Form N-2 HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE
Table of Contents
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2018
Investment Company Act of 1940 Registration No. 811-23268
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
the Investment Company Act of 1940
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
c/o Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P.
300 Crescent Court, Suite 700
Dallas, Texas 75201
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 972-628-4100
| (Name and Address of Agent for Service) | Copy to: | |
| Mr. Dustin Norris c/o Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. 300 Crescent Court, Suite 700 Dallas, Texas 75201 |
R. Charles Miller, Esq. K&L Gates LLP 1601 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 | |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective immediately upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(d). This Registration Statement has been filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 8(b) of the Investment Company Act, as amended (the 1940 Act). Registrants securities are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), on this Registration Statement. This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, Registrants securities.
Table of Contents
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
CROSS REFERENCE SHEET
PARTS A AND B
| Item No. |
Registration Statement Caption |
Caption in Part A or Part B | ||
| 1. |
Outside Front Cover | Not Required | ||
| 2. |
Inside Front and Back Cover Page | Not Required | ||
| 3. |
Fee Table and Synopsis | Not Applicable as the Registrant is not offering any securities in connection with this prospectus. | ||
| 4. |
Financial Highlights | Not Required | ||
| 5. |
Plan of Distribution | Not Required | ||
| 6. |
Selling Shareholders | Not Required | ||
| 7. |
Use of Proceeds | Not Required | ||
| 8. |
General Description of Registrant | General Description of Registrant | ||
| 9. |
Management | Management of the Fund | ||
| 10. |
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities | Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities | ||
| 11. |
Defaults and Arrears on Senior Securities | Legal Proceedings | ||
| 12. |
Legal Proceedings | Not Applicable. | ||
| 13. |
Table of Contents of the Statement of Additional Information | Not Applicable. | ||
| 14. |
Cover Page | Cover Page | ||
| 15. |
Table of Contents | Table of Contents | ||
| 16. |
General Information and History | The Fund | ||
| 17. |
Investment Objective and Policies | Investment Objective and Policies | ||
| 18. |
Management | Management of the Fund | ||
| 19. |
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities | Principal Holders of Securities | ||
| 20. |
Investment Advisory and Other Services | Investment Adviser | ||
| 21. |
Portfolio Managers | Portfolio Managers | ||
| 22. |
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices | Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices | ||
| 23. |
Tax Status | Tax Status | ||
| 24. |
Financial Statements | Financial Statements |
Part C
The information required to be included in Part C is set forth under the appropriate Item, so numbered, in Part C of the Registration Statement.
Table of Contents
Part A
Responses to Items 1, 2, 3.2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Part A have been omitted pursuant to Paragraph 3 of Instruction G of the General Instructions to Form N-2.
| ITEM 8. | GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT. |
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on June 28, 2017 pursuant to a Declaration of Trust dated June 28, 2017. The Funds principal office is located at 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201 and its telephone number is 972-628-4100. On September 25, 2017, the Fund acquired the assets of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (the Predecessor Fund), a series of Highland Funds I (the Predecessor Trust), a Delaware statutory trust (the Redomiciling). On September 25, 2017, the Funds name changed from Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund II to Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund.
The Fund is the successor to the accounting and performance information of the Predecessor Fund. All information included herein for periods prior to September 25, 2017 is that of the Predecessor Fund.
Investment Objective and Policies
The Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing directly and indirectly (e.g., through derivatives that are the economic equivalent of floating rate loans and other floating rate investments) at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) under normal circumstances in floating rate loans and other securities deemed to be floating rate investments. Floating rate investments are debt obligations of companies or other entities, the interest rates of which float or vary periodically based upon a benchmark indicator of prevailing interest rates.
Floating rate investments may include, by way of example, floating rate debt securities, money market securities of all types, repurchase agreements with remaining maturities of no more than 60 days, collateralized loan obligations and asset backed securities. The reference in the Funds investment objective to capital preservation does not indicate that the Fund may not lose money. Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. (HCMFA or the Adviser) seeks to employ strategies that are consistent with capital preservation, but there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in doing so. In making investments for the Fund, the Funds Adviser will seek to purchase instruments that it believes are undervalued or will provide attractive floating rate income, while attempting to minimize losses.
Floating rate loans in which the Fund invests are expected to be adjustable rate senior loans (Senior Loans) to domestic or foreign corporations, partnerships and other entities that operate in a variety of industries and geographic regions (Borrowers). Senior Loans are business loans that have a right to payment senior to most other debts of the Borrower. Senior Loans generally are arranged through private negotiations between a Borrower and several financial institutions (the Lenders) represented in each case by one or more such Lenders acting as agent (the Agent) of the several Lenders. On behalf of the Lenders, the Agent is primarily responsible for negotiating the loan agreement (Loan Agreement) that establishes the relative terms and conditions of the Senior Loan and rights of the Borrower and the Lenders.
The Fund may invest in securities of any credit quality. Senior Loans are typically below investment grade securities (also known as high yield securities or junk securities). Such securities are rated below investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or are unrated but deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. The Fund may invest without limitation in below investment grade or unrated securities, including in insolvent borrowers or borrowers in default.
The Fund may invest in participations (Participations) in Senior Loans, may purchase assignments (Assignments) of portions of Senior Loans from third parties, and may act as one of a group of Lenders originating a Senior Loan (Primary Lender). Senior Loans often are secured by specific assets of the Borrower, although the Fund may invest without limitation in Senior Loans that are not secured by any collateral. When the Fund acts as a Primary Lender, the Fund or the Adviser could be subject to allegations of lender liability. Senior Loans in which the Fund invests generally pay interest at rates that are periodically redetermined by reference to a base lending rate plus a spread.
Table of Contents
In addition, the Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in equity or debt securities other than floating rate investments. The Fund may invest in equity securities of companies of any market capitalization, market sector or industry. Equity securities of U.S. or non-U.S. issuers in which the Fund may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, depositary receipts and warrants to buy common stocks. The Fund may invest in securities issued by other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
The Fund may enter into certain real estate and real-estate related investments through its wholly-owned real estate investment trust (REIT) subsidiary, NFRO REIT Sub, LLC (the REIT Subsidiary). To the extent such investments are floating rate loans or otherwise deemed to be floating rate investments (for example, floating rate preferred securities or Freddie Mac B-pieces), such investments will fall in the Funds 80% investment policy. Otherwise, such real estate investments will be limited to the 20% portion of the Funds total assets available for investments in equity or debt securities other than floating rate investments
The Fund may invest without limitation in warrants and may also use derivatives, primarily swaps (including equity, variance and volatility swaps), options and futures contracts on securities, interest rates, non-physical commodities and/or currencies, as substitutes for direct investments the Fund can make. The Fund may also use derivatives such as swaps, options (including options on futures), futures, and foreign currency transactions (e.g., foreign currency swaps, futures and forwards) to any extent deemed by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund, and to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), to hedge various investments for risk management and speculative purposes.
The Fund may also engage in short sales of securities and may seek additional income by making secured loans of its portfolio securities.
The Fund may invest without limitation in securities (including loans) of non-U.S. issuers, including emerging market issuers. Such securities (including loans) may be denominated in U.S. dollars, non-U.S. currencies or multinational currency units.
Except as otherwise expressly noted in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI), all percentage limitations and ratings criteria apply at the time of purchase of securities.
The Fund may borrow an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) and may use leverage in the form of preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed. The Fund may borrow for investment purposes, to meet redemption requests and for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes. To the extent the Fund borrows more money than it has cash or short-term cash equivalents and invests the proceeds, the Fund will create financial leverage. The use of borrowing for investment purposes increases both investment opportunity and investment risk.
The Fund is a non-diversified fund as defined in the 1940 Act, but it intends to adhere to the diversification requirements applicable to regulated investment companies (RICs) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program.
Investment Strategies
The following is a description of investment practices in which the Fund may engage and includes additional information regarding the Funds investment strategies that are summarized in the Principal Investment Strategies for the Fund. Any investment strategy that is discussed below and not included in the Principal Investment Strategies for the Fund is not considered to be principal by the Fund. Any references to investments made by the Fund include those that may be made both directly by the Fund and indirectly by the Fund (e.g., through its investments in derivatives or other pooled investment vehicles). Except to the extent as otherwise provided in this Prospectus or SAI, the Fund may invest without limit in the securities, assets, instruments and transactions in which it is permitted to invest. Please refer to the Principal Investment Strategies for the Fund for additional information regarding the investment practices in which the Fund may engage. Please see Additional Information About Risks below for the risks associated with the Funds investment practices.
Table of Contents
Assignments. The Fund may purchase Assignments from Lenders. The purchaser of an Assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the Loan Agreement of the assigning Lender and becomes a Lender under the Loan Agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning Lender.
Borrower Credit Ratings. The Fund may invest all or substantially all of its assets in Senior Loans to Borrowers having outstanding debt securities rated below investment grade by a NRSRO and unrated debt securities of comparable quality. Debt securities rated below investment grade (or unrated debt securities of comparable quality) commonly are referred to as junk securities. The Fund seeks to invest in those Senior Loans with respect to which the Borrower, in the judgment of the Adviser, demonstrates one or more of the following characteristics: sufficient cash flow to service debt; adequate liquidity; successful operating history; strong competitive position; experienced management; and, with respect to collateralized Senior Loans, collateral coverage that equals or exceeds the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Loan. The Fund may, however, invest in loans that do not exhibit all or any of these characteristics. In addition, the Adviser will consider, and may rely in part on, the analyses performed by the Agent and other Lenders, including such persons determinations with respect to collateral securing a Senior Loan.
Borrowing. The Fund may borrow an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) and may use leverage in the form of preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed). The Fund may borrow for investment purposes, to meet repurchase requests and for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes. To the extent the Fund borrows more money than it has cash or short-term cash equivalents and invests the proceeds, it will create financial leverage. It will do so only when it expects to be able to invest the proceeds at a higher rate of return than its cost of borrowing. The use of borrowing for investment purposes increases both investment opportunity and investment risk. Because the management fees (including administration fees) paid to the Adviser are calculated on the basis of the Funds average daily managed assets, which include the proceeds of leverage, the dollar amount of the fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser will be higher (and the Adviser will be benefited to that extent) when leverage is utilized. The Adviser will utilize leverage only if it believes such action would result in a net benefit to the Funds shareholders after taking into account the higher fees and expenses associated with leverage (including higher management fees). See Leverage below.
Bridge Financing. The Fund may acquire interests in Senior Loans that are designed to provide temporary or bridge financing to a Borrower pending the sale of identified assets or the arrangement of longer-term loans or the issuance and sale of debt obligations. A Borrowers use of a bridge loan involves a risk that the Borrower may be unable to locate permanent financing to replace the bridge loan, which may impair the Borrowers perceived creditworthiness.
Commitments to Make Additional Payments. A Lender may have obligations pursuant to a Loan Agreement to make additional loans in certain circumstances. Such circumstances may include obligations under revolving credit facilities and facilities that provide for further loans to Borrowers based upon compliance with specified financial requirements. The Fund currently intends to reserve against any such contingent obligation by segregating a sufficient amount of cash and/or liquid assets.
The Fund will not purchase interests in Senior Loans that would require it to make any such additional loans if the aggregate of such additional loan commitments would exceed 20% of the Funds total assets or would cause the Fund to fail to meet the diversification requirements set forth under the heading Income Tax Considerations in the SAI.
Debt Restructuring. The Fund may purchase and retain in its portfolio an interest in a Senior Loan to a Borrower that has filed for protection under the federal bankruptcy laws or has had an involuntary bankruptcy petition filed against it by its creditors. The Advisers decision to purchase or retain such an interest will depend on its assessment of the suitability of such investment for the Fund, the Borrowers ability to meet debt service on Senior Loan interests, the likely duration, if any, of a lapse in the scheduled repayment of principal, and prevailing interest rates. At times, in connection with the restructuring of a Senior Loan either outside of bankruptcy court or in the context of bankruptcy court proceedings, the Fund may determine or be required to accept equity securities or junior debt securities in exchange for all or a portion of a Senior Loan interest. Depending upon, among other things, the Advisers evaluation of the potential value of such securities in relation to the price that could be obtained by the Fund at any given time upon sale thereof, the Fund may determine to hold such securities in its portfolio.
Table of Contents
Debt Securities. The Fund may, but is not required to, invest in debt securities, including investment grade securities, below investment grade securities and other debt obligations. The Fund also may invest in debt securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, common or preferred stock. The Fund may also invest in fixed-income securities, including high-yield securities and U.S. government-issued fixed-income securities.
| | Investment Grade Securities. The Fund may invest in a wide variety of bonds that are rated or determined by the Adviser to be of investment grade quality of varying maturities issued by U.S. corporations and other business entities. Bonds are fixed or variable rate debt obligations, including bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities. Bonds generally are used by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors for a variety of business purposes. The issuer pays the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. |
| | Below Investment Grade Securities. The Fund may invest in below investment grade securities (also known as high-yield securities or junk securities). Such securities may be fixed or variable rate obligations and are rated below investment grade (Ba/BB or lower) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or are unrated but deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. High-yield debt securities are frequently issued by corporations in the growth stage of their development, but also may be issued by established companies. These bonds are regarded by the rating organizations, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. Such securities also are generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings with regard to default rates and deterioration of general economic conditions. High-yield securities held by the Fund may include securities received as a result of a corporate reorganization or issued as part of a corporate takeover. |
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in American Depository Receipts (ADRs), American Depositary Shares (ADSs) and other depositary receipts. ADRs and ADSs are securities that represent an ownership interest in a foreign security. They are generally issued by a U.S. bank to U.S. buyers as a substitute for direct ownership of a foreign security and are traded on U.S. exchanges. ADRs may be available through sponsored or unsponsored facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the underlying security. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights with respect to the deposited security. The Fund may invest in both sponsored and unsponsored ADRs.
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in various instruments that are commonly known as derivatives. Generally, a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or derived from, a traditional security, asset, or market index. Futures, forwards, swaps and options are commonly used for traditional hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Fund from exposure to changing interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates and as a low cost method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without investing directly in those securities. The Fund may enter into credit derivatives, such as credit default swaps and credit default index investments, including loan credit default swaps and loan credit default index swaps. The Fund may use these investments (i) as alternatives to direct long or short investment in a particular security, (ii) to adjust the Funds asset allocation or risk exposure, or (iii) for hedging purposes. The use by the Fund of credit default swaps may have the effect of creating a short position in a security. These investments can create investment leverage, which tends to magnify the effects of an instruments price changes as market conditions change. Special tax considerations apply to the Funds use of derivatives. See the Taxation section below.
Equity Securities. To the extent the Fund invests in equity securities, the Adviser expects the Funds investments will generally be in common stock of companies of varying sizes. The Adviser believes preferred stock and convertible securities (e.g. debt securities convertible into, or exchangeable for common or preferred stock) of selected companies offer opportunities for capital appreciation as well as periodic income and may invest a portion of the Funds assets in such securities. The Adviser will not rely on any specific rating criteria when deciding whether to invest the Funds assets in convertible securities. In addition to common stock, other securities with equity characteristics include depositary receipts and warrants.
Exchange-Traded Funds. ETFs are listed on various exchanges and seek to provide investment results that correspond generally to the performance of specified market indices by holding a basket of the securities in the relevant index. The Fund may invest in ETFs, including ETFs that are part of the Highland fund complex and advised by the Adviser or its affiliates (the Underlying Highland ETFs). The Underlying Highland ETFs include the Highland/iBoxx Senior Loan ETF and may include additional ETFs advised by the Adviser or its affiliates in the future. Fees and expenses of investments in Underlying Highland ETFs will be borne by shareholders of the investing funds, and the Adviser intends to voluntarily waive the portion of the management fee of the investing funds that is attributable to investments in Underlying Highland ETFs.
Table of Contents
Fees. The Fund may be required to pay or may receive various fees and commissions in connection with purchasing, selling and holding interests in Senior Loans. The fees normally paid by Borrowers may include three types: facility fees; commitment fees; and prepayment penalties. Facility fees are paid to the Lenders upon origination of a Senior Loan. Commitment fees are paid to Lenders on an ongoing basis based upon the undrawn portion committed by the Lenders of the underlying Senior Loan. Lenders may receive prepayment penalties when a Borrower prepays all or part of a Senior Loan. The Fund will receive these fees directly from the Borrower if the Fund is a Primary Lender, or, in the case of commitment fees and prepayment penalties, if the Fund acquires an interest in a Senior Loan by way of Assignment. Whether or not the Fund receives a facility fee from the Lender in the case of an Assignment, or any fees in the case of a Participation, depends upon negotiations between the Fund and the Lender selling such interests. When the Fund is an assignee, it may be required to pay a fee to, or forgo a portion of interest and any fees payable to it from, the Lender selling the Assignment. Occasionally, the assignor will pay a fee to the Fund based on the portion of the principal amount of the Senior Loan that is being assigned. A Lender selling a Participation to the Fund may deduct a portion of the interest and any fees payable to the Fund as an administrative fee prior to payment thereof to the Fund. The Fund may be required to pay over or pass along to a purchaser of an interest in a Senior Loan from the Fund a portion of any fees that the Fund would otherwise be entitled to.
Hedging. The Fund may engage in hedging, the practice of attempting to offset a potential loss in one position by establishing an opposite position in another investment. Hedging strategies in general are usually intended to limit or reduce investment risk, but can also be expected to limit or reduce the potential for profit. For example, if the Fund has taken a defensive posture by hedging its portfolio, and stock or debt prices advance, the return to investors will be lower than if the portfolio has not been hedged. No assurance can be given that any particular hedging strategy will be successful, or that the Adviser will elect to use a hedging strategy at a time when it is advisable. Special tax considerations apply to the Funds hedging transactions. See the Taxation section below.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities. The Fund may invest in illiquid and restricted securities. Restricted securities generally may not be resold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), except in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. A security that may be restricted as to resale under federal securities laws or otherwise will not be subject to this percentage limitation if the Adviser determines that the security is, at the time of acquisition, readily marketable. Illiquid securities are those that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities. Illiquid and restricted securities may offer higher returns and yields than comparable publicly-traded securities. However, the Fund may not be able to sell these securities when the Adviser considers it desirable to do so or, to the extent they are sold privately, may have to sell them at less than the price of otherwise comparable securities. Restricted securities may be illiquid; however, some restricted securities such as those eligible for resale under Rule 144A under the Securities Act may be treated as liquid.
Leverage. The Fund incurs leverage as a part of its investment strategy and may incur leverage up to 33.33% of the Funds total assets as permitted by the 1940 Act. There can be no assurance that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed. In addition to any indebtedness incurred by the Fund and HFRO Sub, LLC, the REIT Subsidiary may also utilize leverage, including by mortgaging properties held by special purpose vehicles, or by acquiring property with existing debt. Any such borrowings will generally be the sole obligation of each respective special purpose vehicle, without any recourse to any other special purpose vehicle, the REIT Subsidiary, the Fund or its assets, and the Fund will not treat such non-recourse borrowings as senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on leverage unless the financial statements of the special purpose vehicle, or the subsidiary of the Fund that owns such special purpose vehicle, will be consolidated in accordance with Regulation S-X and other accounting rules. If cash flow is insufficient to pay principal and interest on a special purpose vehicles borrowings, a default could occur, ultimately resulting in foreclosure of any security instrument securing the debt and a complete loss of the investment, which could result in losses to the REIT Subsidiary and, therefore, to the Fund. To the extent that any subsidiaries of the Fund, including the REIT Subsidiary, directly incur leverage in the form of debt (as opposed to non-recourse borrowings made through special purpose vehicles), the amount of such recourse leverage used by the Fund and such subsidiaries, including the REIT Subsidiary, will be consolidated and treated as senior securities for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on leverage by the Fund. See Investment Strategies REIT Investments.
Table of Contents
On February 2, 2018, HFRO Sub, LLC a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund entered into Financing Arrangement with BAML. Pursuant to the terms of the Financing Arrangement, and subject to certain customary conditions, HFRO Sub, LLC may borrow on a revolving basis a maximum of $500 million. In connection with the Financing Arrangement, HFRO Sub, LLC and the Fund have made representations and warranties regarding the loans and underlying collateral and are required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements. The Facility also limits the recourse of the lender to the assets of HFRO Sub, LLC and includes usual and customary events of default for senior secured revolving facilities of this nature. To a limited extent, the Fund may increase the number and extent of long positions by borrowing (e.g., by purchasing securities on margin). Entering into short sales also increases the Funds use of leverage. The use of leverage increases both investment opportunity and risk.
In the event the Fund completes an offering (for example, a rights or warrant offering), the Fund may increase the amount of leverage outstanding. The Fund may engage in additional borrowings, issue notes, or issue preferred shares in order to maintain the Funds desired leverage ratio. Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as well as a potential for more gain, for the common shares than if leverage were not used. Interest on borrowings (or dividends on preferred shares) may be at a fixed or floating rate and generally will be based on short-term rates. The costs associated with the Funds use of leverage, including the issuance of such leverage and the payment of dividends or interest on such leverage, will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. As long as the rate of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the Funds portfolio investments purchased with leverage exceeds the costs associated with such leverage, the Fund will generate more return or income than will be needed to pay such costs. In this event, the excess will be available to pay higher dividends to holders of common shares. Conversely, if the Funds return on such assets is less than the cost of leverage and other Fund expenses, the return to the holders of the common shares will diminish. To the extent that the Fund uses leverage, the net asset value and market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of common shares will be more volatile. The Funds leveraging strategy may not be successful. See Principal Risks Leverage Risk below.
Micro, Small and Mid-Cap Investments. The Fund may invest in companies of any market capitalization, including those with micro, small or medium capitalizations.
Net Asset Value Fluctuation. When prevailing interest rates decline, the value of a portfolio invested in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when prevailing interest rates rise, the value of a portfolio invested in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. Although the Funds NAV will vary, its policy of acquiring interests in floating or variable rate investments is expected to minimize fluctuations in NAV as a result of changes in interest rates. Accordingly, it may be expected that the value of the Funds investment portfolio will fluctuate significantly less than a portfolio of fixed rate, longer term obligations as a result of interest rate changes. However, changes in prevailing interest rates can be expected to cause some fluctuation in the Funds NAV. In addition to changes in interest rates, various factors, including defaults by or changes in the credit quality of Borrowers, will also affect the NAV of the Fund. A default or serious deterioration in the credit quality of a Borrower could cause a prolonged or permanent decrease in the Funds NAV.
Non-U.S. Securities and Emerging Markets. The Fund may invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers (non-U.S. securities), including investments in the securities of so-called emerging market issuers. Such investment may include securities denominated in U.S. dollars, non-U.S. currencies or multinational currency units. Typically, non-U.S. securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities organized, domiciled or with a principal executive office outside the U.S., such as foreign corporations and governments. Non-U.S. securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. The Fund may make non-U.S. investments either directly by purchasing non-U.S. securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments for non-U.S. securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets (OTC) in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. Investing in non-U.S. securities involves certain special risk considerations, including currency risk, that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments. These risks may be greater for securities of companies located in emerging market countries.
Table of Contents
Options. The Fund may utilize options on securities, indices and currencies. An option on a security is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option at a specified exercise or strike price. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. If an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes on the expiration date a gain equal to the premium received by the Fund at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an exchange-traded option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, underlying security, exercise price and expiration). There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund desires. The Fund realizes an economic loss from a closing sale transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium it initially paid to purchase the option (plus transaction costs). The Fund realizes an economic loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing purchase transaction (premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the premium initially received from writing the option.
Participations. The Fund may invest in Participations. The selling Lenders and other persons interpositioned between such Lenders and the Fund with respect to Participations will likely conduct their principal business activities in the financial services industry. The Fund may be more susceptible than an investment company that does not invest in Participations in Senior Loans to any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting this industry. Persons engaged in this industry may be more susceptible than are persons engaged in some other industries to, among other things, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in the Federal Open Market Committees monetary policy, governmental regulations concerning such industries and concerning capital raising activities generally and fluctuations in the financial markets generally.
Participation by the Fund in a Lenders portion of a Senior Loan typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with such Lender, not with the Borrower. As a result, the Fund may have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the Lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the Lender of payments from the Borrower. In connection with purchasing Participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the Loan Agreement, nor any rights with respect to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off against the Borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the Senior Loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result, the Fund may assume the credit risk of both the Borrower and the Lender selling the Participation. In the event of the insolvency of the Lender selling a Participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the Lender, and may not benefit from any set-off between the Lender and the Borrower. The Fund will only acquire Participations from counterparties that are judged by the Adviser to present acceptable credit risk to the Fund.
Portfolio Maturity. The Fund is not subject to any restrictions with respect to the maturity of Senior Loans held in its portfolio, and Senior Loans usually will have rates of interest that are redetermined periodically. Investment in Senior Loans with longer interest rate redetermination periods may increase fluctuations in the Funds NAV as a result of changes in interest rates. The Senior Loans in the Funds investment portfolio will typically have a dollar-weighted average days to reset until the next interest rate redetermination of 90 days or less. As a result, as short-term interest rates increase, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in Senior Loans should increase, and as short-term interest rates decrease, interest payable to the Fund from its investments in Senior Loans should decrease. The amount of time required to pass before the Fund will realize the effects of changing short-term market interest rates on its portfolio will vary with the dollar-weighted average time until the next interest rate redetermination on the Senior Loans in the investment portfolio. The Fund may utilize the investment practices described in this Prospectus to, among other things, shorten the effective interest rate redetermination period of Senior Loans in its portfolio. In such event, the Fund will consider such shortened period to be the interest rate redetermination period of the Senior Loan; provided, however, that the Fund will typically not invest in Senior Loans that permit the Borrower to select an interest rate redetermination period in excess of one year. Because most Senior Loans in the investment portfolio will be subject to mandatory and/or optional prepayment and there may be significant economic incentives for a Borrower to prepay its loans, prepayments of Senior Loans in the Funds investment portfolio may occur. Accordingly, the actual remaining maturity of the Funds investment portfolio invested in Senior Loans may vary substantially from the average stated maturity of the Senior Loans held in the Funds investment portfolio.
Table of Contents
Prepayments. Pursuant to the relevant Loan Agreement, a Borrower may be required, and may have the option at any time, to prepay the principal amount of a Senior Loan, often without incurring a prepayment penalty. In the event that like-yielding loans are not available in the marketplace, the prepayment of and subsequent reinvestment by the Fund in Senior Loans could have a materially adverse effect on the yield of the Funds investment portfolio. Prepayments may have a beneficial impact on income due to receipt of prepayment penalties, if any, and any facility fees earned in connection with reinvestment.
Primary Lender Transactions. When the Fund is a Primary Lender, it will have a direct contractual relationship with the Borrower, may enforce compliance by the Borrower with the terms of the Loan Agreement and may under contractual arrangements among the Lenders have rights with respect to any funds acquired by other Lenders through set-off. A Lender also has full voting and consent rights under the applicable Loan Agreement. Actions subject to Lender vote or consent generally require the vote or consent of the holders of a majority or some greater specified percentage of the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Loan. Certain decisions, such as reducing the amount or increasing the time for payment of interest on or repayment of principal of a Senior Loan, or releasing collateral therefor, frequently require the unanimous vote or consent of all Lenders affected. When the Fund is a Primary Lender originating a Senior Loan, it may share in a fee paid by the Borrower to the Primary Lenders.
A number of judicial decisions in the United States and elsewhere have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed lender liability). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Funds investments, the Fund or the Adviser could be subject to allegations of lender liability.
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lending institution (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the under capitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate. the claim of the offending lending institution to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy termed equitable subordination. As an owner of bank debt in reorganizing companies, the Fund could be subject to claims from creditors of a company that the Funds claim should be equitably subordinated, including as a result of actions or omissions by the Funds predecessors in interest.
REIT Investments. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Fund. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.
To the extent that the REIT Subsidiary directly incurs leverage in the form of debt (as opposed to non-recourse borrowings made through special purpose vehicles), the amount of such recourse leverage used by us will be consolidated and treated as senior securities for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on leverage. Accordingly, it is the Funds present intention to utilize leverage through debt or borrowings in an amount not to exceed 50% of the Funds total assets (i.e., maintain 200% asset coverage), less the amount of any direct debt or borrowing by the REIT Subsidiary, if any. Because the REIT Subsidiarys preferred shares represent a small amount of leverage by the REIT Subsidiary, such leverage will also be consolidated for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on the Funds ability to issue preferred shares.
Table of Contents
On April 1, 2018, the Fund formed the REIT Subsidiary, of which the Fund is the sole common shareholder. Through the REIT Subsidiary, the Fund intends to make qualifying real estate investments in the form of floating and fixed rate investments in real estate properties. The REIT Subsidiary is organized as a Delaware limited liability Fund that is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act (i.e., the Fund owns 95% or more of the REIT Subsidiarys outstanding voting securities). The Fund will hold all of the common voting shares of the REIT Subsidiary. The REIT Subsidiary is advised by NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (NexPoint), an affiliate of the Adviser, as a result of the significant real estate experience of the NexPoint team. The Adviser will not receive a fee for managing the REIT Subsidiary, though the Fund will indirectly incur the REIT Subsidiarys operating expenses. The REIT Subsidiary is generally subject to the same investment policies and restrictions of the Fund. See REIT-Specific Risk below.
The Fund intends to limit its investments through the REIT Subsidiary to the extent necessary for the Fund to qualify as a RIC for tax purposes. In general, and subject to certain exceptions not applicable here, a RIC is not permitted to invest, including through corporations in which the RIC owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, more than 25% of its total assets in any one issuer, or in any two or more issuers which the RIC controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses. Based on current market conditions, once fully invested, we anticipate gaining exposure to such real estate-related investments by investing up to 20% of the value of the Funds total assets in the REIT Subsidiary. The REIT Subsidiary is expected to elect to be taxed as a REIT. Investing through the REIT Subsidiary involves risks, including the risk that the REIT Subsidiary will fail to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such failure would have severe adverse tax consequences on the REIT Subsidiary and would likely significantly and adversely affect the performance of the Fund. See REIT Tax Risk for REIT Subsidiaries below.
Securities Lending. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of its total assets, thereby realizing additional income. As a matter of policy, securities loans are made to borrowers pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by collateral in cash (U.S. and foreign currency), securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, sovereign debt, convertible bonds, irrevocable bank letters of credit or such other collateral as may be agreed on by the parties to a securities lending arrangement, initially with a value of 102% or 105% of the market value of the loaned securities and thereafter maintained at a value of 100% of the market value of the loaned securities. Collateral must be valued daily by the Custodian and the borrower will be required to provide additional collateral should the market value of the loaned securities increase.
Senior Loans. The Fund may invest in Senior Loans. Senior Loans generally are arranged through private negotiations between a Borrower and Lenders represented in each case by one or more Agents of the several Lenders. On behalf of the several Lenders, the Agent, which is frequently a commercial bank or other entity that originates the Senior Loan and the person that invites other parties to join the lending syndicate, will be primarily responsible for negotiating the Loan Agreement that establishes the relative terms, conditions and rights of the Borrower and the several Lenders. In larger transactions it is common to have several Agents; however, generally only one such Agent has primary responsibility for documentation and administration of a Senior Loan.
In a typical Senior Loan, the Agent administers the terms of the Loan Agreement and is responsible for the collection of principal and interest and fee payments from the Borrower and the apportionment of those payments to the credit of all Lenders that are parties to the Loan Agreement. The Fund generally will rely on the Agent to collect its portion of the payments on a Senior Loan. Furthermore, the Fund will rely on the Agent to use appropriate creditor remedies against the Borrower. Typically, under a Loan Agreement, the Agent is given broad discretion in monitoring the Borrowers performance under the Loan Agreement and is obligated to use only the same care it would use in the management of its own property. Upon an event of default, the Agent typically will act to enforce the Loan Agreement after instruction from Lenders holding a majority of the Senior Loan. The Borrower compensates the Agent for the Agents services. This compensation may include special fees paid on structuring and funding the Senior Loan and other fees paid on a continuing basis. The practice of an Agent relying exclusively or primarily on reports from the Borrower may involve a risk of fraud by the Borrower.
Table of Contents
Loan Agreements typically provide for the termination of the Agents agency status in the event that it fails to act as required under the relevant Loan Agreement, becomes insolvent, enters receivership of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), or, if not FDIC insured, enters into bankruptcy. Should an Agent, Lender or any other institution interpositioned between the Fund and the Borrower become insolvent or enter FDIC receivership or bankruptcy, any interest in the Senior Loan of any such interpositioned institution and any loan payment held by any such interpositioned institution for the benefit of the Fund should not be included in the estate of such interpositioned institution. If, however, any such amount were included in such interpositioned institutions estate, the Fund would incur costs and delays in realizing payment or could suffer a loss of principal or interest. In such event, the Fund could experience a decrease in NAV.
It is anticipated that the proceeds of the Senior Loans in which the Fund will acquire interests primarily will be used to finance leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, and, to a lesser extent, to finance internal growth and for other corporate purposes of Borrowers. Senior Loans have the most senior position in a Borrowers capital structure, although some Senior Loans may hold an equal ranking with other senior securities and certain other obligations of the Borrower. The capital structure of a Borrower may include Senior Loans, senior and junior subordinated debt securities (which may include junk securities) and preferred and common stock issued by the Borrower, typically in descending order of seniority with respect to claims on the Borrowers assets. Senior and junior subordinated debt is collectively referred to in this Prospectus as junior debt securities.
Senior Loans generally are secured by specific collateral. The Fund may invest without limitation in Senior Loans that are not secured by any collateral and, to the extent that the Fund invests a portion of its assets in Senior Loans that are not secured by specific collateral, the Fund will not enjoy the benefits associated with collateralization with respect to such Senior Loans, and such Senior Loans may pose a greater risk of nonpayment of interest or loss of principal than do collateralized Senior Loans. As discussed below, the Fund may also acquire warrants, equity securities and junior debt securities issued by the Borrower or its affiliates as part of a package of investments in the Borrower or its affiliates. The Fund may acquire interests in warrants, other equity securities or junior debt securities through a negotiated restructuring of a Senior Loan or in a bankruptcy proceeding of the Borrower.
In order to borrow money pursuant to a collateralized Senior Loan, a Borrower will typically, for the term of the Senior Loan, pledge assets as collateral. In addition, in the case of some Senior Loans, there may be additional collateral pledged in the form of guarantees by and/or securities of affiliates of the Borrowers. In some instances, a collateralized Senior Loan may be secured only by stock in the Borrower or its subsidiaries. Collateral may consist of assets that are not readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets would fully satisfy a Borrowers obligations under a Senior Loan. Similarly, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings involving the Borrower, the Lenders may be delayed or prevented from liquidating collateral or may choose not to do so as part of their participation in a plan of reorganization of the Borrower. Senior Loans higher standing in an issuers capital structure has historically resulted in generally higher recoveries than other below investment grade securities in the event of a corporate reorganization or other restructuring, but there can be no assurance that this will be the case with respect to any particular Senior Loan.
Loan Agreements may also include various restrictive covenants designed to limit the activities of the Borrower in an effort to protect the right of the Lenders to receive timely payments of interest on and repayment of principal of the Senior Loans. Breach of such a covenant, if not waived by the Lenders, is generally an event of default under the applicable Loan Agreement and may give the Lenders the right to accelerate principal and interest payments. The Adviser will consider the terms of restrictive covenants in deciding whether to invest in Senior Loans for the Funds investment portfolio. When the Fund holds a Participation in a Senior Loan, it may not have the right to vote to waive enforcement of a restrictive covenant breached by a Borrower. Lenders voting in connection with a potential waiver of a restrictive covenant may have interests different from those of the Fund, and such Lenders will not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with their votes.
Senior Loans in which the Fund will invest generally pay interest at rates that are periodically redetermined by reference to a base lending rate plus a premium. These base lending rates generally are the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate offered by one or more major United States banks (Prime Rate) or the certificate of deposit (CD) rate or other base lending rates used by commercial Lenders. LIBOR generally is an average of the interest rates quoted by several designated banks as the rates at which such banks would offer to pay interest to major financial institution depositors in the London interbank market on U.S. dollar denominated deposits for a specified period of time. The CD rate generally is the average rate paid on large certificates of deposit traded in the secondary market. Senior Loans traditionally have been structured so that Borrowers pay higher premiums when they elect LIBOR, in order to permit Lenders to obtain generally consistent yields on Senior Loans, regardless of whether Borrowers select the LIBOR option or the Prime Rate option. Because their interest rates are adjusted for changes in short-term interest rates, Senior Loans generally have less interest rate risk than other high yield investments, which typically pay fixed rates of interest.
Table of Contents
The Fund may invest in Participations in Senior Loans, may purchase Assignments of portions of Senior Loans from third parties and may act as one of the group of Primary Lenders.
Senior Loan Ratings. The Fund may invest all or substantially all of its assets in Senior Loans that are rated below investment grade, including Senior Loans rated CCC or below by S&P or Caa or below by Moodys, and unrated Senior Loans of comparable quality.
Short Sales. The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through short sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short from a broker-dealer and deliver it to the buyer upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee to borrow a security and is often obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividend or interest that accrues on the security during the period of the loan. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss.
The Fund may sell a security short if it owns at least an equal amount of the security sold short or another security convertible or exchangeable for an equal amount of the security sold short without payment of further compensation (a short sale against-the-box). The Fund also may engage in short sales that are not against-the-box, and will be subject to additional risks to the extent that it engages in short sales that are not against-the-box. The Funds loss on a short sale could be unlimited in cases where the Fund is unable, for whatever reason, to close out its short position.
Undervalued Stocks. A stock is considered undervalued if the Adviser believes it should be trading at a higher price than it is at the time of purchase. Factors considered may include, but are not limited to: price relative to earnings, price relative to cash flow and price relative to financial strength.
Portfolio Turnover. The Funds rate of portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor for the Adviser in making decisions on when to buy or sell securities. The Fund reserves full freedom with respect to portfolio turnover. The frequency of the Funds trading will vary from year to year, depending on market conditions. In periods when there are rapid changes in economic conditions or security price levels, portfolio turnover may be significantly higher than during times of economic and market price stability. The Funds portfolio turnover rate may exceed 100% per year, and under certain market conditions may be substantially higher. A 100% annual turnover rate would occur, for example, if all the securities in the Funds portfolio were replaced once within a period of one year.
Temporary Defensive Positions. When adverse market or economic conditions occur, the Fund may temporarily invest all or a portion of its total assets in defensive investments. Such investments may include fixed-income securities, high quality money market instruments, cash and cash equivalents. To the extent the Fund takes temporary defensive positions, it may not achieve its investment objective.
Additional Information. The foregoing percentage limitations in the Funds investment strategies apply at the time of purchase of securities, except that the limit on borrowing described in the Statement of Additional Information is applied on a continual basis. The Board of Trustees may change any of the foregoing investment policies, including the Funds investment objective and 80% investment policy, without shareholder approval. The Fund will provide shareholders with written notice at least 60 days prior to a change in its 80% investment policy.
Principal Risks
When you sell Fund shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them. Consequently, you can lose money by investing in the Fund. No assurance can be given that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, and investment results may vary substantially over time and from period to period. An investment in the Fund is not appropriate for all investors. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency.
Table of Contents
Like all mutual funds, investing in the Fund involves risk factors and special considerations. The Funds risk is defined primarily by its principal investment strategies. Investments in the Fund are not insured against loss of principal. As with any mutual fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Asset-Backed Securities Risk: Because asset-backed securities often are secured by the loans underlying the securities, the Fund may lose money if there are defaults on the loans underlying the securities. Such defaults have increased the risk for asset-backed securities that are secured by home-equity loans related to sub-prime mortgage loans, especially in a declining residential real estate market. Asset-backed securities also may be subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity dates indicate, due to changing economic conditions. To maintain its position in such securities, the Fund may reinvest the reductions in principal amounts resulting from the prepayments. Yields on those reinvested amounts are subject to prevailing market rates. Because prepayments of principal generally increase when rates are falling, the Fund generally has to reinvest proceeds from prepayments at lower rates. Investments in asset-backed securities may also be subject to valuation risk.
Convertible Securities Risk: Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. Because convertible securities are higher in an issuers capital structure than equity securities, convertible securities are generally not as risky as the equity securities of the same issuer. However, convertible securities may gain or lose value due to changes in, among other things, interest rates; other general economic conditions; industry fundamentals; market sentiment; and the issuers operating results, financial statements and credit ratings. The value of convertible securities also tends to change whenever the market value of the underlying common or preferred stock fluctuates.
Counterparty Risk is the risk that a counterparty (the other party to a transaction or an agreement or the party with whom the Fund executes transactions) to a transaction with the Fund may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest or settlement payments, or otherwise honor its obligations. In an attempt to limit the counterparty risk associated with such transactions, the Fund conducts business only with financial institutions judged by the Adviser to present acceptable credit risk. For example, repurchase agreements are loans of money or arrangements under which the Fund purchases securities and the seller agrees to repurchase the securities within a specific time and at a specific price. The repurchase price is generally higher than the Funds purchase price, with the difference being income to the Fund. The counterpartys obligations under the repurchase agreement are collateralized with U.S. Treasury and/or agency obligations with a market value of not less than 100% of the obligations, valued daily. Collateral is held by the Funds custodian in a segregated, safekeeping account for the benefit of the Fund. Repurchase agreements afford the Fund an opportunity to earn income at low risk on temporarily available cash. If bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings commence with respect to the seller of the securities before repurchase of the securities under a repurchase agreement, the Fund may encounter delays and incur costs before being able to sell the securities. Such a delay may involve loss of interest or a decline in price of the securities. If a court characterizes the transaction as a loan and the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the securities, the Fund may be required to return the securities to the sellers estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and interest involved in the transaction.
Credit Risk is the risk that the issuers of certain securities or the counterparties of a derivatives contract or repurchase contract might be unable or unwilling (or perceived as being unable or unwilling) to make interest and/or principal payments when due, or to otherwise honor its obligations. Debt securities are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest and/or principal. Non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the obligation experiencing non-payment and a potential decrease in the net asset value (NAV) of the Fund. The value of debt securities owned by the Fund may be affected by the ability of issuers to make principal and interest payments and by the issuers or counterpartys credit quality. If an issuer cannot meet its payment obligations or if its credit rating is lowered, the value of its debt securities may decline. Lower quality bonds are generally more sensitive to these changes than higher quality bonds. Even within securities considered investment grade, differences exist in credit quality and some investment-grade debt securities may have speculative characteristics. A securitys price may be adversely affected by the markets perception of the securitys credit quality level even if the issuer or counterparty has suffered no degradation in its ability to honor the obligation.
Credit risk varies depending upon whether the issuers of the securities are corporations or domestic or foreign governments or their sub-divisions or instrumentalities and whether the particular note or other instrument held by the Fund has a priority in payment of principal and interest. U.S. government securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk depending upon whether the securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, supported by the ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, supported only by the credit of the issuing U.S.
