Form 485BPOS VANGUARD VARIABLE INSURA

VANGUARD VARIABLE INSURANCE FUNDS

Contents of Registration Statement

This Registration Statement consists of the following paper and documents:

Part A — Prospectus

All series of the Registrant

Part B — Statement of Additional Information

All series of the Registrant

Part C — Other Information

Signature Page Exhibits

Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund

Prospectus

April 29, 2016

This prospectus contains financial data for the Portfolios through the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

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Money Market Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide current income while maintaining liquidity and a stable share price of $1.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

1 Vanguard and the Portfolio’s Board have voluntarily agreed to temporarily limit certain net operating expenses in excess of the Portfolio’s daily yield so as to maintain a zero or positive yield for the Portfolio. Vanguard and the Portfolio’s Board may terminate the temporary expense limitation at any time.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Principal Investment Policies

The Portfolio invests primarily in high-quality, short-term money market instruments, including certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, commercial paper, Eurodollar and Yankee obligations, and other money market securities. To be considered high quality, a security generally must be rated in one of the two highest credit-quality categories for short-term securities by at least two nationally recognized rating services (or by one, if only one rating service has rated the security). If unrated, the security must be determined by Vanguard to be of quality equivalent to securities in the two highest credit-quality categories. The Portfolio invests more than 25% of its assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services industry. The Portfolio maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average life of 120 days or less.

Principal Risks

The Portfolio is designed for investors with a low tolerance for risk; however, the Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. Because the Portfolio’s income is based on short-term interest rates—which can fluctuate significantly over short periods—income risk is expected to be high.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

• Credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. Credit risk should be very low for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in securities that are considered to be of high quality.

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• Foreign investment risk. The Portfolio’s investment in Eurodollar and Yankee obligations, which include certificates of deposit issued in U.S. dollars by foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks, subjects it to the same risks as U.S. money market instruments, such as income risk and credit risk. Additional risks of Eurodollar and Yankee obligations include the chance that a foreign government will not let U.S. dollar-denominated assets leave the country, the chance that the banks that issue Eurodollar obligations may not be subject to the same regulations as U.S. banks, and the chance that adverse political or economic developments will affect investments in a foreign country.

• Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that there will be overall problems affecting a particular industry. Because the Portfolio invests more than 25% of its assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services industry, the Portfolio’s performance depends to a greater extent on the overall condition of that industry and is more susceptible to events affecting that industry.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although the Portfolio seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Portfolio.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and a comparative benchmark, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Returns for the Variable Insurance Money Market Funds Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 1.32% (quarter ended December 31, 2006), and the lowest return for a quarter was 0.02% (quarter ended September 30, 2014).

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Manager

John C. Lanius, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has managed the Portfolio since 2004.

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Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide current income while maintaining limited price volatility.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 74% of the average value of its portfolio.

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Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests in a variety of high-quality and, to a lesser extent, medium-quality fixed income securities. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Portfolio’s assets will be invested in short- and intermediate-term investment-grade securities. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders. High-quality fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of A3 or better by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s), or by another independent rating agency or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Portfolio’s advisor; medium-quality fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of Baa1, Baa2, or Baa3 by Moody’s or another independent rating agency, or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Portfolio’s advisor. (Investment-grade fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of Baa3 and above by Moody’s.) The Portfolio is expected to maintain a dollar-weighted average maturity of 1 to 4 years.

Principal Risks

The Portfolio is designed for investors with a low tolerance for risk; however, you could still lose money by investing in it. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. Income risk is generally high for short-term bond funds, so investors should expect the Portfolio’s monthly income to fluctuate.

• Interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be low for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in short-term bonds, whose prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of longer-term bonds.

• Credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. Although the Portfolio invests a limited portion of its assets in low-quality bonds, credit risk should be low for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in bonds that are considered high-quality and, to a lesser extent, in bonds that are considered medium-quality.

• Call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Call risk should be low for the Portfolio.

• Extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. Extension risk is generally low for short-term bond funds.

• Liquidity risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price.

Liquidity risk is generally low for short-term corporate bonds.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 5.92% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –2.98% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Manager

Gregory S. Nassour, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Portfolio since 2002.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

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Total Bond Market Index Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to track the performance of a broad, market-weighted bond index.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 149% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the Barclays U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index. This Index represents a wide spectrum of public, investment-grade, taxable, fixed income securities in the United States—including government, corporate, and international dollar-denominated bonds, as well as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities—all with maturities of more than 1 year.

The Portfolio invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. All of the Portfolio’s investments will be selected through the sampling process, and under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Portfolio’s assets will be invested in bonds held in the Index. The Portfolio maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity consistent with that of the Index, which generally ranges between 5 and 10 years.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be moderate for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in short- and intermediate-term bonds, whose prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of long-term bonds.

• Income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. Income risk is generally high for short-term bond funds and moderate for intermediate-term bond funds, so investors should expect the Portfolio’s monthly income to fluctuate accordingly.

• Call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Call risk should be moderate for the Portfolio because it invests only a portion of its assets in callable bonds.

• Prepayment risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, homeowners will refinance their mortgages before their maturity dates, resulting in prepayment of mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolio. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the mortgage’s principal and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such prepayments and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Prepayment risk is moderate for the Portfolio because it invests only a portion of its assets in mortgage-backed securities.

• Extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. For funds that invest in mortgage-backed securities, extension risk is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, homeowners will prepay their mortgages at slower rates. Extension risk is generally moderate for intermediate-term bond funds.

• Credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. Credit risk should be low for the Portfolio because it purchases only bonds that are of investment-grade quality.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Portfolio, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Portfolio’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Portfolio should be low.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of its target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 4.40% (quarter ended December 31, 2008), and the lowest return for a quarter was –2.50% (quarter ended June 30, 2013).

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

William D. Baird, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2008.

Joshua C. Barrickman, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and co-head of Vanguard’s Fixed Income Indexing Americas. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

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High Yield Bond Portfolio

Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks to provide a high level of current income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 38% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests primarily in a diversified group of high-yielding, higher-risk corporate bonds—commonly known as “junk bonds”—with medium- and lower-range credit-quality ratings. Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio invests at least 80% of its assets in corporate bonds that are rated below Baa by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s); have an equivalent rating by any other independent bond-rating agency; or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Portfolio’s advisor. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

The Portfolio may not invest more than 20% of its assets in any of the following, taken as a whole: bonds with credit ratings lower than B or the equivalent, convertible securities, preferred stocks, and fixed and floating rate loans of medium- to lower-range credit quality. The loans in which the Portfolio may invest will be rated Baa or below by Moody’s; have an equivalent rating by any other independent bond-rating agency; or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Portfolio’s advisor. The Portfolio’s high-yield bonds and loans have mostly short- and intermediate-term maturities.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Credit risk, which is the chance that a bond or loan issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline. Credit risk should be high for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in bonds and loans with medium- and lower-range credit-quality ratings.

• Income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. Income risk is generally high for short-term bond funds and moderate for intermediate-term bond funds, so investors should expect the Portfolio’s monthly income to fluctuate accordingly.

• Call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Call risk should be moderate for the Portfolio because it invests only a portion of its assets in callable bonds.

• Interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond or loan prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be moderate for the Portfolio because it invests primarily in short- and intermediate-term bonds, whose prices are less sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of long-term bonds.

• Liquidity risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price.

Liquidity risk should be low to moderate for the Portfolio.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Because of the speculative nature of junk bonds, you should carefully consider the risks associated with this portfolio.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 14.41% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –14.60% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

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Investment Advisor

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Portfolio Manager

Michael L. Hong, CFA, Managing Director and Fixed Income Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed the Portfolio since 2008.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide current income and low to moderate capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio (based on the fees and expenses of the underlying funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 15% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds and other portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund (collectively, the underlying funds) according to an asset-allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 60% of the Portfolio’s assets to fixed-income securities and 40% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Portfolio’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

The Portfolio’s indirect fixed-income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard, typically with foreign currency exchange forward contracts, to minimize foreign currency exposure). The Portfolio’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.

The Portfolio uses its investment in large-cap U.S. stocks and small- and mid-cap U.S. stocks to gain exposure to the overall domestic stock market. While the percentage of the Portfolio’s assets invested in either of these two asset classes may deviate slightly from the target allocation, the combination of the two asset classes will equal approximately 28% of the Portfolio’s assets in the aggregate.

The Portfolio’s board of trustees may change the targeted allocation to the underlying asset classes without shareholder approval.

Principal Risks

The Portfolio is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. However, because fixed-income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Portfolio invests more than half of its assets in fixed-income securities, the Portfolio’s overall level of risk should be low to moderate.

• With a target allocation of approximately 60% of its assets to fixed-income securities, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund

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would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as prepayment risk. The Portfolio is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed-income securities fund may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.

• With approximately 40% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Portfolio is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and other comparative benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Returns for the Variable Insurance Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Conservative Funds Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 5.03% (quarter ended March 31, 2012), and the lowest return for a quarter was –2.63% (quarter ended September 30, 2015).

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Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

William Coleman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide capital appreciation and a low to moderate level of current income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio (based on the fees and expenses of the underlying funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 12% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds and other portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund (collectively, the underlying funds) according to an asset-allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 60% of the Portfolio’s assets to common stocks and 40% to fixed-income securities. The targeted percentage of the Portfolio’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

The Portfolio’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. The Portfolio’s indirect fixed-income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard, typically with foreign currency exchange forward contracts, to minimize foreign currency exposure).

The Portfolio uses its investment in large-cap U.S. stocks and small- and mid-cap U.S. stocks to gain exposure to the overall domestic stock market. While the percentage of the Portfolio’s assets invested in either of these two asset classes may deviate slightly from the target allocation, the combination of the two asset classes will equal approximately 42% of the Portfolio’s assets in the aggregate.

The Portfolio’s boad of trustees may change the targeted allocation to the underlying asset classes without shareholder approval.

Principal Risks

The Portfolio is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. However, because fixed-income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Portfolio invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed-income securities, the Portfolio’s overall level of risk should be moderate.

