the futures or options and the investments being hedged. Also, because initial margin deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets, there might be increased participation by speculators in the future markets. This participation also might cause temporary price distortions. In addition, activities of large traders in both the futures and securities markets involving arbitrage, “program trading” and other investment strategies might result in temporary price distortions.
The Fund that enters into a futures contract is subject to the risk of loss of the initial and variation margin in the event of bankruptcy of the futures commission merchant (“FCM”) with which the Fund has an open futures position. The Fund’s assets may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of the FCM’s customers. If the FCM fails to provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.
Indexed and Inverse Securities. The Fund may invest in
securities the potential return of which is based on an index or interest rate. As an illustration, the Fund may invest in a debt security that pays interest based on the
current value of an interest rate index, such as the prime rate. The Fund also may invest in a debt security that returns principal at maturity based on the level of a securities index or a basket of securities, or based on the relative changes of two indices. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities the potential return of which is based inversely on the change in an index or interest rate (that is, a security the value of which will move in the opposite direction of changes to an index or interest rate). For example, the Fund may invest in securities that pay a higher rate of interest when a particular index decreases and pay a lower rate of interest (or do not fully return principal) when the value of the index increases. If the Fund invests in such securities, it may
be subject to reduced or eliminated
interest payments or loss of principal in the event of an adverse movement in the relevant interest rate, index or indices. Indexed and inverse securities involve credit
risk, and certain indexed and inverse securities may involve leverage risk, liquidity risk and currency risk. When used for hedging purposes, indexed and inverse
securities involve correlation risk. (Furthermore, where such a security includes a contingent liability, in the event of an adverse movement in the underlying index or interest rate, the Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain the position.)
Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into securities index, interest
rate, total return, currency exchange rate or single/multiple security swap agreements for any lawful purpose consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, such
as (but not limited to) for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular desired return or spread at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return or spread. The Fund also may enter into swaps in order to protect against an increase in the price of, or the currency exchange rate applicable to, securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from one or more days to several years. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase or decrease in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities, such as a selection of particular securities or those representing a particular index. Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between the two parties (for an uncleared swap) or, with respect to swaps that have been designated by the CFTC for mandatory clearing (cleared swaps), through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. See “Uncleared Swaps” and “Cleared Swaps” below for additional explanation of cleared and uncleared swaps. Swap agreements may include interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap”; interest rate floors under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level, or “floor”; and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor, or vice versa, in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels. “Total return swaps” are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments of the total return from the underlying asset during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another underlying asset. See “Swaps regulation” below.
The “notional amount” of the swap agreement is the agreed upon basis for calculating the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. Under most swap agreements entered into by the Fund, the obligations of the parties would be exchanged on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s obligation (or rights) under a swap agreement generally will be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). The Fund’s obligation under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a segregated account consisting of cash or liquid assets. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The swaps market is largely unregulated.
Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend, in part, on the Fund’s portfolio management’s ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments, replicate a particular benchmark index, or otherwise achieve the intended results. Swap agreements, especially OTC uncleared swap agreements, may be considered to be illiquid.
Swaps regulation. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and related regulatory developments have imposed comprehensive regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market
participants. The regulatory framework includes: (1) registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap participants; (2) central clearing and execution of standardized swaps; (3) margin requirements in swap transactions; (4) position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (5) recordkeeping and centralized and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps, and has adopted rules implementing most of the swap regulations dictated by the Dodd-Frank Act. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as “security-based swaps,” which includes swaps on single securities or credits, or narrow-based indices of securities or credits.
Uncleared swaps. In an uncleared swap, the swap counterparty is
typically a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. The Fund customarily enters into uncleared swaps based on the standard terms and conditions of an
International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreement. ISDA is a voluntary industry association of participants in the OTC derivatives markets that has developed standardized contracts used by such participants that have agreed to be bound by such standardized contracts.
In the event that one party to a swap transaction defaults and the transaction is terminated
prior to its scheduled termination date, one of the parties may be required to make an early termination payment to the other. An early termination payment may be payable by either the defaulting or non-defaulting party, depending upon which of them is “in-the-money” with respect to the swap at the time of its termination. Early termination payments may be calculated in various ways, but are intended to approximate the amount the “in-the-money” party would have to pay to replace the swap as of the date of its termination.
The
Fund will enter uncleared swap agreements only with counterparties that the Fund’s portfolio management reasonably believes are capable of performing under the swap
agreements. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have to rely on its contractual remedies (which may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency or similar laws) pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.
Cleared swaps. Certain swaps have been designated by the CFTC for
mandatory central clearing. The Dodd-Frank Act and implementing rules will ultimately require the clearing and exchange-trading of many swaps. Mandatory
exchange-trading and clearing will occur on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing. To date, the CFTC has designated only certain of the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps for mandatory clearing, but it is expected that the CFTC will designate additional categories of swaps for mandatory clearing. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not necessarily eliminate these risks and may involve additional risks not involved with uncleared swaps.
In a cleared swap, the Fund’s ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather
than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. The Fund initially will enter into cleared swaps through an executing broker. Such transactions will then
be submitted for clearing and, if cleared, will be held at regulated FCMs that are members of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty.
When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via
the FCM) an amount referred to as “initial margin.” Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a “variation margin” amount also may be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the price of the underlying reference instrument subject to the swap agreement. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.
CFTC rules require the trading and execution of certain cleared swaps on Swap Execution Facilities (“SEFs”), which are trading systems on platforms in which multiple participants have the ability to execute or trade swaps by accepting bids and offers made by multiple participants on the facility or system, through any means of interstate commerce. Moving trading to an exchange-type system may increase market transparency and liquidity but may require the Fund to incur increased expenses to access the same types of swaps that it has used in the past.
Rules adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act require centralized reporting of detailed information about many swaps, whether cleared or uncleared. This information is available to regulators and also, to a more limited extent and on an anonymous basis, to the public. Reporting of swaps data is intended to result in greater market transparency. This may be beneficial to funds that use swaps in their trading strategies. However, public reporting imposes additional recordkeeping burdens on these funds, and the safeguards established to protect anonymity are not yet tested and may not provide protection of trader identities as intended.
Certain
Internal Revenue Service positions may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy. It is possible that developments in the swap
markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to benefit from using swap
agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences.
Risks of cleared swaps. As noted above, certain types of swaps are, and others eventually are expected to be, required to be
cleared through a central counterparty, which may affect counterparty risk and other risks faced by the Fund. Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty
credit risk and increase liquidity compared to bilateral swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each
participant’s swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by the Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in
the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a swap contract. The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM’s customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund’s assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM’s other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.
With cleared swaps, the Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable terms as it would be
able to negotiate for a bilateral, uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally amend the terms of its agreement with the Fund, which may include the imposition of position limits or additional margin requirements with respect to the Fund’s investment in certain types of swaps. Central counterparties and FCMs generally can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions at any time, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement. Additionally, depending on a number of factors, the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. However, regulators are expected to adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could change this comparison.
Finally, the Fund is subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or central counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, the Fund may be required to break the trade and make an early termination payment to the executing broker.
Total Rate of Return Swaps. The Fund may enter into total rate of
return swaps. Total rate of return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments of the total return from the underlying asset during the specified
period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another underlying asset. A total rate of return swap may allow the Funds to quickly and cost effectively invest cash flows into a diversified basket of assets.
Approximately 30% of the Fund's net assets will be in short positions (i.e., stocks that the
subadviser deems unattractive), and approximately 130% of the Fund's net assets will be in long positions (i.e., stocks that the subadviser deems attractive), resulting in approximately 100% net equity exposure. To execute this strategy, the Fund intends to use total return swaps with an aggregate short notional value equal to approximately 30% of the Fund's net assets and an aggregate long notional value equal to approximately 30% of the Fund's net assets. By using swaps, the Fund will thus realize returns that synthetically replicate the performance of a portfolio that sells short an amount equal to 30% of its value and invests the cash proceeds in additional long positions.
Equity Swaps. The Fund may enter into equity swap contracts to invest
in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in various circumstances, including (but not limited to) circumstances where direct investment in the
securities is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable. Equity swaps may also be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. Until equity swaps are designated for central clearing, the counterparty to an equity swap contract will typically be a bank, investment banking firm or broker/dealer. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, a counterparty may agree to pay the Fund the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the equity swap contract would have increased in value had it been invested in the particular stocks (or an index of stocks), plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. In these cases, the Fund may agree to pay to the counterparty a floating rate of interest on the notional amount of the equity swap contract plus the amount, if any, by which that notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in such stocks. Therefore, the return to the Fund on the equity swap contract should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest paid
by the Fund on the notional amount. In
other cases, the counterparty and the Fund may each agree to pay the other the difference between the relative investment performances that would have been achieved if
the notional amount of the equity swap contract had been invested in different stocks (or indices of stocks).
The Fund will generally enter into equity swaps on a net basis, which means that the two
payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Payments may be made at the conclusion of an equity swap contract or periodically during its term. Equity swaps normally do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to equity swaps is normally limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an equity swap defaults, the Fund's risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any.
Hybrid Instruments. Hybrid instruments combine elements of derivative contracts with those of another security (typically
a fixed-income security). All or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of an underlying
asset or by reference to another benchmark (such as interest rates, currency exchange rates or indices). Hybrid instruments also include convertible securities with
conversion terms related to an underlying asset or benchmark.
The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures and currencies, and depend upon the terms of the instrument. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional fixed-income or convertible securities. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile and carry greater interest rate risks than traditional instruments. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Foreign Currency-Related Derivative Strategies— Special
Considerations. The Fund may use futures and options on futures on foreign currencies and
forward currency contracts to increase returns, to manage the Fund’s average portfolio duration, or to hedge against movements in the values of the foreign
currencies in which the Fund’s securities are denominated. Currency contracts also may be purchased such that net exposure to an individual currency exceeds the
value of the Fund’s securities that are denominated in that particular currency. The Fund may engage in currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates and also may engage in currency transactions to increase income and total return. Such currency hedges can protect against price movements in a security the Fund owns or intends to acquire that are attributable to changes in the value of the currency in which it is denominated. Such hedges do not, however, protect against price movements in the securities that are attributable to other causes.
The Fund might seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency when no hedging instruments on that currency are available or such hedging instruments are more expensive than certain other hedging instruments. In such cases, the Fund may hedge against price movements in that currency by entering into transactions using hedging instruments on another foreign currency or a basket of currencies, the values of which the Fund’s portfolio management believes will have a high degree of positive correlation to the value of the currency being hedged. The risk that movements in the price of the hedging instrument will not correlate perfectly with movements in the price of the currency being hedged is magnified when this strategy is used.
The value of derivative instruments on foreign currencies depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such hedging instruments, the Fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd-lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. options or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the derivative instruments until they reopen.
Settlement of derivative transactions involving foreign currencies might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, the Fund might be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency in accordance with any U.S. or foreign regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.
Permissible foreign currency options will include options traded primarily in the OTC market.
Although options on foreign currencies are traded primarily in the OTC market, the Fund will normally purchase OTC options on foreign currency only when the Fund’s portfolio management believes a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.
Forward Currency Contracts. A forward currency contract involves an
obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.
At or before the maturity of a forward currency contract, the Fund may either sell a portfolio security and make delivery of the currency, or retain the security and fully or partially offset its contractual obligation to deliver the currency by purchasing a second contract. If the Fund retains the portfolio security and engages in an offsetting transaction, the Fund, at the time of execution of the offsetting transaction, will incur a gain or a loss to the extent that movement has occurred in forward currency contract prices.
The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the foreign currency contract has been established. Thus, a Fund might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such foreign currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
Markets for trading foreign forward currency contracts offer less protection against defaults
than is available when trading in currency instruments on an exchange. Forward currency contracts are subject to the risk that the counterparty to such contract will default on its obligations. Since a forward foreign currency exchange contract is not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse, a default on the contract would deprive the Fund of unrealized profits or the benefits of a currency hedge, impose transaction costs or force the Fund to cover its purchase or sale commitments, if any, at the current market price. In addition, the institutions that deal in forward currency contracts are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies in which they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity. To the extent that a substantial portion of the Fund’s total assets, adjusted to reflect the Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated or quoted in currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.
Currency Hedging. While the values of forward currency contracts,
currency options, currency futures and options on futures may be expected to correlate with exchange rates, they will not reflect other factors that may affect the value
of the Fund’s investments. A currency hedge, for example, should protect a Yen-denominated bond against a decline in the Yen, but will not protect the Fund against price decline if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Because the value of the Fund’s investments denominated in a foreign currency will change in response to many factors other than exchange rates, a currency hedge may not be entirely successful in mitigating changes in the value of the Fund’s investments denominated in that currency over time.
A decline in the dollar value of a foreign currency in which the Fund’s securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of the securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. The use of currency hedges does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities, but it does establish a rate of exchange that can be achieved in the future. In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of securities it holds, the Fund may purchase put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline, the Fund will have the right to sell the currency for a fixed amount in dollars and will thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its securities that otherwise would have resulted. Conversely, if a rise in the dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby potentially increasing the cost of the securities, the Fund may purchase call options on the particular currency. The
purchase of these options could offset,
at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates. Although currency hedges limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of a hedged
currency, at the same time, they also limit any potential gain that might result should the value of the currency increase.
The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange transactions to hedge its currency exposure
in specific transactions or portfolio positions. Currency contracts also may be purchased such that net exposure to an individual currency exceeds the value of the Fund’s securities that are denominated in that particular currency. Transaction hedging is the purchase or sale of forward currency with respect to specific receivables or payables of the Fund generally accruing in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities. Position hedging is the sale of forward currency with respect to portfolio security positions. The Fund may not position hedge to an extent greater than the aggregate market value (at the time of making such sale) of the hedged securities.
Non-Deliverable Forwards. The Fund may, from time to time, engage in
non-deliverable forward transactions to manage currency risk or to gain exposure to a currency without purchasing securities denominated in that currency. A
non-deliverable forward is a transaction that represents an agreement between the Fund and a counterparty (usually a commercial bank) to buy or sell a specified (notional) amount of a particular currency at an agreed upon foreign exchange rate on an agreed upon future date. Unlike other currency transactions, there is no physical delivery of the currency on the settlement of a non-deliverable forward transaction. Rather, the Fund and the counterparty agree to net the settlement by making a payment in U.S. dollars or another fully convertible currency that represents any differential between the foreign exchange rate agreed upon at the inception of the non-deliverable forward agreement and the actual exchange rate on the agreed upon future date. Thus, the actual gain or loss of a given non-deliverable forward transaction is calculated by multiplying the transaction’s notional amount by the difference between the agreed upon forward exchange rate and the actual exchange rate when the transaction is completed.
When the Fund enters into a non-deliverable forward transaction, the Fund’s custodian will maintain segregated assets in an amount not less than the value of the Fund’s unrealized loss under such non-deliverable forward transaction. If the additional segregated assets decline in value or the amount of the Fund’s commitment increases because of changes in currency rates, additional cash or securities will be designated as segregated assets on a daily basis so that the value of the account will equal the amount of the Fund’s unrealized loss under the non-deliverable forward agreement.
Since the Fund generally may only close out a non-deliverable forward with the particular
counterparty, there is a risk that the counterparty will default on its obligation under the agreement. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreement related to the transaction, but there is no assurance that contract counterparties will be able to meet their obligations pursuant to such agreements or that, in the event of a default, the Fund will succeed in pursuing contractual remedies. The Fund thus assumes the risk that it may be delayed or prevented from obtaining payments owed to it pursuant to non-deliverable forward transactions.
In addition, where the currency exchange rates that are the subject of a given non-deliverable forward transaction do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Fund could sustain losses on the non-deliverable forward transaction. The Fund’s investment in a particular non-deliverable forward transaction will be affected favorably or unfavorably by factors that affect the subject currencies, including economic, political and legal developments that impact the applicable countries, as well as exchange control regulations of the applicable countries. These risks are heightened when a non-deliverable forward transaction involves currencies of emerging market countries because such currencies can be volatile and there is a greater risk that such currencies will be devalued against the U.S. dollar or other currencies.
The SEC and CFTC consider non-deliverable forwards as swaps, and they are therefore included in the definition of “commodity interests.” Non-deliverable forwards have historically been traded in the OTC market. However, as swaps, non-deliverable forwards may become subject to central clearing and trading on public facilities. Currency and cross currency forwards that qualify as deliverable forwards are not regulated as swaps for most purposes, and thus are not deemed to be commodity interests. However, such forwards are subject to some requirements applicable to swaps, including reporting to swap data repositories, documentation requirements, and business conduct rules applicable to swap dealers. CFTC regulation of currency and cross currency forwards, especially non-deliverable forwards, may restrict the Fund’s ability to use these instruments in the manner described above or subject NFA to CFTC registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator.
Foreign Commercial Paper. The Fund may invest in commercial paper
which is indexed to certain specific foreign currency exchange rates. The terms of such commercial paper provide that its principal amount is adjusted upward or downward (but not below zero) at maturity to reflect changes in the exchange rate between two currencies while the obligation is outstanding. The Fund will purchase such commercial paper with the currency in which it is denominated and, at maturity, will receive interest and principal payments thereon in that currency, but the amount or principal payable by the issuer at maturity will change in proportion to the change (if any) in the exchange rate between two specified currencies between the date the instrument is issued and the date the instrument matures. While such commercial paper entails the risk of loss of principal, the potential for realizing gains as a result of changes in the foreign currency exchange rate enables the Fund to hedge or cross-hedge against a decline in the U.S. dollar value of investments denominated in foreign currencies while providing an attractive money market rate of return. The Fund will purchase such commercial paper either for hedging purposes or in order to seek investment gain. The Fund believes that such investments do not involve the creation of a senior security, but nevertheless will earmark or establish a segregated account with respect to its investments in this type of commercial paper and maintain in such account cash not available for investment or other liquid assets having a value equal to the aggregate principal amount of outstanding commercial paper of this type.
Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest in securities of issuers located outside the United States. Funds that invest in foreign securities offer the potential for more diversification than Funds that invest only in the United States because securities traded on foreign markets have often (though not always) performed differently from securities traded in the United States. However, such investments often involve risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that the Fund will lose money. In particular, the Fund is subject to the risk that, because there are generally fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of shares traded each day, it may be difficult for the Fund to buy and sell securities on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may fluctuate more than prices of securities traded in the United States. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair the Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer the Fund’s assets or income back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect the Fund’s operations. Other potential foreign market risks include changes in foreign currency exchange rates, exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts, and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other foreign countries. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes.
Regional Risk. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely
affect securities of issuers in other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a
specific geographic region, the Fund generally will have more exposure to regional economic risks. In the event of economic or political turmoil or a deterioration of diplomatic relations in a region or country where a substantial portion of the Fund’s assets are invested, the Fund may experience substantial illiquidity or losses.
Eurozone-Related Risk. A number of countries in the European Union
(the “EU”) have experienced, and may continue to experience, severe economic and financial difficulties. Additional EU member countries may also fall subject
to such difficulties. These events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments in euro-denominated securities and derivatives contracts, as well as securities of issuers located in the EU or with significant exposure to EU issuers or countries. If the euro is dissolved entirely, the legal and contractual consequences for holders of euro-denominated obligations and derivative contracts would be determined by laws in effect at such time. Such investments may continue to be held, or purchased, to the extent consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted under applicable law. These potential developments, or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s shares.
Certain countries in the EU have had to accept assistance from supra-governmental agencies such
as the International Monetary Fund, the European Stability Mechanism, or other supra-governmental agencies. The European Central Bank has also been intervening to purchase Eurozone debt in an attempt to stabilize markets and reduce borrowing costs. There can be no assurance that these agencies will continue to intervene or provide further assistance, and markets may react adversely to
any expected reduction in the financial
support provided by these agencies. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks, and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may
not work, may result in social unrest, and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences.
In June 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) approved a referendum to leave the EU,
commonly referred to as “Brexit,” which sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound, short-term declines in global stock markets, and heightened risk of continued worldwide economic volatility. The UK officially left the EU on January 31, 2020, with a transitional period that ended on December 31, 2020. On December 30, 2020, the UK and the EU signed an agreement on the terms governing certain aspects of the EU’s and the UK’s relationship following the end of the transition period, the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (the “TCA”). Notwithstanding the TCA, there is likely to be considerable uncertainty as to the UK’s post-transition framework, and in particular as to the arrangements which will apply to the UK’s relationships with the EU and with other countries, which is likely to continue to develop and could result in increased volatility and illiquidity and potentially lower economic growth. Brexit created and may continue to create an uncertain political and economic environment in the UK and other EU countries. This long-term uncertainty may affect other countries in the EU and elsewhere. Further, the UK’s departure from the EU may cause volatility within the EU, triggering prolonged economic downturns in certain European countries or sparking additional member states to contemplate departing the EU. In addition, the UK’s departure from the EU may create actual or perceived additional economic stresses for the UK, including potential for decreased trade, capital outflows, devaluation of the British pound, wider corporate bond spreads due to uncertainty, and possible declines in business and consumer spending, as well as foreign direct investment.
Foreign Economy Risk. The economies of certain foreign markets often
do not compare favorably with that of the United States with respect to such issues as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources, and balance
of payments position. Certain such economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures.
Currency Risk and Exchange Risk. Unless the Fund's Prospectus states a policy to invest only in securities denominated in U.S. dollars,
the Fund may invest in securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. In such case, changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the
value of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency loses value
because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk, generally known as “currency risk,” means that a stronger U.S. dollar will reduce returns for U.S. investors while a weak U.S. dollar will increase those returns.
Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards. Many
foreign governments supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities less than does the United States. Some countries may not have laws to
protect investors comparable to the U.S. securities laws. For example, some foreign countries may have no laws or rules against insider trading. Insider trading occurs when a person buys or sells a company’s securities based on nonpublic information about that company. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for Fund management to completely and accurately determine a company’s financial condition. In addition, the U.S. government has from time to time in the past imposed restrictions, through penalties and otherwise, on foreign investments by U.S. investors such as the Fund. If such restrictions should be reinstituted, it might become necessary for the Fund to invest all or substantially all of its assets in U.S. securities.
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States. The
Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently
organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for the Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.
Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain
foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays
in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically generated by the settlement of U.S. investments. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates in markets that still rely on physical settlement. Settlements in certain foreign countries at times have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions; these problems may make it difficult for the Fund to carry out transactions. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If the Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable to that party for any losses incurred.
Investment in Emerging Markets. The Fund may invest in securities of issuers domiciled in various countries with emerging capital
markets. Emerging market countries typically are developing and low- or middle-income countries. Emerging market countries may be found in regions such as Asia, Latin
America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Investments in the securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets involve certain additional risks that do not generally apply to investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets; (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments; (iii) possible fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other foreign or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments; (iv) national policies that may limit the Fund’s investment opportunities, such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; and (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and foreign investments and private property. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on foreign investors.
Emerging capital markets are developing in a dynamic political and economic environment brought
about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that any or all of these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for the Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that the Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected market.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than
would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the United States, such as price/earnings ratios, may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and company shares may be held by a limited number of persons. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of the Fund’s acquisition or disposal of securities.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because the Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable compared to developed countries. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer, or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost. The Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
Investment in Frontier Markets. Frontier market countries generally
have smaller economies and less developed capital markets than traditional emerging markets, and, as a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are
magnified in frontier market countries. The economies of frontier market countries are less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts and their markets have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity. This volatility may be further heightened by the actions of a few major investors. For example, a
substantial increase or decrease in cash
flows of mutual funds investing in these markets could significantly affect local stock prices and, therefore, the price of Fund shares. These factors make investing in
frontier market countries significantly riskier than in other countries and any one of them could cause the price of the Fund’s shares to decline.
Governments of many frontier market countries in which the Fund may invest may exercise
substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the governments of such frontier market countries may own or control certain companies. Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in a frontier market country and on market conditions, prices and yields of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Moreover, the economies of frontier market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.
Investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier market countries may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier market countries and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain frontier market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain frontier market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests.
Frontier market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors, such as the Fund. In addition, if deterioration occurs in a frontier market country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Investing in local markets in frontier market countries may require the Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.
In addition, investing in frontier markets includes the risk of share blocking. Share blocking
refers to a practice, in certain foreign markets, where voting rights related to an issuer’s securities are predicated on these securities being blocked from trading at the custodian or sub-custodian level, for a period of time around a shareholder meeting. These restrictions have the effect of prohibiting securities to potentially be voted (or having been voted), from trading within a specified number of days before, and in certain instances, after the shareholder meeting. Share blocking may prevent the Fund from buying or selling securities for a period of time. During the time that shares are blocked, trades in such securities will not settle. The specific practices may vary by market and the blocking period can last from a day to several weeks, typically terminating on a date established at the discretion of the issuer. Once blocked, the only manner in which to remove the block would be to withdraw a previously cast vote, or to abstain from voting altogether. The process for having a blocking restriction lifted can be very difficult with the particular requirements varying widely by country. In certain countries, the block cannot be removed.
There may be no centralized securities exchange on which securities are traded in frontier market countries. Also, securities laws in many frontier market countries are relatively new and unsettled. Therefore, laws regarding foreign investment in frontier market securities, securities regulation, title to securities, and shareholder rights may change quickly and unpredictably.
The frontier market countries in which the Fund invests may become subject to sanctions or
embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations. The value of the securities issued by companies that operate in, or have dealings with, these countries may be negatively impacted by any such sanction or embargo and may reduce the Fund’s returns. Banks in frontier market countries used to hold the Fund’s securities and other assets in that country may lack the same operating experience as banks in developed markets. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held by a foreign bank in the event of the bankruptcy of the bank. Settlement systems in frontier markets may be less well organized than in the developed markets. As a result, there is greater risk than in developed countries that settlement will take longer and that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the settlement systems.
Restrictions on Certain Investments. A number of publicly traded
closed-end investment companies have been organized to facilitate indirect foreign investment in developing countries, and certain of such countries, such as Thailand,
South Korea, Chile and Brazil, have specifically authorized such funds. There also are investment opportunities in certain of such countries in pooled vehicles that resemble open-end investment companies. In accordance with the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies, not more than 5% of which may be invested in any one such company. In addition, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not own more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company. These restrictions on investments in securities of investment companies may limit opportunities for the Fund to invest indirectly in certain developing countries. Shares of certain investment companies may at times be acquired only at market prices representing premiums to their net asset values. If the Fund acquires shares of other investment companies, shareholders would bear both their proportionate share of expenses of the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of such other investment companies.
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in foreign securities by
purchasing depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts
(“GDRs”) and non-voting depositary receipts (“NVDRs”) or other securities convertible into securities of issuers based in foreign countries.
These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, GDRs, in bearer form, are issued and designed for use outside the United States and EDRs (also referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”)), in bearer form, may be denominated in other currencies and are designed for use in European securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. GDRs are receipts typically issued by non-U.S. banks and trust companies that evidence ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, ADRs, EDRs, GDRs and NVDRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying securities they represent. Thus, an ADR, EDR, GDR or NVDR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
The Fund may invest in depositary receipts through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. While ADRs issued under these two types of facilities are in some respects similar, there are distinctions between them relating to the rights and obligations of ADR holders and the practices of market participants.
A depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or even necessarily the acquiescence of) the issuer of the deposited securities, although typically the depositary requests a letter of non-objection from such issuer prior to the establishment of the facility. Holders of unsponsored ADRs generally bear all the costs of such facilities. The depositary usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the deposited securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to pass through voting rights to ADR holders in respect of the deposited securities. In addition, an unsponsored facility is generally not obligated to distribute communications received from the issuer of the deposited securities or to disclose material information about such issuer in the U.S. and thus there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. Unsponsored ADRs tend to be less liquid than sponsored ADRs.
Sponsored ADR facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that the issuer of the deposited securities enters into a deposit agreement with the depositary. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the issuer, the depositary, and the ADR holders. With sponsored facilities, the issuer of the deposited securities generally will bear some of the costs relating to the facility (such as dividend payment fees of the depositary), although ADR holders continue to bear certain other costs (such as deposit and withdrawal fees). Under the terms of most sponsored arrangements, depositaries agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings and voting instructions, and to provide shareholder communications and other information to the ADR holders at the request of the issuer of the deposited securities.
Foreign Sovereign Debt. To the extent that the Fund invests in
obligations issued by governments of developing or emerging market countries, these investments involve additional risks. Sovereign obligors in developing and emerging
market countries are among the world’s largest debtors to commercial banks, other governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions. These obligors have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by
negotiating new or amended credit
agreements or converting outstanding principal and unpaid interest to Brady Bonds, and obtaining new credit for finance interest payments. Holders of certain foreign
sovereign debt securities may be requested to participate in the restructuring of such obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers. There can be no assurance
that the foreign sovereign debt securities in which the Fund may invest will not be subject to similar restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit which may adversely affect the Fund’s holdings. Furthermore, certain participants in the secondary market for such debt may be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants.
Investing through Stock Connect. The Fund may invest in China
A-shares of certain Chinese companies listed and traded on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (together, the “Exchanges”) through
the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect Program and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect Program, respectively (together, “Stock Connect”). Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program developed by the Exchange of Hong Kong, the Exchanges, and the China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited. Stock Connect facilitates foreign investment in the People's Republic of China (“PRC”) via brokers in Hong Kong. Persons investing through Stock Connect are subject to PRC regulations and Exchange listing rules, among others. These could include limitations on or suspension of trading. These regulations are relatively new and subject to changes which could adversely impact the Fund's rights with respect to the securities. There are no assurances that the necessary systems to run the program will function properly. Stock Connect is subject to aggregate and daily quota limitations on purchases and the Fund may experience delays in transacting via Stock Connect. The stocks of Chinese companies that are owned by the Fund are held in an omnibus account and registered in nominee name. Please also see the sections on risks relating to investing outside the United States and investing in emerging markets. See “Foreign Securities” above regarding investing outside the United States.
Risks Related to Russian Invasion of Ukraine. In late February 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already
existing geopolitical tensions among Russia, Ukraine, Europe, NATO, and the West. Russia’s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to
Russia’s actions, and the potential for wider conflict may increase financial market volatility and could have severe adverse effects on regional and global
economic markets, including the markets for certain securities and commodities such as oil and natural gas. Following Russia’s actions, various countries, including the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, as well as the European Union, issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia. The sanctions consist of the prohibition of trading in certain Russian securities and engaging in certain private transactions, the prohibition of doing business with certain Russian corporate entities, large financial institutions, officials and oligarchs, and the freezing of Russian assets. The sanctions include a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, commonly called “SWIFT,” the electronic network that connects banks globally, and imposed restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. A number of large corporations and U.S. states have also announced plans to divest interests or otherwise curtail business dealings with certain Russian businesses.
The imposition of these current sanctions (and potential further sanctions in response to continued Russian military activity) and other actions undertaken by countries and businesses may adversely impact various sectors of the Russian economy, including but not limited to, the financials, energy, metals and mining, engineering, and defense and defense-related materials sectors. Such actions also may result in the decline of the value and liquidity of Russian securities, a weakening of the ruble, and could impair the ability of the Fund to buy, sell, receive, or deliver those securities. Moreover, the measures could adversely affect global financial and energy markets and thereby negatively affect the value of the Fund's investments beyond any direct exposure to Russian issuers or those of adjoining geographic regions. In response to sanctions, the Russian Central Bank raised its interest rates and banned sales of local securities by foreigners. Russia may take additional counter measures or retaliatory actions, which may further impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities and Fund investments. Such actions could, for example, include restricting gas exports to other countries, seizure of U.S. and European residents' assets, or undertaking or provoking other military conflict elsewhere in Europe, any of which could exacerbate negative consequences on global financial markets and the economy. The actions discussed above could have a negative effect on the performance of funds that have exposure to Russia. While diplomatic efforts have been ongoing, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is currently unpredictable and has the potential to result in broadened military actions. The duration of ongoing hostilities and corresponding sanctions and related events cannot be predicted and may result in a negative impact on performance and the value of Fund investments, particularly as it relates to Russia exposure.
Due to
difficulties transacting in impacted securities, the Fund may experience challenges liquidating the applicable positions to continue to seek the Fund’s investment
objective. Additionally, due to current and potential future sanctions or potential market closure impacting the ability to trade Russian securities, the Fund may
experience higher transaction costs.
Initial Public Offerings
The Fund may participate in initial public offerings (“IPOs”). Securities
issued in initial public offerings have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. The volume of IPOs and the
levels at which the newly issued stocks trade in the secondary market are affected by the performance of the stock market overall. If IPOs are brought to the market, availability may be limited and the Fund may not be able to buy any shares at the offering price, or if it is able to buy shares, it may not be able to buy as many shares at the offering price as it would like. In addition, the prices of securities involved in IPOs are often subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than more established stocks.
Interfund Borrowing and Lending Program
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC dated June 13, 2016, the Fund may lend money to, and borrow money for temporary purposes from, other funds advised by the Fund's investment adviser, NFA. Generally, a Fund will borrow money through the program only when the costs are equal to or lower than the cost of bank loans. Interfund borrowings can have a maximum duration of seven days. Loans may be called on one day’s notice. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to borrow or lend under the program at any time, and the Fund may have to borrow from a bank at a higher interest rate if an interfund loan is unavailable, called, or not renewed.
Lending Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, provided it receives collateral, with respect to each loan of U.S. securities, equal to at least 102% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned, and, with respect to each loan of non-U.S. securities, collateral of at least 105% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned, and at all times thereafter shall require the borrower to mark-to-market such collateral on a daily basis so that the market value of such collateral does not fall below 100% of the market value of the portfolio securities so loaned. By lending its portfolio securities, the Fund can increase its income through the investment of the collateral. For the purposes of this policy, the Fund considers collateral consisting of cash, U.S. government securities or letters of credit issued by banks whose securities meet the standards for investment by the Fund to be the equivalent of cash. From time to time, the Fund may return to the borrower or a third party which is unaffiliated with it, and which is acting as a “placing broker,” a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral received for securities loaned.
The SEC currently requires that the following conditions must be met whenever portfolio securities are loaned: (1) the Fund must receive from the borrower collateral equal to at least 100% of the value of the portfolio securities loaned; (2) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities loaned rises above the level of such collateral; (3) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (4) the Fund must receive a reasonable rate of return on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions payable on the loaned securities, and any increase in market value; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with the loan; and (6) while any voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the Fund’s Board of Trustees must be able to terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs. In addition, the Fund may not have on loan securities representing more than one-third of its total assets at any given time. The collateral that the Fund receives may be included in calculating the Fund’s total assets. The Fund generally will not seek to vote proxies relating to the securities on loan, unless it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. These conditions may be subject to future modification. Loan agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the other party including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to recover the loaned securities or dispose of the collateral for the loan.
Investment of Securities Lending Collateral. The cash collateral
received from a borrower as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities will be used to purchase both fixed-income securities and other securities with
debt-like characteristics that are rated A1 or P1 on a fixed-rate or floating-rate basis, including: bank obligations; commercial paper; investment agreements, funding agreements, or guaranteed investment contracts entered into with, or guaranteed by, an insurance company; loan participations; master notes; medium-term notes; repurchase agreements; and U.S. government
securities. Except for the investment
agreements, funding agreements or guaranteed investment contracts guaranteed by an insurance company, master notes, and medium-term notes (which are described below),
these types of investments are described elsewhere in the SAI. Collateral may also be invested in a money market mutual fund or short-term collective investment trust.
Investment agreements, funding agreements, or guaranteed investment contracts entered into
with, or guaranteed by, an insurance company are agreements in which an insurance company either provides for the investment of the Fund’s assets or provides for a minimum guaranteed rate of return to the investor.
Master notes are promissory notes issued usually with large, creditworthy broker-dealers on
either a fixed-rate or floating-rate basis. Master notes may or may not be collateralized by underlying securities. If the master note is issued by an unrated subsidiary of a broker-dealer, then an unconditional guarantee is provided by the issuer’s parent.
Medium-term notes are unsecured, continuously offered corporate debt obligations. Although
medium-term notes may be offered with a maturity from one to ten years, in the context of securities lending collateral, the maturity of the medium-term note generally will not exceed two years.
LIBOR Risk
The Fund may be exposed to financial instruments that are tied to the London Interbank Offered
Rate (“LIBOR”) to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies or investment value. The Fund's investments may pay interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or may be subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund may also obtain financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. Derivative instruments utilized by the Fund may also reference LIBOR.
In 2017, the head of the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced a desire
to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. On March 5, 2021, the administrator of LIBOR, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, announced its intention to cease publishing two USD LIBOR settings immediately after publication on December 31, 2021, with the majority of the USD LIBOR settings to end immediately after publication on June 30, 2023. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates in most major currencies. The U.S. Federal Reserve, based on the recommendations of Alternative Reference Rates Committee, has begun publishing the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) that is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR. Proposals for alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced or have already begun publication. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new reference rates.
Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known.
The transition process might lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for, and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against, instruments whose terms currently include LIBOR. While some existing LIBOR-based instruments may contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate-setting methodology, there may be significant uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies to replicate LIBOR. Not all existing LIBOR-based instruments may have alternative rate-setting provisions and there remains uncertainty regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to add alternative rate-setting provisions in certain existing instruments. In addition, a liquid market for newly-issued instruments that use a reference rate other than LIBOR still may be developing. There may also be challenges for the Fund to enter into hedging transactions against such newly-issued instruments until a market for such hedging transactions develops. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the Fund's performance or net asset value.
Natural Disaster/Epidemic Risk
Natural or environmental disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tsunamis
and other severe weather-related phenomena generally, and widespread disease, including pandemics and epidemics, have been and can be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely impacting individual companies, sectors, industries, markets, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Fund's investments. Given the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region are increasingly likely to adversely affect markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. These disruptions could prevent the Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner and negatively impact the Fund's ability to achieve its investment objectives. Any such event(s) could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Fund.
Operational and Technology Risk/Cyber Security Risk
The Fund, its service providers, and other market participants depend on complex information
technology and communications systems to conduct business functions. These systems are subject to a number of different threats or risks that could adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders, despite the efforts of the Fund and its service providers to adopt technologies, processes, and practices intended to mitigate these risks.
For example, the Fund, and its service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber incidents. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks also may be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures or breaches by the Fund's adviser, and other service providers (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, subadvisers, transfer agents and administrators), and the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund's ability to calculate its net asset value, impediments to trading, the inability of the Fund's shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Fund and its service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and systems designed to reduce the risks associated with, such cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified.
In addition, power or communications outages, acts of God, information technology equipment
malfunctions, operational errors, and inaccuracies within software or data processing systems may also disrupt business operations or impact critical data. Market events also may trigger a volume of transactions that overloads current information technology and communication systems and processes, impacting the ability to conduct the Fund's operations.
The Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Fund and issuers in which the Fund invests. The Funds and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Preferred Stocks, Convertible Securities and Other Equity Securities
The Fund may invest in preferred stocks and other types of convertible securities. Preferred stocks, like many debt obligations, are generally fixed-income securities. Shareholders of preferred stocks normally have the right to receive dividends at a fixed rate when and as declared by the issuer’s board of directors, but do not participate in other amounts available for distribution by the issuing corporation. In some countries, dividends on preferred stocks may be variable, rather than fixed. Dividends on the preferred stock may be cumulative, and all cumulative dividends usually must be paid prior to common shareholders of common stock receiving any dividends. Because preferred stock dividends must be paid before common stock dividends, preferred stocks generally entail less risk than common stocks. Upon liquidation, preferred stocks are entitled to a specified liquidation preference, which is generally the same as the par or stated value, and are senior in right of payment to common stock. Preferred stocks are, however, equity securities in the sense that they do not represent a liability of the issuer and, therefore, do not offer as great a degree of protection of capital or assurance of continued income as investments in corporate debt securities. Preferred stocks are generally subordinated in right of payment to all debt obligations and creditors of the issuer, and convertible preferred stocks may be subordinated to other preferred stock of the same issuer.
Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks, or other securities that
may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt obligations and equity securities. The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, the credit standing of the issuer and other factors. The market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying
common stock. The market value of
convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stock and therefore will react to variations in the general market for
equity securities. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment
value. Generally, the conversion value decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. While no securities investments are without risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.
A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest normally paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics in that they generally (i) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed-income characteristics, and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases. Most convertible securities currently are issued by U.S. companies, although a substantial Eurodollar convertible securities market has developed, and the markets for convertible securities denominated in local currencies are increasing.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party.
Convertible securities generally are subordinated to other similar but non-convertible
securities of the same issuer, although convertible bonds, as corporate debt obligations, generally enjoy seniority in right of payment to all equity securities, and convertible preferred stock is senior to common stock of the same issuer. Because of the subordination feature, however, some convertible securities typically are rated below investment grade or are not rated, depending on the general creditworthiness of the issuer.
The Fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks that offer enhanced yield features, such as Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stocks (“PERCS”), which provide an investor, such as the Fund, with the opportunity to earn higher dividend income than is available on a company’s common stock. PERCS are preferred stocks that generally feature a mandatory conversion date, as well as a capital appreciation limit, which is usually expressed in terms of a stated price. Most PERCS expire three years from the date of issue, at which time they are convertible into common stock of the issuer. PERCS are generally not convertible into cash at maturity. Under a typical arrangement, after three years PERCS convert into one share of the issuer’s common stock if the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price below that set by the capital appreciation limit, and into less than one full share if the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price above that set by the capital appreciation limit. The amount of that fractional share of common stock is determined by dividing the price set by the capital appreciation limit by the market price of the issuer’s common stock. PERCS can be called at any time prior to maturity, and hence do not provide call protection. If called early, however, the issuer must pay a call premium over the market price to the investor. This call premium declines at a preset rate daily, up to the maturity date.
The Fund may also invest in other classes of enhanced convertible securities. These include but are not limited to Automatically Convertible Equity Securities (“ACES”), Participating Equity Preferred Stock (“PEPS”), Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities (“PRIDES”), Stock Appreciation Income Linked Securities (“SAILS”), Term Convertible Notes (“TECONS”), Quarterly Income Cumulative Securities (“QICS”), and Dividend Enhanced Convertible Securities (“DECS”). ACES, PEPS, PRIDES, SAILS, TECONS, QICS, and DECS all have the following features: they are issued by the company, the common stock of which will be received in the event the convertible preferred stock is converted; unlike PERCS they do not have a capital appreciation limit; they seek to provide the investor with high current income with some prospect of future capital appreciation; they are typically issued with three- or four-year maturities; they typically have some built-in call protection for the first two to three years; and, upon maturity, they will convert into either cash or a specified number of shares of common stock.
Similarly, there may be enhanced convertible debt obligations issued by the operating company, whose common stock is to be acquired in the event the security is converted, or by a different issuer, such as an investment bank. These securities may be identified by names such as Equity Linked Securities (“ELKS”) or similar names. Typically they share most of the salient
characteristics of an enhanced
convertible preferred stock but will be ranked as senior or subordinated debt in the issuer’s corporate structure according to the terms of the debt indenture.
There may be additional types of convertible securities not specifically referred to herein, which may be similar to those described above in which the Fund may invest,
consistent with its goals and policies.
An investment in an enhanced convertible security or any other security may involve additional risks to the Fund. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund’s ability to dispose of particular securities, when necessary, to meet the Fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund may hold up to 15% of its respective portfolio in illiquid securities.