Table of Contents
government agency, instrumentality, or corporation, or otherwise supported by the United States. Obligations issued by U.S. government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, such as Government National Mortgage Association, are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, while obligations issued by others, such as Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs), are backed solely by the ability of the entity to borrow from the U.S. Treasury or by the entitys own resources. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to U.S. government agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Currency Risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the value of the Funds foreign currency holdings and investments denominated in foreign currencies. These securities may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the relative currency exchange rates and by exchange control regulations. The Funds investment performance may be negatively affected by a devaluation of a currency in which the Funds investments are quoted or denominated. Further, the Funds investment performance may be significantly affected, either positively or negatively, by currency exchange rates because the U.S. dollar value of securities quoted or denominated in another currency will increase or decrease in response to changes in the value of such currency in relation to the U.S. dollar.
Debt Securities Risk is the risk associated with the fact that the value of debt securities typically changes in response to various factors, including, by way of example, market-related factors (such as changes in interest rates or changes in the risk appetite of investors generally) and changes in the actual or perceived ability of the issuer (or of issuers generally) to meet its (or their) obligations. During periods of rising interest rates, debt securities generally decline in value. Conversely, during periods of falling interest rates, debt securities generally rise in value. This kind of market risk is generally greater for funds investing in debt securities with longer maturities. This risk is generally greater for obligations with longer maturities or for debt securities that do not pay current interest (such as zero-coupon securities). Debt securities with floating interest rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes, although, to the extent the Funds income is based on short-term interest rates that fluctuate over short periods of time, income received by the Fund may decrease as a result of a decline in interest rates. In addition, the interest rates of floating rate loans typically only adjust to changes in short-term interest rates; long-term interest rates can vary dramatically from short-term interest rates. In addition, the interest rates of floating rate loans typically only adjust to changes in short-term interest rates; long-term interest rates can vary dramatically from short-term interest rates. Because loans are not ordinarily registered with the SEC or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange, there is usually less publicly available information about such instruments. In addition, loans may not be considered securities for purposes of the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws and, as a result, as a purchaser of these instruments, we may not be entitled to the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws. In the course of investing in such instruments, we may come into possession of material nonpublic information and, because of prohibitions on trading in securities of issuers while in possession of such information, we may be unable to enter into a transaction in a publicly-traded security of that issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous for us to do so. Alternatively, we may choose not to receive material nonpublic information about an issuer of such loans, with the result that we may have less information about such issuers than other investors who transact in such assets.
In response to an interest rate decline, debt securities that provide the issuer with the right to call or redeem the security prior to maturity may be called or redeemed. If a debt security is repaid more quickly than expected, the Fund may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at the same interest rate, reducing the potential for gain. When interest rates increase or for other reasons, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected. As a result, the maturity of the debt instrument is extended, increasing the potential for loss. As of the date of this Prospectus, market interest rates in the United States are at or near historic lows, which may increase the Funds exposure to risks associated with rising market interest rates. Rising market interest rates could have unpredictable effects on the markets and may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility, which could reduce liquidity for certain investments, adversely affect values, and increase costs. Increased redemptions may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so and may lower returns. If dealer capacity in fixed-income and related markets is insufficient for market conditions, it may further inhibit liquidity and increase volatility in the fixed-income and related markets. Further, recent and potential future changes in government policy may affect interest rates.
Table of Contents
The value of a debt security also depends on the issuers credit quality or ability to pay principal and interest when due. The value of a debt security is likely to fall if an issuer or the guarantor of a security is unable or unwilling (or perceived to be unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise to honor its obligations, or if the debt securitys rating is downgraded by a credit rating agency. The obligations of issuers (and obligors of asset-backed securities) are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The value of a debt security can also decline in response to other changes in market, economic, industry, political, and regulatory conditions that affect a particular type of debt security or issuer or debt securities generally. The values of many debt securities may fall in response to a general increase in investor risk aversion or a decline in the confidence of investors generally in the ability of issuers to meet their obligations.
Senior loans are subject to the same risks typically associated with debt securities. In addition, senior loans, which typically hold a senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, are subject to the risk that a court could subordinate such loans to presently existing or future indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of senior loans. Senior loans are also especially subject to the risk that the value of the collateral, if any, securing a loan may decline, be insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower, or be difficult to liquidate.
Derivatives Risk is a combination of several risks, including the risks that: (1) an investment in a derivative instrument may not correlate well with the performance of the securities or asset class to which the Fund seeks exposure, (2) derivative contracts, including options, may expire worthless and the use of derivatives may result in losses to the Fund, (3) a derivative instrument entailing leverage may result in a loss greater than the principal amount invested, (4) derivatives not traded on an exchange may be subject to credit risk, for example, if the counterparty does not meet its obligations (see also Counterparty Risk), and (5) derivatives not traded on an exchange may be subject to liquidity risk and the related risk that the instrument is difficult or impossible to value accurately. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as expected relative to the value of the assets, rates, or indices they are designed to track. Derivatives include futures, non-U.S. currency contracts, swap contracts, warrants, and options contracts. Derivatives may relate to securities, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, inflation rates, commodities, and indices. As a general matter, when the Fund establishes certain derivative instrument positions, such as certain futures, options and forward contract positions, it will segregate liquid assets (such as cash, U.S. Treasury bonds or commercial paper) equivalent to the Funds outstanding obligations under the contract or in connection with the position. In addition, changes in laws or regulations may make the use of derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the use, value or performance of derivatives. There are several risks associated with derivatives transactions. The use of derivatives involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets. A decision as to whether, when and how to use derivatives involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The use of derivative transactions may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices other than current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell. The Fund may enter into credit derivatives, such as credit default swaps and credit default index investments, including loan credit default swaps and loan credit default index swaps. The use by the Fund of credit default swaps may have the effect of creating a short position in a security. These investments can create investment leverage and may create additional investment risks that may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in more traditional securities. Derivative contracts may expire worthless.
The Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties, and events affecting the creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. Derivatives risk is particularly acute in environments (like those of 2008) in which financial services firms are exposed to systemic risks of the type evidenced by the insolvency of Lehman Brothers and subsequent market disruptions. In addition, during those periods, the Fund may have a greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in its mark-to-market obligations under the derivatives in which it has invested.
The Funds use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives will not be available in all circumstances. For example, the economic costs of taking some derivative positions may be prohibitive, and if a counterparty or its affiliate is deemed to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will not be permitted to trade with that counterparty. In addition, the Adviser may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Funds risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.
Table of Contents
Swap contracts and other OTC derivatives are highly susceptible to liquidity risk (see Illiquid and Restricted Securities Risk) and counterparty risk (see Counterparty Risk), and are subject to documentation risks. Because many derivatives have a leverage component (i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish and/or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. See Principal Risks Leverage Risk below.
Derivatives also present other risks described in this section, including securities market risk, illiquid and restricted securities risk, currency risk, credit risk, and counterparty risk. Special tax considerations apply to the Funds use of derivatives. See the Taxation section below.
As a general matter, when the Fund establishes certain derivative instrument positions, such as certain futures, options and forward contract positions, it will segregate liquid assets (such as cash, U.S. Treasury bonds or commercial paper) equivalent to the Funds outstanding obligations under the contract or in connection with the position.
Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (cleared derivatives), the Funds counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund are not members of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (clearing members) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients obligations to the clearing house.
In many ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, the Fund may be required to provide more margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives transaction, following a period of notice to the Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives transaction at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate those transactions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member, because margin for cleared derivatives transactions in excess of a clearing houses margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Funds behalf. In those cases, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Funds clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared swaps due to their more limited liquidity and market history.
Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Funds behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Funds transactions on the swap execution facility.
Table of Contents
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Funds ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of risks and costs. In addition, the SEC recently proposed a rule under the 1940 Act regulating the use by registered investment companies of derivatives and many related instruments. That rule, if adopted as proposed, would, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives transactions or so increase the cost of derivatives transactions that the Fund would be unable to implement its investment strategy.
Emerging Markets Risk is the risk of investing in securities of issuers tied economically to emerging markets, which entails all of the risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers detailed below under Non-U.S. Securities Risk to a heightened degree. These heightened risks include: (i) greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, and less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the smaller size of the markets for such securities and a lower volume of trading, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility; (iii) greater fluctuations in currency exchange rates; and (iv) certain national policies that may restrict the Funds investment opportunities, including restrictions on investing in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to relevant national interests.
Equity Securities Risk is the risk that stock prices will fall over short or long periods of time. In addition, common stocks represent a share of ownership in a company, and rank after bonds and preferred stock in their claim on the companys assets in the event of bankruptcy. The market prices of equity securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that may directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, fundamental changes to the business, financial leverage, non-compliance with regulatory requirements and reduced demand for the issuers goods or services. The values of equity securities also may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. Certain equity securities may decline in value even during periods when the prices of equity securities in general are rising, or may not perform as well as the market in general. In addition to these risks, preferred stock and convertible securities are also subject to the risk that issuers will not make payments on securities held by the Fund, which could result in losses to the Fund. The credit quality of preferred stock and convertible securities held by the Fund may be lowered if an issuers financial condition changes, leading to greater volatility in the price of the security. In addition, a companys preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred stock will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the companys financial condition or prospects. The market value of convertible securities also tends to fall when prevailing interest rates rise.
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF) Risk is the risk that the price movement of an ETF may not exactly track the underlying index and may result in a loss. In addition, shareholders bear both their proportionate share of the Funds expenses and similar expenses of the underlying investment company when the Fund invests in shares of another investment company. The value of ETFs can be expected to increase and decrease in value in proportion to increases and decreases in the indices that they are designed to track. The volatility of different index tracking stocks can be expected to vary in proportion to the volatility of the particular index they track. ETFs are traded similarly to stocks of individual companies. Although an ETF is designed to provide investment performance corresponding to its index, it may not be able to exactly replicate the performance of its index because of its operating expenses and other factors.
Extension Risk: When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
Table of Contents
Financial Services Industry Risk is the risk associated with the fact that the Funds investments in senior loans (Senior Loans) are arranged through private negotiations between a borrower (Borrower) and several financial institutions. Investments in the financial services sector may be subject to credit risk, interest rate risk, and regulatory risk, among others. Banks and other financial institutions can be affected by such factors as downturns in the U.S. and foreign economies and general economic cycles, fiscal and monetary policy, adverse developments in the real estate market, the deterioration or failure of other financial institutions, and changes in banking or securities regulations. The financial services industry is subject to extensive government regulation, which can limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments financial services companies can make and the interest rates and fees they can charge. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds, and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Because financial services companies are highly dependent on short-term interest rates, they can be adversely affected by downturns in the U.S. and foreign economies or changes in banking regulations. Losses resulting from financial difficulties of Borrowers can negatively affect financial services companies. The financial services industry is currently undergoing relatively rapid change as existing distinctions between financial service segments become less clear. This change may make it more difficult for the Adviser to analyze investments in this industry. Additionally, the recently increased volatility in the financial markets and implementation of the recent financial reform legislation may affect the financial services industry as a whole in ways that may be difficult to predict.
Fixed Income Market Risk is the risk that fixed income markets may, in response to governmental intervention, economic or market developments (including potentially a reduction in the number of broker-dealers willing to engage in market-making activity), or other factors, experience periods of increased volatility and reduced liquidity. During those periods, the Fund may experience increased levels of shareholder redemptions, and may have to sell securities at times when it would otherwise not do so, and at unfavorable prices. Fixed income securities may be difficult to value during such periods. In recent periods, governmental financial regulators, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, have taken steps to maintain historically low interest rates by purchasing bonds. Steps by those regulators to curtail or taper such activities could result in the effects described above, and could have a material adverse effect on prices for fixed income securities and on the management of the Fund.
Focused Investment Risk Senior Loans: The Funds investments in Senior Loans arranged through private negotiations between a Borrower and several financial institutions may expose the Fund to risks associated with the financial services industry. Financial services companies are subject to extensive government regulation, which can limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments they can make and the interest rates and fees they can charge. Profitability is largely dependent on the availability and cost of capital funds and can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Because financial services companies are highly dependent on short-term interest rates, they can be adversely affected by downturns in the U.S. and foreign economies or changes in banking regulations. Credit losses resulting from financial difficulties of borrowers can negatively affect financial services companies. Insurance companies can be subject to severe price competition. The financial services industry is currently undergoing relatively rapid change as existing distinctions between financial service segments become less clear. For instance, recent business combinations have included insurance, finance, and securities brokerage under single ownership. Some primarily retail corporations have expanded into the securities and insurance industries. Moreover, the federal laws generally separating commercial and investment banking have been repealed. These changes may make it more difficult for the Adviser to analyze loans in this industry. Additionally, the recently increased volatility in the financial markets and implementation of the recent financial reform legislation may affect the financial services industry as a whole in ways that may be difficult to predict.
Hedging Risk is the risk that, although intended to limit or reduce investment risk, hedging strategies may also limit or reduce the potential for profit. There is no assurance that hedging strategies will be successful. There are several risks in connection with the use by the Fund of futures contracts and related options as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the futures contracts and options and movements in the underlying securities or index or movements in the prices of the Funds securities which are the subject of a hedge. The Adviser will, however, attempt to reduce this risk by purchasing and selling, to the extent possible, futures contracts and related options on securities and indices the movements of which will, in its judgment, correlate closely with movements in the prices of the underlying securities or index and the Funds portfolio securities sought to be hedged. Successful use of futures contracts and options by the Fund for hedging purposes is also subject to the Advisers ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, where the Fund has purchased puts on futures contracts to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the securities or index on which the puts are purchased may increase in value and the value of securities held in the portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Fund would lose money on the puts and also experience a decline in the value of its portfolio securities. In addition, the prices of futures, for a number of reasons, may not correlate
Table of Contents
perfectly with movements in the underlying securities or index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit requirements. Such requirements may cause investors to close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the underlying security or index and futures markets. Second, the margin requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets in general, and as a result the futures markets may attract more speculators than the securities markets do. Increased participation by speculators in the futures markets may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion, even a correct forecast of general market trends by the Adviser still may not result in a successful hedging transaction over a very short time period. In addition, to maintain margin requirements, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous prices or times because it may not be possible to liquidate a position at a reasonable price. The earmarking of such assets also will have the effect of limiting the Funds ability otherwise to invest those assets. Special tax considerations apply to the Funds hedging transactions.
High Yield Debt Securities Risk is the risk that below investment grade securities or unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as high yield securities or junk securities) are more likely to default than higher rated securities. The Funds ability to invest in high-yield debt securities generally subjects the Fund to greater risk than securities with higher ratings. The market value of these securities is generally more sensitive to corporate developments and economic conditions and can be volatile. Market conditions can diminish liquidity and make accurate valuations difficult to obtain. Below investment grade may be fixed or variable rate obligations and are rated below investment grade (Ba/BB or lower) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or are unrated but deemed by the Adviser to be of comparable quality. Such securities should be considered speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. High-yield debt securities are frequently issued by corporations in the growth stage of their development, but also may be issued by established companies. High-yield securities held by the Fund may include securities received as a result of a corporate reorganization or issued as part of a corporate takeover. Below investment grade securities have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated obligations and are generally unsecured and may be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. The lower rating of high-yield securities reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions (including, for example, a substantial period of rising interest rates or declining earnings) or both may impair the ability of the issuer to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high-yield securities are highly leveraged and their relatively high debt to equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their obligations. Overall declines in the below investment grade bond market and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their obligations at maturity. Investments in obligations of issuers that are generally trading at significantly higher yields than had been historically typical of the applicable issuers obligations may include debt obligations that have a heightened probability of being in covenant or payment default in the future. Such investments generally are considered speculative. The repayment of defaulted obligations is subject to significant uncertainties. Defaulted obligations might be repaid only after lengthy workout or bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments. Typically such workout or bankruptcy proceedings result in only partial recovery of cash payments or an exchange of the defaulted security for other debt or equity securities of the issuer or its affiliates, which may in turn be illiquid or speculative. High-yield securities will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such obligations may be unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. Moreover, such obligations may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness and are unlikely to be secured by collateral. There is no limit on the percentage of assets that Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund may invest in Senior Loans and other securities that are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but of comparable quality.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities Risk: Illiquid investments may be difficult to resell at approximately the price they are valued in the ordinary course of business within seven days. When investments cannot be sold readily at the desired time or price, the Fund may have to accept a much lower price, may not be able to sell the investment at all or may be forced to forego other investment opportunities, all of which may adversely impact the Funds returns. Illiquid investments also may be subject to valuation risk. Restricted securities (including Rule 144A securities) may be subject to legal restraints on resale and, therefore, are typically less liquid than other securities. The prices received from selling restricted securities in privately negotiated transactions may be less than those originally paid by the Fund. Investors in restricted securities may not benefit from the same investor protections as publicly traded securities.
Table of Contents
Interest Rate Risk is the risk that fixed income securities will decline in value because of changes in interest rates. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed rate securities already held by the Fund can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of existing fixed rate portfolio securities can be expected to decline. A fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. In addition, the interest rates of floating rate loans typically only adjust to changes in short-term interest rates; long-term interest rates can vary dramatically from short-term interest rates. However, the Fund will primarily invest in floating rate obligations, including Senior Loans, the rates on which periodically adjust with changes in market interest rates. Consequently, the Funds exposure to fluctuations in interest rates will generally be limited to the time that the interest rates on the Senior Loans in its portfolio are reset. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed rate securities already held by the Fund can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of existing fixed-rate portfolio securities can be expected to decline.
To the extent the Fund invests in fixed-rate debt securities with longer maturities, the Fund is subject to greater interest rate risk than funds investing solely in shorter-term fixed-rate debt securities. In addition, the interest rates of floating rate loans typically only adjust to changes in short-term interest rates; long-term interest rates can vary dramatically from short-term interest rates. In a period of rising interest rates, the higher cost of any leverage employed by the Fund and/or increasing defaults by issuers of high-yield securities would likely exacerbate any decline in the Funds NAV. If an issuer of a debt security containing a redemption or call provision exercises either provision in a declining interest rate market, the Fund would likely replace the security with a security having a lower interest rate, which could result in a decreased return for shareholders. To the extent that changes in market rates of interest are reflected not in a change to a base rate (such as LIBOR) but in a change in the spread over the base rate, which is payable on loans of the type and quality in which the Fund invests, the Funds NAV could be adversely affected. This is because the value of a Senior Loan is partially a function of whether the Senior Loan is paying what the market perceives to be a market rate of interest, given its individual credit and other characteristics. However, unlike changes in market rates of interest for which there is generally only a temporary lag before the portfolio reflects those changes, changes in a Senior Loans value based on changes in the market spread on Senior Loans in the Funds portfolio may be of longer duration.
Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a securitys price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a securitys yield, coupon, final maturity and call features, among other characteristics. Duration is useful primarily as a measure of the sensitivity of a fixed income securitys market price to interest rate (i.e. yield) movements. All other things remaining equal, for each one percentage point increase in interest rates, the value of a portfolio of fixed income investments would generally be expected to decline by one percent for every year of the portfolios average duration above zero. For example, the value of a portfolio of fixed income securities with an average duration of three years would generally be expected to decline by approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point.
The Fund will also be exposed to interest rate risk through the REIT Subsidiarys investments in securities such as preferred equity and debt securities. During periods of rising interest rates, the average life of certain types of securities may be extended because of slower than expected principal payments. This may lock in a below-market interest rate, increase the securitys duration and reduce the value of the security. This is known as extension risk. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, which is generally known as call risk or prepayment risk. If this occurs, the REIT Subsidiary may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as reinvestment risk.
Leverage Risk is the risk associated with the use of leverage for investment purposes to create opportunities for greater total returns. Any investment income or gains earned with respect to the amounts borrowed that are in excess of the interest that is due on the borrowing will augment the Funds income. Conversely, if the investment performance with respect to the amounts borrowed fails to cover the interest on such borrowings, the value of the Funds shares may decrease more quickly than would otherwise be the case. Interest payments and fees incurred in connection with such borrowings will reduce the amount of net income available for payment to Fund shareholders. Pursuant to regulations and/or published positions of the SEC, the Fund may be required to earmark liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of its transactions in futures and options. To maintain this required margin, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous prices or times because it may not be possible to liquidate a position at a reasonable price. In addition, the earmarking of such assets will have the effect of limiting the Funds ability otherwise to invest those assets. The Fund has the ability to use leverage through the issuance of preferred shares, borrowings from a credit facility, issuing notes or other debt securities, or any combination of the three. The Fund currently leverages through borrowings made by HFRO Sub, LLC under the Financing Arrangement with BAML. As of October 23, 2018, HFRO Sub, LLC had drawn $450 million under the Financing Arrangement and the Funds asset coverage ratio was 320%.
Table of Contents
The use of leverage, which can be described as exposure to changes in price at a ratio greater than the amount of equity invested, either through the issuance of preferred shares, borrowings or other forms of market exposure, magnifies both the favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the investments made by the Fund. Insofar as the Fund continues to employ leverage in its investment operations, the Fund will be subject to substantial risks of loss. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds investment portfolio declines, any leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to common shareholders than if the Fund were not leveraged. Such greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares. Further, if at any time while the Fund has leverage outstanding it does not meet applicable asset coverage requirements (as discussed below), it may be required to suspend distributions to common shareholders until the requisite asset coverage is restored. Any such suspension might impair the ability of the Fund to meet the RIC distribution requirements and to avoid Fund-level U.S. federal income or excise taxes. The Fund may borrow an amount up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) and may use leverage in the form of preferred shares in an amount up to 50% of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed. As provided in the 1940 Act and subject to certain exceptions, the Fund may issue debt or preferred shares with the condition that immediately after issuance the value of its total assets, less ordinary course liabilities, exceeds 300% of the amount of the debt outstanding and exceeds 200% of the sum of the amount of debt and preferred shares outstanding.
Limited Information Risk is the risk associated with the fact that the types of Senior Loans in which the Fund will invest historically may not have been rated by a NRSRO, have not been registered with the SEC or any state securities commission, and have not been listed on any national securities exchange. Although the Fund will generally have access to financial and other information made available to the Lenders in connection with Senior Loans, the amount of public information available with respect to Senior Loans will generally be less extensive than that available for rated, registered or exchange-listed securities. As a result, the performance of the Fund and its ability to meet its investment objective is more dependent on the analytical ability of the Adviser than would be the case for an investment company that invests primarily in rated, registered or exchange-listed securities.
Liquidity Risk is the risk that low trading volume, lack of a market maker, large position size, or legal restrictions (including daily price fluctuation limits or circuit breakers) limits or prevents the Fund from selling particular securities or unwinding derivative positions at desirable prices. At times, a major portion of any portfolio security may be held by relatively few institutional purchasers. Even if the Fund considers such securities liquid because of the availability of an institutional market, such securities may become difficult to value or sell in adverse market or economic conditions. Because loan transactions often take longer to settle than transactions in other securities, the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a significant period of time. As a result, the Fund may maintain higher levels of cash and short-term investments than mutual funds that invest in securities with shorter settlement cycles, may enter into a line of credit to permit the Fund to finance redemptions pending settlement of the sale of portfolio securities, or may be required to sell portfolio securities when it would not otherwise chose to do so, each of which may adversely affect the Funds performance. No assurance can be given that these measures will provide the Fund with sufficient liquidity to pay redemption proceeds in a timely manner in the event of abnormally large redemptions.
Management Risk is the risk associated with the fact that the Fund relies on the Advisers ability to achieve its investment objective. The Adviser may be incorrect in its assessment of the intrinsic value of the companies whose securities the Fund holds, which may result in a decline in the value of Fund shares and failure to achieve its investment objective. The Funds portfolio managers use qualitative analyses and/or models. Any imperfections or limitations in such analyses and models could affect the ability of the portfolio managers to implement strategies.
Non-Diversification Risk is the risk that an investment in the Fund could fluctuate in value more than an investment in a diversified fund. As a non-diversified fund for purposes of the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in the securities of fewer issuers than a diversified fund. The Funds investment in fewer issuers may result in the Funds shares being more sensitive to the economic results of those issuers. An investment in the Fund could fluctuate in value more than an investment in a diversified fund.
Table of Contents
Non-Payment Risk is the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest and/or principal with respect to debt instruments. Non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a reduction in the value of the obligation experiencing non-payment and a potential decrease in the NAV of the Fund.
Non-U.S. Securities Risk is the risk associated with investing in non-U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments (for example, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates (for non-U.S. securities not denominated in U.S. dollars); future foreign economic, financial, political and social developments; nationalization; exploration or confiscatory taxation; smaller markets; different trading and settlement practices; less governmental supervision; and different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and requirements) that may result in the Fund experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies. These risks are magnified for investments in issuers tied economically to emerging markets, the economies of which tend to be more volatile than the economies of developed markets. In addition, certain investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes on interest, dividends, capital gains or other income or proceeds. Those taxes will reduce the Funds yield on any such securities. See the Taxation section below.
Ongoing Monitoring Risk is the risk associated with ongoing monitoring of the Agent. On behalf of the several Lenders, the Agent generally will be required to administer and manage the Senior Loans and, with respect to collateralized Senior Loans, to service or monitor the collateral. Financial difficulties of Agents can pose a risk to the Fund. Unless, under the terms of the loan, the Fund has direct recourse against the Borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the Agent or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a Borrower.
Operational and Technology Risk is the risk that cyber-attacks, disruptions, or failures that affect the Funds service providers, counterparties, market participants, or issuers of securities held by the Fund may adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders, including by causing losses for the Fund or impairing Fund operations.
Options Risk is the risk associated with investments in options. Options, such as covered calls and covered puts, are subject to the risk that significant differences between the securities and options markets could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets.
Payment-in-Kind Securities Risk: The risk that the value of payment-in-kind securities (PIKs) held by the Fund may be more sensitive to fluctuations in interest rates than other securities. PIKs pay all or a portion of their interest or dividends in the form of additional securities. Federal tax law requires that the interest on PIK bonds be accrued as income to the Fund regardless of the fact that the Fund will not receive cash until such securities mature. Since the income must be distributed to shareholders, the Fund may be forced to liquidate other securities in order to make the required distribution. Additionally, the deferred nature of payments on PIKs creates specific risks.
Interest payments deferred on a PIK are subject to the risk that the borrower may default when the deferred payments are due in cash at the maturity of the loan. Further, the interest rates on PIKs are generally higher to reflect the time-value of money on deferred interest payments and the higher credit risk of borrowers who may need to defer interest payments. The values of PIKs may be less reliable because the accruals require judgments about ultimate collectability of the deferred payments and the value of the associated collateral. An election to defer PIK interest payments by adding them to principal increases the Funds net assets (as income is generally distributed at least annually) and, thus, may increase future management fees to the Adviser. The deferral of interest on a PIK increases its loan-to-value ratio, which is a measure of the riskiness of a loan. Even if conditions for income accrual under GAAP are satisfied, a borrower could still default when actual payment is due upon maturity.
Portfolio Turnover Risk: A high rate of portfolio turnover (i.e., 100% or more) will result in increased transaction costs for the Fund in the form of increased dealer spreads and brokerage commissions. Greater transaction costs may reduce Fund performance. High portfolio turnover also may result in increased realization of net short-term capital gains (which are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them), higher taxable distributions and lower the Funds after-tax performance. The Funds annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year.
Preferred Equity Risk. Preferred equity investments may have similar risks to subordinated debt. The Fund may, through the REIT Subsidiary, make preferred equity investments in companies that own or acquire properties. These investments may involve special risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Issuers of preferred equity generally will invest in real estate or real estate-related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate-related investments, including risks related to rising interest rates.
Table of Contents
Preferred equity securities may be unsecured and also may be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer, including debt. As a result, investments in preferred equity are subject to risks of (i) limited liquidity in the secondary trading market in the case of unlisted or lightly traded securities, (ii) substantial market price volatility in the case of traded preferred equity securities, (iii) subordination to the prior claims of banks and other lenders to the issuer, (iv) the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/repurchase provisions that could cause the value of the Funds investment to decline, (v) the possibility that earnings of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service to lenders and distribution obligations to holders of the preferred equity, including the Fund, and (vi) the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer. These risks may adversely affect the value of the REIT Subsidiarys investments in preferred equity securities.
Prepayment Risk is the risk that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of debt securities may repay higher rate securities before their maturity dates. This may cause the Fund to lose potential price appreciation and to be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates. This may adversely affect the NAV of the Funds shares. Preferred equity and debt securities frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security prior to its stated maturity. An issuer may redeem an obligation if the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. These risks may reduce the value of the REIT Subsidiarys securities investments.
Real Estate Market Risk. The Fund is exposed to economic, market and regulatory changes that impact the real estate market generally through its investment in the REIT Subsidiary, which may cause the Funds operating results to suffer. A number of factors may prevent the REIT Subsidiarys properties and other real estate-related investments from generating sufficient net cash flow or may adversely affect their value, or both, resulting in less cash available for distribution, or a loss, to us. These factors include: national, regional and local economic conditions; changing demographics; the ability of property managers to provide capable management and adequate maintenance; the quality of a propertys construction and design; increases in costs of maintenance, insurance, and operations (including energy costs and real estate taxes); potential environmental and other legal liabilities; the level of financing used by the REIT Subsidiary and the availability and cost of refinancing; potential instability, default or bankruptcy of tenants in the properties owned by the REIT Subsidiary; the relative illiquidity of real estate investments in general, which may make it difficult to sell a property at an attractive price or within a reasonable time frame.
Real Estate Risk. The REIT Subsidiarys investments in mortgage, mezzanine or other real estate loans or preferred equity investments will generally be directly or indirectly secured by a lien on real property (or the equity interests in an entity that owns real property) that, upon the occurrence of a default on the loan, could result in the REIT Subsidiary acquiring ownership of the property. The Adviser will not know whether the values of the properties ultimately securing such loans or preferred equity investments will remain at the levels existing on the dates of origination of those loans or preferred equity investments. If the values of the underlying properties drop, the risk will increase because of the lower value of the security associated with such loans or preferred equity investments. In this manner, real estate values could impact the values of the Funds loan or preferred equity investments. The Funds investments in other real estate-related debt investments, through the REIT Subsidiary, may be similarly affected by real estate property values.
Regulatory Risk is the risk that to the extent that legislation or state or federal regulators impose additional requirements or restrictions with respect to the ability of financial institutions to make loans in connection with highly leveraged transactions, the availability of loan interests for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. To the extent that legislation or state or federal regulators impose additional requirements or restrictions with respect to the ability of the Fund to invest in the assets of distressed companies, the availability of distressed company interests for investment by the Fund may be adversely affected. In addition, such requirements or restrictions may reduce or eliminate sources of financing for affected Borrowers. Further, to the extent that legislation or federal or state regulators require such institutions to dispose of Senior Loan interests relating to highly leveraged transactions or subject such Senior Loan interests to increased regulatory scrutiny, such financial institutions may determine to sell Senior Loan interests in a manner that results in a price that, in the opinion of the Adviser, is not indicative of fair value. Were the Fund to attempt to sell a Senior Loan interest at a time when a financial institution was engaging in such a sale with respect to the Senior Loan interest, the price at which the Fund could consummate such a sale might be adversely affected.
Table of Contents
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur and may adversely affect the Fund and their ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New (or revised) laws or regulations may be imposed by the CFTC, the SEC, the IRS, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other banking regulators, other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets that could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, these agencies are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by these governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.
REIT-Specific Risk. REITs may be affected by changes in the real estate markets generally as well as changes in the values of the properties owned by the REIT or securing the mortgages owned by the REIT (which changes in value could be influenced by market conditions for real estate in general or fluctuations in the value of rights to natural resources appurtenant to the property held by the REIT). REITs are dependent upon management skill and are not diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to qualify for special tax treatment under the Code and to maintain an exemption under the 1940 Act. For example, because a REIT may acquire debt securities of issuers primarily engaged in or related to the real estate industry, it also could conceivably own real estate directly as a result of a default on such securities. Any rental income or income from the disposition of such real estate could adversely affect its ability to retain its tax status, which would have adverse tax consequences on its shareholders. Finally, certain REITs may be self-liquidating at the end of a specified term, and run the risk of liquidating at an economically inopportune time.
REIT Tax Risk for REIT Subsidiaries. In addition to the REIT Subsidiary, the Fund may form one or more subsidiaries that will elect to be taxed as REITs beginning with the first year in which they commence material operations. In order for each subsidiary to qualify and maintain its qualification as a REIT, it must satisfy certain requirements set forth in the Code and Treasury Regulations that depend on various factual matters and circumstances. The Fund and the Adviser intend to structure each REIT subsidiary and its activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, the application of such requirements is not entirely clear, and it is possible that the IRS may interpret or apply those requirements in a manner that jeopardizes the ability of such REIT subsidiary to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT.
If a REIT subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year and it does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, it will generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing its REIT status. Losing its REIT status will reduce its net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders will no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and the REIT subsidiary will no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, such REIT subsidiary might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
To obtain the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), among other things each REIT subsidiary generally will be required each year to distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that it does not distribute all of its net capital gains, or distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted, it will have to pay a corporate level tax on amounts retained. Furthermore, if it fails to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of its ordinary income for that year, (b) 95% of its capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, it would have to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the amounts required to be distributed over the sum of (a) the amounts that it actually distributed and (b) the amounts it retained and upon which it paid income tax at the corporate level. These requirements could cause it to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets, and it is possible that the REIT subsidiary might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund the required distributions. See REIT Tax Considerations below for more information.
Risk of Substantial Redemptions is the risk that if substantial numbers of shares in the Fund were to be redeemed at the same time or at approximately the same time, the Fund might be required to liquidate a significant portion of its investment portfolio quickly to meet the redemptions. The Fund might be forced to sell portfolio securities at prices or at times when it would otherwise not have sold them.
Table of Contents
Securities Lending Risk: The Fund will continue to receive interest on any securities loaned while simultaneously earning interest on the investment of the cash collateral in short-term money market instruments. However, the Fund will normally pay lending fees to broker-dealers and related expenses from the interest earned on such invested collateral. Any decline in the value of a portfolio security that occurs while the security is out on loan is borne by the Fund, and will adversely affect performance. There may be risks of delay in receiving additional collateral or risks of delay in recovery of the securities, loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially and possible investment losses in the investment of collateral. Any loan may be terminated by either party upon reasonable notice to the other party.
Securities Market Risk is the risk that the value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting particular companies or the securities markets generally. A general downturn in the securities market may cause multiple asset classes to decline in value simultaneously. Many factors can affect this value and you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Senior Loans Risk is the risk associated with Senior Loans, which are typically below investment grade and are considered speculative because of the credit risk of their issuers. As with any debt instrument, Senior Loans are generally subject to the risk of price declines and to increases in interest rates, particularly long-term rates. Senior loans are also subject to the risk that, as interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing increases, which may increase the risk of default. In addition, the interest rates of floating rate loans typically only adjust to changes in short-term interest rates; long-term interest rates can vary dramatically from short-term interest rates. Therefore, Senior Loans may not mitigate price declines in a rising long-term interest rate environment. The secondary market for loans is generally less liquid than the market for higher grade debt. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a loan, and could adversely affect the NAV of the Funds shares. The volume and frequency of secondary market trading in such loans varies significantly over time and among loans. Declines in interest rates may increase prepayments of debt obligations and require the Fund to invest assets at lower yields. No active trading market may exist for certain Senior Loans, which may impair the ability of the Fund to realize full value in the event of the need to liquidate such assets. Adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of some actively traded Senior Loans.
Senior Loans may not be rated by a rating agency, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission or listed on any national securities exchange. Therefore, there may be less publicly available information about them than for registered or exchange-listed securities. The risks associated with Senior Loans are similar to the risks of below investment grade securities. Moreover, any specific collateral used to secure a loan may decline in value or lose all its value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the loans value. Economic and other events, whether real or perceived, can reduce the demand for certain Senior Loans or Senior Loans generally, which may reduce market prices and cause the Funds NAV per share to fall. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted.
At times of less liquidity, it may be more difficult to value high yield Senior Loans because this valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation since there is less reliable, objective data available. Investments in Senior Loans and other securities may result in greater NAV fluctuation than if the Fund did not make such investments.
Although Senior Loans in which the Fund will invest will often be secured by collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrowers obligation in the event of a default or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a Senior Loan. The Fund may also invest in Senior Loans that are not secured.
In addition to the risks typically associated with debt securities and loans generally, Senior Loans are also subject to the risk that a court could subordinate a Senior Loan, which typically holds a senior position in the capital structure of a borrower, to presently existing or future indebtedness or take other action detrimental to the holders of Senior Loans.
Table of Contents
Short Sales Risk is the risk of loss associated with any appreciation on the price of a security borrowed in connection with a short sale. The Fund may engage in short sales that are not made against-the-box, which means that the Fund may sell short securities even when they are not actually owned or otherwise covered at all times during the period the short position is open. Short sales that are not made against-the-box involve unlimited loss potential since the market price of securities sold short may continuously increase. When the Fund engages in a short sale on a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee or premium to borrow particular securities and be obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividends or interest that accrue on the security during the period of the loan. The amount of any gain from a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund pays in connection with the short sale. Short selling allows the Fund to profit from declines in market prices to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities. However, since the borrowed securities must be replaced by purchases at market prices in order to close out the short position, any appreciation in the price of the borrowed securities would result in a loss. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. The Fund may mitigate such losses by replacing the securities sold short before the market price has increased significantly. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet their short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet their short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. See Taxation below for special tax considerations associated with engaging in short sales.
Style Risk: Securities with different characteristics tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions as well as investor sentiment. The Fund may underperform other funds that employ a different style. The Fund also may employ a combination of styles that impact its risk characteristics. Examples of different styles include growth and value investing, as well as those focusing on large, medium, or small company securities.
Growth Investing Risk: Growth stocks may be more volatile than other stocks because they are more sensitive to investor perceptions of the issuing companys growth potential. Growth-oriented funds will typically underperform when value investing is in favor.
Value Investing Risk: Undervalued stocks may not realize their perceived value for extended periods of time or may never realize their perceived value. Value stocks may respond differently to market and other developments than other types of stocks. Value-oriented funds will typically underperform when growth investing is in favor.
Mid-Cap Company Risk: Investments in securities of mid-cap companies entail greater risks than investments in larger, more established companies. Mid-cap companies tend to have more narrow product lines, more limited financial resources and a more limited trading market for their stocks, as compared with larger companies. As a result, their stock prices may decline significantly as market conditions change.
Small-Cap Company Risk: Investing in securities of small-cap companies may involve greater risks than investing in larger, more established companies. Smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets and financial resources. Their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than securities of larger, more established companies. In addition, smaller companies are typically subject to greater changes in earnings and business prospects than are larger companies. Consequently, the prices of small company stocks tend to rise and fall in value more than other stocks. Although investing in small-cap companies may offer potential for above-average returns, the companies may not succeed and their stock prices could decline significantly. Investments in small-cap companies may also be subject to valuation risk.
Swaps Risk involves both the risks associated with an investment in the underlying investments or instruments (including equity investments) and counterparty risk. In a standard over-the-counter (OTC) swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount calculated based on the notional amount of predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. Swaps can involve greater risks than direct investments in securities, because swaps may be leveraged and OTC swaps are subject to counterparty risk (e.g., the risk of a counterpartys defaulting on the obligation or bankruptcy), credit risk and pricing risk (i.e., swaps may be difficult to value). Swaps may also be considered illiquid. Certain swap transactions, including interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps, may be subject to mandatory clearing and exchange trading, although the swaps in which the Fund will invest are not currently subject to mandatory clearing and exchange trading. The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques, risk analyses and tax planning different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The value of swaps, like many other derivatives, may move in unexpected ways and may result in losses for the Fund.
Table of Contents
Swaps Risk: The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques, risk analyses and tax planning different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. These transactions can result in sizeable realized and unrealized capital gains and losses relative to the gains and losses from the Funds direct investments in securities.
Transactions in swaps can involve greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference assets directly since, in addition to general market risks, swaps may be leveraged and are also subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk, credit risk and pricing risk. However, certain risks may be reduced (but not eliminated) if the Fund invests in cleared swaps. Regulators also may impose limits on an entitys or group of entities positions in certain swaps. Because bilateral swap agreements are two party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, these swaps may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap counterparty. Many swaps are complex and valued subjectively. Swaps and other derivatives may also be subject to pricing or basis risk, which exists when the price of a particular derivative diverges from the price of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.
The value of swaps can be very volatile, and a variance in the degree of volatility or in the direction of securities prices from the Advisers expectations may produce significant losses in the Funds investments in swaps. In addition, a perfect correlation between a swap and a reference asset may be impossible to achieve. As a result, the Advisers use of swaps may not be effective in fulfilling the Advisers investment strategies and may contribute to losses that would not have been incurred otherwise.
Undervalued Stocks Risk: Undervalued stocks include stocks that the Adviser believes are undervalued and/or are temporarily out of favor in the market. An undervalued stock may decrease in price or may not increase in price as anticipated by the Adviser if other investors fail to recognize the companys value or the factors that the Adviser believes will cause the stock price to increase do not occur.
| ITEM 9. | MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND. |
The Fund is a party to contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the Funds investment adviser, administrator, distributor, and shareholder servicing agent, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (third-party) beneficiaries of, any such contractual arrangements, and such contractual arrangements are not intended to create in any individual shareholder or group of shareholders any right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the Fund.
Neither this prospectus, nor the related SAI, is intended, or should be read, to be or to give rise to an agreement or contract between the Fund and any investor, or to give rise to any rights in any shareholder or other person other than any rights under federal or state law.
The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by the Investment Adviser. There are six trustees of the Fund. Five of the trustees are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. The names and business addresses of the trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under Management of the Fund in the Statement of Additional Information.
Board of Trustees and Investment Adviser
The Board of Trustees (the Board) has overall management responsibility for the Fund and each series of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II. See Management of the Fund in the SAI for the names of and other information about the Trustees and officers of the Fund. The Board also has overall management responsibility for funds advised by NexPoint Advisors, L.P., including NexPoint Credit Strategies Fund, NexPoint Capital, Inc. (a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the 1940 Act) and NexPoint Real Estate Strategies Fund (a closed-end management investment company that operates as an interval fund). NexPoint Advisors, L.P. is an affiliate of Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P.
Table of Contents
Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. (HCMFA or the Adviser) (formerly, Pyxis Capital, L.P.) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The address of the Adviser is 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201. Organized in February 2009, HCMFA is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. As of June 30, 2018, HCMFA had approximately $3.7 billion in assets under management. HCMFA is also the Funds administrator. HCMFA is owned by Highland Capital Management Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (HCM Services) and its general partner, Strand Advisors XVI, Inc., of which James Dondero is the sole stockholder. HCM Services is controlled by Mr. Dondero and Mr. Mark Okada by virtue of their respective share ownership.
Responsibilities.
The Investment Adviser provides the following services to the Fund: (i) furnishes an investment program for the Fund; (ii) determines, subject to the overall supervision and review of the Board, the investments to be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and the portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund to be held uninvested; (iii) makes changes in the investments of the Fund; and (iv) votes, exercises consents, and exercises all other rights pertaining to such investments. Subject to the foregoing, the Investment Adviser will have the authority to engage one or more sub-advisers in connection with the portfolio management of the Fund, which sub-advisers may be affiliates of the Investment Adviser; provided, however, that the Investment Adviser shall remain responsible to the Fund with respect to its duties and obligations set forth in the investment advisory agreement.