• With approximately 60% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Portfolio is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries and regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

• With a target allocation of approximately 40% of its assets to fixed-income securities, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as prepayment risk. The Portfolio is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies,

16

or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed-income securities fund may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and other comparative benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Returns for the Variable Insurance Mixed-Asset Target Allocation Moderate Funds Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 7.52% (quarter ended March 31, 2012), and the lowest return for a quarter was –4.64% (quarter ended September 30, 2015).

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

William Coleman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

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Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Balanced Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and reasonable current income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 45% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests 60% to 70% of its assets in dividend-paying and, to a lesser extent, non-dividend-paying common stocks of established large companies. In choosing these companies, the advisor seeks those that appear to be undervalued but have prospects for improvement. These stocks are commonly referred to as value stocks. The remaining 30% to 40% of Portfolio assets are invested mainly in fixed income securities that the advisor believes will generate a reasonable level of current income. These securities include investment-grade corporate bonds, with some exposure to U.S. Treasury and government agency bonds, and mortgage-backed securities.

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Principal Risks

The Portfolio is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. However, because stock and bond prices can move in different directions or to different degrees, the Portfolio’s bond holdings may counteract some of the volatility experienced by the Portfolio’s stock holdings.

• With approximately 60% to 70% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to the following stock risks: stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline; and investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years.

• With approximately 30% to 40% of its assets allocated to bonds, the Portfolio is proportionately subject to the following bond risks: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates; income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline; liquidity risk, which is the chance that Portfolio may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price; and call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as prepayment risk.

• The Portfolio is also subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 13.60% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –10.86% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

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Investment Advisor

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Portfolio Managers

Edward P. Bousa, CFA, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed the stock portion of the Portfolio since 2003.

John C. Keogh, Senior Managing Director and Fixed Income Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed the bond portion of the Portfolio since 2003.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Equity Income Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide an above-average level of current income and reasonable long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

20

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 36% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of mid-size and large companies whose stocks pay above-average levels of dividend income and are considered to have the potential for capital appreciation. In addition, the advisors generally look for companies that they believe are committed to paying dividends consistently. Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio will invest at least 80% of its assets in equity securities. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders. The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from mid- and large-capitalization dividend-paying value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Mid- and large-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

21

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and other comparative benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Returns for the Variable Insurance Equity Income Funds Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 15.14% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –17.99% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

Investment Advisors

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

W. Michael Reckmeyer, III, CFA, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2007.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2012.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2003 (co-managed since 2012).

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and Head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vanguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2016.

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Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Diversified Value Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 13% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by the advisor to be undervalued. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to such measures as earnings and book value. These stocks often have above-average dividend yields.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large- and mid-capitalization value stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large- and mid-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks because, among other things, mid-size companies are more sensative to changing economic conditions.

• Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Portfolio tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.07% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –20.32% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

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Investment Advisor

Barrow, Hanley, Mewhinney & Strauss, LLC (Barrow, Hanley)

Portfolio Managers

Jeff G. Fahrenbruch, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has served as a co-manager of the Portfolio since 2013.

David W. Ganucheau, CFA, Managing Director of Barrow, Hanley. He has served as a co-manager of the Portfolio since 2013.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of the overall stock market.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio (based on the fees and expenses of the underlying funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual operating expenses of the Portfolio and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) Total Market Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in two Vanguard funds—Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio and Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund. The S&P Total Market Index consists of substantially all of the U.S. common stocks regularly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq over-the-counter market.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. Though the Portfolio seeks to track the Index, its performance typically can be expected to fall short by a small percentage representing operating costs of the underlying funds. The Portfolio is subject to the following risk, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. In addition, the Portfolio’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of its target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 16.95% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –22.75% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

William Coleman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2013.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Equity Index Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of large-capitalization stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, a widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies. The Portfolio attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Portfolio’s target index tracks a subset of the U.S. stock market, which could cause the Portfolio to perform differently from the overall stock market. In addition, the Portfolio’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large-capitalization stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of its target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 15.95% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.84% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Donald M. Butler, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2016.

Scott E. Geiger, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2016.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

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Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of mid-capitalization stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 23% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the CRSP US Mid Cap Index, a broadly diversified index of stocks of mid-size U.S. companies. The Portfolio attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Portfolio’s target index tracks a subset of the U.S. stock market, which could cause the Portfolio to perform differently from the overall stock market. In addition, the Portfolio’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of the Portfolio’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 21.44% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –25.65% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

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Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Donald M. Butler, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 1999 (co-managed since 2016).

Michael A. Johnson, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2016.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Growth Portfolio

Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 38% of the average value of its portfolio.

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Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests mainly in large-capitalization stocks of U.S. companies considered to have above-average earnings growth potential and reasonable stock prices in comparison with expected earnings. The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from large-capitalization growth stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Large-cap growth stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years.

• Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Portfolio tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the information technology sector subjects the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of relevant market indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 18.12% (quarter ended March 31, 2012), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.54% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

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Investment Advisors

Jackson Square Partners, LLC (Jackson Square)

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

William Blair Investment Management, LLC (William Blair)

Portfolio Managers

Christopher J. Bonavico, CFA, Portfolio Manager and Equity Analyst at Jackson Square. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

Christopher M. Ericksen, CFA, Portfolio Manager and Equity Analyst at Jackson Square. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

Daniel J. Prislin, CFA, Portfolio Manager and Equity Analyst at Jackson Square. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

Jeffrey S. Van Harte, CFA, Chairman and Chief Investment Officer at Jackson Square. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

Andrew J. Shilling, CFA, Senior Managing Director and Equity Portfolio Manager of Wellington Management. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

James Golan, CFA, Partner and Portfolio Manager of William Blair. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2010.

David Ricci, CFA, Partner and Portfolio Manager of William Blair. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2011.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

Capital Growth Portfolio

Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests in stocks considered to have above-average earnings growth potential that is not reflected in their current market prices. The Portfolio consists predominantly of large- and mid-capitalization stocks.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from mid- and large-capitalization growth stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Mid- and large-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks.

• Asset concentration risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks. The Portfolio tends to invest a high percentage of assets in its ten largest holdings.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investments in the health care and information technology sectors subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of these sectors.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

35

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses, but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 14.43% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –21.64% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

Investment Advisor

PRIMECAP Management Company (PRIMECAP)

Portfolio Managers

Theo A. Kolokotrones, Chairman of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002.

Joel P. Fried, President of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002.

Alfred W. Mordecai, Vice Chairman of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since its inception in 2002.

M. Mohsin Ansari, Executive Vice President of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2007.

James Marchetti, Senior Vice President, Portfolio Manager, and Principal of PRIMECAP. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2015.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

36

Small Company Growth Portfolio

Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher. “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses” are expenses incurred indirectly by the Portfolio through its ownership of shares in other investment companies, such as business development companies. Business development company expenses are similar to the expenses paid by any operating company held by the Portfolio. They are not direct costs paid by Portfolio shareholders and are not used to calculate the Portfolio’s net asset value. They have no impact on the costs associated with portfolio operations.

1 Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in the Portfolio’s financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a portfolio’s actual operating costs.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 57% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

Under normal circumstances the Portfolio invests at least 80% of its assets primarily in common stocks of small companies. These companies tend to be unseasoned but are considered by the Portfolio’s advisors to have superior growth potential. Also, these companies often provide little or no dividend income. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders. The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from small-capitalization growth stocks will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently. Small companies tend to have greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the information technology sector subjects the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 20.18% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –25.40% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

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Investment Advisors
Arrowpoint Asset Management, LLC (Arrowpoint Partners)

Granahan Investment Management, Inc. (Granahan)

The Vanguard Group, (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Chad Meade, Partner and Portfolio Manager of Arrowpoint Partners. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since January 2016.

Brian Schaub, CFA, Partner and Portfolio Manager of Arrowpoint Partners. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since January 2016.

Gary C. Hatton, CFA, co-Founder and Chief Investment Officer of Granahan. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since its inception in 1996.

Jane M. White, co-Founder, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Granahan. She has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since its inception in 1996.

Jennifer M. Pawloski, Vice President of Granahan. She has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2014.

Michael R. Roach, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2012.

James P. Stetler, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2008 (co-managed since 2012).

Binbin Guo, Ph.D., Principal of Vanguard and head of Equity Research and Portfolio Strategies of Vaguard’s Quantitative Equity Group. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2016.

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

International Portfolio

Investment Objective
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

39

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 23% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio invests predominantly in the stocks of companies located outside the United States and is expected to diversify its assets in countries across developed and emerging markets. In selecting stocks, the Portfolio’s advisors evaluate foreign markets around the world and choose large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies considered to have above-average growth potential. The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. growth stocks, and, to the extent that the Portfolio is invested in them, small- and mid-capitalization stocks, will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. In addition, investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks tend to be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Portfolio may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, including emerging markets, the Portfolio’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. In addition, significant investment in the financial sector subjects the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of this sector.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

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Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of a relevant market index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. Returns for the Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 27.23% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –23.31% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Investment Advisors

Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford)

M&G Investment Management Limited (M&G)

Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders)

Portfolio Managers

James K. Anderson, Partner of Baillie Gifford & Co., which is the 100% owner of Baillie Gifford, and Head of Global Equities. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2003 (co-managed since 2013).

Kave Sigaroudinia, Partner of Baillie Gifford & Co., which is the 100% owner of Baillie Gifford. He has co-managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2013.

Charles Anniss, CFA, Portfolio Manager at M&G. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2014.

Simon Webber, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Schroders. He has managed a portion of the Portfolio since 2009.

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Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisors do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

REIT Index Portfolio

Investment Objective

The Portfolio seeks to provide a high level of income and moderate long-term capital appreciation by tracking the performance of a benchmark index that measures the performance of publicly traded equity REITs.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio. The expenses shown in the table and in the example that follow do not reflect additional fees and expenses associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If those additional fees and expenses were included, overall expenses would be higher.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you invested $10,000 in the Portfolio’s shares. This example assumes that the Portfolio provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual portfolio operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Portfolio Turnover

The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Portfolio’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the MSCI US REIT Index. The Index is composed of stocks of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs). The Portfolio attempts to replicate the Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

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Principal Risks

An investment in the Portfolio could lose money over short or even long periods. You should expect the Portfolio’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Portfolio is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Portfolio’s performance:

• Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that the stocks of REITs will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Portfolio concentrates its assets in REIT stocks, industry concentration risk is high.