The Fund may also invest in zero coupon convertible securities. Zero coupon convertible securities are debt securities which are issued at a discount to their face amount and do not entitle the holder to any periodic payments of interest prior to maturity. Rather, interest earned on zero coupon convertible securities accretes at a stated yield until the security reaches its face amount at maturity. Zero coupon convertible securities are convertible into a specific number of shares of the issuer’s common stock. In addition, zero coupon convertible securities usually have put features that provide the holder with the opportunity to sell the securities back to the issuer at a stated price before maturity. Generally, the prices of zero coupon convertible securities may be more sensitive to market interest rate fluctuations than conventional convertible securities. For more information about zero coupon securities generally, see “Zero Coupon Securities, Step-Coupon Securities, Pay-In-Kind Bonds (“PIK Bonds”) and Deferred Payment Securities” below.
Current federal income tax law requires the holder of zero coupon securities to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. Accordingly, to avoid liability for federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements.
Contingent Convertible Securities. A contingent convertible security (“CoCo”) is a hybrid debt security typically issued by a
non-U.S. bank that, upon the occurrence of a specified trigger event, may be (i) convertible into equity securities of the issuer at a predetermined share price; or (ii)
written down in liquidation value. Trigger events are identified in the document’s requirements. CoCos are designed to behave like bonds in times of economic health
yet absorb losses when the trigger event occurs.
With respect to CoCos that provide for conversion of the CoCo into common shares of the issuer
in the event of a trigger event, the conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, subjecting the Fund to a greater risk of loss in the event of bankruptcy. In addition, because the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in such instruments could experience reduced yields (or no yields at all). With respect to CoCos that provide for the write-down in liquidation value of the CoCo in the event of a trigger event, it is possible that the liquidation value of the CoCo may be adjusted downward to below the original par value or written off entirely under certain circumstances. For instance, if losses have eroded the issuer’s capital levels below a specified threshold, the liquidation value of the CoCo may be reduced in whole or in part. The write-down of the CoCo’s par value may occur automatically and would not entitle holders to institute bankruptcy proceedings against the issuer. In addition, an automatic write-down could result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment associated with the CoCo is based on par value. Coupon payments on CoCos may be discretionary and may be canceled by the issuer for any reason or may be subject to approval by the issuer’s regulator and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves.
CoCos are subject to the credit, interest rate, high-yield securities, foreign securities and
market risks associated with bonds and equity securities, and to the risks specified to convertible securities in general. They are also subject to other specific risks. CoCos typically are structurally subordinated to traditional convertible bonds in the issuer’s capital structure, which increases the risk that the Fund may experience a loss. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCos may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. CoCos are generally speculative and the prices of CoCos may be volatile. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive return of principal on CoCos.
Publicly Traded Limited Partnerships and Limited Liability Companies
Entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, business trusts and
companies organized outside the United States may issue securities comparable to common or preferred stock. The Fund may invest in interests in limited liability companies, as well as publicly traded limited partnerships (limited partnership interests or units), which represent equity interests in the assets and earnings of the company’s or partnership’s trade or business. Unlike common stock in a corporation, limited partnership interests have limited or no voting rights. However, many of the risks of investing in common stocks are still applicable to investments in limited partnership interests. In addition, limited partnership interests are subject to risks not present in common stock. For example, income derived from a limited partnership deemed not to be a “qualified publicly traded partnership” will be treated as “qualifying income” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Internal Revenue Code”) only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund. See “Additional General Tax Information for The Fund” below. Also, since publicly traded limited partnerships and limited liability companies are a less common form of organizational structure than corporations, their units may be less liquid than publicly traded common stock. Also, because of the difference in organizational structure, the fair value of limited liability company or limited partnership units in the Fund’s portfolio may be based either upon the current market price of such units, or if there is no current market price, upon the pro rata value of the underlying assets of the company or partnership. Limited partnership units also have the risk that the limited partnership might, under certain circumstances, be treated as a general partnership giving rise to broader liability exposure to the limited partners for activities of the partnership. Further, the general partners of a limited partnership may be able to significantly change the business or asset structure of a limited partnership without the limited partners having any ability to disapprove any such changes. In certain limited partnerships, limited partners may also be required to return distributions previously made in the event that excess distributions have been made by the partnership, or in the event that the general partners, or their affiliates, are entitled to indemnification.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Although the Fund will not invest in real estate directly, the Fund may invest in securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and other real estate industry companies or companies with substantial real estate investments and, as a result, the Fund may be subject to certain risks associated with direct ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds; extended vacancies of properties; risks related to general and local economic conditions; overbuilding; increases in competition, property taxes and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents; and changes in interest rates.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in income-producing real estate or
real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the investment strategies of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. The Fund pays the fees and expenses of the REITs, which, ultimately, are paid by the Fund’s shareholders.
Repurchase Agreements
In connection with the purchase by the Fund of a repurchase agreement from member banks of the Federal Reserve System or certain non-bank dealers, the Fund’s custodian, or a sub-custodian, will have custody of, and will earmark or segregate securities acquired by the Fund under such repurchase agreement. Repurchase agreements are contracts under which the buyer of a security simultaneously commits to resell the security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date. Any portion of a repurchase agreement that is not collateralized fully is considered by the staff of the SEC to be a loan by the Fund. To the extent that a repurchase agreement is not collateralized fully, the Fund will include any collateral that the Fund receives in calculating the Fund’s total assets in determining whether the Fund has loaned more than one-third of its assets. Repurchase agreements may be entered into with respect to securities of the type in which the Fund may invest or government securities regardless of their remaining maturities, and will require that additional securities be deposited as
collateral if the value of the
securities purchased should decrease below resale price. Repurchase agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency by the other party, including
possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities, the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying
securities during the period in which the Fund seeks to assert its rights to them, the risk of incurring expenses associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or part of the income from the repurchase agreement. The Fund’s portfolio management reviews the creditworthiness of those banks and other recognized financial institutions with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreements to evaluate these risks.
Restricted, Non-Publicly Traded and Illiquid Securities
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets, in the aggregate, in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements which have a maturity of longer than seven days, time deposits maturing in more than seven days and securities that are illiquid because of the absence of a readily available market or legal or contractual restrictions on resale or other factors limiting the marketability of the security. Repurchase agreements subject to demand are deemed to have a maturity equal to the notice period.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), securities which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a maturity of longer than seven days. In addition, a security is illiquid if it cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Securities which have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Unless subsequently registered for sale, these securities can only be sold in privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to an exemption from registration. The Fund typically does not hold a significant amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and the Fund might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the
Securities Act including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments.
The SEC has adopted Rule 144A, which allows for a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers.
Any such restricted securities will be considered to be illiquid for purposes of the Fund’s limitations on investments in illiquid securities unless, pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Fund’s portfolio management has determined such securities to be liquid because such securities are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A and are readily saleable, or if such securities may be readily saleable in foreign markets. To the extent that qualified institutional buyers may become uninterested in purchasing Rule 144A securities, the Fund’s level of illiquidity may increase.
The Fund may sell OTC options and, in connection therewith, earmark or segregate assets to
cover its obligations with respect to OTC options written by the Fund. The assets used as cover for OTC options written by the Fund will be considered illiquid unless the OTC options are sold to qualified dealers who agree that the Fund may repurchase any OTC option it writes at a maximum price to be calculated by a formula set forth in the option agreement. The cover for an OTC option written subject to this procedure would be considered illiquid only to the extent that the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
The Fund’s portfolio management will monitor the liquidity of restricted securities in the portion of the Fund it manages. In reaching liquidity decisions, the following factors are considered: (1) the unregistered nature of the security; (2) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (3) the number of dealers wishing to purchase or sell the security and the
number of other potential purchasers;
(4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (5) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of
the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer).
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Fund assesses, manages, and periodically reviews its liquidity risk.
Private Placement Commercial Paper. Commercial paper eligible for
resale under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act (“Section 4(2) paper”) is offered only to accredited investors. Rule 506 of Regulation D in the Securities Act
lists investment companies as an accredited investor.
Section 4(2) paper not eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the Securities Act shall be deemed liquid if: (1) the Section 4(2) paper is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest; (2) the Section 4(2) paper is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two NRSROs, or if only one NRSRO rates the security, it is rated in one of the two highest categories by that NRSRO; and (3) the Fund’s portfolio management believes that, based on the trading markets for such security, such security can be disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements to facilitate portfolio liquidity, a
practice common in the mutual fund industry. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund would sell a security and enter into an agreement to repurchase the security at a specified future date and price. The Fund generally retains the right to interest and principal payments on the security. Since the Fund receives cash upon entering into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may be considered a borrowing under the 1940 Act (see “Borrowing”). When required by guidelines of the SEC, the Fund will segregate or earmark permissible liquid assets to secure its obligations to repurchase the security. At the time the Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will establish and maintain segregated or earmarked liquid assets with an approved custodian having a value not less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest). The segregated or earmarked liquid assets will be marked-to-market daily and additional assets will be segregated or earmarked on any day in which the assets fall below the repurchase price (plus accrued interest). The Fund's liquidity and ability to manage its assets might be affected when it sets aside cash or portfolio securities to cover such commitments. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such determination.
Securities of Investment Companies
As permitted by the 1940 Act, the Fund may generally invest up to 10% of its total assets,
calculated at the time of investment, in the securities of other open-end or closed-end investment companies. No more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one investment company nor may it acquire more than 3% of the voting securities of any other investment company. Notwithstanding these restrictions, the Fund may invest any amount, pursuant to Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act, in affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies that hold themselves out as “money market funds” and which operate in accordance with Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. In addition, the Fund may invest in other investment companies in excess of these limits pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act. In connection with the adoption of Rule 12d1-4, in January 2022 the SEC also rescinded certain prior exemptive relief. These regulatory changes may adversely impact a Fund’s investment strategies and operations to the extent that it invests, or might otherwise have invested, in shares issued by other investment companies. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees paid by an investment company in which it invests in addition to the advisory fee paid by the Fund. Some of the countries in which the Fund may invest may not permit direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may only be permitted through foreign government-approved or government-authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies.
Exchange-Traded Funds. The Fund may invest in exchange-traded funds
(“ETFs”). ETFs are regulated as registered investment companies under the 1940 Act. Many ETFs acquire and hold securities of all of the companies or other
issuers, or a representative sampling of companies or other issuers that are components of a particular index. Such ETFs typically are
intended to provide investment results
that, before expenses, generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the corresponding market index, and the value of their shares should, under normal
circumstances, closely track the value of the index’s underlying component securities. Because an ETF has operating expenses and transaction costs, while a market
index does not, ETFs that track particular indices typically will be unable to match the performance of the index exactly. ETF shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary trading market on a securities exchange, in lots of any size, at any time during the trading day. More recently, actively managed ETFs have been created that are managed similarly to other investment companies.
The shares of an ETF may be assembled in a block known as a creation unit and redeemed in-kind for a portfolio of the underlying securities (based on the ETF’s net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Conversely, a creation unit may be purchased from the ETF by depositing a specified portfolio of the ETF’s underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit. ETF shares, as opposed to creation units, are generally purchased and sold by smaller investors in a secondary market on a securities exchange. ETF shares can be traded in lots of any size, at any time during the trading day. Although the Fund, like most other investors in ETFs, intends to purchase and sell ETF shares primarily in the secondary trading market, the Fund may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities and use it (and any required cash) to purchase creation units, if the investment manager believes it is in the Fund’s best interest to do so.
An investment in an ETF is subject to all of the risks of investing in the securities held by the ETF and has the same risks as investing in a closed-end fund. In addition, because of the ability of large market participants to arbitrage price differences by purchasing or redeeming creation units, the difference between the market value and the net asset value of ETF shares should in most cases be small. An ETF may be terminated and need to liquidate its portfolio securities at a time when the prices for those securities are falling.
Short Selling of Securities
The Fund may engage in short selling of securities consistent with its strategies. In a short sale of securities, the Fund sells stock which it does not own, making delivery with securities “borrowed” from a broker. The Fund is then obligated to replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. This price may or may not be less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. In order to borrow the security, the Fund also may have to pay a premium and/or interest which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. In addition, the broker may require the deposit of collateral (generally, up to 50% of the value of the securities sold short).
The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases
between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those two dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased and the amount of any loss will be increased by any premium or interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale. When a cash dividend is declared on a security for which a Fund has a short position, the Fund incurs the obligation to pay an amount equal to that dividend to the lender of the shorted security. However, any such dividend on a security sold short generally reduces the market value of the shorted security, thus increasing the Fund’s unrealized gain or reducing the Fund’s unrealized loss on its short-sale transaction. Whether the Fund will be successful in utilizing a short sale will depend, in part, on its portfolio management’s ability to correctly predict whether the price of a security it borrows to sell short will decrease.
In a short sale, the seller does not immediately deliver the securities sold and is said to have a short position in those securities until delivery occurs. The Fund must segregate or earmark an amount of cash or other liquid assets equal to the difference between (a) the market value of securities sold short at the time that they were sold short and (b) the value of the collateral deposited with the broker to meet margin requirements in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale). While the short position is open, the Fund must maintain on a daily basis segregated or earmarked liquid assets at such a level that the amount segregated or earmarked plus the amount of collateral deposited with the broker as margin equals the current market value of the securities sold short.
The
Fund also may engage in short sales if at the time of the short sale the Fund owns or has the right to obtain without additional cost an equal amount of the security
being sold short. This investment technique is known as a short sale “against the box.” The Fund does not intend to engage in short sales against the box for
investment purposes. The Fund may, however, make a short sale as a hedge, when it believes that the price of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a
security owned by the Fund (or a security convertible or exchangeable for such security), or when the Fund wants to sell the security at an attractive current price. In such case, any future losses in the Fund’s long position should be offset by a gain in the short position and, conversely, any gain in the long position should be reduced by a loss in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses are reduced will depend upon the amount of the security sold short relative to the amount the Fund owns. There will be certain additional transaction costs associated with short sales against the box. For tax purposes a Fund that enters into a short sale “against the box” may be treated as having made a constructive sale of an “appreciated financial position” causing the Fund to realize a gain (but not a loss).
Short-Term Instruments
The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments. Short-term instruments may include the following types of instruments:
•shares of money market mutual funds, including those that may be advised by the
Fund’s portfolio management;
•obligations issued or guaranteed as to interest and principal by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities, or any federally chartered corporation;
•obligations of sovereign
foreign governments, their agencies, instrumentalities and political subdivisions;
•obligations of municipalities and states, their agencies and political subdivisions;
•high-quality asset-backed commercial paper;
•repurchase
agreements;
•bank or savings and loan
obligations;
•high-quality commercial paper (including asset-backed
commercial paper), which are short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. It also may be issued by foreign
issuers, such as foreign governments, states and municipalities;
•high-quality bank loan participation agreements representing
obligations of corporations having a high-quality short-term rating, at the date of investment, and under which the Fund will look to the creditworthiness of the lender
bank, which is obligated to make payments of principal and interest on the loan, as well as to creditworthiness of the borrower;
•high-quality short-term
corporate obligations;
•certain variable-rate and floating-rate securities with maturities longer than 397 days, but which are subject to interest rate resetting provisions and demand features within 397 days;
•extendable commercial notes, which differ from traditional
commercial paper because the issuer can extend the maturity of the note up to 397 days with the option to call the note any time during the extension period. Because
extension will occur when the issuer does not have other viable options for lending, these notes may be considered illiquid, particularly during the extension period; and
•unrated short-term debt obligations that are determined by the Fund’s portfolio management to be of comparable quality to the securities described above.
Bank Obligations. Bank obligations include certificates of deposit,
bankers’ acceptances and fixed time deposits. A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in
the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis. A bankers’ acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction. The borrower is liable for payment as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. banks or foreign banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest. Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party.
Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation. Bank obligations may be issued by domestic banks (including their branches located outside the United States), domestic and foreign branches of foreign banks and savings and loan associations.
Eurodollar and Yankee Obligations. Eurodollar bank obligations are
dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee bank
obligations are dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks.
Eurodollar and Yankee bank obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic
issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee) bank obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks and other risks associated with foreign investments. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from flowing across their borders. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issues. However, Eurodollar and Yankee bank obligations held in the Fund will undergo the same credit analysis as domestic issuers in which the Fund invests, and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for the Fund.
Small- and Medium-Cap Companies and Emerging Growth Stocks
The Fund may invest in small- and medium-cap companies and emerging growth stocks. Investing in securities of small-sized companies, including micro-capitalization companies and emerging growth companies, may involve greater risks than investing in the stocks of larger, more established companies, including possible risk of loss. Also, because these securities may have limited marketability, their prices may be more volatile than securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. Because small-sized, medium-cap and emerging growth companies normally have fewer shares outstanding than larger companies, it may be more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant numbers of such shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Small-sized and emerging growth companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth. In addition, small-sized, medium-cap and emerging growth companies are typically subject to wider variations in earnings and business prospects than are larger, more established companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small-sized, medium-cap and emerging growth companies than for larger, more established ones.
Temporary Investments
The Fund generally will be fully invested in accordance with its investment objective and
strategies. However, pending investment of cash balances, in anticipation of redemptions or for other cash management purposes, or if the Fund’s subadviser believes that business, economic, political or financial conditions warrant, the Fund may invest without limit in high-quality fixed-income securities, cash or money market cash equivalents, as described herein and, subject to the limits of the 1940 Act, shares of other investment companies that invest in securities in which the Fund may invest. Should this occur, the Fund will not be pursuing its investment objective and may miss potential market upswings. See also “Short-Term Instruments.”
U.S. Government Securities and U.S. Government Agency Securities
The Fund may invest in a variety of securities which are issued or guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government (including U.S. Treasury securities), and by various agencies or instrumentalities which have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. The Fund also may invest in U.S. Treasury securities.
U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United
States. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of
the United States. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, investors in such securities look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment. Agencies which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States include the Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Financing Bank, and others. Certain agencies and
instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), are, in effect, backed by the full faith and credit of the United States through provisions in their charters that they may make “indefinite and unlimited” drawings on the U.S. Treasury if needed to service their debt. Debt from certain other agencies and instrumentalities, including the Federal Home Loan Banks and Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), are not guaranteed by the United States, but those institutions are protected by the discretionary authority for the U.S. Treasury to purchase certain amounts of their securities to assist the institutions in meeting their debt obligations. Finally, other agencies and instrumentalities, such as the
Farm Credit System and the Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), are federally chartered institutions under U.S. government supervision, but their debt securities are backed only by the
creditworthiness of those institutions, not the U.S. government.
Some of the U.S. government agencies that issue or guarantee securities include
the Export-Import Bank of the United States, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
An instrumentality of a U.S. government agency is a government agency organized under Federal
charter with government supervision. Instrumentalities issuing or guaranteeing securities include, among others, Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Land Banks, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and FNMA.
The maturities of such securities usually range from three months to 30 years. While such
securities may be guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or its instrumentalities, their market values may fluctuate and are not guaranteed, which may, along with the other securities in the Fund’s portfolio, cause the Fund’s daily net asset value to fluctuate.
The
Federal Reserve creates STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) by separating the coupon payments and the principal payment from an
outstanding Treasury security and selling them as individual securities. To the extent the Fund purchases the principal portion of STRIPS, the Fund will not receive
regular interest payments. Instead STRIPS are sold at a deep discount from their face value. Because the principal portion of the STRIPS does not pay current income, its price can be volatile when interest rates change. In calculating its dividend, the Fund takes into account as income a portion of the difference between the principal portion of the STRIPS’ purchase price and its face value.
In
September 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Administration (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHLMC into a conservatorship under FHFA.
As conservator, the FHFA assumed all the powers of the shareholders, directors, and officers, with the goal of preserving and conserving the assets and property of FNMA
and FHLMC. However, FNMA and FHLMC continue to operate legally as business corporations and FHFA has delegated to the Chief Executive Officers and Boards of Directors responsibility for much of the day-to-day operations of the companies. FNMA and FHLMC must follow the laws and regulations governing financial disclosure, including SEC requirements. The long-term effect that this conservatorship will have on these companies’ debt and equity securities is unclear. The total public debt of the United States and other countries around the globe as a percent of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008 financial downturn and has accelerated in connection with the U.S. government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may drive debt cost higher and cause a country to sell additional debt, thereby increasing refinancing risk. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due.
Unsustainable debt levels can cause devaluations of currency, prevent a government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy in economic downturns, and contribute to market volatility. In addition, the high and rising national debt may adversely impact the U.S. economy and securities in which the Funds may invest. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could: increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities; cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded or increase volatility in both stock and bond markets; result in higher interest rates; reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities; and/or increase the costs of certain kinds of debt.
Inflation-Protected Bonds. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities
(“TIPS”) are fixed-income securities issued by the U.S. Treasury whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. The U.S.
Treasury uses a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of five, 10 or 30 years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. TIPS bonds typically pay interest on a semiannual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted amount.
If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real
interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
Investors in an inflation-indexed mutual fund who do not reinvest the portion of the income distribution that is attributable to inflation adjustments will not maintain the purchasing power of the investment over the long term. This is because interest earned depends on the amount of principal invested, and that principal will not grow with inflation if the investor fails to reinvest the principal adjustment paid out as part of a fund’s income distributions.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends,
short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed securities issued by a foreign government generally are adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.
Warrants and Rights
The Fund may invest in or hold warrants and rights. Warrants are securities giving the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy the stock of an issuer at a given price (generally higher than the value of the stock at the time of issuance), on a specified date, during a specified period, or perpetually. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have a shorter duration. Warrants and rights may be acquired separately or in connection with the acquisition of securities. Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant or right ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the year by the monthly average value of the portfolio securities, excluding securities whose maturities at the time of purchase were one year or less. High portfolio turnover rates will generally result in higher brokerage expenses, and may increase the volatility of the Fund.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not yet commenced operations, and thus no portfolio turnover rate information is provided.
Investment Restrictions
The following are fundamental investment restrictions for the Fund which cannot be changed without the vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund for which a change is proposed. The vote of the majority of the outstanding securities means the vote of (i) 67% or more of the voting securities present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy or (ii) a majority of the outstanding voting securities, whichever is less.
The Fund:
•May not lend any security or make any other loan except that the Fund may, in accordance with its investment objective and policies, (i) lend portfolio securities, (ii) purchase and hold debt securities or other debt instruments, including but not limited to loan participations and subparticipations, assignments, and structured securities, (iii) make loans secured by mortgages on real property, (iv) enter into repurchase agreements, and (v) make time deposits with financial institutions and invest in instruments issued by financial institutions, and enter into any other lending arrangement as and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rule, order or interpretation thereunder.
•May not purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund
may (i) acquire real estate through ownership of securities or instruments and sell any real estate acquired thereby, (ii) purchase or sell instruments secured by real
estate (including interests therein), and (iii) purchase or sell securities issued by entities or investment vehicles that own or deal in real estate (including interests therein).
•May not borrow money or issue senior securities, except that
the Fund may sell securities short, enter into reverse repurchase agreements and may otherwise borrow money and issue senior securities as and to the extent permitted by
the 1940 Act or any rule, order or interpretation thereunder.
•May not purchase or sell commodities or commodities
contracts, except to the extent disclosed in the current Prospectus or SAI of the Fund.
•May not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s
securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio
securities.
•May not purchase securities of any one issuer, other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, if, immediately after such purchase, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in such issuer or the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, except that 25% or less of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such limitations. There is no limit to the percentage of assets that may be invested in U.S. Treasury bills, notes, or other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
•May not purchase the securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 25% (taken at current value) of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers, the principal activities of which are in the same industry. This limitation does not apply to securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
The following are the non-fundamental operating policies of the Fund, which
may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval:
The Fund may not:
•Sell securities short unless it covers such short sales or
segregates or earmarks liquid assets as required by the current rules and positions of the SEC or its staff, and provided that short positions in forward currency
contracts, options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, or other derivative instruments are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.
•Purchase securities on margin, except that the Fund may use margin to the extent necessary to engage in short sales of securities and to obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions; and provided that margin deposits in connection with options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and transactions in currencies or other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin.
•Purchase or otherwise acquire any security if, as a result,
more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in securities that are illiquid. If any percentage restriction or requirement described above is satisfied at the time
of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in net asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction or requirement. However, should a change in net asset value or other external events cause the Fund’s
investments in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements with maturities in
excess of seven days, to exceed the limit set forth above for the Fund’s investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of
such securities to come within such limit as soon as is reasonably practicable. In such an event, however, the Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.
•Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate any assets owned by the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with permissible borrowings or investments and then such pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating may not exceed 33 1∕3% of the Fund’s
total assets.
•Purchase securities of other investment companies except in
connection with a merger, consolidation, acquisition, reorganization or offer of exchange, or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act.
The Fund’s obligation not to pledge, mortgage, or hypothecate assets in excess of
33 1∕3% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to permissible borrowings or investments, as described above, is a continuing obligation and such asset segregation and coverage must be maintained on an ongoing basis. For any other percentage restriction or requirement described above that is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in net asset value will not constitute a violation of such restriction or requirement. However, should a change in net asset value or other external events cause the Fund’s investments in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, to exceed the limit set forth above for the Fund’s investment in illiquid securities, the Fund will act to cause the aggregate amount of such securities to come within such limit as soon as reasonably practicable. In such event, however, the Fund would not be required to liquidate any portfolio securities where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of such securities.
The
Fund has adopted a non-fundamental policy, as required by Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% its net assets in the type of
investment suggested by its name (“80 Percent Policy”). The scope of the 80 Percent Policy includes fund names suggesting that the Fund focuses its
investments in: (i) a particular type of investment or investments; (ii) a particular industry or group of industries; or (iii) certain countries or geographic regions.
For purposes of the 80 Percent Policy, 80% of the Fund’s net assets shall mean 80% of the Fund’s net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. The Fund also has adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such investment policy.
Internal Revenue Code Restrictions
In addition to the investment restrictions above, the Fund must be diversified according to Internal Revenue Code requirements. Specifically, at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies), or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”).
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings
The Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to protect the interests of Fund shareholders and to address potential conflicts of interest that could arise between the interests of Fund shareholders and the interests of the Fund's investment adviser, principal underwriter or affiliated persons of the Fund's investment adviser or principal underwriter. The Trust’s overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Trust will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
The policies and procedures are applicable to NFA and any subadviser to the Fund. Pursuant to
the policy, the Fund, NFA, any subadviser, and any service provider acting on their behalf are obligated to:
•Act in the best interests of Fund shareholders by protecting non-public and potentially material portfolio holdings information;
•Ensure that portfolio
holdings information is not provided to a favored group of clients or potential clients; and
•Adopt such safeguards and controls around the release of
client information so that no client or group of clients is unfairly disadvantaged as a result of such release.
Portfolio holdings information that is not publicly available will be released selectively only
pursuant to the exceptions described below. In most cases, even where an exception applies, the release of portfolio holdings is strictly prohibited until the information is at least 15 calendar days old. Nevertheless, NFA’s Leadership Team or its duly authorized delegate may authorize, where circumstances dictate, the release of more current portfolio holdings information.
The Fund discloses its complete portfolio holdings information to the SEC using Form N-PORT
within 60 days of the end of the third month of the first and third quarters of the Fund's fiscal year and on Form N-CSR on the second and fourth quarters of the Fund's fiscal year. Shareholders receive either complete portfolio holdings information or summaries of Fund portfolio holdings with their annual and semiannual reports.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy described above can only be authorized by NFA’s Leadership Team or its duly authorized delegate and will be made only when:
•the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for
releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public;
•the recipient of the information provides written assurances that the non-public portfolio holdings information will remain confidential and that persons with access to the information will be prohibited from trading based on the information; and
•the release of such information would not otherwise violate
the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or the Fund's fiduciary duties.
Under this policy, the receipt of compensation by the Fund, NFA, a subadviser, or an affiliate as consideration for disclosing non-public portfolio holdings information will not be deemed a legitimate business purpose.
The Fund has ongoing arrangements to distribute information about the Fund's portfolio holdings
to the Fund's third-party service providers described herein (e.g., investment adviser, subadvisers, registered independent public accounting firm, administrator, transfer agent, sub-administrator, sub-transfer agent, custodian and legal counsel) as well as Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; Wolters Kluwer Financial Services, Inc. (GainsKeeper); SunGard Financial Systems (Wall Street Concepts); Style Research, Inc.; Ernst & Young, LLP; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Lipper Inc., Morningstar, Inc.; Bloomberg LP; Global Trading Analytics; RiskMetrics Group, Inc.; FactSet Research Systems, Inc.; the Investment Company Institute; ICE Data Pricing & Reference Data LLC; and, on occasion, to transition managers such as BlackRock Institutional Trust Company; Fidelity Capital Markets (a division of National Financial Services, LLC); Capital Institutional Services; State Street Bank and Trust Company; Electra Information Systems; Virtu Americas LLC; or Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc., where such transition manager provides portfolio transition management assistance (e.g., upon change of subadviser, etc.). These organizations are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to the Fund. No compensation or other consideration is received by the Fund, NFA or any other party in connection with each such ongoing arrangement.
NFA
conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer provides annually a report to the Board of Trustees regarding the
operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. NFA’s compliance staff also will submit annually to the Board of Trustees a
list of exceptions granted to the policy, including an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that was served as a result of the
exception.
Trustees and Officers of the
Trust
Management Information
Each Trustee who is deemed an “interested person,” as such term is defined in the
1940 Act, is referred to as an “Interested Trustee.” Those Trustees who are not “interested persons,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, are
referred to as “Independent Trustees.” The name, year of birth, position and length of time served with the Trust, number of portfolios overseen, principal occupation(s) and other directorships/trusteeships held during the past five years, and additional
information related to experience,
qualifications, attributes, and skills of each Trustee and Officer are shown below. There are 49 series of the Trust, all of which are overseen by the Board of Trustees
and Officers of the Trust. The address for each Trustee and Officer is c/o Nationwide Funds Group, One Nationwide Plaza, Mail Code 5-02-210, Columbus, OH
43215.
Independent Trustees
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Positions Held with Trust and
|
Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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|
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Ms. Cholmondeley focuses full time on corporate
governance. She sits on public company boards and is also on the faculty of the National Association of Corporate Directors. She has served as a Chief Executive Officer of Sorrel Group
(management consulting company) since January 2004. From April 2000 through
December 2003, Ms. Cholmondeley was Vice President and General
Manager of Sappi Fine Paper North America. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Director of Dentsply International, Inc. (dental products) from 2002 to 2016,
Terex Corporation (construction equipment) from 2004 to
present, Bank of the Ozarks from 2016 to present, and Kapstone Paper and Packaging Corporation from 2016 to 2018. |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Ms. Cholmondeley has significant board and governance
experience; significant executive experience, including
continuing service as chief executive officer of a management consulting
company and past service as an executive of a
manufacturing-based public company and past experience as an executive in a
private service-based company. Ms. Cholmondeley is a former
certified public accountant and former chief financial officer of both public and private companies. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
|
Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since January 2021 |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Davis has been a Managing Partner of College Hill
Capital Partners, LLC (private equity) since June 2016. From
September 1998 until May 2016, Mr. Davis originated and managed debt and
equity investments for John Hancock Life Insurance Company
(U.S.A.)/Hancock Capital Management, LLC, serving as a Managing Director from September 2003 through May 2016. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Board Member of Outlook Group Holdings, LLC from July 2006 to May 2016,
serving as Chair to the Audit committee and member of the
Compensation committee, Board Member of MA Holdings, LLC from November 2006 to October 2015, Board Member of IntegraColor, Ltd. from February 2007 to September 2015, Board Member of The Pine Street Inn
from 2009 to present, currently serving as Treasurer and Chair of the Audit
and Finance Committee, and Member of the Advisory Board
(non-fiduciary) of Mearthane Products Corporation from September 2019 to present. |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Mr. Davis has significant board experience;
significant past service at a large asset management company and significant experience in the investment management industry. Mr. Davis is a Chartered Financial Analyst and earned a Certificate of
Director Education from the National Association of Corporate Directors in
2008. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since December 2004 |
|
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Ms. Dryden became President of Energy Dispute Solutions,
LLC in December 2012, and since 2016 has acted as CEO, leading
a company providing strategy consulting, arbitration, and mediation services. She has been a management consultant since 1996, first as a partner of Mitchell Madison Group (management consulting), then as a managing partner
and head of west coast business development for marchFIRST (internet
consulting), returning to Mitchell Madison Group in 2003 as an
associated partner until January 2010 and thereafter as an independent strategy consultant through December 2012. Ms. Dryden was VP and General Counsel of Lucasfilm, Ltd. from 1981 to 1984, SVP and General Counsel of
Charles Schwab and Co. Inc. from 1984 to 1992, and EVP and General Counsel of
Del Monte Foods from 1992 to 1995. She presently serves as
chairman of the board of Mutual Fund Directors Forum. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Director and Vice-Chair of Smithsonian Institution Environmental Research
Board from 2016 to present, and Director of Smithsonian
Institution Libraries Board from 2007 to 2015. |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Ms. Dryden has significant board experience and
significant executive, management consulting, and legal experience, including past service as general counsel for a major financial services firm and a public company. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since December 2004 |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Retired. From 1988 through 2003, Ms. Jacobs was a
Managing Director and European Portfolio Manager of CREF
Investments (Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association—College
Retirement Equities Fund). Ms. Jacobs also served as Chairman
of the Board of Directors of KICAP Network Fund, a European (United Kingdom) hedge fund, from January 2001 through January 2006. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Trustee and Board Chair of Project Lede from 2013 to present.
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Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Ms. Jacobs has significant board experience and
significant executive and portfolio management experience in the
investment management industry. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since March 2012; Chairman
since January 2021 |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Karlawish has been a partner of Park Ridge Asset
Management, LLC since December 2008, at which he also serves as
a portfolio manager. From May 2002 until October 2008, Mr. Karlawish was the
President of BB&T Asset Management, Inc., and was President
of the BB&T Mutual Funds and BB&T Variable Insurance Funds from February 2005 until October 2008. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
None |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Mr. Karlawish has significant board experience,
including past service on the boards of BB&T Mutual Funds and BB&T Variable Insurance Funds; significant executive experience, including past service at a large asset management company
and significant experience in the investment management
industry. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Retired. Ms. Kosel was a consultant to the Evergreen
Funds Board of Trustees from October 2005 to December 2007. She
was Senior Vice President, Treasurer, and Head of Fund Administration of the
Evergreen Funds from April 1997 to October 2005.
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Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
None |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Ms. Kosel has significant board experience, including
past service on the boards of Evergreen Funds and Sun Capital
Advisers Trust; significant executive experience, including past service at a
large asset management company and significant experience in
the investment management industry. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since September 1997 |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Since 2002, Mr. Kridler has served as the President and
Chief Executive Officer of The Columbus Foundation, a $2.5
billion community foundation with 2,000 funds in 55 Ohio counties and 37 states in the U.S. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
None |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Mr. Kridler has significant board experience;
significant executive experience, including service as president and chief executive officer of one of America’s largest community foundations and significant service to his community and the
philanthropic field in numerous leadership roles. |
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Trustee since January 2021 |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Wezdenko is a Co-Founder of Blue Leaf Ventures
(venture capital firm, founded May 2018). From November 2008
until December 2017, Mr. Wezdenko was Managing Director of JPMorgan Chase
& Co. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Board Director of J.P. Morgan Private Placements LLC from January 2010 to
December 2017. |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Mr. Wezdenko has significant board experience;
significant past service at a large asset and wealth management company and significant experience in the investment management industry. |
Interested Trustee
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Positions Held with Trust and
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Number of Portfolios Overseen in
the Nationwide Fund Complex |
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Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Self-employed as a legal/regulatory consultant since
2007. Ms. Koken served as Insurance Commissioner of Pennsylvania,
for three governors, from 1997–2007, and as the President of the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) from
September 2004 to December 2005. Prior to becoming Insurance Commissioner of Pennsylvania, she held multiple legal roles, including vice president, general counsel and corporate secretary of a national life insurance company. |
Other Directorships held During the Past Five Years2
Director of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company 2007-present, Director of
Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company 2007-present, Director
of Nationwide Corporation 2007-present, Director of Capital BlueCross 2011-present, Director of NORCAL Mutual Insurance Company 2009-2021, Director of Medicus Insurance Company 2009-present, Director of
Hershey Trust Company 2015-present, Manager of Milton Hershey School Board of
Managers 2015-present, Director and Chair of Hershey Foundation
2016-present, and Director of The Hershey Company 2017-present. |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, and Skills for Board
Membership Ms. Koken has significant board experience and
significant executive, legal and regulatory experience, including past service as a cabinet-level state insurance commissioner and general counsel of a national life insurance company. |
1 Length of time served includes time served with the Trust’s predecessors.
The tenure of each Trustee is subject to the Board’s retirement policy, which states that a Trustee shall retire from the Boards of Trustees of the Trusts effective
on December 31 of the calendar year during which he or she turns 75 years of age; provided this policy does not apply to a person who became a Trustee prior to September
11, 2019.
2 Directorships held in: (1) any other investment companies registered under the
1940 Act, (2) any company with a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”),
or (3) any company subject to the requirements of Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, which are required to be disclosed in this SAI. In addition, certain other
directorships not meeting the aforementioned requirements may be included for certain Trustees such as board positions on non-profit organizations.
3 Ms. Koken is considered an interested person of the Trust because she is a Director of the parent company of, and several affiliates of, the Trust’s investment adviser and distributor.
Officers of the Trust
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer since
June 2008 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Spangler is President and Chief Executive Officer of
Nationwide Funds Group, which includes NFA, Nationwide Fund
Management LLC and Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC, and is a Senior Vice
President of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. and Nationwide
Mutual Insurance Company. He is also the President of Nationwide Securities, LLC.2
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer since December
2021 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Grether is Senior Vice President of NFA and Chief
Compliance Officer of NFA and the Trust. He is also a Vice
President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company.2 He previously served as the VP,
Chief Compliance Officer for the Nationwide Office of
Investments and its registered investment adviser, Nationwide Asset Management. |
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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Secretary, Senior Vice President and General Counsel since December
2019 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Rimes is Vice President, Associate General Counsel
and Secretary for Nationwide Funds Group, and Vice President of
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company.2 He previously served as Assistant
General Counsel for Invesco from 2000-2019. |
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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Senior Vice President, Head of Fund Operations since December 2015;
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer since July
2020 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Cummings is Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Operations of Nationwide Funds Group, and is a Vice President of
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company.2 |
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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Senior Vice President, Head of Business and Product Development since
March 2020 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Pierce is Senior Vice President, Head of Business
and Product Development for Nationwide Funds Group, and is a Vice
President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company.2 |
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Positions Held with Funds and Length of Time
Served1 |
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Senior Vice President, Head of Investment Strategies, Chief Investment
Officer and Portfolio Manager since September
2016 |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years (or
Longer) Mr. Graham is Senior Vice President, Head of Investment
Strategies and Portfolio Manager for the Nationwide Funds
Group, and is a Vice President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company.2 |
1 Length of time served includes time served with the Trust’s
predecessors.
2 These positions are held with an affiliated person or principal underwriter of the Fund.
Responsibilities of the Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has oversight responsibility for the conduct of
the affairs of the Trust. The Board approves policies and procedures regarding the operation of the Trust, regularly receives and reviews reports from NFA regarding the implementation of such policies and procedures, and elects the Officers of the Trust to perform the daily functions of the Trust. The Chairman of the Board is an Independent Trustee.
Board Leadership Structure
The Board approves financial arrangements and other agreements between the Fund, on the one hand, and NFA, any subadvisers or other affiliated parties, on the other hand. The Independent Trustees meet regularly as a group in executive session and with independent legal counsel. The Board has determined that the efficient conduct of the Board’s affairs makes it desirable to delegate responsibility for certain specific matters to Committees of the Board (“Committees”), as described below. The Committees meet as often as necessary, either in conjunction with regular meetings of the Board or otherwise. The membership and chair of each Committee are appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Nominating and Fund Governance Committee.
This structure is reviewed by the Board periodically, and the Board believes it to be appropriate and effective. The Board also completes an annual self-assessment during which it reviews its leadership and Committee structure, and considers whether its structure remains appropriate in light of the Fund's current operations.
Each Trustee shall hold office for the lifetime of the Trust or until such Trustee’s earlier death, resignation, removal, retirement, or inability otherwise to serve, or, if sooner than any of such events, until the next meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees or consent of shareholders in lieu thereof for the election of Trustees, and until the election and qualification of his or her successor. The Board may fill any vacancy on the Board provided that, after such appointment, at least two-thirds of the Trustees have been elected by shareholders. Any Trustee may be removed by the Board, with or without cause, by action of a majority of the Trustees then in office, or by a vote of shareholders at any meeting called for that purpose. In addition to conducting an annual self-assessment, the Board completes biennial peer evaluations, which focus on the performance and effectiveness of the individual members of the Board.
The Officers of the Trust are appointed by the Board, or, to the extent permitted by the
Trust’s By-laws, by the President of the Trust, and each shall serve at the pleasure of the Board, or, to the extent permitted by the Trust’s By-laws, and
except for the Chief Compliance Officer, at the pleasure of the President of the Trust, subject to the rights, if any, of an Officer under any contract of employment. The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer must be approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees. Subject to the rights, if any, of an Officer under any contract of employment, any Officer may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board at any regular or special meeting of the Board, or, to the extent permitted by the Trust’s By-laws, by the President of the Trust; provided, that only the Board may remove, with or without cause, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
Board Oversight of Trust Risk
The Board’s role is one of oversight, including oversight of the Fund's risks, rather
than active management. The Trustees believe that the Board’s Committee structure enhances the Board’s ability to focus on the oversight of risk as part of
its broader oversight of the Fund's affairs. While risk management is the primary responsibility of NFA and the Fund's subadvisers, the Trustees regularly receive reports from NFA, Nationwide Fund Management LLC (“NFM”), and various service providers, including the subadvisers, regarding investment risks and compliance risks. The Committee structure allows separate Committees to focus on different aspects of these risks and their potential impact on some or all of the Funds and to discuss with NFA or the Funds’ subadvisers how they monitor and control such risks. In addition, the Officers of the Fund, all of whom are employees of NFA, including the President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Operating Officer, report to the Board and to the Chairs of its Committees on a variety of risk-related matters, including the risks inherent in each Officer’s area of responsibility, at regular meetings of the Board and on an ad hoc basis.
The Fund has retained NFA as the Fund's investment adviser and NFM as the Fund's administrator.
NFA and NFM are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Fund. NFA has delegated the day-to-day management of the investment activities of each Fund, with the exception of the Fund-of-Funds, to one or more subadvisers. NFA and NFM are primarily
responsible for the Fund's operations
and for supervising the services provided to the Fund by each service provider, including risk management services provided by the Fund's subadvisers, if any. The Board
also meets periodically with the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer to receive reports regarding the compliance of each Fund with the federal securities laws and the Fund’s internal compliance policies and procedures. The Board also reviews the Chief Compliance Officer’s annual report, including the Chief Compliance Officer’s compliance risk assessments for the Fund. The Board meets periodically with the portfolio managers of the Fund to receive reports regarding the management of the Fund, including the Fund’s investment risks.
Committees of the Board
The Board has three standing committees: Audit and Operations Committee, Nominating and Fund Governance Committee, and Investment Committee. The function of each Committee is oversight. In addition, each Committee may from time to time delegate certain of its functions to an ad hoc committee comprised of members of the Board that will report to the Committee or the Board with its
recommendations, as determined at the time of such delegation.