Compensation
The Fund has entered into an investment advisory agreement with HCMFA (each, an Investment Advisory Agreement) pursuant to which HCMFA provides the day-to-day management of the Funds portfolio of securities, which includes buying and selling securities for the Fund and conducting investment research.
In return for its advisory services, the Fund pays the Adviser a monthly fee of 0.65%, computed and accrued daily, based on an annual rate of the Funds average daily managed assets. Average Daily Managed Assets of the Fund shall mean the average daily value of the total assets of the Fund, less all accrued liabilities of the Fund (other than the aggregate amount of any outstanding borrowings constituting financial leverage). In addition to the advisory fees set forth above, the Adviser is entitled to receive administration fees of 0.20% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds first semi-annual or annual report to shareholders following the effective date of the Funds registration statement. A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards approval of the Investment Advisory Agreements for the Predecessor Fund appears in the Predecessor Funds semi-annual reports to shareholders for the period ended December 31, 2017.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser and/or its general partner, limited partners, officers, affiliates and employees provide investment advice to other parties and manage other accounts and private investment vehicles similar to the Funds. For the purposes of this section, the term Highland shall include the Adviser and its affiliated investment advisors, including Highland Capital Management, L.P. and its affiliates. In connection with such other investment management activities, the Adviser and/or its general partner, limited partners, officers, affiliates and employees may decide to invest the funds of one or more other accounts or recommend the investment of funds by other parties, rather than the Funds monies, in a particular security or strategy. In addition, the Adviser and such other persons will determine the allocation of funds from the Fund and such other accounts to investment strategies and techniques on whatever basis they consider appropriate or desirable in their sole and absolute discretion.
Table of Contents
The Adviser has built a professional working environment, a firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time. Nevertheless, the Adviser furnishes advisory services to numerous clients in addition to the Funds, and the Adviser may, consistent with applicable law, make investment recommendations to other clients or accounts (including accounts that have performance or higher fees paid to the Adviser or in which portfolio managers have a personal interest in the receipt of such fees) that may be the same as or different from those made to the Fund. In addition, the Adviser, its affiliates and any of their partners, directors, officers, stockholders or employees may or may not have an interest in the securities whose purchase and sale the Adviser recommends to the Funds. Actions with respect to securities of the same kind may be the same as or different from the action that the Adviser, or any of its affiliates, or any of their partners, directors, officers, stockholders or employees or any member of their families may take with respect to the same securities. Moreover, the Adviser may refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of companies of which any of the Advisers (or its affiliates) partners, directors, officers or employees are directors or officers, or companies as to which the Adviser or any of its affiliates or partners, directors, officers and employees of any of them has any substantial economic interest or possesses material non-public information. In addition to its various policies and procedures designed to address these issues, the Adviser includes disclosure regarding these matters to its clients in both its Form ADV and investment advisory agreements.
The Adviser, its affiliates or their partners, directors, officers or employees similarly serve or may serve other entities that operate in the same or related lines of business, including accounts managed by an investment adviser affiliated with the Adviser. Accordingly, these individuals may have obligations to investors in those entities or funds or to other clients, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund. As a result, the Adviser will face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities to the Funds and other funds and clients. In order to enable such affiliates to fulfill their fiduciary duties to each of the clients for which they have responsibility, the Adviser will endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner , pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser and its advisory affiliates that are designed to manage potential conflicts of interest, which may, subject to applicable regulatory constraints, involve pro rata co-investment by the Funds and such other clients or may involve a rotation of opportunities among the Funds and such other clients. The Fund will only make investments in which the Adviser or an affiliate hold an interest to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and SEC staff interpretations or pursuant to the terms and conditions of the exemptive order received by certain advisers and funds affiliated with the Fund, dated April 19, 2016. For example, exemptive relief is not required for the Fund to invest in syndicated deals and secondary loan market transactions in which the Adviser or an affiliate has an interest where price is the only negotiated point. The order applies to all Investment Companies, which includes future closed-end investment companies registered under the 1940 Act that are managed by affiliated advisers, which includes the Fund. The Fund, therefore, may in the future invest in accordance with the terms and conditions of the exemptive order. To mitigate any actual or perceived conflicts of interest, allocation of limited offering securities (such as IPOs and registered secondary offerings) to principal accounts that do not include third party investors may only be made after all other client account orders for the security have been filled. However, there can be no assurance that such policies and procedures will in every case ensure fair and equitable allocations of investment opportunities, particularly when considered in hindsight.
Conflicts may arise in cases when clients and/or the Adviser and other affiliated entities invest in different parts of an issuers capital structure, including circumstances in which one or more clients own private securities or obligations of an issuer and other clients may own public securities of the same issuer. In addition, one or more clients may invest in securities, or other financial instruments, of an issuer that are senior or junior to securities, or financial instruments, of the same issuer that are held by or acquired for, one or more other clients. For example, if such issuer encounters financial problems, decisions related to such securities (such as over the terms of any workout or proposed waivers and amendments to debt covenants) may raise conflicts of interests. In such a distressed situation, a client holding debt securities of the issuer may be better served by a liquidation of the issuer in which it may be paid in full, whereas a client holding equity securities of the issuer might prefer a reorganization that holds the potential to create value for the equity holders. In the event of conflicting interests within an issuers capital structure, Highland will generally pursue the strategy that Highland believes best reflects what would be expected to be negotiated in an arms length transaction, but in all instances with due consideration being given to Highlands fiduciary duties to each of its accounts (without regard to the nature of the accounts involved or fees received from such accounts). This strategy may be recommended by one or more Highland investment professionals. A single person may represent more than one part of an issuers capital structure. The recommended
Table of Contents
course of action will be presented to the conflicts committee for final determination as to how to proceed, Highland may elect, but is not required, to assign different teams to make recommendations for different parts of the capital structure as the conflicts committee determines in its discretion. In the event any Highland personnel serve on the board of the subject company, they generally recuse themselves from voting on any board matter with respect to a transaction that has an asymmetrical impact on the capital structure. Highland personnel board members may still make recommendations to the conflicts committee. If any such persons are also on the conflicts committee, they may recuse themselves from the committees determination. A Portfolio Manager with respect to any applicable Highland registered investment company clients (Retail Accounts) participates in such discussions, but makes an independent determination as to which course of action he or she determines is in the best interest of the applicable Retail Accounts. Highland may use external counsel for guidance and assistance.
The Adviser and its affiliates have both subjective and objective procedures and policies in place designed to manage potential conflicts of interest involving clients so that, for example, investment opportunities are allocated in a fair and equitable manner among the Funds and such other clients. An investment opportunity that is suitable for multiple clients of the Adviser and its affiliates may not be capable of being shared among some or all of such clients due to the limited scale of the opportunity or other factors, including regulatory restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. There can be no assurance that the Advisers or its affiliates efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity fairly among all clients for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to the Funds. Not all conflicts of interest can be expected to be resolved in favor of the Funds.
Another type of conflict may arise if one client account buys a security and another client account sells or shorts the same security. Currently, such opposing positions are generally not permitted within the same account without prior trade approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. However, a portfolio manager may enter into opposing positions for different clients to the extent each such client has a different investment objective and each such position is consistent with the investment objective of the applicable client. In addition, transactions in investments by one or more affiliated client accounts may have the effect of diluting or otherwise disadvantaging the values, prices or investment strategies of other client accounts.
Because certain client accounts may have investment objectives, strategies or legal, contractual, tax or other requirements that differ (such as the need to take tax losses, realize profits, raise cash, diversification, etc.), an affiliated advisor may purchase, sell or continue to hold securities for certain client accounts contrary to other recommendations. In addition, an affiliated advisor may be permitted to sell securities or instruments short for certain client accounts and may not be permitted to do so for other affiliated client accounts.
As a result of the Funds arrangements with Highland, there may be times when Highland, the Adviser or their affiliates have interests that differ from those of the Funds shareholders, giving rise to a conflict of interest. Highland and the Adviser are under common ownership, and Funds officers serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund does, or of investment funds managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. Similarly, the Adviser or its affiliates may have other clients with similar, different or competing investment objectives. In serving in these multiple capacities, they may have obligations to other clients or investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which may not be in the best interests of the Fund or its shareholders. For example, the Funds officers have, and will continue to have, management responsibilities for other investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles managed or sponsored by the Adviser and its affiliates. The Funds investment objective may overlap, in part or in whole, with the investment objective of such affiliated investment funds, accounts or other investment vehicles. As a result, those individuals may face conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and other investment funds or accounts advised by or affiliated with the Adviser. The Adviser will seek to allocate investment opportunities among eligible accounts in a manner that is fair and equitable over time and consistent with its allocation policy. However, the Fund can offer no assurance that such opportunities will be allocated to it fairly or equitably in the short-term or over time.
Table of Contents
In addition, it is anticipated that a portion of the Funds assets will be represented by REITs, asset backed securities and/or collateralized loan obligations sponsored, organized and/or managed by Highland and its affiliates. The Adviser will monitor for conflicts of interest in accordance with its fiduciary duties and will provide the independent trustees of the Fund with an opportunity to periodically review the Funds investments in such REITs, asset-backed securities and/or CLOs and assure themselves that continued investment in such securities remains in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Adviser may effect client cross-transactions where it causes a transaction to be effected between the Fund and another client advised by the Adviser or any of its affiliates. The Adviser may engage in a client cross-transaction involving the Fund any time that the Adviser believes such transaction to be fair to the Fund and the other client of the Adviser or its affiliates. As further described below, the Adviser may effect principal transactions where the Fund may make and/or hold an investment, including an investment in securities, in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates have a debt, equity or participation interest, in each case in accordance with applicable law, which may include the Adviser obtaining the consent and approval of the Fund prior to engaging in any such principal transaction between the Fund and the Adviser or its affiliates.
The Adviser may direct the Fund to acquire or dispose of investments in cross trades between the Fund and other clients of the Adviser or its affiliates in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. In addition, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and SEC staff interpretations, the Fund may make and/or hold an investment, including an investment in securities, in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates have a debt, equity or participation interest, and the holding and sale of such investments by the Fund may enhance the profitability of the Advisers own investments in such companies.
Administrator/Sub-Administrator
HCMFA provides administration services to the Fund for a monthly administration fee, computed and accrued daily, at an annual rate of 0.20% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets. In such capacity, HCMFA generally assists the Fund in all aspects of its administration and operations. As of October 1, 2018, under a separate sub-administration agreement, HCFMA has delegated certain administrative functions to SEI Investments Global Funds Services (SEI), One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456, and pays SEI a portion of the fee it receives from the Fund. Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, SEI has agreed to provide fund accounting services; asset data services; fund administration and reporting services; and regulatory administration services, including preparation and filing of various reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies and the SEC for the Fund. Prior to October 1, 2018, under a separate sub-administration agreement, HCFMA had delegated certain administrative functions to State Street, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, and paid State Street a portion of the fee it receives from the Fund. Under the State Street sub-administration agreement, State Street had agreed to provide corporate secretarial services; prepare and file various reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies; assist in preparing various materials required by the SEC; and prepare various materials required by any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Fund.
For more information about the Funds administration agreements, please see Administrator/Sub-Administrator in the SAI.
Multi-Manager Structure
The Fund and the Adviser qualify for exemptive relief under a multi-managers exemptive order (the Order) from certain provisions of the 1940 Act, pursuant to which the Adviser will, subject to the oversight of the Board, be permitted to enter into and materially amend sub-advisory agreements on behalf of the Fund with sub-advisers unaffiliated with the Adviser without such agreements being approved by the shareholders of the Fund (the Multi-Manager Structure). The Board and the Adviser will therefore have the right to hire, terminate or replace sub-advisers without first obtaining shareholder approval, including in the event that a sub-advisory agreement has automatically terminated as a result of an assignment. The Adviser will continue to have the ultimate responsibility to oversee each sub-adviser and recommend its hiring, termination and replacement. Shareholders of the Fund have already approved the adoption of a Multi-Manager Structure, which enables the Fund to operate with greater efficiency and without incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approvals for matters relating to sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements. The Trust and the Adviser will be subject to certain conditions imposed by the Order, including the condition that within 90 days of hiring of a new non-affiliated sub-adviser, the Fund will provide shareholders with an information statement containing information about the sub-adviser. Shareholders of the Fund retain the right to terminate a sub-advisory agreement for the Fund at any time by a vote of the majority of such outstanding securities of the Fund. Operation of the Fund under the Multi-Manager Structure will not: (1) permit management fees paid by the Fund to HCMFA to be increased without shareholder approval; or (2) diminish HCMFAs responsibilities to the Fund, including HCMFAs overall responsibility for overseeing the portfolio management services furnished by its sub-advisers. Shareholders will be notified of any changes made to sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements within 90 days of the change
Table of Contents
About the Funds Portfolio Managers
The Fund is managed by a team of portfolio managers who are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. The portfolio managers of the Fund generally have final authority over all aspects of their portions of the Funds investment portfolio, including securities purchase and sale decisions, portfolio construction techniques and portfolio risk assessment. The following sets forth the roles of the primary portfolio managers of the Fund followed by biographical information for each portfolio manager. The Funds SAI provides the following additional information about the portfolio managers: (i) portfolio managers compensation; (ii) other accounts managed by the portfolio managers; and (iii) the portfolio managers ownership of shares of the Fund, if any.
Portfolio Manager Biographies
The following sets forth biographical information for those individuals who are primarily responsible for managing the Funds investments. The portfolio managers may change from time to time.
Mr. Okada co-founded Highland and has served as Chief Investment Officer of Highland Capital Management, L.P. (HCMLP) since 1993 and as Co-Chief Investment Officer of HCMLP since September 2017. He has managed the Funds portfolio since October 2012. He is a pioneer in the development of the bank loan market and has over 25 years of credit experience. Mr. Okada is responsible for structuring one of the industrys first arbitrage CLOs. He received a BA in Economics and a BA in Psychology, cum laude, from the University of California, Los Angeles. He has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Mr. Poglitsch is Head of Credit at HCMLP and has helped managed the Fund since June 2017. Prior to his current position, Mr. Poglitsch served as a Managing Director at HCFMA, where he spent a substantial amount of time covering the Energy, Competitive Power, Utilities, and Transportation industries; he also served as a Senior Portfolio Analyst on both the Institutional and Retail fund research teams. Prior to joining HCMLP in 2007, Mr. Poglitsch was a consultant for Muse Stancil and Co. (Muse), where he provided mergers and acquisition, valuation, and strategic advisory services to a variety of clients in the midstream and downstream energy sectors, including integrated oil, independent refinery, pipeline, power, and renewable fuel companies. Prior to joining Muse, Mr. Poglitsch was a senior financial analyst for American Airlines. He received an MBA with a concentration in Finance from the University of Texas at Austin and a BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma. Mr. Poglitsch has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Mr. Dondero is a founder and President of HCMLP. Formerly, Mr. Dondero served as Chief Investment Officer of Protective Lifes GIC subsidiary and helped grow the business from concept to over $2 billion between 1989 and 1993. His portfolio management experience includes investments in mortgage-backed securities, investment grade corporate bonds, leveraged bank loans, emerging markets, derivatives, preferred stocks and common stocks. From 1985 to 1989, he managed approximately $1 billion in fixed income funds for American Express. Prior to American Express, he completed his financial training at Morgan Guaranty Trust Fund. Mr. Dondero is a Beta Gamma Sigma graduate of the University of Virginia (1984) with degrees in Accounting and Finance. Mr. Dondero has earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. Mr. Dondero is a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Management Accountant. Mr. Dondero currently serves as Chairman for NexBank and serves on the Board of Directors of American Banknote Corporation, Jernigan Capital, Inc., Texmark Timber Treasury, L.P., Cornerstone Healthcare Group and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Mr. Parker is Partner and Co-Chief Investment Officer at HCMLP. Prior to his current role, Mr. Parker was Head of Credit and responsible for managing the Credit Team platform; he was also a Portfolio Manager covering a number of the industrial verticals, as well as parts of Technology, Media and Telecommunications; he also worked as a Senior Portfolio Analyst on the Distressed & Special Situations investment team. Prior to joining HCMLP in March 2007, Mr. Parker was a Senior Associate at Hunt Special Situations Group, L.P. (Hunt), a private equity group focused on distressed and special situation investing. Mr. Parker was responsible for sourcing, executing and monitoring control private equity investments across a variety of industries. Prior to joining Hunt in 2004, Mr. Parker was an analyst at BMO Merchant Banking, a private equity group affiliated with the Bank of Montreal
Table of Contents
(BMO). While at BMO, Mr. Parker completed a number of leveraged buyouts and mezzanine investment transactions. Prior to joining BMO, Mr. Parker worked in sales and trading for First Union Securities and Morgan Stanley. Mr. Parker received an MBA with concentrations in Finance, Strategy and Entrepreneurship from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a BA in Economics and Business from the Virginia Military Institute. Mr. Parker serves on the Board of Directors of Euramax Holdings, Inc., TerreStar Corporation, JHT Holdings, Inc. and CCS Medical, Inc.
The Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the portfolio managers compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio managers ownership of securities issued by the Fund.
About the Funds Transfer Agent
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219; telephone (718) 921-8200) serves as the Funds transfer agent with respect to its securities.
| ITEM 10. | CAPITAL STOCK, LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER SECURITIES. |
| ITEM 10.1. | Capital Stock |
The Fund currently has one class of common stock, with an unlimited number of authorized shares. The shares of the Fund may be issued in one or more series as the Trustees may, from time to time and without shareholder approval, authorize.
Voting Rights. Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election of Trustees, (ii) for the removal of the Trustees, (iii) with respect to any termination of the Trust, (iv) with respect to any amendment of the Declaration of Trust, and (v) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by applicable law, including the 1940 Act, this Declaration of Trust, the Bylaws or any registration of the Trust with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. All such voting rights are further described and delineated in the Trusts Declaration of Trust.
Each whole share is entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional share is entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, all shares of the Trust then entitled to vote will, except as otherwise provided in the Bylaws, be voted in the aggregate as a single class without regard to series or classes of shares, except (1) when required by the 1940 Act or when the Trustees shall have determined that the matter affects one or more series or classes of Shares materially differently, Shares shall be voted by individual series or class; and (2) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interest of one or more series or classes, only shareholders or such series or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees.
Distributions. The Fund will pay distributions from net investment income monthly and net realized capital gains annually to common shareholders. To permit the Fund to maintain more stable monthly distributions and annual distributions, the Fund may from time to time distribute less than the entire amount of income and gains earned in the relevant month or year, respectively. The undistributed income and gains would be available to supplement future distributions. In certain years, this practice may result in the Fund distributing, during a particular taxable year, amounts in excess of the amount of income and gains earned therein. Such distributions would result in a portion of each distribution occurring in that year to be treated as a return of capital to shareholders. Shareholders of the Fund will automatically have all distributions reinvested in common shares of the Fund issued by the Fund in accordance with the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan) (see below) unless an election is made to receive cash.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Unless the registered owner of Common Shares elects to receive cash by contacting the Plans Plan Agent, a registered owner will receive newly issued common shares for all dividends declared for common shares of the Fund. If a registered owner of common shares elects not to participate in the Plan, they will receive all dividends in cash paid by check mailed directly to them (or, if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee) by the Plan Agent.
Table of Contents
Participation in the Plan is completed voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by contacting the Plan Agent before the dividend record date; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend. Some brokers may automatically elect to receive cash on the shareholders behalf any may reinvest that cash in additional common shares of the Fund for them. The Plan Agent will open an account for each shareholder under the Plan in the same name in which such shareholders common shares are registered.
Whenever the Fund declares a dividend payable in cash, non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and participants in the Plan will receive the equivalent in common shares. The common shares will be acquired by the Plan Agent through receipt of additional unissued but authorized common shares from the Fund (newly issued common shares). The number of newly issued common shares to be credited to each participants account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the dividend by the lesser of (i) the net asset value per common share determined on the Declaration Date and (ii) the market price per common share as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) on the Declaration Date. The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information needed by shareholders for tax records. Common Shares in the account of each Plan participant will be held by the Plan Agent on behalf of the Plan participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan. The Plan Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to participants and vote proxies for shares held under the Plan in accordance with the instructions of the participants. In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees which hold shares for other who are the beneficial owners, the Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of common shares certified from time to time by the record shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Plan. There will be no brokerage charges with respect to common shares issued directly by the Fund.
The automatic reinvestment of dividends will not relieve participants of any federal, state or local income tax that may be payable (or required to be withheld) on such dividends. Accordingly, any taxable dividend received by a participant that is reinvested in additional common shares will be subject to federal (and possibly state and local) income tax even though such participant will not receive a corresponding amount of cash with which to pay such taxes. Participants who request a sale of shares through the Plan Agent are subject to a $2.50 sales fee and pay a brokerage commission of $0.05 per share sold. The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants.
Preemptive Rights. Shareholders have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares or other securities issued by the Fund.
| ITEM 10.2. | Long-Term Debt |
None.
| ITEM 10.3. | General. |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 10.4. | Taxes |
The following discussion is a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to an investment in the Fund. Your investment may have other tax implications. The discussion reflects provisions of the Code, existing Treasury regulations, rulings published by the IRS, and other applicable authorities, as of the date of this Prospectus. These authorities may be changed, possibly with retroactive effect, or subject to new legislative, administrative or judicial interpretations. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax law concerns affecting the Fund and their shareholders, or to address all aspects of taxation that may apply to individual shareholders or to specific types of shareholders, such as foreign persons, that may qualify for special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws. The discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. Please consult your tax advisor about foreign, federal, state, local or other tax laws applicable to you in light of your particular circumstances. For more information, including for a summary of certain tax consequences to foreign investors of investing in the Fund, please see Income Tax Considerations in the SAI.
Table of Contents
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected to be treated and intends to qualify annually for treatment as a regulated investment company (a RIC) under Subchapter M of the Code, including by complying with the applicable qualifying income and diversification requirements. If the Fund so qualifies and satisfies certain distribution requirements, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that the Fund distributes to its shareholders in a timely manner in the form of dividends, including capital gain dividends (as defined below). As described in Dividends and Other Distributions above, the Fund intends to distribute at least annually all or substantially all of its net investment income and net realized capital gains. The Fund will be subject to the Fund-level income tax at regular corporate income tax rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement will be subject to a nondeductible 4% U.S. federal excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year, and (iii) any undistributed amounts described in (i) and (ii) above from the prior year on which the Fund paid no U.S. federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% U.S. federal excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Funds taxable income and capital gain will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the excise tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
Additionally, if for any taxable year the Fund were not to qualify as a RIC, and were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure, all of its taxable income and gain would be subject to the Fund-level tax at regular corporate income tax rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. This treatment would reduce the Funds net income available for investment or distribution to its shareholders. In addition, all distributions from earnings and profits, including any net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions might be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders or to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of individual shareholders. The Fund also could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
The tax rules applicable to certain derivative instruments in which the Fund may invest are uncertain under current law, including the provisions applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. For instance, the timing and character of income or gains arising from certain derivatives can be uncertain, including for Subchapter M purposes. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner it deems to be appropriate, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to one or more of these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may adversely affect the Funds ability to meet one or more of the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC, as well as to avoid Fund-level taxes.
Certain of the Funds investment practices, including entering into futures, options and other derivative transactions, short sales, and its hedging activities, generally, as well as the Funds investments in certain types of securities, including certain preferred stock, debt obligations issued or purchased at a discount and foreign debt securities may be subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things: (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions; (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gain or qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gain or ordinary income; (iii) accelerate the recognition of income; (iv) convert short-term losses into long-term losses; (v) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash; (vi) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or other securities is deemed to occur; (vii) cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Funds securities; or (viii) otherwise adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions. These U.S. federal income tax provisions could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to Fund shareholders. In particular, a substantial portion of the Funds investments in loans and other debt obligations will be treated as having market discount and/or original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which, in some cases, could be significant, and could cause the Fund to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions, may make certain tax elections, and may be required to, among other things, dispose of securities (including at a time when it is not advantageous to do so) to mitigate the effect of these provisions, prevent the Funds disqualification as a RIC, or avoid incurring Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise tax.
Table of Contents
Investments in below investment grade loans and other debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on a distressed debt obligation, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund as necessary, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and that it does not become subject to Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes.
Special tax rules may change the treatment of gains and losses recognized by the Fund when the Fund invests in certain foreign debt securities or engages in certain foreign currency transactions. The application of these special rules may also affect the timing, amount or character of distributions made by the Fund. Interest and other income, as well as gain or proceeds received by the Fund from investments in foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries on dividends, interest, capital gains or other income or proceeds. Tax treaties between the U.S. and other countries may reduce or eliminate such taxes. Foreign withholding and other taxes paid by the Fund will reduce the return from the Funds investments. Under some circumstances, the Fund may be eligible to make a special election that generally will require you to include in income your share of any foreign income taxes paid by the Fund or by certain underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. You may be able either to deduct this amount from your income or claim it as a foreign tax credit. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this special election for a taxable year even if it is eligible to do so.
Dividends paid to you by the Fund from net capital gain realized by the Fund (that is, the excess of any net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case with reference to any loss carryforwards) that the Fund reports as capital gain dividends (capital gain dividends) generally are treated as long-term capital gain includible in net capital gain and taxable to individuals at reduced rates, regardless of how long you have held your shares. Distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gains, provided holding periods and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund level. All other dividends paid to you by the Fund (including dividends from short-term capital gain (that is, the excess of any net short-term capital gain over any net long-term capital loss)) from its current or accumulated earnings and profits generally are taxable to you as ordinary income. The Floating Rate Opportunities Fund generally does not expect a significant portion of its distributions to qualify as qualified dividend income. A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax is imposed on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Fund, including any capital gain dividends, and net gains recognized on the taxable sale, redemption or exchange of shares of the Fund. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.
To the extent that the amount of the Funds total distributions exceed the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, the excess will generally be treated as a tax-free return of capital up to the amount of your tax basis in the shares. The amount treated as a tax-free return of capital will reduce your tax basis in the shares, thereby increasing the amount of gain or reducing the amount of loss on a subsequent sale of the shares. Any amounts distributed to you in excess of your tax basis in the shares will be taxable to you as capital gain. Any such capital gain will be long-term capital gain includible in net capital gain if you have held the applicable Fund shares for more than one year.
Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to you as described herein, whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares. Dividends and other distributions paid by the Fund generally are treated as received by you at the time the dividend or distribution is made. If, however, the Fund pays you a dividend in January that was declared in the previous October, November or December and you were a shareholder of record on a specified record date in one of those months, then such dividend will be treated for tax purposes as having been paid by the Fund and received by you on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
The price of shares purchased at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming dividend or other distribution. If you purchase shares just prior to a dividend, you may receive a distribution that is taxable to you even though it represents in part a return of your invested capital.
Table of Contents
The Fund (or your broker or other financial intermediary through which you own your shares) will send you information after the end of each calendar year setting forth the amount and tax status of any dividends or other distributions paid to you by the Fund. Dividends and other distributions may also be subject to state, local and other taxes.
If you sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of any of your shares of the Fund (including (i) exchanging them for shares of another eligible fund (but not for shares of another class of the same Fund in a Same-Fund Exchange) as described in Exchange of Shares above or (ii) through a redemption) you will generally recognize a gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between your tax basis in such shares of the Fund and the amount you receive upon disposition of such shares. If you hold your shares as capital assets, any such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if you have held (or are treated as having held) such shares for more than one year at the time of sale. All or a portion of any loss you realize on a taxable sale or exchange of your shares of the Fund will be disallowed if you acquire other shares of the same Fund (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after your sale or exchange of the shares. In such case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
In addition, any loss realized upon a taxable sale or exchange of Fund shares held (or deemed held) by you for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (or deemed received) by you with respect to those shares. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income.
The Fund (or, if Fund shares are purchased through a Financial Advisor, a Financial Advisor) may be required to withhold, for U.S. federal backup withholding tax purposes, a portion of the dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to you if: (i) you fail to provide the Fund (or Financial Advisor) with your correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of an individual, generally, such individuals social security number) or to make the required certification; or (ii) the Fund (or Financial Advisor) has been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that you furnish the required information to the IRS.
REIT Tax Considerations
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT
To qualify for the beneficial tax regime applicable to REITs, the REIT Subsidiary must meet and continue to meet the requirements described below relating to organization, sources of income, nature of assets and distributions of income to its stockholders.
Table of Contents
Organizational Requirements
The Code defines a REIT as a domestic corporation, trust or association:
| (1) | which is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| (2) | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
| (3) | which would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code; |
| (4) | which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Code; |
| (5) | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; |
| (6) | not more than 50.0% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly applying various attribution rules, by or for five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include for these purposes certain entities) (the Not Closely Held Test); |
| (7) | which makes an election to be a REIT (or has made such election for a previous taxable year which has not been revoked or terminated) and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
| (8) | which uses the calendar year as its taxable year; and |
| (9) | which meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions. |
The Code provides that conditions (1) through (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year, that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months, and that condition (6) must be met during the last half of each taxable year. For purposes of condition (6), the beneficiaries of a pension or profit-sharing trust described in Section 401(a) of the Code, and not the pension or profit-sharing trust itself, are treated as REIT stockholders. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply to a REIT until the second calendar year in which the REIT qualifies as such. The REIT Subsidiary will be treated as having met condition (6) above for a taxable year if it complied with certain Treasury Regulations for ascertaining the ownership of its stock for such year and if it did not know (or after the exercise of reasonable diligence would not have known) that its stock was sufficiently closely held during such year to cause the REIT Subsidiary to fail condition (6).
The Fund intends to structure and operate the REIT Subsidiary and cause it to conduct its activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, the application of such requirements is complex, and it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service may interpret or apply those requirements in a manner that jeopardizes the ability of the REIT Subsidiary to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT or that the REIT Subsidiary may be unable to satisfy all of the applicable requirements.
Distribution Requirements
To obtain the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under the Code, among other things, the REIT Subsidiary generally will be required each year to distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that it does not distribute all of its net capital gains, or distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted, it will have to pay a corporate-level tax on amounts retained. Furthermore, if it fails to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of its ordinary income for that year, (b) 95% of its capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, it would have to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the amounts required to be distributed over the sum of (i) the amounts that it actually distributed and (ii) the amounts it retained and upon which it paid income tax at the corporate level.
Table of Contents
These requirements could cause the REIT Subsidiary to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets, and it is possible that the REIT Subsidiary might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund the required distributions.
For so long as the REIT Subsidiary qualifies as a REIT, generally, the REIT Subsidiary will not have to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any income that it distributes to its shareholders from its tax earnings and profits.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If the REIT Subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year and it does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, it will generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing its REIT status. Losing its REIT status will reduce the REIT Subsidiarys net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders will no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and the REIT Subsidiary will no longer be required to make distributions equal to at least 90% of its taxable income. If the REIT Subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT, it may be required to borrow funds or liquidate some of its investments in order to have funds with which to pay any resulting entity level tax.
Because of the minimum distribution requirements imposed by the Code, REITs tend be dependent on the acquisition of assets with high positive cash flows. The minimum distribution requirements also tend to limit the degree to which REITs can retain and redeploy capital. These requirements could cause the REIT Subsidiary to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate-related assets, and it is possible that it might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. REITs are particularly vulnerable to defaults by their borrowers and there are significant limitations on their ability to realize income from property acquired as a result of foreclosure.
THE FOREGOING IS A GENERAL AND ABBREVIATED SUMMARY OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE CODE AND THE TREASURY REGULATIONS IN EFFECT AS THEY DIRECTLY GOVERN THE TAXATION OF THE FUND AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS. THESE PROVISIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY LEGISLATIVE OR ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION, AND ANY SUCH CHANGE MAY BE RETROACTIVE. A MORE COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF THE TAX RULES APPLICABLE TO THE FUND CAN BE FOUND IN THE STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, WHICH IS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUS. SHAREHOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISERS REGARDING SPECIFIC QUESTIONS AS TO U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN INCOME OR OTHER TAXES.
| ITEM 10.5. | Outstanding Securities |
| Title of Class |
Amount Authorized | Amount Held by Registrant or for its Account |
Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Shown as Held by Registrant for its Own Account | |||
| Common Stock |
Unlimited | 0 | 71,833,608 |
| ITEM 10.6. | Securities Ratings |
Not applicable.
Table of Contents
| ITEM 11. | Defaults and Arrears on Senior Securities |
Not applicable.
| ITEM 12. | Legal Proceedings |
The Fund and NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund, an affiliated fund, are the beneficiaries of a +$360 million judgment against Credit Suisse related to a syndicated real estate transaction that the funds maintain was fraudulently underwritten by Credit Suisse. Credit Suisse is appealing the judgment against it. The two funds also are participants in a similar action against Credit Suisse related to five additional real estate deals in which the funds allege Credit Suisse committed fraud in relation to the underwriting. Case or Docket Number: 05-15-01463-CV. Full Names of Principal Parties: Claymore Holdings, LLC v. Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
| ITEM 13. | Table of Contents of Statement of Additional Information. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| THE FUND |
| INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES |
| INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS |
| MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST |
| ADMINISTRATOR/SUB-ADMINISTRATOR |
| CUSTODIAN |
| INDEPENDENT PUBLIC REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM |
| PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE |
| PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
| TAX MATTERS |
| ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| APPENDIX A |
| APPENDIX B |
Table of Contents
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
October 29, 2018
200 Crescent Court, Suite 700,
Dallas, Texas 75201
For information, call 877-665-1287
Highland Floating Rate Opportunity Fund (the Fund) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). This Statement of Additional Information does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the prospectus relating thereto dated October 29, 2018, which is incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. This Statement of Additional Information does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing shares, and investors should obtain and read the prospectus prior to purchasing shares. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling 800-357-9167. You may also obtain a copy of the prospectus on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions web site www.sec.gov. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Statement of Additional Information have the meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus.
1
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||
| 3 | ||||
| 3 | ||||
| 22 | ||||
| 24 | ||||
| 38 | ||||
| 39 | ||||
| 39 | ||||
| 39 | ||||
| 41 | ||||
| 41 | ||||
| 53 | ||||
| 53 | ||||
| A-1 | ||||
| B-1 | ||||
2
Table of Contents
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on June 28, 2017 pursuant to a Declaration of Trust dated June 28, 2017. The Trusts principal office is located at 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201 and its telephone number is 972-628-4100. On September 25, 2017, the Fund acquired the assets of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (the Predecessor Fund), a series of Highland Funds I (the Predecessor Trust), a Delaware statutory trust. On September 25, 2017, the Funds name changed from Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund II to Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund. This SAI relates only to the Fund.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The Funds investment objective is to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital. The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing directly and indirectly (e.g., through derivatives that are the economic equivalent of floating rate loans and other floating rate investments) at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) under normal circumstances in floating rate loans and other securities deemed to be floating rate investments. The principal investment objectives of the Fund are not fundamental and can be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of beneficial interest of the Fund. Certain investment restrictions are fundamental and cannot be changed without shareholder approval. In contrast, certain other investment restrictions, as well as the investment policies, of the Fund are not fundamental and may be changed by the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board) without shareholder approval.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investors should not consider the one Fund alone to be a complete investment program. The Fund is subject to the risk of changing economic conditions, as well as the risk inherent in the ability of the portfolio managers to make changes in the composition of the Fund in anticipation of changes in economic, business and financial conditions. As with any security, a risk of loss is inherent in an investment in the shares of the Fund. The securities, investments, and investment practices used by the Fund all have attendant risks of varying degrees. For example, with respect to equity securities, there can be no assurance of capital appreciation and there is a substantial risk of decline. With respect to debt securities, there exists the risk that the issuer of a security may not be able to meet its obligations on interest or principal payments at the time required by the instrument. In addition, the value of debt instruments generally rise and fall inversely with prevailing current interest rates. As described below, an investment in the Fund entails special additional risks as a result of its ability to invest a substantial portion of their assets in foreign securities.
Supplemental information concerning certain of the securities and other instruments in which the Fund may invest, the investment policies and strategies that the Fund may utilize and certain risks attendant to those investments, policies and strategies is provided below. The following is a description of investment strategies and risks for the Fund. Unless otherwise indicated, the Fund is permitted to engage in the following investment strategies and techniques. The Fund is not obligated to pursue the following strategies or techniques and does not represent that these strategies or techniques are available now or will be available at any time in the future. The Fund will not purchase all of the following types of securities or employ all of the following strategies unless doing so is consistent with its investment objective.
In addition to the principal investments described in the Prospectus, Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. (HCMFA or the Adviser), may also invest some of the Funds assets in short-term U.S. government obligations, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other money market instruments, including repurchase agreements with respect to such obligations, to enable the Fund to make investments quickly and to serve as collateral with respect to certain of their investments. However, if the Adviser believes that a defensive position is appropriate because of expected economic or business conditions or the outlook for security prices, a greater percentage of the Funds assets may be invested in such obligations. The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or forward commitment basis, engage in securities lending activities, and invest up to 33 1/3% of its total
3
Table of Contents
assets in reverse repurchase agreements when aggregated with all other borrowings (other than temporary borrowings). The Fund may also invest up to 100% of its assets (in high yield bonds (also known as junk bonds) which are bonds typically rated below investment grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations (NRSROs). NRSROs generally regard high-yield debt securities as predominately speculative with respect to ability to pay interest and repay principal and riskier than higher-rated debt securities. Appendix A contains additional information concerning the characteristics of the ratings used by certain NRSROs. From time to time, in the sole discretion of the Adviser, cash balances of the Fund may be placed in a money market fund or investments may be made in shares of other investment companies, subject to the applicable limits under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
Limited Role in Affairs of Portfolio Companies. Although the Adviser does not take an active role in the affairs of the companies in which the Fund has positions other than voting proxies with respect to the Funds portfolio holdings, it will be the policy of the Fund to take such steps as are necessary to protect its economic interests. If the opportunity presents itself, the Adviser reserves the option for any of its investment personnel to accept a role on the board of directors of any company, regardless of whether the Fund holds any of the companys securities.
Financial Futures. The Fund is sponsored by the Adviser, which is registered as a commodity pool operator and commodity trading adviser under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA). However, pursuant to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) Rule 4.5, the Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the CEA; therefore, the Adviser, with respect to the Fund, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA. To remain eligible for the exclusion under CFTC Rule 4.5, the Fund will be limited in their ability to use certain derivative instruments regulated under the CEA (commodity interests), including futures, swaps and options on futures. In the event that the Funds investments in commodity interests exceed a certain threshold, the Adviser may be required to register as a commodity pool operator and/or commodity trading advisor with the CFTC with respect to the Fund. The Advisers eligibility to claim the exclusion with respect to the Fund will be based upon the level and scope of the Funds investment in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments and the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of commodity interests. For example, CFTC Rule 4.5 requires the Fund with respect to which the sponsor is claiming the exclusion to, among other things, satisfy one of the two following trading thresholds: (i) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish positions in commodity interests cannot exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the funds portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses; or (ii) the aggregate net notional value of commodity interests not used solely for bona fide hedging purposes, determined at the time the most recent position was established, cannot generally exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the funds portfolio, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions it has entered into. In the event the Fund becomes unable to rely on the exclusion in Rule 4.5 and the Adviser is required to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator with respect to that Fund, the Funds expenses may increase.
The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established limits, referred to as position limits, on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts; those position limits may in the future also apply to certain other derivatives positions the Fund may wish to take. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may in the future be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by the Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore, it is possible that in the future the trading decisions of the Adviser may have to be modified and that positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the performance of the Fund.
4
Table of Contents
Fixed-Income and Other Debt Securities
Fixed-income and other debt instrument securities include all bonds, high yield or junk bonds, municipal bonds, debentures, U.S. Government securities, mortgage-related securities, zero coupon securities and custodial receipts. The market value of fixed-income obligations of the Fund will be affected by general changes in interest rates, which will result in increases or decreases in the value of the obligations held by the Fund. The market value of the fixed-income obligations held by the Fund can be expected to vary inversely to changes in prevailing interest rates. As a result, shareholders should anticipate that the market value of the fixed-income obligations held by the Fund generally will increase when prevailing interest rates are declining and generally will decrease when prevailing interest rates are rising. Shareholders also should recognize that, in periods of declining interest rates, the Funds yield will tend to be somewhat higher than prevailing market rates and, in periods of rising interest rates, the Funds yield will tend to be somewhat lower. Also, when interest rates are falling, the inflow of net new money to the Fund from the continuous sale of its shares will tend to be invested in instruments producing lower yields than the balance of its portfolio, thereby reducing the Funds current yield. In periods of rising interest rates, the opposite can be expected to occur. In addition, securities in which the Fund may invest may not yield as high a level of current income as might be achieved by investing in securities with less liquidity, less creditworthiness or longer maturities.
Ratings made available by NRSROs are relative and subjective and are not absolute standards of quality. Although these ratings are initial criteria for selection of portfolio investments, the Adviser also will make its own evaluation of these securities. Among the factors that will be considered are the long-term ability of the issuers to pay principal and interest and general economic trends.
Fixed-income securities may be purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis. See When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments below.
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. A variable amount master demand note (which is a type of commercial paper) represents a direct borrowing arrangement involving periodically fluctuating rates of interest under a letter agreement between a commercial paper issuer and an institutional lender pursuant to which the lender may determine to invest varying amounts.
Medium-, Lower-Rated and Unrated Securities. Securities rated in the fourth highest category by a NRSRO, although considered investment grade, may possess speculative characteristics, and changes in economic or other conditions are more likely to impair the ability of issuers of these securities to make interest and principal payments than is the case with respect to issuers of higher grade bonds.
Generally, medium- or lower-rated securities and unrated securities of comparable quality, sometimes referred to as junk bonds, offer a higher current yield than is offered by higher rated securities, but also (i) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organizations, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (ii) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. The yield of junk bonds will fluctuate over time.
The market values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher quality bonds. In addition, medium- and lower-rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. The risk of loss due to default by these issuers is significantly greater because medium- and lower-rated securities, and unrated securities of comparable quality, generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. Since the risk of default is higher for lower-rated debt securities, the Advisers research and credit analysis are an especially important part of managing securities of this type held by the Fund.
In addition, the market for securities in lower-rated categories is more volatile than that for higher-rated securities, and the markets in which medium- and lower-rated or unrated securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher-rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Moreover, the lack of a liquid trading market may restrict the availability of securities for the Fund to purchase and may also have the effect of limiting the ability of the Fund to sell securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or the financial markets.
5
Table of Contents
Lower-rated debt obligations also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligation for redemption, the Fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for shareholders. Also, as the principal value of bonds moves inversely with movements in interest rates, in the event of rising interest rates the value of the securities held by the Fund may decline relatively proportionately more than a portfolio consisting of higher rated securities. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its higher rated bonds, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the securities held by the Fund and increasing the exposure of the Fund to the risks of lower rated securities. Investments in zero coupon bonds may be more speculative and subject to greater fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently.
Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced. Neither event will require sale of these securities by the Fund, but the Adviser will consider this event in its determination of whether the Fund should continue to hold the securities.