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Portfolio’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Portfolio to underperform the overall stock market.

• Interest rate risk, which is the chance that REIT stock prices overall will decline, and that the cost of borrowing for REITs will increase because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk is high for the Portfolio.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from REIT stocks—which typically are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, REIT stocks have performed quite differently from the overall market.

• Derivatives risk. The Portfolio may invest in derivatives, which may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets.

An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Portfolio. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Portfolio has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Portfolio compare with those of its target index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s returns are net of its expenses but do not reflect additional fees and expenses that are deducted by the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest. If such fees and expenses were included in the calculation of the Portfolio’s returns, the returns would be lower. Keep in mind that the Portfolio’s past performance does not indicate how the Portfolio will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website for Financial Advisors at advisors.vanguard.com or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-522-5555.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was 34.45% (quarter ended September 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was –38.26% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2015

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Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Portfolio since 2016.

Gerard C. O’Reilly, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Portfolio since its inception in 1999 (co-managed since 2016).

Tax Information

The Portfolio normally distributes its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders, which are the insurance company separate accounts that sponsor your variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. The tax consequences to you of your investment in the Portfolio depend on the provisions of the annuity or life insurance contract through which you invest. For more information on taxes, please refer to the prospectus of the annuity or life insurance contract through which Portfolio shares are offered.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Portfolio and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Portfolio shares.

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An Introduction to Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund

This prospectus explains the investment objectives, policies, strategies, and risks associated with the 17 Portfolios that make up Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund (the Fund). The Portfolios are mutual funds used solely as investment options for annuity or life insurance contracts offered by insurance companies. This means that you cannot purchase shares of the Portfolios directly, but only through a contract offered by an insurance company.

Each Portfolio of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund is separate from any other Vanguard mutual fund, even when a Portfolio and a fund have the same investment objective and advisor. Each Portfolio’s investment performance will differ from the performance of any other Vanguard fund because of differences in the securities held and because of administrative and insurance costs associated with the annuity or life insurance program through which you invest.

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Investing in the Money Market Portfolio

What is Money Market Reform?

In July 2014, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) implemented a number of regulatory changes designed to enhance the stability and resilience of all money market funds. The reforms have created three categories of money market funds:

• Retail money market funds, which may maintain a stable net asset value (NAV) but are subject to liquidity fees and redemption gates.

• Government money market funds, which may maintain a stable NAV but are not required to implement liquidity fees and redemption gates.

• Institutional money market funds, which are required to have a floating NAV and are subject to liquidity fees and redemption gates.

The board of trustees of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Money Market Portfolio (the Board), in accordance with the best interest of the shareholders, approved a number of changes in response to the SEC’s 2014 amendments to the rules governing money market funds. The changes will become effective on or before October 14, 2016 (Compliance Date). Additional approvals are expected to be made, as needed, on or before the Compliance Date.

How Does This Affect Vanguard Money Market Funds?

The money market fund reforms adopted by the SEC in July 2014 will take effect during 2015 and 2016 on or before the Compliance Date. The reforms will impact money market funds differently, depending on the types of investors permitted to invest in the fund and the types of securities in which the fund may invest.

Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Money Market Portfolio

Vanguard has designated Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Money Market Portfolio as a retail money market fund.

Retail money market funds are defined as prime or tax-exempt money market funds that have policies and procedures reasonably designed to limit all beneficial owners of such money market funds to natural persons. Retail money market funds will be allowed to continue to maintain a stable NAV through the use of amortized cost accounting. If a retail money market fund’s weekly assets fall below a certain threshold, retail money market funds are subject to fees and gates.

There are two types of liquidity fees: discretionary liquidity fees and default liquidity fees.

Discretionary liquidity fee. The Portfolio may impose a liquidity fee of up to 2% on all redemptions in the event that the Portfolio’s weekly liquid assets fall below 30% of its total assets if the Board determines that it is in the best interest of the Portfolio. Once the Portfolio has restored its weekly liquidity asset to 30% of total assets, any liquidity fee must be suspended.

Default liquidity fee. The Portfolio is required to impose a liquidity fee of 1% on all redemptions in the event that the Portfolio’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of its total assets unless the Board determines that (1) the fee is not in the best interest of the Portfolio or (2) a lesser/higher fee (up to 2%) is in the best interest of the Portfolio.

In addition to, or in lieu of, the liquidity fee, the Portfolio is permitted to implement temporarily a redemption gate (i.e., suspend redemptions) if the Portfolio’s weekly liquid assets fall below 30% of its total assets. The gate could remain in effect for no longer than 10 days in any 90-day period. Once the Portfolio has restored its weekly liquidity assets to 30% of total assets, the gate must be lifted.

The Portfolio is subject to money market fund reform regulatory risk, which is the chance that 2014 SEC reforms will affect the Portfolio’s investment strategy, fees and expenses, portfolio, share liquidity, and return potential as the rules are implemented in 2015 and 2016.

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More on the Portfolios

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as an investor in any of the Portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Portfolio investor. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk^® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide which portfolio, if any, is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

This part of the prospectus is divided into four main sections: More on the Money Market Portfolio, More on the Bond Portfolios, More on the Balanced Portfolios, and More on the Stock Portfolios. These sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Portfolio uses in pursuit of its objective. Following these sections is additional information that applies to some or all of the Portfolios.

As you read the prospectus, be aware that the Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the management of the Portfolios, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental.

More on the Money Market Portfolio

The Money Market Portfolio’s primary policy is to invest in very high-quality money market instruments. Also known as cash equivalent investments, these instruments are considered short term (i.e., they usually mature in 397 days or less). Portfolio maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity of 60 days or less and has a dollar-weighted average life of 120 days less. The Portfolio invests more than 25% of its assets in money market instruments issued by companies in the financial services industry.

The Portfolio is subject to income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. The Portfolio’s income declines when interest rates fall because the Portfolio then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing instruments in lower-yielding instruments. Because the Portfolio’s income is based on short-term interest rates—which can fluctuate significantly over short periods—income risk is expected to be high.

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The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), advisor to the Money Market Portfolio, selects high-quality money market instruments. The Portfolio invests in commercial paper, U.S. Treasury and agency securities, certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, and other money market securities. Commercial paper must be rated at least Prime-1 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s), or A-1 by Standard & Poor’s. Securities that are unrated must be issued by a company with a debt rating of A3 or better by Moody’s or A– or better by Standard & Poor’s. The Portfolio also invests in short-term corporate, state, and municipal obligations rated A3 or better by Moody’s or A– or better by Standard & Poor’s, as well as in securities issued by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities whose interest and principal payments are neither guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury nor backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. In addition, the Portfolio invests in securities issued by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

The Portfolio is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

The Portfolio is subject, to a limited extent, to credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline. Credit risk should be very low for the Portfolio because it invests in securities that are considered to be of high quality.

The Portfolio is subject to foreign investment risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s investment in Eurodollar and Yankee obligations, which include certificates of deposit issued in U.S. dollars by foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks, subjects it to the same risks as U.S. money market instruments, such as income risk and credit risk. Additional risks of Eurodollar and Yankee obligations include the chance that a foreign government will not let U.S. dollar-denominated assets leave the country, the chance that the banks that issue Eurodollar obligations may not be subject to the same regulations as U.S. banks, and the chance that adverse political or economic developments will affect investments in a foreign country.

The Portfolio is subject to industry concentration risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s performance will be significantly affected, for better or for worse, by developments in the financial services industry.

More than 25% of the Portfolio’s assets will be invested in instruments issued by companies in the financial services industry, such as banks, insurance companies, real estate-related companies, securities firms, leasing companies, and other companies principally engaged in providing financial services to consumers and industry. These investments include, among others, bank obligations, high-quality asset-backed securities, and securities issued by the automobile finance industry. Changes in economic, regulatory, and political conditions that affect financial services companies could have a significant effect on the Portfolio. These conditions include changes in interest rates and defaults in payments by borrowers.

The Money Market Portfolio may also invest in Eurodollar and Yankee obligations, which include certificates of deposit issued in U.S. dollars by foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks. Eurodollar and Yankee obligations have the same risks as U.S. money market instruments, such as income risk and credit risk. Additional risks of Eurodollar and Yankee obligations include the chance that a foreign government will not let U.S. dollar-denominated assets leave the country, the chance that the banks that issue Eurodollar obligations may not be subject to the same regulations as U.S. banks, and the chance that adverse political or economic developments will affect investments in a foreign country. Before the Portfolio’s advisor selects a Eurodollar or Yankee obligation, however, any foreign issuer undergoes the same credit-quality analysis and tests of financial strength as those for the issuers of domestic securities.

Investing in Repurchase Agreements

The Portfolio may also invest in repurchase agreements, which carry several risks. For instance, if the seller is unable to repurchase the securities as promised, the Portfolio may experience a loss when trying to sell the securities to another buyer. Also, if the seller becomes insolvent, a bankruptcy court may determine that the securities do not belong to the Portfolio and order that the securities be used to pay off the seller’s debts. The Portfolio’s advisor believes that these risks can be controlled through careful security and counterparty selection and monitoring.

The Portfolio reserves the right to invest, to a limited extent, in adjustable-rate securities, which are a type of derivative.

An adjustable-rate security’s interest rate, as the name implies, is not set; instead, it fluctuates periodically. Generally, the security’s yield is based on a U.S. dollar-based interest-rate benchmark such as the federal funds rate, the 90-day Treasury bill rate, or the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). Adjustable-rate securities reset their yields on a periodic basis (e.g., daily, weekly, or quarterly) or upon a change in the benchmark interest rate. These yields are closely correlated to changes in money market interest rates. The Portfolio will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

In addition, the Portfolio may invest up to 5% of its net assets in illiquid securities. These are securities that the Portfolio may not be able to sell within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which they are valued.

More on the Bond Portfolios

The Short-Term Investment-Grade, Total Bond Market Index, and High Yield Bond Portfolios each invest mainly in bonds.

The bond Portfolios are subject to varying levels of interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates.

Although bonds are often thought to be less risky than stocks, there have been periods when bond prices have fallen significantly because of rising interest rates. For instance, prices of long-term bonds fell by almost 48% between December 1976 and September 1981.

To illustrate the relationship between bond prices and interest rates, the following table shows the effect of a 1% and a 2% change (both up and down) in interest rates on the values of three noncallable bonds (i.e., bonds that cannot be redeemed by the issuer) of different maturities, each with a face value of $1,000.

These figures are for illustration only; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of the bond market as a whole or the Portfolios in particular.

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In general, interest rate fluctuations widen as a bond portfolio’s average maturity lengthens. The Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio is expected to have a low level of interest rate risk. The Total Bond Market Index and High Yield Bond Portfolios are expected to have a moderate level of interest rate risk because their holdings have an intermediate-term average maturity.

Each bond Portfolio is subject to income risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. A Portfolio’s income declines when interest rates fall because the Portfolio then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing bonds in lower-yielding bonds.

In general, income risk is higher for short-term bond portfolios and lower for long-term bond portfolios. Accordingly, the Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio should have a high level of income risk.

Each bond Portfolio is also subject to credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline.

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Credit risk should be low for the Short-Term Investment-Grade and Total Bond Market Index Portfolios because they invest mainly in fixed income securities with high credit-quality ratings. Credit risk is expected to be high for the High Yield Bond Portfolio because it invests primarily in bonds and loans with medium- and lower-range credit-quality ratings.

The bond Portfolios may enter into mortgage-dollar-roll transactions, in which a Portfolio sells mortgage-backed securities to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. These transactions simulate an investment in mortgage-backed securities and have the potential to enhance the Portfolio’s returns and reduce its administrative burdens, compared with holding mortgage-backed securities directly. These transactions may increase a Portfolio’s turnover rate. Mortgage dollar rolls will be used only to the extent that they are consistent with a Portfolio’s investment objective and risk profile.

Each of the bond Portfolios may invest in international U.S. dollar-denominated bonds issued by foreign governments, government agencies, and companies. To the extent that a Portfolio owns foreign bonds, it is subject to country risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value or liquidity of securities issued by governments, government agencies, and companies in foreign countries. Because the bond’s value is designated in dollars rather than in the currency of the issuer’s country, the Portfolios are not exposed to currency risk; rather, the issuer assumes the risk, usually to attract U.S. investors.

The High Yield Bond Portfolio may invest in foreign currency bonds, which are bonds denominated in the local currency of a non-U.S. country and issued by foreign governments, government agencies, and companies. To the extent that the Portfolio owns foreign currency bonds, it intends to hedge its foreign currency exposure to those bonds back to the U.S. dollar. In addition to country risk, the Portfolio is subject to currency hedging risk. Currency hedging risk is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the Portfolio may not perfectly offset the Portfolio’s foreign currency exposures.

Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio

The Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio invests in a variety of high-quality and, to a lesser extent, medium-quality fixed income securities, at least 80% of which will be short- and intermediate-term investment-grade fixed income securities. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders. The Portfolio is expected to maintain a dollar-weighted average maturity of 1 to 4 years.

The Portfolio may invest no more than 30% of its assets in medium-quality fixed income securities, preferred stocks, and convertible securities and no more than 5% of its assets in non-investment-grade fixed income securities, preferred stocks, and convertible securities. Non-investment-grade fixed income securities are those rated the equivalent of Moody’s Ba1 or below or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the advisor.

The Portfolio is subject to call risk. Call risk is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Call risk should be low for the Portfolio.

The Portfolio is subject to extension risk. Extension risk is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. Extension risk is generally low for short-term bond funds.

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To a limited extent, the Portfolio is exposed to event risk, which is the chance that corporate fixed income securities held by the Portfolio may suffer a substantial decline in credit quality or market value because of a restructuring of the companies that issued the securities, or because of other factors negatively affecting issuers.

The types of financial instruments that may be purchased by the Portfolio are identified and explained below.

• Corporate debt obligations—usually called bonds—represent loans by an investor to a corporation.

• U.S. government and agency bonds represent loans by investors to the U.S. Treasury Department or a wide variety of

government agencies and instrumentalities. Securities issued by most U.S. government entities are neither guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury nor backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These entities include, among others, the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBs), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). Securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and a small number of U.S. government agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The market values of U.S. government and agency securities and U.S. Treasury securities are subject to fluctuation.

• State and municipal bonds represent loans by an investor to a state or municipal government, or to one of its agencies or instrumentalities.

• Mortgage dollar rolls are transactions in which the Portfolio sells mortgage-backed securities to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. These transactions simulate an investment in mortgage-backed securities and have the potential to enhance the Portfolio’s returns and reduce its administrative burdens, compared with holding mortgage-backed securities directly. These transactions may increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Mortgage dollar rolls will be used only if consistent with the Portfolio’s investment objective and risk profile.

• Cash equivalent investments is a blanket term that describes a variety of short-term fixed income investments, including money market instruments, commercial paper, bank certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements represent short-term (normally overnight) loans by the Portfolio to banks or large securities dealers.

• Asset-backed securities are bonds that represent partial ownership in pools of consumer or commercial loans—most often credit card, automobile, or trade receivables. Asset-backed securities, which can be types of corporate fixed income obligations, are issued by entities formed solely for that purpose, but their value ultimately depends on repayments by underlying borrowers. A primary risk of asset-backed securities is that their maturity is difficult to predict, being driven by borrowers’ prepayments.

• International dollar- denominated bonds are bonds denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by foreign governments and companies. To the extent that the Portfolio owns foreign bonds, it is subject to country risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. Because the bond’s value is designated in dollars rather than in the currency of the issuer’s country, the Portfolio is not exposed to currency risk; rather, the issuer assumes the risk, usually to attract U.S. investors. Although currency movements do not affect the value of international dollar-denominated bonds directly, they could affect the value indirectly by adversely affecting the issuer’s ability (or the market’s perception of the issuer’s ability) to pay interest or repay principal.

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• Foreign currency bonds are bonds denominated in the local currency of a non-U.S. country and issued by foreign governments, government agencies, and companies. To the extent that the Portfolio owns foreign currency bonds, it will hedge its exposure to those bonds back to the U.S. dollar. In addition to country risk, the Portfolio is subject to currency hedging risk. Currency hedging risk is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the Portfolio may not perfectly offset the Portfolio’s foreign currency exposures.

• Preferred stocks distribute set dividends from the issuer. The preferred-stock holder’s claim on the issuer’s income and assets ranks before that of common-stock holders, but after that of bond holders.

• Convertible securities are bonds or preferred stocks that are convertible into, or exchangeable for, common stocks.

• Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) are special bonds that are collateralized by mortgages or mortgage pass-

through securities. Cash-flow rights on underlying mortgages—the rights to receive principal and interest payments—are divided up and prioritized to create short-, intermediate-, and long-term bonds. CMOs rely on assumptions about the timing of cash flows on the underlying mortgages, including expected prepayment rates. The primary risk of a CMO is that these assumptions are wrong, which would either shorten or lengthen the bond’s maturity. The Portfolio will invest only in CMOs that are believed to be consistent with its maturity and credit-quality standards.

The Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that the Portfolio may not be able to sell within seven business days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which they are valued. Restricted securities are a special type of illiquid security; these securities have not been publicly issued and legally can be resold only to qualified buyers. From time to time, the Fund’s board of trustees may determine that particular restricted securities are not illiquid, and those securities may then be purchased by the Portfolio without limit.

The Portfolio may also invest in fixed income futures contracts, fixed income options, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, foreign currency exchange forwards, or other derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards of the derivatives are consistent with the investment objective, policies, strategies, and risks of the Portfolio as disclosed in this prospectus. In particular, derivatives will be used for the Portfolio only when they may help the advisor: invest in eligible asset classes with greater efficiency and lower cost than is possible through direct investment; add value when these instruments are attractively priced; adjust sensitivity to changes in interest rates; adjust the overall credit risk of the portfolio or to actively overweight or underweight credit risk to specific bond issuers; hedge foreign currency exposure; or hedge foreign interest rate exposure.

The Portfolio is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Total Bond Market Index Portfolio

Because it would be very expensive and inefficient to buy and sell all securities held in its target index, the Total Bond Market Index Portfolio uses index “sampling” techniques to select securities. Using computer programs, the Portfolio’s advisor generally selects a representative sample of securities that approximates the full target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include duration, cash flow, quality, and callability of the underlying bonds. In addition, the Portfolio keeps industry sector and subsector exposure within tight boundaries relative to its target index. Because the Portfolio does not hold all of the issues in its target index, some of the securities (and issuers) that are held will likely be overweighted (or underweighted) compared with the target index. The maximum overweight (or underweight) is constrained at the issuer level with the goal of producing well-diversified credit exposure in the Portfolio.

The Portfolio is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Portfolio, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Portfolio’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Portfolio should be low.

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The Barclays U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index represents a wide spectrum of public, investment-grade, taxable, fixed income securities in the United States—including government, corporate, and international dollar-denominated bonds, as well as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities—all with maturities of more than 1 year. As of December 31, 2015, the Portfolio was composed of the following types of bonds:

The Portfolio’s policy of investing at least 80% of its assets in bonds in its target index may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Up to 20% of the Portfolio’s assets may be used to purchase nonpublic, investment-grade securities, generally referred to as 144A securities, as well as smaller public issues or medium-term notes not included in the Index because of the small size of the issue. The vast majority of these securities will have characteristics and risks similar to those in the target index. Subject to the same 20% limit, the Portfolio may also purchase other investments that are outside of its target index or may hold bonds that, when acquired, were included in the index but subsequently were removed. The Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in callable bonds.

The Portfolio is subject to call risk. Call risk is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Call risk should be moderate for the Portfolio because it invests only a portion of its assets in callable bonds.

The Total Bond Market Index Portfolio may also invest in conventional mortgage-backed securities—which are packaged by private corporations and are not guaranteed by the U.S. government—and enter into mortgage-dollar-roll transactions.

The Portfolio is subject to prepayment risk. Prepayment risk is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, homeowners will refinance their mortgages before their maturity dates, resulting in prepayment of mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolio. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the mortgage’s principal and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such prepayments and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Prepayment risk is moderate for the Portfolio because it invests only a portion of its assets in mortgage-backed securities.

The Portfolio is subject to extension risk. Extension risk is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. For funds that invest in mortgage-backed securities, extension risk is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, homeowners will prepay their mortgages at slower rates. This will lengthen the duration or average life of mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolio and delay the Portfolio’s ability to reinvest proceeds at higher interest rates. Extension risk is generally moderate for intermediate-term bond funds.

High Yield Bond Portfolio

The High Yield Bond Portfolio invests primarily in a diversified group of high-yielding, higher-risk corporate bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds,” with medium- and lower-range credit-quality ratings. The Portfolio also invests in fixed and floating rate loans of medium- to lower-range credit quality; which have mostly short- and intermediate-term maturities. As a result of this investment strategy, the Portfolio is subject to certain risks.

Because of its investment in junk bonds and loans, the Portfolio is subject to high credit risk, which is the chance that a bond or loan issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond or loan to decline.

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The Portfolio may invest up to 10% of its assets in trust-preferred securities, which are preferred securities issued by a special purpose trust that holds subordinated debt of the trust’s corporate parent. The interest received by the trust from the debt issued by the corporate parent is distributed to the holders of the trust-preferred securities. A trust-preferred security has characteristics of both a debt security and an equity security and generally will have the same risks as these types of securities, including market, credit, interest rate, and call risks. Trust-preferred securities typically are subordinated to the bonds and other obligations of the parent company and, therefore, may be subject to greater credit risk than such bonds and obligations.

The Portfolio may invest up to 20% of its assets in government securities and/or bonds that are rated Baa or above by Moody’s or have an equivalent rating from any other independent bond-rating agency, or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the advisor. These are commonly referred to as investment-grade securities.

The Portfolio will only invest in bonds and loans that, at the time of initial investment, are rated Caa or higher by Moody’s or have an equivalent rating from any other independent bond-rating agency, or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the advisor. However, the Portfolio may continue to hold bonds that have been downgraded, even if they would no longer be eligible for purchase by the Portfolio.

The Portfolio’s advisor selects bonds on a company-by-company basis, emphasizing fundamental research and a long-term investment horizon. The analysis focuses on the nature of a company’s business, its strategy, and the quality of its management. Based on this analysis, the advisor looks for companies whose prospects are stable or improving and whose bonds offer an attractive yield. Companies with improving prospects are normally more attractive because they offer better assurance of debt repayment and greater potential for capital appreciation.

The Portfolio is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

As of December 31, 2015, the Portfolio’s holdings had the following credit-quality characteristics:

Bonds that are rated below Moody’s Baa or have an equivalent rating, such as those held by the Portfolio, are classified as non-investment grade. These bonds carry a high degree of risk and are considered speculative by the major rating agencies. Because of the speculative nature of junk bonds, you should carefully consider the risks associated with the Portfolio before you purchase shares.

To minimize credit risk, the Portfolio normally diversifies its holdings among debt of 150–200 separate issuers, representing many industries. As of December 31, 2015, the Portfolio held debt of 192 issuers. This diversification should lessen the negative impact to the Portfolio of a particular issuer’s failure to pay either principal or interest.

The Portfolio is subject to liquidity risk, which is the chance that the Portfolio may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price. Liquidity risk should be low to moderate for the Portfolio.

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Although it has no present plans to do so, the Portfolio may invest up to 5% of its assets in non-cash-flow-producing high-yield bonds, such as zero-coupon bonds (which pay interest only at maturity) or payment-in-kind bonds (which pay interest in the form of additional securities).

The Portfolio is subject to call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. The Portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such redemptions and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate.

The Portfolio may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a country’s currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Managers of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Portfolio’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

More on the Balanced Portfolios

The Balanced Portfolio invests in both stocks and bonds. The Conservative and Moderate Allocation Portfolios invest in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds and other portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund (collectively, the underlying funds) to achieve exposure to stocks and bonds. The stock portion of the Balanced Portfolio is subject to investment style risk. The stock portion of each Portfolio is subject to stock market risk, while the bond portion of each Portfolio is subject to interest rate risk, income risk, credit risk, call risk, and prepayment risk. The bond portions of the Conservative and Moderate Allocation Portfolios are also subject to risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds, including country/regional risk and currency hedging risk. Both portions of the Balanced Portfolio are subject to manager risk. Each Portfolio’s bond holdings help to reduce—but not eliminate—some of the stock market volatility experienced by the Portfolio. Likewise, changes in interest rates may not have as dramatic an effect on the Portfolios as they would on a portfolio made up entirely of bonds. Each Portfolio’s balanced holdings, in the long run, should result in less investment risk—and a lower investment return—than those of a portfolio investing exclusively in common stocks.

Balanced Portfolio

Roughly 60% to 70% of the Portfolio’s assets are invested in stocks and the remaining 30% to 40% are invested in bonds.

For the stock portion of the Portfolio, the advisor uses extensive research to find what it considers to be undervalued stocks of established large and mid-size companies. The advisor considers a stock to be undervalued if company earnings, or potential earnings, are not fully reflected in the stock’s share price. The advisor’s goal is to identify and purchase these securities before their value is recognized by other investors. The advisor emphasizes stocks that, on average, provide a higher level of dividend income than generally provided by stocks in the overall market. By adhering to this stock selection strategy and by investing in a wide variety of companies and industries, the advisor expects to moderate overall risk. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Portfolio’s stock holdings as of December 31, 2015, was $109.6 billion.

For the bond portion of the Portfolio, the advisor selects investment-grade bonds that it believes will generate a moderate level of current income. These may include short-, intermediate-, and long-term corporate and U.S. Treasury, government agency, and asset-backed bonds, as well as mortgage-backed securities. The advisor does not generally make large adjustments in the average maturity of the Portfolio’s bond holdings in anticipation of changes in interest rates. Although the Portfolio does not have specific maturity guidelines, the average duration of the Portfolio’s bond holdings as of December 31, 2015, was 6.4 years.

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A breakdown of the Portfolio’s bond holdings (which amounted to 33.8% of the Portfolio’s net assets) as of December 31, 2015, follows:

The advisor purchases bonds that are of investment-grade quality—that is, bonds rated at least Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., or BBB– by Standard & Poor’s—or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable credit quality by the advisor.

Although the mix of stocks and bonds varies from time to time, depending on the advisor’s view of economic and market conditions, the stock portion can be expected to represent at least 60% of the Portfolio’s holdings under normal circumstances.

The Portfolio may invest up to 25% of its assets in foreign securities, which may include depositary receipts. Foreign securities may be traded on U.S. or foreign markets. To the extent that it owns foreign securities, the Portfolio is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign companies, governments, or government agencies. In addition, the prices of foreign securities and the prices of U.S. securities have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

Conservative and Moderate Allocation Portfolios

The Allocation Portfolios are “funds of funds,” which means that each Portfolio seeks to achieve its objective by investing in underlying funds rather than in individual securities. Each Portfolio separately invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds and other portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund (collectively, the underlying funds). The trustees of the Fund allocate each Portfolio’s assets among the underlying funds. The trustees may authorize a Portfolio to invest in additional Vanguard funds without shareholder approval. Additionally, the trustees may increase or decrease the percentage of a Portfolio’s assets invested in any particular underlying fund without advance notice to shareholders.

Through its investments in underlying funds, each of the Allocation Portfolios indirectly owns a diversified portfolio of stocks and fixed-income securities.

Each Allocation Portfolio invests in a mix of underlying funds to pursue a target allocation of stocks and fixed-income securities. As of the date of this prospectus, each Portfolio invested in Investor Shares of each underlying Vanguard fund. Share class changes may be made without prior notice to shareholders.The table that follows illustrates the asset allocation range for each Portfolio:

By owning shares of underlying funds, each of the Allocation Portfolios indirectly invests, to varying degrees, in U.S. stocks, with an emphasis on large-cap stocks. To a lesser extent, each of the Allocation Portfolios also invests in foreign stocks.

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The following paragraphs briefly describe the underlying funds in which the Portfolios currently intend to invest.

Through their investments in one underlying fund (Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio), each Portfolio holds a representative sample of the stocks that make up the S&P 500 Index, which is dominated by large-cap stocks.

Through another underlying fund (Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund), each Portfolio holds a representative sample of the stocks that make up the S&P Completion Index, which represents mid- and small-capitalization stocks. Historically, mid-and small-cap stocks have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. This volatility is due to several factors, including the fact that smaller companies often have fewer customers and financial resources than larger firms. These characteristics can make mid-size and small companies more sensitive to economic conditions, leading to less certain growth and dividend prospects.

Stocks of publicly traded companies and funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. As of the calendar year ended December 31, 2015, the stocks in the underlying U.S. equity funds had asset-weighted median market capitalizations of approximately $66.6 billion. The stocks in the underlying foreign equity fund had asset-weighted median market capitalizations of approximately $21.7 billion.

Because each Allocation Portfolio invests in Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio and Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund so as to gain exposure to the overall U.S. stock market, an Allocation Portfolio may shift its holdings between these two underlying funds to remain proportionate with the overall U.S. stock market.

By owning shares of Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, each Allocation Portfolio is subject to risks associated with investments in foreign stocks. For more detail on the risks associated with investing in stocks, see More on the Portfolios: More on the Stock Portfolios. For additional discussion on the risks associated with investing in stocks issued by companies located in emerging markets, see More on the Portfolios: More on the Stock Portfolios: International Portfolio.

By owning shares of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Total Bond Market Index Portfolio, each Allocation Portfolio indirectly invests, to varying degrees, in U.S. government and U.S. corporate bonds, as well as in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. For more detail on the risks associated with investing in fixed-income securities, see More on the Portfolios: More on the Bond Portfolios.

By owning shares of Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund, each Allocation Portfolio indirectly invests in currency-hedged foreign bonds and is therefore subject to the risks associated with such investments, including country/regional risk and currency hedging risk.

The Conservative Allocation and Moderate Allocation Portfolios are subject to country/regional risk and currency hedging risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies. Currency hedging risk is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign bond fund may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.

Through their investments in the underlying index funds, each Allocation Portfolio is subject, to a limited extent, to index sampling risk. Index sampling risk is the chance that the securities selected for an underlying fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the underlying fund’s target index.

More on the Stock Portfolios

The Equity Income, Diversified Value, Equity Index, Mid-Cap Index, Growth, Capital Growth, Small Company Growth,

International, and REIT Index Portfolios invest mainly in common stocks, although each has its own strategies and types of holdings. To achieve exposure to common stocks, the Total Stock Market Index Portfolio invests in shares of other mutual funds.

Each stock Portfolio is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. In addition, a Portfolio’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Portfolio to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

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Other than the International Portfolio, each Portfolio invests mainly in, or has exposure mainly to, stocks of U.S. companies. To illustrate the volatility of stock prices, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for the U.S. stock market over various periods as measured by the S&P 500 Index, a widely used barometer of U.S. stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown in the table do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur. (You will find a chart illustrating the volatility of the foreign stock market on page 62.)

The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1926 through 2015. You can see, for example, that although the average annual return on common stocks for all of the 5-year periods was 10%, average annual returns for individual 5-year periods ranged from –12.4% (from 1928 through 1932) to 28.6% (from 1995 through 1999). These average annual returns reflect past performance of common stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either the stock market as a whole or the Portfolios in particular.

Actively Managed Portfolios

Six of the stock Portfolios are actively managed, meaning that their investment advisors buy and sell securities based on research, judgment, and analysis in an attempt to outperform the market. These six Portfolios are the Equity Income, Diversified Value, Growth, Capital Growth, Small Company Growth, and International Portfolios.

Each actively managed stock Portfolio is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection or focus on securities in a particular sector, category, or group of companies will cause the Portfolio to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

Because the Diversified Value, Growth, Capital Growth, and Equity Income Portfolios each tend to invest a high percentage of assets in their ten largest holdings, the Portfolios are subject to asset concentration risk, which is the chance that a Portfolio’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks.

Investment Styles

Mutual funds that invest in stocks are often classified according to market value or market capitalization. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It’s important to understand that, for both companies and stock funds, market-capitalization ranges change over time. Also, interpretations of size vary, and there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of each of the stock Portfolios as of December 31, 2015, was:

Stock funds can also be categorized according to whether the stocks they hold are value or growth stocks or a blend of both.

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Each stock Portfolio (other than the Total Stock Market Index Portfolio) is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from the types of stocks in which the Portfolio invests will trail returns from the overall stock market. Specific types of stocks tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Likewise, international stocks go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than U.S. stocks.

The following illustration shows how each of the nine Portfolios that invest in U.S. stocks generally fits into these categories. (The International Portfolio invests primarily in large-capitalization growth stocks of companies located outside the United States.)

Foreign Securities

The International Portfolio invests primarily in foreign securities. None of the other stock Portfolios typically makes significant investments in securities of companies based outside the United States. For the Equity Index, Mid-Cap Index, and REIT Index Portfolios, foreign securities will be held only to the extent that they are represented in each Portfolio’s target index. The Equity Income, Capital Growth, Diversified Value, and Small Company Growth Portfolios may each invest up to 25% of their assets in foreign securities, and the Growth Portfolio may invest up to 20% of its assets in foreign securities.

To the extent that a Portfolio owns foreign securities, it is subject to country risk and currency risk. Country risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries. In addition, the prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks have, at times, moved in opposite directions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

Equity Income Portfolio

The Equity Income Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of mid-size and large companies whose stocks typically pay above-average dividends. At the time of purchase by the Portfolio, a stock can be out of favor with the investment community. Stocks purchased by the Portfolio are generally expected to produce an above-average level of current income and to have the potential for long-term capital appreciation.

The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors. Each investment advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Portfolio. These advisors employ active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisors’ evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the

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advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Portfolio. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security. Each advisor uses a different process to select securities for its portion of the Portfolio’s assets; however, each is committed to buying stocks that it believes will produce above-average income and that, in the advisor’s opinion, have the potential for long-term capital appreciation.

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) employs a fundamental security analysis approach to identify desirable individual stocks, seeking those that typically offer above-average dividend yields, below-average valuations, and the potential for dividend increases in the future.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) constructs a diversified portfolio of dividend-paying stocks based on its assessment of the relative return potential of the securities. The advisor selects securities that it believes offer an appropriate balance between strong growth prospects and reasonable valuations relative to their industry peers. Vanguard manages the portfolio through the use of a quantitative process to evaluate all of the securities in the Portfolio’s benchmark, the FTSE High Dividend Yield Index, while seeking to maintain a risk profile similar to that of the Index. This process was developed by a team of Vanguard researchers, and this process is continually evolving. All potential enhancements to the process go through rigorous peer vetting and validation before being implemented. A team of portfolio managers utilizes the resulting process to determine which securities to buy and sell in the portfolio.

Diversified Value Portfolio

The Diversified Value Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of large- and mid-cap companies (although the advisor will occasionally select stocks with lower market capitalizations) whose stocks are considered by the advisor to be undervalued. The advisor uses traditional methods of stock selection—research and analysis—to identify undervalued securities. These stocks (called “value” stocks) often have above-average dividend yields. Undervalued stocks are generally those that are out of favor with investors and that the advisor feels are trading at prices that are below average in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

To keep the Portfolio well diversified, the advisor generally invests no more than 15% of the Portfolio’s assets in a single industry group. The Portfolio’s overall makeup is expected to differ from that of the broad stock market in terms of industry weightings and market capitalization. Therefore, the Portfolio’s performance is likely to differ from the performance of the overall market or of broad indexes such as the S&P 500 Index.

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

The Total Stock Market Index Portfolio is a fund of funds. The trustees of the Fund allocate the Total Stock Market Index Portfolio’s assets among the underlying funds. The trustees may authorize the Portfolio to invest in additional Vanguard funds without shareholder approval. Additionally, the trustees may increase or decrease the percentage of assets invested in any particular fund without advance notice to shareholders. Under normal circumstances, the Portfolio will invest at least 80%, and usually all or substantially all, of its assets in Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio and Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund, which together seek to track the Portfolio’s target index. The Portfolio’s 80% investment policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

The Total Stock Market Index Portfolio is a stock index fund that seeks to track the performance of the S&P Total Market Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in two Vanguard funds—Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio, which seeks to track the S&P 500 Index, and Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund, which seeks to track the S&P Completion Index. The S&P Total Market Index is a combination of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Completion Index; it consists of substantially all of the U.S. common stocks regularly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq over-the-counter market. The S&P 500 Index is dominated by stocks of large U.S. companies, and the S&P Completion Index represents mid- and small-capitalization stocks. As of December 31, 2015, the Portfolio allocated 81.4% of its assets to Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund Equity Index Portfolio and the remaining 18.6% of its assets to Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund. As of the date of this prospectus, the Portfolio invested in Investor Shares of each underlying Vanguard fund. Share class changes may be made without prior notice to shareholders. Through its investments in underlying funds, the Portfolio indirectly owns a diversified portfolio of stocks.

Equity Index Portfolio

The Equity Index Portfolio is a stock index fund that seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of large-capitalization stocks. The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, a widely recognized benchmark of U.S. stock market performance that is dominated by the stocks of large U.S. companies. As of December 31, 2015, these stocks represented approximately 79% of the market value of all U.S. common stocks. In seeking to fully replicate the Index’s performance, the Portfolio intends to hold each of the stocks in the Index in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index. For example, if 3% of the

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Standard & Poor’s 500 Index were made up of the stock of a specific company, the Portfolio would invest approximately 3% of its assets in that company. All, or substantially all (but in no event less than 80%), of the Portfolio’s assets will be invested in stocks that make up the Index. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

The actual stocks that make up the Index are chosen by Standard & Poor’s. The Index is weighted according to the market capitalization of the stocks it holds, so that the stocks with the highest market values represent the largest portion of the Index and have the heaviest influence on its performance.

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

The Mid-Cap Index Portfolio is a stock index fund that seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of mid-capitalization stocks. The Portfolio employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the CRSP US Mid Cap Index, a broadly diversified index of stocks of mid-size U.S. companies. In seeking to replicate the Index’s performance, the Portfolio intends to hold each of the stocks in the Index in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index. For example, if 3% of the CRSP US Mid Cap Index were made up of the stock of a specific company, the Portfolio would invest approximately 3% of its assets in that company. All, or substantially all (but in no event less than 80%), of the Portfolio’s assets will be invested in stocks that make up the Index. The actual stocks that make up the Index are chosen by CRSP. The Portfolio’s 80% policy may be changed only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Historically, mid-cap stocks have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall stock market. There is no certainty, however, that this pattern will continue in the future.

Growth Portfolio

The Growth Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of companies that, in the advisors’ opinions, offer favorable prospects for capital appreciation. These stocks tend to produce little current income. The Portfolio generally focuses on companies that are considered large-cap by the Portfolio’s investment advisors. The Growth Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Portfolio.

Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

Jackson Square Partners, LLC (Jackson Square) invests primarily in common stocks of large-capitalization, growth-oriented companies that it believes have long-term capital appreciation potential and are expected to grow faster than the U.S. economy. The advisor uses a bottom-up approach, seeking companies that have large end-market potential, dominant business models, and strong free-cash-flow generation, and are attractively priced compared with the intrinsic value of their securities. Jackson Square tends to hold a relatively focused portfolio with a limited number of stocks.

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) employs a traditional, bottom-up fundamental research approach to identify securities that possess sustainable growth at reasonable valuations. Wellington Management identifies companies that have demonstrated above-average growth in the past, then conducts a thorough review of each company’s business model. The goal of this review is to identify companies that can sustain above-average growth because of their superior business models as represented by high returns on capital, strong management, and quality balance sheets. A disciplined valuation analysis follows to determine which securities are attractively priced.

William Blair Investment Management, LLC (William Blair) uses an investment process that relies on thorough, in-depth fundamental analysis. William Blair invests in companies that it believes are high quality and have sustainable, above-average growth. In selecting stocks, the advisor considers some or all of the following company criteria: leadership position within the markets served, quality of the products or services provided, marketing capability, return on equity, accounting policies/ financial transparency, and quality/depth of the management team.

Capital Growth Portfolio

The Capital Growth Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of companies that the advisor expects to have favorable prospects for capital appreciation and that sell at attractive prices, but typically produce little current income. PRIMECAP, the Portfolio’s advisor, selects common stocks that it believes have above-average earnings growth potential that is not reflected in the current market price. Companies selected for stock purchases typically have strong positions within their industries, increasing sales, improving profitability, good long-term prospects for above-average growth in earnings, and strong management teams.

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Using careful analysis, the advisor attempts to quantify a company’s “fundamental value,” which is the advisor’s estimate of the financial value of the company. The advisor compares the fundamental value with the market price of the company’s stock. The advisor then decides whether or not to purchase the stock mainly on the basis of how attractive its market price is in relation to its fundamental value. Although the Portfolio invests with a long-term horizon of three to five years, the advisor may sell a stock if its market price appears to have risen above its fundamental value, if other securities appear to be more favorably priced, or if the reasons for which the stock was purchased no longer hold true.

PRIMECAP does not try to make investment decisions based on short-term trends in the stock market. If attractively priced stocks cannot be found, the Portfolio’s cash levels will increase. Because PRIMECAP’s selections are determined by an analysis of each individual stock, the Portfolio’s makeup may differ substantially from the overall market’s characteristics. For example, the proportion of the Portfolio’s assets invested in a particular market sector or industry may be significantly larger or smaller than that sector or industry’s proportion in the overall stock market.

Small Company Growth Portfolio

The Portfolio focuses on companies that are considered small-cap by the Portfolio’s advisor. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Portfolio’s stock holdings as of December 31, 2015, was $1.5 million.

The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Portfolio. Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisors’ evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Portfolio. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security. Each advisor uses a different process to select securities for its portion of the Portfolio’s assets; however, each is committed to buying stocks of small companies that, in the advisor’s opinion, have strong growth potential.

Arrowpoint Asset Management, LLC (Arrowpoint Partners), uses in-depth, fundamental research to uncover companies that, in its opinion, can control their own economic destiny. Arrowpoint Partners starts by identifying businesses with strong competitive advantages in industries with high barriers to entry. Arrowpoint Partners then narrows its focus to companies with large potential markets and high-quality business models focused on the future. Finally, Arrowpoint Partners minimizes potential downside risk, resulting in a diversified portfolio of stable growth companies, cyclical share gainers, and to a lesser extent, game-changing growth businesses that Arrowpoint Partners feels will deliver returns beyond those of the benchmark index over time.

Granahan Investment Management, Inc. (Granahan) groups securities into three categories as part of its selection process. The first category, “core growth,” emphasizes companies that have a well-known or established product or service and, as a result, have a proven record of growth and a strong market position. The second category, “pioneers,” is made up of companies that offer unique products or services, technologies that may lead to new products, or expansion into new markets. Granahan judges “pioneer” stocks based on their estimated growth potential compared with market value. The third category, “special situation,” includes companies that lack a record of strong growth but that, in Granahan’s view, are both undervalued in the market and likely to grow in the next few years. “Core growth” stocks generally make up 35% to 70% of the advisor’s share of Portfolio assets, with the other two categories generally at 10% to 35% each.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) constructs a broadly diversified portfolio of small-cap domestic growth stocks based on its assessment of the relative return potential of the securities. The advisor selects securities that it believes offer an appropriate balance between strong growth prospects and reasonable valuations relative to their industry peers. Vanguard manages the portfolio through the use of a quantitative process to evaluate all of the securities in the Portfolio’s benchmark, the Russell 2500 Growth Index, while seeking to maintain a risk profile similar to that of the Index. This process was developed by a team of Vanguard researchers, and this process is continually evolving. All potential enhancements to the process go through rigorous peer vetting and validation before being implemented. A team of portfolio managers utilizes the resulting process to determine which securities to buy and sell in the portfolio.

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International Portfolio

The International Portfolio invests mainly in common stocks of non-U.S. companies that are considered to have above-average potential for growth. The Portfolio uses multiple investment advisors. Each advisor independently selects and maintains a portfolio of common stocks for the Portfolio. Each advisor employs active investment management methods, which means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisor’s evaluations of companies and their financial prospects, the prices of the securities, and the stock market and the economy in general. Each advisor will sell a security when, in the view of the advisor, it is no longer as attractive as an alternative investment or if the advisor deems it to be in the best interest of the Fund. Different advisors may reach different conclusions on the same security.

Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford) follows an investment approach based on making long-term investments in well-researched and well-managed businesses with above average growth potential.

Baillie Gifford analyzes a company’s ability to grow at an above average rate by considering the industry in which it operates, any sustainable competitive advantages the company has within that industry, the ability of management to execute on the market opportunity before them, and whether the company can fund growth with internally generated cash flows. Baillie Gifford also considers the valuation of the company to understand the extent to which the market has already appreciated these factors. Historically, Baillie Gifford has been willing to pay a premium for companies it believes can deliver superior growth.

Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders) seeks to invest in securities of international companies where it has identified a significant growth gap, which is defined as forward earnings growth that is not yet recognized by the market. Schroders leverages the extensive knowledge of, and recommendations generated by, approximately 70 regional analysts located across the globe. The strongest ideas of these local analysts are then overlaid with the global perspective of an international team of global sector specialists. In Schroders’ view, this combination of local expertise and global analysis provides an optimal framework for identifying strong investment candidates and building high-quality efficient portfolios across multiple regions and sectors.

M&G Investment Management Limited (M&G) uses a long-term, bottom-up approach to portfolio management that focuses on attractively valued quality companies with (1) competitive advantages that may protect their profitability, and (2) positive internal and external dynamics helping to grow the value of the business.

The team seeks to identify companies that fall into one of two categories: ‘sustainable returns’—high quality companies with competitive advantages that may support sustainable superior returns; ‘improving returns’—companies that are in the process of becoming ‘sustainable returns’ businesses, but have the potential to further optimize returns and grow the value of the business.

Because it invests mainly in international stocks, the Portfolio is subject to:

Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

Conversely, when the U.S. dollar falls in value versus other currencies, returns from international stocks are enhanced because a given sum in foreign currency translates into more U.S. dollars.

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The Portfolio is also subject to:

Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Portfolio may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, including emerging markets, its performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

Returns of international stocks can be as volatile as—or more volatile than—returns of U.S. stocks. To illustrate the volatility of foreign stock market prices for the U.S. dollar-based investor, the following table shows the best, worst, and average annual total returns for foreign stock markets over various periods as measured by the MSCI EAFE Index, a widely used barometer of foreign stock market activity. Total returns consist of dividend income plus change in market price. Note that the returns shown in the table do not include the costs of buying and selling stocks or other expenses that a real-world investment portfolio would incur.

The table covers all of the rolling 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods from 1970 through 2015. These average annual returns reflect past performance of foreign stocks; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of either foreign markets as a whole or the Portfolio in particular.

The Portfolio may invest in foreign issuers through American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), or similar investment vehicles. The Portfolio may also invest in convertible securities.

REIT Index Portfolio

The REIT Index Portfolio uses an indexing investment approach. The Portfolio attempts to replicate the MSCI US REIT Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index.

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The Portfolio holds each stock contained in the MSCI US REIT Index in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index. For example, if 5% of the MSCI US REIT Index were made up of the stock of a specific REIT, the Portfolio would invest 5% of its assets in that stock.

Because it invests in stocks of REITs, the Portfolio is subject to several risks in addition to general stock market risk. These risks include:

Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that the stocks of REITs will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Portfolio concentrates its assets in REIT stocks, industry concentration risk is high.

Interest rate risk, which is the chance that REIT stock prices overall will decline, and that the cost of borrowing for REITs will increase because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk is high for the Portfolio.

In general, during periods of high interest rates, REITs may lose some of their appeal for investors who may be able to obtain higher yields from other income-producing investments, such as long-term bonds. Higher interest rates also mean that financing for property purchases and improvements are more costly and difficult to obtain.

Because of its emphasis on REIT stocks, the Portfolio’s performance may, at times, be linked to the ups and downs of the real estate market. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, supply and demand for properties, the economic health of the nation as well as different regions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, an individual REIT’s performance depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well the REIT manages its properties. For instance, rental income could decline because of extensive vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, regulatory limitations on rents, fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses because of casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. Loss of IRS status as a qualified REIT may also affect an individual REIT’s performance. In addition, many real estate issuers, including REITs, utilize leverage (and some may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect the issuer’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.

The MSCI US REIT Index is made up of the stocks of publicly traded equity REITs that meet certain criteria. For example, to be included in the Index, a REIT must meet a minimum market capitalization threshold and have enough shares and trading volume to be considered liquid. In line with the Index, the Portfolio invests in equity REITs only.

As of December 31, 2015, 151 equity REITs were included in the Index. The Index is rebalanced quarterly, except when a merger, acquisition, or similar corporate action dictates same-day rebalancing. On a quarterly basis, current stocks are tested for continued compliance with the guidelines of the Index. A REIT may be removed from the Index because of a decline in market capitalization, because it becomes illiquid, or because of other changes in its status. REITs in the MSCI US REIT Index tend to be small- and mid-capitalization stocks. Like small- and mid-cap stocks in general, REIT stocks tend to be more volatile than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall stock market. REIT stocks tend to have a significant amount of dividend income, which can reduce the impact of this volatility. However, the Portfolio is subject to additional risk because of the concentration in the real estate sector. This focus on a single sector may result in more risk than that for a more diversified, multi-sector portfolio.

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Stocks in the MSCI US REIT Index represent a broadly diversified range of property types. The makeup of the Portfolio, as of December 31, 2015, was as follows.

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Additional Information

Substituting Target Indexes

Each index Portfolio reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Portfolio’s agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

Mortgage-Backed Securities and Prepayment Risk

Prepayment risk is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, homeowners will refinance their mortgages before their maturity dates, resulting in prepayment of mortgage-back securities held by a portfolio. The portfolio would then lose any price appreciation above the mortgage’s principal and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Portfolio’s income. Such prepayments and subsequent reinvestments would also increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate.

The Total Bond Market Index Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in mortgage-backed securities that represent interests in underlying pools of mortgages. Unlike ordinary bonds, which generally pay a fixed rate of interest at regular intervals and then repay principal upon maturity, mortgage-backed securities pass through both interest and principal from underlying mortgages as part of their regular payments. Because the mortgages underlying the securities can be prepaid at any time by homeowners or corporate borrowers, mortgage-backed securities are subject to prepayment risk. These types of securities are issued by a number of government agencies, including the GNMA, the FHLMC, and the FNMA. Mortgage-backed securities issued by the GNMA are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as to the timely payment of principal and interest; those issued by other government agencies or private corporations are not.

The Portfolio may also invest in conventional mortgage-backed securities—which are packaged by private corporations and are not guaranteed by the U.S. government—and enter into mortgage-dollar-roll transactions. In a mortgage-dollar-roll transaction, the Portfolio sells mortgage-backed securities to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase similar securities in the future at a predetermined price. These transactions simulate an investment in mortgage-backed securities and have the potential to enhance the Portfolio’s returns and reduce its administrative burdens, compared with holding mortgage-backed securities directly. These transactions may increase the Portfolio’s turnover rate. Mortgage dollar rolls will be used only to the extent that they are consistent with the Portfolio’s investment objective and risk profile.

Because the Conservative and Moderate Allocation Portfolios invest approximately 60% and 40%, respectively, of their assets in the fixed-income securities portfolio, the Allocation Portfolios are indirectly subject to prepayment risk.

The Short-Term Investment-Grade and Balanced Portfolios may invest a portion of their assets in mortgage-backed securities. Prepayment risk should be low for both Portfolios. The High-Yield Bond Portfolio is subject to prepayment risk on fixed and floating rate loans.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

The Balanced and Total Bond Market Index Portfolios may also invest in relatively conservative classes of collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), which offer a high degree of cash-flow predictability and a low level of vulnerability to mortgage prepayment risk. To reduce credit risk, these less-risky classes of CMOs are purchased only if they are issued by agencies of the U.S. government or issued by private companies that carry high-quality investment-grade ratings.

Convertible Securities

The Short-Term Investment-Grade, International, and Balanced Portfolios may also invest in convertible securities.

Exchange-Traded Funds and ETF Shares

Vanguard may invest a small portion of the Balanced Index, Diversified Value, Total Stock Market Index, Equity Income, Growth, Small Company Growth, and International Portfolios’ assets in stock index futures and may invest a small portion of the Balanced Index, Short-Term Investment-Grade, and Total Bond Market Index Portfolios’ assets in U.S. Treasury futures. Stock index futures and U.S. Treasury futures are types of derivatives. Vanguard may also invest a small portion of these Portfolios’ assets in shares of stock or bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs), including ETF Shares issued by Vanguard funds. These stock index futures, U.S. Treasury futures, and stock or bond ETFs typically provide returns similar to those of the stocks or bonds listed in an index or in a subset of an index tracked by a Portfolio. Vanguard may also purchase ETFs, stock

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index futures, or U.S. Treasury futures when doing so will facilitate cash management, reduce a Portfolio’s transaction costs, or potentially add value because the instruments are favorably priced. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Portfolio assets invested in ETF Shares of other Vanguard funds. Portfolio assets invested in ETF Shares are excluded when allocating to the Portfolio its share of the costs of Vanguard operations.

Derivatives

Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index (such as the S&P 500 Index), or a reference rate (such as LIBOR).

Each Portfolio may invest in derivatives. In general, derivatives may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets.

Total Bond Market Index, Short-Term Investment-Grade, and High Yield Bond Portfolios

The Total Bond Market Index, Short-Term Investment-Grade, and High Yield Bond Portfolios may invest in derivatives only if the expected risks and rewards of the derivatives are consistent with the investment objective, policies, strategies, and risks of each Portfolio as disclosed in this prospectus. In particular, derivatives will be used only where they may help the advisor invest in eligible asset classes with greater efficiency and lower cost than is possible through direct investment; add value when these instruments are attractively priced; or adjust sensitivity to changes in interest rates; and in addition, for the Short-Term Investment-Grade and High Yield Bond Portfolios only, hedge foreign currency exposure, hedge foreign interest rate exposure, adjust the overall credit risk of the Portfolios or actively overweight or underweight credit risk to specific bond issuers. The Portfolios’ derivative investments may include fixed income futures contracts; fixed income options, including options on swaps; interest rate swaps; total return swaps; credit default swaps; currency swaps; foreign currency exchange forwards; or other derivatives. Losses (or gains) involving futures contracts can sometimes be substantial—in part because a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for a portfolio. Similar risks exist for other types of derivatives.

Balanced Portfolio

The Balanced Portfolio may invest a portion of its total assets in bond futures contracts, options, straddles, credit swaps, interest rate swaps, total rate of return swaps, and other types of derivatives. The Portfolio will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

Other Portfolios (Excluding the Money Market Portfolio)

All of the other Portfolios (excluding the Money Market Portfolio) may invest, to a limited extent, in futures, total return swaps, and options contracts, which are types of derivatives. These Portfolios will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. The Total Stock Market Index, Equity Index, Mid-Cap Index, and REIT Index Portfolios use futures only for the purpose of tracking their target indexes.

The Balanced, Equity Income, Diversified Value, Growth, Small Company Growth, Capital Growth, and International Portfolios may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. Advisors of funds that invest in foreign securities can use these contracts to guard against unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. These contracts, however, would not prevent a Portfolio’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements.

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Cash Management

Each Portfolio’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are very low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, each Portfolio bears its proportionate share of the at-cost expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Portfolio assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

Each Portfolio (except the Money Market Portfolio and the Allocation Portfolios) may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when an advisor believes that doing so is in the Portfolio’s best interest, so long as the alternative is consistent with the Portfolio’s investment objective. For instance, the Portfolio may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Portfolio’s objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Portfolio receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately (applicable to all Portfolios other than the Allocation Portfolios) or if the Portfolio is transitioning assets from one advisor to another (applicable to all Portfolios except the Total Bond Market Index, Total Stock Market Index, Equity Index, Mid-Cap Index, REIT Index, and Allocation Portfolios).

In addition, each Portfolio, other than the five index Portfolios and the Allocation Portfolios, may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments—in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the Portfolio may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background

Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of a fund’s shares and price movement in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by an investor engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund investors, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to Address Frequent Trading

The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to Vanguard ETF^® Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund investors. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge investors purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

You may purchase or sell Portfolio shares through a contract offered by an insurance company. When insurance companies establish omnibus accounts in a Portfolio for their clients, we cannot monitor the individual clients’ trading activity. However, we review trading activity at the omnibus account level, and we look for activity that may indicate potential frequent trading or market-timing. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will seek the assistance of the insurance company to investigate that trading activity and take appropriate action, including prohibiting additional purchases of portfolio shares by a client. Insurance companies may apply frequent-trading policies that differ from one another. Please read the insurance company contract and program materials carefully to learn of any rules or fees that may apply.

See the accompanying prospectus for the annuity or insurance program through which Portfolio shares are offered for further details on transaction policies.

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Each Portfolio (other than the Money Market Portfolio), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section of this prospectus and the prospectuses of the underlying funds of the funds of funds, respectively. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

A mutual fund’s turnover rate is a measure of its trading activity. The Portfolios may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. The turnover rates for the Portfolios can be found in the Financial Highlights section of this prospectus, except for the Money Market Portfolio, whose turnover rate is not meaningful because of the very short-term nature of its holdings. A turnover rate of 100% would occur, for example, if a Portfolio sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period.

The Portfolios and Vanguard

Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, a family of more than 190 mutual funds holding assets of approximately $3 trillion. All of the funds that are members of The Vanguard Group (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs.

The Conservative Allocation, Moderate Allocation, and Total Stock Market Index Portfolios are funds of funds. According to an agreement applicable to these Portfolios and Vanguard, each Portfolio’s direct expenses will be offset by Vanguard for (1) the Portfolio’s contributions to the costs of operating the underlying Vanguard funds in which the Portfolio invests and (2) certain savings in administrative and marketing costs that Vanguard expects to derive from the Portfolio’s operation.

The Portfolios’ trustees believe that the offsets should be sufficient to cover most, if not all, of the direct expenses incurred by the Portfolios. As a result, each Portfolio is expected to operate at a very low or zero direct expense ratio. Since their inceptions, the Portfolios, in fact, have incurred no direct net expenses. Although the Portfolios are not expected to incur any net expenses directly, the Portfolios’ shareholders indirectly bear the expenses of the underlying Vanguard funds.

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Investment Advisors

The Vanguard Group, Inc.

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to 11 of the Portfolios of Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund. As of December 31, 2015, Vanguard managed approximately $2.6 trillion in assets.

Vanguard, through its Fixed Income Group, provides investment advisory services for the Money Market, Short-Term Investment-Grade, and Total Bond Market Index Portfolios. The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of these Portfolios are: William D. Baird, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has worked in investment management since 1988, has managed investment portfolios since 1993, and has co-managed the Total Bond Market Index Portfolio since joining Vanguard in 2008. Education: B.A., Rutgers University; M.B.A., Stern School of Business at New York University.

Joshua C. Barrickman, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and co-head of Vanguard’s Fixed Income Indexing Americas. He has been with Vanguard since 1998, has worked in investment management since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2005, and has co-managed the Total Bond Market Index Portfolio since 2013. Education: B.S., Ohio Northern University; M.B.A., Lehigh University.

John C. Lanius, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1996, has worked in investment management since 1997, and has managed investment portfolios, including the Money Market Portfolio, since 2004. Education: B.A., Middlebury College.

Gregory S. Nassour, CFA, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1992, has worked in investment management since 1994, has managed investment portfolios since 2001, and has managed the Short-Term Investment-Grade Portfolio since 2002. Education: B.S., West Chester University; M.B.A., St. Joseph’s University.