The purposes of the
Audit and Operations Committee are to: (a) oversee the Trust's accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, its internal controls and, as appropriate, the
internal controls of certain of its service providers; it is the intention of the Board that it is management’s responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for
accounting and internal control, and the independent auditors’ responsibility to plan and carry out a proper audit–the independent auditors are ultimately accountable to the Board and the Committee, as representatives of the Trust’s shareholders; (b) oversee the quality and integrity of the Trust's financial statements and the independent audit thereof, including periodic review of the performance of the independent auditors; (c) ascertain the independence of the Trust's independent auditors; (d) act as a liaison between the Trust's independent auditors and the Board; (e) approve the engagement of the Trust's independent auditors; (f) meet and consider the reports of the Trust's independent auditors; (g) oversee the Trust’s written policies and procedures adopted under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act and oversee the appointment and performance of the Trust’s designated Chief Compliance Officer; (h) review information provided to the Committee regarding SEC examinations of the Trust and its service providers; (i) to review and oversee the actions of the principal underwriter and investment advisers with respect to distribution of the Funds’ shares including the operation of the Trust’s 12b-1 Plans and Administrative Services Plans; (j) review and evaluate the transfer agency services, administrative services, custody services, and such other services as may be assigned from time to time to the Committee by the Board; (k) assist the Board in the design and oversight of the process for reviewing and evaluating payments made from the assets of any of the Funds to financial intermediaries for sub-transfer agency services, shareholder services, administrative services, and similar services; (l) assist the board in its oversight and evaluation of policies, procedures, and activities of the Trust and of service providers to the Trust relating to cybersecurity and data security; (m) review and evaluate the services received by the Trust in respect of, and the Trust’s contractual arrangements relating to, securities lending services; (n) assist the Board in its review, consideration and oversight of any credit facilities entered into for the benefit of the Trust or any of the Funds and the use thereof by the Funds, including any interfund lending facility; (o) assist the Board in its review and consideration of insurance coverages to be obtained by or for the benefit of the Trust or the Trustees of the Trust; and (p) undertake such other responsibilities as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board. The Audit Committee (the predecessor to the Audit and Operations Committee) met five times during the past fiscal year, and currently consists of the following Trustees: Ms. Dryden, Mr. Karlawish, Ms. Kosel (Chair) and Mr. Wezdenko, each of whom is not an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act.
The purposes of the Nominating and Fund Governance Committee are to: (a) assist the Board in its review and oversight of governance matters; (b) assist the Board with the selection and nomination of candidates to serve on the Board; (c) oversee legal counsel; (d) assist the Board in its review and oversight of shareholder communications to the Board; and (e) undertake such other responsibilities as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board. The Nominating and Fund Governance Committee met four times during the past fiscal year, and currently consists of all the Independent Trustees.
The Nominating and Fund Governance Committee has adopted procedures regarding its review of
recommendations for trustee nominees, including those recommendations presented by shareholders. When considering whether to add additional or substitute trustees to the Board, the Trustees shall take into account any proposals for candidates that are properly submitted to the Trust's Secretary. Shareholders wishing to present one or more candidates for trustee for consideration may do so by submitting a signed written request to the Trust's Secretary at Attn: Secretary, Nationwide Mutual Funds, One Nationwide Plaza, Mail Code 5-02-210, Columbus, OH 43215, which includes the following information: (i) name and address of the shareholder and, if applicable, name of broker or record holder; (ii) number of shares owned; (iii) name of Fund(s) in which shares are owned; (iv) whether the proposed candidate(s) consent to being identified in any proxy statement
utilized in connection with the election
of Trustees; (v) the name, background information, and qualifications of the proposed candidate(s); and (vi) a representation that the candidate or candidates are willing
to provide additional information about themselves, including assurances as to their independence.
The purposes of the Investment Committee are to: (a) assist the Board in its review and
oversight of the Funds’ performance; (b) assist the Board in the design and oversight of the process for the renewal and amendment of the Funds' investment advisory and subadvisory contracts subject to the requirements of Section 15 of the 1940 Act; (c) assist the Board in its oversight of a liquidity risk management program for the Funds pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act; (d) assist the Board in its review and oversight of the valuation of the Trust’s portfolio assets; (e) assist the Board with its review and oversight of the implementation and operation of the Trust’s various policies and procedures relating to money market funds under Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; (f) review and oversee the investment advisers’ brokerage practices, including the use of “soft dollars”; (g) assist the Board with its review and oversight of the implementation and operation of the Trust’s various policies and procedures relating to transactions involving affiliated persons of a Trust, or affiliated persons of such affiliated persons; (h) assist the Board in its review and oversight of proxy voting by the series of the Trust; and (i) undertake such other responsibilities as may be delegated to the Committee by the Board. The Investment Committee met four times during the past fiscal year, and currently consists of the following Trustees: Ms. Cholmondeley, Mr. Davis, Ms. Jacobs, and Mr. Kridler (Chair), each of whom is not an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, and Ms. Koken, who is an interested person of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act.
Ownership of Shares of Nationwide Mutual Funds as of December 31, 2021
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Dollar Range of Equity Securities and/or
Shares in the Funds |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities
and/or Shares in All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of
Investment Companies |
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Ownership in the Fund's Investment Adviser1, Subadvisers2 or Distributor3 as of December 31, 2021
Trustees who are not Interested Persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust
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Name of Owners and
Relationships to Trustee |
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Title of Class
of Security |
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1 Nationwide Fund Advisors.
2 As of December 31, 2021, subadvisers to the Trust included: Aberdeen Standard Alternative Funds Limited; Allianz Global Investors U.S. LLC; American Century Investment Management Inc.; Amundi Asset Management US, Inc.; Bailard, Inc.; BlackRock Investment Management, LLC; Brown Capital Management, LLC; Diamond Hill Capital Management, Inc.; Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies, a division of BNY Mellon Investment Adviser, Inc.; Geneva Capital Management LLC; Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P.; GQG Partners LLC; Janus Henderson Investors US LLC; Loomis, Sayles &
Company, L.P.; Mellon Investments Corporation; Nationwide Asset Management, LLC; Newton Investment Management North America, LLC; Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC; UBS Asset Management (Americas) Inc.; WCM Investment Management; Wellington Management Company LLP; and Western Asset Management Company, LLC.
3 Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC or any company, other than an investment company,
that controls a Fund’s adviser or distributor.
Compensation of Trustees
The Independent Trustees receive fees and reimbursement for expenses of attending board meetings from the Trust. The Compensation Table below sets forth the total compensation paid to the Independent Trustees, before reimbursement of any expenses incurred by them, for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021. In addition, the Compensation Table sets forth the total compensation paid to the Independent Trustees from all the funds in the Fund Complex for the twelve months ended October 31, 2021. Trust officers receive no compensation from the Trust in their capacity as officers. The Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser pays the fees, if any, and expenses of any Trustees who are interested persons of the Trust. Accordingly, Ms. Koken was not compensated by the funds in the Fund Complex and, therefore, is not included in the Compensation Table below.
The Trust does not maintain any pension or retirement plans for the Officers or Trustees of the Trust.
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Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust |
Pension
Retirement
Benefits Accrued
as Part of Trust
Expenses |
Estimated Annual
Benefits Upon
Retirement |
Total Compensation
from the Fund
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1 As of October 31, 2021, the Fund Complex included two trusts comprised of 130
investment company funds or series.
Each of the Trustees and officers and their families are eligible to purchase Class A shares at
net asset value without any sales charge. Each Trustee is also eligible to purchase Class R6 shares at net asset value. Class R6 shares are sold without a sales charge and are not subject to Rule 12b-1 fees or administrative services fees.
Code of Ethics
Federal law requires the Trust, each of its investment advisers and subadvisers, and its principal underwriter to adopt codes of ethics which govern the personal securities transactions of their respective personnel. Accordingly, each such entity has adopted a code of ethics pursuant to which their respective personnel may invest in securities for their personal accounts (including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust). Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC and are available to the public.
Proxy Voting Guidelines
Federal law requires the Trust and each of its investment advisers and subadvisers to adopt procedures for voting proxies (the “Proxy Voting Guidelines”) and to provide a summary of those Proxy Voting Guidelines used to vote the securities held by the Fund. The Fund's proxy voting policies and procedures and information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 are available without charge (i) upon request, by calling 800-848-0920, (ii) on the Funds' website at
https://www.nationwide.com/personal/investing/mutual-funds/proxy-voting/, or (iii) on the
SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The summary of such Proxy Voting Guidelines is attached as Appendix B to this SAI.
Investment Advisory and Other Services
Trust Expenses
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, pays the compensation of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as described in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and all expenses (other than those assumed by NFA), including governmental fees, interest charges, taxes, membership dues in the Investment Company Institute allocable to the Trust; investment advisory fees; fees under the Trust’s Fund Administration and Transfer Agency Agreement, which includes the expenses of calculating the Fund's net asset value; fees and expenses of independent certified public accountants and legal counsel of the Trust and to the Independent Trustees; expenses of preparing, printing, and mailing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements, and reports to governmental offices and commissions; expenses connected with the execution, recording, and settlement of portfolio security transactions; short sale dividend expenses; insurance premiums; fees and expenses of the custodian for all services to the Trust; expenses, if any, of shareholder meetings; and expenses relating to the issuance, registration, and qualification of shares of the Trust. NFA may, from time to time, agree to voluntarily or contractually waive advisory fees, and if necessary reimburse expenses, in order to limit total operating expenses for the Fund, as described below.
Investment Adviser
NFA, located at One Nationwide Plaza, 5-02-210, Columbus, OH 43215, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. (“NFS”), a holding company which is a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Nationwide Corporation. All of the common stock of Nationwide Corporation is held by Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company (95.2%) and Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company (4.8%), each of which is a mutual company owned by its policy holders.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Trust, NFA
manages the Fund in accordance with the policies and procedures established by the Board. NFA operates primarily as a “Manager-of-Managers” under which
NFA, rather than managing the Fund directly, instead oversees one or more subadvisers.
NFA provides investment management evaluation services in initially selecting and monitoring on an ongoing basis the performance of one or more subadvisers who manage the investment portfolio of the Fund. NFA is also authorized to select and place portfolio investments on behalf of the Fund; however, NFA does not intend to do so as a routine matter at this time. The Adviser and the Trust have received two exemptive orders from the SEC for a multimanager structure. The first order allows the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to hire, replace or terminate a subadviser (excluding hiring a subadviser which is an affiliate of the Adviser) without the approval of shareholders. The first order also allows the Adviser to revise a subadvisory agreement with an unaffiliated subadviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees but without shareholder approval. The second order allows the aforementioned approvals to be taken at a Board of Trustees meeting held via any means of communication that allows the Trustees to hear each other simultaneously during the meeting.
If a new unaffiliated subadviser is hired for the Fund, shareholders will receive information
about the new subadviser within 90 days of the change. The exemptive orders allow the Fund greater flexibility, enabling it to operate more efficiently.
NFA pays the compensation of the officers of the Trust employed by NFA and pays the
compensation and expenses of any Trustees who are interested persons of the Trust. NFA also furnishes, at its own expense, all necessary administrative services, office space, equipment, and clerical personnel for servicing the investments of the Trust and maintaining its investment advisory facilities, and executive and supervisory personnel for managing the investments and effecting the portfolio transactions of the Trust. In addition, NFA pays, out of its legitimate profits, broker-dealers, trust companies, transfer agents and other financial institutions in exchange for their selling of shares of the Trust’s series or for recordkeeping or other shareholder related services.
The Agreement also specifically provides that NFA, including its directors, officers, and employees, shall not be liable for any error of judgment, or mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment, or for any act or omission in the execution and management of the Trust, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement. The Agreement continues in effect for an initial period of no more than two years and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement or interested persons of any such party. The Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its “assignment,”
as defined under the 1940 Act. It may be
terminated at any time as to the Fund, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, by the Board of Trustees or NFA on not
more than 60 days’ written notice. The Agreement further provides that NFA may render similar services to others.
For services provided under the Agreement, NFA receives an annual fee paid monthly based on
average daily net assets of the Fund according to the following schedule:
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Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
0.93% on assets up to $200 million 0.73% on assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million
0.68% on assets of $500 million and more |
Limitation of Fund Expenses
In the interest of limiting the expenses of the Funds, NFA may from time to time waive some, or
all, of its investment advisory fee or reimburse other fees for any of the Funds. In this regard, NFA has entered into an expense limitation agreement with the Trust on behalf of certain of the Funds (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”). Pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement, NFA has agreed to waive or limit its fees and to assume other expenses to the extent necessary to limit the total annual operating expenses of each class of each such Fund to the limits described below. The waiver of such fees will cause the total return and yield of a Fund to be higher than they would otherwise be in the absence of such a waiver.
NFA may request and receive reimbursement from the Funds for the advisory fees waived or
limited and other expenses reimbursed by NFA pursuant to the Expense Limitation Agreement at a later date when a Fund has reached a sufficient asset size to permit reimbursement to be made without causing the total annual operating expense ratio of the Fund to exceed the limits that were in the Expense Limitation Agreement at the time that NFA waived the fees or reimbursed the expenses. No reimbursement will be made to a Fund unless: (i) such Fund’s assets exceed $100 million; (ii) the total annual expense ratio of the class making such reimbursement is less than the limit set forth above; and (iii) the payment of such reimbursement is made no more than three years from the date in which the corresponding waiver or reimbursement to the Fund was made. Except as provided for in the Expense Limitation Agreement, reimbursement of amounts previously waived or assumed by NFA is not permitted.
Until at least February 28, 2023, NFA has agreed contractually to waive advisory fees and, if necessary, reimburse expenses in order to limit total annual fund operating expenses, excluding any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions and other costs incurred in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, acquired fund fees and expenses, short sale dividend expenses, Rule 12b-1 fees, fees paid pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, fees paid to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as the Trust’s sub-administrator) related to the SEC’s Financial Reporting Modernization and Liquidity Risk Management Program Rules, as provided for in Amendment No. 10 to the Sub-Administration Agreement between
JPMorgan and Nationwide Fund Management LLC, dated July 1, 2018, other expenditures which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, expenses incurred by a Fund in connection with any merger or reorganization and may exclude other nonroutine expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business, for all share classes of the following Fund of the Trust:
•Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio to 0.49%
Investment Advisory Fees Paid
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI, and thus paid no investment
advisory fees.
Subadviser
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (“Jacobs Levy”) is subadviser to the Fund.
Jacobs Levy was established in 1986 as a New Jersey corporation and is located at 100 Campus Drive, Florham Park, NJ 07932. Jacobs Levy is an independent investment advisory firm registered with the SEC. Principals Bruce I. Jacobs and Kenneth N. Levy own Jacobs Levy.
Jacobs
Levy provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to a Subadvisory Agreement. The Subadvisory Agreement specifically provides that the subadviser shall not
be liable for its services under the Subadvisory Agreement, including for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of the Fund’s assets,
except for willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under such agreement.
After an initial period of not more than two years, the Subadvisory Agreement must be approved each year by the Trust’s Board of Trustees or by shareholders in order to continue. The Subadvisory Agreement may be terminated, at any time, without penalty, by vote of a majority of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, by “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), or by the Adviser, in each case, upon not more than 60 days’ written notice to the subadviser, or by the subadviser upon not less than 120 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Trust. The Subadvisory Agreement terminates automatically if it is assigned.
Subadvisory Fees Paid
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI, and NFA thus has paid no subadvisory fees with respect to the Fund.
Manager-of-Managers Structure
NFA and the Trust have received from the SEC two exemptive orders for a manager-of-managers structure. The first order allows NFA, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, to hire, replace or terminate unaffiliated subadvisers without the approval of shareholders. The first order also allows NFA to revise a subadvisory agreement with an unaffiliated subadviser without shareholder approval. The second order allows the aforementioned approvals to be taken at a Board of Trustees meeting held via any means of communication that allows the Trustees to hear each other simultaneously during the meeting. If a new unaffiliated subadviser is hired, the change will be communicated to shareholders within 90 days of such change, and all changes are subject to approval by the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or NFA. The orders are intended to facilitate the efficient operation of the Fund and afford the Trust increased management flexibility.
Pursuant to the exemptive orders, NFA monitors and evaluates any subadvisers, which includes performing initial due diligence on prospective subadvisers for the Fund and thereafter monitoring the performance of the subadvisers through quantitative and qualitative analysis as well as periodic in-person, telephonic and written consultations with the subadvisers. NFA has responsibility for communicating performance expectations and evaluations to the subadviser and ultimately recommending to the Board of Trustees whether a subadviser’s contract should be renewed, modified or terminated; however, NFA does not expect to recommend changes of subadvisers frequently. NFA will regularly provide written reports to the Board of Trustees regarding the results of their evaluation and monitoring functions. Although NFA will monitor the performance of the subadvisers, there is no certainty that the subadvisers or the Fund will obtain favorable results at any given time.
Portfolio Managers
Appendix C contains the following information regarding the portfolio managers identified in
the Fund’s Prospectus: (i) the dollar range of the portfolio manager’s investments in the Fund; (ii) a description of the portfolio manager’s
compensation structure; and (iii) information regarding other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and potential conflicts of interest that might arise from the management of multiple accounts.
Distributor
Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC (“NFD” or the “Distributor”), One Nationwide Plaza, Mail Code 5-02-210, Columbus, OH 43215, serves as underwriter for the Fund in the continuous distribution of its shares pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement dated May 1, 2007 (the “Underwriting Agreement”). Unless otherwise terminated, the Underwriting Agreement will continue for an initial period of two years and from year to year thereafter for successive annual periods, if, as to the Fund, such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the Underwriting Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Underwriting
Agreement, cast in person at a meeting
called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated in the event of any assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act. NFD is a
wholly owned subsidiary of NFS Distributors, Inc., which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of NFS. The following entities or people are affiliates of the Trust and are also affiliates of NFD:
Nationwide Fund Advisors
Nationwide Fund Management LLC
Nationwide Life Insurance Company
Nationwide Life and Annuity
Insurance Company
Jefferson National Life Insurance Company
Jefferson National Life Insurance Company of New York
Nationwide
Financial Services, Inc.
Nationwide Corporation
Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
Christopher
Graham
Kevin Grether
Michael S. Spangler
M. Diane Koken
Lee T. Cummings
Steven D. Pierce
Stephen R. Rimes
In its capacity as Distributor, NFD solicits orders for the sale of shares, advertises and pays
the costs of distributions, advertising, office space and the personnel involved in such activities. NFD receives no compensation under the Underwriting Agreement with the Trust, but may retain all or a portion of the 12b-1 fee, if any, imposed on sales of shares of the Fund.
Fund
Administration and Transfer Agency Services
Under the terms of the Joint
Fund Administration and Transfer Agency Agreement (the “Joint Administration Agreement”) dated May 1, 2010, Nationwide Fund Management LLC
(“NFM”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of NFS, provides various administration and accounting services to the Trust and Nationwide Variable
Insurance Trust (another trust also advised by NFA), including daily valuation of the Fund's shares, preparation of financial statements, tax returns, and regulatory reports, and presentation of quarterly reports to the Board of Trustees. NFM also serves as transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent for the Fund. NFM is located at One Nationwide Plaza, Mail Code 5-02-210, Columbus, OH 43215. Under the Joint Administration Agreement, NFM is paid an annual fee for fund administration and transfer agency services based on the sum of the following: (i) the amount payable by NFM to J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMorgan”) under the Sub-Administration Agreement between NFM and JPMorgan (see “Sub-Administration” below); and (ii) the amount payable by NFM to U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dba U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“US Bancorp”) under the Sub-Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between NFM and US Bancorp (see “Sub-Transfer Agency” below); and (iii) a percentage of the combined average daily net assets of the Trust and Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust. In addition, the Trust also pays out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by NFM in providing services to the Fund and Trust, including, but not limited to, the cost of pricing services that NFM utilizes.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations and thus has paid no fund
administration and transfer agency fees.
Securities Lending Agent
The Board of Trustees has approved certain Funds’ participation in a securities lending program. Under the securities lending program, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., serves as the Funds’ securities lending agent (the “Securities Lending Agent”).
As of the date of this SAI, the the Fund has not commenced operations and therefore has not
engaged in any securities lending activity.
Sub-Administration
NFM has entered into a Sub-Administration Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., dated May
22, 2009, to provide certain fund sub-administration services for the Fund. NFM pays JPMorgan a fee for these services.
Sub-Transfer Agency
NFM has entered into a Sub-Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement with U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dba U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, dated September 1, 2012, to provide certain sub-transfer agency services for the Fund. NFM pays US Bancorp a fee for these services.
Custodian
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 270 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10008, is the custodian for the Fund and makes all receipts and disbursements under a Global Custody Agreement. The custodian performs no managerial or policy-making functions for the Fund.
Legal Counsel
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2000 K Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20006-1871, serves as the Trust’s legal counsel.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP, Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market St., Suite 1800, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Trust.
Brokerage Allocation
NFA or a subadviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities and other investments for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. In transactions on stock and commodity exchanges in the United States, these commissions are negotiated, whereas on foreign stock and commodity exchanges these commissions are generally fixed and are generally higher than brokerage commissions in the United States. In the case of securities or derivatives traded on the over-the-counter markets or for securities traded on a principal basis, there is generally no commission, but the price includes a spread between the dealer’s purchase and sale price. This spread is the dealer’s profit. Bilaterally negotiated derivatives may include a fee payable to the Fund’s counterparty. In underwritten offerings, the price includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount. Most short-term obligations are normally traded on a “principal” rather than agency basis. This may be done through a dealer (e.g., a securities firm or bank) who buys or sells for its own account rather than as an agent for another client, or directly with the issuer.
Except as described below, the primary consideration in portfolio security transactions is best
price and execution of the transaction, i.e., execution at the most favorable prices and in the most effective manner possible. “Best price-best execution”
encompasses many factors affecting the overall benefit obtained by the client account in the transaction including, but not necessarily limited to, the price paid or received for a security, the commission charged, the promptness, availability and reliability of execution, the confidentiality and placement accorded the order, and customer service. Therefore, “best price-best execution” does not necessarily mean obtaining the best price alone but is evaluated in the context of all the execution services provided. NFA and any subadvisers have complete freedom as to the markets in and the broker-dealers through which they seek this result.
Subject to the primary consideration of seeking best price-best execution and as discussed
below, securities may be bought or sold through broker-dealers who have furnished statistical, research, and other information or services to NFA or a subadviser. In placing orders with such broker-dealers, NFA or the subadviser will, where possible, take into account the comparative usefulness of such information. Such information is useful to NFA or a subadviser even though its dollar value may be indeterminable, and its receipt or availability generally does not reduce NFA’s or a subadviser’s normal research activities or expenses.
There may be occasions when portfolio transactions for the Fund are executed as part of concurrent authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for trusts or other accounts (including other mutual funds) served by NFA or a subadviser or by an affiliated company thereof. Although such concurrent authorizations potentially could be either advantageous or disadvantageous to the Fund, they are effected only when NFA or the subadviser believes that to do so is in the interest of the Fund. When such concurrent authorizations occur, the executions will be allocated in an equitable manner.
In purchasing and selling investments for the Fund, it is the policy of NFA or a subadviser to
seek to obtain best execution at the most favorable prices through responsible broker-dealers. The determination of what may constitute best execution in a securities transaction by a broker involves a number of considerations, including the overall direct net economic result to the Fund (involving both price paid or received and any commissions and other costs paid), the efficiency with which the transaction is effected, the ability to effect the transaction at all when a large block is involved, the availability of the broker to stand ready to execute possibly difficult transactions in the future, the professionalism of the broker, and the financial strength and stability of the broker. These considerations are judgmental and are weighed by NFA or a subadviser in determining the overall reasonableness of securities executions and commissions paid. In selecting broker-dealers, NFA or a subadviser will consider various relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the size and type of the transaction; the nature and character of the markets for the security or asset to be purchased or sold; the execution efficiency, settlement capability, and financial condition of the broker-dealer’s firm; the broker-dealer’s execution services, rendered on a continuing basis; and the reasonableness of any commissions.
NFA or a subadviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer who furnishes brokerage and/or research services a commission that is in excess of the commission another broker-dealer would have received for executing the transaction if it is determined, pursuant to the requirements of Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided. Such research services may include, among other things, analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, analytic or modeling software, market data feeds and historical market information. Any such research and other information provided by brokers to NFA or a subadviser is considered to be in addition to and not in lieu of services required to be performed by it under the respective advisory or subadvisory agreement. The fees paid to NFA or a subadviser pursuant to the respective advisory or subadvisory agreement are not reduced by reason of its receiving any brokerage and research services. The research services provided by broker-dealers can be useful to NFA or a subadviser in serving its other clients. All research services received from the brokers to whom commissions are paid are used collectively, meaning such services may not actually be utilized in connection with each client account that may have provided the commission paid to the brokers providing such services. NFA and any subadviser are prohibited from considering a broker-dealer’s sale of shares of any fund for which it serves as investment adviser or subadviser, except as may be specifically permitted by law.
Commission Recapture Program. NFA may instruct subadvisers to direct
certain brokerage transactions, using best efforts, and subject always to seeking to obtain best execution, to broker-dealers in connection with a commission recapture
program that is used to offset the Fund's operating expenses. Commission recapture is a form of institutional discount brokerage that returns commission dollars directly to the Fund. It provides a way to gain control over the commission expenses incurred by a subadviser, which can be significant over time, and thereby reduces expenses. If a subadviser does not believe it can obtain best execution from such broker-dealers, there is no obligation to execute portfolio transactions through such broker-dealers. Commissions recaptured by the Fund will be included in realized gain (loss) on securities in the Fund's appropriate financial statements.
Fund portfolio transactions may be effected with broker-dealers who have assisted investors in the purchase of variable annuity contracts or variable insurance policies issued by Nationwide Life Insurance Company, Nationwide Life & Annuity Insurance Company, Jefferson National Insurance Company or Jefferson National Life Insurance Company of New York. However, neither such assistance nor sale of other investment company shares is a qualifying or disqualifying factor in a broker-dealer’s selection, nor is the selection of any broker-dealer based on the volume of shares sold.
Under the 1940 Act, “affiliated persons” of a Fund are prohibited from dealing with
it as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities unless an exemptive order allowing such transactions is obtained from the SEC. However, the Fund may purchase securities from underwriting syndicates of which a subadviser or any of its affiliates, as defined in the 1940 Act, is a member under certain conditions, in accordance with Rule 10f-3 under the 1940 Act.
The
Fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of seeking to obtain best execution, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated brokers or
dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, commissions paid by a fund to an “affiliated broker or dealer” in connection with a purchase
or sale of securities offered on a securities exchange may not exceed the usual and customary broker’s commission. Accordingly, it is the Fund's policy that the
commissions to be paid to an affiliated broker-dealer must, in the judgment of NFA or the appropriate subadviser, be (1) at least as favorable as those that would be charged by other brokers having comparable execution capability and (2) at least as favorable as commissions contemporaneously charged by such broker or dealer on comparable transactions for the broker’s or dealer’s most favored unaffiliated customers. NFA and the subadvisers do not necessarily deem it practicable or in the Fund's best interests to solicit competitive bids for commissions on each transaction. However, NFA and the subadvisers regularly give consideration to information concerning the prevailing level of commissions charged on comparable transactions by other brokers during comparable periods of time.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations and thus has paid no brokerage commissions to affiliated brokers.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations and thus has paid no soft
dollar commissions or held any investments in securities of their regular broker-dealers.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not commenced operations and thus has paid no brokerage commissions to affiliated brokers of the Adviser.
Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
The Fund currently offers one class of shares (Class R6 shares). There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment amount for the Fund. Shares of the Fund are currently available only to other investment companies advised by NFA in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. An investor may purchase or redeem shares of the Fund on any day the Fund is open for business at the net asset value per share next determined after a purchase or redemption request in good order is received by the Fund.
In-Kind Redemptions
As described in the Prospectus, the Fund reserves the right, in circumstances where in its sole discretion it determines that cash redemption payments would be undesirable, taking into account the best interests of all Fund shareholders, to honor any redemption request by transferring some of the securities held by the Fund directly to a redeeming shareholder (“redemption in-kind”). Redemptions in-kind generally will be pro-rata slices of the Fund’s portfolio or a representative basket of securities. Redemptions in-kind may also be used in stressed market
conditions.
The Board has adopted procedures for redemptions in-kind to affiliated persons of the Fund. Affiliated persons of the Fund include shareholders who are affiliates of the Fund’s investment adviser and shareholders of the Fund owning 5% or more of the outstanding shares of that Fund. These procedures provide that a redemption in-kind shall be effected at approximately the affiliated shareholder’s proportionate share of the distributing Fund’s current net assets, and they are designed so that redemptions will not favor the affiliated shareholder to the detriment of any other shareholder. The procedures also require that the distributed securities be valued in the same manner as they are valued for purposes of computing the distributing Fund’s net asset value and that neither the affiliated shareholder nor any other party with the ability and pecuniary incentive to influence the redemption in-kind selects, or influences the selection of, the distributed securities. Use of the redemption in-kind procedures will allow the Fund to avoid having to sell significant portfolio assets to raise cash to meet the shareholder’s redemption request, thus limiting the potential adverse effect on the distributing Fund’s net asset value.
VALUATION of Shares
All investments in the Trust are credited to the shareholder’s account in the form of full and fractional shares of the designated Fund (rounded to the nearest 1/1000 of a share). The Trust does not issue share certificates. Subject to the sole discretion of NFA, each Fund may accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for such Fund.
The NAV per share of the Fund is determined once daily, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) on each business day the Exchange is open for regular trading (the “Valuation Time”). To the extent that the Fund’s investments are traded in markets that are open when the Exchange is closed, the value of the Fund's investments may change on days when shares cannot be purchased or redeemed.
The Trust will not compute NAV for the Fund on customary national business holidays, including
the following: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, and other days when the Exchange is closed.
The Fund reserves the right to not determine NAV when: (i) the Fund has not received any orders
to purchase, sell or exchange shares and (ii) changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio do not affect the Fund’s NAV.
The offering price for orders placed before the close of the Exchange, on each business day the
Exchange is open for trading, will be based upon calculation of the NAV at the close of regular trading on the Exchange. For orders placed after the close of regular trading on the Exchange, or on a day on which the Exchange is not open for trading, the offering price is based upon NAV at the close of the Exchange on the next day thereafter on which the Exchange is open for trading. The NAV of each class of the Fund on which offering and redemption prices are based is determined by adding the value of all securities and other assets of the Fund attributable to the class, deducting liabilities attributable to that class, and dividing by the number of that class’ shares outstanding. The Fund may reject any order to buy shares and may suspend the sale of shares at any time.
Securities for which market-based quotations are readily available are valued as of Valuation
Time. Equity securities are generally valued at the last quoted sale price, or if there is no sale price, the last quoted bid price provided by an independent pricing service approved by the Board. Securities traded on NASDAQ generally are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Prices are taken from the primary market or exchange in which each security trades. Debt and other fixed-income securities are generally valued at the bid price provided by an independent pricing service, the use of which has been approved by the Board.
Securities for which market-based quotations are either unavailable (e.g., independent pricing
service does not provide a value) or are deemed unreliable, in the judgment of NFA or designee, are generally valued at fair value by the Trustees, or persons to whom the Board has delegated its responsibilities pursuant to procedures approved by the Board (in this case, the Fair Valuation Committee). In addition, fair value determinations are required for securities whose value is affected by a significant event that will materially affect the value of a security and which occurs subsequent to the time of the close of the principal market on which such security trades but prior to the calculation of the Fund's NAV. The Fair Valuation Committee monitors the results of fair valuation determinations and regularly reports the results to the Board or a committee of the Board. Fair value determinations may require subjective determinations. There can be no assurance that the fair value of an asset is the price at which the asset could have been sold during the period in which the particular fair value was used in determining the Fund’s NAV.
The Fair Valuation Committee monitors the continuing appropriateness of the valuation
methodology with respect to each security. In the event that NFA or a subadviser believes that the valuation methodology being used to value a security does not produce a fair value for such security, the Fair Valuation Committee is notified so that it may meet to determine what adjustment should be made.
To the extent that the Fund invests in foreign securities, the following would be applicable. Generally, trading in foreign securities markets is completed each day at various times prior to the Valuation Time. Due to the time differences between the closings of the relevant foreign securities exchanges and the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated, the Fund may fair value its foreign investments more frequently than it does other securities. When fair value prices are utilized, these prices will attempt to reflect the impact of the financial markets’ perceptions and trading activities on the Fund’s investments since their last closing prices were calculated on their primary securities markets or exchanges. Pursuant to the Valuation Procedures, the Fund’s foreign equity investments generally will be fair valued daily by an independent pricing service using models designed to estimate likely changes in the values of those investments between the times in which the trading in those securities is substantially completed and the close of the Exchange. When the Fund uses fair value pricing, the values assigned to the Fund’s foreign equity investments may not be the quoted or published prices of the investments on their primary markets or exchanges.
In December 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Rule 2a-5”), which is intended to address valuation practices and the role of a fund’s board with respect to the fair value of the investments of a registered investment company. Rule 2a-5, among other things, establishes an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices. The Fund will not be required to comply with Rule 2a-5 until September 8, 2022.
Additional Information
Description of Shares
The Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust permits the Board to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each Fund and to divide or combine such shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby exchanging the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that Fund with each other share. The Trust reserves the right to create and issue a number of different funds. Shares of each Fund would participate equally in the earnings, dividends, and assets of that particular fund. Upon liquidation of a Fund, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of such Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
The Trust is authorized to offer the following series of shares of beneficial interest, without
par value and with the various classes listed:
| |
|
Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund*1 |
Class A, Class R6, Institutional Service Class, Eagle Class
|
Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund*
|
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class M, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class M, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund*
|
Class A, Class C, Class M, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide BNY Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund*2 |
Class A, Institutional Service Class, Class R6 |
Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund*3 |
Class A, Class K, Class R6, Institutional Service Class,
Eagle Class |
Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund*4 |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6, Eagle Class |
| |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Bond Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Bond Portfolio* |
|
Nationwide Destination 2025 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2030 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2035 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2040 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2045 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2050 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2055 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2060 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination 2065 Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Destination Retirement Fund* |
Class A, Class R, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund*
|
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6 |
| |
|
| |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Government Money Market Fund* |
Service Class, Investor Shares, Class R6 |
Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund* |
Class A, Institutional Service Class, Class R6, Eagle Class
|
Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund* |
Class A, Institutional Service Class, Class R6 |
Nationwide International Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide International Small Cap Fund* |
Class A, Institutional Service Class, Class R6 |
Nationwide Investor Destinations Aggressive Fund*
|
Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R6, Institutional Service
Class, Service Class |
Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund*
|
Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R6, Institutional Service
Class, Service Class |
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R6, Institutional Service
Class, Service Class |
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Aggressive
Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R6, Institutional Service
Class, Service Class |
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Conservative
Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R6, Institutional Service
Class, Service Class |
Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund* |
Class A, Institutional Service Class, Class R6, Eagle Class
|
Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio* |
|
Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6
|
Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Service Class, Institutional
Service Class, Class R6 |
Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class,
Class R6 |
Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund* |
Class A, Institutional Service Class |
Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
|
Nationwide WCM Focused Small Cap Fund* |
Class A, Class C, Institutional Service Class, Class R6 |
* Information on these Nationwide Funds is contained in separate Statements of
Additional Information.
1 Name change effective July 18, 2022. Formerly, Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund.
2 Name change effective February 2, 2022. Formerly, Nationwide Core Plus Bond
Fund.
3 Name change effective August 31, 2021. Formerly, Nationwide Mellon Disciplined Value Fund.
4 Name change effective August 31, 2021. Formerly, Nationwide Mellon Dynamic U.S.
Core Fund.
You have an interest only in the assets of the Fund whose shares you own. Shares of a
particular class are equal in all respects to the other shares of that class. In the event of liquidation of a Fund, shares of the same class will share pro rata in
the distribution of the net assets of the Fund with all other shares of that class. All shares are without par value and when issued and paid for, are fully paid and nonassessable by the Trust. Shares may be exchanged or converted as described in this SAI and in the Prospectus but will have no other preference, conversion, exchange or pre-emptive rights.
Voting Rights
Shareholders of each class of shares have one vote for each share held and a proportionate fractional vote for any fractional share held. Shareholders may vote in the election of Trustees and on other matters submitted to meetings of shareholders. Shares, when issued, are fully paid and nonassessable. Generally, amendment may not be made to the Second
Amended and Restated Declaration of
Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust. The Trustees may, however, further amend the Second Amended and
Restated Declaration of Trust without the vote or consent of shareholders to:
(1)
designate series of the Trust; or
(2)
change the name of the Trust; or
(3)
apply any omission, cure, correct, or supplement any ambiguous, defective, or
inconsistent provision to conform the Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust to the requirements of applicable federal laws or regulations if they deem it necessary.
An annual or special meeting of shareholders to conduct necessary business is not required by the Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, the 1940 Act or other authority, except, under certain circumstances, to amend the Second Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, the Investment Advisory Agreement, fundamental investment objectives, investment policies and investment restrictions, to elect and remove Trustees, to reorganize the Trust or any series or class thereof and to act upon certain other business matters. In regard to termination, sale of assets, modification or change of the Investment Advisory Agreement, or change of investment restrictions with respect to a Fund, the right to vote is limited to the holders of shares of that Fund. However, shares of all Nationwide Funds vote together, and not by Fund, in the election of Trustees. If an issue must be approved by a majority as defined in the 1940 Act, a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting when the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. For the election of Trustees only a plurality is required. Holders of shares subject to a Rule 12b-1 fee will vote as a class and not with holders of any other class with respect to the approval of the Rule 12b-1 Plan.
Additional General Tax Information for The Fund
The following is a summary of certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
This “Additional General Tax Information For The Fund” section is based on the
Internal Revenue Code and applicable regulations in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative
changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
This is for general information only and not tax advice. All investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the federal, state, local and foreign tax provisions applicable to them.
Taxation of the Fund. The Fund has elected and
intends to qualify, or, if newly organized, intends to elect and qualify, each year as a regulated investment company (sometimes referred to as a “regulated
investment company,” “RIC” or “fund”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If the Fund so qualifies, the Fund will not be
subject to federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, generally, taxable interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains, and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes to shareholders.
In
order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Fund must satisfy the following requirements:
•Distribution Requirement– the Fund must distribute an amount equal to the sum of at
least 90% of its investment company taxable income and 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).
•Income Requirement– the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income from
dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or
other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from qualified publicly traded partnerships (“QPTPs”).
•Asset Diversification Test– the Fund must satisfy the following asset diversification
test at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, in the securities of one or more QPTPs.
In some
circumstances, the character and timing of income realized by the Fund for purposes of the Income Requirement or the identification of the issuer for purposes of the
Asset Diversification Test is uncertain under current law with respect to a particular investment, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue
Service (“IRS”) with respect to such type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to satisfy these requirements. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions” below with respect to the application of these requirements to certain types of investments. In other circumstances, the Fund may be required to sell portfolio holdings in order to meet the Income Requirement, Distribution Requirement, or Asset Diversification Test, which may have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance.
The Fund may use “equalization” (in lieu of making some cash distributions) in
determining the portion of its income and gains that has been distributed. If the Fund uses equalization, it will allocate a portion of its undistributed investment
company taxable income and net capital gain to redemptions of Fund shares and will correspondingly reduce the amount of such income and gains that it distributes in cash. If the IRS determines that the Fund’s allocation is improper and that the Fund has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Fund may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax. If, as a result of such adjustment, the Fund fails to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, the Fund will not qualify that year as a regulated investment company the effect of which is described in the following paragraph.
If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the corporate income tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders, and the dividends would be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Fund’s income and performance. Subject to savings provisions for certain failures to satisfy the Income Requirement or Asset Diversification Test which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that the Fund will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Fund may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the Board of Trustees reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
Portfolio turnover. For investors that hold their Fund shares in a
taxable account, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in higher taxes. This is because a fund with a high turnover rate is likely to accelerate the recognition of
capital gains and more of such gains are likely to be taxable as short-term rather than long-term capital gains in contrast to a comparable fund with a low turnover rate. Any such higher taxes would reduce the Fund’s after-tax performance. See, “Taxation of Fund Distributions– Distributions of capital gains” below. For non-U.S. investors, any such acceleration of the recognition of capital gains that results in more short-term and less long-term capital gains being recognized by the Fund may cause such investors to be subject to increased U.S. withholding taxes. See, “Non-U.S. Investors– In general” below.
Capital loss carryovers. The capital losses of the Fund, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Fund may use
its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without being required to pay taxes on or distribute to shareholders such gains that
are offset by the losses. If the Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Fund's net
short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year, and the
excess (if any) of the Fund's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Fund that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Fund in succeeding taxable years. The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% “change in ownership” of the Fund. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or
more of the Fund increase their
aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate, thereby
reducing the Fund’s ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to the Fund’s shareholders could
result from an ownership change. The Fund undertakes no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and redemptions or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another fund. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond the Fund’s control, there can be no assurance that the Fund will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change. In addition, if the Fund engages in a tax-free reorganization with another fund, the effect of these and other rules not discussed herein may be to disallow or postpone the use by the Fund of its capital loss carryovers (including any current year losses and built-in losses when realized) to offset its own gains or those of the other fund, or vice versa, thereby reducing the tax benefits Fund shareholders would otherwise have enjoyed from use of such capital loss carryovers.
Deferral of late year losses. The Fund may elect to treat part or all
of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain,
net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year (see, “Taxation of Fund Distributions– Distributions of capital gains” below). A “qualified late year loss” includes:
•any net capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, or, if there is no such loss, any net long-term capital loss or any net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (“post-October capital losses”), and
•the sum of (1) the excess, if any, of (a) specified losses incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, over (b) specified gains incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year and (2) the excess, if any, of (a) ordinary losses incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year, over (b) the ordinary income incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year.
The terms “specified losses” and “specified gains” mean ordinary losses
and gains from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property), foreign currency losses and
gains, and losses and gains resulting from holding stock in a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. The terms “ordinary losses” and “ordinary income” mean other ordinary losses and income that are not described in the preceding sentence. Since the Fund has a fiscal year ending in October, the amount of qualified late-year losses (if any) is computed without regard to any items of income, gain, or loss that are (a) post-October losses, (b) specified losses, and (c) specified gains.
Undistributed capital gains. The Fund may retain or distribute to
shareholders its net capital gain for each taxable year. The Fund currently intends to distribute net capital gains. If the Fund elects to retain its net capital gain,
the Fund will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the corporate income tax rate. If the Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, it is expected that the Fund also will elect to have shareholders treated as if each received a distribution of its pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, will receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by the Fund on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for its shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.
Federal excise tax. To avoid a 4% non-deductible excise tax, the Fund
must distribute by December 31 of each year an amount equal to at least: (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (that
is, the excess of the gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for the one-year period ended on October 31 of such calendar year, and (3) any prior year undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income. The Fund may elect to defer to the following year any net ordinary loss incurred for the portion of the calendar year which is after the beginning of the Fund’s taxable year. Also, the Fund will defer any “specified gain” or “specified loss” which would be properly taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31. Any net ordinary loss, specified gain, or specified loss deferred shall be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. Generally, the Fund intends to make sufficient distributions prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid any material liability for federal income and excise tax, but can give no assurances that all or a portion of such liability will be avoided. In addition, under certain circumstances, temporary timing or permanent differences in the realization of income and expense for book and tax purposes can result in the Fund having to pay an excise tax.