The market for lower-rated debt securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher rated debt securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which the former are sold. If market quotations are not available, lower-rated debt securities will be valued in accordance with procedures established by the Board, including the use of outside pricing services. Judgment plays a greater role in valuing high yield corporate debt securities than is the case for securities for which more external sources for quotations and last sale information is available. Adverse publicity and changing investor perception may affect the ability of outside pricing services to value lower-rated debt securities and the ability to dispose of these securities.
In considering investments for the Fund, the Adviser will attempt to identify those issuers of high yielding debt securities whose financial condition is adequate to meet future obligations or has improved or is expected to improve in the future. The analysis of the Adviser focuses on relative values based on such factors as interest or dividend coverage, asset coverage, earnings prospects and the experience and managerial strength of the issuer.
The Fund may choose, at its expense or in conjunction with others, to pursue litigation or otherwise exercise its rights as a security holder to seek to protect the interest of security holders if it determines this to be in the best interest of the Fund.
Investments in high-yield debt obligations or other debt obligations that are at risk of, or are in, default present special tax issues for the Fund investing in or holding such securities. See Income Tax Considerations below.
Certificates of Deposit, Bankers Acceptances and Time Deposits. Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of Fund. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then accepted by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate.
U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government securities are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities. Some U.S. Government securities, such as U.S. Treasury bills, Treasury notes and Treasury bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others are supported by: (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, such as securities of the Federal Home Loan Banks; (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencys obligations, such as securities of the Federal National Mortgage Association or (iii) only the credit of the issuer, such as securities of the Student Loan Marketing Association. No
6
Table of Contents
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support in the future to U.S. Government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities that are not supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. To the extent the Fund invests in U.S. Government securities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, such investments may involve a greater risk of loss of principal and interest since the Fund must look principally or solely to the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality for repayment.
Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities include: (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities; and (ii) participation interests in loans made to foreign governments or other entities that are so guaranteed. The secondary market for certain of these participation interests is limited and, therefore, may be regarded as illiquid.
U.S. Treasury Bills. U.S. Treasury Bills are issued with maturities of up to one year. Three month bills are currently offered by the Treasury on a 13-week cycle and are auctioned each week by the Treasury. Bills are issued in bearer form only and are sold only on a discount basis, and the difference between the purchase price and the maturity value (or the resale price if they are sold before maturity) constitutes the interest income for the investor.
Mortgage-Related Securities. There are several risks associated with mortgage-related securities. One is that the monthly cash inflow from the underlying loans may not be sufficient to meet the monthly payment requirements of the mortgage-related security. Prepayment of principal by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures will shorten the term of the underlying mortgage pool for a mortgage-related security. Early returns of principal will affect the average life of the mortgage-related securities remaining in the Fund. The occurrence of mortgage prepayments is affected by factors including the level of interest rates, general economic conditions, the location and age of the mortgage and other social and demographic conditions. In periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgage-related securities. Conversely, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the average life of a pool. Reinvestment of prepayments may occur at higher or lower interest rates than the original investment, thus affecting the yield of the Fund. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, it is likely that the Fund will have to reinvest the proceeds of prepayments at lower interest rates than those at which the assets were previously invested. If this occurs, the Funds yield will correspondingly decline. Thus, mortgage-related securities may have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other fixed-income securities of comparable maturity, although these securities may have a comparable risk of decline in market value in periods of rising interest rates. To the extent that the Fund purchases mortgage-related securities at a premium, unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, will result in a loss equal to any unamortized premium.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) are obligations fully collateralized by a portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-related securities. Payments of principal and interest on the mortgages are passed through to the holders of the CMOs on the same schedule as they are received, although certain classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the Fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage-related securities may not be readily marketable. To the extent any of these securities are not readily marketable in the judgment of the Adviser, the Funds restrictions on investments in illiquid instruments will apply.
Zero Coupon Securities. Zero coupon U.S. Government securities are debt obligations that are issued or purchased at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the particular interest payment date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Zero coupon securities do not require the periodic payment of interest. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash. These investments may experience greater volatility in market value than U.S. Government securities that make regular payments of interest. The Fund accrues income on these investments for tax and accounting purposes, which must be distributed to shareholders in order to avoid taxation. Because no cash is received at the time of accrual, the Fund may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to satisfy the Funds distribution obligations (see Income Tax Considerations below), in which case the Fund will forego the
7
Table of Contents
purchase of additional income producing assets. Zero coupon securities include Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (STRIPS). STRIPS are securities underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain notes or bonds issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities. They also include Coupons Under Book Entry Safekeeping (CUBES), which are component parts of U.S. Treasury bonds and represent scheduled interest and principal payments on the bonds.
Custodial Receipts. Custodial receipts or certificates include Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities (CATS), Treasury Investment Growth Receipts (TIGRs) and Financial Corporation certificates (FICO Strips). CATS, TIGRs and FICO Strips are securities underwritten by securities dealers or banks that evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain notes or bonds issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities. The underwriters of these certificates or receipts purchase a U.S. Government security and deposit the security in an irrevocable Fund or custodial account with a custodian bank, which then issues receipts or certificates that evidence ownership of the periodic unmatured coupon payments and the final principal payment on the U.S. Government security. Custodial receipts evidencing specific coupon or principal payments have the same general attributes as zero coupon U.S. Government securities, described above. Although typically under the terms of a custodial receipt the Fund is authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligation, the Fund may be required to assert through the custodian bank such rights as may exist against the underlying issuer. Thus, if the underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, if the Fund or custodial account in which the underlying security has been deposited were determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying security would be reduced in respect of any taxes paid.
Loans and Other Direct Debt Instruments. These are instruments in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental or other borrower to another party. They may represent amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates (loans and loan participations), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other receivables) or to other parties. Direct debt instruments purchased by the Fund may have a maturity of any number of days or years, may be secured or unsecured, and may be of any credit quality. Direct debt instruments involve the risk of loss in the case of default or insolvency of the borrower. Direct debt instruments may offer less legal protection to the Fund in the event of fraud or misrepresentation. In addition, loan participations involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other financial intermediary. Direct debt instruments also may include standby financing commitments that obligate the Fund to supply additional cash to the borrower on demand at a time when the Fund would not have otherwise done so, even if the borrowers condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid.
Because loans are not ordinarily registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange, there is usually less publicly available information about such instruments. In addition, loans may not be considered securities for purposes of the anti-fraud provisions under the federal securities laws and, as a result, as a purchaser of these instruments, the Fund may not be entitled to the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws. In the course of investing in such instruments, the Fund may come into possession of material nonpublic information and, because of prohibitions on trading in securities of issuers while in possession of such information, the Fund may be unable to enter into a transaction in a publicly-traded security of that issuer when it would otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to do so. Alternatively, the Fund may choose not to receive material nonpublic information about an issuer of such loans, with the result that the Fund may have less information about such issuers than other investors who transact in such assets.
Illiquid Securities
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), securities that are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a maturity of longer than seven days. Securities that have not been registered under the 1933 Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Investment companies do not typically hold a significant amount of these restricted securities or other illiquid securities because of the potential
8
Table of Contents
for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and an investment company might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions within seven days. An investment company might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, which would result in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuers ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their liquidity.
| | Rule 144A Securities. The SEC has adopted Rule 144A, which allows a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on their resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a safe harbor from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act on resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. The Adviser will monitor the liquidity of Rule 144A securities in the Funds portfolio under the oversight of the Board. In reaching liquidity decisions, the Adviser will consider, among other things, the following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers and other potential purchasers wishing to purchase or sell the security; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer). |
The Fund may purchase securities in the United States that are not registered for sale under federal securities laws but which can be resold to institutions under Rule 144A or under an exemption from such laws. The Board, with advice and information from the Adviser will determine the liquidity of restricted securities or Rule 144A securities by looking at factors such as trading activity and the availability of reliable price information and, through reports from the Adviser, the Board will monitor trading activity in restricted securities. If institutional trading in restricted securities or Rule 144A securities were to decline, the Funds illiquidity could increase and the Fund could be adversely affected.
| | Section 4(a)(2) Commercial Paper. The Fund may invest in commercial paper issued in reliance on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper is restricted as to disposition under federal securities laws and is generally sold to institutional investors who agree that they are purchasing the paper for investment purposes and not with a view to public distribution. Any resale by the purchaser must be in an exempt transaction. Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper is normally resold to other institutional investors through or with the assistance of the issuer or investment dealers who make a market in Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper, thus providing liquidity. The Adviser believes that Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper and possibly certain other restricted securities that meet the criteria for liquidity established by the Board are quite liquid. The Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total assets in restricted securities (excluding Rule 144A securities). |
Borrowing and Lending
Borrowing. The Fund may borrow money from banks (including their custodian bank) or from other lenders to the extent permitted under applicable law. The 1940 Act requires the Fund maintain asset coverage of at least 300% for all such borrowings and 200% of the sum of the amount of preferred shares outstanding. The Fund will not make any borrowing that would cause its outstanding borrowings to exceed one-third of the value of its total assets. To reduce its borrowings, the Fund might be required to sell securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, because interest on money borrowed is the Fund expense that it would not otherwise incur, the Fund may have less net investment income during periods when its borrowings are substantial. The interest paid by the Fund on borrowings may be more or less than the yield on the securities purchased with borrowed funds, depending on prevailing market conditions. The Fund currently leverages through borrowings made by HFRO Sub, LLC under the Financing Arrangement with BAML. As of October 23, 2018, HFRO Sub, LLC had drawn $450 million under the Financing Arrangement and the Funds asset coverage ratio was 320%. On February 2, 2018, HFRO Sub, LLC a
9
Table of Contents
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund entered into Financing Arrangement with BAML. Pursuant to the terms of the Financing Arrangement, and subject to certain customary conditions, HFRO Sub, LLC may borrow on a revolving basis a maximum of $500 million. In connection with the Financing Arrangement, HFRO Sub, LLC and the Fund have made representations and warranties regarding the loans and underlying collateral and are required to comply with various covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements. The Facility also limits the recourse of the lender to the assets of HFRO Sub, LLC and includes usual and customary events of default for senior secured revolving facilities of this nature.
There can be no assurance that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed. In addition to any indebtedness incurred by the Fund and HFRO Sub, LLC, the REIT Subsidiary may also utilize leverage, including by mortgaging properties held by special purpose vehicles, or by acquiring property with existing debt. Any such borrowings will generally be the sole obligation of each respective special purpose vehicle, without any recourse to any other special purpose vehicle, the REIT Subsidiary, the Fund or its assets, and the Fund will not treat such non-recourse borrowings as senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on leverage unless the financial statements of the special purpose vehicle, or the subsidiary of the Fund that owns such special purpose vehicle, will be consolidated in accordance with Regulation S-X and other accounting rules. If cash flow is insufficient to pay principal and interest on a special purpose vehicles borrowings, a default could occur, ultimately resulting in foreclosure of any security instrument securing the debt and a complete loss of the investment, which could result in losses to the REIT Subsidiary and, therefore, to the Fund. To the extent that any subsidiaries of the Fund, including the REIT Subsidiary, directly incur leverage in the form of debt (as opposed to non-recourse borrowings made through special purpose vehicles), the amount of such recourse leverage used by the Fund and such subsidiaries, including the REIT Subsidiary, will be consolidated and treated as senior securities for purposes of complying with the 1940 Acts limitations on leverage by the Fund. Securities Loans. The Fund may seek additional income by making secured loans of its portfolio securities through its custodian, State Street Bank and Fund Company (State Street). Such loans will be in an amount not greater than one-third of the value of the Funds total assets. State Street will charge the Fund fees based on a percentage of the securities lending income. The Fund will receive collateral consisting of cash (U.S. and foreign currency), securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, sovereign debt, convertible bonds, irrevocable bank letters of credit or such other collateral as may be agreed on by the parties to a securities lending arrangement, initially with a value of 102% or 105% of the market value of the loaned securities and thereafter maintained at a value of 100% of the market value of the loaned securities. If the collateral consists of non-cash collateral, the borrower will pay the Fund a loan premium fee. If the collateral consists of cash, State Street will reinvest the cash. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund will recall the loaned securities upon reasonable notice in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the investment. The Fund also may call such loans in order to sell the securities involved.
The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delays in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund also bears the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline. Although the Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if holders of a loaned security are asked to vote upon or consent to material matters, the Fund bears the risk of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Funds ability to vote on such matters.
Securities lending also exposes the Fund to counterparty risk, as the borrower of the Funds securities may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal, interest, or settlement payments or otherwise honor its obligations. There can be no assurance that a counterparty will meet its obligations, especially during unusually adverse market conditions. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but the Fund may be unable to enforce its contractual rights.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
The Fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate (including loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating
10
Table of Contents
expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, variations in market value, adverse changes in the real estate markets generally or in specific sectors of the real estate industry and possible environmental liabilities), as well as additional risks discussed below.
REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). The Trust will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Trust. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to risks associated with such industry. REITs are often leveraged or invest in properties that are themselves leveraged, exposing them to the risks of leverage generally. Among other things, leverage will generally increase losses during periods of real estate market declines.
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REITs investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REITs investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REITs investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.
REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.
The Fund seeks to gain exposure to the real estate markets, in whole or in part, through investing in certain REIT subsidiaries of the Fund. The Fund invests in NFRO REIT Sub, LLC, organized under the laws of Delaware on March 29, 2018 (the REIT Subsidiary). The REIT Subsidiary intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT. The REIT Subsidiary is generally subject to the same investment policies and restrictions of the Trust. As of October 23, 2018, NFRO REIT Sub, LLC accounted for approximately 0.6% of the Funds net assets and approximately 0.4% of the Funds Managed Assets. The Adviser does not charge an additional fee on assets held in the REIT Subsidiary. The Fund intends to limit its investments in the REIT Subsidiary and related entities to the extent necessary to qualify as a regulated investment company (RIC) for tax purposes. In general, and subject to certain exceptions not applicable here, a RIC is not permitted to invest, including through corporations in which the RIC owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, more than 25% of its total assets in any one issuer, or in any two or more issuers which the taxpayer controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses.
Derivatives
The Fund may invest in various instruments that are commonly known as derivatives to any extent deemed by the Adviser to be in the best interest of the Fund, and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Generally, a derivative is a financial arrangement, the value of which is based on, or derived from, a traditional security, asset or market index. There are, in fact, many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. There is a range of risks associated with those uses. Futures and options are commonly used for traditional hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Fund from exposure to changing interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates and as a low cost method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without investing directly in those securities. However, some derivatives are used for leverage, which tends to magnify the effects of an instruments price changes as market conditions change. Leverage involves the use of a small amount of money to control a large amount of financial assets, and can in some circumstances lead to significant losses.
11
Table of Contents
In addition, the SEC recently proposed a rule under the 1940 Act regulating the use by registered investment companies of derivatives and many related instruments. That rule, if adopted as proposed, would, among other things, restrict the Funds ability to engage in derivatives transactions or so increase the cost of derivatives transactions that the Fund would be unable to implement its investment strategy.
Options. An option on a security is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option at a specified exercise or strike price.
The Fund may write (sell) covered call and put options (covered options) on stocks, securities, futures contracts, non-physical commodities, indices and foreign currencies in an attempt to increase income. When the Fund writes a covered call option, it gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at the price specified in the option (the exercise price) by exercising the option at any time during the option period. If the option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize income in an amount equal to the premium received for writing the option. If the option is exercised, a decision over which the Fund has no control, the Fund must sell the underlying security to the option holder at the exercise price. By writing a covered call option, the Fund foregoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission (net premium), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price.
When the Fund writes a covered put option, it gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security to the Fund at the specified exercise price at any time during the option period. If the option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize income in the amount of the premium received for writing the option. If the put option is exercised, a decision over which the Fund has no control, the Fund must purchase the underlying security from the option holder at the exercise price. By writing a covered put option, the Fund, in exchange for the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of the underlying security below the exercise price.
The Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option previously written. This transaction is called a closing purchase transaction. With respect to writing covered options, the Fund will realize a profit or loss for a closing purchase transaction if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more, as the case may be, than the amount received from the sale thereof. To close out a position as a purchaser of an option, the Fund may make a closing sale transaction which involves liquidating the Funds position by selling the option previously purchased. Where the Fund cannot effect a closing purchase transaction, it may be forced to incur brokerage commissions or dealer spreads in selling securities it receives or it may be forced to hold underlying securities until an option is exercised or expires.
When the Fund writes a call option, it will cover its obligation by owning and earmarking the underlying security or other assets on the books of the Funds custodian. When the Fund writes a put option, it will cover its obligation by earmarking assets at the Funds custodian.
The Fund may purchase call and put options on any securities in which it may invest. The Fund would normally purchase a call option in anticipation of an increase in the market value of such securities. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to purchase a security at a specified price during the option period. The Fund would ordinarily have an economic gain if the value of the securities increased above the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and would have an economic loss if the value of the securities remained at or below the exercise price during the option period.
The Fund would normally purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the market value of securities in its portfolio (protective puts) or securities of the type in which it is permitted to invest. The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell a security, which may or may not be held in the Funds portfolio, at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed merely to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Funds portfolio securities. Put options also may be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities which the Fund does not own. Upon exercise, the Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if the value of the securities
12
Table of Contents
decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and would realize a loss if the value of the securities remained at or above the exercise price. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of underlying portfolio securities.
Options on Securities Indices. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on securities indices listed on domestic and on foreign exchanges. Such options give the holder the right to receive a cash settlement during the term of the option based upon the difference between the exercise price and the value of the index. Options on securities indices entail risks in addition to the risks of options on securities. The absence of a liquid secondary market to close out options positions on securities indices is more likely to occur. Use of options on securities indices also entails the risk that trading in such options may be interrupted if trading in certain securities included in the index is interrupted.
Because options on securities indices require settlement in cash, the Adviser may be forced to liquidate portfolio securities to meet settlement obligations. When the Fund writes a put or call option on a securities index, it will cover the position by earmarking assets with the Funds custodian.
Options on Foreign Currencies. The Fund may write covered put and call options and purchase put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in the dollar value of portfolio securities and against increases in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired. For example, a decline in the dollar value of a foreign currency in which portfolio securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of such securities, even if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect against such diminutions in the value of portfolio securities, the Fund may purchase put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline, the Fund will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in dollars and will thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its portfolio which otherwise would have resulted.
Conversely, where a rise in the dollar value of a currency in which securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the cost of such securities, the Fund may purchase call options thereon. The purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the adverse movements in exchange rates. As in the case of other types of options, however, the benefit to the Fund derived from purchases of foreign currency options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction costs. In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, the Fund could sustain losses on transactions in foreign currency options that would require it to forego a portion or all of the benefits of advantageous changes in such rates.
As in the case of forward contracts, certain options on foreign currencies are traded over-the-counter and involve liquidity and credit risks that may not be present in the case of exchange-traded currency options. The Funds ability to terminate over-the-counter options (OTC Options) will be more limited than the exchange-traded options. It is also possible that broker-dealers participating in OTC Options transactions will not fulfill their obligations. Until such time as the staff of the SEC changes its position, the Fund will treat purchased OTC Options and assets used to cover written OTC Options as illiquid securities. With respect to options written with primary dealers in U.S. Government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing purchase transaction at a formula price, the amount of illiquid securities may be calculated with reference to the repurchase formula.
Forward Currency Contracts. Because, when investing in foreign securities, the Fund buys and sells securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and receives interest, dividends and sale proceeds in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the Fund from time to time may enter into forward currency transactions to convert to and from different foreign currencies and to convert foreign currencies to and from the U.S. dollar. The Fund either enters into these transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or uses forward currency contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies.
A forward currency contract is an obligation by the Fund to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract. Forward currency contracts establish an exchange rate at a future date. These contracts are transferable in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward currency contract generally has no deposit requirement and is traded at a net price without commission. The Fund earmarks liquid securities at its custodian in an amount at least equal to its obligations under each forward currency contract. Neither spot transactions nor forward currency contracts eliminate fluctuations in the prices of the Funds securities or in foreign exchange rates, or prevent loss if the prices of these securities should decline.
13
Table of Contents
The Fund may enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in an attempt to protect against changes in foreign currency exchange rates between the trade and settlement dates of specific securities transactions or changes in foreign currency exchange rates that would adversely affect a portfolio position or an anticipated investment position. Although these transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized should the value of the hedged currency increase. The precise matching of the forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of such securities between the date the forward currency contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
While these contracts are not presently regulated by the CFTC, the CFTC may in the future assert authority to regulate forward currency contracts. In such event the Funds ability to utilize forward currency contracts may be restricted. Forward currency contracts may reduce the potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into such contracts. The use of forward currency contracts may not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying U.S. dollar equivalent value of the prices of or rates of return on the Funds foreign currency denominated portfolio securities and the use of such techniques will subject the Fund to certain risks.
The matching of the increase in value of a forward currency contract and the decline in the U.S. dollar equivalent value of the foreign currency denominated asset that is the subject of the hedge generally will not be precise. In addition, the Fund may not always be able to enter into forward currency contracts at attractive prices and this will limit the Funds ability to use such contract to hedge or cross-hedge its assets. Also, with regard to the Funds use of cross-hedges, there can be no assurance that historical correlations between the movements of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar will continue. Thus, at any time poor correlation may exist between movements in the exchange rates of the foreign currencies underlying the Funds cross-hedges and the movements in the exchange rates of the foreign currencies in which the Funds assets that are the subject of such cross-hedges are denominated.
Futures Contracts and Related Options. To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Fund may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, individual equity securities, securities indices, interest rates, currencies, non-physical commodities and inflation indices. The sale of a futures contract creates an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specified future time for a specified price. At the time a futures contract is purchased or sold, the Fund must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment (initial margin). It is expected that the initial margin that the Fund will pay may range from approximately 1% to approximately 5% of the value of the securities or commodities underlying the contract. In certain circumstances, however, such as periods of high volatility, the Fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment. Certain futures contracts are physically settled (i.e., involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). Some futures contracts, however, are cash settled, which means that the purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract.
Options on futures contracts are similar to options on securities except that an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put).
Futures contracts and related options involve costs and may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract or related option. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security, currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged is different than the instrument underlying the futures
14
Table of Contents
contract, such as when a futures contract on one security or commodity is used to hedge a different security or commodity or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated in another currency. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or anticipated position) intended to be protected, the Fund may realize a loss on the futures contract and/or on the portfolio position intended to be protected. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract approaches. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract.
The Funds ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to utilize these instruments effectively. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures or option on a futures contract position, and that Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day.
The Fund that purchases or sells a futures contract is only required to deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant regulations and the rules of the contract market. Because the purchase of a futures contract obligates the Fund to purchase the underlying security or other instrument at a set price on a future date, the Funds net asset value will fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument as if it were already in the Funds portfolio. Futures transactions have the effect of investment leverage to the extent the Fund does not maintain liquid assets equal to the face amount of the contract. If the Fund combines short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the Fund will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.
Other Investment Policies
Swap Agreements. To help enhance the value of their portfolio or manage their exposure to different types of investments, the Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, interest rate, currency and mortgage swap agreements and may purchase and sell interest rate caps, floors and collars.
In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) on different currencies, securities, baskets of currencies or securities, indices or other instruments, which returns are calculated with respect to a notional value, (i.e., the designated reference amount of exposure to the underlying instruments). The Fund intend to enter into swaps primarily on a net basis, i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. If the other party to a swap contract entered into on net basis defaults, the Funds risk of loss will consist of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Funds obligations over its entitlements will be maintained in a segregated account by the Funds custodian. The Fund will not enter into swap agreements unless the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is considered to be an acceptable credit risk to the Fund by the Adviser. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. Swap instruments are not exchange-listed securities and may be traded only in the over-the-counter market.
In a typical interest rate swap agreement, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating interest rate on a specified amount (the notional principal amount) in return for payments equal to a fixed interest rate on the same amount for a specified period. If a swap agreement provides for payment in different currencies, the parties may also agree to exchange the notional principal amount. Mortgage swap agreements are similar to interest rate swap agreements, except that notional principal amount is tied to a reference pool of mortgages. In a cap or floor, one party agrees, usually in return for a fee, to make payments under particular circumstances. For example, the purchaser of an interest rate cap has the right to receive payments to the extent a specified interest rate exceeds an agreed level; the purchaser of an interest rate floor has the right to receive payments to the extent a specified interest rate falls below an agreed level. A collar entitles the purchaser to receive payments to the extent a specified interest rate falls outside an agreed range.
15
Table of Contents
Investments in swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments. Use of swaps subjects the Fund to risk of default by the counterparty. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction although contractual remedies may not be sufficient in the event the counterparty is insolvent. However, the swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in the interbank market. Swap agreements are sophisticated financial instruments that typically involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of risks assumed. Swaps may involve leverage and can be highly volatile and may have a considerable impact on the Funds performance, as the potential gain or loss on any swap transaction is not necessarily subject to any fixed limit. Swaps may also be considered illiquid.
The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements. The buyer in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default on an underlying reference obligation has occurred. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the reference obligation in exchange for the reference obligation. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, the Fund loses its investment and recovers nothing. However, if an event of default occurs, the buyer receives full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, the Fund receives income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between six months and three years, provided that there is no default event.
Credit default swap agreements are subject to greater risk than direct investment in the reference obligation. Like all swap agreements, credit default swaps are subject to liquidity, credit and counterparty risks. A buyer in a credit default swap contract will lose its investment and recover nothing should no event of default occur. If an event of default were to occur, the value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the seller. In addition, collateral posting requirements are individually negotiated and there is no regulatory requirement that a counterparty post collateral to secure its obligations under a credit default swap. Furthermore, there is no requirement that a party be informed in advance when a credit default swap agreement is sold. Accordingly, the Fund may have difficulty identifying the party responsible for payment of its claims. The notional value of credit default swaps with respect to a particular investment is often larger than the total par value of such investment outstanding and, in event of a default, there may be difficulties in making the required deliveries of the reference investments, possibly delaying payments.
The market for credit default swaps has become more volatile recently as the creditworthiness of certain counterparties has been questioned and/or downgraded. If a counterpartys credit becomes significantly impaired, multiple requests for collateral posting in a short period of time could increase the risk that the Fund may not receive adequate collateral. The Fund generally may exit its obligations under a credit default swap only by terminating the contract and paying applicable breakage fees, or by entering into an offsetting credit default swap position, which may cause the Fund to incur more losses. If the Fund uses credit default swaps to leverage its portfolio, it will be exposed to additional risks, including the risk that the Funds use of leverage will magnify the effect of any losses the Fund incurs since if an event of default occurs the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligation.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments. The Fund may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of interests in Senior Loans and other portfolio securities, including on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis in excess of customary settlement periods for the type of security involved. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring (i.e., a when, as and if issued security). When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment and delivery taking place in the future, generally a month or more after the date of the commitment. While the Fund will only enter into a forward commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the security, the Fund may sell the security before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable. Securities purchased by the Fund under a forward commitment are subject
16
Table of Contents
to market fluctuation, and no interest (or dividends) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. For forward commitments that are cash settled, the Fund will designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such commitments.
Purchases of securities on a forward commitment basis may involve more risk than other types of purchases. Securities purchased on a forward commitment basis and the securities held in the Funds portfolio are subject to changes in value based upon the publics perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment basis can involve the risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher or lower than those obtained in the transaction itself. On the settlement date of the forward commitment transaction, the Fund will meet its obligations from then available cash flow, sale of securities reserved for payment of the commitment, sale of other securities or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from sale of the forward commitment securities themselves (which may have a value greater or lesser than the Funds payment obligations). The sale of securities to meet such obligations may result in the realization of capital gains or losses. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment basis can also involve the risk of default by the other party on its obligation, delaying or preventing the Fund from recovering the collateral or completing the transaction.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements without limitation as part of its investment strategy. A repurchase agreement is a purchase of, and a simultaneous commitment to resell, a financial instrument at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon date. When participating in repurchase agreements, the Fund buys securities from a seller (e.g., a bank or brokerage firm) with the agreement that the seller will repurchase the securities at the agreed-upon price at a later date. Repurchase agreements may also be viewed as loans made by the Fund that are collateralized by the securities subject to repurchase. Such transactions afford an opportunity for the Fund to earn a return on available liquid assets at minimal market risk, although the Fund may be subject to various delays and risks of loss if the counterparty is unable to meet its obligation to repurchase. If the counterparty to a repurchase agreement defaults on its repurchase obligation pursuant to the repurchase agreement, the Fund may lose money to the extent proceeds from the sale of collateral are less than the repurchase price. If the member bank or member firm that is the party to the repurchase agreement petitions for bankruptcy or otherwise becomes subject to the Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled and the Funds realization upon the collateral may be delayed or limited. The Adviser will evaluate the creditworthiness of the repurchase agreement counterparties with whom the Fund does business and will monitor their creditworthiness during the period of any repurchase agreement.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to securities held by the Fund that could otherwise be sold by the Fund. In a reverse repurchase agreement the Fund sells a security held by the Fund and simultaneously obtains the commitment of the purchaser (typically, a commercial bank or a broker or dealer) to sell the security back to the Fund at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon date. The Fund will maintain cash or liquid securities in an amount sufficient to cover its obligations with respect to reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund receives payment for such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer by its custodian. Regulations of the SEC require that, if securities are sold by the Fund under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market value of such agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowings of money by the Fund and as such would be subject to the restrictions on issuing senior securities described below under Investment Restrictions.
Reverse repurchase agreements could involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the counterparty, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Funds ability to dispose of the proceeds of the sale received from the counterparty. An additional risk is that the market value of securities sold by the Fund under a reverse repurchase agreement could decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase them.
Euro-Related Risk. The global economic crisis brought several small economies in Europe to the brink of bankruptcy and many other economies into recession and weakened the banking and financial sectors of many European countries. For example, the governments of Greece, Spain, Portugal, and the Republic of Ireland have all experienced large public budget deficits, the effects of which are still yet unknown and may slow the overall recovery of the European economies from the global economic crisis. In addition, due to large public deficits, some
17
Table of Contents
European countries may be dependent on assistance from other European governments and institutions or other central banks or supranational agencies such as the International Monetary Fund. Assistance may be dependent on a countrys implementation of reforms or reaching a certain level of performance. Failure to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deep economic downturn which could significantly affect the value of the Funds European investments.
The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU) is comprised of the European Union members that have adopted the euro currency. By adopting the euro as its currency, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary policies implemented by the EMU and European Central Bank. The euro currency may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally.
It is possible that one or more EMU member countries could abandon the euro and return to a national currency and/or that the euro will cease to exist as a single currency in its current form. The effects of such an abandonment or a countrys forced expulsion from the euro on that country, the rest of the EMU, and global markets are impossible to predict, but are likely to be negative. The exit of any country out of the euro may have an extremely destabilizing effect on other eurozone countries and their economies and a negative effect on the global economy as a whole. Such an exit by one country may also increase the possibility that additional countries may exit the euro should they face similar financial difficulties. In addition, in the event of one or more countries exit from the euro, it may be difficult to value investments denominated in euros or in a replacement currency.
On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom approved a referendum to leave the European Union. On March 29, 2017 the United Kingdom invoked Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty which gives the United Kingdom and the European Union two years to agree to the terms of the United Kingdoms exit. The United Kingdom is currently scheduled to leave the European Union on Friday March 29, 2019. While the United Kingdom is not a part of the euro currency system, significant uncertainty remains in the market regarding the ramifications of that development, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic and market outcomes are difficult to predict.
Emerging and Developing Markets. The Fund may invest without limitation in emerging market countries. Such investment may be denominated in U.S. dollars, non-U.S. currencies or multinational currency units.
Investing in emerging or developing market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: greater risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the Funds ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging techniques in certain emerging and developing market countries; the fact that companies in emerging and developing market countries may be smaller, less seasoned, and newly organized companies; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; the risk that it may be more difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging or developing market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging and developing market countries.
Money Market Instruments. The Fund may invest in money market instruments. Money market securities are high-quality, dollar-denominated, short-term instruments. They consist of (i) bankers acceptances, certificates of deposit, notes and time deposits of highly-rated U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks; (ii) U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government;
18
Table of Contents
(iii) high-quality commercial paper issued by U.S. foreign corporations; (iv) debt obligations with a maturity of one year or less issued by corporations with outstanding high-quality commercial paper ratings; and (v) repurchase agreements involving any of the foregoing obligations entered into with highly-rated banks and broker-dealers.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities may offer higher income than the common stocks into which they are convertible and include fixed-income or zero coupon debt securities, which may be converted or exchanged at a stated or determinable exchange ratio into underlying shares of common stock. Prior to their conversion, convertible securities may have characteristics similar to both non-convertible debt securities and equity securities. While convertible securities generally offer lower yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar quality, their prices may reflect changes in the value of the underlying common stock. Convertible securities entail less credit risk than the issuers common stock.
Asset Coverage. To assure that the Funds use of futures and related options, as well as when issued and delayed-delivery transactions, forward currency contracts and swap transactions, are not used to achieve investment leverage, the Fund will cover such transactions, as required under applicable SEC interpretations, either by owning the underlying securities or by earmarking liquid securities with its custodian in an amount at all times equal to or exceeding the Funds commitment with respect to these instruments or contracts.
Warrants and Rights. Warrants are options to purchase equity securities at a specified price and are valid for a specific time period. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have a short duration and are distributed by the issuer to its shareholders. The Fund may purchase warrants and rights, provided that the Fund presently does not intend to invest more than 20% of its net assets at the time of purchase in warrants and rights other than those that have been acquired in units or attached to other securities.
Short-Term Trading. Short-term trading involves the selling of securities held for a short time, ranging from several months to less than a day. The object of such short-term trading is to increase the potential for capital appreciation and/or income of the Fund in order to take advantage of what the Adviser believes are changes in market, industry or individual company conditions or outlook. Any such trading would increase the turnover rate of the Fund and its transaction costs, and could result in higher taxes for shareholders if Fund shares are held in a taxable account.
Short Selling. Short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is a strategy in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short from a broker-dealer and deliver it to the buyer upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee to borrow a security and is often obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividend or interest that accrues on the security during the period of the loan. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss.
The Fund may sell a security short if it owns at least an equal amount of the security sold short or another security convertible or exchangeable for an equal amount of the security sold short without payment of further compensation (a short sale against-the-box). The Fund also may engage in short sales that are not against-the-box, and will be subject to additional risks to the extent that it engages in short sales that are not against-the-box. The Funds loss on a short sale could be unlimited in cases where the Fund is unable, for whatever reason, to close out its short position.
Short sales by the Fund that are not made against-the-box (that is when the Fund has an offsetting long position in the asset that is selling short) involve unlimited loss potential since the market price of securities sold short may continuously increase. When the Fund engages in a short sale on a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the counterparty. The Fund will ordinarily have to pay a fee or premium to borrow particular securities and be obligated to repay the lender of the security any dividends or interest that accrue on the security during the period of the loan. The amount of any gain from a short sale will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund pays in connection with the short sale. Short selling allows the Fund to profit from declines in market prices to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities. However, since the borrowed securities must be replaced by purchases at market prices in order to close out the short position, any appreciation in the price of the
19
Table of Contents
borrowed securities would result in a loss. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. The Fund may mitigate such losses by replacing the securities sold short before the market price has increased significantly. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. See Income Tax Considerations below for special tax considerations associated with engaging in short sales.
Micro Cap Securities. The Fund may invest in companies whose total market capitalization at the time of investment is generally between $30 million and $500 million, referred to as micro cap companies. Micro cap companies may not be well-known to the investing public, may not have significant institutional ownership and may have cyclical, static or only moderate growth prospects. Micro cap companies may have greater risk and volatility than large companies and may lack the management depth of larger, mature issuers. Micro cap companies may have relatively small revenues and limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, and their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than those of larger, more mature companies. In addition, micro cap companies may be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. As a result, the prices of their securities may fluctuate more than those of larger issuers.
Securities of Other Investment Companies. Such investments are subject to limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act unless an SEC exemption is applicable or as may be permitted by rules under the 1940 Act or SEC staff interpretations thereof. The 1940 Act limitations currently provide, in part, that the Fund may not purchase shares of an investment company if (a) such a purchase would cause the Fund to own in the aggregate more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the investment company; (b) such a purchase would cause the Fund to have more than 5% of its total assets invested in the investment company; or (c) more than 10% of the Funds total assets would be invested in the aggregate in all investment companies. The Fund may invest in excess of the foregoing limitations in an exchange traded fund (ETF) that is not part of the same group of investment companies (e.g., an unaffiliated ETF) if the ETF has obtained exemptive relief from the SEC and both the ETF and the Fund adhere to the conditions in the exemptive relief.
The Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by the Adviser or its affiliates, including ETFs, to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC. These investment companies typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Fund. The Funds purchase of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses, such that shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying Fund expenses.
Privately-Placed Securities. The Fund may invest in securities that are neither listed on a stock exchange nor traded over-the-counter, including privately placed securities. Investing in such unlisted securities, including investments in new and early stage companies, may involve a high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund, or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Further, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that might be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration.
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The Fund may invest in IPOs. An IPO presents the risk that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transactions costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When the Funds asset base is small, a significant portion of the Funds performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund. As the Funds assets grow, the effect of the Funds investments in IPOs on the Funds performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Funds performance. Because of the price volatility of IPO shares, the Fund may choose to hold IPO
20
Table of Contents
shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of the Fund and may lead to increased expenses to the Fund, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling IPO shares, the Fund may realize taxable gains it will subsequently distribute to shareholders. In addition, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able to obtain allocable portions of IPO shares. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Fund to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Investors in IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders.
The Funds investments in IPO shares may include the securities of unseasoned companies (companies with less than three years of continuous operations), which present risks considerably greater than common stocks of more established companies. These companies may have limited operating histories and their prospects for profitability may be uncertain. These companies may be involved in new and evolving businesses and may be vulnerable to competition and changes in technology, markets and economic conditions. They may be more dependent on key managers and third parties and may have limited products.
Operating Deficits. The expenses of operating the Fund (including the fees payable to the Adviser) may exceed its income, thereby requiring that the difference be paid out of the Funds capital, reducing the Funds investments and potential for profitability.
Accuracy of Public Information. The Adviser selects investments for the Fund, in part, on the basis of information and data filed by issuers with various government regulators or made directly available to the Adviser by the issuers or through sources other than the issuers. Although the Adviser evaluates all such information and data and ordinarily seeks independent corroboration when the Adviser considers it appropriate and when such corroboration is reasonably available, the Adviser is not in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data.
Trading Limitations. For all securities listed on a securities exchange, including options listed on a public exchange, the exchange generally has the right to suspend or limit trading under certain circumstances. Such suspensions or limits could render certain strategies difficult to complete or continue and subject the Fund to loss. Also, such a suspension could render it impossible for the Adviser to liquidate positions and thereby expose the Fund to potential losses. Finally, to the extent that advisory personnel of the Adviser acquire material non-public information in the course of service on the board of directors or creditors committee of a company, the Fund may be prevented from buying or selling securities of that company.
Risks of Interest Only Mortgage-Backed Securities. Interest only mortgage-backed securities present a heightened risk of total loss of investment.
Risks of Inverse Floaters. As interest rates rise, inverse floaters produce less current income. A change in prevailing interest rates will often result in a greater change in the interest rate paid by an inverse floater. As a result, inverse floaters may have a greater degree of volatility than other types of interest-bearing securities of similar credit quality.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
The Trusts annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year. Although the Trust cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is not expected to exceed 100% under normal circumstances. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 the portfolio turnover rate was 177% and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017 the portfolio turnover rate was 63%. The conversion to a closed-end fund and use of leverage drove an increase in portfolio turnover from the prior year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Trust. There are no limits on the rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when the Trusts investment strategy so dictates. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Trust. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Trust which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. See Tax Matters.
21
Table of Contents
The fundamental investment restrictions below may be changed only with the approval of a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. A vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund means the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. Except for investment restrictions designated as fundamental in the Funds Prospectus or in this SAI, the investment policies described in this Prospectus or the Funds SAI are not fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval. If a percentage policy set forth in the Prospectus or one of the following percentage investment restrictions is adhered to at the time a security is purchased, later changes in a percentage will not be considered a violation of the policy or restriction unless any excess or deficiency exists immediately after and as a result of such purchase or pertains to the Funds limitations on borrowing.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The following investment restrictions are fundamental policies and, as such, may not be changed without the approval of a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities. The Fund may not:
| 1. | Purchase any security that would cause the Fund to concentrate (invest 25% or more of its total assets) in securities of issuers primarily engaged in any particular industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities). For purposes of this restriction, senior loans and loan participations will be considered investments in the industry of the underlying borrower, rather than that of any agent that administers the senior loan or the seller of the loan participation; |
| 2. | Issue senior securities or borrow in excess of the amounts permitted by the 1940 Act1; |
| 3. | Underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Fund, in disposing of Fund securities, may be deemed an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act; |
| 4. | Purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund may (a) invest in securities or other instruments directly or indirectly secured by real estate, (b) invest in securities or other instruments issued by issuers that invest in real estate, and (c) hold for prompt sale, real estate or interests in real estate to which it may gain an ownership interest through the forfeiture of collateral securing loans or debt securities held by it; |
| 5. | Purchase or sell commodities or commodity contracts, but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling and entering into financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates and currencies), options on financial futures contracts (including futures contracts on indices of securities, interest rates and currencies), warrants, swaps, forward contracts, foreign currency spot and forward contracts or other derivative instruments that are not related to physical commodities; and |
| 6. | Lend any property or make any loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be loaned to other parties (including the value of collateral received for loans of portfolio securities), but this limitation does not apply to the purchase of debt securities and other Senior Loans in which it is authorized to invest in accordance with its investment objective and policies or to repurchase agreements. |
For purposes of fundamental investment restriction number 5 above, at the time of the establishment of the restriction, swap contracts on financial instruments or rates were not within the understanding of the terms commodities or commodity contracts, and notwithstanding any federal legislation or regulatory action by the CFTC that subject such swaps to regulation by the CFTC, the Fund will not consider such instruments to be commodities or commodity contracts for purposes of this restriction.
| 1 | Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not issue senior securities or borrow in excess of 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets (after giving effect to any such borrowing), which amount excludes borrowing for temporary purposes and in an amount not more than 5% of the Funds total assets at the time borrowing is made. |
22
Table of Contents
For assets invested in senior loans and loan participations where the Fund does not assume a contractual lending relationship with the borrower, the Fund will treat both the financial intermediary and the ultimate borrower as issuers when applying the Funds industry concentration policy.