Foreign income tax. Investment income received by the Fund from
sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income tax withheld at the source and the amount of tax withheld generally will be treated as an expense of the
Fund. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries, which entitle the Fund to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax on such income. Some countries require the filing of a tax reclaim or other forms to receive the benefit of the reduced tax rate; whether or when the Fund will receive the tax reclaim is within the control of the individual country. Information required on these forms may not be available such as shareholder information; therefore, the Fund may not receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries have conflicting and changing instructions and restrictive timing requirements which may cause the Fund not to receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries may subject capital gains realized by the Fund on sale or disposition of securities of that country to taxation. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Fund’s assets to be invested in various countries is not known. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to pass-through foreign taxes paid by the Fund to shareholders, although it reserves the right not to do so. If the Fund makes such an election and obtains a refund of foreign taxes paid by the Fund in a prior year, the Fund may be eligible to reduce the amount of foreign taxes reported by the Fund to its shareholders, generally by the amount of the foreign taxes refunded, for the year in which the refund is received. See, “Taxation of Fund Distributions–Pass-through of foreign tax credits.”
Taxation of Fund Distributions. The Fund anticipates
distributing substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain for each taxable year. Distributions by the Fund will be treated in the
manner described below regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund (or of another fund). The Fund will send you information annually as to the federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year.
Distributions of net investment income. The Fund receives ordinary
income generally in the form of dividends and/or interest on its investments. The Fund also may recognize ordinary income from other sources, including, but not limited
to, certain gains on foreign currency-related transactions. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund’s net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, distributions of net investment income generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed to noncorporate taxpayers at reduced rates or for the dividends-received deduction available to corporations. See the discussion below under the headings, “— Qualified dividend income for individuals” and “—Dividends-received deduction for corporations.”
Distributions of capital gains. The Fund may derive capital gain and loss in connection with sales or other dispositions of its
portfolio securities. Distributions derived from the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be taxable to you as ordinary income.
Distributions paid from the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long
you have held your shares in the Fund. Any net short-term or long-term capital gain realized by the Fund (net of any capital loss carryovers) generally will be distributed once each year and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Returns of capital. Distributions by the Fund that are not paid from
earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder’s tax basis in his shares; any excess will be
treated as gain from the sale of his shares. Thus, the portion of a distribution that constitutes a return of capital will decrease the shareholder’s tax basis in his Fund shares (but not below zero), and will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on the later sale of such Fund shares. Return of capital distributions can occur for a number of reasons including, among others, the Fund over-estimates the income to be received from certain investments such as those classified as partnerships or equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) (see, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions–Investments in U.S. REITs” below).
Qualified dividend income for individuals. Ordinary income dividends
reported by the Fund to shareholders as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals and other noncorporate shareholders at the rates
applicable to long-term capital gain. “Qualified dividend income” means dividends paid to the Fund (a) by domestic corporations, (b) by foreign corporations that are either (i) incorporated in a possession of the United States, or (ii) are eligible for benefits under certain income tax treaties with the United States that include an exchange of information program, or (c) with respect to stock of a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Both the Fund and the investor must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days
before the stock becomes ex-dividend.
Similarly, investors must hold their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. Income
derived from investments in derivatives, fixed-income securities, U.S. REITs, PFICs, and income received “in lieu of” dividends in a securities lending
transaction generally is not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income. If the qualifying dividend income received by the Fund is equal to or greater than 95% of the Fund’s gross income (exclusive of net capital gain) in any taxable year, all of the ordinary income dividends paid by the Fund will be qualifying dividend income.
Business interest income. Under Section 163(j) of the Code, enacted by the TCJA, generally, the amount of business interest that
a taxpayer can deduct for any year is limited to the taxpayer’s (i) business interest income (which is the amount of interest includible in the gross income of the
taxpayer which is properly allocable to a trade or business, but does not include investment income) plus (ii) 30% (or possibly 50% for tax years beginning in 2019 and
2020) of adjusted taxable income (but not less than zero) plus (iii) floor plan financing interest. The Fund is permitted to pass-through its net business interest
income (generally the Fund’s interest income less applicable expenses and deductions) as a “Section 163(j) interest dividend.” The amount passed through to shareholders is considered interest income and can then be used to determine such shareholder’s business interest deduction under Section 163(j), if any, subject to holding period requirements and other limitations. The Fund may choose not to report such Section 163(j) interest dividends.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations. For corporate
shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the 50% corporate dividends-received deduction. The portion of dividends paid by the Fund that
so qualifies will be reported by the Fund to shareholders each year and cannot exceed the gross amount of dividends received by the Fund from domestic (U.S.) corporations. The availability of the dividends-received deduction is subject to certain holding period and debt financing restrictions that apply to both the Fund and the investor. Specifically, the amount that the Fund may report as eligible for the dividends-received deduction will be reduced or eliminated if the shares on which the dividends earned by the Fund were debt-financed or held by the Fund for less than a minimum period of time, generally 46 days during a 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, if your Fund shares are debt-financed or held by you for less than a 46-day period then the dividends-received deduction for Fund dividends on your shares also may be reduced or eliminated. Income derived by the Fund from investments in derivatives, fixed-income and foreign securities generally is not eligible for this treatment.
Impact of realized but undistributed income and gains, and net unrealized appreciation of
portfolio securities. At the time of your purchase of shares, the Fund’s net asset value may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities held by the Fund. A subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable, and would be taxed as ordinary income (some portion of which may be taxed as qualified dividend income), capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. The Fund may be able to reduce the amount of such distributions from capital gains by utilizing its capital loss carryovers, if any.
Pass-through of foreign tax credits. If more than 50% of the Fund’s total assets at the end of a fiscal year is invested in foreign
securities, the Fund may elect to pass-through to you your pro rata share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, the Fund may report more taxable
income to you than it actually distributes. You will then be entitled either to deduct your share of these taxes in computing your taxable income, or to claim a foreign
tax credit for these taxes against your U.S. federal income tax (subject to limitations for certain shareholders). The Fund will provide you with the information necessary to claim this deduction or credit on your personal income tax return if it makes this election. No deduction for foreign tax may be claimed by a noncorporate shareholder who does not itemize deductions or who is subject to the alternative minimum tax. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate shares of the foreign income tax paid by the Fund due to certain limitations that may apply. The Fund reserves the right not to pass-through to its shareholders the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. In addition, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders. See, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions - Securities lending” below.
Tax credit bonds. If the Fund holds, directly or indirectly, one or
more “tax credit bonds” (including build America bonds, clean renewable energy bonds and qualified tax credit bonds) on one or more applicable dates during a
taxable year, the Fund may elect to permit its shareholders to claim a tax credit on their income tax returns equal to each shareholder’s proportionate share of tax credits from the applicable bonds that otherwise would be allowed to the Fund. In such a case, shareholders must include in gross income (as interest) their proportionate share of the income attributable to their proportionate share of those offsetting tax credits. A shareholder’s ability to claim a tax credit associated with one or more tax
credit bonds may be subject to certain
limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. Under the TCJA, the build America bonds, clean renewable energy bonds and certain other qualified bonds may no longer be
issued after December 31, 2017. Even if the Fund is eligible to pass-through tax credits to shareholders, the Fund may choose not to do so.
U.S. government securities. Income earned on certain U.S. government obligations is exempt from state and local personal income
taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to dividends paid to you from interest earned on direct obligations of the U.S. government, subject in
some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. Income on investments by the Fund in certain other obligations, such as
repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government obligations, securities lending agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., GNMA or FNMA obligations), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Dividends declared in December and paid in January. Ordinarily,
shareholders are required to take distributions by the Fund into account in the year in which the distributions are made. However, dividends declared in October, November
or December of any year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month will be deemed to have been received by the shareholders (and made by the Fund) on December 31 of such calendar year if such dividends are actually paid in January of the following year. Shareholders will be advised annually as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year in accordance with the guidance that has been provided by the IRS.
Medicare tax. A 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on net investment income earned by certain individuals, estates and
trusts. “Net investment income,” for these purposes, means investment income, including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares, reduced by the deductions properly allocable to such income. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (1) the shareholder’s net investment income or (2) the amount by which the shareholder’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case).This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.
Investment expenses. Because shares of the Fund are not publicly
offered, the Fund will report certain of its investment expenses to certain types of shareholders on Form 1099. (Shares of the Fund are not treated as publicly offered
for this purpose because such shares will not be: (i) continuously offered pursuant to a public offering (within the meaning of section 4 of the Securities Act); (ii) regularly traded on an established securities market; or (iii) held by or for more than 500 persons at all times during a taxable year). Under the TCJA, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and ending before January 1, 2026, individual shareholders will not be entitled to deduct such shareholder’s share of any such expenses as an itemized deduction. Provided the suspension is not extended, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, any individual that is shareholder of the Fund (directly or through a partnership or other pass-through entity) will be entitled to deduct such shareholder’s share, of any such expenses only to the extent that such share, together with such shareholder’s other itemized deductions, exceeds 2% of such shareholder’s adjusted gross income. Additionally, under the TCJA, the overall limitation on itemized deductions is suspended for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and ending before January 1, 2026. Provided the suspension is not extended, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, certain itemized deductions of an individual are subject to reduction to the extent the individual’s adjusted gross income exceeds a threshold that is adjusted each year for inflation. The reduction (“phaseout”) is equal to the lesser of 3% of the excess of his adjusted gross income over an applicable amount or 80% of those itemized deductions otherwise allowable.
Sale or Redemption of Fund Shares. Because, as described above, shares of the Fund are not publicly offered, a redemption of shares
generally will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange of such shares for tax purposes, provided (a) the redemption is not essentially equivalent to a dividend, (b) the
redemption is a substantially disproportionate redemption, (c) the redemption is a complete redemption of a shareholder’s entire interest in the Fund, or (d) the
redeeming shareholder is not a corporation and the redemption is in partial liquidation of the Fund.
A shareholder will recognize gain or loss on the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund in an
amount equal to the difference between the proceeds of the sale or redemption and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. A shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in its shares may be less than the price paid for the shares as a result of distributions by the Fund in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits (i.e., returns of capital). If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize will be considered capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares were
held for longer than one year. Capital
losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a noncorporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income. Redemptions that do not
qualify for sale or exchange treatment will be treated as described above under “Taxation of Fund Distributions.”
Tax basis information. The Fund is required to report to certain types of shareholders and the IRS annually on Form 1099-B
the cost basis of shares where the cost basis of the shares is known by the Fund (referred to as “covered shares”). However, cost basis reporting is not
required for certain shareholders, including shareholders investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual
retirement account, or shareholders investing in a money market fund that maintains a stable net asset value. When required to report cost basis, the Fund will calculate
it using the Fund’s default method of average cost, unless you instruct the Fund in writing to use a different calculation method. In general, average cost is the total cost basis of all your shares in an account divided by the total number of shares in the account. To determine whether short-term or long-term capital gains taxes apply, the IRS presumes you redeem your oldest shares first.
The IRS permits the use of several methods to determine the cost basis of mutual fund shares.
The method used will determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing share prices, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Fund does not recommend any particular method of determining cost basis, and the use of other methods may result in more favorable tax consequences for some shareholders. It is important that you consult with your tax advisor to determine which method is best for you and then notify the Fund in writing if you intend to utilize a method other than average cost for covered shares.
In addition to the Fund’s default method of average cost, other cost basis methods offered by Nationwide Mutual Funds, which you may elect to apply to covered shares, include:
•FIFO (First In, First Out) – the shares purchased first are sold
first.
•LIFO
(Last In, First Out) – the shares purchased last are sold first.
•High Cost– the shares with the highest cost per share are sold first.
•Low Cost–the shares with the lowest cost per share are sold
first.
•Loss/Gain Utilization– groups of shares (lots) are selected and sold based on generating losses first (short-term then long-term) and gains last (long-term then short-term).
•Specific Lot Identification– you must specify the share lots to be sold at the time of
redemption. This method requires you to elect a secondary method in the event the lots you designate for redemption are unavailable. The secondary method options include first in, first out; last in, first out; low cost; high cost; and loss/gain utilization. If a secondary method is not elected, first in, first out will be used.
You may elect any of the available methods detailed above for your covered shares. If you do not notify the Fund in writing of your elected cost basis method upon the initial purchase into your account, the default method of average cost will be applied to your covered shares. The cost basis for covered shares will be calculated separately from any shares for which cost basis information is not known by the Fund (“noncovered shares”) you may own. You may change from average cost to another cost basis method for covered shares at any time by notifying the Fund in writing, but only for shares acquired after the date of the change (the change is prospective). The basis of the shares that were averaged before the change will remain averaged after the date of the change.
With the exception of the specific lot identification method, Nationwide Mutual Funds first depletes noncovered shares in first in, first out order before applying your elected method to your remaining covered shares. If you want to deplete your shares in a different order then you must elect specific lot identification and choose the lots you wish to deplete first.
The Fund will compute and report the cost basis of your Fund shares sold or exchanged by taking
into account all of the applicable adjustments to cost basis and holding periods as required by the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations for purposes of reporting these amounts to you and the IRS. However, the Fund is not required to, and in many cases the Fund does not possess the information to, take all possible basis, holding period or other adjustments into account in reporting cost basis information to you. Therefore, shareholders should carefully review the cost basis information provided by the Fund, and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required by the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns. Shareholders remain solely responsible for complying with all federal income tax laws when filing their federal income tax returns.
If you
hold your Fund shares through a broker (or other nominee), please contact that broker (nominee) with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for your
account.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on a redemption of your Fund shares will be disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after your share redemption. Any loss disallowed under these rules will be added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Redemptions at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on a redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as
long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Deferral of basis. If a shareholder (a) incurs a sales load in acquiring shares of the Fund, (b) disposes of such shares less than 91 days after they are acquired, and (c) subsequently acquires shares of the Fund or another fund by January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the disposition of the original shares occurred at a reduced sales load pursuant to a right to reinvest at such reduced sales load acquired in connection with the acquisition of the shares disposed of, then the sales load on the shares disposed of (to the extent of the reduction in the sales load on the shares subsequently acquired) shall not be taken into account in determining gain or loss on the shares disposed of, but shall be treated as incurred on the acquisition of the shares subsequently acquired. The wash sale rules also may limit the amount of loss that may be taken into account on disposition after such adjustment.
Reportable transactions. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder
recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or
certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886.The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions. Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities,
investment techniques and transactions that may apply to a fund and, in turn, affect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the fund
to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion above under “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PORTFOLIO INSTRUMENTS, STRATEGIES AND
INVESTMENT POLICIES” for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to the Fund.
In general. In general, gain or loss recognized by a fund on the sale
or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the
length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character of certain gains or losses.
Certain fixed-income investments. Gain recognized on the disposition
of a debt obligation purchased by a fund at a market discount (generally, at a price less than its principal amount) will be treated as ordinary income to the extent of
the portion of the market discount which accrued during the period of time the fund held the debt obligation unless the fund made a current inclusion election to accrue market discount into income as it accrues. If a fund purchases a debt obligation (such as a zero coupon security or pay-in-kind security) that was originally issued at a discount, the fund generally is required to include in gross income each year the portion of the original issue discount which accrues during such year. Therefore, a fund’s investment in such securities may cause the fund to recognize income and make distributions to shareholders before it receives any cash payments on the securities. To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, a fund may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of fund shares.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present tax issues for a
fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent a fund should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when a fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent a fund may take
deductions for bad debts or worthless
securities and how a fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a
fund in order to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company.
Options, futures, forward contracts, swap agreements and hedging
transactions. In general, option premiums received by a fund are not immediately included
in the income of the fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the fund transfers or
otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If an option written by a fund is exercised and the fund sells or delivers the underlying stock,
the fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the fund minus (b) the fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by a fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of a fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a fund expires unexercised, the fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a fund as well as listed
non-equity options written or purchased by the fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) may be governed by section 1256 of the Internal Revenue Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, any section 1256 contracts held by a fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Internal Revenue Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable. Section 1256 contracts do not include any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, a fund’s transactions in other derivative instruments (including options, forward contracts and swap agreements) as well as its other hedging, short sale, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including the constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the fund, defer losses to the fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Moreover, because the tax rules applicable to derivative instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.
Certain of a fund’s investments in derivatives and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and the fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, may produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company. If a fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution of any such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including current earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income, reduced by related deductions), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Foreign currency transactions. A fund’s transactions in foreign
currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give
rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease a fund’s ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the fund’s previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, a fund may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.
PFIC investments. A fund may invest in securities of foreign
companies that may be classified under the Internal Revenue Code as PFICs. In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets
constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, a fund intends to mark-to-market these securities under certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the fund’s fiscal and excise tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that a fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You also should be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by a fund. Foreign companies are not required to identify themselves as PFICs. Due to various complexities in identifying PFICs, a fund can give no assurances that it will be able to identify portfolio securities in foreign corporations that are PFICs in time for the fund to make a mark-to-market election. If a fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on a fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
Investments in U.S. REITs. A U.S. REIT is not subject to federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to
shareholders. Dividends paid by a U.S. REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the U.S. REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a U.S. REIT to a fund will be treated as long-term capital gains by the fund and, in turn, may be distributed by the fund to its shareholders as a capital gain distribution. Because of certain noncash expenses, such as property depreciation, an equity U.S. REIT’s cash flow may exceed its taxable income. The equity U.S. REIT, and in turn a fund, may distribute this excess cash to shareholders in the form of a return of capital distribution. However, if a U.S. REIT is operated in a manner that fails to qualify as a U.S. REIT, an investment in the U.S. REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the U.S. REIT would be subject to federal income tax at the corporate income tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the U.S. REIT’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Also, see, “Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions–Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income)” and “Non-U.S. Investors– Investment in U.S. real property” below with respect to certain other tax aspects of investing in U.S. REITs.
Investment in non-U.S. REITs. While non-U.S. REITs often use complex
acquisition structures that seek to minimize taxation in the source country, an investment by a fund in a non-U.S. REIT may subject the fund, directly or indirectly, to
corporate taxes, withholding taxes, transfer taxes and other indirect taxes in the country in which the real estate acquired by the non-U.S. REIT is located. A fund’s pro rata share of any such taxes will reduce the fund’s return on its investment. A fund’s investment in a non-U.S. REIT may be considered an investment in a PFIC, as discussed above in “PFIC investments.” In addition, foreign withholding taxes on distributions from the non-U.S. REIT may be reduced or eliminated under certain tax treaties, as discussed above in “Taxation of the Fund– Foreign income tax.” Also, a fund in certain limited circumstances may be
required to file an income tax return in the source country and pay tax on any gain realized from its investment in the non-U.S. REIT under rules similar to those in the
United States, which tax foreign persons on gain realized from dispositions of interests in U.S. real estate.
Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a
portion of a fund’s income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit
(“REMIC”) or equity interests in a “taxable mortgage pool” (referred to in the Internal Revenue Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to
federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated
investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, 401(k) plans, Keogh plans or other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt
organizations not subject to UBTI) is a
record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion
income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the corporate income tax rate. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that a fund will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.
These rules are potentially applicable to a fund with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is unlikely that these rules will apply to a fund that has a non-REIT strategy.
Investments in partnerships and QPTPs. For purposes of the Income
Requirement, income derived by a fund from a partnership that is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items
of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the fund. While the rules are not entirely clear with respect to a fund investing in a partnership outside a master-feeder structure, for purposes of testing whether a fund satisfies the Asset Diversification Test, the fund generally is treated as owning a pro rata share of the underlying assets of a partnership. See, “Taxation of the Fund.” In contrast, different rules apply to a partnership that is a QPTP. A QPTP is a partnership (a) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market, (b) that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (c) that derives less than 90% of its income from sources that satisfy the Income Requirement (e.g., because it invests in commodities). All of the net income derived by a fund from an interest in a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income but the fund may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in one or more QPTPs. However, there can be no assurance that a partnership classified as a QPTP in one year will qualify as a QPTP in the next year. Any such failure to annually qualify as a QPTP might, in turn, cause a fund to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a fund with respect to items attributable to an interest in a QPTP. Fund investments in partnerships, including in QPTPs, may result in the fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
Securities lending. While securities are loaned out by a fund, the fund generally will receive from the borrower amounts
equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made “in lieu of” dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the 50% dividends-received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made “in lieu of” dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders.
Investments in convertible securities. Convertible debt is ordinarily
treated as a “single property” consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest. If the security is
issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium unrelated to the conversion feature of the security over the life of the bond. If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt. The creditor-holder’s exercise of the conversion privilege is treated as a nontaxable event. Mandatorily convertible debt (e.g., an exchange-traded note or ETN issued in the form of an unsecured obligation that pays a return based on the performance of a specified market index, exchange currency, or commodity) is often, but not always, treated as a contract to buy or sell the reference property rather than debt. Similarly, convertible preferred stock with a mandatory conversion feature is ordinarily, but not always, treated as equity rather than debt. Dividends-received generally are qualified dividend income and eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction. In general, conversion of preferred stock for common stock of the same corporation is tax-free. Conversion of preferred stock for cash is a taxable redemption. Any redemption premium for preferred stock that is redeemable by the issuing company might be required to be amortized under original issue discount principles.
Investments in securities of uncertain tax character. A fund may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may
be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected
by a fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the fund, requiring the fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code.
Backup Withholding. By law, the Fund may be required to withhold a
portion of your taxable dividends and sales proceeds unless you:
•provide your correct social security or taxpayer identification number,
•certify that this number is correct,
•certify that you are not
subject to backup withholding, and
•certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien).
The Fund also must withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 24% of any distributions or proceeds paid. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding and information reporting. The special U.S. tax certification requirements applicable to non-U.S. investors to avoid backup withholding are described under the “Non-U.S. Investors” heading below.
Non-U.S. Investors. Non-U.S. investors (shareholders who, as to the
United States, are nonresident alien individuals, foreign trusts or estates, foreign corporations, or foreign partnerships) may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate
tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of the appropriate forms to certify their status.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or
a withholding tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends, including on income dividends paid to you by the Fund. Exemptions from this U.S. withholding tax
are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains, interest-related dividends paid by the Fund from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends.
However, the Fund may choose not to utilize the exemptions for interest-related dividends paid
and short- term capital gains dividends paid. Moreover, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares, will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Net investment income from dividends on stock and foreign source interest income continue to be subject to withholding tax; foreign tax credits. Ordinary dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on
the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax. Foreign shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% on the income resulting from an election to pass-through foreign tax credits to shareholders, but may not be able to claim a credit or deduction with respect to the withholding tax for the foreign tax treated as having been paid by them.
Income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. If the
income from the Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends
and any gains realized upon the sale or redemption of shares of the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations and require the filing of a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”) makes non-U.S. persons
subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a U.S. real property interest (“USRPI”) as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA
gain. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in USRPI, including U.S. REITs, which may trigger FIRPTA gain to the Fund’s non-U.S.
shareholders.
The Internal Revenue Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain when a RIC is classified as a qualified investment entity. A RIC will be classified as a qualified investment entity if, in general, 50% or more of the RIC’s assets consist of interests in U.S. REITs, USRPIs and other U.S. real property holding corporations (“USRPHC”). If a RIC is a qualified investment entity and the non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of a class of Fund shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the FIRPTA distribution, the FIRPTA distribution to the non-U.S. shareholder is treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distribution to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the corporate income tax rate (unless reduced by future regulations), and requiring the non-U.S. shareholder to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. In addition, even if the non-U.S. shareholder does not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, the FIRPTA distribution will be taxable as ordinary dividends (rather than as a capital gain or short-term capital gain dividend) subject to withholding at 30% or lower treaty rate.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, the Fund expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions would be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
U.S. estate tax. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a foreign
shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. An individual who, at the time of death, is a non-U.S. shareholder will
nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal estate tax with respect to Fund shares at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents, unless a treaty exemption applies. If a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nonetheless need to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption in order to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) as to which the U.S. federal estate tax lien has been released. In the absence of a treaty, there is a $13,000 statutory estate tax credit (equivalent to U.S. situs assets with a value of $60,000). For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000, the Fund may accept, in lieu of a transfer certificate, an affidavit from an appropriate individual evidencing that decedent’s U.S. situs assets are below this threshold amount.
U.S. tax certification rules. Special U.S. tax certification
requirements may apply to non-U.S. shareholders both to avoid U.S. backup withholding imposed at a rate of 24% and to obtain the benefits of any treaty between the U.S.
and the shareholder’s country of residence. In general, if you are a non-U.S. shareholder, you must provide a Form W-8 BEN (or other applicable Form W-8) to establish that you are not a U.S. person, to claim that you are the beneficial owner of the income and, if applicable, to claim a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding as a resident of a country with which the U.S. has an income tax treaty. A Form W-8 BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number will remain in effect for a period beginning on the date signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless an earlier change of circumstances makes the information on the form incorrect. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.
The
tax consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. shareholders
are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Fund, including the applicability of foreign
tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”). Under
FATCA, the Fund will be required to withhold a 30% tax on income dividends made by the Fund to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions
(“FFI”) or nonfinancial foreign entities (“NFFE”). After December 31, 2018, FATCA withholding also would have applied to certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions and the proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares; however, based on proposed regulations issued by the IRS, which can be relied upon currently, such withholding is no longer required unless final regulations provide otherwise (which is not expected). The FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it meets certification requirements described below. The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements (“IGA”) with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with a number of other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA; an entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding if it is deemed compliant or by becoming a “participating FFI,” which requires the FFI to enter into a U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Internal Revenue Code (“FFI agreement”) under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and meet certain other specified requirements. The FFI will either report the specified information about the U.S. accounts to the IRS, or, to the government of the FFI’s country of residence (pursuant to the terms and conditions of applicable law and an applicable IGA entered into between the U.S. and the FFI’s country of residence), which will, in turn, report the specified information to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
An
NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Fund can avoid the FATCA withholding tax generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners
or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report the information to the Fund or other applicable
withholding agent, which will, in turn, report the information to the IRS.
Such
foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance
regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in
order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of these requirements on their investment in the Fund. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation.
Effect of Future Legislation; Local Tax
Considerations. The foregoing general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is
based on the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. Future legislative or
administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the conclusions
expressed herein, and any such changes or decisions may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein. Rules of state and local taxation of ordinary income, qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends may differ from the rules for U.S. federal income taxation described above. Distributions also may be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in the Fund.
Major Shareholders
Since the Fund has not yet commenced operations, no shareholder owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. To the extent NFA and its affiliates directly or indirectly own, control and hold power to vote 25% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund, it is deemed to have “control” over matters which are subject to a vote of the Fund’s shares. NFA is wholly owned by NFS. NFS, a holding company, is a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Nationwide Corporation. Nationwide Corporation is also a holding company in the Nationwide Insurance Enterprise, which includes NFG. All of the common stock of Nationwide Corporation is held by Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company (95.2%) and Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Company (4.8%), each of which is a mutual company owned by its policyholders.
As of July 29, 2022, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group owned beneficially less than 1% of the shares of any class of the Fund.
APPENDIX A
DEBT RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR’S DEBT RATINGS
A Standard & Poor’s corporate or municipal debt rating is an opinion of the general creditworthiness
of an obligor, or the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a particular debt security or other financial obligation, based on relevant risk factors.
The debt rating does not constitute a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a particular security. In
addition, a rating does not comment on the suitability of an investment for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by Standard & Poor’s from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or for other circumstances.
The ratings are
based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
1.
Likelihood of default - capacity and willingness of the obligor as to its financial
commitments in a timely manner in accordance with the terms of the obligation.
2.
Nature of and provisions of the obligation.
3.
Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of
bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting.
INVESTMENT GRADE
| |
Debt rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard
& Poor’s. Capacity to meet financial commitments is
extremely strong. |
| |
Debt rated ‘AA’ has a very strong capacity to meet financial
commitments and differs from the highest rated issues only
in small degree. |
| |
Debt rated ‘A’ has a strong capacity to meet financial
commitments although it is somewhat more susceptible to the
adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than
debt in higher rated categories. |
| |
Debt rated ‘BBB’ is regarded as having an adequate capacity meet financial commitments. Whereas it normally
exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or
changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened
capacity to meet financial commitments for debt in this category than in higher rated categories. |
SPECULATIVE GRADE
Debt rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’ and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics with respect to
capacity to pay interest and repay principal. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
| |
Debt rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing
uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic
conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet
financial commitments. |
| |
Debt rated ‘B’ has a greater vulnerability to nonpayment than obligations rated BB but currently has the capacity to
meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic
conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to
meet financial commitments. |
| |
Debt rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is
dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic
conditions to meet financial commitments. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments. |
| |
Debt rated ‘CC’ typically is currently highly vulnerable to
nonpayment. |
| |
Debt rated ‘C’ may signify that a bankruptcy petition has been
filed, but debt service payments are continued. |
| |
Debt rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments
are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not
expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that
such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized. |
MOODY’S LONG-TERM DEBT RATINGS
| |
Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with
minimal credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards
and are subject to very low credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated A are to be considered as upper-medium grade
obligations and subject to low credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations,
subject to moderate credit risk and in fact may have
speculative characteristics. |
| |
Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are
subject to substantial credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high
credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are
subject to very high credit risk. |
| |
Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are highly
speculative. Such issues are likely in default, or very
near, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest. |
| |
Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and are
typically in default. There is little prospect for recovery
of principal or interest. |
STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOTES
Excerpts from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., description of state and municipal note
ratings:
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of superior credit quality, enjoying
excellent protection by established cash flows, highly
reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad based access to the market for refinancing. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of strong credit quality, with margins
of protection ample although not so large as in the
preceding group. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of acceptable credit quality, with
possibly narrow liquidity and cash flow protection. Market
access for refinancing is likely to be less well established. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of speculative grade credit quality and may lack sufficient margins of
protection. |
FITCH, INC. BOND RATINGS
Fitch investment grade bond ratings provide a guide to investors in determining the credit risk associated with
a particular security. The ratings represent Fitch’s assessment of the issuer’s ability to meet the obligations of a specific debt issue or class of debt in a timely manner.
The
rating takes into consideration special features of the issue, its relationship to other obligations of the issuer, the current and prospective financial condition and
operating performance of the issuer and any guarantor, as well as the economic and political environment that might affect the issuer’s future financial strength
and credit quality.
Fitch ratings do not
reflect any credit enhancement that may be provided by insurance policies or financial guaranties unless otherwise indicated.
Bonds that have the same rating are of similar but not necessarily identical credit quality since the rating
categories do not fully reflect small differences in the degrees of credit risk.
Fitch ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold any security. Ratings do not comment on the adequacy of market price, the suitability of any security for a particular investor, or the tax-exempt nature or taxability of payments made in respect of any security.
Fitch
ratings are based on information obtained from issuers, other obligors, underwriters, their experts, and other sources Fitch believes to be reliable. Fitch does not audit
or verify the truth or accuracy of such information. Ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or the unavailability of, information or
for other reasons.
| |
Bonds considered investment grade and representing the lowest expectation
of credit risk. The obligor has an exceptionally strong
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, a capacity that is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events. |
| |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality.
This rating indicates a very strong capacity for timely
payment of financial commitments, a capacity that is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
|
| |
Bonds considered to be investment grade and represent a low expectation of
credit risk. This rating indicates a strong capacity for
timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity may,
nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in economic conditions or
circumstances than long term debt with higher
ratings. |
| |
Bonds considered to be in the lowest investment grade and indicates that
there is currently low expectation of credit risk. The
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances are more likely to impair this
capacity. |
| |
Bonds are considered speculative. This rating indicates that there is a
possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the
result of adverse economic changes over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in
this category are not investment grade. |
| |
Bonds are considered highly speculative. This rating indicates that
significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of
safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment. |
| |
Bonds are considered a high default risk. Default is a real possibility.
Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant
upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments. A ‘CC’ rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable. ‘C’ rating signal imminent default. |
| |
Bonds are in default. Such bonds are not meeting current obligations and are extremely speculative.
‘DDD’ designates the highest potential for recovery of amounts
outstanding on any securities involved and ‘D’
represents the lowest potential for recovery. |
SHORT-TERM RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR’S COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A Standard & Poor’s commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt considered short-term in the relevant market.
Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from ‘A-1’ for the highest quality obligations to ‘D’ for the lowest. These categories are as follows:
| |
This highest category indicates that capacity to meet financial
commitments is strong. Those issues determined to possess
extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation. |
| |
Capacity to meet financial commitments is satisfactory, although more
susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. |
| |
Issues carrying this designation have adequate protections. They are,
however, more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions or
changing circumstances which could weaken capacity to meet financial commitments. |
| |
Issues rated ‘B’ are regarded as having significant
speculative characteristics. |
| |
This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations that are vulnerable
to nonpayment and dependent on favorable business,
financial, and economic conditions in order to meet financial commitments. |
| |
Debt rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments
are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not
expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that
such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized. |
STANDARD & POOR’S NOTE RATINGS
An S&P note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market-access risks unique to notes. Notes maturing in
three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating.
The following criteria will be used in making the assessment:
1.
Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities,
the more likely the issue is to be treated as a note.
2.
Source of payment - the more the issue depends on the market for its refinancing, the
more likely it is to be considered a note.
Note rating symbols and definitions are as follows:
| |
Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Issues determined to
possess very strong capacity to pay principal and interest
are given a plus (+) designation. |
| |
Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some
vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over
the term of the notes. |
| |
Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
|
MOODY’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Moody’s short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial
obligations. These obligations have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted. Moody’s employs the following three designations to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated
issuers:
| |
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior
capacity to repay short-term debt obligations. |
| |
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability
to repay short-term debt obligations. |
| |
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable
ability to repay short-term obligations. |
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
MOODY’S NOTE
RATINGS
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of superior credit quality, enjoying
excellent protection by established cash flows, highly
reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of strong credit quality, with margins
of protection ample although not so large as in the
preceding group. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of acceptable credit quality, with
possibly narrow liquidity and cash- flow protection. Market
access for refinancing is likely to be less well established. |
| |
Notes bearing this designation are of speculative-grade credit quality and may lack sufficient margins of
protection. |
FITCH’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS
Fitch’s short-term ratings apply to debt obligations that are payable on demand or have original
maturities of up to three years, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, medium-term notes, and municipal and investment notes.
The short-term rating places greater emphasis than a long-term rating on the existence of liquidity necessary to
meet the issuer’s obligations in a timely manner.
| |
Best quality, indicating exceptionally strong capacity to meet financial
commitments. |
| |
Best quality, indicating strong capacity to meet financial
commitments. |
| |
Good quality with satisfactory capacity to meet financial
commitments. |
| |
Fair quality with adequate capacity to meet financial commitments but near
term adverse conditions could impact the
commitments. |
| |
Speculative quality and minimal capacity to meet commitments and
vulnerability to short-term adverse changes in financial and
economic conditions. |
| |
Possibility of default is high and the financial commitments are dependent
upon sustained, favorable business and economic
conditions. |
| |
In default and has failed to meet its financial commitments.
|
APPENDIX B
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
SUMMARIES
NATIONWIDE FUND
ADVISORS
GENERAL
The Board of Trustees of Nationwide Mutual Funds and Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust (the
“Funds”) has approved the continued delegation of the authority to vote proxies relating to the securities held in the portfolios of the Funds to each Fund’s investment adviser, who in turn may, and typically does, delegate such authority to each Fund’s subadviser(s), as applicable, (unless the investment adviser has entered into specific voting arrangements with the subadviser(s)), some of which advisers and subadvisers use an independent service provider, as described below.
Nationwide Fund Advisors (“NFA” or the “Adviser”), is an investment
adviser that is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the
“Advisers Act”). NFA currently provides investment advisory services to registered investment companies (hereinafter referred to collectively as “Clients”).
Voting
proxies that are received in connection with underlying portfolio securities held by Clients is an important element of the portfolio management services that NFA
performs for Clients. NFA’s goal in performing this service is to make proxy voting decisions: (i) to vote or not to vote proxies in a manner that serves the best
economic interests of Clients; and (ii) that avoid the influence of conflicts of interest. To implement this goal, NFA has adopted proxy voting guidelines (the
“Proxy Voting Guidelines”) to assist it in making proxy voting decisions and in developing procedures for effecting those decisions. The Proxy Voting Guidelines are designed to ensure that, where NFA has the authority to vote proxies, all legal, fiduciary, and contractual obligations will be met.
The Proxy Voting Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures and the election of directors, executive and director compensation, reorganizations, mergers, and various shareholder proposals.
The proxy voting records of the Funds are available to shareholders on the Trust’s website, https://www.nationwide.com/personal/investing/mutual-funds/proxy-voting/, and the SEC’s EDGAR database on its website, sec.gov.
HOW PROXIES ARE VOTED
NFA has delegated to Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), an independent
service provider, the administration of proxy voting for Client portfolio securities directly managed by NFA, subject to oversight by NFA’s “Proxy Voting
Committee.” ISS, a Delaware corporation, provides proxy-voting services to many asset managers on a global basis. The NFA Proxy Voting Committee has reviewed, and will continue to review annually, the relationship with ISS and the quality and effectiveness of the various services provided by ISS.
Specifically, ISS assists NFA in the proxy voting and corporate governance oversight process by developing and updating the “ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines,” which are incorporated into the Proxy Voting Guidelines, and by providing research and analysis, recommendations regarding votes, operational implementation, and recordkeeping and reporting services. ISS also provides NFA with any additional solicitation materials filed by an issuer in response to any ISS recommendation. NFA’s Proxy Voting Committee evaluates any such additional information provided by ISS and uses its best judgement in voting proxies on behalf of Client Accounts. NFA’s decision to retain ISS is based principally on the view that the services that ISS provides, subject to oversight by NFA, generally will result in proxy voting decisions which serve the best economic interests of Clients. NFA has reviewed, analyzed, and determined that the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines are consistent with the views of NFA on the various types of proxy proposals. When the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines do not cover a specific proxy issue and ISS does not provide a recommendation: (i) ISS will notify NFA; and (ii) NFA’s Proxy Voting Committee will use its best judgment in voting proxies on behalf of the Clients. A summary of the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines is set forth below.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
NFA does not engage in investment banking, administration or management of corporate retirement plans, or any other activity that is likely to create a potential conflict of interest. In addition, because Client proxies are voted by ISS pursuant to the pre-determined ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines, NFA generally does not make an actual determination of how to vote a particular proxy, and, therefore, proxies voted on behalf of Clients do not reflect any conflict of interest. Nevertheless, the Proxy Voting Guidelines address the possibility of such a conflict of interest arising.
The Proxy Voting Guidelines provide that, if a proxy proposal were to create a conflict of
interest between the interests of a Client and those of NFA (or between a Client and those of any of NFA’s affiliates, including Nationwide Fund Distributors
LLC and Nationwide), then the proxy should be voted strictly in conformity with the recommendation of ISS. To monitor compliance with this policy, any proposed or actual deviation from a recommendation of ISS must be reported by the NFA Proxy Voting Committee to the chief counsel for NFA. The chief counsel for NFA then will provide guidance concerning the proposed deviation and whether a deviation presents any potential conflict of interest. If NFA then casts a proxy vote that deviates from an ISS recommendation, the affected Client (or other appropriate Client authority) will be given a report of this deviation.
CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH PROXIES WILL NOT BE VOTED
NFA shall attempt to process every vote for all domestic and foreign proxies that they receive; however, there
may be cases in which NFA will not process a proxy because it is impractical or too expensive to do so. For example, NFA will not process a proxy in connection with a foreign security if the cost of voting a foreign proxy outweighs the benefit of voting the foreign proxy, when NFA has not been given enough time to process the vote, or when a sell order for the foreign security is outstanding and proxy voting would impede the sale of the foreign security. Also, NFA generally will not seek to recall the securities on loan for the purpose of voting the securities -- except, in regard to a sub-advised Fund, for those proxy votes that a subadviser (retained to manage the
sub-advised Fund and overseen by NFA) has determined could materially affect the security on loan. The Firm will seek to have the appropriate Subadviser(s) vote those
proxies relating to securities on loan that are held by a Sub-advised Nationwide Fund that the Subadviser(s) has determined could materially affect the security on
loan.
DELEGATION OF PROXY VOTING TO SUBADVISERS TO FUNDS
For any Fund, or portion of a Fund that is directly managed by a subadviser, the Trustees of the Fund and NFA have delegated proxy voting authority to that subadviser. Each subadviser has provided its proxy voting policies to NFA for review and these proxy voting policies are described elsewhere in this Appendix B. Each subadviser is required to represent quarterly to NFA that (1) all proxies of the Fund(s) managed by the subadviser were voted in accordance with the subadviser’s proxy voting policies as provided to NFA, unless NFA has entered into specific voting arrangements with the subadviser; (2) there have been no material changes to the subadviser’s proxy voting policies; and (3) all proxies voted by the subadviser were cast as intended.
ISS’ 2021 U.S. Proxy Voting Concise Guidelines
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
General Recommendation: Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new
nominees1 considered on case-by-case basis):
Independence
Vote against2 or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and
Non-Independent Non-Executive Directors per ISS’ Classification of Directors) when:
•Independent directors comprise 50 percent or less of the board;
•The non-independent
director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating committee;
•The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating
committee so that the full board functions as that committee; or
•The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the
board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee.
Composition
Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings: Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees
who served only part of the fiscal year3) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period
for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally
limited to the following:
•Medical issues/illness;
•Family emergencies;
and
•Missing
only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).
In cases of chronic poor
attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate
members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.
If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.
Overboarded Directors: Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:
•Sit on more than five public company boards; or
•Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own— withhold only at their outside boards4.
Gender
Diversity:
For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or
withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company's board. An exception will be made if there was a woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to return to a gender-diverse status within a year.
Racial and/or Ethnic Diversity: For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500
indices, highlight boards with no apparent racial and/or ethnic diversity5.
For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, effective for meetings on or after Feb. 1, 2022,
generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) where the board has no apparent racially or ethnically diverse members. An exception will be made if there was racial and/or ethnic diversity on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to appoint at least one racial and/or ethnic diverse member within a year.
Responsiveness
Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate
if:
•The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year or failed to act on a management proposal seeking to ratify an existing charter/bylaw provision that received opposition of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are:
•Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the
wake of the vote;
•Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation;
•The subject matter of the proposal;
•The
level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings;
•Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and
its engagement with shareholders;
•The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and
•Other factors as appropriate.
•The board failed to act
on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered;
•At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote.
Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:
•The company’s previous say-on-pay received the support
of less than 70 percent of votes cast. Factors that will be considered are:
•The company's response, including:
•Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated);
•Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting
shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition;
•Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns;
•Other recent compensation actions taken by the
company;
•Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;
•The company's ownership structure; and
•Whether
the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.
•The board implements an advisory vote on executive
compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast.
Accountability
Problematic Takeover Defenses/Governance Structure
Poison Pills: Vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if:
•The company has a poison pill that was not approved by shareholders6. However, vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial pill with a term of one year or less, depending on the disclosed rationale for the adoption, and other factors as relevant (such as a commitment to put any renewal to a shareholder vote);
•The board makes a material adverse modification to an
existing pill, including, but not limited to, extension, renewal, or lowering the trigger, without shareholder approval; or
•The pill, whether
short-term7 or long-term, has a deadhand or slowhand
feature.
Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at
the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held
accountable.
Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board
structure.
Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor
performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s
four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic
provisions include but are not limited to:
•A classified board structure;
•A supermajority vote
requirement;
•Either a plurality vote
standard in uncontested director elections, or a majority vote standard in contested elections;
•The inability of shareholders to call special meetings;
•The inability of shareholders to act by written consent;
•A multi-class capital
structure; and/or
•A non-shareholder-approved poison pill.
Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures: Generally vote
against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company's bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders' rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:
•The
board's rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification;
•Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment;
•The level of impairment of shareholders' rights caused by the board's unilateral
amendment to the bylaws/charter;
•The board's track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions;
•The company's ownership structure;
•The company's existing
governance provisions;
•The timing of the board's amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development; and
•Other factors, as deemed
appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders.
Unless
the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case- by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except
new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the
directors:
•Classified
the board;
•Adopted supermajority
vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or
•Eliminated shareholders' ability to amend bylaws.
Problematic Capital Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public
companies8, generally vote against or withhold from the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public
offering, the company or its board implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights without subjecting the multi-class capital
structure to a reasonable time-based sunset. In assessing the reasonableness of a time-based sunset provision, consideration will be given to the company’s
lifespan, its post-IPO ownership structure and the board’s disclosed rationale for the sunset period selected. No sunset period of more than seven years from the date of the IPO will be considered to be reasonable.
Continue to vote against or withhold from incumbent directors in subsequent years, unless the problematic capital structure is reversed or removed.
Problematic Governance Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public
companies8, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:
•Supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter;
•A classified board structure; or
•Other egregious
provisions.
A reasonable sunset provision will be considered a mitigating factor.
Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent
years.
Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions: Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full
board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:
•The
presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot;
•The board's rationale for seeking ratification;
•Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal
fail;
•Disclosure of shareholder
engagement regarding the board’s ratification request;
•The level of impairment to shareholders' rights caused by the existing provision;
•The history of management
and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company’s past meetings;
•Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal;
•The company's ownership structure; and
•Previous use of
ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals.
Restrictions on
Shareholders’ Rights
Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals: Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:
•The company’s governing documents impose undue restrictions on shareholders’ ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include, but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals, or share ownership requirements, subject matter restrictions, or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis.
Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders' rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.
Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the Audit Committee if:
•The
non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive;
•The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or
•There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.
Vote case-by-case on
members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:
•Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a
level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity,
breadth, chronological sequence, and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether withhold/against votes are warranted.
Problematic Compensation Practices
In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
•There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance
(pay for performance);
•The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; or
•The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness
to shareholders.
Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other
committee members, or potentially the full board if:
•The company fails to include a Say on Pay ballot item when
required under SEC provisions, or under the company’s declared frequency of say on pay; or
•The company fails to include a Frequency of Say on Pay ballot item when required
under SEC provisions.
Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for
approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e., two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.
Problematic Pledging of Company Stock:
Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a
significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:
•The
presence of an anti-pledging policy, disclosed in the proxy statement, that prohibits future pledging activity;
•The magnitude of aggregate pledged shares in terms of total
common shares outstanding, market value, and trading volume;
•Disclosure of progress or lack thereof in reducing the magnitude of aggregate
pledged shares over time;
•Disclosure in the proxy statement that shares subject to stock ownership and holding requirements do not include pledged company stock; and
•Any other relevant factors.
Governance Failures
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
•Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight9, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;
•Failure to replace
management as appropriate; or
•Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote-No Campaigns
General Recommendation: In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public
“vote-no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into
consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information.
Proxy Contests/Proxy Access
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested
elections, considering the following factors:
•Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its
industry;
•Management’s track
record;
•Background to the
contested election;
•Nominee qualifications and any compensatory arrangements;
•Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of the critique against
management;
•Likelihood that the
proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and
•Stock ownership positions.
In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).
Other Board-Related Proposals
Board Refreshment
Board refreshment is best implemented through an ongoing program of individual director evaluations, conducted
annually, to ensure the evolving needs of the board are met and to bring in fresh perspectives, skills, and diversity as needed.
Term/Tenure Limits
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on management proposals regarding director term/tenure limits, considering:
•The rationale provided for adoption of the term/tenure limit;
•The robustness of the
company’s board evaluation process;
•Whether the limit is of sufficient length to allow for a broad range of director tenures;
•Whether the limit would disadvantage independent directors compared to
non-independent directors; and
•Whether the board will impose the limit evenly, and not have the ability to waive it in a discriminatory manner.
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals asking for the company to adopt director term/tenure limits,
considering:
•The scope of the shareholder proposal; and
•Evidence of problematic issues at the company combined with, or exacerbated by,
a lack of board refreshment.
Age Limits
General Recommendation: Generally vote against management and shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of independent
directors through mandatory retirement ages. Vote for proposals to remove mandatory age limits.
Independent Board Chair
General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following:
•The scope and rationale of the proposal;
•The company's current
board leadership structure;
•The company's governance structure and practices;
•Company performance; and
•Any other relevant
factors that may be applicable.
The following factors will increase the likelihood of a
“for” recommendation:
•A majority non-independent board and/or the presence of non-independent directors on key board committees;
•A weak or poorly-defined lead independent director role that fails to serve as an appropriate counterbalance to a combined CEO/chair role;
•The presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO, a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair, and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair;
•Evidence that the board has failed to oversee and address material risks facing
the company;
•A material governance failure, particularly if the board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns or if the board has materially diminished shareholder rights; or
•Evidence that the board has failed to intervene when management’s
interests are contrary to shareholders' interests.
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS &
DEFENSES
Advance Notice Requirements for Shareholder
Proposals/Nominations
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on advance notice proposals, giving support to those proposals which allow
shareholders to submit proposals/nominations as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible, recognizing the need to allow sufficient notice for company, regulatory, and shareholder review.
To be reasonable, the company’s deadline for shareholder notice of a proposal/nominations must be no
earlier than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the previous year’s meeting and have a submittal window of no shorter than 30 days from the beginning of the notice period (also known as a 90-120 day window).The submittal window is the period under which shareholders must file their proposals/nominations prior to the deadline.
In general, support
additional efforts by companies to ensure full disclosure in regard to a proponent’s economic and voting position in the company so long as the informational
requirements are reasonable and aimed at providing shareholders with the necessary information to review such proposals.
Shareholder Litigation Rights
Federal Forum Selection Provisions
Federal forum selection provisions require that U.S. federal courts be the sole forum for shareholders to
litigate claims arising under federal securities law.
General Recommendation: Generally vote for federal forum selection provisions in the
charter or bylaws that specify “the district courts of the United States” as the exclusive forum for federal securities law matters, in the absence of serious
concerns about corporate governance or board responsiveness to shareholders.
Vote against provisions that restrict the forum to a particular federal district court; unilateral adoption (without a shareholder vote) of such a provision will generally be considered a one-time failure under the Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.
Exclusive Forum Provisions for State Law Matters
Exclusive forum provisions in the charter or bylaws restrict shareholders’ ability to bring derivative
lawsuits against the company, for claims arising out of state corporate law, to the courts of a particular state (generally the state of incorporation).
General Recommendation: Generally vote for charter or bylaw provisions that specify courts located within the state of Delaware
as the exclusive forum for corporate law matters for Delaware corporations, in the absence of serious concerns about corporate governance or board responsiveness to
shareholders.
For states other than Delaware, vote case-by-case on exclusive forum provisions,
taking into consideration:
•The company's stated rationale for adopting such a provision;
•Disclosure of past harm from duplicative shareholder lawsuits in more than one
forum;
•The breadth of application of the charter or bylaw provision, including the types of lawsuits to which it would apply and the definition of key terms; and
•Governance features such as shareholders' ability to repeal
the provision at a later date (including the vote standard applied when shareholders attempt to amend the charter or bylaws) and their ability to hold directors
accountable through annual director elections and a majority vote standard in uncontested elections.
Generally vote against provisions that specify a state other than the state of incorporation as the exclusive
forum for corporate law matters, or that specify a particular local court within the state; unilateral adoption of such a provision will generally be considered a one-time failure under the Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.
Fee Shifting
Fee-shifting provisions in the charter or bylaws require that a shareholder who sues a company unsuccessfully
pay all litigation expenses of the defendant corporation and its directors and officers.
General Recommendation: Generally vote against provisions that mandate fee-shifting
whenever plaintiffs are not completely successful on the merits (i.e., including cases where the plaintiffs are partially successful).
Unilateral adoption of a fee-shifting provision will generally be considered an ongoing failure under the
Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments policy.
Virtual
Shareholder Meetings
General Recommendation: Generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by
electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only10 meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and
opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in-person meeting.
Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals concerning virtual-only meetings, considering:
•Scope and
rationale of the proposal; and
•Concerns identified with the company’s prior meeting practices.
CAPITAL/RESTRUCTURING
Common Stock Authorization
General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common
shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support.
Vote against proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of
authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote against proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.
Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
•Past Board Performance:
•The
company's use of authorized shares during the last three years;
•The Current Request:
•Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of
the proposed increase;
•Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and
•The dilutive impact of the request as determined relative to an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company's need for shares and total shareholder returns.
ISS will apply the relevant allowable increase below to requests to increase common stock that are for general
corporate purposes (or to the general corporate purposes portion of a request that also includes a specific need):
•Most
companies: 100 percent of existing authorized shares.
•Companies with less than 50 percent of existing authorized shares either outstanding or reserved for issuance: 50 percent of existing authorized shares.
•Companies with one- and three-year total shareholder returns
(TSRs) in the bottom 10 percent of the U.S. market as of the end of the calendar quarter that is closest to their most recent fiscal year end: 50 percent of existing
authorized shares.
•Companies at which both conditions above are both present: 25 percent of existing authorized shares.
If there is an acquisition, private placement, or similar transaction on the ballot (not including equity
incentive plans) that ISS is recommending FOR, the allowable increase will be the greater of (i) twice the amount needed to support the transactions on the ballot, and (ii) the allowable increase as calculated above.
Mergers
and Acquisitions
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the
proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:
•Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target
shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is
placed on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.
•Market reaction - How has the market responded to the
proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.
•Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense
strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should
also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.
•Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction
negotiated at arm's-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins”
can also signify the deal makers' competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.
•Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the
transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the
company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the “ISS Transaction Summary” section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.
•Governance - Will the combined company have a better or
worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the
burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.
COMPENSATION
Executive Pay Evaluation
•Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that
most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
•Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;
•Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation;
•Maintain an independent and effective compensation
committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation
decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);
•Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;
•Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors is reasonable and does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices.
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Say-on-Pay)
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.
Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or “SOP”) if:
•There is
an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);
•The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;
•The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness
to shareholders.
Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and
potentially the full board if:
•There is no SOP on the ballot, and an against vote on an SOP would otherwise be warranted due to pay-for- performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;
•The board fails to respond adequately to a previous SOP
proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast;
•The company has recently practiced or approved problematic
pay practices, such as option repricing or option backdating; or
•The situation is egregious.
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay-for-Performance Evaluation
ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay
and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices11, this analysis considers the following:
1. Peer Group12 Alignment:
•The degree of alignment between the company's annualized TSR
rank and the CEO's annualized total pay rank within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period.
•The rankings of CEO total pay and company financial performance within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period.
•The multiple of the CEO's total pay relative to the peer group median in the most recent fiscal year.
2. Absolute Alignment13 – the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and
company TSR over the prior five fiscal years– i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period.
If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the
case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:
•The ratio of performance- to time-based incentive awards;
•The overall ratio of
performance-based compensation to fixed or discretionary pay;
•The rigor of performance goals;
•The complexity and risks
around pay program design;
•The transparency and clarity of disclosure;
•The company's peer group benchmarking practices;
•Financial/operational
results, both absolute and relative to peers;
•Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards);
•Realizable pay14 compared to grant pay; and
•Any other factors deemed relevant.
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles,
including:
•Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;
•Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking or present a windfall risk;
and
•Pay
decisions that circumvent pay-for-performance, such as options backdating or waiving performance requirements.
Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company's overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS' U.S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
•Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARs
without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options);
•Extraordinary perquisites or tax gross-ups;
•New or materially amended
agreements that provide for:
•Excessive termination or CIC severance payments (generally exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus);
•CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or
substantial diminution of duties (“single” or “modified single” triggers) or in connection with a problematic Good Reason definition;
•CIC
excise tax gross-up entitlements (including “modified” gross-ups);
•Multi-year guaranteed awards that are not at risk due to rigorous performance conditions;
•Liberal CIC definition combined with any single-trigger CIC
benefits;
•Insufficient executive compensation disclosure by externally-managed issuers (EMIs) such that a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to the EMI's executives is not possible;
•Any other provision or practice deemed to be egregious and present a significant
risk to investors.
Options Backdating
The following factors should be examined case-by-case to allow for distinctions to be made between
“sloppy” plan administration versus deliberate action or fraud:
•Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs.
deliberate grant date changes;
•Duration of options backdating;
•Size of restatement due
to options backdating;
•Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and
•Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating and
creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.
Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:
•Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay
topics; or
•Failure to adequately respond to the company's previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:
•Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional
investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated);
•Disclosure
of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition;
•Disclosure
of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns;
•Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;
•Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;
•The company's ownership structure; and
•Whether
the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Please refer to ISS' U.S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.
General
Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans15 depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an “Equity Plan Scorecard” (EPSC) approach with three pillars:
Plan Cost: The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to
industry/market cap peers, measured by the company's estimated Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) in relation to peers and considering both:
•SVT based on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants, plus outstanding unvested/unexercised grants; and
•SVT based only on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants.
Plan Features:
•Quality of
disclosure around vesting upon a change in control (CIC);
•Discretionary vesting authority;
•Liberal share recycling
on various award types;
•Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan;
•Dividends payable prior to award vesting.
Grant Practices:
•The company’s three-year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap
peers;
•Vesting requirements in
CEO’s recent equity grants (3-year look-back);
•The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years);
•The proportion of the CEO's most recent equity grants/awards subject to
performance conditions;
•Whether the company maintains a sufficient claw-back policy;
•Whether the company maintains sufficient post-exercise/vesting share-holding
requirements.
Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors
indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders' interests, or if any of the following egregious factors (“overriding factors”) apply:
•Awards may
vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition;
•The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it– for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies– or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing– for non-listed companies);
•The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances;
•The plan is excessively dilutive to shareholders’ holdings;
•The plan contains an evergreen (automatic share replenishment) feature; or
•Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on
shareholder interests.
SOCIAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Global Approach
Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety,
environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.
General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether
implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered:
•If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;
•If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;
•Whether the proposal's
request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive;
•The company's approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;
•Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's environmental or social practices;
•If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater
transparency, whether reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources;
and
•If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
General Recommendation: Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company
disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering:
•Whether the company already provides current,
publicly-available information on the impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks
and/or opportunities;
•The company's level of disclosure compared to industry peers; and
•Whether there are significant controversies, fines,
penalties, or litigation associated with the company's climate change-related performance.
Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:
•The company already discloses current, publicly-available
information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or
opportunities;
•The company's level of
disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and
•There are no significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's GHG emissions.
Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations,
taking into account:
•Whether
the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data;
•Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;
•The company's actual GHG emissions performance;
•The company's current GHG
emission policies, oversight mechanisms, and related initiatives; and
•Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions.
Gender, Race/Ethnicity Pay Gap
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company's pay
data by gender or race/ethnicity, or a report on a company’s policies and goals to reduce any gender or race/ethnicity pay gaps, taking into account:
•The company's current policies and disclosure related to both its diversity and inclusion policies and practices and its compensation philosophy on fair and equitable compensation practices;
•Whether the company has been the subject of recent
controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap issues;
•The company’s disclosure regarding gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap policies or initiatives compared to its industry peers; and
•Local laws regarding categorization of race and/or ethnicity and definitions of ethnic and/or racial minorities.
Mandatory Arbitration
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for a report on a company’s use of mandatory
arbitration on employment-related claims, taking into account:
•The company's current policies and practices related to the
use of mandatory arbitration agreements on workplace claims;
•Whether the company has been the subject of recent
controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to the use of mandatory arbitration agreements on workplace claims; and
•The company's disclosure of its policies and practices related to the use of mandatory arbitration agreements compared to its peers.
Sexual Harassment
General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on requests for a report on company actions taken to strengthen policies and
oversight to prevent workplace sexual harassment, or a report on risks posed by a company’s failure to prevent workplace sexual harassment, taking into account:
•The company's current policies, practices, oversight mechanisms related to
preventing workplace sexual harassment;
•Whether the company has been the subject of recent controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to workplace sexual harassment issues; and
•The company's disclosure regarding workplace sexual harassment policies or initiatives compared to its industry peers.
FOOTNOTES
1 A “new nominee” is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.
2 In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.
3 Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from
the attendance policy.
4 Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (˃50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent, but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.
5 Aggregate diversity statistics provided by the board will only be considered if
specific to racial and/or ethnic diversity.
6 Public shareholders only, approval prior to a company’s becoming public is
insufficient.
7 If the short-term pill with a deadhand or slowhand feature is enacted but expires before the next shareholder vote, ISS will generally still recommend withhold/against nominees at the next shareholder meeting following its adoption.
8 Newly-public companies generally include companies that emerge from bankruptcy,
spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.
9 Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery;
large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; demonstrably poor risk oversight of environmental and social issues, including climate change; significant
adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.
10 Virtual-only shareholder meeting” refers to a meeting of shareholders that
is held exclusively using technology without a corresponding in-person meeting.
11 The Russell 3000E Index includes approximately 4,000 of the largest U.S. equity
securities.
12 The revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected
using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group, and company's selected peers' GICS industry group, with size constraints, via a
process designed to select peers that are comparable to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry, and also within a market-cap bucket that is reflective
of the company's. For Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels companies, market cap is the only size determinant.
13 Only Russell 3000 Index companies are subject to the Absolute Alignment
analysis.
14 ISS research reports include realizable pay for S&P1500 companies.
15 Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.
JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC. (“Jacobs
Levy”)
Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders. Jacobs Levy recognizes that
reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised. When Jacobs Levy has discretion to vote the proxies of its clients, proxies will be voted in their best interests in accordance with Jacobs Levy’s policies and procedures.
Unless a client has provided specific voting guidelines, Jacobs Levy will generally vote proxies in accordance
with recommendations provided by Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), a third-party provider of proxy analyses and voting recommendations. However, there are specific proxy issues that Jacobs Levy has identified with respect to which it will vote with management and others with respect to which it will vote against management. Jacobs Levy generally votes in favor of routine corporate governance proposals. Jacobs Levy’s policy is generally to vote against proposals that act to entrench management. There are other circumstances in which Jacobs Levy may vote in a manner which differs from ISS’s recommendation. Jacobs Levy does not typically make case-by-case judgments regarding how a proxy vote will affect a particular investment.
If a
material conflict of interest arises, Jacobs Levy will determine whether voting in accordance with the voting guidelines and factors described above is in the best
interests of the clients or whether some alternative action is appropriate, including, without limitation, following the ISS recommendation.
Appendix C
Portfolio Managers
INVESTMENTS IN THE FUND
Name of Portfolio
Manager |
|
Dollar Range of
Investments in
the Fund as of
May 31, 2022 |
Jacobs Levy Equity Management,
Inc. |
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Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
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Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
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DESCRIPTION OF COMPENSATION STRUCTURE
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (“Jacobs Levy”)
Each portfolio manager receives a fixed salary and a percentage of the profits of Jacobs Levy, which is based
upon the portfolio manager’s ownership interest in the firm. Jacobs Levy’s profits are derived from the fees the firm receives from managing client accounts. For most client accounts, the firm receives a fee based upon a percentage of assets under management (the “basic fee”). For some accounts, the firm receives a fee that is adjusted based upon the performance of the account compared to a benchmark. The type of performance adjusted fee, the measurement period for the fee and the benchmark vary by client. In some cases, the basic fee is adjusted based upon the trailing returns (e.g., annualized trailing 12 quarter returns) of the account relative to an annualized benchmark return plus a specified number of basis points. In other cases, the firm receives the basic fee and a percentage of the profits in excess of a benchmark.
OTHER MANAGED ACCOUNTS
The following chart summarizes information regarding accounts, including the Fund(s), for which each portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities. Accounts are grouped into the following three categories: (1) mutual funds; (2) other pooled investment vehicles; and (3) other accounts. To the extent that any of these accounts pay advisory fees that are based on account performance (“performance-based fees”), information on those accounts is provided separately.
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts Managed by Each Portfolio Manager and
Total Assets by Category (As of May 31,
2022) |
Jacobs Levy Equity Management,
Inc. |
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Mutual Funds: 10 accounts, $2,378 million total assets (0 accounts, $0
total assets for which the advisory fee is based on
performance) |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 12 accounts, $2,512 million total assets
(1 account, $228.04 million total assets for which the
advisory fee is based on performance)
|
Other Accounts: 93 accounts, $8,757 million total assets (7 accounts,
$4,179 million total assets for which the advisory fee is
based on performance) |
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Mutual Funds: 10 accounts, $2,378 million total assets (0 accounts, $0
total assets for which the advisory fee is based on
performance) |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: 12 accounts, $2,512 million total assets
(1 account, $228.04 million total assets for which the
advisory fee is based on performance)
|
Other Accounts: 93 accounts, $8,757 million total assets (7 accounts, $4,179 million
total assets for which the advisory fee is based on
performance) |
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (“Jacobs Levy”)
Jacobs Levy and its investment personnel provide investment management services to multiple accounts, including
the Fund’s account. The Portfolio Managers, Bruce Jacobs and Ken Levy, jointly manage all Jacobs Levy-managed accounts with the support of the firm’s other investment professionals. Providing investment management services to multiple accounts simultaneously may give rise to certain potential conflicts of interest because accounts may have investment objectives and/or strategies that are similar to or different from those of the Fund. Jacobs Levy may make investment decisions for certain accounts that are not necessarily consistent with the decisions made for other accounts. As such, performance among accounts (including the Fund’s account) may differ. Conflicts may also arise in the allocation of transactions among client accounts with different fee arrangements and accounts in which the firm or the Portfolio Managers may have an ownership or financial interest.
Jacobs Levy
is entitled to be paid performance-based compensation by certain accounts it manages. Jacobs Levy’s revenue may be increased by its receipt of performance-based
fees. In addition, certain client accounts may have higher asset-based fees or more favorable performance-based compensation arrangements than other accounts. Jacobs Levy
and the Portfolio Managers, whose compensation is derived primarily through their equity share in Jacobs Levy, may have an incentive to favor client accounts that pay the firm performance-based compensation or higher fees.
Jacobs Levy manages a number of proprietary accounts alongside client accounts. These proprietary accounts may invest in the same securities that Jacobs Levy recommends to or buys or sells for client accounts (including the Fund’s account). Jacobs Levy typically aggregates trades for proprietary and client accounts. These proprietary accounts may have investment objectives and/or strategies which are similar to or different from those of the Fund. Jacobs Levy may make investment decisions for proprietary accounts that are not necessarily consistent with the decisions made regarding client investments (including investments for the Fund). As such, the performance of these proprietary accounts may differ from the performance of client accounts (including the Fund’s account).
Jacobs Levy has adopted and implemented policies and procedures intended to address conflicts of interest relating to the management of multiple accounts. Jacobs Levy reviews statistical allocation reports periodically to determine whether accounts are treated, in its view, fairly. The performance of similarly managed accounts is also compared periodically to determine whether there are any unexplained significant discrepancies. In addition, Jacobs Levy has adopted procedures, which, in its view, are reasonably designed to create a fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities over time among accounts.
Jacobs Levy
provides model portfolios to one or more of its clients for which Jacobs Levy does not have investment discretion. Jacobs Levy may execute trades for other clients whose
accounts utilize the same investment strategy as the model(s). Since Jacobs Levy does not have discretion to execute trades for its model portfolio client(s), it is
possible that trading based on the model portfolio will occur at the same or different times for Jacobs Levy’s discretionary clients and for its model portfolio client(s), and therefore that trading conducted for one client will impact the value at which the relevant securities trade for another client.
PART
C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28.
EXHIBITS
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Certificates for shares are not issued. Articles III, V, and VI of the Amended Declaration and Article VII of the Amended
Bylaws, incorporated by reference to Exhibit (a) and (b) hereto, define
rights of holders of shares. |
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Investment Advisory Agreements |
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ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
No person is presently controlled by or under common control with Registrant.
ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION
Indemnification provisions for officers, directors and employees of the Registrant are set forth in Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended Declaration. See Item 28(a) above.
The Trust has entered into indemnification agreements with each of the trustees and certain of its officers. The indemnification agreements provide that the Trust will indemnify the indemnitee for and against any and all judgments, penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement, and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by indemnitee in connection with a proceeding that the indemnitee is a party to or is threatened to be made a party to (other than certain exceptions specified in the agreements), to the maximum extent not expressly prohibited by Delaware law or applicable federal securities law and regulations (including, without limitation, Section 17(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations issued with respect thereto by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission). The Trust also will indemnify indemnitee for and against all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by indemnitee in connection with any proceeding to which indemnitee is or is threatened to be made a witness but not a party. See Item 23(h)(4) above.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND
OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER
(a)
Nationwide Fund Advisors (“NFA”), the investment adviser to the Trust,
also serves as investment adviser to Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of NFA have not been engaged in
any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of NFA or its affiliates.
Each of the following persons serves in the same or similar capacity with one or more
affiliates of Nationwide Fund Advisors. The address for the persons listed below, except as otherwise noted, is One Nationwide Plaza, Columbus, OH 43215.
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President and Chief Operating Officer of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. |
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President and Chief Executive Officer of Nationwide Funds Group, which includes NFA, NFM and NFD; Senior Vice President of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. and Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company; President of Nationwide Securities, LLC |
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer |
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Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Operations of Nationwide Funds Group; Vice President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
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Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Operations |
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Senior Vice President of NFA and Chief Compliance Officer of NFA and the Trust; Vice President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
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Senior Vice President and Head of Taxation of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Senior Vice President and Head of Taxation |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Counsel of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Senior Vice President and Secretary |
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Senior Vice President, Director and Chief Financial Officer of Nationwide Financial Services, Inc. |
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Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Secretary for Nationwide Funds Group; Vice President of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary |
Secretary, Vice President and Associate General Counsel |
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Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
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Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
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Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
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Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
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Vice President-Enterprise Governance & Finance Legal of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
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Associate Vice President and Assistant Secretary of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
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Assistant Secretary of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
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Assistant Secretary of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company |
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(b)
BlackRock Investment Management, LLC (“BlackRock”) acts as subadviser to
the Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund, Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund, Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund, Nationwide Bond Index Fund, Nationwide International Index Fund, Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio and Nationwide Bond Portfolio. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of BlackRock have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(c)
Nationwide Asset Management, LLC (“NWAM”) acts as subadviser to the
Nationwide Bond Fund and Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of NWAM have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(d)
Dreyfus Cash Investment Strategies, a division of BNY Mellon Investment Adviser,
Inc. (“Dreyfus”), acts as subadviser to the Nationwide Government Money Market Fund. Dreyfus also acts as an investment adviser or subadviser to other investment companies. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Dreyfus have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(e)
Mellon Investments Corporation (“Mellon”) acts as subadviser to the
Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Mellon have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(f)
Brown Capital Management, LLC (“Brown Capital”) acts as subadviser to
the Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Brown Capital have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee of affiliated entities.
(g)
UBS Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (“UBS AM”) acts as subadviser to
the Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of UBS AM have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(h)
Bailard, Inc. (“Bailard”) acts as subadviser to the Nationwide Bailard
Cognitive Value Fund, Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund and Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Bailard have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities. Bailard provides real estate services (such as identifying and recommending potential property acquisitions and dispositions, supervising day-to-day property management and providing real estate research) to a client that is an affiliated private real estate investment trust.
(i)
Geneva Capital Management LLC (“Geneva”) acts as subadviser to the
Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund and Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Geneva have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(j)
Aberdeen Standard Alternative Funds Limited (“Aberdeen ASAFL”) acts as
subadviser to the Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of ASAFL have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(k)
Amundi Asset Management US, Inc. (“Amundi AM US”) acts as subadviser to
the Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund and Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund. Except as noted below, the directors and officers of Amundi AM US have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
Name and Position with APIAM |
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Position with Other Company |
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The Investment Company Institute |
Member- Board of Governors |
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MIT Sloan Finance Group Advisory Board |
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Member of Finance Committee |
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Suffolk University MSF Advisory Board |
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Trustee and Member of the Investment Committee |
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Raising a Reader Massachusetts |
Member of Finance and Audit Committee |
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Raising a Reader Massachusetts |
Chair of Board of Trustees |
(l)
Wellington Management Company LLP (“Wellington Management”) acts as
subadviser to the Nationwide International Small Cap Fund and Nationwide Fund. Wellington Management is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. During the past two fiscal years, no partner of Wellington Management has engaged in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than that of the business of investment management.
(m)
Loomis, Sayles & Company, L.P. (“Loomis Sayles”) acts as subadviser
to the Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund, Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund and Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund. The address of Loomis Sayles is One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. Loomis Sayles is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Except as noted below, the directors and officers of Loomis Sayles have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past fiscal years, other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
Name and Position with Loomis Sayles |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
Kevin P. Charleston Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director |
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Name and Position with Loomis Sayles |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
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Natixis Funds Trust I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Natixis Funds Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Natixis Funds Trust IV 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Natixis ETF Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Gateway Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
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Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA
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Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Loomis Sayles Investments Asia Pte. Ltd. 10 Collyer Quay #14-06, Ocean Financial Centre, Singapore 049315 |
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Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director, Chairman and President |
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NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director, Chairman and President |
Matthew J. Eagan Executive Vice President and Director |
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Daniel J. Fuss Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President and Director |
Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Executive Vice President (2003 to 2021) |
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Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Executive Vice President (2003 to 2021) |
John R. Gidman Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
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Loomis Sayles Solutions, LLC (dissolved) One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director and Chief Executive Officer |
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NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis Investment Managers 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer, US |
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Natixis Advisors, LLC 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer
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Compliance, Risk and Internal Control Committee (formerly knowns as Natixis Distribution Corporation) 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis Distribution, LLC 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
President and Chief Executive Officer
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Name and Position with Loomis Sayles |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
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Loomis Sayles Funds I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee and Executive Vice President |
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Loomis Sayles Funds II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis Funds Trust I 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis Funds Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis Funds Trust IV 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis ETF Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Natixis ETF Trust II 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
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Gateway Trust 888 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02199 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |
Aziz V. Hamzaogullari Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer of the Growth Equity Strategies and Director |
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Maurice Leger Director of Global Institutional Services, Executive Vice President and Director |
Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Jean S. Loewenberg Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Director |
Loomis Sayles Distributors, Inc. One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Loomis Sayles Investments Limited The Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
General Counsel and Secretary |
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Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Loomis Sayles Operating Services, LLC, One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director and General Counsel |
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NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Director and General Counsel |
Richard G. Raczkowski Executive Vice President and Director |
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John F. Russell Executive Vice President and Director |
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Susan SiekerExecutive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director (2021) |
Loomis Sayles Investments LimitedThe Economist Plaza, 25 St. James’s Street, London, England SW1A 1 HA |
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Loomis Sayles Trust Company, LLCOne Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
Manager and Chief Financial Officer |
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NIM-os, LLC One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111 |
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Name and Position with Loomis Sayles |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
Elaine M. Stokes Executive Vice President and Director |
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David L. Waldman Executive Vice President, Deputy Chief Investment Officer (2013-2021), Chief Investment Officer (2021) and Director |
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(n)
Diamond Hill Capital Management, Inc. (“Diamond Hill”) acts as
subadviser to the Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund. Diamond Hill is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. To the
knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Diamond Hill have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(o)
WCM Investment Management (“WCMIM”) acts as subadviser to the Nationwide
WCM Focused Small Cap Fund. WCMIM is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of WCMIM have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(p)
Western Asset Management Company, LLC (“Western Asset”) acts as
subadviser to the Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio. Western Asset is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”) and an indirect
wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Resources”) and is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. During the last two fiscal years, the directors and officers of Western Asset have not been engaged in any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature other than as directors or officers of Legg Mason and/or Resources, other Legg Mason and/or Resources subsidiaries, and/or other Legg Mason and/or Resources sponsored investment companies. The names and titles of the officers and directors of Western Asset are listed in Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by Western Asset pursuant to the Advisers Act, the text of which Schedules are incorporated herein by reference (SEC File No. 801-8162). Western Asset is located at 385 E. Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91101.
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Position(s)
at Western Asset |
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President and Chief Executive Officer, Western Asset (Chairman) |
Director, Western Asset Mortgage Capital Corporation |
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Chief Operating Officer, Western Asset
(Executive Director) |
Former Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Europe) Limited |
Former Director, Legg Mason International Equities Limited |
Former Member, Legg Mason Political Action Committee |
Former Manager, Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC |
Director and Chief Executive Officer, Western Asset Mortgage Capital Corporation |
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Director of Client Services and Marketing |
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Director of Global Portfolio Operations |
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Position(s)
at Western Asset |
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Secretary and General Counsel |
Director, Western Asset Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd |
Director, Western Asset Management Company Pty Ltd |
Director, Western Asset Management Company Ltd |
Director, Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd |
Director, Western Asset Management Company Limited |
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(q)
American Century Investment Management, Inc. (“American Century”) acts
as a subadvisor to the Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund. Except as listed below, the directors and officers of American Century have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities of director or officer of affiliated entities.
Name and Position with American Century |
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Positions with Other Company |
Alex Lepinsky Vice President |
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Senior Portfolio Manager and Senior Trader |
Miguel Cota Vice President |
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Peter VanGelderen Vice President |
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Co-Head of Structured Credit Group |
John Pack General Counsel and Senior Vice President |
The Bank of New York Mellon |
Chief Legal Officer of Investment and Wealth Management |
(r)
GQG Partners LLC (“GQG”) acts as subadvisor to the Nationwide GQG US
Quality Equity Fund. The principal address of GQG is 450 East Las Olas Boulevard, Suite 750, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33301. GQG is an investment adviser registered
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. Except as noted below, the directors and officers of GQG have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
Name and Position with GQG |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
Rajiv Jain, Chairman, Chief Investment Officer and Manager |
GQG Partners Community Empowerment Foundation* 450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Sole Member; Director (August 2018 - April 2021) |
| |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Executive Chairman, Chief Investment Officer (Oct 2021– present) |
Tim Carver, Chief Executive Officer and Manager |
GQG Partners Community Empowerment Foundation* 450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Director (August 2018 -- April 2021) |
| |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Chief Executive Officer, Executive Director (Oct 2021– present) |
| |
Hycroft, LLC 100 Park Avenue, 16th Floor New York, NY 10017 |
|
Name and Position with GQG |
Name and
Principal Business Address of Other Company |
Connection with Other Company |
Melodie Zakaluk, Chief Financial Officer and Manager |
GQG Global UCITS ICAV 2nd Floor, 5 Earlsfort Terrace Dublin D2 Ireland |
|
| |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Chief Financial Officer (Oct 2021– present) |
| |
GQG Partners (Australia) Pty Ltd*Level 10, 68 Pitt StreetSydney NSW 2000 |
|
Charles FalckChief Operating Officer |
Vontobel Asset Management AGGenferstrasse 27, 8002ZurichSwitzerland |
Global Chief Operating Officer (employment prior to joining GQG in August 2021) |
| |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Chief Operating Officer, (Oct 2021– present) |
Sal DiGangi, Global Chief Compliance Officer |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
Global Chief Compliance Officer (Oct 2021– present) |
Frederick H. Sherley, General Counsel and Secretary |
GQG Partners Inc.*450 East Las Olas Blvd, Suite 750 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 |
General Counsel and Corporate Secretary (Oct 2021– present) |
| |
(s)
Newton Investment Management North America, LLC (“Newton US”) acts as a
subadvisor to the Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund and Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund. The directors and officers of Newton US have not been engaged in any other business or profession of substantial nature during the past two fiscal years.
(t)
Janus Henderson Investors US LLC) (“Janus”) acts as a subadviser to the
Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio and Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund. Janus is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. To
the knowledge of the Registrant, the officers of Janus have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer or other employee of affiliated entities, including sponsor funds.
(u) Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (“GSAM”) is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and serves as a subadviser the the Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio. GSAM is engaged in the investment advisory business. GSAM is part of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., a public company that is a bank holding company, financial holding company and a world-wide, full-service financial services organization. GSAM Holdings LLC is the general partner and principal owner of GSAM. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of GSAM have not been engaged in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
(v) Insight North
America LLC (“Insight”) acts as a subadvisor to the Nationwide BNY Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund. The directors and officers of Insight have not been engaged
in any other business or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years.
(w)
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (“Jacobs Levy”) acts as subadviser
to the Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio. To the knowledge of the Registrant, the directors and officers of Jacobs Levy have not been engaged in any other business
or profession of a substantial nature during the past two fiscal years other than in their capacities as a director or officer of affiliated entities.
ITEM 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS
(a)
Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC, the principal underwriter of the Trust, also acts as
principal underwriter for Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust.
(b)
Herewith is the information required by the following table with respect to each
director, officer or partner of NFD. The address for the persons listed below, except where otherwise noted, is One Nationwide Plaza, Columbus, OH 43215.
| |
|
Position with Registrant: |
| |
Chairman, Director and President |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer |
| |
|
|
| |
|
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Operations |
| |
Associate Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
|
| |
Senior Vice President and Secretary |
|
| |
|
|
ITEM 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
J.P. Morgan Investor Services Co.
1 Beacon Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02108-3002
Nationwide
Funds Group
One Nationwide Plaza
Columbus, OH
43215
ITEM 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Not applicable.
ITEM 35. UNDERTAKINGS
Not
applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Columbus, and State of Ohio, on this 8th day of August, 2022.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Allan J. Oster, Attorney-In-Fact for Registrant |
EX-28.d.1.a
EXHIBIT A
INVESTMENT
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS AND NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
Effective May 1, 2007
Amended
March 11, 2021*
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Advisory Fees |
| Nationwide Fund |
|
0.54% on assets up to $250 million; 0.53% on assets of $250 million and more but less than $1 billion;
0.52% on assets of $1 billion and more but less than $2 billion;
0.495% on assets of $2 billion and more but less than $5 billion; and
0.47% on assets of $5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund |
|
0.45% on assets up to $5 billion; and
0.425% on assets of $5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bond Fund |
|
0.41% on assets up to $250 million; 0.385% on assets of $250 million and more but less than $1 billion;
0.36% on assets of $1 billion and more but less than $2 billion;
0.335% on assets of $2 billion and more but less than $5 billion; and
0.31% on assets of $5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Government Money Market Fund |
|
0.30% on assets up to $1 billion; 0.28% on
assets of $1 billion and more but less than $2 billion; 0.26% on assets of $2 billion and more but less than $5 billion; and
0.24% on assets of $5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund |
|
0.125% on assets up to $1.5 billion;
0.105% on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and
0.095% on assets of $3 billion and more |
1
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Advisory Fees |
| Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund |
|
0.19% on assets up to $1.5 billion; 0.17%
on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and 0.16% on assets of $3 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund |
|
0.195% on assets up to $1.5 billion;
0.175% on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and
0.165% on assets of $3 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide International Index Fund |
|
0.245% on assets up to $1.5 billion;
0.205% on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and
0.195% on assets of $3 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bond Index Fund |
|
0.185% on assets up to $1.5 billion;
0.145% on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and
0.135% on assets of $3 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Aggressive
Fund |
|
0.13% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately
Aggressive Fund |
|
0.13% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate
Fund |
|
0.13% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately
Conservative Fund |
|
0.13% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund |
|
0.13% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund (formerly, Nationwide U.S. Small Cap Value Fund) |
|
0.74% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.69% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund |
|
0.84% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.79% on assets of $500 million and more |
2
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Advisory Fees |
| Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund |
|
0.75% on assets up to $250 million; 0.70%
on assets of $250 million and more but less than $500 million; 0.68% on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion;
and 0.65% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities
Fund |
|
0.25% on assets up to $1 billion; and
0.23% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Core Plus Bond Fund |
|
0.45% on assets up to $500 million; 0.425%
on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion; 0.40% on assets of $1 billion and more but less than $1.5 billion; and
0.39% on assets of $1.5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund |
|
0.75% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.70% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bailard International Equities
Fund |
|
0.75% on assets up to $1 billion; and
0.70% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund |
|
0.75% on assets up to $500 million; 0.70%
on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion; and 0.65% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund |
|
0.65% on assets up to $250 million; 0.60%
on assets of $250 million and more but less than $500 million; and 0.55% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
0.84% on assets up to $250 million; 0.79%
on assets of $250 million and more but less than $500 million; and 0.74% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund |
|
0.41% on assets up to $250 million; 0.385%
on assets of $250 million and more but less than $1 billion; 0.36% on assets of $1 billion and more but less than $2 billion;
0.335% on assets of $2 billion and more but less than $5 billion; and
0.31% on assets of $5 billion and more |
3
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Advisory Fees |
| Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund |
|
0.55% on assets up to $1 billion; 0.53% on
assets of $1 billion and more but less than $2 billion; 0.51% on assets of $2 billion and more but less than $5 billion;
0.49% on assets of $5 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund |
|
0.35% on assets up to $500 million; 0.34%
on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion; 0.325% on assets of $1 billion and more but less than $3 billion;
0.30% on assets of $3 billion and more but less than $5 billion;
0.285% on assets of $5 billion and more but less than $10 billion; and
0.275% on assets of $10 billion and more. |
|
|
| Nationwide WCM Focused Small Cap Fund |
|
0.75% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.70% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund (formerly, Nationwide Ziegler NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund) |
|
0.448% on assets up to $50 million; 0.248%
on assets of $50 million and more but less than $250 million; 0.198% on assets of $250 million and more but less than $500 million;
and 0.148% on assets of $500 million and more |
| * |
As approved by the Board of Trustees at its meeting held on March
8-10, 2021. |
4
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amended Exhibit A on the day and year first written above.
|
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
| By: /s/ Michael S. Spangler |
| Name: Michael S. Spangler |
| Title: President |
|
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
| By: /s/ Michael S. Spangler |
| Name: Michael S. Spangler |
| Title: President |
5
EX-28.d.3.a
EXHIBIT A
INVESTMENT
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS AND NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
Effective September 18, 2015
As amended July 18, 2022*
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Advisory Fees |
| Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
|
0.70% of average daily net assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund |
|
0.64% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.62% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund |
|
0.55% on assets up to $500 million; and
0.50% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide International Small Cap Fund |
|
0.95% on assets up to $500 million; 0.925%
on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion; and 0.90% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund |
|
0.80% on assets up to $1 billion; and
0.775% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio |
|
0.23% on assets up to $1.5 billion; 0.21%
on assets of $1.5 billion and more but less than $3 billion; and 0.19% on assets of $3 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund (formerly, Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund) |
|
0.70% on assets up to $200 million; 0.68%
on assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million; and 0.65% on assets of $500 million and more |
|
|
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund |
|
0.60% on assets up to $1 billion; and
0.575% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide Bond Portfolio |
|
0.265% on assets up to $500 million;
0.255% on assets of $500 million and more but less than $1 billion; and
0.245% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund |
|
0.45% on assets up to $1 billion; and
0.42% on assets of $1 billion and more |
|
|
| Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
|
0.93% on assets up to $200 million; 0.73%
on assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million; and 0.68% on assets of $500 million and more |
| * |
As approved at the Board of Trustees Meeting held on July 13, 2022. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amended Exhibit A on the day and year first
written above.
|
|
|
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Michael S. Spangler |
| Name: Michael S. Spangler |
| Title: President |
|
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Michael S. Spangler |
| Name: Michael S. Spangler |
| Title: President |
2
EX-28.d.4.i.1
EXHIBIT A
SUBADVISORY
AGREEMENT
AMONG
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS,
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS
AND WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLP
Effective December 14, 2016
Amended effective as of June 1, 2022*
|
|
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
|
|
Subadvisory Fees |
| Nationwide International Small Cap Fund |
|
|
|
0.50% on all Subadviser Assets |
| * |
As approved at the Board of Trustees Meeting held on June 14-15,
2022. |
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Exhibit A on the effective date set
forth above.
|
|
|
| TRUST |
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: |
|
Christopher Graham |
| Title: |
|
VP, CIO |
|
| ADVISER |
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: |
|
Christopher Graham |
| Title: |
|
VP, CIO |
|
| SUBADVISER |
| WELLINGTON MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLP |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Eric Tanaka |
| Name: |
|
Eric Tanaka |
| Title: |
|
Senior Managing Director |
EX-28.d.4.k.1
EXHIBIT A
SUBADVISORY
AGREEMENT
AMONG
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS,
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS
AND LOOMIS, SAYLES & COMPANY, LP
Effective May 5, 2017
Amended effective as of June 1, 2022*
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Subadvisory Fees |
| Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund |
|
0.425% on Subadviser Assets up to $500 million; and
0.400% on Subadviser Assets of $500 million and more |
| * |
As approved at the Board of Trustees Meeting held on June 14-15, 2022.
|
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Exhibit A on the effective date set
forth above.
|
|
|
| TRUST |
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, CIO |
|
| ADVISER |
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, CIO |
|
| SUBADVISER |
| LOOMIS, SAYLES & COMPANY, LP |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Kevin Charleston |
| Name: Kevin Charleston |
| Title: Chairman & CEO |
EX-28.d.4.u.1
EXHIBIT A
SUBADVISORY
AGREEMENT
AMONG
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS,
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS
AND JANUS HENDERSON INVESTORS US LLC (f/k/a JANUS CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC)
Effective July 18, 2022*
|
|
|
| Funds of the Trust |
|
Subadvisory Fees |
| Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio |
|
0.10% on all Subadviser Assets |
|
|
| Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund (formerly, Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund) |
|
0.35% on Subadviser Assets up to $200 million;
0.33% on Subadviser Assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million; and
0.30% on Subadviser Assets of $500 million and more |
| * |
As approved at the Board of Trustees Meeting held on July 13, 2022 |
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Exhibit A on the effective date set
forth above.
|
|
|
| TRUST |
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: |
|
Christopher Graham |
| Title: |
|
VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| ADVISER |
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: |
|
Christopher Graham |
| Title: |
|
VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| SUBADVISER |
| JANUS HENDERSON INVESTORS US LLC |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Russ Shipman |
| Name: |
|
Russ Shipman |
| Title: |
|
Head of Retirement Sales and Strategy |
EX-28.d.4.y
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into effective the 21st day of July, 2022, by and
among NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS (the Trust), a Delaware statutory trust, NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS (the Adviser), a Delaware business trust registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers
Act), and JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New Jersey (the Subadviser), and also registered under the Advisers Act.
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS,
the Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act);
WHEREAS, the Adviser has, pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust dated as of the 18th day of September, 2015 (the Advisory Agreement), been retained to act as investment adviser for certain of the series of the Trust that are listed on Exhibit A to this Agreement
(each, a Fund);
WHEREAS, the Adviser represents that it is willing and possesses legal authority to render such services
subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement;
WHEREAS, the Trust and the Adviser each represent that the Advisory
Agreement permits the Adviser to delegate certain of its duties under the Advisory Agreement to other investment advisers, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser desires to retain Subadviser to assist it in the provision of a continuous investment program for that portion of each
Funds assets that the Adviser will assign to the Subadviser, and Subadviser is willing to render such services subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement,
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties do mutually agree and promise as follows with respect to each Fund:
1. Appointment as Subadviser. The Adviser hereby appoints the Subadviser to act as investment adviser for and to manage that portion or
all of the assets of the Fund that the Adviser from time to time upon reasonable prior notice allocates to, and puts under the control of, the Subadviser (the Subadviser Assets) subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board of
Trustees of the Trust and subject to the terms of this Agreement. The Subadviser hereby accepts such appointment and, in such capacity, agrees to be responsible for the investment management of the Subadviser Assets. It is recognized that the
Subadviser and certain of its affiliates now act, and that from time to time hereafter may act, as investment adviser to one or more other investment companies and to fiduciary or other managed accounts and that the Adviser and the Trust cannot
object to such activities.
2. Duties of Subadviser.
(a) Investments. The Subadviser is hereby authorized and directed and hereby agrees, subject to the stated investment
policies and restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Funds prospectus and statement of additional information as currently in effect and, as soon as practical after the Trust, the Fund or the Adviser notifies the Subadviser thereof, as
supplemented or amended from time to time (collectively referred to hereinafter as the Prospectus) and subject to the reasonable directions of the Adviser and the Trusts Board of Trustees, to monitor on a continuous basis the
performance of the Subadviser Assets and to conduct a continuous program of investment, evaluation and, if appropriate, sale and reinvestment of the Subadviser Assets. The Adviser agrees to provide the Subadviser with such assistance as may be
reasonably requested by the Subadviser in connection with the Subadvisers activities under this Agreement, including, without limitation, providing information concerning the Fund, its funds available or to become available for investment, and
generally as to the conditions of the Funds or the Trusts affairs.
(b) Compliance with Applicable Laws and
Governing Documents. In the performance of its services under this Agreement, the Subadviser shall act in conformity with the Prospectus and the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws
as currently in effect and, as soon as practical after the Trust, the Fund or the Adviser notifies the Subadviser thereof, as supplemented, amended and/or restated from time to time (referred to hereinafter as the Declaration of Trust
and By-Laws, respectively) and with the reasonable instructions and directions received in writing from the Adviser or the Trustees of the Trust relating to this assignment and will conform to, and
comply with, the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and all other applicable federal and state laws and regulations. Without limiting the preceding sentence, the Adviser promptly shall
notify the Subadviser as to any act or omission of the Subadviser hereunder that the Adviser reasonably deems to constitute or to be the basis of any noncompliance or nonconformance with any of the Trusts Declaration of Trust and By-Laws and the Prospectus, the instructions and directions received in writing from the Adviser or the Trustees of the Trust or the 1940 Act, the Code, and all other applicable federal and state laws and
regulations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser shall remain responsible for ensuring the Funds and the Trusts overall compliance with the 1940 Act, the Code and all other applicable federal and state laws and regulations and the
Subadviser is only obligated to comply with this subsection (b) with respect to the Subadviser Assets. The Adviser timely will provide the Subadviser with any materials or information which the Subadviser may reasonably request to enable it to
perform its functions under this Agreement.
The Adviser shall perform quarterly and annual tax compliance tests to ensure
that the Fund is in compliance with Subchapter M and, if applicable, Section 817(h) of the Code. In connection with such compliance tests, the Adviser shall inform the Subadviser at least ten (10) business days prior to a calendar
quarter end if the Subadviser Assets are
out of compliance with the diversification requirements under either Subchapter M or, if applicable, Section 817(h). If the Adviser notifies the Subadviser that the Subadviser Assets
are not in compliance with such requirements noted above, the Subadviser will take prompt action to bring the Subadviser Assets back into compliance within the time permitted under the Code thereunder.
The Adviser will provide the Subadviser with reasonable advance notice of any change in the Funds investment objectives,
policies and restrictions as stated in the Prospectus, and the Subadviser shall, in the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement, manage the Subadviser Assets consistent with such changes, provided that the Subadviser has
received prompt notice of the effectiveness of such changes from the Trust or the Adviser. In addition to such notice, the Adviser shall provide to the Subadviser a copy of a modified Prospectus reflecting such changes. The Adviser acknowledges and
will ensure that the Prospectus will at all times be in compliance with all disclosure requirements under all applicable federal and state laws and regulations relating to the Trust or the Fund, including, without limitation, the 1940 Act, and the
rules and regulations thereunder, and that the Subadviser shall have no liability in connection therewith, except as to the accuracy of material information furnished in writing by the Subadviser to the Trust or to the Adviser specifically for
inclusion in the Prospectus. The Subadviser hereby agrees to provide to the Adviser in a timely manner such information relating to the Subadviser and its relationship to, and actions for, the Trust as may be required to be contained in the
Prospectus or in the Trusts Registration Statement on Form N-1A.
Except
to the extent otherwise mandated by applicable law, temporary deviations from any rules, policies or restrictions governing the investment of the Subadviser Assets shall not be considered a violation of this Agreement if due to market fluctuations,
client-directed flows, benchmark rebalancing/reconstitution, or other factors beyond the reasonable control of the Subadviser.
(c) Voting of Proxies. The Adviser hereby delegates to the Subadviser the Advisers discretionary authority to
exercise voting rights with respect to the securities and other investments in the Subadviser Assets and authorizes the Subadviser to delegate further such discretionary authority to a designee. The Subadviser, including without limitation its
designee (for which the Subadviser shall remain liable), shall have the power to vote, either in person or by proxy, all securities in which the Subadviser Assets may be invested from time to time, and shall not be required to seek or take
instructions from, the Adviser, the Fund or the Trust or take any action with respect thereto. If both the Subadviser and another entity managing assets of the Fund have invested the Funds assets in the same security, the Subadviser and such
other entity will each have the power to vote its pro rata share of the Funds security.
The Subadviser will establish a written procedure for proxy voting in compliance
with current applicable rules and regulations, including but not limited to Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act. The Subadviser will provide the Adviser or its designee, a copy of such procedure and establish
a process for the timely distribution of the Subadvisers voting record with respect to the Funds securities and other information necessary for the Fund to complete information required by
Form N-1A under the 1940 Act and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), Form N-PX under the 1940 Act, and Form N-CSR under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, respectively.
(d)
Agent. Subject to any other written instructions of the Adviser or the Trust, the Subadviser is hereby appointed the Advisers and the Trusts agent and
attorney-in-fact for the limited purposes of executing account documentation, agreements, contracts and other documents as the Subadviser shall be requested by brokers,
dealers, counterparties and other persons in connection with its management of the Subadviser Assets. The Subadviser agrees upon request to provide the Adviser and the Trust with copies of any such agreements executed on behalf of the Adviser or the
Trust.
(e) Brokerage. The Subadviser is authorized, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the plenary
authority of the Trusts Board of Trustees, to establish and maintain accounts on behalf of the Fund with, and place orders for the investment and reinvestment, including without limitation purchase and sale of the Subadviser Assets with or
through, such persons, brokers (including, to the extent permitted by applicable law, any broker affiliated with the Subadviser) or dealers (collectively Brokers) as Subadviser may elect and negotiate commissions to be paid on such
transactions. The Subadviser, however, is not required to obtain the consent of the Adviser or the Trusts Board of Trustees prior to establishing any such brokerage account. The Subadviser shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of
portfolio investments for the Funds account with Brokers selected by the Subadviser. In the selection of such Brokers and the placing of such orders, the Subadviser shall seek to obtain for each Fund the most favorable price and execution
available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions for brokerage and research services, as provided below. In using its reasonable efforts to obtain for the Fund the most favorable price and execution available,
the Subadviser, bearing in mind the best interests of the Fund at all times, shall consider all factors it deems relevant, including price, the size of the transaction, the breadth and nature of the market for the security, the difficulty of the
execution, the amount of the commission, if any, the timing of the transaction, market prices and trends, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the Broker involved, and the quality of service rendered by the Broker in other
transactions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Trust, the Fund nor the Adviser shall instruct the Subadviser to place orders with any particular Broker(s) with respect to the Subadviser Assets. Subject to such policies as the Trustees may
determine, or as may be mutually agreed to by the Adviser and the Subadviser, the Subadviser is authorized but not obligated to cause, and shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or
otherwise solely by reason of its having caused, the Fund to pay a Broker that provides brokerage and research services (within the meaning of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) to the Subadviser an amount of commission for
effecting
a Subadviser Assets investment transaction that is in excess of the amount of commission that another Broker would have charged for effecting that transaction if, but only if, the
Subadviser determines in good faith that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such Broker viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibility of
the Subadviser with respect to the accounts as to which it exercises investment discretion.
It is recognized that the
services provided by such Brokers may be useful to the Subadviser in connection with the Subadvisers services to other clients. On occasions when the Subadviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of the Fund
with respect to the Subadviser Assets as well as other accounts managed by the Subadviser, the Subadviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be sold or
purchased in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. In such event, allocation of securities so sold or purchased, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the
Subadviser in the manner the Subadviser considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to each Fund and to such other accounts. It is recognized that in some cases, this procedure may adversely affect the price paid or
received by the Fund or the size of the position obtainable for, or disposed of by, the Fund with respect to the Subadviser Assets.
(f) Securities Transactions. The Subadviser and any affiliated person of the Subadviser will not purchase securities or
other instruments from or sell securities or other instruments to the Fund; provided, however, the Subadviser or any affiliated person of the Subadviser may purchase securities or other instruments from or sell securities or other instruments to the
Fund if such transaction is permissible under applicable laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the 1940 Act and the Advisers Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
The Subadviser, on its own behalf and with respect to its Access Persons (as defined in subsection (a) of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act), agrees to observe and comply with Rule 17j-1 and its Code of Ethics (which shall comply in all material respects with Rule 17j-1), as the same may be amended from time to time. On at least an annual basis, the Subadviser will comply with the reporting requirements of Rule 17j-1,
which may include either (i) certifying to the Adviser that the Subadviser and its Access Persons have complied with the Subadvisers Code of Ethics with respect to the Subadviser Assets or (ii) identifying any material violations
which have occurred with respect to the Subadviser Assets. The Subadviser will have also submitted its Code of Ethics for its initial approval by the Board of Trustees no later than the date of execution of this agreement and subsequently within six
months of any material change thereto.
(g) Books and Records. The Subadviser shall maintain separate detailed
records as are required by applicable laws and regulations of all matters hereunder pertaining to the Subadviser Assets (the Funds Records), including, without limitation, brokerage and other records of all securities transactions.
The Subadviser acknowledges that the Funds Records are property of the Trust; except to the extent that the Subadviser is required to maintain the Funds Records under the Advisers Act or other applicable law and except that the
Subadviser, at its own expense, is entitled to make and keep a copy of the Funds Records for its internal files. The Funds Records shall be available to the Adviser or the Trust at any time upon reasonable request during normal business
hours and shall be available for telecopying promptly to the Adviser during any day that the Fund is open for business as set forth in the Prospectus.
(h) Information Concerning Subadviser Assets and Subadviser. From time to time as the Adviser or the Trust reasonably
may request in good faith, the Subadviser will furnish the requesting party reports on portfolio transactions and reports on the Subadviser Assets, all in such reasonable detail as the parties may reasonably agree in good faith. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, the Subadviser agrees to inform the Adviser promptly of any trade errors which are allocated to the Fund (resulting in either gains or losses to the Fund) and to remediate any such errors as soon as reasonably practicable. The Subadviser
will also inform the Adviser in a timely manner of material changes in portfolio managers responsible for Subadviser Assets, any changes in the ownership or material changes in senior management of the Subadviser, or of material changes in the
control of the Subadviser. Upon the Trusts or the Advisers reasonable request, the Subadviser will make available its officers and employees to meet with the Trusts Board of Trustees to review the Subadviser Assets via telephone on
a quarterly basis and in person on a less frequent basis as agreed upon by the parties.
Subject to the other provisions of
this Agreement, the Subadviser will also provide such information or perform such additional acts with respect to the Subadviser Assets as are reasonably required for the Trust or the Adviser to comply with their respective obligations under
applicable laws and regulations, including without limitation, requirements of or pertaining to the Code, the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, and the Securities Act, and any rule or regulation thereunder.
(i) Custody Arrangements. The Trust or the Adviser shall notify the Subadviser of the identities of its custodian banks
and the custody arrangements therewith with respect to the Subadviser Assets and shall give the Subadviser written notice of any changes in such custodian banks or custody arrangements. The Subadviser shall on each business day provide the Adviser
and the Trusts custodian such information as the Adviser and the Trusts custodian may reasonably request in good faith relating to all transactions concerning the Subadviser Assets. The Trust shall instruct its custodian banks to
(A) carry out all investment instructions as may be directed by the Subadviser with respect to the Subadviser Assets (which instructions may be orally given if confirmed in writing); and (B) provide the Subadviser with all operational
information necessary for the Subadviser to trade the Subadviser Assets on behalf of the Fund. The Subadviser shall have no liability for the acts or omissions of the custodian(s), unless such act or omission is required by and taken in reliance
upon instructions given to the authorized custodian(s) by a representative of the Subadviser properly authorized (pursuant to written instruction by the Adviser) to give such instructions.
(j) Valuation Assistance. The Subadviser shall not be responsible for the
provision of administrative, custodial, bookkeeping or accounting services to the Trust. The Adviser hereby acknowledges that the Subadviser is not responsible for pricing portfolio securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Subadviser agrees
that, upon request of the Adviser, it shall reasonably assist the Adviser in obtaining prices for portfolio securities and, to the extent it may lawfully do so, provide the Adviser with reasonable information, data or analyses in its possession. The
Adviser and the Trust acknowledge that any such information, data or analyses may be proprietary to the Subadviser or otherwise consist of nonpublic information, agree that nothing in this Agreement shall require Subadviser to provide any
information, data or analysis in contravention of applicable legal or contractual requirements, and agree to use any such information only for the purpose of pricing portfolio securities and to maintain their confidentiality.
(k) Legal Proceedings. The Subadviser shall not act for, represent, or purport to bind the Trust, the Fund, or the
Adviser in any legal or administrative proceeding involving the Fund or any such proceedings involving any security or investment currently or formerly held by the Fund, including, without limitation class action lawsuits, regulatory or governmental
victim funds, and bankruptcy proceedings (Legal Matters). The Subadviser does, however, agree that it will promptly notify the Adviser of any Legal Matters (of which it is aware) that Subadviser reasonably believes the Fund and the
Adviser should consider pursuing. The Subadviser agrees to cooperate with the Adviser to provide reasonable assistance regarding any Legal Matters, including providing factual information in its possession regarding such Legal Matters as the
Fund and/or the Adviser may reasonably request. To the extent that the Subadviser is required to take part in any Legal Matter, whether by producing documents, testifying as a witness or otherwise, the Subadviser shall be reimbursed for reasonable
legal costs and expenses in connection with such participation.
3. Independent Contractor. In the performance of its services
hereunder, the Subadviser is and shall be an independent contractor and unless otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise authorized in writing, shall have no authority to act for or represent the Fund, the Trust or the Adviser in any way or
otherwise be deemed an agent of the Fund, the Trust or the Adviser.
4. Expenses. During the term of this Agreement, Subadviser will
pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under this Agreement. The Subadviser shall, at its sole expense, employ or associate itself with such persons as it believes to be particularly fitted to assist it in the execution of
its duties under this Agreement. The Subadviser shall not be responsible for the Trusts, the Funds or Advisers expenses, which shall include, but not be
limited to, the cost of securities, commodities and other investments (including brokerage commissions and other transaction charges, if any) purchased for the Fund and any losses incurred in
connection therewith, expenses of holding or carrying Subadviser Assets, including, without limitation, expenses of dividends on stock borrowed to cover a short sale and interest, fees or other charges incurred in connection with leverage and
related borrowings with respect to the Subadviser Assets, organizational and offering expenses (which include, but are not limited to, out-of-pocket expenses, but not
overhead or employee costs of the Subadviser); expenses for legal, accounting and auditing services; taxes and governmental fees; dues and expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; costs of printing and
distributing shareholder reports, proxy materials, prospectuses, stock certificates and distribution of dividends; charges of the Funds custodians and sub-custodians, administrators and sub-administrators, registrars, transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents and dividend reinvestment plan agents; payment for portfolio pricing services to a pricing agent, if any; registration and filing fees of
the SEC; expenses of registering or qualifying securities of the Fund for sale in the various states; freight and other charges in connection with the shipment of the Funds portfolio securities; fees and expenses of non-interested Trustees; salaries of shareholder relations personnel; costs of shareholders meetings; insurance; interest; brokerage costs; and litigation and other extraordinary or
non-recurring expenses. The Trust or the Adviser, as the case may be, shall reimburse the Subadviser for any expenses of the Fund or the Adviser as may be reasonably incurred by such Subadviser on behalf of
the Fund or the Adviser. The Subadviser shall keep and supply to the Trust and the Adviser reasonable records of all such expenses.
5.
Compensation. For the services provided pursuant to this Agreement, the Subadviser is entitled to the fee listed for the Fund(s) on Exhibit A hereto. Such fees will be computed daily and paid no later than the seventh (7th) business day following the end of each month, from the Adviser, calculated by the Adviser at an annual rate based on the Subadviser Assets average daily net assets.
The method of determining the net asset value of the Subadviser Assets for purposes hereof shall be the same as the method of determining net
asset value for purposes of establishing the offering and redemption price of the shares of the Trust as described in the Funds Prospectus. If this Agreement shall be effective for only a portion of a month with respect to the Fund(s), the
aforesaid fee shall be prorated for the portion of such month during which this Agreement is in effect for the Fund.
6. Representations
and Warranties of Subadviser. The Subadviser represents and warrants to the Adviser and the Trust as follows:
(a) The
Subadviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act;
(b) The Subadviser is registered as a Commodity
Trading Advisor under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (the CEA), with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC), or is not required to file such registration;
(c) The Subadviser is a corporation duly organized and properly registered and
operating under the laws of the State of New Jersey with the power to own and possess its assets and carry on its business as it is now being conducted and as proposed to be conducted hereunder;
(d) The execution, delivery and performance by the Subadviser of this Agreement are within the Subadvisers powers and
have been duly authorized by all necessary actions of its directors or shareholders, and no action by, or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official is required on the part of the Subadviser for execution, delivery and
performance by the Subadviser of this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Subadviser of this Agreement do not contravene or constitute a violation of, or a material default under, (i) any provision of applicable law,
rule or regulation, (ii) the Subadvisers governing instruments, or (iii) any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon the Subadviser; and
(e) The Form ADV of the Subadviser previously provided to the Adviser and the Trust is a true and complete copy of the
form, including that part or parts of the Form ADV filed with the SEC, that part or parts maintained in the records of the Subadviser, and/or that part or parts provided or offered to clients, in each case as required under the Advisers Act and
rules thereunder, and the information contained therein is accurate and complete in all material respects and does not omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading.
7. Representations and Warranties of Adviser. The Adviser represents and warrants to the Subadviser as
follows:
(a) The Adviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act;
(b) The Adviser has filed a notice of exemption pursuant to Rule 4.14 under the CEA with the CFTC and the National Futures
Association or is not required to file such exemption;
(c) The Adviser is a business trust duly organized and validly
existing under the laws of the State of Delaware with the power to own and possess its assets and carry on its business as it is now being conducted and as proposed to be conducted hereunder;
(d) The execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement are within the Advisers powers and have been
duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of its directors, shareholders or managing unitholder, and no action by, or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official is required on the part of the Adviser for the
execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Adviser of this Agreement do not contravene or constitute a violation of, or a material default under, (i) any provision of
applicable law, rule or regulation, (ii) the Advisers governing instruments, or (iii) any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon the Adviser;
(e) The Form ADV of the Adviser previously provided to the Subadviser and
the Trust is a true and complete copy of the form, including that part or parts of the Form ADV filed with the SEC, that part or parts maintained in the records of the Adviser, and/or that part or parts provided or offered to clients, in each
case as required under the Advisers Act and rules thereunder, and the information contained therein is accurate and complete in all material respects and does not omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(f) The Trust has adopted policies and procedures
to comply with applicable anti-money laundering and customer identification program requirements, and to the best of the Trusts knowledge, (i) the Subadviser Assets are not derived from, invested for the benefit of, or related in any way
to, the governments of, or persons within, any country under a U.S. embargo enforced by Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC); (ii) the Subadviser Assets have not been and will not be derived from or related to any illegal activities, including
but not limited to, money laundering activities or a country embargoed by the United States; and (iii) the proceeds from the Fund will not be used to finance any illegal activities;
(g) The Adviser acknowledges that it received a copy of the Subadvisers Form ADV prior to the execution of this
Agreement; and
(h) The Adviser and the Trust have duly entered into the Advisory Agreement pursuant to which the Trust
authorized the Adviser to delegate certain of its duties under the Advisory Agreement to other investment advisers, including without limitation, the appointment of a subadviser with respect to assets of each of the Trusts mutual fund series,
including without limitation the Advisers entering into and performing this Agreement.
8. Representations and Warranties of the
Trust. The Trust represents and warrants to the Adviser and the Subadviser as follows:
(a) The Trust is a statutory
trust duly formed and validly existing under the laws of the State of Delaware with the power to own and possess its assets and carry on its business as it is now being conducted and as proposed to be conducted hereunder;
(b) The Trust is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act and has elected to qualify and has qualified, together
with the Fund, as a regulated investment company under the Code, and the Funds shares are registered under the Securities Act;
(c) The execution, delivery and performance by the Trust of this Agreement are
within the Trusts powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Trust and its Board of Trustees, and no action by, or in respect of, or filing with, any governmental body, agency or official is required on the
part of the Trust for the execution, delivery and performance by the Trust of this Agreement, and the execution, delivery and performance by the Trust of this Agreement do not contravene or constitute a default under (i) any provision of
applicable law, rule or regulation, (ii) the Trusts governing instruments, or (iii) any agreement, judgment, injunction, order, decree or other instrument binding upon the Trust; and
(d) The Trust acknowledges that it received a copy of the Subadvisers Form ADV prior to the execution of this
Agreement.
9. Survival of Representations and Warranties; Duty to Update Information. All representations and warranties made by
the Subadviser, the Adviser and the Trust pursuant to the recitals above and Sections 6, 7 and 8, respectively, shall survive for the duration of this Agreement and the parties hereto shall promptly notify each other in writing upon becoming
aware that any of the foregoing representations and warranties are no longer true or accurate in all material effects.
10. Liability
and Indemnification.
(a) Liability. The Subadviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering its services
in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, but otherwise, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Subadviser or a reckless disregard of its duties hereunder, the Subadviser, each of its affiliates
and all respective partners, officers, directors and employees (Affiliates) and each person, if any, who within the meaning of the Securities Act controls the Subadviser (Controlling Persons), if any, shall not be subject to
any expenses or liability to the Adviser, any other subadviser to the Fund, the Trust or the Fund or any of the Funds shareholders, in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates, including without limitation for any losses
that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of Subadviser Assets. The Adviser shall exercise its best judgment in rendering its obligations in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, but otherwise (except as set forth in Sections
10(b) and 10(c) below), in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser or a reckless disregard of its duties hereunder, the Adviser, any of its Affiliates and each of the Advisers
Controlling Persons, if any, shall not be subject to any liability to the Subadviser, for any act or omission in the case of, or connected with, rendering services hereunder or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of
Subadviser Assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall relieve the Adviser and the Subadviser from any of their obligations under applicable law, including, without limitation, the federal and state securities laws and the CEA.
(b) Indemnification. The Subadviser shall indemnify the Adviser, the Trust
and the Fund, and their respective Affiliates and Controlling Persons for any liability and expenses, including without limitation reasonable attorneys fees and expenses, which the Adviser, the Trust and/or the Fund and their respective
Affiliates and Controlling Persons may sustain as a result of the Subadvisers willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder or violation of applicable law, including, without limitation, the
federal and state securities laws or the CEA. The Adviser shall indemnify the Subadviser, its Affiliates and its Controlling Persons, for any liability and expenses, including without limitation reasonable attorneys fees and expenses, which
may be sustained as a result of the Advisers willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder or violation of applicable law, including, without limitation, the federal and state securities laws or
the CEA.
The Trust shall indemnify the Subadviser, its Affiliates and its Controlling Persons, for any liability and
expenses, including without limitation reasonable attorneys fees and expenses, which may be sustained as a result of the Trusts willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, reckless disregard of its duties hereunder or violation of
applicable law, including, without limitation, the federal and state securities laws or the CEA.
(c) The Subadviser shall
not be liable to the Adviser for (i) any acts of the Adviser or any other subadviser to the Fund with respect to the portion of the assets of the Fund not managed by Subadviser, or (ii) acts of the Subadviser which result from acts of the
Adviser, including, but not limited to, a failure of the Adviser to provide accurate and current information with respect to any records maintained by the Adviser or any other subadviser to the Fund, which records are not also maintained by or
otherwise available to the Subadviser upon reasonable request. The Adviser agrees that Subadviser shall manage the Subadviser Assets as if they were a separate operating Fund as set forth in Section 2(b) of this Agreement. The Adviser shall
indemnify the Subadviser, its Affiliates and Controlling Persons from any liability arising from the conduct of the Adviser and any other subadviser with respect to the portion of the Funds assets not allocated to the Subadviser.
11. Duration and Termination.
(a) Duration. Unless sooner terminated, this Agreement shall go into effect as to any Fund covered by this Agreement
initially or at such later time as such Fund commences operations pursuant to an effective amendment to the Trusts Registration Statement and shall remain in effect for an initial period of no more than two years that terminates on the second
January 1st that occurs following the date thereof, and, for any Fund subsequently added to this Agreement, an initial period of no more than two years that terminates on the second January 1st
that occurs following the effective date of this Agreement with respect to such Fund, and thereafter shall continue automatically for successive annual periods with respect to each such Fund, provided such continuance is specifically approved at
least annually by the Trusts Board of Trustees or vote of the lesser of (a) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting if holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present in person or by proxy or
(b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund; provided that in either event its continuance also is approved by a majority of the Trusts Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to this Agreement, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
(b) Termination. Notwithstanding whatever may be provided herein to the contrary, this Agreement may be terminated at
any time with respect to the Fund, without payment of any penalty:
(i) By vote of a majority of the Trusts Board of
Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), or by the Adviser, in each case, upon not more than 60 days written notice to the Subadviser;
(ii) By any party hereto immediately upon written notice to the other parties in the event of a breach of any provision of this
Agreement by either of the other parties; or
(iii) By the Subadviser upon not less than 120 days written notice to
the Adviser and the Trust.
This Agreement shall not be assigned (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) and shall
terminate automatically in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Advisory Agreement. The Adviser shall provide prompt notice to the Subadviser of any termination of the Advisory Agreement.
12. Duties of the Adviser. The Adviser shall continue to have responsibility for all services to be provided to the Fund pursuant to the
Advisory Agreement and shall oversee and review the Subadvisers performance of its duties under this Agreement. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall obligate the Adviser to provide any funding or other support for the purpose of directly
or indirectly promoting investments in the Fund.
13. Reference to Adviser and Subadviser.
(a) Neither the Adviser nor any Affiliate or agent of the Adviser shall make reference to or use the name of Subadviser or any
of its Affiliates, or any of their clients, except references concerning the identity of and services provided by the Subadviser to the Fund, which references shall not differ in substance from those included in the Prospectus and this Agreement, in
any advertising or promotional materials without the prior approval of Subadviser, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Adviser hereby agrees to make all reasonable efforts to cause the Fund and any Affiliate thereof to
satisfy the foregoing obligation.
(b) Neither the Subadviser nor any Affiliate or agent of it shall make reference
to or use the name of the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, or any of their clients, except references concerning the identity of and services provided by the Adviser to the Fund or to the Subadviser, which references shall not differ in substance
from those included in the Prospectus and this Agreement, in any advertising or promotional materials without the prior approval of Adviser, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Adviser hereby consents to
Subadvisers use of the name of the Adviser on its client list and during one-on-one presentations. The Subadviser hereby agrees to make all reasonable efforts to
cause any Affiliate of the Subadviser to satisfy the foregoing obligation.
14. Amendment. This Agreement may be amended by mutual
consent of the parties, provided that the terms of any material amendment shall be approved by: (a) the Trusts Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as required by the 1940 Act),
and (b) the vote of a majority of those Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of any party to this Agreement cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, if such approval is required
by applicable law.
15. Confidentiality. Subject to the duties of the Adviser, the Trust and the Subadviser to comply with
applicable law, including any demand of any regulatory or taxing authority having jurisdiction, the parties hereto shall treat as confidential and shall not disclose any and all information pertaining to the Fund and the actions of the Subadviser,
the Adviser and the Fund in respect thereof; except to the extent:
(a) Authorized. The disclosing party has
authorized such disclosure;
(b) Court or Regulatory Authority. Disclosure of such information is expressly required
or requested by a court or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction or applicable federal or state regulatory authorities;
(c) Publicly Known Without Breach. Such information becomes known to the general public without a breach of this
Agreement or a similar confidential disclosure agreement regarding such information;
(d) Already Known. Such
information already was known by the receiving party prior to disclosure of the information by the disclosing party;
(e)
Received From Third Party. Such information was or is hereafter rightfully received by the party from a third party (expressly excluding the Funds custodian, prime broker and administrator) without restriction on its disclosure and
without breach of this Agreement or of a similar confidential disclosure agreement regarding them; or
(f) Independently
Developed. The party independently developed such information.
In the event that a party is required to disclose confidential information hereunder to comply
with applicable law, including any demand of any regulatory or taxing authority having jurisdiction, or pursuant to subsection (b) of this section 15, prior to any such disclosure, such party, where permitted by applicable law or regulation,
with provide the disclosing party with prompt written notice of any such disclosure so that the disclosing party may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy, provided, that, such notice shall not be required in the case of a routine
regulatory examination.
To the extent such information does not belong to, constitute records of, or relate specifically to the Trust or
Adviser, any investment recommendations and any information relating to the Subadvisers business and/or operations, investment strategies, trading activity, investment performance, investment process, models and/or systems, and/or output and
analysis related thereto, and any other proprietary information of the Subadviser (Subadviser Proprietary Information) that is supplied by Subadviser shall be treated as confidential. Neither the Trust nor the Adviser shall make use of
Subadviser Proprietary Information without the consent of the Subadviser. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Subadviser has no obligation to disclose Subadvisor Proprietary Information.
Each party will maintain and enforce safety and physical security procedures with respect to its access and maintenance of confidential
information that (i) are at least equal to industry standards for such types of locations, (ii) are in accordance with reasonable policies in these regards, and (iii) provide reasonably appropriate technical and organizational
safeguards against accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration or unauthorized disclosure or access of confidential information under this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each party will take all reasonable
measures to secure and defend its location and equipment against cyber-attacks, hackers and others, both internal and external, who may seek, without authorization, to modify or access its systems or the information found therein. Each
party will periodically test or monitor its systems for potential significant areas where security could be breached. Each party will report to the other party promptly any breaches of security or unauthorized access to its systems that it detects
or becomes aware of that would require notification to consumers and/or regulators, as may be required by applicable federal and/or state laws; provided that such notification shall only be required if the party has reason to believe that the other
party has been or is likely to be impacted by such breach. Each party will use reasonable and diligent efforts to remedy such breach of security or unauthorized access in a timely manner.
16. Notice. Any notice that is required to be given by the parties to each other under the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing,
delivered, or mailed postpaid to the other parties, or transmitted by facsimile or e-mail with acknowledgment of receipt, to the parties at the following addresses, facsimile numbers, or e-mail addresses, which may from time to time be changed by the parties by notice to the other parties:
| |
(a) |
If to the Subadviser: |
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc.
100 Campus Drive
P.O. Box 650
Florham Park, NJ 07932-0650
Attention: Kenneth Levy
Copy to: General Counsel
e-mail: [email protected]
copy to: [email protected]
Nationwide Fund Advisors
One Nationwide Plaza
Mail Code 5-02-210R
Columbus, OH 43215
Attention: Legal Department
Nationwide Mutual Funds
One Nationwide Plaza
Mail Code 5-02-210R
Columbus, OH 43215
Attention: Legal Department
17. Jurisdiction. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with substantive laws of the State of Delaware without
reference to choice of law principles thereof and in accordance with the 1940 Act. In the case of any conflict, the 1940 Act shall control. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally confirms and agrees that it is and shall continue
to be (i) subject to the jurisdiction of the state courts of the State of Delaware, and (ii) subject to service of process in the State of Delaware. Unless the parties consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the
exclusive jurisdiction for any actions, suits or proceedings arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be the state and federal courts located in the State of Delaware (the Delaware
Courts). Each party hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (a) agrees not to commence any litigation relating thereto except in the Delaware Courts and (b) waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such litigation in
the Delaware Courts and agrees not to plead or claim in any Delaware Court, by way of motion, as a defense, counterclaim or otherwise, that (i) such litigation brought therein has been brought in any inconvenient forum, (ii) it is not
personally subject to the jurisdiction of the above-named courts for any reason other than the failure to lawfully serve process, or (iii) this Agreement, or the subject matter hereof, may not be enforced in or by such courts.
18. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deemed an original, all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.
19. Certain Definitions. For
the purposes of this Agreement and except as otherwise provided herein, interested person, affiliated person, and assignment shall have their respective meanings as set forth in the 1940 Act, subject, however, to
such exemptions as may be granted by the SEC.
20. Captions. The captions herein are included for convenience of reference only and
shall be ignored in the construction or interpretation hereof.
21. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held
or made invalid by a court decision or applicable law, the remainder of the Agreement shall not be affected adversely and shall remain in full force and effect.
22. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with all exhibits, attachments and appendices, contains the entire understanding and
agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof
23. Nationwide Mutual Funds and its Trustees. The terms
Nationwide Mutual Funds and the Trustees of Nationwide Mutual Funds refer respectively to the Trust created and the Trustees, as trustees but not individually or personally, acting from time to time under the Amended and
Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust made and dated as of October 28, 2004, as has been or may be amended and/or restated from time to time, and to which reference is hereby made.
24. No Third Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is for the exclusive benefit and convenience of the Trust, the Adviser and the
Subadviser and there are no third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as granting, vesting, creating or conferring any direct, indirect, or derivative right of action, or any other right or benefit,
upon past, present or future shareholders of any Fund or upon any other third party.
25. Multi-Manager Funds. In connection with
securities transactions for the Fund, the Subadviser that is (or whose affiliated person is) entering into the transaction, and any other investment manager that is advising an affiliate of the Fund (or portion of the Fund) (collectively, the
Managers for the purposes of this section) entering into the transaction are prohibited from consulting with each other concerning transactions for the Fund in securities or other assets and, if both Managers are responsible for
providing investment advice to the Fund, the Managers responsibility in providing advice is expressly limited to a discrete portion of the Funds portfolio that it manages.
This prohibition does not apply to communications by the Adviser in connection with the
Advisers (i) overall supervisory responsibility for the general management and investment of the Funds assets; (ii) determination of the allocation of assets among the Manager(s), if any; and (iii) investment discretion
with respect to the investment of Fund assets not otherwise assigned to a Manager.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed
this Agreement on the day and year first written above.
|
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| TRUST |
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| ADVISER |
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| SUBADVISER |
| JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC. |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Kenneth N. Levy |
| Name: Kenneth N. Levy |
| Title: Vice President |
EXHIBIT A
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT
AMONG
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL
FUNDS,
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS
AND JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC.
Effective July 21, 2022*
|
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| Funds of the Trust |
|
Subadvisory Fees |
| Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
|
0.50% on Aggregate Subadviser Assets up to $200 million;
0.30% on Aggregate Subadviser Assets of $200 million and more but less than $500 million; and
0.25% on Aggregate Subadviser Assets of $500 million and more. |
| |
The term Aggregate Subadviser Assets shall mean the aggregate amount resulting from the combination
of Subadviser Assets of the Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio together with the Subadviser Assets (as defined in a Subadvisory Agreement among Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust, Nationwide Fund Advisors and Jacobs Levy Equity Management,
Inc., dated September 13, 2019) of the NVIT U.S. 130/30 Equity Fund and the NVIT Jacobs Levy Large Cap Growth Fund, each a series of Nationwide Variable Insurance Trust. |
| * |
As approved at the Board of Trustees Meeting held on June 14-15, 2022.
|
[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Exhibit A on the effective date set
forth above.
|
|
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| TRUST |
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| ADVISER |
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Christopher Graham |
| Name: Christopher Graham |
| Title: VP, Chief Investment Officer |
|
| SUBADVISER |
| JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC. |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Kenneth N. Levy |
| Name: Kenneth N. Levy |
| Title: Vice President |
EX-28.e.1.a
Schedule A
Underwriting Agreement
between Nationwide Mutual Funds and
Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC
Effective May 1, 2007
Amended July 18, 2022*
Name of
Fund
Nationwide Fund
Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic
U.S. Core Fund (formerly, Nationwide Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund)
Nationwide Bond Fund
Nationwide Government Money Market Fund
Nationwide S&P 500
Index Fund
Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund
Nationwide Mid
Cap Market Index Fund
Nationwide International Index Fund
Nationwide Bond Index Fund
Nationwide Investor Destinations
Aggressive Fund
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Aggressive Fund
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate Fund
Nationwide
Investor Destinations Moderately Conservative Fund
Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund
Nationwide Destination 2025 Fund
Nationwide Destination 2030
Fund
Nationwide Destination 2035 Fund
Nationwide
Destination 2040 Fund
Nationwide Destination 2045 Fund
Nationwide Destination 2050 Fund
Nationwide Destination 2055
Fund
Nationwide Destination 2060 Fund
Nationwide
Destination 2065 Fund
Nationwide Destination Retirement Fund
Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund
Nationwide
Small Company Growth Fund
Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund
Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund
Nationwide BNY
Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund (formerly, Nationwide Core Plus Bond Fund)
Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund
Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund
Nationwide
Bailard Technology & Science Fund
Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund
Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund
Nationwide Loomis Core
Bond Fund
Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund
Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund
Nationwide WCM Focused
Small Cap Fund
Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund
Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund
Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund
Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund
Nationwide International
Small Cap Fund
Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund
Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio
Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund (formerly, Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund)
Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund (formerly, Nationwide Mellon Disciplined Value Fund)
Nationwide Bond Portfolio
Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund
Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio
| * |
As approved by the Board of Trustees at its meeting held on June
14-15, 2022. |
EX-28.g.1.e
EXECUTION COPY
AMENDMENT TO GLOBAL
CUSTODY AGREEMENT
This Amendment (the Amendment) to the Global Custody Agreement, dated April 4, 2003, as
amended (the Agreement) by and between JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. (J.P. Morgan), as successor-in-interest to a previous J.P. Morgan
entity, and NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS (the Customer), as successor-in-interest to Gartmore Mutual Funds, and on behalf of each Fund on the Fund List
(each a Fund), is entered into by J.P. Morgan and the Customer, and is effective as of February 1, 2022 (the Effective Date).