Non-Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental investment restrictions and policies that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. The Fund may not:
| 1. | Acquire securities of investment companies that are not part of the same group of investment companies (other investment companies), except as permitted by applicable law (currently under the 1940 Act, in addition to any investments permitted by exemptive relief, the Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in the aggregate in shares of other investment companies and up to 5% of its total assets in any one other investment company, provided that any investment does not result in the Fund owning more than 3% of the voting stock of the acquired investment company at the time such shares are purchased); or |
| 2. | Borrow on margin, notwithstanding fundamental investment restriction number 2, unless such activity is permitted by applicable law. |
Other Information. The following commentary is intended to help investors better understand the meaning of the Funds fundamental policies by briefly describing limitations, if any, imposed by the 1940 Act. References to the 1940 Act below may encompass rules, regulations or orders issued by the SEC and, to the extent deemed appropriate by the Fund, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff. These descriptions are intended as brief summaries of such limitations as of the date of this SAI; they are not comprehensive and they are qualified in all cases by reference to the 1940 Act (including any rules, regulations or orders issued by the SEC and any relevant interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff). These descriptions are subject to change based on evolving guidance by the appropriate regulatory authority and are not part of the Funds fundamental policies.
The 1940 Act currently permits an investment company to borrow money from a bank so long as immediately after any such borrowing the ratio that the value of the total assets of the investment company (including the amount of any such borrowing), less the amount of all liabilities and indebtedness (other than such borrowing) of the investment company, bears to the amount of such borrowing is at least 300%. A lender to the Fund may require that the Fund pledge its assets as collateral. If the Fund were to default on a loan secured by pledged assets, the lender would be entitled to foreclose on and dispose of the pledged assets, but the lender could retain only the amount of assets (or the disposition proceeds of such assets) necessary to pay off the defaulted loan.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not issue senior securities or borrow in excess of 33 1/3% of the Funds total assets (after giving effect to any such borrowing), which amount excludes borrowing for temporary purposes and in an amount not more than 5% of the Funds total assets at the time the borrowing for temporary purposes is made and may not use leverage in the form of preferred shares in excess of 50% of the Funds total assets (including the amount borrowed.
The percentage limitations in the restriction listed above apply at the time of purchases of securities and a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in value of net assets, or in any ratings, will not be deemed to result in a violation of the restriction, except that the limit on borrowing described herein is applied on a continual basis. As a general matter, the Adviser relies on the industry classifications provided by the Morgan Stanley Capital International/Standard & Poors Global Industry Classification Standard. An industry is considered to be a group of companies whose principal activities, products or services offered give them a similar economic risk profile vis à vis issuers active in other sectors of the economy. The definition of what constitutes a particular industry is therefore an evolving one. Some issuers could reasonably fall within more than one industry category. To the extent that the Global Industry Classification Standard classifications are so broad that the primary economic characteristics in a single class are materially different, the Fund may further classify issuers in accordance with industry classifications as published by the SEC or relevant SEC staff interpretations. The Fund may change any source used for determining industry classifications without prior shareholder notice or approval.
23
Table of Contents
Expedited Settlement Agreement. The Fund has entered into an Expedited Settlement Agreement with a major dealer in the floating rate loan market, pursuant to which the Fund has the right to designate certain loans it sells to the dealer to settle on or prior to three days from the trade date in exchange for a quarterly fee (the Agreement). This Agreement is designed to reduce settlement times from the standard seven days to three days for eligible loans.
While the agreement is intended to provide the Fund with additional liquidity with respect to such loans, and may not represent the exclusive method of expedited settlement of such loans, no assurance can be given that the Agreement or other methods for expediting settlements will provide the Fund with sufficient liquidity in the event of abnormally large redemptions.
The Board provides broad oversight of the operations and affairs of the Fund and protects the interests of shareholders. The Board has overall responsibility to manage and control the business affairs of the Fund, including the complete and exclusive authority to establish policies regarding the management, conduct and operation of the Funds business. The names and birthdates of the Trustees and officers of the Fund, the year each was first elected or appointed to office, their principal business occupations during the last five years, the number of funds overseen by each Trustee and other directorships or trusteeships they hold are shown below. The business address for each Trustee and officer of the Fund is c/o Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P., 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201.
| Name and Date of Birth |
Position(s) with the Trust |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustees2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for Board Membership | ||||||
| INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES | ||||||||||||
| Timothy K. Hui (6/13/1948) |
Trustee | Indefinite Term; Trustee since inception in 2006. | Dean of Educational Resources Emeritus and Special Assistant to the President at Cairn University since July 2018; Dean of Educational Resources at Cairn University from July 2012 until June 2018 and from July 2006 to January 2008. | 25 | None | Significant experience on this board of directors/trustees; administrative and managerial experience; legal training and practice. | ||||||
24
Table of Contents
| Bryan A. Ward (2/4/1955) |
Trustee | Indefinite Term; Trustee since inception in 2006. | Private Investor, BW Consulting, LLC since 2014; Senior Manager, Accenture, LLP (a consulting firm) from 2002 until retirement in 2014. | 25 | Director of Equity Metrix, LLC. | Significant experience on this and/or other boards of directors/trustees; significant managerial and executive experience; significant experience as a management consultant. | ||||||
| Dr. Bob Froehlich (4/28/1953) |
Trustee | Indefinite Term; Trustee since December 2013. | Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Strategist, The Hartford Mutual Funds from 2009 until retirement in 2012. | 25 | Trustee of ARC Realty Finance Trust, Inc. (from January 2013 to May 2016); Director of KC Concessions, Inc. (since January 2013); Trustee of Realty Capital Income Funds Trust (from January 2014 to December 2016); Director of American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust II (from January 2013 to June 2016); Director, American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc. (from November 2012 to July 2016); Director of AmericanSports Enterprise, Inc. (since January 2013); Director of Davidson Investment Advisors (July 2009 to July 2016); Chairman and owner, Kane County Cougars Baseball Club (since January 2013); Advisory Board of Directors, Internet Connectivity Group, Inc. (January 2014 to April 2016); Director of AXAR Acquisition Corp. (formerly AR Capital Acquisition Corp.) (from October 2014 to October 2017); Director of The Midwest League of Professional Baseball Clubs, Inc.; Director of Kane County Cougars Foundation, Inc.; Director of Galen Robotics, Inc.; Chairman and Director of FC Global Realty, Inc. (from May 2017 to June 2018); and Chairman and Director of First Capital Investment Corp. (from March 2017 until March 2018). | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience; significant experience on other boards of directors, including as a member of several audit committees. | ||||||
25
Table of Contents
| John Honis3 (6/16/1958) |
Trustee | Indefinite Term; Trustee since July 2013. | President of Rand Advisors, LLC since August 2013; Partner of Highland Capital Management, L.P. (HCM) from February 2007 until his resignation in November 2014. | 25 | Manager of Turtle Bay Resort, LLC; and Manager of American Home Patient (from November 2011 to February 2016). | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience, including experience as president, chief executive officer or chief restructuring officer of five telecommunication firms; experience on other boards of directors/trustees. |
26
Table of Contents
| Ethan Powell4 (6/20/1975) |
Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Indefinite Term; Trustee since December 2013; Chairman of the Board since December 2013; and Executive Vice President and Principal Executive Officer from June 2012 until December 2015. | President and Founder of Impact Shares LLC since December 2015; Trustee/Director of the Highland Fund Complex from June 2012 until July 2013 and since December 2013; Chief Product Strategist of Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. (HCMFA) from 2012 until December 2015; Senior Retail Fund Analyst of HCM from 2007 until December 2015 and HCMFA from its inception until December 2015; President and Principal Executive Officer of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund (NHF) from June 2012 until May 2015; Secretary of NHF from May 2015 until December 2015; Executive Vice President and Principal Executive Officer of Highland Funds I (HFI) and Highland Funds II (HFII) from June 2012 until December 2015; and Secretary of HFI and HFII from November 2010 to May 2015. | 25 | Trustee of Impact Shares Funds I Trust | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant executive experience including past service as an officer of funds in the Highland Fund Complex; significant administrative and managerial experience. |
27
Table of Contents
| Name and Date of Birth |
Position(s) with the Trust |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustees2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for Board Membership | ||||||
| INTERESTED TRUSTEE | ||||||||||||
| Dustin Norris5 (1/6/1984) |
Trustee and Secretary | Indefinite Term; Trustee since February 2018; and Secretary since October 2017. | President of Highland Capital Funds Distributor, Inc. since April 2018; Head of Distribution at HCMFA since November 2017; Secretary of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (HFRO), Highland Global Allocation Fund (GAF), HFI and HFII since October 2017; Assistant Secretary of HFRO and GAF from August 2017 to October 2017; Chief Product Strategist at HCMFA since September 2015; Director of Product Strategy at HCMFA from May 2014 to September 2015; Assistant Secretary of HFI and HFII from March 2017 to October 2017; Secretary of NHF since December 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; Assistant Treasurer of HFI and HFII from November 2012 to March 2017; Assistant Treasurer of NHF from November 2012 to December 2015; Secretary of NexPoint Capital, Inc. since 2014; Secretary of NexPoint Real Estate Strategies Fund, NexPoint Strategic Income Fund, NexPoint Energy and Materials Opportunities Fund, NexPoint Discount Strategies Fund, NexPoint Healthcare Opportunities Fund, NexPoint Event-Driven Fund and NexPoint Latin American Opportunities Fund (the Interval Funds) since March 2016; and Senior Accounting Manager at HCMFA from August 2012 to May 2014. | 25 | None | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience, including experience as an officer of the Highland Funds Complex since 2012. | ||||||
28
Table of Contents
OFFICERS
| Name and Date of Birth |
Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | |||
| Trey Parker (1/27/1976) |
Executive Vice President | Indefinite Term; Executive Vice President since September 2017. | Executive Vice President of HCMFA, NexPoint Advisors, L.P., HFI, HFII, HFRO and GAF since September 2017, Assistant Secretary of Highland Restoration Capital Partners GP, LLC since September 2017; Assistant Secretary of Highland SunBridge GP, LLC since December 2015; Director of CCS Medical, Inc. since August 2018; Assistant Secretary of HCM since August 2015; Director of JHT Holdings, Inc. since August 2013; Director of TerreStar Corporation since March 2013; Director of OmniMax International, Inc. since March 2012; and Secretary of Granite Bay Advisors, L.P. since February 2012. | |||
| Frank Waterhouse (4/14/1971) |
Treasurer; Principal Accounting Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite Term; Treasurer since May 2015. Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer since October 2017. Principal Executive Officer since February 2018. |
Principal Executive Officer of HFI, HFII, HFRO and GAF since February 2018; Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer of HFRO, GAF, NexPoint Capital, Inc., NHF, HFI, HFII, and NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since October 2017; Treasurer of HFRO and GAF since August 2017; Assistant Treasurer of Acis Capital Management, L.P. from December 2011 until February 2012; Treasurer of Acis Capital Management, L.P. since February 2012; Assistant Treasurer of HCM from November 2011 until April 2012; Treasurer of HCM since April 2012; Assistant Treasurer of HCMFA from December 2011 until October 2012; Treasurer of HCMFA since October 2012; Treasurer of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. since March 2012 and Treasurer of NexPoint Capital, Inc., NHF, HFI, HFII, and NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; and Treasurer of the Interval Funds since March 2016. | |||
29
Table of Contents
| Clifford Stoops (11/17/1970) |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Assistant Treasurer since March 2017. | Assistant Treasurer of HFRO and GAF since August 2017; Assistant Treasurer of HFI, HFII, NHF, NexPoint Capital, Inc. and the Interval Funds since March 2017; and Chief Accounting Officer at HCM since December 2011. | |||
| Jason Post (1/7/1979) |
Chief Compliance Officer | Indefinite Term; Chief Compliance Officer since August 2017. | Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of HFRO and GAF since August 2017; Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of HFI, HFII, NHF and NexPoint Capital, Inc. since September 2015; Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of the Interval Funds since March 2016; and Chief Compliance Officer for HCMFA and NexPoint Advisors, L.P since September 2015. Prior to this role served as Deputy Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Compliance for HCM. | |||
| Dustin Norris5 (1/6/1984) |
Secretary and Trustee | Indefinite Term; Secretary since October 2017. | President of Highland Capital Funds Distributor, Inc. since April 2018; Head of Distribution at HCMFA since November 2017; Secretary of HFRO and GAF, HFI and HFII since October 2017; Assistant Secretary of HFRO and GAAF from August 2017 to October 2017; Secretary of the Interval Funds since March 2016; Chief Product Strategist at HCMFA since September 2015; Director of Product Strategy at HCMFA from May 2014 to September 2015; Secretary of NHF since December 2015; Assistant Secretary of HFI and HFII from March 2017 to October 2017; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; Assistant Treasurer of HFI and HFII from November 2012 to March 2017; Assistant Treasurer of NHF from November 2012 to December 2015; Secretary of NexPoint Capital, Inc. since 2014; and Senior Accounting Manager at HCMFA from August 2012 to May 2014. | |||
| 1 | On an annual basis, as a matter of Board policy, the Governance Committee reviews each Trustees performance and determines whether to extend each such Trustees service for another year. Effective June 2013, the Board adopted a retirement policy wherein the Governance Committee shall not recommend the continued service as a Trustee of a Board member who is older than 80 years of age at the time the Governance Committee reports its findings to the Board. |
| 2 | The Highland Fund Complex consists of NHF, each series of HFI, each series of HFII, HFRO, GAF, the Interval Funds, and NexPoint Capital, Inc., a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the 1940 Act. |
| 3 | Since May 1, 2015, Mr. Honis has been treated as an Independent Trustee of the Trust. Prior to that date, Mr. Honis was treated as an Interested Trustee because he was a partner of an investment adviser affiliated with the Adviser until his resignation in November 2014. As of September 30, 2018, Mr. Honis was entitled to receive aggregate severance and/or deferred compensation payments of approximately $556,000 from another affiliate of the Adviser. Mr. Honis also serves as a director of a portfolio company affiliated with the Adviser. During the Trusts last two fiscal years, Mr. Honis aggregate compensation from this portfolio company for his services as a director was approximately $50,000. |
30
Table of Contents
In addition, Mr. Honis serves as a trustee of a trust that owns substantially all of the economic interest in an investment adviser affiliated with the Adviser. Mr. Honis indirectly receives an asset-based fee in respect of such interest, which is projected to range from $450,000- $550,000 annually. In light of these relationships between Mr. Honis and affiliates of the Adviser, it is possible that the SEC might in the future determine Mr. Honis to be an interested person of the Trust.
| 4 | Prior to December 8, 2017, Mr. Powell was treated as an Interested Trustee of the Trust for all purposes other than compensation and the Trusts code of ethics. |
| 5 | On February 7, 2018, Mr. Norris was appointed as an Interested Trustee of the Trust. |
Qualifications of Trustees
The following provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Trustee of the Trust should so serve. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individuals business and professional experience and accomplishments; (ii) the individuals ability to work effectively with the other members of the Board; (iii) the individuals prior experience, if any, serving on company boards (including public companies and, where relevant, other investment companies) and the boards of other complex enterprises and organizations; and (iv) how the individuals skills, experiences and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In respect of each current Trustee, the individuals professional accomplishments and prior experience, including, in some cases, in fields related to the operations of the Trust, were a significant factor in the determination that the individual should serve as a Trustee of the Trust. Each Trustees professional experience and additional considerations that contributed to the Boards conclusion that an individual should serve on the Board are summarized in the table above.
Trustees Compensation
The officers of the Trust and those of its Trustees who are interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund receive no direct remuneration from the Trust. The following table sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to each of the Trustees who is not an interested person (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the Independent Trustees) by the Trust and the total compensation paid to each of the Trustees by the Highland Fund Complex for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
| Name of Trustee |
Aggregate Compensation From the Trust |
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of the Funds Expense |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total Compensation From the Highland Fund Complex1 |
||||||||||||
| Interested Trustee |
||||||||||||||||
| Dustin Norris2 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees |
||||||||||||||||
| Timothy K. Hui |
$ | 21,454 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||||
| Bryan A. Ward |
$ | 21,454 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||||
| Dr. Bob Froehlich |
$ | 21,454 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||||
| John Honis3 |
$ | 21,454 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||||
| Ethan Powell4 |
$ | 21,454 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 150,000 | ||||||||
| 1 | The Highland Fund Complex consists of NHF, each series of HFI, each series of HFII, HFRO, GAF, the Interval Funds, and NexPoint Capital, Inc., a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the 1940 Act. |
| 2 | On February 7, 2018, Mr. Norris was appointed as an Interested Trustee of the Trust. |
| 3 | Effective May 1, 2015, Mr. Honis is treated as an Independent Trustee of the Trust. |
| 4 | Prior to December 8, 2017, Mr. Powell was treated as an Interested Trustee of the Trust for all purposes other than compensation and the Trusts code of ethics |
31
Table of Contents
Each Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer of $150,000 payable in quarterly installments and allocated among each portfolio in the Highland Fund Complex.
Role of the Board of Trustees, Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
The Role of the Board
The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like most registered investment companies, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is performed by various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, underwriter, administrator, sub-administrator, custodian, and transfer agent, each of which is discussed in greater detail in this SAI. The Board has appointed senior employees of certain of these service providers as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trusts operations. The Board receives regular reports from these officers and service providers regarding the Trusts operations. For example, the Treasurer provides reports as to financial reporting matters and investment personnel report on the performance of the Trusts portfolios. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trusts compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. Some of these reports are provided as part of formal in person Board meetings which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Boards review of, among other items, recent Trust operations. The Board also periodically holds telephonic meetings as part of its review of the Trusts activities. From time to time one or more members of the Board may also meet with management in less formal settings, between scheduled Board meetings, to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trusts investments, operations or activities.
Board Structure and Leadership
The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. The Board consists of six Trustees, five of whom are Independent Trustees. The Trustees meet periodically throughout the year in person and by telephone to oversee the Trusts activities, review contractual arrangements with service providers for the Trust and review the Trusts performance. The Board conducts much of its work through certain standing Committees, each of whose meetings are chaired by an Independent Trustee. On May 12, 2016, the Board approved a restructuring of the Funds standing committees and established an Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (formerly, the Audit Committee), a Governance Committee (formerly, the Nominating and Governance Committee), a Compliance Committee (formerly, the Litigation Committee), a Distribution Oversight Committee and an Alternatives Oversight Committee, which are discussed in greater detail below.
Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The members of the Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (formerly named the Audit Committee) are Messrs. Froehlich, Hui, and Ward each of whom is independent for purposes of the 1940 Act. The Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is responsible for approving the Trusts independent accountants, reviewing with the Trusts independent accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement and the adequacy of the Trusts internal accounting controls, approving professional services provided by the Trusts independent accountants. The Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is charged with compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of Title 17 of the Code of Federal Regulations regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys representing the Trust who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the Trust. The Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee is also responsible for reviewing and overseeing the valuation of debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or for which current market values are not readily available pursuant to policies and procedures adopted by the Board. The Board and Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee will use the services of one or more independent valuation firms to help them determine the fair value of these securities. In addition, each member of the Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee meets the current independence and experience requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
The Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee met seven times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018. Mr. Ward acts as the Chairman of the Audit and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee and as the audit committee financial expert.
32
Table of Contents
Governance Committee. The Trusts Governance Committees function is to oversee and make recommendations to the full Board or the Independent Trustees, as applicable, with respect to the governance of the Trust, selection and nomination of Trustees, compensation of Trustees, and related matters. The Governance Committee is also responsible for at least annually evaluating each Trustee and determining whether to recommend each Trustees continued service in that capacity. The Governance Committee will consider recommendations for Trustee nominees from shareholders sent to the Secretary of the Trust, 300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201. A nomination submission must include all information relating to the recommended nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations or proxy statements for the election of Trustees, as well as information sufficient to evaluate the recommended nominees ability to meet the responsibilities of a Trustee of the Trust. Nomination submissions must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders, and such additional information must be provided regarding the recommended nominee as reasonably requested by the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee is currently comprised of Messrs. Hui, Ward and Powell. Mr. Powell serves as the Chairman of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committees (formerly named the Litigation Committee) function is to oversee and assist Board oversight of the Trusts compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and to seek to address any potential conflicts of interest between the Trust and HCMFA in connection with any potential or existing litigation or other legal proceeding relating to securities held by the Trust and HCMFA or Sub-Adviser or another client of HCMFA. The Compliance Committee is currently comprised of Messrs. Hui, Froehlich and Powell. Mr. Hui acts as the Chairman of the Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
The Alternatives Oversight Committee. The members of the Alternatives Oversight Committee are Messrs. Honis and Ward. The Alternatives Oversight Committee is responsible for overseeing any Funds that in the Boards determination employ alternative investment strategies. Mr. Honis serves as Chairman of the Alternatives Oversight Committee. The Alternatives Oversight Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
The Distribution Oversight Committee. The members of the Distribution Oversight Committee are Messrs. Froehlich and Honis. The Distribution Oversight Committee is responsible for overseeing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the Funds payments to financial intermediaries. Mr. Froehlich serves as Chairman of the Distribution Oversight Committee. The Distribution Oversight Committee met two times during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
The Trust is led by Ethan Powell, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since December 2013. Under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trusts governing documents, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. The Trust believes that the Chairman, and, as an entity, the full Board, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust and each shareholder.
The Board periodically reviews its leadership structure, including the role of the Chairman. The Board also completes an annual self-assessment during which it reviews its leadership and Committee structure and considers whether its structure remains appropriate in light of the Trusts current operations. The Board believes that its leadership structure, including the current percentage of the Board who are Independent Trustees, is appropriate given its specific characteristics. These characteristics include: (i) the extent to which the work of the Board is conducted through the standing committees; (ii) the extent to which the Independent Trustees meet as needed, together with their independent legal counsel, in the absence of members of management and members of the Board who are interested persons of the Trust; and (iii) Mr. Powells and Mr. Honis previous positions with affiliates of the Adviser enhance the Boards understanding of the operations of the Adviser.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
The Boards role is one of oversight, rather than active management. This oversight extends to the Trusts risk management processes. These processes are embedded in the responsibilities of officers of, and service providers to, the Trust. For example, the Adviser and other service providers to the Trust are primarily responsible for the
33
Table of Contents
management of the Trusts investment risks. The Board has not established a formal risk oversight committee; however, much of the regular work of the Board and its standing Committees addresses aspects of risk oversight. For example, the Trustees seek to understand the key risks facing the Trust, including those involving conflicts of interest; how management identifies and monitors these risks on an ongoing basis; how management develops and implements controls to mitigate these risks; and how management tests the effectiveness of those controls.
In the course of providing that oversight, the Board receives a wide range of reports on the Trusts activities from the Adviser and other service providers, including reports regarding the Funds investment portfolios, the compliance of the Funds with applicable laws, and the Funds financial accounting and reporting. The Board also meets periodically with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer to receive reports regarding the compliance of the Funds with the federal securities laws and the Trusts internal compliance policies and procedures, and meets with the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer periodically, including at least annually, to review the Chief Compliance Officers annual report, including the Chief Compliance Officers risk-based analysis for the Trust. The Boards Audit Committee also meets regularly with the Treasurer and Trusts independent registered public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trusts financial reporting function. The Board also meets periodically with the portfolio managers of each Fund to receive reports regarding the management of the Fund, including its investment risks.
Share Ownership
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustees in the Fund and the aggregate dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in all funds overseen by the Trustees in the Highland Fund Complex as of December 31, 2017.
| Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned in Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities Owned in All Funds of the Highland Fund Complex1 Overseen by Trustee | ||
| Interested Trustees |
||||
| Dustin Norris |
$1 - $10,001 | Over $100,000 | ||
| Independent Trustees |
||||
| Timothy K. Hui |
$0 | Over $100,000 | ||
| Dr. Bob Froehlich |
$10,001 - $50,001 | Over $100,000 | ||
| John Honis2 |
$0 | None | ||
| Bryan A. Ward |
$0 | Over $100,000 | ||
| Ethan Powell3 |
$10,001 - $50,001 | Over $100,000 |
| 1 | The Highland Fund Complex consists of NHF, each series of HFI, each series of HFII, HFRO, GAF, the Interval Funds, and NexPoint Capital, Inc., a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the 1940 Act. |
| 2 | Effective May 1, 2015, Mr. Honis is treated as an Independent Trustee of the Highland Funds Complex. |
| 3 | Prior to December 8, 2017, Mr. Powell was treated as an Interested Trustee of the Trust for all purposes other than compensation and the Trusts code of ethics |
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The Board has delegated the voting of proxies for Trust securities to the Investment Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures. Under these policies and procedures, the Investment Adviser will vote proxies related to Trust securities in the best interests of the Trust and its shareholders. A copy of
34
Table of Contents
the Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures is attached as Appendix B to this Statement of Additional Information. The Trusts proxy voting record for the most recent 12- month period ending June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-866-351-4440 and (ii) on the SECs web site (http://www.sec.gov).
Codes of Ethics
The Trust and the Investment Adviser have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act. These codes permit personnel subject to the codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust. These codes can be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. The codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs web site (http://www.sec.gov), and copies of these codes may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: [email protected], or by writing the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. serves as the Funds investment adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Fund. HCMFA is controlled by James Dondero and Mark Okada, by virtue of their respective share ownership, and its general partner, Strand Advisors XVI, Inc., of which Mr. Dondero is the sole stockholder.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, HCMFA receives a monthly fee, computed and accrued daily, at the annual rate of 0.65% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets for the first $1 billion, 0.60% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets for the next $1 billion and 0.55% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets over $2 billion.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, HCMFA, among other things: (i) continuously furnishes an investment program for the Fund; (ii) places orders for the purchase and sale of securities for the accounts of the Fund; and (iii) votes, exercises consents and exercises all other rights pertaining to such securities on behalf of the Fund, or hires a sub-adviser to do so. Pursuant to a separate administration agreement, HCMFA also provides certain administration services to the Fund. See Section Administrator/Sub-Administrator below.
HCMFA carries out its duties under the Investment Advisory Agreement at its own expense. The Fund pays its own ordinary operating and activity expenses, such as legal and auditing fees, investment advisory fees, administrative fees, custodial fees, transfer agency fees, the cost of communicating with shareholders and registration fees, as well as other operating expenses such as interest, taxes, brokerage, insurance, bonding, compensation of Independent Trustees of the Fund and extraordinary expenses.
The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance (or reckless disregard) of its obligations or duties thereunder on the part of HCMFA shall not be subject to liability to the Fund for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the Investment Advisory Agreement relates.
Additionally, the Investment Advisory Agreement remains in force for an initial two year period and from year to year thereafter, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or (b) a vote of the majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities; provided that in either event continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees, by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting such approval. Each Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of the Funds Board, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, or by the Adviser, in each case on not more than 60 days nor less than 30 days prior written notice to the other party. Each Investment Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment, as defined by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, or upon the termination of the relevant Investment Advisory Agreement.
35
Table of Contents
The table below sets forth the advisory fees paid by the Fund, as well as any fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, for the past three fiscal years:
| Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018 |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017 |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 |
||||||||||
| Gross Advisory Fee |
$ | 7,490,859 | $ | 4,897,925 | $ | 4,451,860 | ||||||
| Fee Waiver |
$ | 0 | $ | (169,993 | )1 | $ | (1,754,419 | )1 | ||||
| Net Advisory Fee |
$ | 7,490,859 | $ | 4,727,932 | $ | 2,697,441 | ||||||
| 1 | HCMFA had contractually agreed to limit the total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund to 0.95% of average daily net assets attributable to any class of the Fund through October 31, 2016. |
INFORMATION REGARDING PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The following table identifies: (i) the portfolio managers identified in the Prospectus who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund, (ii) the number of registered investment companies, other than the Fund, managed by each portfolio manager on a day-to-day basis and the corresponding total assets managed in such investment companies, (iii) the number of other pooled investment vehicles managed by each portfolio manager on a day-to-day basis and the corresponding total assets managed in such pooled investment vehicles, (iv) the number of other accounts managed by each portfolio manager on a day-to-day basis and the corresponding total assets managed in such other accounts, and (v) for each of the foregoing categories, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts whose fees are based on performance, if any. All information is provided as of June 30, 2018.
As of June 30, 2018, Mark Okada managed the following client accounts:
| Type of Accounts |
Total # of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets (millions) |
# of Accounts Managed with Performance- Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with Performance- Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
| Registered Investment Companies: |
1 | $ | 599.25 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
36
Table of Contents
As of June 30, 2018, Jon Poglitsch managed the following client accounts:
| Type of Accounts |
Total # of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets (millions) |
# of Accounts Managed with Performance- Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with Performance- Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
| Registered Investment Companies: |
2 | $ | 626.16 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts: |
1 | $ | 408.69 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
As of June 30, 2018, Jim Dondero managed the following client accounts:
| Type of Accounts |
Total # of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets (millions) |
# of Accounts Managed with Performance- Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with Performance- Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
| Registered Investment Companies: |
11 | $ | 1,732.10 | 1 | $ | 100.86 | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
2 | $ | 712.35 | 2 | $ | 712.35 | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
As of June 30, 2018, Trey Parker managed the following client accounts:
| Type of Accounts |
Total # of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets (millions) |
# of Accounts Managed with Performance- Based Advisory Fee |
Total Assets with Performance- Based Advisory Fee (millions) |
||||||||||||
| Registered Investment Companies: |
2 | $ | 658.63 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
3 | $ | 201.14 | 3 | $ | 201.14 | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts: |
1 | $ | 408.69 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||
Compensation Structure HCMFA
HCMFAs financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors, including the pre-tax relative performance of a portfolio managers underlying account, the pre-tax combined performance of the portfolio managers underlying accounts, and the pre-tax relative performance of the portfolio managers underlying accounts measured against other employees. Portfolio managers are compensated generally based on their investment performance. The portfolio managers and other investment professionals are ranked based on the alpha generated by their portfolio versus their target index benchmark. Their investment performance is evaluated both versus a target index benchmark return and also compared to the returns of their peers at HCMFA and its affiliates. Other attributes which may be considered in the evaluation process are communication, teamwork, attitude and leadership.
The Funds target index is the CS Leveraged Loan Index.
37
Table of Contents
HCMFA is owned by Highland Capital Management Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (HCM Services) and its general partner, Strand Advisors XVI, Inc., of which Mr. James Dondero is the sole stockholder. HCM Services is controlled by Mr. Dondero and Mr. Mark Okada by virtue of their respective share ownership. Mr. Okada does not receive compensation based upon investment performance of the Fund for which he serves as portfolio manager and instead shares in the profits of HCMFA.
The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a discretionary bonus and various retirement benefits.
Base compensation. Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their seniority and/or their position with HCMFA, which may include the amount of assets supervised and other management roles within HCMFA. Base compensation is determined by taking into account current industry norms and market data to ensure that HCMFA pays a competitive base compensation.
Discretionary compensation. In addition to base compensation, portfolio managers may receive discretionary compensation, which can be a substantial portion of total compensation. Discretionary compensation can include a discretionary cash bonus paid to recognize specific business contributions and to ensure that the total level of compensation is competitive with the market, as well as participation in incentive plans, including one or more of the following:
Because each persons compensation is based on his or her individual performance, HCMFA does not have a typical percentage split among base salary, bonus and other compensation. Senior portfolio managers who perform additional management functions may receive additional compensation in these other capacities. Compensation is structured such that key professionals benefit from remaining with HCMFA.
Ownership of Securities
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities of the Fund beneficially owned by each portfolio manager. This information is provided as of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018.
| Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned by Portfolio Manager1 | ||
| Mark Okada |
$500,001 - $1,000,000 | |
| Jon Poglitsch |
$10,001 - $50,000 | |
| Jim Dondero |
Over $1,000,000 | |
| Trey Parker |
$50,001 - $100,000 |
| 1 | Mr. Poglitschs beneficial ownership of these shares includes the value of deferred compensation payments that are determined as if the amount had been invested, as of the date awarded, in shares of the Fund. |
ADMINISTRATOR/SUB-ADMINISTRATOR
HCMFA provides administration services to the Fund for a monthly administration fee, computed and accrued daily, at an annual rate of 0.20% of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets. In such capacity, HCMFA generally assists the Fund in all aspects of its administration and operations. As of October 1, 2018, under a separate sub-administration agreement, HCFMA has delegated certain administrative functions to SEI Investments Global Funds Services (SEI), One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456, and pays SEI a portion of the fee it receives from the Fund. Under the Sub-Administration Agreement, SEI has agreed to provide fund accounting services; asset
38
Table of Contents
data services; fund administration and reporting services; and regulatory administration services, including preparation and filing of various reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies and the SEC for the Fund. Prior to October 1, 2018, under a separate sub-administration agreement, HCFMA had delegated certain administrative functions to State Street, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, and paid State Street a portion of the fee it receives from the Fund. Under the State Street sub-administration agreement, State Street had agreed to provide corporate secretarial services; prepare and file various reports with the appropriate regulatory agencies; assist in preparing various materials required by the SEC; and prepare various materials required by any state securities commission having jurisdiction over the Fund.
The table below sets forth the administration fees paid by the Fund, as well as any fee waiver or reimbursement, for the past three fiscal years.
| Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2018 |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2017 |
Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016 |
||||||||||
| Gross Administration Fee |
$ | 2,330,569 | $ | 1,507,054 | $ | 1,369,803 | ||||||
| Fee Waiver/Reimbursement |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||
| Net Administration Fee |
$ | 2,330,569 | $ | 1,507,054 | $ | 1,369,803 | ||||||
State Street, located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, is the custodian for the Fund. State Street is responsible for holding all securities, other investments and cash, receiving and paying for securities purchased, delivering against payment securities sold, receiving and collecting income from investments, making all payments covering expenses and performing other administrative duties, all as directed by authorized persons. State Street does not exercise any supervisory function in such matters as purchase and sale of portfolio securities, payment of dividends or payment of expenses.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The independent registered public accounting firm audits and reports on the annual financial statements, reviews certain regulatory reports and U.S. federal income tax returns, and performs other professional accounting, auditing and tax services when engaged to do so. The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016 was KPMG LLP, located at Two Financial Center, 60 South Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. The Fund is in the process of retaining an independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Selection of Broker-Dealers; Order Placement
Subject to the overall review of the Board, the Investment Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities and other portfolio holdings of the Trust, for selecting the broker or dealer to be used, and for negotiating any commission rates paid. In underwritten offerings, securities usually are purchased at a fixed price that includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriters concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates manage other accounts, including private funds and individual accounts that invest in senior loans and Trust investments. Although investment decisions for the Trust are made independently from those of such other accounts, investments of the type the Trust may make also may be made on behalf of such other accounts. When the Trust and one or more other accounts is prepared to invest in, or desires to dispose of, the same investment, available investments or opportunities for each are allocated in a manner believed by the Investment
39
Table of Contents
Adviser to be equitable over time. The Investment Adviser may (but is not obligated to) aggregate orders, which may include orders for accounts in which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates have an interest, to purchase and sell securities to obtain favorable execution or lower brokerage commissions, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations. Although the Investment Adviser believes that, over time, the potential benefits of participating in volume transactions and negotiating lower transaction costs should benefit all participating accounts, in some cases these activities may adversely affect the price paid or received or the size of the position obtained by or disposed of for the Trust. Where trades are aggregated, the investments or proceeds, as well as the expenses incurred, will be allocated by the Investment Adviser in a manner designed to be equitable and consistent with the Investment Advisers fiduciary duty to the Trust and its other clients (including its duty to seek to obtain best execution of client trades).
Commission Rates; Brokerage and Research Services
In placing orders for the Trusts portfolio, the Investment Adviser is required to give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable price and efficient execution. This means that the Investment Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, the Investment Adviser, having in mind the Trusts best interests, will consider all factors it deems relevant, including, by way of illustration: price; the size, type and difficulty of the transaction; the nature of the market for the security; the amount of the commission; the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends; operational capabilities; the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved; and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in other transactions. Though the Investment Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive commissions or spreads, the Trust will not necessarily be paying the lowest commission or spread available. The Investment Adviser may place portfolio transactions, to the extent permitted by law, with brokerage firms participating in a distribution of the Trusts shares if it reasonably believes that the quality of execution and the commission are comparable to that available from other qualified firms.
The Investment Adviser seeks to obtain best execution considering the execution price and overall commission costs paid and other factors. The Investment Adviser routes its orders to various broker-dealers for execution at its discretion. Factors involved in selecting brokerage firms include the size, type and difficulty of the transaction, the nature of the market for the security, the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved, the quality of service, the quality of research and investment information provided and the firms risk in positioning a block of securities. Within the framework of the policy of obtaining the most favorable price and efficient execution, the Investment Adviser does consider brokerage and research services (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) provided by brokers who effect portfolio transactions with the Investment Adviser or the Trust. Brokerage and research services are services that brokerage houses customarily provide to institutional investors and include statistical and economic data and research reports on particular issuers and industries.
Affiliated Brokers; Regular Broker-Dealers
The Investment Adviser is currently affiliated with NexBank Securities, Inc. (NexBank), a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) member broker-dealer that is indirectly controlled by the principals of the Investment Adviser. Absent an exemption from the SEC or other regulatory relief, the Trust is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers. The Trust may utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions subject to compliance with policies and procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 17e-1 under the Investment Company Act. These policies and procedures are designed to provide that commissions, fees or other remuneration received by any affiliated broker or its affiliates for agency transactions are reasonable and fair compared to the remuneration received by other brokers in comparable transactions.
During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2018, June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, the Trust paid brokerage commissions of $103,395, $3,700 and $86,014, respectively, of which $0 was paid to NexBank.
There were no payments made to other brokers by the Trust during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 that were directed at least partially on the basis of research services they provided.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, the Trust did not acquire any securities of its regular brokers or dealers. At that date, the Trust did not hold any securities of its regular brokers or dealers. For these purposes, regular brokers or dealers are (a) the brokers or dealers that received the greatest dollar amount of brokerage commissions by virtue of direct or indirect participation in the Trusts portfolio transactions during the Trusts most recent fiscal year, (b) the brokers or dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions of the Trust during the Trusts most recent fiscal year, or (c) the brokers or dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of securities of the Trust during the Trusts most recent fiscal year.
40
Table of Contents
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
The following table sets forth, as of September 30, 2018, the beneficial ownership of each of our directors, executive officers, each person known to us to beneficially own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock, and the executive officers and directors as a group, as the term is defined in Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act.
| Name and Address on Account |
% of shares | |||
| MORGAN STANLEY 2000 WESTCHESTER AVENUE PURCHASE, NY 10577-2530 USA |
22.86 | % | ||
| NFS LLC 200 SEAPORT BOULEVARD BOSTON, MA 02210 UNITED STATES |
12.97 | % | ||
| WELLS FARGO CLEARING SERVICES, LLC ONE NORTH JEFFERSON AVENUE MAIL CODE: H0004-050 ST. LOUIS, MO 63103 UNITED STATES |
11.36 | % | ||
| PERSHING LLC ONE PERSHING PLAZA JERSEY CITY, NJ 07399 UNITED STATES |
8.16 | % | ||
| LPL FINANCIAL LLC 75 STATE STREET, 22ND FLOOR BOSTON, MA 02109 UNITED STATES |
5.60 | % | ||
The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of investment in common shares of the Trust is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this Statement of Additional Information. These authorities may be changed, possibly with retroactive effect, or become subject to new legislative, administrative, or judicial interpretation. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Trust and does not constitute tax advice. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to an investment in common shares of the Trust. There may be other U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to particular common shareholders. For example, except as otherwise specifically noted herein, we have not described certain tax considerations that may be relevant to certain types of holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including shareholders subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, pension plans and trusts, RICs, dealers in securities, shareholders holding Trust shares through tax-advantaged accounts (such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts), financial institutions, shareholders holding Trust shares as part of a hedge, straddle, or conversion transaction, entities that are not organized under the laws of the United States or a political subdivision thereof, and persons who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States. This summary assumes that investors hold Trust common shares as capital assets (within the meaning of the Code). Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding their particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign or other tax laws.
This summary does not discuss the tax consequences of an investment in subscription rights of the Trust, separately, or as part of a unit consisting of two or more securities. See Description of Capital StructureSubscription Rights in the prospectus for a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Trusts issuance of subscription rights to common shareholders.
41
Table of Contents
Taxation of the Trust
The Trust has elected to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the Trust must, among other things:
(i) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from: (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies; and (b) net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (as described below);
(ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Trusts taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the market value of the Trusts total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other RICs and other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Trusts total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Trusts total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Trust owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Trust controls, as determined under applicable Code rules, and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as described below); and
(iii) distribute to its shareholders with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code, without regard to the deduction for dividends paidgenerally taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions), for such year.
In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in (i) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (generally, a partnership (y) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (z) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i)(a) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Section 7704(c)(2) of the Code. MLPs in which the Trust may invest will generally qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.
For purposes of meeting the diversification requirement described in (ii) above, the term outstanding voting securities of such issuer will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (ii) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Trust investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Trusts ability to meet the diversification test in (ii) above.
If the Trust qualifies as a RIC (i.e., satisfies the source of income and diversification requirements described in (i) and (ii) above) and satisfies the annual distribution requirement described in (iii) above, the Trust will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below).
If, for any taxable year, the Trust were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution test described above, the Trust could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Trust-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions or disposing of certain assets. If the Trust were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure any such failure for any year, or if the Trust were otherwise to fail to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment for such year, the Trust would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions might be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate
42
Table of Contents
shareholders and might be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income and thus taxable at the lower long-term capital gain rate in the case of shareholders taxed at individual rates, provided, in both cases, the shareholder met certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Trusts shares (as described below). In addition, the Trust might be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC.
The Trust intends to distribute at least annually to its shareholders all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any investment company taxable income retained by the Trust will be subject to a Trust-level tax at regular corporate rates. The Trust may also retain for investment its net capital gain. If the Trust retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to Trust-level tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a timely notice to its shareholders who would then, in turn, be (i) required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Trust on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly-filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Trust makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Trust would be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Trust is not required to, and there can be no assurance the Trust will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.
In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend, its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a RIC generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.
If the Trust fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year (unless an election is made to use the Trusts taxable year), plus any such undistributed amounts from the prior year, the Trust will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a RICs ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year generally (unless an election is made to use the Trusts taxable year) are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. Also, for these purposes, the Trust will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending with the calendar year. The Trust reserves the right to pay the excise tax when circumstances warrant.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against the Trusts net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Trust may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable year. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Trust retains or distributes such gains. If the Trust incurs or has incurred net capital losses in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (post-2010 losses), those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration to offset capital gains realized during such subsequent taxable years; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term. If the Trust incurred net capital losses in a taxable year beginning on or before December 22, 2010 (pre-2011 losses), the Trust is permitted to carry such losses forward for eight taxable years; in the year to which they are carried forward, such losses are treated as short-term capital losses that first offset any short-term capital gains, and then offset any long-term capital gains. The Trust must use any post-2010 losses, which will not expire, before it uses any pre-2011 losses. This increases the likelihood that pre-2011 losses will expire unused at the conclusion of the eight-year carryforward period.
43
Table of Contents
The Trusts ability to use net capital losses may be limited following the occurrence of certain (i) acquisitive reorganizations and (ii) shifts in the ownership of the Trust by a shareholder owning or treated as owning 5% or more of the shares of the Trust (each, an ownership change). The Code may similarly limit the Trusts ability to use any of its other capital losses, or ordinary losses, that have accrued but have not been recognized (i.e., built-in losses) at the time of an ownership change to the extent they are realized within the five-year period following the ownership change.
See the Trusts most recent annual shareholder report for the Trusts available capital loss carryovers as of the end of its most recently ended fiscal year.
Trust Distributions
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Trust before a shareholder invested in the Trust (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid for its shares). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares through the Trusts Dividend Reinvestment Plan. A shareholder whose distributions are reinvested in shares through the Trusts Dividend Reinvestment Plan will be treated as having received a dividend equal to, generally, the fair market value of new common shares issued to the shareholder. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan in the Trusts Prospectus for more information.
Dividends and other distributions paid by the Trust are generally treated under the Code as received by shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, a dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid by the Trust on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.
Your broker or other intermediary will send you information after the end of each year setting forth the amount and tax status of any dividends or other distributions paid to you by the Trust.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Trust has owned or is treated as having owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. In general, the Trust will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Distributions of net capital gain that are properly reported by the Trust as capital gain dividends (Capital Gain Dividends) will generally be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains. Distributions from capital gains are generally made after applying any available capital loss carryovers. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (that is, the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss for the taxable year, in each case determined with reference to loss carryforwards) will generally be taxable to shareholders receiving such distributions as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income reported by the Trust as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Trust level. The Trust does not expect a significant portion of Trust distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.
In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Trust shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Trust must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Trusts shares. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Trust or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a passive foreign investment company.
44
Table of Contents
In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Trust as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed at individual rates, provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described in the paragraph immediately above with respect to the Trusts shares.
In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Trust will qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Trust from domestic corporations for the taxable year. In general, a dividend received by the Trust will not be treated as a qualifying dividend (i) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Trust has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (ii) to the extent that the Trust is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may be disallowed or reduced (i) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Trust or (ii) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)). The Trust does not expect a significant portion of Trust distributions to be eligible for this corporate dividends-received deduction.
Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Trust in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Trust on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Trust will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.
The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, net investment income generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Trust of net investment income and capital gains as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale or exchange of Trust shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Trust.
Return of Capital Distributions
If the Trust makes a distribution to a shareholder in excess of the Trusts current and accumulated earnings and profits in any taxable year, the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of such shareholders tax basis in its shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholders tax basis in its shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of its shares.
Distributions on the Trusts shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Trusts realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholders investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the Trusts net asset value reflects either unrealized gains, or realized but undistributed income or gains, that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such distributions may reduce the value of the Trusts shares below the shareholders cost basis in those shares. As described above, the Trust is required to distribute realized income and gains regardless of whether the Trusts net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.
Tax Implications of Certain Trust Investments
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Trust in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID (as defined below), its revised issue price) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the accrued market discount on such debt obligation. Alternatively, a holder may elect to accrue market discount currently. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the Trust has made this election, and as such, the Trust is required to include currently any
45
Table of Contents
accrued market discount on such debt obligations in the Trusts taxable income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the terms of the obligations, even though payment of those amounts is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the applicable debt obligations. The Trust reserves the right to revoke this election at any time pursuant to applicable IRS procedures. The rate at which market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Trusts income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Trust elects.
In addition, some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (OID) is treated as interest income and is included in taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Trust) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. In addition, PIK securities will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Trust receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year in which the income was accrued.
The Trust expects that a substantial portion of the Trusts investments in loans and other debt obligations will be treated as having market discount and/or OID, which, in some cases, could be significant.
Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Trust may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, acquisition discount (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). Generally, the Trust will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt obligation and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. The rate at which OID or acquisition discount accrues, and thus is included in the Trusts income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Trust elects.
Some preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer the payment of distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Trust owns a preferred security that is deferring the payment of its distributions, the Trust may be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of any such deferred distribution even though the Trust has not yet actually received the cash distribution.
As a result of holding the foregoing kinds of debt obligations or other debt obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Trust may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest (or dividends in the case of preferred securities) the Trust actually received. Such distributions may be made from, among other things, the cash assets of the Trust or cash generated from the Trusts liquidation of portfolio securities. The Trust may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Trust realizes net long-term or short-term capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain or ordinary dividend, respectively, than they would in the absence of such transactions.
Investments in distressed debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Trust. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent the Trust should recognize market discount on these debt obligations, when the Trust may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent the Trust may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Trust should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Trust when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its eligibility for treatment as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
A portion of the OID accrued on certain high-yield discount obligations owned by the Trust may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the obligation is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Trust may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend portion of such OID.
Any transactions by the Trust in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Trust distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Trust to offset income or gains earned in subsequent years.
46
Table of Contents
Any equity investments by the Trust in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) could potentially subject the Trust to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the PFIC. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Trust shareholders. However, the Trust may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, the Trust may elect to treat a PFIC as a qualified electing fund (i.e., make a QEF election), in which case the Trust will be required to include its share of the PFICs income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company. The Trust also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings to the market as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Trusts taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Trust to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Trust to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Trusts total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.
Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, the Trust may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.
Income proceeds and gains received by the Trust from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. Shareholders generally will not be entitled to separately claim a credit or deduction with respect to foreign taxes incurred by the Trust. This will decrease the Trusts yield on securities subject to such taxes.
The Trusts Derivative Transactions, as well as any of its other hedging, short sale or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including, for instance, notional principal contract, mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short-sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Trust are treated as ordinary or capital and/or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Trust, defer losses, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Trusts securities. The rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders.
Because the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Trust has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Trust-level tax.
Certain of the Trusts Derivative Transactions and investments in foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Trusts transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Trusts book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Trust could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid a Trust-level tax. In the alternative, if the Trusts book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Trusts remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from any tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipients basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
The Trusts investments in equity securities of REITs may result in the Trusts receipt of cash in excess of the REITs earnings; if the Trust distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Trust shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by the Trust from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of a Trusts income (if any) (including income allocated to the Trust from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) (including residual interests in collateralized mortgage obligations) or an equity interest in a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax
47
Table of Contents
in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, to the extent the Trust invests in any such interests, it may not be a suitable investment for certain tax-exempt shareholders (as noted below in Tax-Exempt Shareholders).
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, to file such a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.
Backup Withholding
Your broker or other intermediary generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the broker or other intermediary with a correct taxpayer identification number (TIN), who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the broker or other intermediary that he or she is not subject to such withholding.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
Sale or Exchange of Trust Shares
The sale or exchange of Trust shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Trust shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Trust shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Shareholders may be entitled to offset their Capital Gain Dividends with capital loss from other sources. The Code contains a number of statutory provisions affecting the circumstances under which capital loss may be offset against capital gain and limiting the use of loss from certain investments and activities. Accordingly, shareholders that have capital losses are urged to consult their tax advisers.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayers treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
REIT Tax Considerations
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT
To qualify for the beneficial tax regime applicable to REITs, the REIT Subsidiary must meet and continue to meet the requirements described below relating to organization, sources of income, nature of assets and distributions of income to its stockholders.
48
Table of Contents
Organizational Requirements
The Code defines a REIT as a domestic corporation, trust or association:
| (1) | which is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| (2) | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
| (3) | which would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code; |
| (4) | which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Code; |
| (5) | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; |
| (6) | not more than 50.0% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly applying various attribution rules, by or for five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include for these purposes certain entities) (the Not Closely Held Test); |
| (7) | which makes an election to be a REIT (or has made such election for a previous taxable year which has not been revoked or terminated) and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
| (8) | which uses the calendar year as its taxable year; and |
| (9) | which meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions. |
The Code provides that conditions (1) through (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year, that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months, and that condition (6) must be met during the last half of each taxable year. For purposes of condition (6), the beneficiaries of a pension or profit-sharing trust described in Section 401(a) of the Code, and not the pension or profit-sharing trust itself, are treated as REIT stockholders. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply to a REIT until the second calendar year in which the REIT qualifies as such. The REIT Subsidiary will be treated as having met condition (6) above for a taxable year if it complied with certain Treasury Regulations for ascertaining the ownership of its stock for such year and if it did not know (or after the exercise of reasonable diligence would not have known) that its stock was sufficiently closely held during such year to cause the REIT Subsidiary to fail condition (6).
The Fund intends to structure and operate the REIT Subsidiary and cause it to conduct its activities in a manner designed to satisfy all of these requirements. However, the application of such requirements is complex, and it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service may interpret or apply those requirements in a manner that jeopardizes the ability of the REIT Subsidiary to satisfy all of the requirements for qualification as a REIT or that the REIT Subsidiary may be unable to satisfy all of the applicable requirements.
Distribution Requirements
To obtain the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under the Code, among other things, the REIT Subsidiary generally will be required each year to distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that it does not distribute all of its net capital gains, or distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted, it will have to pay a corporate-level tax on amounts retained. Furthermore, if it fails to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of its ordinary income for that year, (b) 95% of its capital gain net income for that year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, it would have to pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the amounts required to be distributed over the sum of (i) the amounts that it actually distributed and (ii) the amounts it retained and upon which it paid income tax at the corporate level.
49
Table of Contents
These requirements could cause the REIT Subsidiary to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets, and it is possible that the REIT Subsidiary might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund the required distributions.
For so long as the REIT Subsidiary qualifies as a REIT, generally, the REIT Subsidiary will not have to pay corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes on any income that it distributes to its shareholders from its tax earnings and profits.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If the REIT Subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year and it does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, it will generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing its REIT status. Losing its REIT status will reduce the REIT Subsidiarys net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders will no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and the REIT Subsidiary will no longer be required to make distributions equal to at least 90% of its taxable income. If the REIT Subsidiary fails to qualify as a REIT, it may be required to borrow funds or liquidate some of its investments in order to have funds with which to pay any resulting entity level tax.
Because of the minimum distribution requirements imposed by the Code, REITs tend be dependent on the acquisition of assets with high positive cash flows. The minimum distribution requirements also tend to limit the degree to which REITs can retain and redeploy capital. These requirements could cause the REIT Subsidiary to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate-related assets, and it is possible that it might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. REITs are particularly vulnerable to defaults by their borrowers and there are significant limitations on their ability to realize income from property acquired as a result of foreclosure.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
Distributions by the Trust to shareholders that are not U.S. persons within the meaning of the Code (foreign shareholders) properly reported by the Trust as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends and (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding.
In general, the Code defines (1) short-term capital gain dividends as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) interest-related dividends as distributions from U.S. source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case, to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Trust in a written notice to shareholders.
The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPIs) as described below.
The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a U.S. person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation.
The Trust is permitted to report such part of its dividends as short-term capital gain and/or interest-related dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.
50
Table of Contents
Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of these rules to their accounts.
Distributions by the Trust to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).
A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Trust unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by such holder within the United States, (ii) in the case of an individual holder, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholders sale of shares of the Trust (as described below).
Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Trust is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign shareholder within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Trust at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Trust and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents of a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisers.
Special rules would apply if the Trust were a qualified investment entity (QIE) because it is either a U.S. real property holding corporation (USRPHC) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition of USRPIs described below. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporations USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs generally are defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A RIC that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and RICs that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in RICs generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether a RIC is a QIE.
If an interest in the Trust were a USRPI, a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder generally would be required to file a U.S. tax return in connection with the sale of its Trust shares, and pay related taxes due on any gain realized on the sale.
If the Trust were a QIE, under a special look-through rule, any distributions by the Trust to a foreign shareholder attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Trust from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Trust is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Trust would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Trusts foreign shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholders current and past ownership of the Trust.
Foreign shareholders of the Trust also may be subject to wash sale rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and -payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Trust shares.
The Trust generally does not expect that it will be a QIE.
Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Trust.
In order to have qualified for any exemption from withholding described above (to the extent applicable) or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must have complied with applicable certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should contact their tax advisers in this regard.
51
Table of Contents
Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Trust shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Trust shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers.
A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal tax on income referred to above.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Income of the Trust that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax exempt entity generally will not constitute UBTI when distributed to tax-exempt shareholders of the Trust. Notwithstanding this blocking effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Trust if shares in the Trust constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code.
A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Trust recognizes excess inclusion income derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICS or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Trust exceeds the Trusts investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Trust).
In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (CRTs) that invest in RICs that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in Section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI as a result of investing in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income. Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a RIC that recognizes excess inclusion income, then the RIC will be subject to a tax on that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act, the Trust may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholders distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholders interest in the Trust.
CRTs and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisers concerning the consequences of investing in the Trust.
52
Table of Contents
Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect to Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts
Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Trust could be required to report annually their financial interest in the Trusts foreign financial accounts, if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult their tax advisers, and persons investing in the Trust through an intermediary should contact their intermediary to determine the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.
Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements
Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, FATCA) generally require the Trust to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an IGA). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Trust may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays and 30% of the gross proceeds from the sale or exchange of shares and certain Capital Gain Dividends it pays after December 31, 2018. If a payment by the Trust is subject to FATCA withholding, the Trust is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends).
Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investors own situation, including investments through an intermediary.
Shares Purchased Through Tax Qualified Plans
Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Trust as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.
General Considerations
The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific federal tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of shares of the Trust, as well as the effects of state, local and foreign tax law and any proposed tax law changes.
The prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. Statements contained in the prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. A copy of the Registration Statement may be inspected without charge at the SECs principal office in Washington, D.C., and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
On September 25, 2017, the Fund acquired the assets of the Predecessor Fund. The Fund is the successor to the accounting and performance information of the Predecessor Fund. The audited financial statements and notes thereto of the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 are incorporated into this SAI by reference and have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. The Trusts unaudited financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2017 are also incorporated in this Statement of Additional Information by reference to the Trusts semi-annual report for the period ended December 31, 2017 and is available upon request. The Funds Annual Report is available without charge by calling the Funds at 800-357-9167 or on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.
53
Table of Contents
Standard & PoorsA brief description of the applicable rating symbols of Standard & Poors and their meanings (as published by Standard & Poors) follows:
Issue Credit Rating Definitions
A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poors view of the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on Standard & Poors analysis of the following considerations:
| i) | Likelihood of paymentcapacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
| ii) | Nature of and provisions of the obligation, and the promise we impute; |
| iii) | Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors rights. |
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
A-1
Table of Contents
AAA
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB
An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B
An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
A-2
Table of Contents
CCC
An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC
An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poors expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C
An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
D
An obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or minus ()
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus () sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR
This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
A-3
Table of Contents
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1
A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2
A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3
A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B
A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C
A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D
A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
A-4
Table of Contents
SPUR (Standard & Poors Underlying Rating)
A SPUR rating is an opinion about the stand-alone capacity of an obligor to pay debt service on a credit-enhanced debt issue, without giving effect to the enhancement that applies to it. These ratings are published only at the request of the debt issuer/obligor with the designation SPUR to distinguish them from the credit-enhanced rating that applies to the debt issue. Standard & Poors maintains surveillance of an issue with a published SPUR.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings Definitions
A Standard & Poors U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poors opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poors analysis will review the following considerations:
| a. | Amortization schedule the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
| b. | Source of payment the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. Note rating symbols are as follows: |
SP-1
Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2
Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3
Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
A-5
Table of Contents
Dual Ratings
Dual Ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, AAA/A-1+ or A-1+/A-1). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, SP-1+/A-1+).
The analyses, including ratings, of Standard & Poors and its affiliates (together, Standard and Poors) are statements of opinion as of the date they are expressed and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell any securities or make any investment decisions. Standard & Poors assumes no obligation to update any information following publication. Users of ratings or other analyses should not rely on them in making any investment decision. Standard & Poors opinions and analyses do not address the suitability of any security. Standard & Poors does not act as a fiduciary or an investment advisor except where registered as such. While Standard & Poors has obtained information from sources it believes to be reliable, Standard & Poors does not perform an audit and undertakes no duty of due diligence or independent verification of any information it receives. Ratings and other opinions may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn at any time.
Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)
Standard & Poors uses six qualifiers that limit the scope of a rating. The structure of the transaction can require the use of a qualifier such as a p qualifier, which indicates the rating addressed the principal portion of the obligation only. Likewise, the qualifier can indicate a limitation on the type of information used, such as pi for public information. A qualifier appears as a suffix and is part of the rating.
Federal deposit insurance limit: L qualifier
Ratings qualified with L apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
Principal: p qualifier
This suffix is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The p suffix indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only and that the interest is not rated.
A-6
Table of Contents
Public Information Ratings: pi qualifier
Ratings with a pi suffix are based on an analysis of an issuers published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuers management and therefore may be based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a pi suffix. Ratings with a pi suffix are reviewed annually based on a new years financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuers credit quality.
Preliminary Ratings: prelim qualifier
Preliminary ratings, with the prelim suffix, may be assigned to obligors or obligations, including financial programs, in the circumstances described below. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt by Standard & Poors of appropriate documentation. Standard & Poors reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Moreover, if a final rating is issued, it may differ from the preliminary rating.
| | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation of legal opinions. |
| | Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poors policies. |
| | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations that will likely be issued upon the obligors emergence from bankruptcy or similar reorganization, based on late-stage reorganization plans, documentation and discussions with the obligor. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligors. These ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the reorganized or post-bankruptcy issuer as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s). |
| | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to entities that are being formed or that are in the process of being independently established when, in Standard & Poors opinion, documentation is close to final. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligations of these entities. |
| | Preliminary ratings may be assigned when a previously unrated entity is undergoing a well-formulated restructuring, recapitalization, significant financing or other transformative event, generally at the point that investor or lender commitments are invited. The preliminary rating may be assigned to the entity and to its proposed obligation(s). These preliminary ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the obligor, as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s), assuming successful completion of the transformative event. Should the transformative event not occur, Standard & Poors would likely withdraw these preliminary ratings. |
| | A preliminary recovery rating may be assigned to an obligation that has a preliminary issue credit rating. |
Termination Structures: t qualifier
This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
A-7
Table of Contents
Inactive Qualifiers (No longer applied or outstanding)
Contingent upon final documentation: * in active qualifier
This symbol that indicated that the ratings was contingent upon Standard & Poors receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. Discontinued use in August 1998.
Termination of obligation to tender: c inactive qualifier
This qualifier was used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long-term credit rating of the issuer was lowered to below an investment-grade level and/or the issuers bonds are deemed taxable. Discontinued use in January 2001.
U.S. direct government securities: G inactive qualifier
The letter G followed the rating symbol when a funds portfolio consisted primarily of direct U.S. government securities.
Provisional Ratings: pr inactive qualifier
The letters pr indicate that the rating was provisional. A provisional rating assumed the successful completion of a project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that the payment of debt service requirements was largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, made no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion.
Quantitative Analysis of public information: q inactive qualifier
A q subscript indicates that the rating is based solely on quantitative analysis of publicly available information. Discontinued use in April 2001.
Extraordinary risks: r inactive qualifier
The r modifier was assigned to securities containing extraordinary risks, particularly market risks, which are not covered in the credit rating. The absence of an r modifier should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will not exhibit extraordinary non-credit related risks. Standard & Poors discontinued the use of the r modifier for most obligations in June 2000 and for the balance of obligations (mainly structured finance transactions) in November 2002.
Moodys Investors Service, Inc.A brief description of the applicable Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moodys) follows:
A-8
Table of Contents
Long-Term Obligation Ratings
Moodys long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of a fixed income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Moodys Global Long-Term Rating Scale Definitions:
Aaa
Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A
Obligations rated A are judged to be upper medium-grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa
Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba
Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa
Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
A-9
Table of Contents
Ca
Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C
Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a (hyb) indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.
| * | By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write- downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security. |
Medium-Term Note Ratings
Moodys assigns provisional ratings to medium-term note (MTN) programs and definitive ratings to the individual debt securities issued from them (referred to as drawdowns or notes).
MTN program ratings are intended to reflect the ratings likely to be assigned to drawdowns issued from the program with the specified priority of claim (e.g. senior or subordinated). To capture the contingent nature of a program rating, Moodys assigns provisional ratings to MTN programs. A provisional rating is denoted by a (P) in front of the rating and is defined elsewhere in this document.
The rating assigned to a drawdown from a rated MTN or bank/deposit note program is definitive in nature, and may differ from the program rating if the drawdown is exposed to additional credit risks besides the issuers default, such as links to the defaults of other issuers, or has other structural features that warrant a different rating. In some circumstances, no rating may be assigned to a drawdown.
Moodys encourages market participants to contact Moodys Ratings Desks or visit www.moodys.com directly if they have questions regarding ratings for specific notes issued under a medium-term note program. Unrated notes issued under an MTN program may be assigned an NR (not rated) symbol.
A-10
Table of Contents
Global Short-Term Rating Scale:
Moodys short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moodys employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
A-11
Table of Contents
POLICY REGARDING PROXY VOTING
Purpose and Scope
The purpose of these voting policies and procedures (the Policy) is to set forth the principles and procedures by which NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (the Company) votes or gives consents with respect to the securities owned by Clients for which the Company exercises voting authority and discretion.2 For avoidance of doubt, this includes any proxy and any shareholder vote or consent, including a vote or consent for a private company or other issuer that does not involve a proxy. These policies and procedures have been designed to help ensure that votes are cast in the best interests of Clients in accordance with the Companys fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the Advisers Act).
This Policy applies to securities held in all Client accounts (including Retail Funds and other pooled investment vehicles) as to which the Company has explicit or implicit voting authority. Implicit voting authority exists where the Companys voting authority is implied by a general delegation of investment authority without reservation of proxy voting authority to the Client.
If the Company has delegated voting authority to an investment sub-adviser with respect to any Retail Fund, such sub-adviser will be responsible for voting all proxies for such Retail Funds in accordance with the sub-advisers proxy voting policies. The Compliance Department, to provide oversight over the proxy voting by sub-advisers and to ensure that votes are executed in the best interests of the Retail Funds, shall (i) review the proxy voting policies and procedures of each Retail Fund sub-adviser to confirm that they comply with Rule 206(4)-6, both upon engagement of the sub-adviser and upon any material change to the sub-advisers proxy voting policies and procedures, and (ii) require each such sub-adviser to provide quarterly certifications that all proxies were voted pursuant to the sub-advisers policies and procedures or to describe any inconsistent votes.
General Principles
The Company and its affiliates engage in a broad range of activities, including investment activities for their own accounts and for the accounts of various Clients and providing investment advisory and other services to Clients. In the ordinary course of conducting the Companys activities, the interests of a Client may conflict with the interests of the Company, other Clients and/or the Companys affiliates and their clients. Any conflicts of interest relating to the voting of proxies, regardless of whether actual or perceived, will be addressed in accordance with these policies and procedures. The guiding principle by which the Company votes all proxies is to vote in the best interests of each Client by maximizing the economic value of the relevant Clients holdings, taking into account the relevant Clients investment horizon, the contractual obligations under the relevant advisory agreements or comparable documents and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. The Company does not permit voting decisions to be influenced in any manner that is contrary to, or dilutive of, this guiding principle.
| 2 | In any case where a Client has instructed the Company to vote in a particular manner on the Clients behalf, those instructions will govern in lieu of parameters set forth in the Policy. |
B-1
Table of Contents
Voting Procedures
Third-Party Proxy Advisors
The Company may engage a third-party proxy advisor (Proxy Advisor) to provide proxy voting recommendations with respect to Client proxies. Proxy Advisor voting recommendation guidelines are generally designed to increase investors potential financial gain. When considering whether to retain or continue retaining any particular Proxy Advisor, the Compliance Department will ascertain, among other things, whether the Proxy Advisor has the capacity and competency to adequately analyze proxy issues. In this regard, the Compliance Department will consider, among other things: the adequacy and quality of the Proxy Advisors staffing and personnel; the robustness of its policies and procedures regarding its ability to (a) ensure that its proxy voting recommendations are based on current and accurate information and (b) identify and address any conflicts of interest and any other considerations that the Compliance Department determines would be appropriate in considering the nature and quality of the services provided by the Proxy Advisor. To identify and address any conflicts that may arise on the part of the Proxy Advisor, the Compliance Department will ensure that the Proxy Advisor notifies the Compliance Department of any relevant business changes or changes to its policies and procedures regarding conflicts.
Third-Party Proxy Voting Services
The Company may utilize a third-party proxy voting service (Proxy Voting Service) to monitor holdings in Client accounts for purposes of determining whether there are upcoming shareholder meetings or similar corporate actions and to execute Client proxies on behalf of the Company pursuant to the Companys instructions, which shall be given in a manner consistent with this Policy. The Compliance Department will oversee each Proxy Voting Service to ensure that proxies have been voted in a manner consistent with the Companys instructions.
Monitoring
Subject to the procedures regarding Nonstandard Proxy Notices described below, the Compliance Department of the Company shall have responsibility for monitoring Client accounts for proxy notices. Except as detailed below, if proxy notices are received by other employees of the Company, such employees must promptly forward all proxy or other voting materials to the Compliance Department.
Portfolio Manager Review and Instruction
From time to time, the settlement group of the Company may receive nonstandard proxy notices, regarding matters including, but not limited to, proposals regarding corporate actions or amendments (Nonstandard Proxy Notices) with respect to securities held by Clients. Upon receipt of a Nonstandard Proxy Notice, a member of the settlement group (the Settlement Designee) shall send an email notification containing all relevant information to the Portfolio Manager(s) with responsibility for the security and [ .com]. Generally, the relevant Portfolio Manager(s) shall deliver voting instructions for Nonstandard Proxy Notices by replying to the email notice sent to the Portfolio Manager(s) and [ .com] by the Settlement Designee or by sending voting instructions to [ .com] and copying [ .com]. Any conflicts for Nonstandard Proxy Notices should also be disclosed to the Compliance Department. In the event a Portfolio Manager orally conveys voting instructions to the Settlement Designee or any other member of the Companys settlement group, that Settlement Designee or member of the Companys settlement group shall respond to the original notice email sent to [ .com] detailing the Portfolio Manager(s) voting instructions.
With regard to standard proxy notices, on a weekly basis, the Compliance Department will send a notice of upcoming proxy votes related to securities held by Clients and the corresponding voting recommendations of the Proxy Advisor to the relevant Portfolio Manager(s). Upon receipt of a proxy notice from the Compliance Department, the Portfolio Manager(s) will review and evaluate the upcoming votes and recommendations. The Portfolio Managers may rely on any information and/or research available to him or her and may, in his or her discretion, meet with
B-2
Table of Contents
members of an issuers management to discuss matters of importance to the relevant Clients and their economic interests. Should the Portfolio Manager determine that deviating from the Proxy Advisors recommendation is in a Clients best interest, the Portfolio Manager shall communicate his or her voting instructions to the Compliance Department.
In the event that more than one Portfolio Manager is responsible for making a particular voting decision and such Portfolio Managers are unable to arrive at an agreement as to how to vote with respect to a particular proposal, they should consult with the applicable Chief Compliance Officer (the CCO) for guidance.
Voting
Upon receipt of the relevant Portfolio Managers voting instructions, if any, the Compliance Department will communicate the instructions to the Proxy Voting Service to execute the proxy votes.
Non-Votes
It is the general policy of the Company to vote or give consent on all matters presented to security holders in any vote, and these policies and procedures have been designated with that in mind. However, the Company reserves the right to abstain on any particular vote if, in the judgment of the CCO, or the relevant Portfolio Manager, the effect on the relevant Clients economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is insignificant in relation to the Clients portfolio, if the costs associated with voting in any particular instance outweigh the benefits to the relevant Clients or if the circumstances make such an abstention or withholding otherwise advisable and in the best interests of the relevant Clients not to vote. Such determination may apply in respect of all Client holdings of the securities or only certain specified Clients, as the Company deems appropriate under the circumstances. As examples, a Portfolio Manager may determine: (a) not to recall securities on loan if, in his or her judgment, the matters being voted upon are not material events affecting the securities and the negative consequences to Clients of disrupting the securities lending program would outweigh the benefits of voting in the particular instance or (b) not to vote proxies relating to certain foreign securities if, in his or her judgment, the expense and administrative inconvenience outweighs the benefits to Clients of voting the securities.
Conflicts of Interest
The Companys Compliance Department is responsible for monitoring voting decisions for any conflicts of interest, regardless of whether they are actual or perceived. All voting decisions contrary to the recommendation of a Proxy Advisor require a mandatory conflicts of interest review by the Compliance Department, which will include a consideration of whether the Company or any Portfolio Manager or other person recommending or providing input on how to vote has an interest in the vote that may present a conflict of interest.
In addition, all Company investment professionals are expected to perform their tasks relating to the voting of proxies in accordance with the principles set forth above, according the first priority to the best interest of the relevant Clients. If at any time a Portfolio Manager or any other investment professional becomes aware of a potential or actual conflict of interest regarding any particular voting decision, he or she must contact the Compliance Department promptly and, if in connection with a proxy that has yet to be voted, prior to such vote. If any investment professional is pressured or lobbied, whether from inside or outside the Company, with respect to any particular voting decision, he or she should contact the Compliance Department promptly. The CCO will use his or her best judgment to address any such conflict of interest and ensure that it is resolved in accordance with his or her independent assessment of the best interests of the relevant Clients.
In the event of a conflict, the Company may choose to address such conflict by: (i) voting in accordance with the Proxy Advisors recommendation; (ii) the CCO determining how to vote the proxy (if the CCO approves deviation from the Proxy Advisors recommendation, then the CCO shall document the rationale for the vote); (iii) echo voting or mirror voting the proxy in the same proportion as the votes of other proxy holders that are not
B-3
Table of Contents
Clients; or (iv) with respect to Clients other than Retail Funds, notifying the affected Client of the material conflict of interest and seeking a waiver of the conflict or obtaining such Clients voting instructions. Where the Compliance Department deems appropriate, third parties may be used to help resolve conflicts. In this regard, the CCO or his or her delegate shall have the power to retain fiduciaries, consultants or professionals to assist with voting decisions and/or to delegate voting or consent powers to such fiduciaries, consultants or professionals.
Where a conflict of interest arises with respect to a voting decision for a Retail Fund, the Company shall disclose the conflict and the rationale for the vote taken to the Retail Funds Board of Directors/Trustees at the next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting. The Compliance Department will maintain a log documenting the basis for the decision and will furnish the log to the Board of Trustees.
Material Conflicts of Interest
The following relationships or circumstances are examples of situations that may give rise to a material conflict of interest for purposes of this Policy. This list is not exclusive or determinative; any potential conflict (including payments of the types described below but less than the specified threshold) should be identified to the Companys Compliance Department:
| (i) | The issuer is a Client of the Company, or of an affiliate, accounting for more than 5% of the Companys or affiliates annual revenues. |
| (ii) | The issuer is an entity that reasonably could be expected to pay the Company or its affiliates more than $1 million through the end of the Companys next two full fiscal years. |
| (iii) | The issuer is an entity in which a Covered Person (as defined in the Companys Policies and Procedures Designed to Detect and Prevent Insider Trading and to Comply with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Code of Ethics)) has a beneficial interest contrary to the position held by the Company on behalf of Clients. |
| (iv) | The issuer is an entity in which an officer or partner of the Company or a relative of any such person is or was an officer, director or employee, or such person or relative otherwise has received more than $150,000 in fees, compensation and other payment from the issuer during the Companys last three fiscal years; provided, however, that the Compliance Department may deem such a relationship not to be a material conflict of interest if the Company representative serves as an officer or director of the issuer at the direction of the Company for purposes of seeking control over the issuer. |
| (v) | The matter under consideration could reasonably be expected to result in a material financial benefit to the Company or its affiliates through the end of the Companys next two full fiscal years (for example, a vote to increase an investment advisory fee for a Retail Fund advised by the Company or an affiliate). |
| (vi) | Another Client or prospective Client of the Company, directly or indirectly, conditions future engagement of the Company on voting proxies in respect of any Clients securities on a particular matter in a particular way. |
| (vii) | The Company holds various classes and types of equity and debt securities of the same issuer contemporaneously in different Client portfolios. |
| (viii) | Any other circumstance where the Companys duty to serve its Clients interests, typically referred to as its duty of loyalty, could be compromised. |
B-4
Table of Contents
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a conflict of interest described above shall not be considered material for the purposes of this Policy in respect of a specific vote or circumstance if:
The securities in respect of which the Company has the power to vote account for less than 1% of the issuers outstanding voting securities, but only if: (i) such securities do not represent one of the 10 largest holdings of such issuers outstanding voting securities and (ii) such securities do not represent more than 2% of the Clients holdings with the Company.
The matter to be voted on relates to a restructuring of the terms of existing securities or the issuance of new securities or a similar matter arising out of the holding of securities, other than common equity, in the context of a bankruptcy or threatened bankruptcy of the issuer.
Recordkeeping
Following the submission of a proxy vote, the Fund will maintain a report of the vote and all relevant documentation.
The Fund shall retain records relating to the voting of proxies and the Company shall conduct due diligence, including on Proxy Voting Services and Proxy Advisors, as applicable, to ensure the following records are adequately maintained by the appropriate party:
| (i) | Copies of this Policy and any amendments thereto. |
| (ii) | A current copy of the Proxy Advisors voting guidelines, as amended. |
| (iii) | A copy of each proxy statement that the Company receives regarding Client securities. The Company may rely on a third party to make and retain, on the Companys behalf, a copy of a proxy statement, provided that the Company has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the proxy statement promptly upon request. |
| (iv) | Records of each vote cast by the Company on behalf of Clients. The Company may satisfy this requirement by relying on a third party to make and retain, on the Companys behalf, a record of the vote cast, provided that the Company has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the record promptly upon request. |
| (v) | A copy of any documents created by the Company that were material to making a decision how to vote or that memorializes the basis for that decision. |
| (vi) | A copy of each written request for information on how the Company voted proxies on behalf of the Client, and a copy of any written response by the Company to any (oral or written) request for information on how the Company voted. |
B-5
Table of Contents
These records shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the Companys fiscal year during which the last entry was made in the records, the first two years in an appropriate office of the Company.3
Enforcement of this Policy
It shall be the responsibility of the Compliance Department to handle or coordinate the enforcement of this Policy. The Compliance Department will periodically sample proxy voting records to ensure that proxies have been voted in accordance with this Policy, with a particular focus on any proxy votes that require additional analysis (e.g., proxies voted contrary to the recommendations of a Proxy Advisor).
If the Compliance Department determines that a Proxy Advisor or Proxy Voting Service may have committed a material error, the Compliance Department will investigate the error, taking into account the nature of the error, and seek to determine whether the Proxy Advisor or Proxy Voting Service is taking reasonable steps to reduce similar errors in the future.
In addition, no less frequently than annually, the Compliance Department will review the adequacy of this Policy to ensure that it has been implemented effectively and to confirm that this Policy continues to be reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of Clients.
Disclosures to Clients and Investors
The Company includes a description of its policies and procedures regarding proxy voting in Part 2 of Form ADV, along with a statement that Clients can contact the CCO to obtain a copy of these policies and procedures and information about how the Company voted with respect to a Clients securities. This Policy is, however, subject to change at any time without notice.
As a matter of policy, the Company does not disclose how it expects to vote on upcoming proxies. Additionally, the Company does not disclose the way it voted proxies to unaffiliated third parties without a legitimate need to know such information.
| 3 | If the Company has essentially immediate access to a book or record (on the Companys proprietary system or otherwise) through a computer located at an appropriate office of the Company, then that book or record will be considered to be maintained at an appropriate office of the Company. Immediate access to books and records includes that the Company has the ability to provide promptly to Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) examination staff hard copies of the books and records or access to the storage medium. The party responsible for the applicable books and records as described above shall also be responsible for ensuring that those books and records for the first two years are either physically maintained in an appropriate office of the Company or that the Company otherwise has essentially immediate access to the required books and records for the first two years. |
B-6
Table of Contents
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund
Annual Report
June 30, 2018
Table of Contents
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund
| 1 | ||||
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | ||||
| 12 | ||||
| 13 | ||||
| 14 | ||||
| 16 | ||||
| 17 | ||||
| 18 | ||||
| 34 | ||||
| 35 | ||||
| 45 |
Economic and market conditions change frequently.
There is no assurance that the trends described in this report will continue or commence.
A prospectus must precede or accompany this report. Please read the prospectus carefully before you invest.
Table of Contents
PORTFOLIO MANAGER COMMENTARY (unaudited)
| Year ending June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
Performance Overview
For the twelve-month period ended June 30, 2018, the Fund experienced a total price return of 9.77% (including the period prior to conversion to a closed-end fund on November 3, 2017) and a total NAV return of 6.40%. Over the same period, the Fund outperformed its benchmark, the S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan Index (the Index), which returned 4.35%. As of June 30, 2018, the Fund was invested in 151 issuers generating a 12-month yield of 5.92%. The weighted average loan price in the portfolio was $97.19, and the average price of CLO debt was $98.65. In terms of composition, the Fund was allocated to 75.5% loans, 15.1% CLO debt, 9.3% equities, and 0.1% bonds.
Fund Conversion
As a result of the positive progress being made in the litigation against Credit Suisse AG, the Fund successfully converted from an open-end fund to a closed-end fund at a special meeting of shareholders held on November 3, 2017. Although closed-end funds can often trade at a premium or discount to net asset value (NAV), the Funds underlying investment strategy has remained consistent during this transition. On February 2, 2018, the Fund entered into a financing agreement with Bank of America Merrill Lynch and Bank of America, N.A., and it is our intention to prudently employ leverage to enhance potential investment returns. The use of leverage is consistent with similar closed-end funds managed by other advisers. The conversion and use of leverage drove an increase in portfolio turnover from the prior year.
Managers Discussion
The strength in the leveraged loan market has continued into 2018. However, the asset class has not been entirely immune to the vacillations of the broader equity markets, as investors weigh the potential impacts of increasing trade tensions and rising macro concerns with a strengthening dollar against a U.S. economic growth backdrop that remains healthy. The market has mostly shrugged off these concerns and with the Federal Reserve more focused on the latter and seemingly intent on additional rate hikes, the environment has remained favorable for floating rate credit. Both CLO issuance and retail inflows are higher year-over-year, and net new loan issuance (i.e., new issuance excluding refinancings and repricings) has responded to this heightened demand with volumes trending 19% higher than 2017s record pace. As a result, the average bid for the Index finished the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2018 at $98.05, roughly flat with levels a year prior. On a trailing 12-month basis, the headline leveraged loan default environment worsened somewhat to 1.99% from 1.42% a year earlier. However, this default increase was almost entirely the result of the well-telegraphed iHeart default in March. Excluding iHeart, the trailing default rate was 1.34%, well below the historical average of 3.1%. Thus, the default environment remains relatively benign, which is partially reflective of the positive economic growth experienced during the past year.
Two of the largest themes in the leveraged loan market over the past year have been the continuation of the repricing wave and the potential deterioration in lending standards. Repricing activity has begun to wane somewhat, and the rise in LIBOR has been able to mitigate much of the compression in spreads (3-month LIBOR has increased by 104 bps year-over-year to 2.34%). As a consequence, the markets attention has increasingly been focused on credit underwriting quality. It is uncertain what specific inning of the credit cycle we are currently undergoing. However, it is probably safe to assume that we are in the later portion of the cycle, and concerns over lending standards in these stages are to be expected. Nonetheless, we believe that the Funds strategy remains well suited for this evolving investment environment. We continue to follow an investment approach centered on a diverse set of loan opportunities complemented by a selection of higher conviction credits and special situations, all of which is supported by a deep fundamental approach to valuation. As an enhancement to the core loan portfolio, the Fund also maintains exposure to floating rate CLO debt, which we believe is an investment adjacency and takes advantage of the managers extensive knowledge of the secondary CLO market. This asset class provides the Fund with exposure to additional assets whose risk may be mispriced by the market. Given the current opportunity set in the leveraged loan market, the Fund has marginally increased its exposure to CLO debt, where relative values have been more attractive in some instances.
Despite the market volatility experienced at the beginning of the year, the major U.S. equity indices have largely posted positive year-to-date returns, driven by accelerating economic growth. While growth may be moderate going forward, we do not foresee an end to the economic cycle during the near-term, which allows the Fed to continue down its rate hike path. Bank loans should benefit in this environment, and we remain constructive on the asset class. Nevertheless, as economic data evolves and other macro factors appear, it is likely that we will continue to encounter bouts of volatility. We believe that the Fund remains positioned to capitalize on these situations should they arise. Although it continues to hold a portfolio of higher conviction credits, the Fund remains well diversified with a number of higher quality credits that will presumably be less impacted by market volatility and could serve as rotation candidates as we optimize the portfolio to enhance its risk-adjusted return profile. We continue to believe that overall loans remain attractive versus other credit alternatives given the seniority, security, and floating rate nature of the asset class and as such should be a long-term allocation to any diversified fixed income portfolio. In addition to the Funds predominant loan portfolio, we believe that its continued allocation to CLO debt and certain catalyst-driven special situations will provide further opportunities to outperform the Index over time.
We thank you for your continued support and investment in the Fund.
| Annual Report | 1 |
Table of Contents
| Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
Objective
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund seeks to provide a high level of current income, consistent with preservation of capital.
Net Assets as of June 30, 2018
$1,085.5 million
Portfolio Data as of June 30, 2018
The information below provides a snapshot of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund at the end of the reporting period. Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund is actively managed and the composition of its portfolio will change over time. Current and future holdings are subject to risk.
| Top 10 Holdings as of 06/30/2018 (%)(1)(2) | ||||
| Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. (Common Stocks) |
4.3 | |||
| CCS Medical, Inc. 12.00%, 04/01/19 (U.S. Senior Loans) |
2.4 | |||
| Ditech Holding Corporation (fka Walter Investment Management Corp.) 8.09%, 06/30/22 (U.S. Senior Loans) |
2.0 | |||
| iHeartCommunications, Inc. (fka Clear Channel Communications, Inc.) (U.S. Senior Loans) |
2.0 | |||
| Azure Midstream Energy LLC 8.59%, 11/15/18 (U.S. Senior Loans) |
1.9 | |||
| Sandvine Corporation 7.84%, 09/21/22 (Foreign Denominated or Domiciled Senior Loans) |
1.8 | |||
| Jernigan Capital, Inc. (Preferred Stocks) |
1.8 | |||
| Intelsat Jackson Holdings SA 5.85%, 11/27/23 (Foreign Denominated or Domiciled Senior Loans) |
1.8 | |||
| USS Ultimate Holdings, Inc. 5.84%, 08/25/24 (U.S. Senior Loans) |
1.8 | |||
| Traverse Midstream Partners LLC 6.34%, 09/27/24 (U.S. Senior Loans) |
1.8 | |||
| (1) | Quality is calculated as a percentage of total bonds & notes. Sectors and holdings are calculated as a percentage of total net assets. The quality ratings reflected were issued by Standard & Poors, a nationally recognized statistical rating organization. Ratings are measured on a scale that generally ranges from AAA (highest) to D (lowest). Quality ratings reflect the credit quality of the underlying bonds in the Funds portfolio and not that of the Fund itself. Credit quality ratings assigned by a rating agency are subjective opinions, not statements of fact, and are subject to change, including daily. The ratings assigned by credit rating agencies are but one of the considerations that the Funds investment adviser incorporates into its credit analysis process, along with such other issuer specific factors as cash flows, capital structure and leverage ratios, ability to deleverage through free cash flow, quality of management, market positioning and access to capital, as well as such security-specific factors as the terms of the security (e.g., interest rate, and time to maturity) and the amount of any collateral. |
| (2) | Sectors and holdings are calculated as a percentage of total net assets. |
| (3) | Excludes the Funds investment in an investment company purchased with cash collateral from securities lending and cash equivalent investments. |
| 2 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 3 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 4 | See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 5 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 6 | See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 7 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 8 | See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (continued)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 9 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO (concluded)
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
The average amount of borrowing by the Fund on reverse repurchase agreements outstanding during the year ended June 30, 2018 was $34,193,611 at a weighted average interest rate of 3.4715%. The Fund had $137,502 of cash pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2018.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements outstanding as of June 30, 2018 were as follows:
| Counterparty | Collateral Pledged | Interest Rate | Trade Date | Maturity Date | Repurchase Amount |
Principal Amount |
Value | |||||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-4A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 4.800%, FRN, 05/01/2026 |
3.6411 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | $ | (10,784,440 | ) | $ | 14,750,000 | $ | (10,752,900 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2015-6A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 5.490%, FRN, 05/01/2027 |
3.6411 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (5,581,323 | ) | 7,500,000 | (5,565,000 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-3A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 4.750%, FRN, 02/01/2026 |
3.6435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (2,923,355 | ) | 4,000,000 | (2,914,800 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2013-1A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 5.600%, FRN, 04/18/2024 |
3.6435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (2,269,542 | ) | 3,000,000 | (2,262,900 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2015-6A, Class D, 3M USD LIBOR + 3.770%, FRN, 05/01/2027 |
3.3435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (809,875 | ) | 1,000,000 | (807,700 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-5A, Class D, 3M USD LIBOR + 4.340%, FRN, 11/01/2026 |
3.3435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (5,676,147 | ) | 7,000,000 | (5,660,900 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-4A, Class D, 3M USD LIBOR + 3.100%, FRN, 05/01/2026 |
3.3435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (599,210 | ) | 750,000 | (597,600 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-3A, Class D, 3M USD LIBOR + 3.120%, FRN, 02/01/2026 |
3.3435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (2,397,741 | ) | 3,000,000 | (2,391,300 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Acis CLO, Ltd., Series 2014-4A, Class A, 3M USD LIBOR + 1.420%, FRN, 05/01/2026 |
2.8435 | 6/28/2018 | 7/27/2018 | (6,635,437 | ) | 7,369,780 | (6,620,273 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Thacher Park CLO, Ltd. Series 2014-1A, Class E1, 3M USD LIBOR + 4.950%, FRN, 10/20/2026 |
3.5547 | 6/4/2018 | 7/5/2018 | (3,796,084 | ) | 5,000,000 | (3,784,500 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
TICP CLO I, Ltd. Series 2015-1A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 5.500%, FRN, 07/20/2027 |
3.6411 | 6/25/2018 | 7/26/2018 | (4,209,106 | ) | 5,500,000 | (4,195,950 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| BNP |
Z Capital Credit Partners CLO 2015-1, Ltd. Series 2015-1A, Class E, 3M USD LIBOR + 5.970%, FRN, 07/16/2027 |
3.5547 | 6/4/2018 | 7/5/2018 | (3,018,812 | ) | 4,000,000 | (3,009,600 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Reverse Repurchase Agreements |
|
$ | 62,869,780 | $ | (48,563,423 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | See Glossary on page 11 for abbreviations along with accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
GLOSSARY: (abbreviations that may be used in the preceding statements) (unaudited)
| Annual Report | 11 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
| As of June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| ($) | ||||
| Assets |
||||
| Investments from unaffiliated issuers, at value (a) |
1,315,652,726 | |||
| Affiliated issuers, at value (Note 10) |
52,610,792 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Investments, at value |
1,368,263,518 | |||
| Cash equivalents (Note 2) |
213,778,186 | |||
| Cash |
3,861,905 | |||
| Restricted Cash (Note 2) |
19,672,674 | |||
| Deferred financing cost |
1,665,000 | |||
| Receivable for: |
||||
| Investments sold and principal paydowns |
41,983,737 | |||
| Dividends and interest |
9,455,994 | |||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets |
663,881 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total assets |
1,659,344,895 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Liabilities |
||||
| Notes payable |
450,000,000 | |||
| Securities sold short, at value (Note 2 and Note 8) |
9,770,395 | |||
| Reverse repurchase agreements (Note 3) |
48,563,423 | |||
| Prepaid interest income |
250,000 | |||
| Payable for: |
||||
| Investments purchased |
62,997,241 | |||
| Investment advisory fees (Note 7) |
1,070,049 | |||
| Interest expense and commitment fee payable (Note 6) |
298,633 | |||
| Upon receipt of securities loaned (Note 4) |
132,000 | |||
| Dividends on securities sold short |
9,459 | |||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
706,787 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total liabilities |
573,797,987 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8) |
||||
|
|
|
|||
| Net Assets |
1,085,546,908 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Net Assets Consist of: |
||||
| Par value (Note 1) |
71,797 | |||
| Paid-in capital |
1,629,228,018 | |||
| Accumulated net investment loss |
(15,206,882 | ) | ||
| Accumulated realized loss |
(145,937,200 | ) | ||
| Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, securities sold short, and foreign currency translations |
(382,608,825 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Net Assets |
1,085,546,908 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Investments, at cost |
1,381,994,429 | |||
| Affiliated investments, at cost (Note 10) |
368,945,078 | |||
| Cash equivalents, at cost (Note 2) |
213,778,186 | |||
| Foreign currency, at cost |
(3,218 | ) | ||
| Proceeds from securities sold short |
9,840,038 | |||
| (a) Includes market value of securities on loan: |
164,576 | |||
| Common Shares |
| |||
| Shares outstanding (unlimited authorization) |
71,797,220 | |||
| Net asset value per share (Net assets/shares outstanding) |
15.12 | |||
| 12 | See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
| For the Year Ended June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| ($) | ||||
| Investment Income |
||||
| Income: |
||||
| Dividends from unaffiliated issuers |
2,150,185 | |||
| Dividends from affiliated issuers (Note 10) |
127,365 | |||
| Securities lending income (Note 4) |
71,954 | |||
| Interest from unaffiliated issuers |
60,999,588 | |||
| Interest paid in kind from unaffiliated issuers |
885,015 | |||
| Interest paid in kind from affiliated issuers (Note 10) |
5,322,226 | |||
| Other income |
767,377 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Income |
70,323,710 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Expenses: |
||||
| Investment advisory (Note 7) |
7,490,859 | |||
| Administration fees (Note 7) |
2,330,569 | |||
| Interest expense, commitment fees, and financing costs (Note 6) |
5,080,483 | |||
| Distribution and shareholder service fees:* (Note 7) |
||||
| Class A |
318,546 | |||
| Class C |
706,459 | |||
| Legal fees |
775,436 | |||
| Reorganization expense |
1,076,274 | |||
| Transfer agent fees |
364,624 | |||
| Accounting services fees |
301,955 | |||
| Audit fees |
249,208 | |||
| Trustees fees (Note 7) |
212,497 | |||
| Reports to shareholders |
145,459 | |||
| Registration fees |
93,561 | |||
| Insurance |
92,273 | |||
| Dividends and fees on securities sold short (Note 2) |
9,459 | |||
| Tax expense |
3,511 | |||
| Other |
372,015 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total operating expenses |
19,623,188 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Net investment income |
50,700,522 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments |
||||
| Realized gain (loss) on: |
||||
| Investments from unaffiliated issuers |
(28,620,676 | ) | ||
| Securities sold short (Note 2) |
309,462 | |||
| Foreign currency related transactions |
(2,602 | ) | ||
| Change unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on: |
||||
| Investments |
66,066,319 | |||
| Investments in affiliated issuers |
(24,730,184 | ) | ||
| Securities sold short (Note 2) |
75,018 | |||
| Foreign currency related translations |
(2,337 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
13,095,000 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total increase in net assets resulting from operations |
63,795,522 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| * | The class specific expenses shown relate to the time period from July 1, 2017 through the date of the conversion, November 3, 2017. |
| See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 13 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
| Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Year Ended June 30, 2018 ($) |
Year Ended June 30, 2017 ($) |
|||||||
| Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets |
||||||||
| Operations: |
||||||||
| Net investment income |
50,700,522 | 32,624,898 | ||||||
| Net realized loss on investments, securities sold short and foreign currency transactions |
(28,313,816 | ) | (22,692,673 | ) | ||||
| Net increase in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments, securities sold short and foreign currency related translations |
41,408,816 | 54,072,481 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net increase from operations |
63,795,522 | 64,004,706 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Distributions to shareholders from: |
||||||||
| Net investment income |
||||||||
| Class A |
(3,380,302 | ) | (10,631,649 | ) | ||||
| Class C |
(2,697,014 | ) | (9,518,520 | ) | ||||
| Class Z |
(6,360,145 | ) | (13,676,642 | ) | ||||
| Shares of closed-end fund |
(37,207,965 | ) | | |||||
| Return of capital |
||||||||
| Shares of closed-end fund |
(6,936,337 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total distributions |
(56,581,763 | ) | (33,826,811 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Increase in net assets from operations and distributions |
7,213,759 | 30,177,895 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Share transactions: |
||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of shares |
||||||||
| Class A |
75,507,963 | 132,080,772 | ||||||
| Class C |
49,282,371 | 46,111,952 | ||||||
| Class Z |
252,257,435 | 279,887,069 | ||||||
| Value of distributions reinvested |
||||||||
| Class A |
3,008,894 | 9,827,945 | ||||||
| Class C |
2,470,570 | 8,078,025 | ||||||
| Class Z |
5,841,184 | 12,750,180 | ||||||
| Shares of closed-end fund |
1,244,740 | | ||||||
| Cost of shares redeemed |
||||||||
| Class A |
(61,916,334 | ) | (86,388,361 | ) | ||||
| Class C |
(26,700,962 | ) | (68,154,841 | ) | ||||
| Class Z |
(109,971,065 | ) | (154,569,756 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net increase from shares transactions |
191,024,796 | 179,622,985 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Total increase in net assets |
198,238,555 | 209,800,880 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net Assets |
||||||||
| Beginning of period |
887,308,353 | 677,507,473 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| End of period |
1,085,546,908 | 887,308,353 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Accumulated net investment loss |
(15,206,882 | ) | (16,311,434 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| 14 | See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (continued)
| Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Year Ended June 30, 2018 |
Year Ended June 30, 2017 |
|||||||
| CAPITAL STOCK ACTIVITY - SHARES* |
||||||||
| Class A: |
||||||||
| Shares sold |
5,028,824 | 8,806,400 | ||||||
| Issued for distribution reinvested |
200,393 | 660,235 | ||||||
| Shares redeemed |
(4,126,129 | ) | (5,773,565 | ) | ||||
| Shares converted in conversion (Note 1) |
(19,014,516 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net increase (decrease) in fund shares |
(17,911,428 | ) | 3,693,070 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Class C: |
||||||||
| Shares sold |
3,282,455 | 3,068,658 | ||||||
| Issued for distribution reinvested |
164,623 | 543,706 | ||||||
| Shares redeemed |
(1,779,278 | ) | (4,567,646 | ) | ||||
| Shares converted in conversion (Note 1) |
(16,925,308 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net decrease in fund shares |
(15,257,508 | ) | (955,282 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Class Z: |
||||||||
| Shares sold |
16,798,932 | 18,662,515 | ||||||
| Issued for distribution reinvested |
389,052 | 855,841 | ||||||
| Shares redeemed |
(7,323,136 | ) | (10,417,085 | ) | ||||
| Shares converted in conversion (Note 1) |
(35,789,642 | ) | | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| Net increase in fund shares |
(25,924,794 | ) | 9,101,271 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| New Common Shares Of Closed-end Fund: |
|
|||||||
| Shares converted in conversion |
71,729,466 | |||||||
| Issued for distribution reinvested |
67,754 | |||||||
|
|
|
|||||||
| Net increase in fund shares |
71,797,220 | |||||||
|
|
|
|||||||
| * | Capital stock activity prior to November 3, 2017 has been adjusted to give effect to an approximately 2 to 1 reverse stock split as part of the conversion to a closed-end fund. (Note 1) Distribution activity related to the A, C, and Z share classes relates to the period from July 1, 2017 through November 3, 2017 |
| See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 15 |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Year Ended June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| ($) | ||||
| Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities: |
||||
| Net increase in net assets resulting from operations |
63,795,522 | |||
| Adjustments to Reconcile Net Investment Gain to Net Cash Used In Operating Activities Operating Activities: |
||||
| Purchases of investment securities from unaffiliated issuers |
(2,394,925,368 | ) | ||
| Purchases of investment securities from affiliated issuers |
(18,819,577 | ) | ||
| Interest paid in kind from unaffiliated issuers |
(885,015 | ) | ||
| Interest paid in kind from affiliated issuers |
(5,322,226 | ) | ||
| Proceeds from disposition investment securities from unaffiliated issuers |
1,757,010,809 | |||
| Proceeds from disposition investment securities from affiliated issuers |
2,467,576 | |||
| Proceeds from the sale of short-term portfolio investments, net |
(141,483,898 | ) | ||
| Purchases of securities sold short |
(68,113,071 | ) | ||
| Proceeds of securities sold short |
74,164,006 | |||
| Paydowns at cost |
159,172,685 | |||
| Net accretion of discount |
(4,277,984 | ) | ||
| Net realized loss on investments from unaffiliated issuers |
28,620,676 | |||
| Net realized gain on securities sold short and foreign currency transactions |
(306,860 | ) | ||
| Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) on investments, securities sold short, and foreign currency related translations |
(41,408,816 | ) | ||
| Increase in receivable for investments sold and principal paydowns |
(12,892,636 | ) | ||
| Increase in receivable for deferred financing cost |
(1,665,000 | ) | ||
| Increase in receivable for dividends and interest |
(5,764,403 | ) | ||
| Increase in restricted cash |
(12,974,662 | ) | ||
| Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets |
(605,520 | ) | ||
| Decrease in payable for investments purchased |
(708,985 | ) | ||
| Increase in payables to investment advisory |
504,923 | |||
| Decrease in payable upon receipt of securities on loan |
(7,373,124 | ) | ||
| Decrease in payable for distribution and shareholder service fees |
(39,549 | ) | ||
| Decrease in payable for transfer agent fees |
(155,220 | ) | ||
| Increase in payable for prepaid interest income |
250,000 | |||
| Decrease in payable for dividends on short sales |
(56,055 | ) | ||
| Increase in payable for commitment fees |
298,633 | |||
| Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities |
377,539 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Net cash flow used in operating activities |
(631,115,600 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Cash Flows Provided By Financing Activities: |
||||
| Distributions paid in cash, net of payable |
(44,246,677 | ) | ||
| Decrease in due to custodian |
(5,605 | ) | ||
| Payments on shares redeemed |
(200,995,884 | ) | ||
| Proceeds from shares sold |
379,594,350 | |||
| Increase in notes payable |
450,000,000 | |||
| Proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements, net |
48,563,423 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Net cash flow provided by financing activities |
632,909,607 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
(4,939 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Net increase in cash |
1,789,068 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Cash and Foreign Currency: |
||||
| Beginning of year |
2,072,837 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| End of year |
3,861,905 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||
| Reinvestment of distributions |
12,565,388 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Cash paid during the year for interest expense and commitment fees |
4,781,850 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Interest paid in kind from affiliated and unaffiliated issuers. |
6,207,241 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| 16 | See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
| Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout each period is as follows:
| For the Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018* | 2017* | 2016* | 2015* | 2014* | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year |
$ | 15.01 | $ | 14.33 | $ | 16.17 | $ | 16.91 | $ | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Income from Investment Operations:(a) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Net investment income |
0.75 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 0.74 | |||||||||||||||
| Redemption fees added to paid-in capital |
| | | | | (b) | ||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) |
0.18 | 0.74 | (1.84 | ) | (0.74 | ) | 0.93 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total from investment operations |
0.93 | 1.42 | (0.95 | ) | | (b) | 1.67 | |||||||||||||
| Less Distributions Declared to Shareholders: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| From net investment income |
(0.72 | ) | (0.74 | ) | (0.89 | ) | (0.74 | ) | (0.72 | ) | ||||||||||
| From return of capital |
(0.10 | ) | | | | (0.02 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
| Total distributions declared to shareholders |
(0.82 | ) | (0.74 | ) | (0.89 | ) | (0.74 | ) | (0.74 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year(c) |
$ | 15.12 | $ | 15.01 | $ | 14.33 | $ | 16.17 | $ | 16.91 | ||||||||||
| Market Value, End of Period |
$ | 15.62 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
| Total return(d) |
9.77 | % | 10.05 | % | (5.77 | )% | 0.11 | % | 10.68 | % | ||||||||||
| Ratios to Average Net Assets(f)/Supplemental Data: |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Net assets, end of period (in 000s) |
$ | 1,085,547 | $ | 389,278 | $ | 241,197 | $ | 283,673 | $ | 340,089 | ||||||||||
| Gross operating expenses(g)(h) |
1.79 | % | 1.20 | %(i) | 1.38 | % | 1.03 | % | 1.25 | % | ||||||||||
| Net investment income(h) |
4.98 | % | 4.61 | % | 5.65 | % | 4.55 | % | 4.49 | % | ||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate |
177 | % | 63 | % | 53 | % | 55 | % | 69 | % | ||||||||||
| * | Per share data prior to November 3, 2017 has been adjusted to give effect to an approximately 2 to 1 reverse stock split as part of the conversion to a closed-end fund. (Note 1) |
| | Reflects the financial highlights of Class Z of the open-end fund prior to the conversion. |
| (a) | Per share data was calculated using average shares outstanding during the period. |
| (b) | Represents less than $0.005 per share. |
| (c) | The Net Asset Value per share has been calculated based on net assets which include adjustments made in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles required at period end for financial reporting purposes. These figures do not necessarily reflect the Net Asset Value per share or total return experienced by the shareholder at period end. |
| (d) | Total return is based on market value per share for periods after November 3, 2017. Distributions are assumed for purposes of this calculation to be reinvested at prices obtained under the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. Prior to November 3, 2017, total return is at net asset value assuming all distributions are reinvested. For periods with waivers/reimbursements, had the Funds investment adviser not waived or reimbursed a portion of expenses, total return would have been lower. |
| (e) | All ratios for the period have been annualized, unless otherwise indicated. |
| (f) | Supplemental expense ratios are shown below: |
| For the Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net operating expenses (net of waiver/reimbursement, if applicable, but gross of all other operating expenses) |
1.79 | % | 1.12 | % | 1.11 | % | 1.04 | % | 0.99 | % | ||||||||||
| Interest expense, commitment fees, and financing costs |
0.49 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.15 | % | 0.04 | % | 0.08 | % | ||||||||||
| Dividends and fees on securities sold short |
| (j) | 0.01 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.04 | % | ||||||||||
| (g) | Includes dividends and fees on securities sold short. |
| (h) | Excludes 12b-1 fees from partial period operating as an open-end fund. Following the conversion on November 3, 2017, the Fund is no longer subject to 12b-1 fees. |
| (i) | Refer to Note 7 in the Notes to the Financial Statements for discussion of prior period custodian out-of-pocket expenses that were communicated to the Fund in the current period. The amount of the reimbursement was immaterial on a per share basis and did not impact the total return of the Fund. The Ratios of Gross Operating Expenses and Net Operating Expenses to Average Net Assets would be unchanged as the reimbursement of custodian fees was offset against current period expense waivers/reimbursements with no impact to net expenses or net investment income. |
| (j) | Represents less than 0.005%. |
| See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | 17 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 18 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 19 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities. Transfers in and out of the levels are recognized at the value at the end of the period. A summary of the inputs used to value the Funds assets as of June 30, 2018 is as follows:
| Total value at June 30, 2018 |
Level 1 Price |
Level 2 Significant Observable Inputs |
Level 3 Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|||||||||||||
| Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
||||||||||||||||
| Assets |
||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Senior Loans |
||||||||||||||||
| Aerospace |
$ | 34,282,875 | $ | | $ | 34,282,875 | $ | | ||||||||
| Commercial Services |
20,293,474 | | 20,293,474 | | ||||||||||||
| Consumer Discretionary |
46,968,218 | | 46,968,218 | | ||||||||||||
| Consumer Products |
35,639,957 | | 35,639,957 | | ||||||||||||
| Energy |
56,527,779 | | 56,527,779 | | ||||||||||||
| Financial |
104,936,224 | | 104,936,224 | | ||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
9,552,081 | | | 9,552,081 | ||||||||||||
| Healthcare |
107,888,606 | | 82,232,236 | 25,656,370 | ||||||||||||
| Housing |
26,274,597 | | 26,274,597 | | (2) | |||||||||||
| Industrials |
86,224,543 | | 78,496,842 | 7,727,701 | ||||||||||||
| Information Technology |
61,871,330 | | 61,871,330 | | ||||||||||||
| Manufacturing |
20,349,157 | | 20,349,157 | | ||||||||||||
| Media & Telecommunications |
30,444,652 | | 30,444,652 | | ||||||||||||
| Metals & Minerals |
32,064,859 | | 32,064,859 | | ||||||||||||
| Oil & Gas |
19,121,493 | | 19,121,493 | | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate |
1,277,998 | | | 1,277,998 | ||||||||||||
| Retail |
86,893,938 | | 86,893,938 | | ||||||||||||
| Service |
100,152,876 | | 100,152,876 | | ||||||||||||
| Telecommunications |
15,474,985 | | 10,306,747 | 5,168,238 | ||||||||||||
| Transportation |
9,534,449 | | 9,534,449 | | ||||||||||||
| Utilities |
42,651,075 | | 42,651,075 | | ||||||||||||
| Foreign Denominated or Domiciled Senior Loans |
||||||||||||||||
| Canada |
38,823,232 | | 38,823,232 | | ||||||||||||
| Luxembourg |
45,806,874 | | 45,806,874 | | ||||||||||||
| 20 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Total value at June 30, 2018 |
Level 1 Price |
Level 2 Significant Observable Inputs |
Level 3 Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|||||||||||||
| Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (continued) |
||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized Loan Obligations |
$ | 206,291,690 | $ | | $ | 206,291,690 | $ | | ||||||||
| Corporate Bonds & Notes(1) |
1,224,400 | | 148,000 | 1,076,400 | ||||||||||||
| Claims |
52,138 | | | 52,138 | ||||||||||||
| Common Stocks |
||||||||||||||||
| Energy |
8,580,225 | 8,580,224 | | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
| | | | (2) | |||||||||||
| Healthcare |
| | | | (2) | |||||||||||
| Housing |
7,384,608 | | | 7,384,608 | ||||||||||||
| Industrials |
1,879,703 | 1,879,703 | | | ||||||||||||
| Materials |
10,092,330 | 10,092,330 | | | ||||||||||||
| Media & Telecommunications |
48,226,750 | | 46,818,241 | 1,408,509 | ||||||||||||
| Metals & Minerals |
4,932,895 | | | 4,932,895 | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate |
6,613,610 | | | 6,613,610 | ||||||||||||
| Telecommunications |
7,104,495 | | | 7,104,495 | ||||||||||||
| Utilities |
84,269 | | | 84,269 | ||||||||||||
| Preferred Stocks(1) |
20,000,000 | | 20,000,000 | | ||||||||||||
| Exchange-Traded Funds |
2,022,625 | 2,022,625 | | | ||||||||||||
| Rights |
651,157 | | 651,157 | | ||||||||||||
| Warrants(1) |
||||||||||||||||
| Energy |
179,831 | 179,831 | | | ||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
| | | | (2) | |||||||||||
| Industrials |
308,562 | 155,873 | | 152,689 | ||||||||||||
| Information Technology |
66,735 | | | 66,735 | ||||||||||||
| Registered Investment Companies |
9,512,223 | 9,512,223 | | | ||||||||||||
| Cash Equivalents |
213,778,186 | 213,778,186 | | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total Assets |
1,582,041,704 | 246,200,995 | 1,257,581,972 | 78,258,737 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Short |
||||||||||||||||
| Exchange-Traded Funds |
(2,574,750 | ) | (2,574,750 | ) | | | ||||||||||
| U.S. Treasuries |
(7,195,645 | ) | | (7,195,645 | ) | | ||||||||||
| Reverse Repurchase Agreements |
(48,563,423 | ) | | (48,563,423 | ) | | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total Liabilities |
(58,333,818 | ) | (2,574,750 | ) | (55,759,068 | ) | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| Total |
$ | 1,523,707,886 | $ | 243,626,245 | $ | 1,201,822,904 | $ | 78,258,737 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
| (1) | See Investment Portfolio detail for industry breakout. |
| (2) | This category includes securities with a value of zero. |
| Annual Report | 21 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
The table below sets forth a summary of changes in the Funds assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended June 30, 2018.
| Balance as of June 30, 2017 |
Transfers into Level 3 |
Transfers Out of Level 3 |
Net Amortization (Accretion) of Premium/ (Discount) |
Net Realized Gain/ (Loss) |
Net Unrealized Appreciation/ (Depreciation) |
Net Purchases |
Net (Sales) |
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |
Change
in 2018 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Senior Loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
$ | 9,552,080 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,552,081 | $ | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Healthcare |
24,146,282 | | | | | (3,709,187 | ) | 5,219,275 | | 25,656,370 | (3,709,187 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Housing |
4,000,000 | | | | (3,491,393 | ) | 4,000,000 | | (4,508,607 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrials |
| | | 216,514 | 464 | 925,522 | 6,587,945 | (2,744 | ) | 7,727,701 | 925,522 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate |
| | | (2,307 | ) | | 2,307 | 1,277,998 | | 1,277,998 | 2,307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Telecommunications |
| | | | | (10,357 | ) | 5,178,595 | | 5,168,238 | (10,357 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds & Notes |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities |
| 1,076,400 | | | | | | | 1,076,400 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Claims |
52,138 | | | | | 115,221 | | (115,221 | ) | 52,138 | 115,221 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stocks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Energy |
1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
| | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Housing |
3,675,821 | | | | | 3,708,787 | | | 7,384,608 | 3,708,787 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Media & Telecommunications |
| 1,408,509 | | | | | | | 1,408,509 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metals & Minerals |
| | | | | 3,485,441 | 1,447,454 | | 4,932,895 | 3,485,441 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real Estate |
10 | | | | | 929,206 | 8,151,971 | (2,467,577 | ) | 6,613,610 | 929,206 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Telecommunications |
| | | | | 4,011,219 | 3,093,276 | | 7,104,495 | 4,011,219 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Utilities |
242,015 | | | | (14,308 | ) | 61,916 | | (205,354 | ) | 84,269 | 47,609 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants |
| | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gaming & Leisure |
| | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrials |
| | | | | 152,689 | | | 152,689 | 152,689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Information Technology |
| | | | | 40,570 | 26,165 | | 66,735 | 40,570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 41,668,347 | $ | 2,484,909 | $ | | $ | 214,207 | $ | (3,505,237 | ) | $ | 13,713,335 | $ | 30,982,679 | $ | (7,299,503 | ) | $ | 78,258,737 | $ | 9,699,028 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
The following is a summary of significant unobservable inputs used in the fair valuations of assets and liabilities categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:
| Category | Market Value at 6/30/2018 |
Valuation Technique | Unobservable Inputs | Input Value(s) | ||||||||||||
| U.S. Senior Loans |
$ | 49,382,388 | Adjusted Appraisal | Liquidity Discount | 10% | |||||||||||
| Asset Specific Discount | 10% | |||||||||||||||
| Multiples Analysis | Multiple of Revenue | 0.4x - 0.5x | ||||||||||||||
| Multiple of EBITDA | 3.0x - 5.0x | |||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rate | 11.1% - 16.5% | ||||||||||||||
| Spread Adjustment | 0.1% - 0.5% | |||||||||||||||
| Cost Basis | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds & Notes |
1,076,400 | Liquidation Analysis | Claim Amount: Percent of Par | 6.9% | ||||||||||||
| Claims |
52,138 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
| Common Stocks |
27,528,387 | Multiples Analysis | Multiple of Revenue | 0.4x - 0.5x | ||||||||||||
| Multiple of EBITDA | 3.0x - 8.0x | |||||||||||||||
| Price/MHz-PoP | $0.087 - $0.550 | |||||||||||||||
| Risk Discount | 27.5% | |||||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Scenario Probabilities | 15.0% - 70.0% | ||||||||||||||
| Illiquidity Discount | 10.0% | |||||||||||||||
| Discount Rate | 11.0 - 12.0% | |||||||||||||||
| Terminal Multiple | 7.0x | |||||||||||||||
| Sales Proceeds | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Warrants |
219,424 | Multiples Analysis | Multiple of EBITDA | 6.75x - 8.0x | ||||||||||||
| Discounted Cash Flow | Discount Rate | 12.0% | ||||||||||||||
| Terminal Multiple | 6.75x | |||||||||||||||
| Black-Scholes | Volatility | 29.4% | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total |
$ | 78,258,737 | ||||||||||||||
| Annual Report | 23 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 24 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 25 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 26 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 27 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 28 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 29 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 30 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
Note 10. Affiliated Issuers
Under Section 2 (a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, a portfolio company is defined as affiliated if a fund owns five percent or more of its outstanding voting securities or if the portfolio company is under common control. The table below shows affiliated issuers of the Fund as of June 30, 2018:
| Issuer | Shares at June 30, 2017 |
Beginning Value as of June 30, 2017 |
Purchases at Cost |
Proceeds from Sales |
Net Realized Gain/(Loss) on Sales of Affiliated Issuers |
Change in Unrealized Appreciation/ Depreciation |
Ending Value as of June 30, 2018 |
Shares at June 30, 2018 |
Affiliated Income |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Majority Owned, Not Consolidated |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allenby (Common Stocks) |
1,323,961 | $ | 1 | $ | 215,061 | $ | (313,638 | ) | $ | | $ | 98,577 | $ | 1 | 1,225,384 | $ | | |||||||||||||||||||
| Claymore (Common Stocks) |
8,984,111 | 9 | 1,427,458 | (2,153,938 | ) | | 726,479 | 8 | 8,257,632 | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Affiliates |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CCS Medical, Inc. (U.S. Senior Loans & Common Stocks) |
46,240,843 | 24,146,282 | 5,219,275 | | | (3,709,187 | ) | 25,656,370 | 49,169,570 | 5,219,275 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual Report | 31 |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Issuer | Shares at June 30, 2017 |
Beginning Value as of June 30, 2017 |
Purchases at Cost |
Proceeds from Sales |
Net Realized Gain/(Loss) on Sales of Affiliated Issuers |
Change in Unrealized Appreciation/ Depreciation |
Ending Value as of June 30, 2018 |
Shares at June 30, 2018 |
Affiliated Income |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gambier Bay LLC (Common Stocks)(1) |
6,831,564 | $ | 1,502,944 | $ | 1,078,316 | $ | | $ | | $ | (1,172,751 | ) | $ | 1,408,509 | 10,939,879 | $ | 102,951 | |||||||||||||||||||
| LLV Holdco LLC (U.S. Senior Loans, Common Stocks and Warrants) |
11,989,033 | 9,552,080 | | | | | 9,552,080 | 11,989,033 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund (Common Stocks) |
| | 9,692,243 | | | (312,020 | ) | 9,380,223 | 427,345 | 127,365 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NFRO REIT SUB, LLC (Common Stocks) |
| | 6,509,450 | | | 104,151 | 6,613,601 | 325,472 | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Total |
75,369,512 | $ | 35,201,316 | $ | 24,141,803 | $ | (2,467,576 | ) | $ | | $ | (4,264,751 | ) | $ | 52,610,792 | 82,334,315 | $ | 5,449,591 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Includes the value of iHeart Communications, Inc. bonds as of June 30, 2017 and subsequent activity. |
| 32 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (concluded)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 33 |
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Board of Trustees Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund:
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (the Fund), including the investment portfolio, as of June 30, 2018, the related statements of operations and cash flows for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the related notes (collectively, the financial statements), and the financial highlights for each of the years in the three-year period then ended. In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund as of June 30, 2018, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the three-year period then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The financial highlights for each of the years or periods in the two-year period ended June 30, 2015, were audited by other independent registered public accountants whose report, dated August 28, 2015, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial highlights.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the Funds management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements and financial highlights, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and financial highlights. Such procedures also included confirmation of securities owned as of June 30, 2018, by correspondence with custodians, transfer agents and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and financial highlights. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
KPMG has served as the auditor of one or more Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, LP investment companies since 2011.
Boston, Massachusetts
September 24, 2018
| 34 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Annual Report | 35 |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 36 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 Trustees and Officers |
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by the Investment Adviser. The names and birth dates of the Trustees and officers of the Fund, the year each was first elected or appointed to office, their principal business occupations during the last five years, the number of funds overseen by each Trustee and other directorships they hold are shown below. The business address for each Trustee and officer of the Fund is c/o Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P., 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, TX 75201.
Trustees
| Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustee2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for Membership | |||||||
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
| Timothy K. Hui (6/13/1948) |
Trustee | Initial term (expiring at 2020 annual meeting). Trustee since inception in August 2017. |
Dean of Educational Resources Emeritus and Special Assistant to the President at Cairn University since July 2018; Dean of Educational Resources at Cairn University from July 2012 until June 2018 and from July 2006 to January 2008. | 25 | None | Significant experience on this board of directors/trustees; administrative and managerial experience; legal training and practice. | ||||||
| Bryan A. Ward (2/4/1955) |
Trustee | Initial term (expiring at 2019 annual meeting). Trustee since inception in August 2017. |
Private Investor, BW Consulting, LLC since 2014; and Senior Manager, Accenture, LLP (a consulting firm) from 2002 until retirement in 2014. | 25 | Director of Equity Metrix, LLC. | Significant experience on this and/or other boards of directors/trustees; significant managerial and executive experience; significant experience as a management consultant. | ||||||
| Annual Report | 37 |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustee2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for Membership | |||||||
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
| Dr. Bob Froehlich (4/28/1953) |
Trustee | Initial term (expiring at 2020 annual meeting). Trustee since inception in August 2017. |
Retired. | 25 | Trustee of ARC Realty Finance Trust, Inc. (from January 2013 to May 2016); Director of KC Concessions, Inc. (since January 2013); Trustee of Realty Capital Income Funds Trust (from January 2014 to December 2016); Director of American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust II (from January 2013 to June 2016); Director, American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc. (from November 2012 to July 2016); Director of American Sports Enterprise, Inc. (since January 2013); Director of Davidson Investment Advisors (from July 2009 to July 2016); Chairman and owner, Kane County Cougars Baseball Club (since January 2013); Advisory Board of Directors, Internet Connectivity Group, Inc. (from January 2014 to April 2016); Director of AXAR Acquisition Corp. (formerly AR Capital Acquisition Corp.) (from October 2014 to October 2017); Director of The Midwest League of Professional Baseball Clubs, Inc.; Director of Kane County Cougars Foundation, Inc.; Director of Galen Robotics, Inc.; Chairman and Director of FC Global Realty, Inc. (from May 2017 to June 2018); and Chairman and Director of First Capital Investment Corp. (from March 2017 until March 2018). |
Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience; significant experience on other boards of directors, including as a member of several audit committees. | ||||||
| 38 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustee2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for | |||||||
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
| John Honis3 (6/16/1958) |
Trustee | 3 year term (expiring at 2021 annual meeting). Trustee since inception in August 2017. |
President of Rand Advisors, LLC since August 2013; and Partner of Highland Capital Management, L.P. from February 2007 until his resignation in November 2014. | 25 | Manager of Turtle Bay Resort, LLC; and Manager of American Home Patient (from November 2011 to February 2016). | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience, including experience as president, chief executive officer or chief restructuring officer of five telecommunication firms; experience on other boards of directors/trustees. | ||||||
| Annual Report | 39 |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustee2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for | |||||||
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||||||
| Ethan Powell4 (6/20/1975) |
Trustee and Chairman of the Board | Initial term (expiring at 2019 annual meeting) for the Trust. Trustee since inception in August 2017. Chairman of the Board since August 2017. |
President and Founder of Impact Shares LLC since December 2015; Trustee/Director of the Highland Fund Complex from June 2012 until July 2013 and since December 2013; Chief Product Strategist of Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P. (HCMFA) from 2012 until December 2015; Senior Retail Fund Analyst of Highland Capital Management, L.P. from 2007 until December 2015 and HCMFA from its inception until December 2015; President and Principal Executive Officer of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund from June 2012 until May 2015; Secretary of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund from May 2015 until December 2015; Executive Vice President and Principal Executive Officer of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from June 2012 until December 2015; and Secretary of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from November 2010 to May 2015. |
25 | Trustee of Impact Shares Funds I Trust | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant executive experience including past service as an officer of funds in the Highland Fund Complex; significant administrative and managerial experience. | ||||||
| 40 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office1 and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Highland Fund Complex Overseen by the Trustee2 |
Other Directorships/ Trusteeships Held During the Past Five Years |
Experience, Qualifications, Attributes, Skills for Membership | |||||||
| Interested Trustee | ||||||||||||
| Dustin Norris5 (1/6/1984) |
Trustee and Secretary | 3 year term (expiring at 2021 annual meeting). Trustee since February 2018; and Secretary since October 2017. |
President of Highland Capital Funds Distributor, Inc. since April 2018, Head of Distribution at HCMFA since November 2017, Secretary of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund, Highland Global Allocation Fund II, Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II since October 2017; Assistant Secretary of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II from August 2017 to October 2017; Chief Product Strategist at HCMFA since September 2015; Director of Product Strategy at HCMFA from May 2014 to September 2015; Assistant Secretary of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from March 2017 to October 2017; Secretary of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund since December 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; Assistant Treasurer of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from November 2012 to March 2017; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund from November 2012 to December 2015; Secretary of NexPoint Capital, Inc. since 2014; Secretary of NexPoint Real Estate Strategies Fund, NexPoint Strategic Income Fund, NexPoint Energy and Materials Opportunities Fund, NexPoint Discount Strategies Fund, NexPoint Healthcare Opportunities Fund, NexPoint Event-Driven Fund and NexPoint Latin American Opportunities Fund (the Interval Funds) since March 2016; and Senior Accounting Manager at HCMFA from August 2012 to May 2014. | 25 | None | Significant experience in the financial industry; significant managerial and executive experience, including experience as an officer of the Highland Funds Complex since 2012. | ||||||
| Annual Report | 41 |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| 1 | On an annual basis, as a matter of Board policy, the Governance Committee reviews each Trustees performance and determines whether to extend each such Trustees service for another year. Effective June 2013, the Board adopted a retirement policy wherein the Governance Committee shall not recommend the continued service as a Trustee of a Board member who is older than 80 years of age at the time the Governance Committee reports its findings to the Board. |
| 2 | The Highland Fund Complex consists of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund, each series of Highland Funds I, each series of Highland Funds II, Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund, Highland Global Allocation Fund II, the Interval Funds, and NexPoint Capital, Inc., a closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company under the 1940 Act. |
| 3 | Since May 1, 2015, Mr. Honis has been treated as an Independent Trustee of the Fund. Prior to that date, Mr. Honis was treated as an Interested Trustee because he was a partner of an investment adviser affiliated with the Adviser until his resignation in November 2014. As of June 30, 2018, Mr. Honis was entitled to receive aggregate severance and/or deferred compensation payments of approximately $712,000 from another affiliate of the Adviser. Mr. Honis also serves as a director of a portfolio company affiliated with the Adviser. During the Funds last two fiscal years, Mr. Honis aggregate compensation from this portfolio company for his services as a director was approximately $50,000. |
| In addition, Mr. Honis serves as a trustee of a trust that owns substantially all of the economic interest in an investment adviser affiliated with the Adviser. Mr. Honis indirectly receives an asset-based fee in respect of such interest, which is projected to range from $450,000-$550,000 annually. In light of these relationships between Mr. Honis and affiliates of the Adviser, it is possible that the SEC might in the future determine Mr. Honis to be an interested person of the Fund. |
| 4 | Prior to December 8, 2017, Mr. Powell was treated as an Interested Trustee of the Fund for all purposes other than compensation and the Funds code of ethics. |
| 5 | On February 7, 2018, Mr. Norris was appointed as an Interested Trustee of the Fund. |
| 42 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (continued)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Name and Date of Birth |
Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | |||
| Officers | ||||||
| Trey Parker (1/27/1976) |
Executive Vice President | Indefinite Term; Executive Vice President since September 2017. | Executive Vice President of HCMFA, NexPoint Advisors, L.P., Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II since September 2017; Assistant Secretary of Highland Restoration Capital Partners GP, LLC since September 2017; Assistant Secretary of Highland SunBridge GP, LLC since December 2015; Assistant Secretary of Highland Capital Management, L.P. since August 2015; Director of JHT Holdings, Inc. since August 2013; Director of TerreStar Corporation since March 2013; Director of OmniMax International, Inc. since March 2012; and Secretary of Granite Bay Advisors, L.P. since February 2012. | |||
| Frank Waterhouse (4/14/1971) |
Treasurer, Principal Accounting Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite Term; Treasurer since May 2015. Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer since October 2017. Principal Executive Officer since February 2018. | Principal Executive Officer of Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II since February 2018; Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund, Highland Global Allocation Fund II, NexPoint Capital, Inc., NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund, Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, and NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since October 2017; Treasurer of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II since August 2017; Treasurer of Acis Capital Management, L.P. since February 2012; Treasurer of Highland Capital Management, L.P. since April 2012; Assistant Treasurer of HCMFA from December 2011 until October 2012; Treasurer of HCMFA since October 2012; Treasurer of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. since March 2012; Treasurer of NexPoint Capital, Inc., NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund, Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, and NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; and Treasurer of the Interval Funds since March 2016. | |||
| Clifford Stoops (11/17/1970) |
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Assistant Treasurer since August 2017. | Assistant Treasurer of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II since August 2017; Assistant Treasurer of Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund, NexPoint Capital, Inc. and the Interval Funds since March 2017; and Chief Accounting Officer at Highland Capital Management, L.P. since December 2011. | |||
| Jason Post (1/9/1979) |
Chief Compliance Officer | Indefinite Term; Chief Compliance Officer since August 2017. | Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II since August 2017; Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of Highland Funds I, Highland Funds II, NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund and NexPoint Capital, Inc. since September 2015; Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of the Interval Funds since March 2016; and Chief Compliance Officer for HCMFA and NexPoint Advisors, L.P since September 2015. Prior to this role served as Deputy Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Compliance for Highland Capital Management, L.P. | |||
| Annual Report | 43 |
Table of Contents
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (concluded)
| June 30, 2018 | Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
| Name and Date of Birth |
Position(s) with the Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | |||
| Officers | ||||||
| Dustin Norris (1/6/1984) |
Secretary | Indefinite Term; Secretary since October 2017. | President of Highland Capital Funds Distributor, Inc. since April 2018, Head of Distribution at HCMFA since November 2017, Secretary of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund, Highland Global Allocation Fund II, Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II since October 2017; Assistant Secretary of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund and Highland Global Allocation Fund II from August 2017 to October 2017; Chief Product Strategist at HCMFA since September 2015; Director of Product Strategy at HCMFA from May 2014 to September 2015; Assistant Secretary of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from March 2017 to October 2017; Secretary of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund since December 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. since May 2015; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors II, L.P. since June 2016; Assistant Treasurer of Highland Funds I and Highland Funds II from November 2012 to March 2017; Assistant Treasurer of NexPoint Strategic Opportunities Fund from November 2012 to December 2015; Secretary of NexPoint Capital, Inc. since 2014; Secretary of the Interval Funds since March 2016; and Senior Accounting Manager at HCMFA from August 2012 to May 2014. | |||
| 44 | Annual Report |
Table of Contents
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THIS REPORT
| Annual Report | 45 |
Table of Contents
Highland Funds
c/o American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC
6201 15th Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
| Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund |
Annual Report, June 30, 2018 |
| www.highlandfunds.com | FRO-AR-0618 |
Table of Contents
| ITEM 25. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS |
| (1) | Financial Statements: |
| Part A: | Filed herewith |
| Part B: | Statement of Assets and Liabilities. | |
| Statement of Operations. | ||
| (2) | Exhibits: |
| (a)(1) | Not Applicable. | |
| (a)(2) | Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of trust, dated November 3, 2017, is filed herein. | |
| (b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws dated October 12, 2017 is filed herein. | |
| (c) | Not Applicable. | |
| (d) | Not Applicable. | |
| (e) | Dividend Reinvestment Plan, to be filed by amendment. | |
| (f) | Not Applicable. | |
| (g) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 1, 2017 is filed herein. | |
| (i) | Not Applicable. | |
| (j)(1) | Form of Custody Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 333-219103, filed on August 25, 2017. | |
| (j)(2) | Amendment to Master Custody Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 333-219103, filed on October 26, 2017. | |
| (k)(1) | Credit Facility Agreement between HFRO Sub, LLC, and Bank of America, to be filed by amendment. | |
| (l) | Not Applicable. | |
| (m) | Not Applicable. | |
| (n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed herein. | |
| (o) | Not Applicable. | |
| (p) | Not Applicable. | |
| (q) | Not Applicable. | |
| (r)(1) | Code of Ethics of the Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 333-219103, filed on August 25, 2017. | |
| (r)(2) | Code of Ethics of the Adviser is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 333-219103, filed on October 26, 2017 | |
| (s) | Powers of Attorney are incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File No. 333-219103, filed on August 25, 2017. |
| ITEM 26. | MARKETING ARRANGEMENTS |
Not Applicable.
Table of Contents
| ITEM 27. | OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION |
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement:
| Registration fees |
$ | 15,000 | ||
| Printing |
$ | 25,000 | ||
| Accounting fees and expenses |
$ | 15,000 | ||
| Legal fees and expenses |
$ | 50,000 | ||
| Miscellaneous |
$ | 5,000 | ||
| Total |
$ | 100,000 |
| ITEM 28. | PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL |
See Item 31.
| ITEM 29 | NUMBER OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
Title of Class: Common Shares of Beneficial Ownership.
Number of Record Holders: 4
| ITEM 30. | INDEMNIFICATION |
Article VIII of the Registrants Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides as follows:
Section 1. Trustees, Officers, etc. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trusts request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a Covered Person) against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any threatened, pending or contemplated action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative and whether formal or informal before any court or administrative or legislative or other body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of any alleged act or omission as a Trustee or officer or by reason of his or her being or having been such a Covered Person except with respect to any matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding (a) not to have acted in good faith, (b) not to have acted in the reasonable belief that such Covered Persons action was in (or not opposed to) the best interests of the Trust, (c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, to have had reasonable cause to believe his or her action was unlawful or (d) to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Persons office (each of such exceptions being referred to hereinafter as Disabling Conduct). Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that either (a) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such advance payments or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Article. For purposes of the determination or opinion referred to in clause (c), the majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter or independent legal counsel, as the case may be, shall afford the Covered Person a rebuttable presumption that the Covered Person did not engage in Disabling Conduct.
Table of Contents
Section 2. Compromise Payment. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication by a court, or by any other body before which the action, suit or proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person engaged in Disabling Conduct, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved as in the best interests of the Trust, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by at least a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that such Covered Person did not engage in Disabling Conduct, or (b) there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) to the effect that such Covered Person did not engage in Disabling Conduct. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with this Section as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to have engaged in Disabling Conduct.
Section 3. Right Not Exclusive. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which any such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article VIII, the term Covered Person shall include such persons heirs, executors and administrators and a disinterested Trustee is a Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (or who has been exempted from being an interested person by any rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission) and against whom none of the actions, suits or other proceedings in question or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending. Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees or officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person.
Section 4. Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a Shareholder of the Trust or of a particular series or class and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representative or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets of the series (or attributable to the class) of which he or she is a Shareholder or former Shareholder to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability.
| ITEM 31. | BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF ADVISER |
(a) The description of the business of HCMFA, the investment adviser, is set forth under the caption Management of the Funds in the Prospectuses and under the caption Management in the SAI, each forming part of this Registration Statement. The information as to other businesses, if any, and the directors and officers of HCMFA is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the SEC through the Investment Adviser Registration Depository (IARD) on March 29, 2018 (CRD No. 149653) and as amended through the date hereof, and is incorporated herein by reference.
(b) NexPoint Advisors, L.P., Highland Capital Management, L.P. (HCM), and NexBank Securities, Inc. each with its principal place of business located at 300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201, are registered investment advisers affiliated with HCMFA.
The following person is a non-executive officer of HCM:
(1) Thomas Surgent, Chief Compliance Officer
The following person is a non-executive officer of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. and HCMFA:
(1) Jason Post, Chief Compliance Officer
Table of Contents
The following persons are executive officers of the general partner of HCM and Strand Advisors, Inc.:
(1) James Dondero, President
(2) Mark Okada, Executive Vice President
(3) Scott Ellington, Secretary
(4) Frank Waterhouse, Treasurer
(5) Trey Parker, Assistant Secretary
The following persons are executive officers of the general partner of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. and NexPoint Advisors GP, LLC:
(1) James Dondero, President
(2) Trey Parker, Executive Vice President
(3) Frank Waterhouse, Treasurer
(4) Dustin Norris, Secretary
The following persons are executive officers of NexBank Securities, Inc.:
(1) Craig Campbell, President
The following persons are non-executive officers of NexBank Securities, Inc.:
(1) David Holt, Chief Compliance Officer
(2) Stacy Hodges, Financial and Operations Principal
| ITEM 32. | LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS |
| (1) | DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. (formerly known as Boston Financial Data Services Inc.), 2000 Crown Colony Drive Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-09534 (records relating to its function as transfer agent). |
| (2) | State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (records relating to its function as custodian). |
| (3) | Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P., 300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201 (records relating to its function as adviser and as administrator). |
| (4) | SEI Investments Global Fund Services, One Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456 (records relating to its function as sub-administrator). |
| ITEM 33. | MANAGEMENT SERVICES |
Not Applicable.
| ITEM 34. | UNDERTAKINGS |
| (m) | The Fund hereby undertakes as a condition to the effectiveness of the registration of its securities under the Securities Act of 1933 and pursuant to Section 14(a)(3) of the 1940 Act that it will not accept any commitments to purchase shares unless and until it has firm agreements in place with not more than 25 responsible persons to purchase securities of the Fund for an aggregate net amount equal to at least $100,000 and (i) such aggregate amount will be paid to the Fund prior to accepting any commitments to purchase shares from persons in excess of 25 and (ii) any such amounts paid to the Fund, including any sales load, will be refunded in full to a shareholder upon demand in the event net proceeds received by the Fund do not result in the Fund having a net worth of at least $100,0000 within 90 days of the effectiveness of such registration. |
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the city of Dallas and State of Texas on the 29th day of October, 2018.
| By: |
/s/ Frank Waterhouse | |
| Frank Waterhouse Treasurer, Principal Accounting Officer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature |
Title |
Date | ||||
| /s/ Dustin Norris* |
Trustee and Secretary | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| Dustin Norris | ||||||
| /s/ Ethan Powell* |
Trustee | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| Ethan Powell | ||||||
| /s/ Timothy K. Hui* |
Trustee | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| Timothy K. Hui | ||||||
| /s/ Dr. Bob Froehlich* |
Trustee | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| Dr. Bob Froehlich | ||||||
| /s/ John Honis* |
Trustee | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| John Honis | ||||||
| /s/ Bryan A. Ward* |
Trustee | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| Bryan A. Ward | ||||||
| /s/ Frank Waterhouse Frank Waterhouse |
Treasurer, Principal Accounting Officer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Executive Officer | October 29, 2018 | ||||
| * By: | /s/ Frank Waterhouse | |
| Frank Waterhouse | ||
| Attorney in Fact* |
October 29, 2018
| * | Pursuant to Powers of Attorney dated December 8, 2017 and February 26, 2018 filed herein. |
Table of Contents
Exhibit List
| (2)(a)(2) | Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of trust, dated November 3, 2017 | |
| (2)(b) | Amended and Restated By-Laws dated October 12, 2017 | |
| (2)(g) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated September 1, 2017 | |
| (2)(n) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Exhibit (a)(2)
AMENDMENT TO THE SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND
DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
To the Secretary of State of
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
It is hereby stated that:
1. This document constitutes an amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (hereinafter called the Declaration of Trust) of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund.
2. The Declaration of Trust amended by this document was filed with the Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on September 27, 2017.
3. The amendment to the Declaration of Trust effected by this document is as follows:
WHEREAS, shareholders representing a majority of the outstanding shares of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (the Trust) have authorized the Trusts Board of Trustees to amend the Trusts Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 25, 2017 (the Declaration of Trust) as indicated below,
NOW BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED, that the undersigned, being a majority of the Trustees of the Trust, acting pursuant to Article IX Section 8 of the Declaration of Trust hereby amend and restate Article VI, Section 2 of the Declaration of Trust effective immediately following 4:00 p.m. on November 3, 2017 as follows:
The Trust may, but is not required to, purchase or otherwise acquire Shares, including in accordance with Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act and other applicable law.
4. The amendment herein provided for was authorized in accordance with law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this amendment to the Declaration of Trust on the 3rd day of November, 2017.
| /s/ John Honis |
| John Honis, as Trustee |
|
|
| Bryan A. Ward, as Trustee |
|
|
| Ethan Powell, as Trustee |
|
|
| Timothy K. Hui, as Trustee |
|
|
| Dr. Bob Froehlich, as Trustee |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this amendment to the Declaration of Trust on the 3rd day of November, 2017.
|
|
| John Honis, as Trustee |
| /s/ Bryan A. Ward |
| Bryan A. Ward, as Trustee |
|
|
| Ethan Powell, as Trustee |
|
|
| Timothy K. Hui, as Trustee |
|
|
| Dr. Bob Froehlich, as Trustee |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this amendment to the Declaration of Trust on the 3rd day of November, 2017.
|
|
| John Honis, as Trustee |
|
|
| Bryan A. Ward, as Trustee |
| /s/ Ethan Powell |
| Ethan Powell, as Trustee |
|
|
| Timothy K. Hui, as Trustee |
|
|
| Dr. Bob Froehlich, as Trustee |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this amendment to the Declaration of Trust on the Jrd day of November, 2017.
|
|
| John Honis, as Trustee |
|
|
| Bryan A. Ward, as Trustee |
|
|
| Ethan Powell, as Trustee |
| /s/ Timothy K. Hui |
| Timothy K. Hui, as Trustee |
|
|
| Dr. Bob Froehlich, as Trustee |
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this amendment to the Declaration of Trust on the 3rct day of November, 2017.
|
|
| John Honis, as Trustee |
|
|
| Bryan A. Ward, as Trustee |
|
|
| Ethan Powell, as Trustee |
|
|
| Timothy K. Hui, as Trustee |
| /s/ Dr. Bob Froehlich |
| Dr. Bob Froehlich, as Trustee |
Exhibit (b)
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND
(Dated as of October 12, 2017)
ARTICLE 1
Agreement and Declaration of Trust
1.1 Agreement and Declaration of Trust. These Bylaws shall be subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in effect (the Declaration of Trust) of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (the Trust), the Massachusetts business trust established by the Declaration of Trust. Capitalized terms used but not defined in these Bylaws have the meanings given to them in the Declaration of Trust.
1.2 Resident Agent. The Trustees shall maintain a resident agent in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts which agent shall initially be CT Corporation System, 155 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. The Trustees may designate from time to time a successor resident in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
ARTICLE 2
Meetings of Trustees
2.1 Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.
2.2 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by the Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Executive Vice President or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.
2.3 Notice of Special Meetings. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting: (a) to send notice (i) by mail or courier at least forty-eight hours before the meeting, or (ii) by electronic mail (e-mail), telegram, facsimile or other electronic means at least twenty-four hours before the meeting, in each case addressed to the Trustee at his or her usual or last known business or residence address (or e-mail address, facsimile number or other appropriate address); or (b) to give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a special meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him or her. Any written waiver of notice may be provided and delivered to the Trust by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Except as required by law, neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting. All notices shall be deemed to be given when sent.
1
2.4 Quorum. At any meeting of the Trustees a majority of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum. Once a quorum has been validly established for a meeting, it cannot be broken by Trustees withdrawing from the meeting. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice to any Trustee who was present at the time of such adjournment; notice of the time and place of any adjourned session of such meeting shall, however, be given in the manner provided in Section 2.3 of these Bylaws to each Trustee who was not present at the time of such adjournment.
2.5 Presence through Communications Equipment. Except as required by law, the Trustees may participate in a meeting of Trustees by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
2.6 Action by Vote. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of Trustees present may take any action, except when a larger vote is expressly required by law, by the Declaration of Trust or by these Bylaws.
2.5 Action by Writing. Except as required by law, any action to be taken at any meeting of the Trustees may also be taken without a meeting if a majority of the Trustees (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust or these Bylaws) consent to the action in writing. Any written consent may be given by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Copies of such written consents shall be filed with the records of the proceedings of the Trustees. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of the Trustees.
If in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and these Bylaws any action is taken by the Trustees by written consents of less than all of the Trustees, then prompt notice of any such action shall be furnished to each Trustee who did not execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.
ARTICLE 3
Officers
3.1 Enumeration; Qualification. The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary and such other officers (including Vice President, which shall include the office of Executive Vice President), if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust may also have such agents as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion appoint. In addition, a Chair of the Trustees, who will be considered an officer of the Trustees and not of the Trust, may be elected. The Chair of the Trustees shall be a Trustee and may but need not be a Shareholder; any officer of the Trust may be but need not be a Trustee or a Shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.
3.2 Election. The Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer and the Secretary shall each be elected by the Trustees upon the occurrence of any vacancy in any such office. Other officers, if any, may be elected or appointed by the Trustees at any time. Vacancies in any such other office may be filled at any time.
2
3.3 Tenure. The Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer and the Secretary shall hold office in each case until his or her successor is elected or qualified, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. The Chair of the Trustees, the President, the Treasurer, the Secretary and each other officer shall hold office, and each agent shall retain authority, at the pleasure of the Trustees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the tenure of any officer of the Trust who is an employee or officer of the Trusts administrator, investment adviser or their affiliates shall automatically terminate contemporaneously with the termination of such persons employment with, or service as officer of, the Trusts administrator, investment adviser or affiliates, as applicable.
3.4 Powers. Subject to the other provisions of these Bylaws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers set forth in these Bylaws and in the Declaration of Trust, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a Massachusetts business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from time to time designate.
3.5 Chair. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide, the Chair of the Trustees shall preside at all meetings of the Trustees. The Chair of the Trustees shall have such other duties and powers relating to the operations of the Trustees as the Trustees may from time to time designate, but shall have no individual authority to act for the Trust as an officer of the Trust. The Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, may appoint one or more persons to perform the duties of the Chair of the Trustees in the event of his or her absence at any meeting or in the event of his or her disability. The Chair of the Trustees shall also have the power to appoint one or more persons to perform the duties of the Chair of the Trustees in the event of his or her absence at any meeting.
3.6 President. The President shall have the duties and powers specified in these Bylaws and shall have such other duties and powers as may be determined by the Trustees. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide by vote or otherwise, the President shall be the principal executive officer of the Trust.
3.7 Treasurer. Unless the Trustees otherwise provide by vote or otherwise, the Treasurer shall be the principal financial and accounting officer of the Trust, and shall, subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a custodian, investment adviser, administrator or transfer, Shareholder servicing or similar agent, be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the principal executive officer of the Trust.
3.8 Secretary. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the Shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence of the Secretary from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees (or a Committee thereof), an Assistant Secretary, or if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary Secretary chosen at such meeting by the chair of such meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid books.
3
3.9 Resignations and Removals. Any officer may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the Chair of the Trustees, the President or the Secretary or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. The Trustees may remove any officer elected or appointed by them with or without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no officer resigning and no officer removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.
ARTICLE 4
Committees
4.1 Quorum; Voting. Except as provided below or as otherwise specifically provided in the votes or charter constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, a majority of the members of any Committee of the Trustees shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business (which quorum once validly established cannot be broken by Trustees withdrawing from the meeting), and any action of such a Committee may be taken by a vote of a majority of the members of such Committee (a) present at a meeting of such Committee (a quorum being present), including any meeting held by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time (participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting), or (b) evidenced by one or more written consents, including written consents submitted by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means. Copies of such written consents shall be filed with the records of the proceedings of such Committee. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of such Committee. If in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and these Bylaws any action is taken by written consents of less than all of the Committees members, then prompt notice of any such action shall be furnished to each member who did not execute such written consent, provided that the effectiveness of such action shall not be impaired by any delay or failure to furnish such notice.
Except as specifically provided in the votes or charter constituting a Committee of the Trustees and providing for the conduct of its meetings, Section 2.3 of these Bylaws relating to special meetings shall govern the notice requirements for Committee meetings.
4.2 Authority of Trustees. The Trustees have the power to rescind any action of any Committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect unless determined so by the Trustees.
ARTICLE 5
Reports
5.1 General. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers and Committees shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.
4
ARTICLE 6
Fiscal Year
6.1 General. Except as from time to time otherwise provided by the Trustees, the fiscal year of the Trust shall end on June 30 in each year.
ARTICLE 7
Seal
7.1 General. The seal of the Trust, if any, shall consist of a flat-faced die with the word Massachusetts, together with the name of the Trust and the year of its organization cut or engraved thereon but, unless otherwise required by the Trustees, the seal need not be placed on, and its absence shall not impair the validity of, any document, instrument or other paper executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Trust.
ARTICLE 8
Execution of Papers
8.1 General. Except as the Trustees may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, contracts, checks, notes, drafts and other obligations made, accepted or endorsed by the Trust, and all registration statements and amendments thereto and all applications and amendments thereto to the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be signed by the Chair of the Trustees, the President, a Vice President or the Treasurer or any of such other officers or agents as shall be designated for that purpose by a vote of the Trustees, and need not bear the seal of the Trust.
ARTICLE 9
Issuance of Shares and Share Certificates
9.1 Sale of Shares. Except as otherwise determined by the Trustees, the Trust will issue and sell for cash or securities from time to time full and fractional Shares, such Shares to be issued and sold at a price of not less than the par value per share, if any, and not less than the net asset value per share as from time to time determined in accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees and, in the case of fractional Shares, at a proportionate reduction in such price. In the case of Shares sold for securities, such securities shall be valued in accordance with procedures approved by the Trustees for determining the value of the assets of the Trust. The officers of the Trust are severally authorized to take all such actions as may be necessary or desirable to carry out this Section 9.1.
9.2 Share Certificates. In lieu of issuing certificates for Shares, the Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts therefor or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such Shares, who shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be the holders of certificates for such Shares as if they had accepted such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof.
5
The Trustees may at any time authorize the issuance of Share certificates. In that event, each Shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number of Shares of each class owned by him or her, in such form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the Trustees. Such certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer. Such signatures may be facsimile if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent or by a registrar. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same effect as if he or she were such officer at the time of its issue.
9.3 Loss of Certificates. The transfer agent of the Trust, with the approval of any two officers of the Trust, is authorized to issue and countersign replacement certificates for the Shares of the Trust which have been lost, stolen or destroyed upon (i) receipt of an affidavit or affidavits of loss or non-receipt and of an indemnity agreement executed by the registered holder or his or her legal representative and supported by an open penalty surety bond, said agreement and said bond in all cases to be in form and content satisfactory to and approved by the President or the Treasurer, or (ii) receipt of such other documents as may be approved by the Trustees.
9.4 Issuance of New Certificate to Pledgee. A pledgee of Shares transferred as collateral security shall be entitled to a new certificate if the instrument of transfer substantially describes the debt or duty that is intended to be secured thereby. Such new certificate shall express on its face that it is held as collateral security, and the name of the pledgor shall be stated thereon, who alone shall be liable as a Shareholder and entitled to vote thereon.
9.5 Discontinuance of Issuance of Certificates. The Trustees may at any time discontinue the issuance of Share certificates and may, by written notice to each Shareholder whom the Trust believes to hold a Share certificate, require the surrender of Share certificates to the Trust for cancellation. Such surrender and cancellation shall not affect the ownership of Shares in the Trust.
ARTICLE 10
Shareholders
10.1 Call of a Meeting. The Secretary shall provide notice of a meeting of the Shareholders whenever ordered by the Trustees or requested in writing by the holder or holders of at least one- tenth of the outstanding Shares entitled to vote at such meeting. If the Secretary, when so ordered or requested, refuses or neglects for more than 30 days to provide such notice, the Trustees or the Shareholders so requesting may, in the name of the Secretary, call the meeting by giving notice thereof in the manner required when notice is given by the Secretary. Any previously scheduled meeting of Shareholders may be postponed or cancelled by the Trustees upon public notice given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting.
10.2 Adjournment. Any meeting of Shareholders may, by action of the chair of the meeting, be adjourned from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken with respect to one or more matters to be considered at such meeting, whether or not a quorum is present with respect to such matter. Upon motion of the chair of the meeting, the question of adjournment may be (but is not required by these Bylaws to be) submitted to a vote of the Shareholders, and in that case, any adjournment with respect to one or
6
more matters must be approved by the vote of holders of a majority of the Shares present and entitled to vote with respect to the matter or matters adjourned and, if approved, such adjournment shall take place without further notice other than announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. Unless a proxy is otherwise limited in this regard, any Shares present and entitled to vote at a meeting, including any Shares that are represented by broker non-votes, may, at the discretion of the proxies named therein, be voted in favor of such an adjournment. Any proposal for which sufficient favorable votes have been received may (but need not) be acted upon and considered final and effective regardless of whether the meeting is adjourned to permit additional solicitation with respect to any other proposal that is properly before the meeting.
10.3 Conduct of Meetings. Meetings of the Shareholders shall be presided over by the Chair of the Trustees, or, if the Chair is not present at the meeting, then by a Trustee or officer designated by the Chair or authorized by the Trustees, or if there is no such person present at the meeting, then by any officer of the Trust present at the meeting, and such person shall be deemed for all purposes the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, establishing: an agenda or order of business for the meeting; rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; conditions on the recording of the meeting; limitations on participation in such meeting to Shareholders of record of the Trust and their duly authorized and constituted proxies, and such other persons as the chair shall permit; restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; conditions for the removal of any Shareholder or any other person who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chair of the meeting; and regulations for the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. For any matter to be properly before any meeting of Shareholders, the matter must be a proper matter for Shareholder action under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws and applicable law and must be specifically identified in the notice of meeting given by or at the direction of a majority of the Trustees then in office or otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the chair of the meeting, in the chairs sole discretion. With the exception of Shareholder proposals submitted in accordance with, and otherwise meeting the requirements of, Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor provisions, only matters proposed by the Trustees may be included in the Trusts proxy materials. At all meetings of Shareholders, unless voting is conducted by inspectors, all questions relating to the qualification of voters and the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting shall determine, in the chairs sole discretion, whether to appoint an inspector for any meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chair of the meeting, meetings shall not be required to be held in accordance with any rules of parliamentary procedure.
10.4 Access to Shareholder List. Shareholders of record may apply in writing to the Trustees for assistance in communicating with other Shareholders for the purpose of calling a meeting in order to vote upon the question of removal of a Trustee. With respect to any series as to which the Trust has given such an undertaking in its registration statement, and only such a series, or for any other series as the Trustees may determine in their sole discretion, when ten or more
7
Shareholders of record who have been such for at least six months preceding the date of application and who hold in the aggregate Shares having a net asset value of at least $25,000 so apply, the Trustees shall within five business days either:
(i) afford to such applicants access to a list of names and addresses of all Shareholders as recorded on the books of the Trust; or
(ii) inform such applicants of the approximate number of Shareholders of record and the approximate cost of mailing material to them, and, within a reasonable time thereafter, mail, at the applicants expense, materials submitted by the applicants, to all such Shareholders of record. The Trustees shall not be obligated to mail materials which they believe to be misleading or in violation of applicable law.
10.5 Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the Shareholders of any class or series of Shares of the Trust who are entitled to vote or act at any meeting or any adjournment thereof, or who are entitled to receive payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees (or their designees) may from time to time fix a time, which shall be not more than 120 days before the date of any meeting of Shareholders or more than 60 days before the date of payment of any dividend or of any other distribution, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such class or series having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof or the right to receive such dividend or distribution, and in such case only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such right notwithstanding any transfer of Shares on the books of the Trust after the record date; or without fixing such record date the Trustees may for voting and/or distribution purposes close the register or transfer books for one or more series or classes for all or any part of the period prior to a meeting of Shareholders or the payment of a distribution. Nothing in this Section shall be construed as precluding the Trustees from setting different record dates for different series or classes.
10.6 Communications with Shareholders. Any notices, reports, statements or other communications with Shareholders of any kind required under the Declaration of Trust, these Bylaws or applicable law may be sent, delivered or made available in any reasonable manner as may be determined by the Trustees or officers if not otherwise prohibited by applicable law, including, without limitation, by mail, courier, e-mail, facsimile or other electronic means or by posting on a website; and such communications may be sent, delivered or otherwise made available to Shareholders in accordance with householding or other similar rules under which a single copy of such notice or report may be sent to Shareholders who reside at the same address. No communication need be given to any Shareholder who shall have failed to inform the Trust of the Shareholders current address and the Trustees may from time to time adopt, or may authorize the officers or agents of the Trust to adopt, procedures or policies with respect to communications to Shareholders that are returned to the Trust or its agents as undeliverable and similar matters. Any Shareholder may waive receipt of any notice or other communication.
10.7 Proxies. The placing of a Shareholders name on a proxy pursuant to telephonic or electronically transmitted instructions (including instructions submitted via the Internet) obtained pursuant to procedures reasonably designed to verify that such instructions have been authorized by such Shareholder shall constitute execution of such proxy by or on behalf of such Shareholder.
8
10.8 Quorum. For so long as Shares of the Trust are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, 33 1/3% of the Shares entitled to vote on a particular matter shall constitute a quorum at a Shareholders meeting, except when a larger quorum is required by applicable law or the Declaration of Trust.
ARTICLE 11
11.1 Inspection of Books. The Trustees shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent, at what times and places and under what conditions and regulations any of the accounts and books of the Trust or any series thereof shall be open to the inspection of the Shareholders, and no Shareholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Trust or any series thereof except as conferred by law or otherwise by the Trustees or by these Bylaws.
ARTICLE 12
Amendments to the Bylaws
13.1 General. These Bylaws may be amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by a majority of the Trustees then in office at any meeting of the Trustees, or by written consent in lieu thereof. These Bylaws may not be amended by Shareholders.
9
Exhibit (g)
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT made as of September 1, 2017, by and between Highland Capital Management Fund Advisors, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Adviser), and Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund II, a Massachusetts business trust (the Trust), on behalf of its series, Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund II (the Fund).
WHEREAS, the Trust is engaged in business as an open-end management investment company and is registered as such under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act); and
WHEREAS, the Adviser is engaged principally in the business of rendering investment management services and is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended;
NOW, THEREFORE, WITNESSETH: That it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:
SECTION 1. Appointment of Adviser.
The Trust hereby appoints the Adviser to act as manager and investment adviser to the Fund for the period and on the terms herein set forth. The Adviser accepts such appointment and agrees to render the services herein set forth, for the compensation herein provided.
SECTION 2. Duties of Adviser.
The Adviser, at its own expense, shall furnish the following services and facilities to the Fund:
(a) Investment Program. The Adviser shall (i) furnish continuously an investment program for the Fund, (ii) determine (subject to the overall supervision and review of the Trusts Board of Trustees) the investments to be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and the portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund to be held uninvested, (iii) make changes in the investments of the Fund and (iv) vote, exercise consents and exercise all other rights pertaining to such investments. The Adviser also shall manage, supervise and conduct the other affairs and business of the Fund and matters incidental thereto pursuant to a separate administration agreement with the Trust, subject always to the control of the Trusts Board of Trustees, and to the provisions of the organizational documents of the Trust, the Registration Statement of the Trust with respect to the Fund and its shares of beneficial interest (Shares), including the Funds Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and the 1940 Act, in each case as from time to time amended and in effect. Subject to the foregoing, the Adviser shall have the authority to engage, terminate and replace one or more sub-advisers in connection with the portfolio management of the Fund, which sub-advisers may be affiliates of the Adviser; provided, however, that the Adviser shall remain responsible to the Trust with respect to its duties and obligations on behalf of the Fund set forth in this Agreement. The
1
Adviser agrees to furnish advice and recommendations to the Fund and the Board with respect to the selection and continued employment of any sub-adviser(s) to provide investment advisory services for the portion(s) of the Funds portfolio specified by the Adviser and on terms and conditions, including but not limited to the compensation payable to any such sub-adviser(s), approved in the manner provided by applicable law.
(b) Portfolio Transactions. The Adviser shall place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the account of the Fund with brokers or dealers selected by the Adviser, although the Fund will pay the actual brokerage commissions on portfolio transactions in accordance with Section 3(d).
In placing portfolio transactions for the Fund, it is recognized that the Adviser will give primary consideration to securing the most favorable price and efficient execution. Consistent with this policy, the Adviser may, to the extent permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, consider the financial responsibility, research and investment information and other services provided by brokers or dealers who may effect or be a party to any such transaction or other transactions to which other clients of the Adviser may be a party. It is understood that neither the Fund nor the Adviser has adopted a formula for allocation of the Funds investment transaction business. It is also understood that it is desirable for the Fund that the Adviser have access to supplemental investment and market research and security and economic analysis provided by brokers who may execute brokerage transactions at a higher cost to the Fund than would otherwise result when allocating brokerage transactions to other brokers on the basis of seeking the most favorable price and efficient execution. Therefore, the Adviser is authorized to place orders for the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund with such brokers, subject to review by the Trusts Board of Trustees from time to time with respect to the extent and continuation of this practice. It is understood that the services provided by such brokers may be useful or beneficial to the Adviser in connection with its services to other clients.
On occasions when the Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients, the Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be so sold or purchased in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Adviser in the manner it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
SECTION 3. Allocation of Expenses.
Except for the services and facilities to be provided by the Adviser pursuant to a separate administration agreement with the Trust, the Fund assumes and shall pay all expenses for all other Fund operations and activities, and shall reimburse the Adviser for any such expenses incurred by the Adviser. Unless the Prospectus or Statement of Additional Information of the Fund provides otherwise, the expenses to be borne by the Fund shall include, without limitation:
(a) all expenses of organizing the Fund;
2
(b) the charges and expenses of any registrar, stock transfer or dividend disbursing agent, shareholder servicing agent, custodian or depository appointed by the Fund for the safekeeping of its cash, portfolio securities and other property, including the costs of servicing shareholder investment accounts, and bookkeeping, accounting and pricing services provided to the Fund (other than those utilized by the Adviser in providing the services described in Section 2);
(c) the charges and expenses of bookkeeping, accounting and auditors;
(d) brokerage commissions and other costs incurred in connection with transactions in the portfolio securities of the Fund, including any portion of such commissions attributable to brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
(e) taxes, including issuance and transfer taxes, and trust registration, filing or other fees payable by the Fund to federal, state or other governmental agencies;
(f) expenses, including the cost of printing certificates, relating to the issuance of Shares of the Fund;
(g) expenses involved in registering and maintaining registrations of the Fund and of its Shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and various states and other jurisdictions, including reimbursement of actual expenses incurred by the Adviser or others in performing such functions for the Fund, and including compensation of persons who are employees of the Adviser, in proportion to the relative time spent on such matters;
(h) expenses of shareholders and trustees meetings, including meetings of committees, and of preparing, printing and mailing proxy statements, quarterly reports, if any, semi-annual reports, annual reports and other communications to existing shareholders;
(i) expenses of preparing and printing prospectuses and marketing materials;
(j) compensation and expenses of trustees who are not affiliated with the Adviser;
(k) charges and expenses of legal counsel in connection with matters relating to the Fund, including, without limitation, legal services rendered in connection with the Funds trust and financial structure and relations with its shareholders, issuance of Shares of the Fund and registration and qualification of Shares under federal, state and other laws;
(l) the cost and expense of maintaining the books and records of the Fund, including general ledger accounting;
3
(m) insurance premiums on fidelity, errors and omissions and other coverages, including the expense of obtaining and maintaining a fidelity bond as required by Section 17(g) of the 1940 Act which may also cover the Adviser;
(n) expenses incurred in obtaining and maintaining any surety bond or similar coverage with respect to securities of the Fund;
(o) interest payable on Fund borrowings;
(p) such other non-recurring expenses of the Fund as may arise, including expenses of actions, suits or proceedings to which the Trust on behalf of the Fund is a party and expenses resulting from the legal obligation that the Trust on behalf of the Fund may have to provide indemnity with respect thereto;
(q) expenses and fees reasonably incidental to any of the foregoing specifically identified expenses; and
(r) all other expenses permitted by the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information of the Fund as being paid by the Fund.
SECTION 4. Advisory Fee.
In return for the services and facilities to be provided to the Fund by the Adviser as provided in Section 2 hereof, the Fund will pay the Adviser a monthly fee, computed and accrued daily, based on an annual rate set forth in Exhibit A hereto of the Funds Average Daily Managed Assets, so long as the Adviser has not waived all or a portion of such compensation. Average Daily Managed Assets of the Fund shall mean the average daily value of the total assets of the Fund, less all accrued liabilities of the Fund (other than the aggregate amount of any outstanding borrowings constituting financial leverage). The Adviser may waive a portion of its fees. If this Agreement becomes effective subsequent to the first day of a month or shall terminate before the last day of a month, compensation for such month shall be computed in a manner consistent with the calculation of the fees payable on a monthly basis. Subject to the provisions of Section 5 below, the accrued fees will be payable monthly as promptly as possible after the end of each month during which this Agreement is in effect.
SECTION 5. Reimbursements.
The parties agree that they may negotiate from time to time for the Adviser to reimburse certain costs and expenses of the Fund. If such an agreement is in effect, the determination of whether reimbursement for such costs and expenses is due the Fund from the Adviser will be made on an accrual basis once monthly, and if it is so determined that such reimbursement is due, the accrued amount of such reimbursement that is due shall serve as an offset to the investment advisory fee payable monthly by the Fund to the Adviser pursuant to Section 4 hereof, and the amount to be paid by the Adviser to the Fund as soon as is practicable at the end of a fiscal year of the Fund shall be equal to the difference between the aggregate reimbursement
4
due the Fund from the Adviser for that fiscal year and the aggregate offsets made by the Fund against the aggregate investment advisory fees payable to the Adviser pursuant to Section 4 hereof for that fiscal year by virtue of such aggregate reimbursement. The foregoing limitation on reimbursement of costs and expenses shall exclude distribution and service fees, brokerage commissions, short sale dividend expense, taxes, deferred organization expenses and extraordinary expenses (as determined by the Board of the Trustees of the Fund in the exercise of its business judgment).
SECTION 6. Indemnification.
(a) The Trust hereby agrees to indemnify the Adviser and each of the Advisers partners, officers, employees, and agents (including any individual who serves at the Advisers request as director, officer, partner, trustee or the like of another corporation) and controlling persons (each such person being an Indemnitee) against any liabilities and expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees (all as provided in accordance with applicable state law) reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or investigative body in which he may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set forth above in this paragraph or thereafter by reason of his having acted in any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Trust and furthermore, in the case of any criminal proceeding, so long as he had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful, provided, however, that (1) no Indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders or any expense of such Indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as Disabling Conduct), (2) as to any matter disposed of by settlement or a compromise payment by such Indemnitee, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless there has been a determination that such settlement or compromise is in the best interests of the Trust and that such Indemnitee appears to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the Trust and did not involve Disabling Conduct by such Indemnitee and (3) with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily prosecuted by any Indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or other proceeding by such Indemnitee was authorized by a majority of the full Board of Trustees of the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust shall not be obligated to provide any such indemnification to the extent such provision would waive any right that the Trust cannot lawfully waive.
(b) The Trust shall make advance payments in connection with the expenses of defending any action with respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Trust receives a written affirmation of the Indemnitees good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently determined that he is entitled to such indemnification and if the
5
Trustees of the Trust determine that the facts then known to them would not preclude indemnification. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be met: (1) the Indemnitee shall provide adequate security for his undertaking, (2) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (3) a majority of a quorum of Trustees of the Trust who are neither interested persons of the Trust (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding (Disinterested Non-Party Trustees) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(c) All determinations with respect to indemnification hereunder shall be made (1) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the proceeding was brought that such Indemnitee is not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct or, (2) in the absence of such a decision, by (i) a majority vote of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees of the Trust, or (ii) if such a quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable, if a majority vote of such quorum so directs, independent legal counsel in a written opinion.
(d) Each Indemnitee shall, in the performance of its duties, be fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the Trust by any of the Trusts officers or employees or by any advisor, administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer, accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or other person may also be a Trustee.
(e) The rights accruing to any Indemnitee under these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which he may be lawfully entitled.
SECTION 7. Relations with the Fund.
Subject to and in accordance with the organizational documents of the Adviser and the Trust, as well as their policies and procedures and codes of ethics, it is understood that Trustees, officers, agents and shareholders of the Fund are or may be interested in the Adviser (or any successor thereof) as directors, officers or otherwise, that partners, officers and agents of the Adviser (or any successor thereof) are or may be interested in the Fund as Trustees, officers, agents, shareholders or otherwise, and that the Adviser (or any such successor thereof) is or may be interested in the Fund as a shareholder or otherwise.
6
SECTION 8. Liability of Adviser.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Fund for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates; provided, however, that no provision of this Agreement shall be deemed to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Fund or its shareholders to which it might otherwise be subject by reason of any Disabling Conduct nor shall any provision hereof be deemed to protect any trustee or officer of the Fund against any such liability to which he might otherwise be subject by reason of any Disabling Conduct.
SECTION 9. Duration and Termination of this Agreement.
(a) Duration. This Agreement shall become effective on the date first set forth above, such date being the date on which this Agreement has been executed following: (1) the approval of the Trusts Board of Trustees, including approval by a vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Adviser or the Fund, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval; and (2) the approval by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. Unless terminated as herein provided, this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until the date that is two years after the effective date of this Agreement. Subsequent to such initial period of effectiveness, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect, subject to paragraph 9(c), so long as such continuance is approved at least annually (a) by either the Trusts Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund and (b) in either event, by the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Fund who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
(b) Amendment. No provision of this Agreement may be amended, waived, discharged or terminated orally, but only by an instrument in writing signed by the party against which enforcement of the amendment, waiver, discharge or termination is sought. Any amendment of this Agreement shall be subject to the 1940 Act including the interpretation thereof that amendments that do not increase the compensation of the Adviser or otherwise fundamentally alter the relationship of the Trust with the Adviser do not require shareholder approval if approved by the requisite majority of the Trusts Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust.
(c) Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without payment of any penalty, by vote of the Trusts Board of Trustees, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, or by the Adviser, in each case on not more than 60 days nor less than 30 days prior written notice to the other party.
(d) Automatic Termination. This Agreement shall automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
7
SECTION 10. Services Not Exclusive.
The services of the Adviser to the Fund hereunder are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Adviser (and its affiliates) shall be free to render similar services to others so long as its services hereunder are not impaired thereby; provided, however, that the Adviser will undertake no activities that, in its reasonable good faith judgment, will adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement. In addition, the parties may enter into other agreements pursuant to which the Adviser provides administrative or other, non-investment advisory services to the Fund, and the Adviser may be compensated for such other services.
SECTION 11. Notices.
Notices under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be addressed, and delivered or mailed postage prepaid, to the other party at such address as such other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notices. Until further notice to the other party, the address of each party to this Agreement for this purpose shall be 200 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas 75201.
SECTION 12. Governing Law; Severability; Counterparts.
This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. To the extent that applicable law of the State of Delaware, or any of the provisions herein, conflict with applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, the latter shall control. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall, together, constitute only one instrument.
SECTION 13. Use of the Name Highland.
The Adviser has consented to the use by the Trust of the name or identifying word Highland in the name of the Trust. Such consent is conditioned upon the employment of the Adviser as the investment adviser to the Trust. The name or identifying word Highland may be used from time to time in other connections and for other purposes by the Adviser and any of its affiliates. The Adviser may require the Trust to cease using Highland in the name of the Trust if the Trust ceases to employ, for any reason, the Adviser, any successor thereto or any affiliate thereof as investment adviser of the Trust.
SECTION 14. Miscellaneous.
The Adviser agrees to advise the Fund of any change of its membership (which shall mean its general partner) within a reasonable time after such change. If the Adviser enters into a definitive agreement that would result in a change of control (within the meaning of the 1940 Act) of the Adviser, it agrees to give the Fund the lesser of 60 days written notice and such notice as is reasonably practicable before consummating the transaction.
Where the effect of a requirement of the 1940 Act reflected in or contemplated by any provisions of this Agreement is altered by a rule, regulation or order of the SEC, whether of special or general application, such provision shall be deemed to incorporate the effect of such rule, regulation or order.
8
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first set forth above.
HIGHLAND FLOATING RATE OPPORTUNITIES FUND II
| By: |
| |
| Name: Dustin Norris | ||
| Title: Assistant Secretary |
HIGHLAND CAPITAL MANAGEMENT FUND ADVISORS, L.P.
| By: | STRAND ADVISORS XVI, INC., | |
| its general partner | ||
| By: |
| |
| Name: Frank Waterhouse | ||
| Title: Treasurer | ||
EXHIBIT A
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund II
| Breakpoint | Advisory Fee | |||
| First $1 billion |
0.65 | % | ||
| Next $2 billion |
0.60 | % | ||
| Over $2 billion |
0.55 | % | ||
Exhibit (n)
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Trustees
Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund:
We consent to the use of our report dated September 24, 2018, with respect to the financial statements of Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund, incorporated herein by reference, and to the references to our firm under the headings INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM and FINANCIAL STATEMENTS in the statement of additional information.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
October 29, 2018
Serious News for Serious Traders! Try StreetInsider.com Premium Free!
You May Also Be Interested In
- Highland Opportunities and Income Fund Announces the Regular Monthly Distribution
- Cleghorn Minerals Announces Up To $400,000 Private Placement Financing
- Vibrint’s Quantum and LiFi Solutions Assessed ‘Awardable’ for DoW in CDAO’s Tradewinds Solutions Marketplace
Create E-mail Alert Related Categories
SEC FilingsSign up for StreetInsider Free!
Receive full access to all new and archived articles, unlimited portfolio tracking, e-mail alerts, custom newswires and RSS feeds - and more!



Tweet
Share