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the parties entered into the Agreement pursuant to which J.P. Morgan provides custody and related services to each Fund as
more fully described therein; and
WHEREAS, J.P. Morgan and Customer wish to amend Schedule B (the Fee Schedule)
of the Agreement as of the Effective Date.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the receipt
and legal sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:
| |
1. |
Definitions. Terms defined in the Agreement shall, save to the extent that the context otherwise
required, bear the same respective meanings in this Amendment. |
| |
2. |
Amendments. Effective as of the Effective Date, the Agreement shall be amended as follows:
|
| |
(a) |
Schedule B of the Agreement is deleted in its entirety, and hereby replaced with Schedule B of this Amendment.
|
| |
(b) |
Save as varied by this Amendment, the Agreement is confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.
|
| |
3. |
Representations. Each party represents to the other party that all representations contained in the
Agreement are true and accurate as of the Effective Date of this Amendment, and that such representations are deemed to be given or repeated by each party, as the case may be, on the Effective Date of this Amendment. |
| |
4. |
Entire Agreement. This Amendment and the Agreement, and any documents referred to in each of them,
constitute the whole agreement among their subject matter and supersede and extinguish any other drafts, agreements, undertakings or representations, warranties and arrangements of any nature, whether in writing or oral, relating to such subject
matter. If any of the provisions of this Amendment are inconsistent, or in conflict, with any of the provisions of the Agreement then, to the extent of any such inconsistency or conflict, the provisions of this Amendment shall prevail as among the
parties. This Amendment may only be amended in writing. |
| |
5. |
Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts which together shall
constitute one agreement. Each party hereto may enter into this Amendment by executing a counterpart and this Amendment shall not take effect until it has been executed by all parties. |
| |
6. |
Governing Law. This Amendment shall be construed in accordance with, and governed by, the laws of the
State of New York, without regard to any conflict of law principles. |
EXECUTION COPY
[ Signature page follows ]
EXECUTION COPY
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have entered into this Amendment as of
the date above first written.
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| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
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JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. |
|
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| By: |
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/s/ Lee T. Cummings |
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By: |
|
/s/ Carl Mehldau |
| Name: |
|
Lee T. Cummings |
|
|
|
Name: |
|
Carl Mehldau |
| Title: |
|
SVP |
|
|
|
Title: |
|
Vice President |
EXECUTION COPY
Schedule B
Fee Schedule
Custody Fees
The basis point fee set forth in this section apply to the net asset value that the Client has instructed J.P. Morgan to hold or reflect on its accounting
systems.
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| Fund Type |
|
Safekeeping Basis Point Fee |
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| Fund of Funds |
|
|
0.10 |
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| Non-Fund of Funds |
|
|
0.30 |
|
Custody Additional Notes and Methodologies
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|
|
Repurchase agreement (Repo) transactions will be assessed as follows: (1) Bilateral Repo: (a) STP Fees
apply for each on-leg and off-leg DvP/RvP trade settlements; and (b) Repo Transaction Post fee applies for the maintenance of the repo position on J.P.
Morgans system. (2) Triparty Repo: (a) a Repo Transaction Post fee applies for each on-leg and off-leg transaction; and (b) a Free Cash Wire Receipt
or Payment fee applies for the on-leg and off-leg transactions. |
| |
|
|
Exchange-traded options will be assessed as follows: (1) a Record Keeping-Only Transaction Post fee applies
for the option transaction. (2) a Collateral Pledge fee applies for the pledge/un-pledge of the underlying equity. |
| |
|
|
Time Deposits will be assessed as follows: (1) a Record Keeping-Only Transaction Post fee applies for each on-leg and off-leg transactions. (2) a Free Cash Wire Receipt or Payment fee applies for the on-leg and off-leg transactions. |
Agreement & Acknowledgement
| |
|
|
Fees. In consideration of the Services provided to Client under the Agreement, Client agrees to pay or
cause to be paid to J.P. Morgan the fees set forth in this Fee Agreement. J.P. Morgan will present invoices monthly in arrears. Invoices will be payable within thirty (30) days of the date of the invoice. If the Client disputes an invoice, it
shall nevertheless pay, on or before the date that payment is due, such portion of the invoice that is not subject to a bona fide dispute. Fees included in this Fee Agreement are based upon information provided by Client, and where necessary,
assumptions that J.P. Morgan believes to be reasonable are applied. All amounts set forth in this Fee Agreement are quoted in U.S. dollars. |
| |
|
|
Expenses. J.P. Morgan may charge the client for additional out-of-pocket expenses it incurs in the course of providing the Services. |
| B. |
AutoFX. For pricing in respect of foreign exchange activity via J.P. Morgans custody FX platform,
AutoFX, please refer to the separate pricing letter which will be provided to the client in the event that J.P. Morgan provides this service to clients. |
EXECUTION COPY
AutoFX pricing letter/service will be provided to clients that avail services
| C. |
FX Conversion. Where costs are incurred in a currency other than clients invoice base currency, or
costs are based on a valuation of any of clients securities in a currency other than clients invoice base currency, J.P. Morgan will perform a foreign exchange calculation to determine such costs payable by the client. Such calculation
will typically use the WM/Reuters spot rate (Benchmark Rate) for the relevant currency pair published at 4:00pm London time on the last business day of each calendar month for which client will be invoiced. However, the Benchmark Rate
used in such calculation may change from time to time and J.P. Morgan will notify the client of such rate change. |
| D. |
New Markets or Services. To the extent Client engages in a market or utilizes a service where fees are
not stated in this Fee Agreement, J.P. Morgan will assess a standard rate for the relevant market or service to be determined by J.P. Morgan, unless an alternative pricing arrangement is agreed in writing between Client and J.P. Morgan. The relevant
rate will be assessed commencing at the time the market or service is first engaged or utilized. Resultant charge will be detailed within Clients invoice and the Fee Agreement will be deemed to include the rate for such market and/or service.
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| E. |
Overdrafts. In the event that J.P. Morgan, in its sole discretion, provides an overdraft to Client, J.P.
Morgan will charge interest at a rate to be determined by J.P. Morgan. For foreign overdrafts, including USD held offshore, overdraft rates vary by currency and by day, depending largely on market liquidity and prevailing overnight rates. For
overdrafts held with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. New York Branch, the USD overdraft rate is Effective Fed Funds + 200bps, subject to change. |
| F. |
Earnings Credit Rate. In the event that J.P. Morgan, in its sole discretion, provides an Earnings
Credit Rate program to Client, and the application of the Earnings Credit Rate program results in a positive number or Earnings Credit, the Earnings Credit may be used to offset fees accrued in Clients account during the billing period, up to
the amount of the Earnings Credit. Unused Earnings Credits are carried over from month to month during a calendar year and expire at the end of each calendar year. Unused Earnings Credits may not be applied to prior billing periods and cannot be
converted into interest. Client should continuously monitor and adjust balances to ensure optimal use of available Earnings Credits by year-end. |
| G. |
Customized Products. Any customized technology projects required to meet Clients specific
requirements, such as non-standard reporting requirements, system interfaces or enhancements, will be billed to Client based on the time and materials required to design, develop, test and deliver the project,
unless an alternative arrangement is agreed in writing between Client and J.P. Morgan. |
| H. |
Amendments. J.P. Morgan shall request a modification of the fees set forth in this Fee Agreement at any
time if (a) if Clients holdings, activities, or service requirements materially differ from the pricing assumptions used by J.P. Morgan in preparation of this Fee Agreement or (b) there is a change to the scope of services provided
to Client under the Agreement. Both parties agree to negotiate the fee modification in good faith and will agree to any changes before they are applied to the fee schedule. |
| I. |
Expiration. Unless executed by all parties, this Fee Agreement will expire within ninety (90) days
of the date hereof. |
| J. |
Term and Termination. The initial term of this Fee Agreement (the Initial Term) shall
commence on the Effective Date and continue until the earlier of (i) five (5) years from the Effective Date, and (ii) the end date of the initial term in the Agreement. Following the Initial Term, this Fee Agreement shall continue;
provided that, J.P. Morgan shall have the right to modify any of the fees set forth herein upon prior written notice to Client of at least ninety (90) days. Notwithstanding the foregoing, as to the Agreement, this Fee Agreement shall terminate
upon termination of the Agreement and the payment in full of all fees, expenses and charges owing by Client under this Fee Agreement and/or the Agreement. |
| K. |
Confidentiality. The terms and conditions contained herein are proprietary and confidential, and shall
not be disclosed to third parties without express prior written consent by J.P. Morgan. |
| L. |
Entire Agreement. This Fee Agreement, including any schedules, exhibits and annexes sets out the entire
agreement between the parties in connection with the subject matter hereof, and this Fee Agreement supersedes any other agreement, statement or representation relating to fees for the Services, whether oral or written. |
| M. |
Governing Law. As to the Agreement, this Fee Agreement shall be subject to the governing law and
jurisdiction provisions set forth in the Agreement. |
EX-28.g.1.f
AMENDMENT TO THE GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT
This Amendment (the Amendment) to the Global Custody Agreement dated April 4, 2003, as amended (the
Agreement), by and between JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. (J.P. Morgan), as successor-in-interest to a previous J.P. Morgan entity, and
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS (the Customer), as successor-in-interest to Gartmore Mutual Funds, and on behalf of each Fund on the Fund List (each a
Fund), is entered into and made effective as of ___________, 2022 (the Effective Date) by J.P. Morgan and the Customer on behalf of each Fund.
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the parties entered into the Agreement pursuant to which J.P. Morgan was appointed to provide custodial and other services;
and
WHEREAS, J.P. Morgan and Customer wish to revise and update the list of Funds of the Customer that are receiving services
pursuant to the Agreement, as of the Effective Date.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein,
J.P. Morgan and Customer on behalf of each Fund hereby agree as follows:
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1. |
Amendments. The Agreement shall be amended as follows: |
| |
a. |
The Agreement is amended to incorporate the Fund List, which is attached to this Amendment, and any reference
to the Fund List in the Agreement shall mean the Fund List as attached to this Amendment, as it may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time in accordance with the Agreement. |
| |
b. |
Save as varied by this Amendment, the Agreement is confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.
|
| |
a. |
Capitalized terms not defined in this Amendment shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Agreement.
|
| |
b. |
Each party represents to the other parties that all representations contained in the Agreement are true and
accurate as of the date of this Amendment, and that such representations are deemed to be given or repeated by each party, as the case may be on the date of this Amendment. |
| |
c. |
This Amendment will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United States or State of
New York, as applicable, without regard to New Yorks principles regarding conflict of laws. |
| |
d. |
This Amendment and the Agreement, and any documents referred to in each of them, constitute the complete
understanding and agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede and extinguish any other drafts, agreements, undertakings, representations, warranties and arrangements of any nature, whether in writing or oral,
relating to such matter. If any of the provisions of this Amendment are inconsistent, or in conflict, with any of the provisions of the Agreement then, to the extent of any such inconsistency or conflict, the provisions of this Amendment shall
prevail as between the parties. |
| |
e. |
This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
Each party may enter into this Amendment by executing a counterpart and this Amendment shall not take effect until it has been executed by all parties. |
[ Signature page follows ]
2
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be executed by their
respective duly authorized representatives, effective as of the Effective Date.
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| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS,
on behalf of each Fund in the Funds List |
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JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. |
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| By: |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Name: |
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Title: |
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Title: |
3
FUND LIST
to
Global Custody
Agreement, dated April 4, 2003
Fund Name
|
| Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund |
| Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund |
| Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund |
| Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund |
| Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund |
| Nationwide Bond Fund |
| Nationwide Bond Index Fund |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund (f/k/a Nationwide Core Plus Bond Fund) |
| Nationwide Destination Retirement Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2025 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2030 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2035 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2040 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2045 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2050 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2055 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2060 Fund |
| Nationwide Destination 2065 Fund |
| Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
| Nationwide Fund |
| Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund |
| Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund |
| Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund |
| Nationwide Government Money Market Fund |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund (f/k/a Nationwide Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund) |
| Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund |
| Nationwide International Index Fund |
| Nationwide International Small Cap Fund |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Aggressive Fund |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate Fund |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Aggressive Fund |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Conservative Fund |
| Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund |
| Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund |
| Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund |
| Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund |
| Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund |
| Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio |
| Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund |
| Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund |
| Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund |
4
|
| Nationwide U.S. Small Cap Value Fund |
| Nationwide WCM Focused Small Cap Fund |
| Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund |
| Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund (f/k/a Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund) |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund (f/k/a Nationwide Mellon Disciplined Value Fund) |
| Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund |
| Nationwide Bond Portfolio |
| Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
5
EX-28.h.1.a
SCHEDULE C
Joint Fund
Administration and Transfer Agency Agreement
Fee Schedule
Effective May 1, 2010
As
amended September 1, 2012*
Additional Definitions
Funds-of-Funds means each of the NVIT Investor Destinations
Funds, NMF Investor Destinations Funds, NVIT Cardinal Funds, NMF Cardinal Funds and any other similar-type funds.
Sub-Administration Agreement means the Sub-Administration
Agreement between Nationwide Fund Management LLC and J.P. Morgan Investor Services Co. (now known as J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.) dated May 22, 2009 and effective August 24, 2009, as may be amended from time to time, and
attached hereto as Exhibit A.
Sub-Transfer Agency Agreement means the Sub-Transfer Agency Agreement between Nationwide Fund Management LLC and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated September 1, 2012, as may be amended from time to time, and attached hereto as Exhibit B.
Sub-Administrator means J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., pursuant to the Sub-Administration Agreement.
Sub-Transfer Agent means U.S.
Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, pursuant to the Sub-Transfer Agency Agreement.
Fees
In consideration for the provision of Services hereunder, each Fund shall pay to the Administrator and Transfer Agent an annual fee equal to the sum of Item I
and Item II below:
| Item I: |
the amount payable by the Administrator and Transfer Agent to the
Sub-Administrator and Sub-Transfer Agent in respect of each Fund, pursuant to the Sub-Administration Agreement and the Sub-Transfer Agency Agreement. |
| Item II: |
an annual rate based on the combined average daily net assets of both Trusts (including Funds-of-Funds) as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
| Combined net assets of NVIT and NMF |
|
Fee as a Percentage of Net Assets |
|
| Up to $25 billion |
|
|
0.025 |
% |
| $25 billion and more |
|
|
0.02 |
% |
Such fees shall be payable monthly in arrears. Each Fund will also be responsible for out-of-pocket expenses (including, but not limited to, the cost of the pricing services that the Administrator utilizes and any networking fees paid as out-of-pocket expenses) reasonably incurred by the Administrator and the Transfer Agent in providing services to such Fund. All fees and expenses shall be paid by the Funds to the Administrator on behalf of
the Administrator and the Transfer Agent.
| * |
As approved at the December 11, 2012 meeting of the Board of Trustees. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Schedule C on the effective date set
forth above.
|
|
|
| NATIONWIDE VARIABLE INSURANCE TRUST |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Allan J. Oster |
| Name: Allan J. Oster |
| Title: Assistant Secretary |
|
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Allan J. Oster |
| Name: Allan J. Oster |
| Title: Assistant Secretary |
|
| NATIONWIDE FUND MANAGEMENT LLC |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Lee T. Cummings |
| Name: Lee T. Cummings |
| Title: Senior Vice President |
EX-28.h.4.c
EXHIBIT A
TO THE
EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS AND
NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS
Effective May 1, 2007
Amended July 18, 2022*
|
|
|
|
|
| Name of Fund/Class |
|
Expense Limitation for Fund/Class |
|
| Nationwide Government Money Market Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Investor |
|
|
0.59 |
% |
| Service Class |
|
|
0.59 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.59 |
% |
| Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.99 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.99 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.99 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.99 |
% |
Each of the Asset Allocation Funds (Nationwide Investor Destinations Aggressive Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations
Moderately Aggressive Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Conservative Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund)
|
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Service Class |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.25 |
% |
| Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Service Class |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.21 |
% |
| Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.28 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.28 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.28 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.28 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.28 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Nationwide International Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.29 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.29 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.29 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.29 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.29 |
% |
| Nationwide Bond Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.22 |
% |
| Nationwide Bond Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.44 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.44 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.44 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.44 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.44 |
% |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund |
|
|
|
|
| (formerly, Nationwide Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund) |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Class R |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Eagle Class |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.50 |
% |
| Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.94 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.94 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.95 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.95 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.95 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.95 |
% |
| Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.30 |
% |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund |
|
|
|
|
| (formerly, Nationwide Core Plus Bond Fund) |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
1.07 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
1.07 |
% |
| Class M |
|
|
1.07 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
1.07 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
1.07 |
% |
| Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
| Class M |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
1.10 |
% |
| Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
1.05 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
1.05 |
% |
| Class M |
|
|
1.05 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
1.05 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
1.05 |
% |
| Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.98 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.98 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.98 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.98 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
1.22 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
1.22 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
1.22 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
1.22 |
% |
| Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.65 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.65 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.65 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.65 |
% |
| Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.60 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.60 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.60 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.60 |
% |
| Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.45 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.45 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.45 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.45 |
% |
| Nationwide WCM Focused Small Cap Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.80 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.80 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.80 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.80 |
% |
| Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.68 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.68 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.68 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.68 |
% |
| Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.90 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.90 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.90 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.90 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.70 |
% |
| Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Class C |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Nationwide International Small Cap Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.89 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.89 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.89 |
% |
| Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.82 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.82 |
% |
| Eagle Class |
|
|
0.82 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.82 |
% |
| Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund |
|
|
|
|
| (formerly, Nationwide AllianzGI International Growth Fund) |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.72 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.72 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.72 |
% |
| Eagle Class |
|
|
0.72 |
% |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund |
|
|
|
|
| (formerly, Nationwide Mellon Disciplined Value Fund) |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
| Class K |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
| Eagle Class |
|
|
0.66 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund |
|
|
|
|
| Class A |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Institutional Service Class |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Eagle Class |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
|
|
|
|
| Class R6 |
|
|
0.49 |
% |
| * |
As approved by the Board of Trustees at its meeting held on June
14-15, 2022. |
| |
Effective through February 28, 2023. |
| |
Effective through May 31, 2023. |
| |
With respect to the Service Class of the Nationwide Government Money Market Fund, effective until at least
February 28, 2023, the Fund Operating Expenses shall be limited to 0.75% and shall include the Rule 12b-1 fees and fees paid pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan. |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amended Exhibit A to be signed by their respective officers
thereunto duly authorized and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed, as of the day and year first above written.
|
|
|
| NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Lee T. Cummings |
| Name: Lee T. Cummings |
| Title: SVP |
|
| NATIONWIDE FUND ADVISORS |
|
|
| By: |
|
/s/ Lee T. Cummings |
| Name: Lee T. Cummings |
| Title: SVP |
EX-28.n
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
WHEREAS,
Nationwide Mutual Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the Trust), is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940
Act);
WHEREAS, the following have been designated as the series and classes of the Trust:
|
|
|
| Series |
|
Classes |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Dynamic U.S. Core Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Eagle, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Bond Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Government Money Market Fund |
|
Investor, Service, R6 |
| Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund |
|
A, C, R, Service, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Small Cap Index Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Mid Cap Market Index Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide International Index Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Bond Index Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations |
|
|
| Aggressive Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Service, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations |
|
|
| Moderately Aggressive Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Service, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations |
|
|
| Moderate Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Service, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations |
|
|
| Moderately Conservative Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Service, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Investor Destinations |
|
|
| Conservative Fund |
|
A, C, R, R6, Service, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2025 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2030 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2035 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2040 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2045 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2050 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2055 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2060 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination 2065 Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Destination Retirement Fund |
|
A, R, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide American Century Small Cap Income Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Small Company Growth Fund |
|
A, Institutional Service |
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
|
|
|
| Nationwide Global Sustainable Equity Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Inflation-Protected Securities Fund |
|
A, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Core Plus Bond ESG Fund |
|
A, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Bailard Cognitive Value Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service, M |
| Nationwide Bailard International Equities Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service, M |
| Nationwide Bailard Technology & Science Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service, M |
| Nationwide Geneva Mid Cap Growth Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Geneva Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Loomis Core Bond Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Diamond Hill Large Cap Concentrated Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Loomis Short Term Bond Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide WCM Focused Small Cap Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide NYSE Arca Tech 100 Index Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Emerging Markets Debt Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Amundi Global High Yield Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Amundi Strategic Income Fund |
|
A, C, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide International Small Cap Fund |
|
A, R6, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Loomis All Cap Growth Fund |
|
A, R6, Eagle, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Multi-Cap Portfolio |
|
R6 |
| Nationwide Janus Henderson Overseas Fund |
|
A, R6, Eagle, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide BNY Mellon Disciplined Value Fund |
|
A, K, R6, Eagle, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide Bond Portfolio |
|
R6 |
| Nationwide GQG US Quality Equity Fund |
|
A, R6, Eagle, Institutional Service |
| Nationwide U.S. 130/30 Equity Portfolio |
|
R6 |
| * |
As most recently approved at the Board Meeting held on June 14-15,
2022. |
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
WHEREAS,
Nationwide Fund Advisors (NFA) serves as investment adviser for each of the series;
WHEREAS, Nationwide Fund Distributors LLC serves as
underwriter and Nationwide Fund Management LLC serves as fund administrator and transfer agent for the series of the Trust;
WHEREAS, the Trust has
adopted a Distribution Plan (12b-1 Plan) under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act providing for:
| (1) |
in the case of Class A shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 0.25% per annum of average net assets;
|
| (2) |
in the case of Class C shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 1.00% per annum of average net assets of
which 0.25% per annum is considered a service fee; |
| (3) |
in the case of the Service Class shares of the Nationwide Investor Destinations Aggressive Fund,
Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Aggressive Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderate Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Moderately Conservative Fund, Nationwide Investor Destinations Conservative Fund, fees of not more than
0.25% per annum of average net assets; |
| (4) |
in the case of the Service Class shares of the Nationwide S&P 500 Index Fund and the Nationwide
Government Money Market Fund, fees of not more than 0.15% per annum of average net assets; and |
| (5) |
in the case of Class R shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 0.50% per annum of average net assets of
which 0.25% is considered a service fee. And |
| (6) |
in the case of Class K shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 0.10% per annum of average net assets.
|
WHEREAS, the Trust has adopted an Administrative Services Plan providing for:
| (1) |
in the case of Class A, Class C, Class R, Institutional Service Class and Service
Class shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 0.25% per annum of average net assets; and |
| (2) |
in the case of Eagle Class shares of the Funds, fees of not more than 0.10% per annum of average net
assets. |
WHEREAS, the Trust has established a Multiple Class Distribution System enabling the Trust, as described in its
prospectuses, to offer eligible investors the option of purchasing shares of its series with the following features (not all series offer each option):
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
| (1) |
with a front-end sales load (which can vary among series and which is
subject to certain reductions and waivers among groups of purchasers) and providing for a 12b-1 fee, an administrative services fee and under certain circumstances, a contingent deferred sales charge
(CDSC) may be applicable for purchases sold without a sales charge and for which a finders fee is paid (the Class A shares of the Funds); |
| (2) |
without a front-end load and subject to a CDSC (each of which may be
subject to certain reductions and waivers among groups of purchasers), and providing for a 12b-1 fee and an administrative services fee (the Class C shares of the Funds);
|
| (3) |
without a front-end load or CDSC, but providing for a 12b-1 fee (the Class K shares of the Funds); |
| (4) |
without a front-end load or CDSC, but providing for an administrative
services fee (the Institutional Service Class shares of the Funds); |
| (5) |
without a front-end load or CDSC, but providing for an administrative
services fee (the Eagle Class shares of the Funds); |
| (6) |
without a front-end load or CDSC, but providing for a 12b-1 fee and an administrative services fee (the Service Class shares of the Funds); |
| (7) |
without a front-end load or CDSC,
12b-1 fee, or administrative service fee (the Class M shares of the Funds); |
| (8) |
without a front-end load or CDSC or
12b-1 fee, but with an administrative service fee (the Investor Shares of the Government Money Market Fund); |
| (9) |
without a front-end load or CDSC, but providing for a 12b-1 fee and/or administrative services fee (the Class R shares of the Funds); and |
| (10) |
without a front-end load or CDSC,
12b-1 fee, or administrative service fee (the Class R6 shares of the Funds). |
WHEREAS, Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act permits an open-end management
investment company to issue multiple classes of voting stock representing interests in the same portfolio notwithstanding Sections 18(f)(1) and 18(i) under the 1940 Act if, among other things, such investment company adopts a written plan setting
forth the separate arrangements and expense allocation of each class and any related conversion features or exchange privileges;
NOW, THEREFORE, the
Trust, wishing to be governed by Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act, hereby adopts this Rule 18f-3 Plan as follows:
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
| 1. |
Each class of shares of a series will represent interests in the same portfolio of investments of such series
of the Trust, and be identical in all respects to each other class of that series, except as set forth below. The only differences among the various classes of shares of the series of the Trust will relate solely to (a) different distribution
or service fee payments associated with any Rule 12b-1 Plan for a particular class of shares and any other costs relating to implementing or amending such Plan (including obtaining shareholder approval of such
Plan or any amendment thereto), which will be borne solely by shareholders of such class; and (b) different administrative service fees associated with any Administrative Services Plan; (c) different dedicated distribution channels; and
(d) different Class Expenses, which will be limited to the following expenses as determined by the Trustees to be attributable to a specific class of shares: (i) transfer agency fees identified as being attributable to a specific
class; (ii) printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials such as shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxy statements to current shareholders of a specific class; (iii) Blue Sky notification and/or
filing fees incurred by a class of shares; (iv) SEC registration fees incurred by a class; (v) expenses of administrative personnel and services as required to support the shareholders of a specific class; (vi) litigation or other
legal expenses and audit or other accounting expenses relating solely to one class; (vii) Trustee fees or expenses incurred as a result of issues relating to one class; and (viii) shareholder meeting costs that relate to a specific class;
(d) the voting rights related to any 12b-1 Plan affecting a specific class of shares or related to any other matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of a Class differ from the
interests of any other Class; (e) conversion features; (f) exchange privileges; and (g) class names or designations. Any additional incremental expenses not specifically identified above that are subsequently identified and determined
to be properly applied to one class of shares of a series of the Trust shall be so applied upon approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust.
|
| 2. |
Under the Multiple Class Distribution System, certain expenses may be attributable to the Trust, but not
to a particular series or class thereof. All such expenses will be allocated among series based upon the relative aggregate net assets of such series. Expenses that are attributable to a particular series, but not to a particular class thereof, and
income, realized gains and losses, and unrealized appreciation and depreciation will be allocated to each class based on its net asset value relative to the net asset value of the series if such series does not pay daily dividends and if the series
does pay daily dividends on the basis of the settled shares method (as described in Rule 18f-3(c)(iii)). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the principal underwriter, the investment adviser or other provider of
services to the Trust may waive or reimburse the expenses of a specific class or classes to the extent permitted under Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act and pursuant to any applicable ruling, procedure or
regulation of the Internal Revenue Service. |
NATIONWIDE MUTUAL FUNDS
RULE 18f-3 PLAN
Effective March 2, 2009
Amended July 18, 2022*
A class of shares may be permitted to bear expenses that are directly attributable to such class including: (a) any distribution/service
fees associated with any Rule 12b-1 Plan for a particular class and any other costs relating to implementing or amending such Plan (including obtaining shareholder approval of such plan or any amendment
thereto); (b) any administrative services fees associated with any administrative services plan for a particular class and any other costs relating to implementing or amending such plan (including obtaining shareholder approval of such plan or any
amendment thereto) attributable to such class; and (c) any Class Expenses determined by the Trustees to be attributable to such class.
| 3. |
Class C shares of the series, other than shares purchased through reinvestment of a dividend or a
distribution with respect to the Class C shares of the series, shall automatically convert to Class A shares of the same series during the month immediately following the month that is eight years after which the Class C shares of the
series were purchased. Such conversion will be on the basis of the relative net asset values of each class without the imposition of any sales load, fee, or other charge. After the conversion, such shares will be Class A shares and will have
all of the characteristics and rights of Class A shares of the same series. Shares purchased through the reinvestment of a dividend or a distribution with respect to the Class C shares of the series will be converted to Class A shares
of the same series in the same proportion as the number of the shareholders Class C shares of the series converting to Class A shares of the same series bears to the shareholders total Class C shares of the series not acquired
through dividends and distributions. |
| 4. |
To the extent exchanges are permitted, shares of any class of the Trust will be exchangeable with shares of the
same class of another series of the Trust, or with money market fund shares of the Trust as described in the applicable prospectus. Exchanges will comply with all applicable provisions of Rule 11a-3 under the
1940 Act. |
| 5. |
Dividends and distributions paid by a series of the Trust as to each class of its shares, to the extent any
dividends or distributions are paid, will be calculated in the same manner, at the same time, on the same day, and will be in the same amount for each such class, except that any distribution/service fees, administrative services fees, and
Class Expenses allocated to a class will be borne exclusively by that class and will be taken into account in determining the amount of dividends and distributions paid with respect to that class. |
| 6. |
Any distribution arrangement of the Trust, including distribution fees and
front-end and deferred sales loads, will comply with Section 2341 of the Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. |
| 7. |
The initial adoption of, and all material amendments, to this 18f-3
Plan must be approved by a majority of the members of the Trusts Trustees, including a majority of the Board members who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust. |
| 8. |
Prior to the initial adoption of, and any material amendments to, this
18f-3 Plan, the Trusts Trustees shall request and evaluate, and any agreement relating to a class arrangement shall require the parties thereto to furnish, such information as may be reasonably necessary
to evaluate the 18f-3 Plan. |
EX-28.p.23
GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC
GOLDMAN SACHS INTERNATIONAL
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.
GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL
GOLDMAN SACHS HEDGE FUND STRATEGIES LLC
GS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, LLC
GSAM STABLE VALUE, LLC
APTITUDE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, L.P.
ROCATON INVESTMENT ADVISERS, LLC
GSAM STRATEGIST PORTFOLIOS, LLC.
GOLDMAN SACHS INVESTMENT STRATEGIES CANADA INC.
CODE OF ETHICS
Effective Date: August 29, 2019
Revision History
| |
A. |
Access Person with respect to Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GS&Co.) and Goldman
Sachs International (GSI) the principal underwriters of any Investment Company (as defined below), means any director, officer or general partner who, in the ordinary course of business, makes, participates in or obtains information
regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by any Investment Company or whose functions or duties in the ordinary course of business relate to the making of any recommendation to the Investment Company regarding the purchase or sale of
Covered Securities. |
Access Person with respect to Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. and GSAM related
entities other than GS&Co. and GSI (GSAM) means any of their Supervised Persons (as defined below) who: (1) has access to (a) non-public information regarding any clients
purchase or sale of securities, or (b) non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund (as defined below) or (2) is involved in making securities recommendations to
clients or who has access to such recommendations that are non-public. For these purposes, all GSAM directors, officers and partners are considered to be Access Persons. In addition, Access Person
means (1) any employee of GSAM (and any director, officer, general partner or employee of any company in a control relationship to GSAM) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in or obtains
information regarding the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by an Investment Company, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and (2) any natural person in a control
relationship to the Adviser who obtains information concerning the recommendations made to an Investment Company with regard to the purchase or sale of a Covered Security by an Investment Company.
| |
B. |
Adviser means each GSAM related entity so long as it serves as investment adviser, sub-adviser, or principal underwriter to any Investment Company. |
| |
C. |
Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases or withdrawals are
made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan. |
| |
D. |
Beneficial Ownership of a security shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under
Rule 16a-1 (a) (2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Securities Exchange Act), in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of
Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. |
| |
E. |
Board of Trustees means the board of trustees, directors or managers, including a majority of the
disinterested trustees/directors/managers, of any Investment Company for which an Adviser serves as an investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter. |
| |
F. |
Control shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). Section 2(a)(9) generally provides that control means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such
power is solely the result of an official position with such company. |
| |
G. |
Covered Security means a security as defined in Section 202(a)(18) of the Investment Advisers
Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Advisers Act) or Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act, and open-end ETF shares and UIT ETF shares, except that it does not include:
(1) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (2) bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments (any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less
than 366 days and that is in one of the two highest rating categories of a nationally recognized statistical rating organization), including repurchase agreements; (3) shares issued by money market funds registered under the Investment Company
Act; (4) shares issued by open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act other than Reportable Funds; and (5) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested
exclusively in one or more open-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act, none of which are Reportable Funds (6) qualified tuition programs established pursuant to
Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (529 Plans), including interests in pre-paid tuition 529 plans and college savings 529 plans. |
| |
H. |
Exchange-traded fund (ETF) means an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act
as a unit investment trust (UIT ETF) or as an open-end investment company (open-end ETF) that is comprised of a basket of securities to replicate
a securities index or subset of securities underlying an index. ETFs are traded on securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets intra-day at negotiated prices. |
| |
I. |
Federal Securities Laws means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act, the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act, the Investment Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under any of these statutes, the
Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to investment companies and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury. |
| |
J. |
Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of
1933, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act. |
| |
K. |
Investment Company means a company registered as such under the Investment Company Act, or any
series thereof, for which the Adviser is the investment adviser, sub-adviser or principal underwriter. |
| |
L. |
Investment Personnel of the Adviser means (i) any employee of the Adviser (or of any company
in a control relationship to the Adviser) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by an Investment Company or (ii) any natural
person who controls the Adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to an Investment Company regarding the purchase or sale of securities by an Investment Company. |
| |
M. |
A Limited Offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of
1933 pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505 or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933. |
| |
N. |
Purchase or sale of Covered Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to
purchase or sell a Covered Security or any security that is exchangeable for or convertible into another Covered Security. |
| |
O. |
Reportable Fund means any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act for which
the Adviser serves as an investment adviser as defined in Section 2(a)(20) of the Investment Company Act or any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls the
Adviser, is controlled by the Adviser or is under common control with the Adviser. |
| |
P. |
Review Officer means the officer of the Adviser designated from time to time by the Adviser to
receive and review reports of purchases and sales by Access Persons. The term Alternative Review Officer means the officer of the Adviser designated from time to time by the Adviser to receive and review reports of purchases and sales by
the Review Officer, and who shall act in all respects in the manner prescribed herein for the Review Officer. It is recognized that a different Review Officer and Alternative Review Officer may be designated with respect to each Adviser.
|
| |
Q. |
Supervised Person means any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status
or performing similar functions), or employee of GSAM or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of GSAM and is subject to the supervision and control of GSAM. |
| |
R. |
A security is being considered for purchase or sale when a recommendation to purchase or sell a
security has been made and communicated and, with respect to the person making the recommendation, when such person seriously considers making such a recommendation. With respect to an analyst of the Adviser, the foregoing period shall commence on
the day that he or she decides to recommend the purchase or sale of the security to the Adviser for an Investment Company. |
| |
S. |
A security is held or to be acquired if within the most recent 15 days it (1) is or has been
held by the Investment Company, or (2) is being or has been considered by the Adviser for purchase by the Investment Company, and (3) includes any option to purchase or sell and any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security
described in (1) or (2). |
Section 17(j) of the Investment Company Act provides, among other things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of the Adviser to
engage in any act, practice or course of business in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such affiliated person of any security held or to be acquired by an Investment Company in contravention of such rules and
regulations as the Commission may adopt to define and prescribe means reasonably necessary to prevent such acts, practices or courses of business as are fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative.
Pursuant to Section 17(j), the Commission has adopted Rule 17j-1 which provides, among other
things, that it is unlawful for any affiliated person of the Adviser in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a Covered Security held or to be acquired by an Investment Company:
| |
(1) |
To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud such Investment Company; |
| |
(2) |
To make any untrue statement of a material fact to such Investment Company or omit to state a material fact
necessary in order to make the statements made to such Investment Company, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading; |
| |
(3) |
To engage in any act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon
any such Investment Company; or |
| |
(4) |
To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such Investment Company. |
Similarly, Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act provides that it is unlawful for any investment adviser, directly or indirectly:
| |
(1) |
To employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any client or prospective client; |
| |
(2) |
To engage in any transaction, practice or course of business which operates as a fraud or deceit upon any
client or prospective client; or |
| |
(3) |
To engage in any act, practice or course of business which is fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative.
|
In addition, Section 204A of the Investment Advisers Act requires the Adviser to establish written policies and procedures
reasonably designed to prevent the misuse in violation of the Investment Advisers Act or Securities Exchange Act or rules or regulations thereunder of material, non-public information by the Adviser or any
person associated with the Adviser. Pursuant to Section 204A, the Commission has adopted Rule 204A-1 which requires the Adviser to maintain and enforce a written code of ethics.
It is the policy of the Adviser that the Adviser and its Supervised Persons shall comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws and that no
Supervised Person shall engage in any act, practice or course of conduct that would violate the provisions of Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act or Sections 204 and 206 of the Investment Advisers Act.
No Supervised Person shall engage in, or permit anyone within his or her control to engage in, any act, practice or course of conduct which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon, or constitute a manipulative practice with respect to, an Investment
Company or other investment advisory clients or an issuer of any security owned by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients. In addition, the fundamental position of the Adviser is, and has been, that each Access Person shall place
at all times the interests of each Investment Company and its shareholders and all other investment advisory clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. Accordingly, private securities transactions by Access Persons of the Adviser
must be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and so as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an Access Persons position of trust and responsibility. Further, Access Persons should not take
inappropriate advantage of their positions with, or relationship to, any Investment Company, any other investment advisory client, the Adviser or any affiliated company.
Without limiting in any manner the fiduciary duty owed by Access Persons to the Investment
Companies under the provisions of this Code, it should be noted that purchases and sales may be made by Access Persons in the marketplace of securities owned by the Investment Companies; provided, however, that such securities transactions comply
with the spirit of, and the specific restrictions and limitations set forth in, this Code. Such personal securities transactions should also be made in amounts consistent with the normal investment practice of the person involved and with an
investment, rather than a trading, outlook. Not only does this policy encourage investment freedom and result in investment experience, but it also fosters a continuing personal interest in such investments by those responsible for the continuous
supervision of the Investment Companies portfolios. It is also evidence of confidence in the investments made. In making personal investment decisions with respect to any security, however, extreme care must be exercised by Access Persons to
ensure that the prohibitions of this Code are not violated. Further, personal investing by an Access Person should be conducted in such a manner so as to eliminate the possibility that the Access Persons time and attention is being devoted to
his or her personal investments at the expense of time and attention that should be devoted to management of an Investment Companys or other investment advisory clients portfolio. It bears emphasis that technical compliance with the
procedures, prohibitions and limitations of this Code will not automatically insulate from scrutiny personal securities transactions which show a pattern of abuse by an Access Person of his or her fiduciary duty to any Investment Company or other
investment advisory clients.
Every Supervised Person shall promptly report any violation of this Code of Ethics to the Advisers
chief compliance officer and the Review Officer.
| IV. |
EXEMPTED TRANSACTIONS |
The Statement of Policy set forth above shall be deemed not to be violated by and the prohibitions of Section V.A(1) and (2) of this Code
shall not apply to:
| |
A. |
Purchases or sales of securities effected for, or held in, any account over which the Access Person has no
direct or indirect influence or control; |
| |
B. |
Purchases or sales of securities which are not eligible for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other
investment advisory clients; |
| |
C. |
Purchases or sales of securities which are non-volitional on the part
of the Access Person, an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients; |
| |
D. |
Purchases or sales of securities which are part of an Automatic Investment Plan provided that no adjustment is
made by the Access Person to the rate at which securities are purchased or sold, as the case may be, under such a plan during any period in which the security is being considered for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other investment
advisory clients; |
| |
E. |
Purchases of securities effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all
holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired; |
| |
F. |
Tenders of securities pursuant to tender offers which are expressly conditioned on the tender offers
acquisition of all of the securities of the same class; |
| |
G. |
Purchases or sales of publicly-traded shares of companies that have a market capitalization in excess of
$5 billion; |
| |
H. |
Chief Investment Officer (CIO) signature approved de minimis per day purchases or sales ($50,000 or
less) of publicly traded shares of companies that have a 10-day average daily trading volume of at least $1 million, subject to the following additional parameters: |
| |
(1) |
Access Persons must submit a current (same day) printout of a Yahoo Finance, Bridge or Bloomberg (or similar
service) screen with the minimum 10-day average daily trading volume information indicated; |
| |
(2) |
No Access Person (together with related accounts) may own more than
1⁄2 of 1% of the outstanding securities of an issuer; |
| |
(3) |
Multiple trades of up to $50,000 on different days are permitted so long as each day the trade is approved; and
|
| |
(4) |
A security purchased pursuant to this exemption must be held for a minimum of 360 days prior to sale unless it
appears on the Advisers $5 billion Self Pre-Clearance Securities List or normal pre-clearance pursuant to Section VII of this Code is obtained, in
which case the security must be held for at least 30 days prior to sale. |
| |
I. |
Purchases or sales of securities with respect to which neither an Access Person, nor any member of his or her
immediate family as defined in Rule 16a-1(c) under the Exchange Act, has any direct or indirect influence, control or prior knowledge, which purchases or sales are effected for, or held in, a blind
account. For this purpose, a blind account is an account over which an investment adviser exercises full investment discretion (subject to account guidelines) and does not consult with or seek the approval of the Access Person, or
any member of his or her immediate family, with respect to such purchases and sales; and |
| |
J. |
Other purchases or sales which, due to factors determined by the Adviser, only remotely potentially impact the
interests of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients because the securities transaction involves a small number of shares of an issuer with a large market capitalization and high average daily trading volume or would otherwise be
very unlikely to affect a highly institutional market. |
| |
K. |
Transactions within a 529 Plan |
| V. |
PROHIBITED PURCHASES AND SALES |
| |
A. |
While the scope of actions which may violate the Statement of Policy set forth above cannot be exactly defined,
such actions would always include at least the following prohibited activities: |
| |
(1) |
No Access Person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has,
or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership and which to his or her actual knowledge at the time of such purchase or sale the Covered Security: |
| |
(i) |
is being considered for purchase or sale by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients; or
|
| |
(ii) |
is being purchased or sold by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients.
|
| |
(2) |
No Access Person shall enter an order for the purchase or sale of a Covered Security which an Investment
Company or other investment advisory clients is purchasing or selling or considering for purchase or sale until the later of (i) the day after the Investment Companys or other investment advisory clients transaction in that Covered
Security is completed or (ii) such time as the Investment Company or other investment advisory clients is no longer considering the security for purchase or sale, unless the Review Officer determines that it is clear that, in view of the nature
of the Covered Security and the market for such Covered Security, the order of the Access Person will not adversely affect the price paid or received by the Investment Company or other investment advisory clients. Any securities transactions by an
Access Person in violation of this Subsection 2 must be unwound, if possible, and the profits, if any, will be subject to disgorgement based on the assessment of the appropriate remedy as determined by the Adviser. |
The preceding restrictions of this Section V.A(2) are not applicable to particular Access Persons with respect to transactions by Investment
Companies or other advisory clients whose trading and holdings information is unavailable to such Access Persons due to the presence of an information barrier. Access Persons in GSAMs AIMS group for example, are generally walled
off from non-public trading and holdings information of GSAMs direct investing businesses, such as GSAMs Fixed Income or Fundamental Equity business. As a result, these Access Persons would
not be subject to the restrictions of Section V.A(2) with respect to those particular client accounts.
| |
(3) |
No Access Person shall, in the absence of prior approval by the Review Officer, sell any Covered Security that
was purchased, or purchase a Covered Security that was sold, within the prior 30 calendar days (measured on a last-in first-out basis). |
| |
B. |
In addition to the foregoing, the following provisions will apply to Access Persons of the Adviser:
|
| |
(1) |
No Access Person shall reveal to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf
of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients) any information regarding securities transactions by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients or consideration by an Investment Company or other investment advisory
clients or the Adviser of any such securities transaction. |
| |
(2) |
Access Persons must, as a regulatory requirement and as a requirement of this Code, obtain prior approval
before directly or indirectly acquiring beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering. In addition, Access Persons must comply with any additional restrictions or prohibitions that may be adopted by
the Adviser from time to time. |
| |
C. |
In addition to the foregoing, the following provision will apply to Investment Personnel of the Adviser:
|
| |
(1) |
No Investment Personnel shall serve on the board of directors of any publicly traded company, absent prior
written authorization and determination by the Review Officer that the board service would be consistent with the interests of the Investment Companies and their shareholders or other investment advisory clients. Such interested Investment Personnel
may not participate in the decision for any Investment Company or other investment advisory clients to purchase and sell securities of such company. |
Access Persons are required to direct their brokers to supply for the Review Officer on a timely basis duplicate copies of confirmations of all
securities transactions in which the Access Person has a beneficial ownership interest and related periodic statements, whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section IV applies. If an Access Person is unable to arrange for duplicate copies
of confirmations and periodic account statements to be sent to the Review Officer, he or she must immediately notify the Review Officer.
| VII. |
PRECLEARANCE PROCEDURE |
With such exceptions and conditions as the Adviser deems to be appropriate from time to time and consistent with the purposes of this Code (for
example, exceptions based on an issuers market capitalization, the amount of public trading activity in a security, the size of a particular transaction or other factors), prior to effecting any securities transactions in which an Access
Person has a beneficial ownership interest, the Access Person must receive approval by the Adviser. Any approval is valid only for such number of day(s) as may be determined from time to time by the Adviser. If an Access Person is unable to effect
the securities transaction during such period, he or she must re-obtain approval prior to effecting the securities transaction.
The Adviser will decide whether to approve a personal securities transaction for an Access Person after considering the specific restrictions
and limitations set forth in, and the spirit of, this Code of Ethics, including whether the security at issue is being considered for purchase or sale for an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients (taking into account the Access
Persons access to information regarding the transactions and holdings of such Investment Company or other investment advisory client). The Adviser is not required to give any explanation for refusing to approve a securities transaction.
| |
A. |
Every Access Person shall report to the Review Officer the information: (1) described in Section VIII-C of this Code with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which such Access Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquires or disposes of, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the
Covered Security, and (2) described in Sections VIII-D or VIII-E of this Code with respect to securities holdings beneficially owned by the Access Person.
|
| |
B. |
Notwithstanding Section VIII-A of this Code, an Access Person need not
make a report to the extent the information in the report would duplicate information recorded pursuant to Rule 204-2(a)(13) under the Investment Advisers Act or if the report would duplicate information
contained in broker trade confirmations or account statements so long as the Adviser receives confirmations or statements no later than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter. The quarterly transaction reports required under
Section VIII-A(1) shall be deemed made with respect to (1) any account where the Access Person has made provision for transmittal of all daily trading information regarding the account to be delivered to the designated Review Officer for his or
her review or (2) any account maintained with the Adviser or an affiliate. With respect to Investment Companies for which the Adviser does not act as investment adviser or sub-adviser, reports required to
be furnished by officers and trustees or managers of such Investment Companies who are Access Persons of the Adviser must be made under Section VIII-C of this Code and furnished to the designated review
officer of the relevant investment adviser. |
| |
C. |
Quarterly Transaction and New Account Reports. Unless quarterly transaction reports are deemed to have
been made under Section VIII-B of this Code, every quarterly transaction report shall be made not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates
was effected, and shall contain the following information: |
| |
(1) |
The date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker or CUSIP number, the interest
rate and maturity date, class and the number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved; |
| |
(2) |
The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
|
| |
(3) |
The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; |
| |
(4) |
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected;
|
| |
(5) |
The date that the report was submitted by the Access Person; and |
| |
(6) |
With respect to any account established by an Access Person in which any securities were held during the
quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person: |
| |
(a) |
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person established the account;
|
| |
(b) |
The date the account was established; and |
| |
(c) |
The date that the report was submitted by the Access Person. |
| |
D. |
Initial Holdings Reports. No later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person, each Access Person must
submit a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person): |
| |
(1) |
The title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares
and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; |
| |
(2) |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintained an account in which any
securities (not just Covered Securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and |
| |
(3) |
The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
| |
E. |
Annual Holdings Reports. On an annual basis, every Access Person shall submit the following information
(which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted): |
| |
(1) |
The title and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares
and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; |
| |
(2) |
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any
securities (not just Covered Securities) are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and |
| |
(3) |
The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
| |
F. |
These reporting requirements shall apply whether or not one of the exemptions listed in Section IV applies
except that: (1) an Access Person shall not be required to make a report with respect to securities transactions effected for, and any Covered Securities held in, any account over which such Access Person does not have any direct or indirect
influence or control; and (2) an Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report with respect to the transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan or a 529 Plan. |
| |
G. |
Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person
making such report that (1) he or she has or had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Covered Security to which the report relates (a Subject Security) or (2) he or she knew or should have known that the Subject
Security was being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients on the same day. |
| IX. |
APPROVAL OF CODE OF ETHICS AND AMENDMENTS TO THE CODE OF ETHICS |
The Board of Trustees of each Investment Company shall approve this Code of Ethics. Any material amendments to this Code of Ethics must be
approved by the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company no later than six months after the adoption of the material change. Before their approval of this Code of Ethics and any material amendments hereto, the Adviser shall provide a
certification to the Board of Trustees of each such Investment Company that the Adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating the Code of Ethics.
| X. |
ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE |
Each Supervised Person shall certify to the Review Officer annually on the form annexed hereto as Form A that he or she (A) has read and
understands this Code of Ethics and any procedures that are adopted by the Adviser relating to this Code, and recognizes that he or she is subject thereto; (B) has complied with the requirements of this Code of Ethics and such procedures; and
(C) if an Access Person, has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions and beneficial holdings in Covered Securities required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code of Ethics and any related
procedures.
All reports of securities transactions, holding reports and any other information filed with the Adviser pursuant to this Code shall be treated
as confidential, except that reports of securities transactions and holdings reports hereunder will be made available to the Investment Companies and to the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization to the extent required by
law or regulation or to the extent the Adviser considers necessary or advisable in cooperating with an investigation or inquiry by the Commission or any other regulatory or self-regulatory organization.
| |
A. |
The Review Officer shall be responsible for the review of the quarterly transaction reports required under VIII-C, and the initial and annual holdings reports required under Sections VIII-D and VIII-E, respectively, of this Code of Ethics. In
connection with the review of these reports, the Review Officer or the Alternative Review Officer shall take appropriate measures to determine whether each reporting person has complied with the provisions of this Code of Ethics and any related
procedures adopted by the Adviser. Any violations of the Code of Ethics shall be reported promptly to the Advisers chief compliance officer by the Review Officer, or Alternate Review Officer, as applicable. |
| |
B. |
On an annual basis, the Review Officer shall prepare for the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company and
the Board of Trustees of each Investment Company shall consider: |
| |
(1) |
A report which describes any issues arising under this Code or any related procedures adopted by the Adviser
including without limitation information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to material violations. An Alternative Review Officer shall prepare reports with respect to compliance by the Review Officer;
|
| |
(2) |
A report identifying any recommended changes to existing restrictions or procedures based upon the
Advisers experience under this Code, evolving industry practices and developments in applicable laws or regulations; and |
| |
(3) |
A report certifying to the Board of Trustees that the Adviser has adopted procedures that are reasonably
necessary to prevent Access Persons from violating this Code of Ethics. |
Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Adviser may impose such sanction(s) as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, a
letter of censure, suspension or termination of the employment of the violator and/or restitution to the affected Investment Company or other investment advisory client of an amount equal to the advantage that the offending person gained by reason
of such violation. In addition, as part of any sanction, the Adviser may require the Access Person or other individual involved to reverse the trade(s) at issue and forfeit any profit or absorb any loss from the trade. It is noted that violations of
this Code may also result in criminal prosecution or civil action. All material violations of this Code and any sanctions imposed with respect thereto shall be reported periodically to the Board of Trustees of the Investment Company with respect to
whose securities the violation occurred.
| XIV. |
INTERPRETATION OF PROVISIONS |
The Adviser may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as it deems appropriate.
| XV. |
IDENTIFICATION OF ACCESS PERSONS AND INVESTMENT PERSONNEL; ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION TO SUPERVISED PERSONS
|
The Adviser shall identify all persons who are considered to be Access Persons and Investment Personnel, and shall
inform such persons of their respective duties and provide them with copies of this Code and any related procedures or amendments to this Code adopted by the Adviser. In addition, all Supervised Persons shall be provided with a copy of this Code and
all amendments. All Supervised Persons (including Access Persons) shall provide the Review Officer with a written acknowledgment of their receipt of the Code and any amendments.
| XVI. |
EXCEPTIONS TO THE CODE |
Although exceptions to the Code will rarely, if ever, be granted, a designated Officer of the Adviser, after consultation with the Review
Officer, may make exceptions on a case by case basis, from any of the provisions of this Code upon a determination that the conduct at issue involves a negligible opportunity for abuse or otherwise merits an exception from the Code. All such
exceptions must be received in writing by the person requesting the exception before becoming effective. The Review Officer shall report any exception to the Board of Trustees of the Investment Company with respect to which the exception applies at
its next regularly scheduled Board meeting.
The Adviser shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained using micrographic or
electronic storage medium under the conditions described in Rule 204-2(g) of the Investment Advisers Act and Rule 31a-2(f)(1) and Rule
17j-1 under the Investment Company Act, and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Commission.
| |
A. |
A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect
shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years in an easily accessible place; |
| |
B. |
A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved
in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
| |
C. |
A copy of each initial holdings report, annual holdings report and quarterly transaction report made by an
Access Person pursuant to this Code (including any brokerage confirmation or account statements provided in lieu of the reports) shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the
first two years in an easily accessible place; |
| |
D. |
A record of the names of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make initial
holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
| |
E. |
A record of all written acknowledgements for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was,
required to acknowledge their receipt of this Code and any amendments thereto. All acknowledgements for a person must be kept for the period such person is a Supervised Person of the Adviser and until five years after the person ceases to be a
Supervised Person of the Adviser. |
| |
F. |
A record of the names of all persons, currently or within the past five years who are or were responsible for
reviewing initial holdings, annual holdings or quarterly transaction reports shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; |
| |
G. |
A record of any decision and the reason supporting the decision to approve the acquisition by Access Person of
Initial Public Offerings and Limited Offerings shall be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted; and |
| |
H. |
A copy of each report required by Section XII-B of this Code shall be
maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it was made, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
| XVIII. |
SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND REVIEW PROCEDURES |
The Adviser may establish, in its discretion, supplemental compliance and review procedures (the Procedures) that are in addition
to those set forth in this Code in order to provide additional assurance that the purposes of this Code are fulfilled and/or assist the Adviser in the administration of this Code. The Procedures may be more, but shall not be less, restrictive than
the provisions of this Code. The Procedures, and any amendments thereto, do not require the approval of the Board of Trustees of an Investment Company or other investment advisory clients.
Revision History
| |
|
|
August 29, 2019 (Updated to reflect the name change of Standard & Poors Investment Advisory
Services to GSAM Strategist Portfolios, LLC) |
| |
|
|
August 20, 2019 (Updated to specify additional GSAM related entities) |
| |
|
|
February 14, 2019 (Updated to add Goldman Sachs International) |
| |
|
|
January 10, 2018 (Minor corrections to fix typos, formatting adjustments) |
| |
|
|
April 28, 2017 (Updated to reflect Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC new legal entity name) |
| |
|
|
December 5, 2014 (Reviewed and re-approved without change)
|
| |
|
|
February 23, 2005 (first web posting) |
| |
|
|
January 23, 1991 (original date) |
EX-28.p.24
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc.
Code of Ethics
INTRODUCTION
Jacobs Levy Equity Management, Inc. (Jacobs Levy) has adopted this Code of Ethics (the Code) for the purpose of
establishing the standards of conduct and rules for staff regarding conflicts of interest, personal investing and other activities, and compliance with applicable law. The guidelines below are designed to prevent or manage circumstances that may
lead to, or give the appearance of, conflicts of interest, abusive trading, or unethical business conduct and to ensure that high ethical standards are maintained by Jacobs Levy and its staff.
As a registered investment adviser and a fiduciary, Jacobs Levy owes an undivided duty of loyalty to the investment companies and other clients for which
Jacobs Levy serves as investment manager, adviser, or sub-adviser. Jacobs Levy insists on strict adherence to fiduciary standards and compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws. Adherence
to this Code is a fundamental condition of employment with Jacobs Levy.
CCO means the Chief Compliance Officer of Jacobs Levy1.
Client means any person or entity for which Jacobs Levy serves as investment manager, adviser, or
sub-adviser.
Supervised Person refers to a person who is a shareholder, officer, or employee
of Jacobs Levy and includes any other person who provides investment advice on behalf of Jacobs Levy and is subject to Jacobs Levys supervision and control.
| III. |
Compliance Certification |
Supervised Persons are required to certify at least annually that they: (i) have received, read, and understand the Code and recognize that they are
subject to it, (ii) have complied with all the requirements of the Code during the calendar year, (iii) have reported or, if applicable, obtained approval for all personal securities transactions, gifts and business entertainment, and
political contributions and activities pursuant to the requirements of this Code, and (iv) are not subject to certain disciplinary matters. New Supervised Persons will be required to certify they have received, read, and understand this Code
upon commencement of employment with Jacobs Levy.
| IV. |
Reporting Violations of the Code and Statement and Sanctions |
| |
|
|
Supervised Persons subject to this Code who fail to comply with any of the policies or procedures described
herein may also be violating the federal securities laws or other federal and state laws. |
| |
|
|
Any violation or suspected violation of this Code should be reported immediately to the CCO. Any Supervised
Person reporting a suspected violation by another person in good faith will not be subject to reprisals for such reporting. |
| |
|
|
Upon determining that a violation has occurred, Jacobs Levy may impose on the relevant Supervised Person such
sanctions as it deems appropriate, including, among other things, fines, censure, suspension, or termination of service. |
| 1 |
References to CCO in this Policy will mean the CCO or a designee of the CCO. |
STANDARDS OF CONDUCT AND COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
Jacobs Levy recognizes and respects its staffs right to privacy concerning personal affairs. However, to ensure that we fulfill our legal and fiduciary
obligations, Jacobs Levy requires Supervised Persons to (i) provide full and timely disclosure of any situation that could result in a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict and (ii) comply with the restrictions and
procedures set out in this Code.
Business Standards
To reinforce our commitment to high ethical standards, we have adopted the business conduct standards described below.
| |
|
|
Supervised Persons must treat Clients fairly and act in good faith. This means, among other things, that
Supervised Persons must never: |
| |
|
|
Defraud a Client in any manner; |
| |
|
|
Mislead a Client, including by making a statement that omits material facts; |
| |
|
|
Engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon a
Client; or |
| |
|
|
Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Client or the securities markets, including price
manipulation and rumor mongering. |
| |
|
|
Each Supervised Person must comply with all applicable federal and state securities laws. |
| |
|
|
If a relationship, arrangement, or interest arises which would put a Supervised Person in a position where he or
she might be induced to act in a manner that is not in the best interest of a Jacobs Levy Client, the Supervised Person should disclose the nature of the conflict of interest to the CCO. |
| |
|
|
Supervised Persons must retain suppliers and vendors on behalf of Jacobs Levy and Clients based on quality,
reliability, price, service, and other appropriate advantages. |
| |
|
|
Supervised Persons must not bribe, provide a kickback or similar remuneration, or consideration of
any kind to any individual or organization or to any intermediaries such as agents, attorneys, or other consultants, for the purpose of influencing such individual or organization in obtaining or retaining business for, or directing business to,
Jacobs Levy. |
| |
|
|
Supervised Persons must not improperly use the Jacobs Levy name, misrepresent their roles or positions at Jacobs
Levy, or otherwise exploit the Jacobs Levy name or their relationship with Jacobs Levy for personal benefit. |
Outside Activities
Supervised Persons are not permitted to serve on any board of directors or as trustees or in any other management or advisory capacity of any not-for-profit organization in the financial industry or any private or public for-profit company, in each case without prior written
authorization from the CCO based upon a determination that such service would not be inconsistent with applicable law, the interests of any Client, or their responsibilities at Jacobs Levy. Supervised Persons are not required to obtain prior
approval to serve in any capacity for a charitable or other not-for-profit organization unless (a) approval is specifically required under this policy or another
firm policy or (b) such capacity involves advising on or making investment decisions with respect to securities that are subject to the firms Policy and Procedures Regarding Personal Investments set out in the next section of this Code.
See also the Jacobs Levy Employment Handbook, Section 207. Best Efforts and Conflicting Business Activities Policy.
Adopted: March 2006
Revised: December 2011; January 2016
STATEMENT OF POLICY AND PROCEDURES
REGARDING PERSONAL INVESTMENTS
| |
(a) |
This Statement of Policy and Procedures Regarding Personal Investments (the Personal
Investments Policy) is an important part of our Code and is intended to comply with Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Company Act), and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). These Rules require Jacobs Levy to adopt a code of ethics containing provisions reasonably necessary to
prevent staff from engaging in certain conduct. Among other things, the Rules impose certain reporting and pre-clearance requirements regarding personal securities transactions by Supervised Persons. Jacobs
Levy understands that each registered investment company that it sub-advises has adopted a code of ethics with respect to certain specified individuals of the investment companies. This Code and Statement is
also intended to comply with the provisions of Rule 204-2 under the Advisers Act, which requires Jacobs Levy to maintain records of securities transactions in which certain of its personnel have any Beneficial
Ownership. |
| |
(b) |
This Personal Investments Policy is intended to ensure that the personal securities transactions of our
Supervised Persons are conducted in accordance with the following principles: |
| |
(i) |
A duty at all times to place first the interests of Clients; |
| |
(ii) |
The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted consistent with this Personal
Investments Policy and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individuals responsibility and position of trust; and |
| |
(iii) |
The fundamental standard that Jacobs Levy personnel not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.
|
| |
(c) |
In addition to the specific prohibitions on certain personal securities transactions as set forth below, all
Supervised Persons are prohibited, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such persons of a security held or to be acquired by a Client, from: |
| |
(i) |
Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Client; |
| |
(ii) |
Engaging in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon
any Client; |
| |
(iii) |
Engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any Client; or |
| |
(iv) |
Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of his or her duties on behalf of a Client) any
information regarding securities transactions by any Client or the consideration by any Client or Jacobs Levy of any such securities transactions. |
The following definitions apply to this Personal Investments Policy in addition to the definitions contained elsewhere in this Code.
| |
(a) |
Beneficial Ownership is interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-
1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and includes ownership by any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary
interest in a security. Note, a Supervised Person may beneficially own securities that are in the name of another person by virtue of his or her relationship with such other person or through an arrangement whereby he or she has a right to obtain
title to the securities now or in the future. (See Personal Account definition in section II(e) below.) |
| |
(b) |
Covered Security means a common stock, preferred stock, bond, or other security as defined
in Section 2(a)(36) of the Company Act, and any derivative thereof, commodities, options or forward contracts. |
The
term Covered Securities does not include the following: (i) shares of open-end investment companies registered under the Company Act (i.e., mutual funds) that are not exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or
Reportable Funds (as defined in section II(g) below); (ii) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (iii) bankers acceptances; (iv) bank certificates of deposit; (v) commercial paper; (vi) high quality
short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; and (vii) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end investment companies, none of which
are Reportable Funds.
| |
(c) |
House Accounts refer to any internal partnerships, limited liability companies, series of
limited liability companies, or separate accounts managed by Jacobs Levy, which are traded and allocated in accordance with the same policies and procedures that apply to Client accounts. |
| |
(d) |
Approved Managed Account refers to a Personal Account (as defined in section II(e) below)
with respect to which the Supervised Person (or account owner, if not the Supervised Person) has granted full investment discretion to a broker-dealer, investment manager or adviser, trust company or trustee, or bank and the Supervised Person (and
the owner of the account, if not the Supervised Person) has no influence or control over the investment decisions being made for the account, including no ability to influence future specific transactions for the account. |
| |
(e) |
Personal Account, except as set forth below, refers to any brokerage or investment account
in which a Supervised Person has any Beneficial Ownership. |
Common examples of Personal Accounts include brokerage or
investment accounts maintained by or for:
| |
(i) |
The Supervised Person; |
| |
(ii) |
The Supervised Persons spouse (other than a legally separated or divorced spouse) or minor children;
|
| |
(iii) |
Any immediate family member of the Supervised Person who lives in his or her household. For purposes of this
provision, the account of an adult child (above the age of 18) of a Supervised Person who lives in the Supervised Persons household temporarily from time to time and for whom the Supervised Person does not provide primary financial support and
whose financial affairs the Supervised Person does not control shall not be deemed a Personal Account of the Supervised Person, provided that the Supervised Person has no other financial or pecuniary interest in the account; and
|
| |
(iv) |
Any person to whom the Supervised Person provides primary financial support, and (i) whose financial
affairs the Supervised Person controls or (ii) for whom the Supervised Person provides discretionary investment advisory services. |
Personal Accounts also include:
| |
(i) |
An investment vehicle (such as a private investment fund) in which the Supervised Person or a person enumerated
above has a pecuniary interest; |
| |
(ii) |
An investment account of an entity over which the Supervised Person or a person enumerated above exercises
direct or indirect control or influence (such as a trust or estate of which the Supervised Person or a person enumerated above serves as Trustee); and |
| |
(iii) |
A trust, estate, or other account in which the Supervised Person has a present or future interest in the income
or principal. |
For purposes of this Personal Investments Policy, Personal Account does not include the House
Accounts.
| |
(f) |
Purchase or Sale of a Covered Security includes, among other things, buying, selling, or
writing an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security, selling a Covered Security short or covering a short position in a Covered Security, and trading of any other derivative of a Covered Security. |
| |
(g) |
Reportable Funds means any open-end investment
company registered under the Company Act (i.e., mutual fund) for which Jacobs Levy serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser or whose investment adviser, sub-adviser,
or principal underwriter controls Jacobs Levy, is controlled by Jacobs Levy, or is under common control with Jacobs Levy. |
| III. |
Purchases and Sales of Covered Securities |
It is the responsibility of each Supervised Person to ensure that a particular securities transaction being considered for a Personal Account is not subject to
a restriction contained in this Personal Investments Policy or otherwise prohibited by any applicable laws.
The Purchase or Sale of a Covered Security for
Personal Accounts may be effected only in accordance with the following provisions.
| |
(a) |
Pre-Clearance is Required. Supervised Persons are required to
obtain the prior written approval of the CCO or designee in connection with the Purchase or Sale of a Covered Security, directly or indirectly, in which the Supervised Person has, or after such transaction would have, any Beneficial Ownership (i.e.,
a transaction for a Personal Account). |
For the avoidance of doubt, initial public offerings (IPOs), privately-placed
securities (such as an investment in a private company or private investment fund), and exchange- traded funds (ETFs) are required to be pre-cleared under this paragraph.
| |
(b) |
Process for Pre-Clearance Request. A request for pre-clearance must be made in writing in advance of the contemplated transaction. Supervised Persons are required to use the current Pre-Clearance Form, in substantially the
form shown in Attachment A. Any approval given under this paragraph will remain in effect until the close of trading on the principal market on which the applicable Covered Security is traded on the date of approval (i.e., the trade must be executed
on the same trading day approval is granted). |
In making a determination as to whether to approve a transaction, the CCO or designee (having no
personal interest in the subject transaction) may approve the transaction if the CCO or designee concludes that the transaction is not likely to have any adverse economic impact on a Client or on its ability to purchase or sell Covered Securities of
the same class or other Covered Securities of the issuer involved. When considering a pre- clearance request for an IPO or private placement, the CCO or designee will also consider whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Client
and whether the opportunity is being offered to the individual by virtue of his or her position with Jacobs Levy.
| |
(c) |
Restriction on the Use of Jacobs Levy Broker. Supervised Persons are generally prohibited from executing
or causing the execution of an investment transaction in a Personal Account with the same individual employee at a broker-dealer firm with whom Jacobs Levy executes trades for Client accounts. |
| |
(d) |
Insider Trading. As a reminder, Supervised Persons are prohibited from engaging in any activity that is
prohibited under the Jacobs Levy Insider Trading Policy. Under the Insider Trading Policy, Supervised Persons are, among other things, prohibited from trading in an issuer for themselves or others while in possession of material, non-public information related to that issuer or encouraging others to do so or trading in a security or instrument in advance of, or based upon knowledge of, a proprietary or Client trade order, or planned order.
|
| IV. |
Exempted Transactions |
The requirements of Section III of this Personal Investments Policy do not apply to the:
| |
(a) |
Purchase or Sale of Covered Securities with respect to which a Supervised Person has (or by reason of such
transaction would have) no Beneficial Ownership; |
| |
(b) |
Purchase or Sale of Covered Securities that are non-volitional on the
part of either a Supervised Person (including a corporate action, such as a spin-off, that accrues to all holders of the applicable security) or are pursuant to an Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) or
automatic dividend reinvestment plan; |
| |
(c) |
Purchase effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of the
issuers securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired; or |
| |
(d) |
Purchase or Sale of Covered Securities effected for an Approved Managed Account. |
The CCO has the authority to exempt any Supervised Person or transaction from any or all of the provisions of this Personal Investments Policy if the CCO
determines that such exemption would not be harmful to Clients and would be consistent with applicable law and regulations; provided that only another Compliance Officer may exempt the CCO under this paragraph. The CCO (or other Compliance Officer,
if applicable) will keep a record of any exemption granted under this paragraph, describing the circumstances and reasons for the exemption.
| V. |
Reporting Requirements |
Each Supervised Person must report to the CCO information (described below) with respect to holdings and transactions in Covered Securities in which the
Supervised Person has, or by reason of a transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership (i.e., holdings and transactions in a Personal Account). The reporting requirements described in this section do not apply to Approved Managed
Accounts or any account that has been granted a specific exception by the CCO. Supervised Persons are required to use the standard Jacobs Levy forms to report the information required under this section, unless an exception is granted.
| |
(a) |
Initial Holding Reports. No later than ten (10) days after a Supervised Person becomes
subject to this Personal Investments Policy, he or she must report the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than thirty (30) days before the report is submitted): |
| |
(i) |
the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded) in
which the Supervised Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership (i.e., holdings in all Personal Accounts); |
| |
(ii) |
the name of any broker, dealer, bank, or financial institution with whom the Supervised Person maintains an
account in which any securities were held for the Supervised Persons direct or indirect benefit; and |
| |
(iii) |
the date that the report is submitted. |
| |
(b) |
Quarterly Transaction Reports. No later than ten (10) business days after the end of a
calendar quarter (or other date specified by the CCO), each Supervised Person must report the following information: |
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(i) |
with respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded) in
which the Supervised Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquired, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership (i.e., transactions in Personal Accounts): |
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(1) |
the date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of
shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved; |
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(2) |
the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
|
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(3) |
the price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; |
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(4) |
the name of the broker, dealer, bank, or financial institution with or through which the transaction was
effected; and |
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(5) |
the date that the report is submitted. |
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(ii) |
with respect to any account established by the Supervised Person in which any securities (whether or not
publicly traded) were held during the quarter for the Supervised Persons direct or indirect benefit (i.e., any new Personal Account): |
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(1) |
the name of the broker, dealer, bank, or financial institution with whom the account was established;
|
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(2) |
the date the account was established; and |
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(3) |
the date that the report is submitted. |
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(c) |
Annual Holdings Reports. Annually, by February 1 of each year, all Supervised Persons must
report the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the report is submitted): |
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(i) |
the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded) in
which the Supervised Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership (i.e., securities holdings in Personal Accounts); |
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(ii) |
the name of any broker, dealer, bank, or financial institution with whom the Supervised Person maintains an
account in which any securities are held for his or her direct or indirect benefit; and |
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(iii) |
the date that the report is submitted. |
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(d) |
Alternative Reporting. Supervised Persons may submit, or the CCO may require the submission of,
duplicate broker trade confirmations and account statements to satisfy the quarterly reporting requirements of section V(b) above so long as (i) the confirmation or statement includes the information set forth in section V(b) and (ii) the
CCO receives the confirmation or statement no later than ten (10) business days (or such other date designated by the CCO) after the end of the applicable calendar quarter. |
Supervised Persons are responsible for separately reporting transactions that are not held in a traditional account and do not appear on
brokerage statements. Such transactions are most commonly transactions in private placements that are not executed through or held in an account with a broker-dealer (such as an interest in a private company or a private investment fund).
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(e) |
Report Qualification. Any report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed
as an admission by the person making the report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Covered Securities to which the report relates. |
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(f) |
Certifications; Additional Information. The CCO may request certifications and documentation from
Supervised Persons or third parties to support the information reported by Supervised Persons in accordance with this Personal Investments Policy or for purposes of compliance testing. This may include the requirement for a Supervised Persons to
submit a holdings or transaction report related to his or her Approved Managed Account(s). |
| VI. |
Chief Compliance Officer |
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(a) |
Duties of CCO. The CCO will: |
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(i) |
review all securities transactions and holdings and transactions reports and maintain the names of persons
responsible for reviewing these reports; |
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(ii) |
identify all persons subject to this Personal Investments Policy who are required to make these reports and
promptly inform each person of the requirements of this Policy; |
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(iii) |
maintain a signed acknowledgement by each person who is then subject to this Personal Investments Policy; and
|
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(iv) |
inform Supervised Persons of their requirements to obtain prior written approval from the CCO as provided in
this Personal Investments Policy. |
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(b) |
Required Records. The CCO will maintain and cause to be maintained: |
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(i) |
a copy of any code of ethics adopted by Jacobs Levy which has been in effect during the previous five
(5) years in an easily accessible place; |
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(ii) |
a record of any violation of any code of ethics and of any actions taken as a result of such violation, in an
easily accessible place for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs; |
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(iii) |
a copy of each report and certifications made by any Supervised Person as required by this Personal Investments
Policy for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made, the first two (2) years in an easily accessible place; |
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(iv) |
a list of all persons who are, or within the past five (5) years have been, required to make reports, or
who were responsible for reviewing these reports pursuant to any code of ethics adopted by Jacobs Levy in an easily accessible place; |
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(v) |
a record of any requests for pre-clearance and the approvals for at
least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted. |
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(c) |
Submissions to a Reportable Funds Board. The CCO will annually prepare a written report to
each Reportable Fund that: |
| |
(i) |
describes any issues under this Personal Investments Policy or its procedures since the last report to the
Reportable Fund, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Policy or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and |
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(ii) |
certifies that Jacobs Levy has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent its Supervised Persons from
violating this Personal Investments Policy. |
Adopted: March 2006
Revised: December 2011; January 2016
GIFTS AND BUSINESS ENTERTAINMENT POLICY
| I. |
Gifts and Business Entertainment Policy. |
In order to address conflicts of interest that may arise when a staff member accepts or gives a gift, favor, special accommodation, or other items of value,
Jacobs Levy places restrictions on gifts and business entertainment. As a general matter, gifts and business entertainment must be reasonable in cost and frequency, appropriate as to time and place, not influence the recipient, and not be intended
as a bribe, kickback, or payoff. Below are specific restrictions and procedures that staff are required to follow when giving or receiving gifts and business entertainment in the course of their duties at the firm.
The policies and procedures described below do not apply to anything given or received to or from a person with whom the staff member has a bona fide personal
or social relationship and is provided in connection with that relationship. Note, a staff member is obligated to disclose to the CCO or a Principal if he or she has a bona fide personal or social relationship with a vendor/service provider or a
representative of a vendor/service provider if the staff member is responsible for the relationship with the vendor/service provider.
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(a) |
Business Entertainment refers to business gratuities or entertainment, such as meals,
refreshments, sporting events, concerts, etc., at which the person providing the gratuity or entertainment is present. Note that if the person providing the gratuity or entertainment is not present, then it is considered a Gift (and the Gift
procedures apply) rather than Business Entertainment. |
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(b) |
Gifts include, but are not limited to, candy, wine, fruit baskets, flowers,
event tickets, services, and other items of value. |
| |
(c) |
G&E refers generally to Gifts and Business Entertainment covered under
this Policy. |
| III. |
Procedures for Receiving or Giving Gifts |
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(a) |
Receiving a Gift of $100 or More Requires Prior Approval. Supervised Persons are not permitted to accept
from any person or entity that does business with or is seeking to do business with or on behalf of Jacobs Levy any Gift that alone, or when aggregated with all other G&E received by the Supervised Person from the same person or entity in the
same calendar year, has an estimated value of $100 or more, without the written approval of the CCO. |
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(b) |
Giving a Gift (Other Than to a Governmental Official) of $100 or More Requires Prior Approval.
Supervised Persons are not permitted to give or offer any Gift of $100 or more, individually or in the aggregate in any calendar year, to an existing or prospective Client or any entity that does business with or is seeking to do business with or on
behalf of Jacobs Levy, without the prior written approval of the CCO. |
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(c) |
Giving a Gift to a Governmental Official Requires Prior Approval. Supervised Persons are
required to obtain prior written approval for any Gift to a governmental official, regardless of its value. A governmental official includes any officer, employee, representative, or person acting on behalf of a U.S.
(federal, state, or local) or non-U.S. government, government-owned or controlled entity or business, public international organization, political party, political party official, or candidate for political
office. |
Note, personal political contribution and fundraising activities are governed by the Jacobs Levy Political
Contribution and Activities Policy contained in this Code.
| |
(d) |
All Gifts Must be Reported. Supervised Persons are required to report all Gifts, regardless of the
value, to the CCO. Gifts for which pre-approval is required are considered to have been reported upon the submission of the approval request. |
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(e) |
Denials. If a request to accept a Gift is denied, the Supervised Person may be required to return the
Gift received, donate the Gift to charity, or repay the expense for a Gift that cannot be returned or donated. |
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(f) |
Requirement to Share Certain Gifts. Gifts of food, such as fruit baskets or holiday chocolates, received
by a Supervised Person should be reported to the CCO and then given to the Receptionist to be placed in the kitchen for all staff to share and will generally not be considered a Gift provided to the particular person who received it.
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(g) |
Solicited Gifts are Prohibited. Supervised Persons are not permitted to use his or her position with
Jacobs Levy to solicit Gifts from an existing or prospective Client, supplier, service provider, person to whom the Supervised Person refers business, or any other entity with which Jacobs Levy does or is seeking to do business.
|
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(h) |
Cash Gifts are Prohibited. Supervised Persons are not permitted to give or accept cash gifts or cash
equivalents to or from an existing or prospective Client, supplier, service provider, person to whom the Supervised Person refers business, or any other entity with which Jacobs Levy does or is seeking to do business. |
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(i) |
Gifts of Promotional Items are Excluded. Promotional items of nominal value, such as pens, mugs,
bags, and sweatshirts with a logo, are generally excluded from this Policy. |
| IV. |
Procedures Relating to Business Entertainment |
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(a) |
Business Entertainment Given or Received Requires Prior Approval. With the prior approval of the CCO,
Supervised Persons are permitted to provide or accept Business Entertainment of reasonable value, if the person or entity providing the entertainment is present and there is a bona fide business purpose for the event. If it is not practical to
obtain prior approval, then such event must be reported to the CCO as soon as practical after such event. |
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(b) |
Extravagant Business Entertainment is Prohibited. Supervised Persons are prohibited from providing or
accepting extravagant or excessive Business Entertainment to or from an existing or prospective Client, supplier, service provider, person to whom the Supervised Person refers business, or any other entity with which Jacobs Levy does or is seeking
to do business. |
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(c) |
Vendor Meals at JLEM Offices. Supervised Persons are generally not permitted to accept a meal provided
by a broker or other vendor in the business offices of Jacobs Levy. |
| V. |
Reporting/Recordkeeping |
In addition to the approval and reporting requirements, Supervised Persons may be asked to report previously unreported or prospective G&E on a periodic
basis.
The CCO will maintain a log of any G&E approved or otherwise reported in accordance with this Policy.
Adopted: March 2006
Revised: January 2016
POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACTIVITIES POLICY
Jacobs Levy strictly prohibits staff from making contributions to politically connected individuals or entities with the intention of influencing such
individuals or entities for business purposes. In addition, certain pay to-play laws and regulations have been adopted requiring the disclosure of political contributions to incumbents in public
office, candidates for public office, political action committees, and political parties by employees of investment management firms that manage, or seek to manage, public money. In order to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest, some
states, including New Jersey, prohibit investment managers, whose employees have made political contributions to state or local officials or candidates, from managing money for the state or its subdivisions. Federal pay-to-play laws also impose restrictions on certain political fundraising activities by employees of investment management firms. To ensure compliance with these laws, Jacobs Levy has adopted the procedures
described below.
| II. |
Pre-Approval and Restrictions |
| |
(a) |
Political Contributions Require Pre-Approval. In order to comply
with applicable pay-to- play rules, any intended contribution by a Supervised Person, his or her spouse, or any immediate family member living in the same household and to whom the Supervised Person provides
material financial support, to any of the following persons or organizations must be pre-approved by the CCO: |
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An incumbent in public office or candidate (or successful candidate) for public office of any government
entity2 (i.e., any state, local, or non-U.S. government); |
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A political action committee (PAC); or |
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A national political party or a political party of a state or political subdivision thereof.
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Note: A contribution to a candidate for federal office is not required to be
pre-cleared unless such person is an incumbent of a state or local public office. For example, a contribution to the presidential campaign of a sitting state governor must be
pre-cleared.
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(b) |
Certain Fundraising Activities Require Pre-Approval.
|
Pay-to-play laws prohibit certain
fundraising activities, including soliciting or coordinating (i.e., collecting or forwarding): (i) political contributions from any person or political action committee (within or outside of Jacobs Levy) for a state or local office or race or
(ii) payments for a political party.
If a Supervised Person or his or her spouse or immediate family member covered under this Policy
wishes to engage in fundraising activities, the Supervised Person should notify the CCO, who will be responsible for making a determination whether the activities present an issue under applicable laws, rules, and regulations.
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(c) |
Less Obvious Examples Requiring Pre-approval. The
law defines contribution broadly to include: (i) a monetary gift, (ii) a subscription or loan, (iii) an advance, (iv) a deposit of money, (v) payment to satisfy debts incurred in connection with an
election, (vi) payments for transitional expenses or inaugural expenses of a successful candidate for state or local office or an unsuccessful candidate that at the time of the payments is a state or |
2 Government entity means any U.S. State or
non-U.S. government or any political subdivision of either, including any agency, authority, or instrumentality of the U.S. State, non-U.S. government or political
subdivision, a plan, program or pool of assets sponsored or established by the U.S. State, non-U.S. government or political subdivision or any agency, authority or instrumentality thereof; and officers,
agents, or employees of the U.S. State, non-U.S. government or political subdivision or agency, authority or instrumentality thereof, acting in their official capacity. local official, and (vii) anything
of value. Activities that could constitute fundraising are equally broad and may occur at a formal event organized and classified as a fundraiser for a particular candidate or on an unplanned basis in an informal setting.
Below are examples of some less obvious activities that would require pre-approval:
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Attending a campaign event that requires or involves a cash or a non-cash
donation; or |
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Hosting, sponsoring or organizing an event for an incumbent or candidate (such as a meet and greet dinner at a
restaurant or a personal residence); or |
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Donating resources or facilities to an incumbent or candidate, such as use of a conference room, office
computers, or personal residence; or |
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Assuming a role with an organization (such as a director on a board) that regularly engages in political
fundraising and endorses state and/or local candidates for office; or |
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Volunteering for a political campaign. |
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(d) |
Exceptions for 501(c)(4) Organizations. 501(c)(4) organizations, which are operated exclusively for the
promotion of social welfare, such as civics and civics issues, are not covered under this Policy. Therefore, contributions to such organizations are not required to be pre-approved by the CCO.
|
Note: A 501(c)(4) may have an affiliated PAC. A proposed contribution to the 501(c)(4)s affiliated PAC is
not within this exception and must be pre-approved consistent with the procedures described above.
| |
(e) |
Supervised Persons are Prohibited from Circumventing this Policy or Improperly Influencing a Public
Official. Under no circumstances may a Supervised Person circumvent this Policy by indirectly making a political contribution or engaging in fundraising through his or her advisors, family members, or any other persons affiliated with the
Supervised Person. In addition to the specific prohibitions set forth above, Supervised Persons are prohibited from engaging in any activity, whether or not listed above, that is for the purpose of improperly influencing a public official or
candidate to obtain or retain Jacobs Levys engagement as an investment adviser for a public plan client. |
| III. |
Approvals/Reporting/Recordkeeping |
Supervised Persons should seek pre-approval for political contributions using the attached Political Contribution Pre-Clearance Form, Attachment B. Such contributions will typically be approved absent special circumstances, such as if (i) there is an actual or potential conflict of interest, or any appearance of
a conflict of interest, (ii) the contribution is prohibited by law or regulation, or (iii) the contribution could prevent Jacobs Levy from accepting an engagement to manage money for a potential client.
To the extent practicable, the CCO will seek to protect the confidentiality of all information regarding the proposed contribution and activities. Note that
Jacobs Levy may be required to disclose publicly certain information about political contributions, including the name of the contributor and the recipient, and the date and amount of the contribution. Supervised Persons may be asked to certify on a
periodic basis that they have complied with this Policy. The CCO will maintain a record of all pre-approval requests.
Adopted: December 2010
Revised: January 2016
ATTACHMENT A
PRECLEARANCE FORM
FOR TRANSACTIONS IN PERSONAL ACCOUNTS
This Preclearance Form must be completed prior to engaging in any personal transaction covered by the Jacobs Levy Code of Ethics.
Investment Information
Issuer (Name and
Ticker or Other Identifier):
Asset Class (please check):
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| Common Equity |
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ETF/Closed End Fund |
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Muni Bond |
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| Preferred Equity |
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Corp. Bond |
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Other |
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Equity/ETF/Closed End Fund Investments:
Number of
Shares
Debt Investments:
Face Amount
Interest
Rate Maturity
Date
Transaction Information
Transaction Type
(please check):
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| Purchase |
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Sale |
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Short Sale |
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Short Cover |
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| Estimated Trade Date: |
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Estimated Price: |
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Name of Individual |
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| Broker/Dealer firm: |
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Broker (if any): |
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| QUESTION (please complete) |
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YES |
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NO |
| Is the investment a security on the Restricted Security List? |
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| Is the investment an initial public offering? |
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| Is the investment a private placement or investment opportunity of limited availability? |
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Representation and Signature
By executing this form, I represent that the information contained herein is accurate and complete and that my trading in this investment is not based on any
material nonpublic information. I understand that preclearance will only be in effect until the closing time on the principal market on which the security is traded on the date of the Chief Compliance Officers (or designees) signature.
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| Name (please print) |
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| Signature |
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Date |
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Disposition of Preclearance Request
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| Approved: |
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Reviewing Compliance
Officer: |
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| Denied: |
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Date: |
ATTACHMENT B
POLITICAL
CONTRIBUTION
PRE-CLEARANCE
FORM
It is each staff
members responsibility to ensure that all contributions comply with applicable state, local and non-U.S. laws, rules and regulations, including contribution limits imposed by such laws, rules, and
regulations.
Name of Staff Member:
Name of Incumbent, Candidate, Political Action
Committee or Political Party:
Name of person making the contribution (if other than the staff member):
Office held by the Incumbent and/or sought by the
Candidate (if applicable):
Proposed contribution amount (dollar value):
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Date:
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Signature of Staff Member: |
************************************************************************************************************************
Compliance Officer Use Only
Approved
Not
Approved Person Approving:
Date:
Notes: