Form 485BPOS PRUDENTIAL INVESTMENT
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E-mailAs filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 2, 2024
Securities Act Registration No. 333-42705
Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-08565
Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-08565
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO.
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 85 (X)
PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO.
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 85 (X)
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
AMENDMENT NO. 86 (X)
Check appropriate box or boxes
AMENDMENT NO. 86 (X)
Check appropriate box or boxes
Exact name of registrant as specified in charter
655 Broad Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102
Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code
Newark, New Jersey 07102
Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code
1-800-225-1852
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code
Andrew R. French
655 Broad Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102
Name and Address of Agent for Service
655 Broad Street
Newark, New Jersey 07102
Name and Address of Agent for Service
It is proposed that this filing will become effective:
X immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
__ on (___) pursuant to paragraph (b)
__ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
__ on (____) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
__ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
__ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
__ on (___) pursuant to paragraph (b)
__ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
__ on (____) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
__ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
__ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
If appropriate, check the following box:
__ this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
__ this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
Explanatory Note
This Post-Effective Amendment No. 85 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 and Amendment No. 86 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Amendment”) only relates to the PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund, PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund and PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund series of the Registrant.
The Amendment is not intended to amend the current prospectuses and statements of additional information for the other series of the Registrant.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
PROSPECTUS — April 3, 2024
|
PGIM CONSERVATIVE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFCX |
|
PGIM MODERATE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFMX |
|
PGIM ENHANCED RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFEX |
|
The Securities and Exchange Commission
(“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved the
Funds' shares, nor has the SEC determined
that this prospectus is complete or accurate.
It is a criminal offense to state otherwise. Mutual funds are distributed by Prudential
Investment Management Services LLC, a
Prudential Financial company, member SIPC.
PGIM DC Solutions LLC (“PGIM DC
Solutions”) is an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of PGIM, Inc. (“PGIM”), a
Prudential Financial company. © 2024
Prudential Financial, Inc. and its related
entities. The Prudential logo and the Rock
symbol are service marks of Prudential
Financial, Inc. and its related entities,
registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. |
 |
To enroll in e-delivery, go to pgim.com/investments/resource/edelivery
Table of Contents
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Class R6 |
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Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
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Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lower of the original purchase price or the net asset value at redemption) |
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Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on reinvested dividends and other distributions |
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Redemption fee |
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Exchange fee |
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Maximum account fee (accounts under $10,000) |
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Class R6 |
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Management fee |
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Distribution (12b-1) fees |
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Other expenses(1)
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Acquired Fund fees and expenses |
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Total annual Fund operating expenses |
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Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement |
( |
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Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(2) |
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(1) Other expenses (which include expenses for accounting and valuation services, custodian fees, audit and legal fees, transfer agency fees, fees paid to Independent Trustees and certain other miscellaneous items) are estimated on average net assets of $5 million for the Fund’s first fiscal year of operations.
(2) PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”) has contractually agreed to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements to 0.35% of average daily net assets for Class R6 shares. This contractual waiver includes acquired fund fees and expenses, and excludes Fund and any acquired fund interest, brokerage, taxes (such as income and foreign withholding taxes, stamp duty and deferred tax expenses), extraordinary expenses, and certain other Fund expenses such as dividend and interest expense and broker charges on short sales. Fees and/or expenses waived and/or reimbursed by PGIM Investments for the purpose of preventing the expenses from exceeding a certain expense ratio limit may be recouped by PGIM Investments within the same fiscal year during which such waiver and/or reimbursement is made if such recoupment can be realized without exceeding the expense limit in effect at the time of the recoupment for that fiscal year. This waiver has no express termination date and may not be terminated by PGIM Investments without the prior approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
5
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
The order of the below risk factors does not indicate the significance of any particular risk factor.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
6
7
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
8
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
|
Investment Manager |
Subadviser |
Portfolio Managers |
Title |
Service Date |
|
PGIM Investments LLC |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
Jeremy Stempien |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Strategist |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
Joel M. Kallman, CFA |
Vice President and
Portfolio Manager |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
David Blanchett, PhD,
CFA, CFP® |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Head of Retirement
Research |
April 2024 |
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Minimum initial investment |
None |
|
Minimum subsequent investment |
None |
9
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Class R6 shares are available for purchase by certain group retirement plans, institutional investors, and certain other eligible investors but are generally not available for purchase by individuals. Please see “How to Buy, Sell and Exchange Fund Shares —How to Buy Fund Shares —Qualifying for Class R6 Shares” in the Prospectus for purchase eligibility requirements.
TAX INFORMATION
Dividends, Capital Gains and Taxes. The Fund's dividends and distributions are taxable and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIaries
If you purchase Fund shares through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, bank, retirement recordkeeper or other financial services firm, the Fund or its affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or for services to shareholders. This may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or representative or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
10
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
|
|
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lower of the original purchase price or the net asset value at redemption) |
|
|
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on reinvested dividends and other distributions |
|
|
Redemption fee |
|
|
Exchange fee |
|
|
Maximum account fee (accounts under $10,000) |
|
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Management fee |
|
|
Distribution (12b-1) fees |
|
|
Other expenses(1)
|
|
|
Acquired Fund fees and expenses |
|
|
Total annual Fund operating expenses |
|
|
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement |
( |
|
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(2) |
|
(1) Other expenses (which include expenses for accounting and valuation services, custodian fees, audit and legal fees, transfer agency fees, fees paid to Independent Trustees and certain other miscellaneous items) are estimated on average net assets of $5 million for the Fund’s first fiscal year of operations.
(2) PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”) has contractually agreed to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements to 0.35% of average daily net assets for Class R6 shares. This contractual waiver includes acquired fund fees and expenses, and excludes Fund and any acquired fund interest, brokerage, taxes (such as income and foreign withholding taxes, stamp duty and deferred tax expenses), extraordinary expenses, and certain other Fund expenses such as dividend and interest expense and broker charges on short sales. Fees and/or expenses waived and/or reimbursed by PGIM Investments for the purpose of preventing the expenses from exceeding a certain expense ratio limit may be recouped by PGIM Investments within the same fiscal year during which such waiver and/or reimbursement is made if such recoupment can be realized without exceeding the expense limit in effect at the time of the recoupment for that fiscal year. This waiver has no express termination date and may not be terminated by PGIM Investments without the prior approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
11
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
The order of the below risk factors does not indicate the significance of any particular risk factor.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
12
13
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
14
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
|
Investment Manager |
Subadviser |
Portfolio Managers |
Title |
Service Date |
|
PGIM Investments LLC |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
Jeremy Stempien |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Strategist |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
Joel M. Kallman, CFA |
Vice President and
Portfolio Manager |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
David Blanchett, PhD,
CFA, CFP® |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Head of Retirement
Research |
April 2024 |
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Minimum initial investment |
None |
|
Minimum subsequent investment |
None |
15
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Class R6 shares are available for purchase by certain group retirement plans, institutional investors, and certain other eligible investors but are generally not available for purchase by individuals. Please see “How to Buy, Sell and Exchange Fund Shares —How to Buy Fund Shares —Qualifying for Class R6 Shares” in the Prospectus for purchase eligibility requirements.
TAX INFORMATION
Dividends, Capital Gains and Taxes. The Fund's dividends and distributions are taxable and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIaries
If you purchase Fund shares through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, bank, retirement recordkeeper or other financial services firm, the Fund or its affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or for services to shareholders. This may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or representative or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
16
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |
|
|
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lower of the original purchase price or the net asset value at redemption) |
|
|
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on reinvested dividends and other distributions |
|
|
Redemption fee |
|
|
Exchange fee |
|
|
Maximum account fee (accounts under $10,000) |
|
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Management fee |
|
|
Distribution (12b-1) fees |
|
|
Other expenses(1)
|
|
|
Acquired Fund fees and expenses |
|
|
Total annual Fund operating expenses |
|
|
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement |
( |
|
Total annual Fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(2) |
|
(1) Other expenses (which include expenses for accounting and valuation services, custodian fees, audit and legal fees, transfer agency fees, fees paid to Independent Trustees and certain other miscellaneous items) are estimated on average net assets of $5 million for the Fund’s first fiscal year of operations.
(2) PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”) has contractually agreed to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements to 0.35% of average daily net assets for Class R6 shares. This contractual waiver includes acquired fund fees and expenses, and excludes Fund and any acquired fund interest, brokerage, taxes (such as income and foreign withholding taxes, stamp duty and deferred tax expenses), extraordinary expenses, and certain other Fund expenses such as dividend and interest expense and broker charges on short sales. Fees and/or expenses waived and/or reimbursed by PGIM Investments for the purpose of preventing the expenses from exceeding a certain expense ratio limit may be recouped by PGIM Investments within the same fiscal year during which such waiver and/or reimbursement is made if such recoupment can be realized without exceeding the expense limit in effect at the time of the recoupment for that fiscal year. This waiver has no express termination date and may not be terminated by PGIM Investments without the prior approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees.
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
|
Share Class |
1 Year |
3 Years |
|
Class R6 |
$ |
$ |
17
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
The order of the below risk factors does not indicate the significance of any particular risk factor.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
18
19
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
20
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
|
Investment Manager |
Subadviser |
Portfolio Managers |
Title |
Service Date |
|
PGIM Investments LLC |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
Jeremy Stempien |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Strategist |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
Joel M. Kallman, CFA |
Vice President and
Portfolio Manager |
April 2024 |
|
|
|
David Blanchett, PhD,
CFA, CFP® |
Managing Director,
Portfolio Manager and
Head of Retirement
Research |
April 2024 |
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Minimum initial investment |
None |
|
Minimum subsequent investment |
None |
21
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Class R6 shares are available for purchase by certain group retirement plans, institutional investors, and certain other eligible investors but are generally not available for purchase by individuals. Please see “How to Buy, Sell and Exchange Fund Shares —How to Buy Fund Shares —Qualifying for Class R6 Shares” in the Prospectus for purchase eligibility requirements.
TAX INFORMATION
Dividends, Capital Gains and Taxes. The Fund's dividends and distributions are taxable and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIaries
If you purchase Fund shares through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, bank, retirement recordkeeper or other financial services firm, the Fund or its affiliates may pay the financial intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and/or for services to shareholders. This may create a conflict of interest by influencing the financial intermediary or its representatives to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or representative or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
22
MORE ABOUT THE FUNDS' PRINCIPAL AND NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, INVESTMENTS AND RISKS
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND INVESTMENTS
Each Fund is one of three funds which comprise the PGIM Retirement Spending Funds (the “PGIM Retirement Spending Funds”). Each Fund is structured as a “fund of funds,” meaning that instead of buying individual securities directly, the Fund invests primarily in mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (collectively, the “Underlying Funds”). The Underlying Funds are primarily mutual funds and ETFs within the PGIM Funds family but may also include mutual funds and ETFs that are not within the PGIM Funds family (for example, to expand the strategies covered by the Underlying Funds).
The PGIM Retirement Spending Funds are intended to provide an investment solution for investors seeking to fund various types of individual retirement spending. Each Fund offers investors a means to manage their long-term investments in light of personal investment goals.
The investments held by Underlying Funds that provide exposure to equities may include U.S. large-cap equity, mid-cap equity and small-cap equity, as well as international and emerging markets equity. Underlying Funds that provide exposure to fixed income may invest primarily in debt obligations of varying credit quality, including securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government and its agencies, and debt obligations issued by U.S. companies, foreign companies and foreign governments and their agencies, including below investment grade bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds.” Underlying Funds may gain exposure to non-traditional asset classes through investments in securities and related derivatives of issuers that are primarily engaged in or related to the real estate industry, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), infrastructure and commodity-related instruments and derivative securities or instruments, such as options and futures, the value of which is derived from another security, a commodity, a currency or an index.
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund is intended for retirees and near retirees who are looking to fund essential and flexible spending in retirement with an emphasis on essential spending. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a balance between growth and conservation of capital. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in Underlying Funds that invest in a portfolio of fixed income and equity securities and non-traditional asset classes. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest approximately 60% (which may range from 50% to 70%) of its total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in fixed income securities and invest the remainder of the Fund’s total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in equity securities and non-traditional asset classes. The subadviser will monitor the Fund’s investments in Underlying Funds on a regular basis in order to maintain the approximate allocation to each asset class and, without prior notification to shareholders, will make changes to the Fund’s asset allocations as it deems appropriate in seeking to meet the Fund’s investment objective in light of market and economic conditions and such other factors as it deems relevant.
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund is intended for retirees and near retirees who are looking to fund a balance between essential and flexible spending in retirement. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a balance between growth and conservation of capital. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in Underlying Funds that invest in a portfolio of equity and fixed income securities and non-traditional asset classes. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest approximately 60% (which may range from 50% to 70%) of its total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in a portfolio of equity securities and non-traditional asset classes and invest the remainder of the Fund’s total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in fixed income securities. The subadviser will monitor the Fund’s investments in Underlying Funds on a regular basis in order to maintain the approximate allocation to each asset class and, without prior notification to shareholders, will make changes to the Fund’s asset allocations as it deems appropriate in seeking to meet the Fund’s investment objective in light of market and economic conditions and such other factors as it deems relevant.
23
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund is intended for retirees and near retirees who are looking to fund essential and flexible spending in retirement with an emphasis on flexible spending. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek a balance between growth and conservation of capital. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in Underlying Funds that invest in a portfolio of equity securities and non-traditional asset classes. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest approximately 80% (which may range from 70% to 90%) of its total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in a portfolio of equity securities and non-traditional asset classes and invest the remainder of the Fund’s total assets in Underlying Funds that invest primarily in fixed income securities. The subadviser will monitor the Fund’s investments in Underlying Funds on a regular basis in order to maintain the approximate allocation to each asset class and, without prior notification to shareholders, will make changes to the Fund’s asset allocations as it deems appropriate in seeking to meet the Fund’s investment objective in light of market and economic conditions and such other factors as it deems relevant.
The Funds' investment policies that are not fundamental may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval. Each Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and therefore may be changed by the Board without prior shareholder approval.
Underlying Funds
Each Fund invests in securities and other instruments principally by purchasing shares of the Underlying Funds. Each Underlying Fund has its own investment objectives and principal strategies. Except for each Underlying Fund's fundamental policies, each Underlying Fund may change its principal strategies without shareholder approval to the extent consistent with the Underlying Fund's objectives. The Underlying Funds' fundamental policies may be changed only with approval of their respective shareholders. Consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies, from time to time the Manager and the subadviser may add other Underlying Funds to, or remove current Underlying Funds from, the universe of Underlying Funds in which a Fund may invest.
Each Fund invests in securities and other instruments principally by purchasing shares of the Underlying Funds. Each Underlying Fund has its own investment objectives and principal strategies. Except for each Underlying Fund's fundamental policies, each Underlying Fund may change its principal strategies without shareholder approval to the extent consistent with the Underlying Fund's objectives. The Underlying Funds' fundamental policies may be changed only with approval of their respective shareholders. Consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies, from time to time the Manager and the subadviser may add other Underlying Funds to, or remove current Underlying Funds from, the universe of Underlying Funds in which a Fund may invest.
Equity and Equity-Related Securities
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in equity and equity-related securities. In addition to common stocks, nonconvertible preferred stocks and convertible securities, equity-related securities include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”); warrants and rights that can be exercised to obtain stock; investments in various types of business ventures, including partnerships and joint ventures. The Underlying Funds may buy equity and equity-related securities of companies of every size—small, medium and large capitalization.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in equity and equity-related securities. In addition to common stocks, nonconvertible preferred stocks and convertible securities, equity-related securities include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”); warrants and rights that can be exercised to obtain stock; investments in various types of business ventures, including partnerships and joint ventures. The Underlying Funds may buy equity and equity-related securities of companies of every size—small, medium and large capitalization.
Fixed Income Securities
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in debt obligations, including corporate and non-corporate obligations, such as U.S. Government securities. The debt obligations held by an Underlying Fund will have varying average maturities and average durations. Lower-rated debt obligations—also known as “junk bonds”—have a higher risk of default and tend to be less liquid and more volatile than higher-rated obligations. An Underlying Fund also may invest in obligations that are not rated, but that the subadviser to the Underlying Fund believes are of comparable quality to these lower-rated obligations.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in debt obligations, including corporate and non-corporate obligations, such as U.S. Government securities. The debt obligations held by an Underlying Fund will have varying average maturities and average durations. Lower-rated debt obligations—also known as “junk bonds”—have a higher risk of default and tend to be less liquid and more volatile than higher-rated obligations. An Underlying Fund also may invest in obligations that are not rated, but that the subadviser to the Underlying Fund believes are of comparable quality to these lower-rated obligations.
Money Market Instruments
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in money market instruments, which include the commercial paper of corporations, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and other obligations of domestic and non-U.S. banks, nonconvertible debt securities (corporate and government), short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements and cash (non-U.S. currencies or U.S. dollars). Generally, money market instruments provide a fixed rate of return, but provide less opportunity for capital appreciation than stocks.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in money market instruments, which include the commercial paper of corporations, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and other obligations of domestic and non-U.S. banks, nonconvertible debt securities (corporate and government), short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements and cash (non-U.S. currencies or U.S. dollars). Generally, money market instruments provide a fixed rate of return, but provide less opportunity for capital appreciation than stocks.
U.S. Government Securities
The Underlying Funds may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government. Not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the
The Underlying Funds may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government. Not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
24
United States, which means that payment of principal and interest are guaranteed, but market value is not. Some are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, depend entirely on their own resources to repay their debt and are subject to the risk of default like private issuers.
Emerging Market Investments
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in the securities of issuers domiciled in various countries with emerging capital markets. Countries with emerging markets can be found in regions such as Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Africa. Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. Investments in such capital markets offer a way to gain exposure to smaller, developing markets and economies.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in the securities of issuers domiciled in various countries with emerging capital markets. Countries with emerging markets can be found in regions such as Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe and Africa. Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. Investments in such capital markets offer a way to gain exposure to smaller, developing markets and economies.
Non-U.S. Securities
Certain Underlying Funds invest in non-U.S. equity securities or in fixed income securities of non-U.S. issuers. The Underlying Funds’ investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets involve additional risk. Non-U.S. countries in which the Underlying Funds may invest may have markets that are less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets.
Certain Underlying Funds invest in non-U.S. equity securities or in fixed income securities of non-U.S. issuers. The Underlying Funds’ investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets involve additional risk. Non-U.S. countries in which the Underlying Funds may invest may have markets that are less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets.
Mortgage-Related Securities
Certain Underlying Funds invest in mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. governmental entities or private entities and in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued by private issuers. These securities are usually pass-through instruments that pay investors a share of all interest and principal payments from an underlying pool of fixed or adjustable rate mortgages. Mortgage-related securities include CMOs, multi-class pass-through securities and stripped mortgage-backed securities. A CMO is a security backed by an underlying portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities that may be issued or guaranteed by a bank or by U.S. governmental entities. A multi-class pass-through security is an equity interest in a trust composed of underlying mortgage assets. Payments of principal and interest on the mortgage assets and any reinvestment income thereon provide the funds to pay debt service on the CMO or to make scheduled distributions on the multi-class pass-through security. A stripped mortgage-backed security (“MBS”) may be issued by U.S. governmental entities or by private institutions. Stripped MBS take the pieces of a debt security (principal and interest) and break them apart. The resulting securities may be sold separately and may perform differently.
Certain Underlying Funds invest in mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. governmental entities or private entities and in collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued by private issuers. These securities are usually pass-through instruments that pay investors a share of all interest and principal payments from an underlying pool of fixed or adjustable rate mortgages. Mortgage-related securities include CMOs, multi-class pass-through securities and stripped mortgage-backed securities. A CMO is a security backed by an underlying portfolio of mortgages or mortgage-backed securities that may be issued or guaranteed by a bank or by U.S. governmental entities. A multi-class pass-through security is an equity interest in a trust composed of underlying mortgage assets. Payments of principal and interest on the mortgage assets and any reinvestment income thereon provide the funds to pay debt service on the CMO or to make scheduled distributions on the multi-class pass-through security. A stripped mortgage-backed security (“MBS”) may be issued by U.S. governmental entities or by private institutions. Stripped MBS take the pieces of a debt security (principal and interest) and break them apart. The resulting securities may be sold separately and may perform differently.
Asset-Backed Securities
Certain Underlying Funds invest in asset-backed securities. An asset-backed security is another type of pass-through instrument that pays interest based upon the cash flow of an underlying pool of assets, such as automobile loans or credit card receivables. Unlike most corporate bonds, which are usually unsecured, most asset-backed securities are secured by collateral, or collateralized, which provides for more predictable cash flows and more protection against event-risk downgrades. However, to the extent a borrower fails to make timely repayments on the underlying loans when due or prepayments on underlying assets accelerate due to declines in interest rates, the Underlying Fund, and, therefore, a Fund, could suffer a loss on its investment. Some asset-backed securities, however, may be collateralized by a portfolio of corporate bonds or other securities, including, in some cases, junk bonds or non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.
Certain Underlying Funds invest in asset-backed securities. An asset-backed security is another type of pass-through instrument that pays interest based upon the cash flow of an underlying pool of assets, such as automobile loans or credit card receivables. Unlike most corporate bonds, which are usually unsecured, most asset-backed securities are secured by collateral, or collateralized, which provides for more predictable cash flows and more protection against event-risk downgrades. However, to the extent a borrower fails to make timely repayments on the underlying loans when due or prepayments on underlying assets accelerate due to declines in interest rates, the Underlying Fund, and, therefore, a Fund, could suffer a loss on its investment. Some asset-backed securities, however, may be collateralized by a portfolio of corporate bonds or other securities, including, in some cases, junk bonds or non-U.S. dollar denominated securities.
Derivative Strategies
Certain Underlying Funds use various derivative strategies to try to improve their returns. An Underlying Fund may use hedging techniques to try to protect its assets. It cannot be guaranteed that these strategies will work, that the instruments necessary to implement these strategies will be available or that an Underlying Fund and, therefore, a Fund, will not lose money. Derivatives involve costs and can be volatile. With derivatives, the subadviser tries to predict whether the underlying investment—a security, market index, currency, interest rate or some other benchmark—will go up or down at some future date. An Underlying Fund may use derivatives to try to reduce risk or to increase returns consistent with each Underlying Fund’s overall investment objective. The subadviser of an Underlying Fund will consider other factors (such as cost) in deciding whether to employ any particular strategy or use any particular instrument. Any derivatives that are used may not match or offset the Underlying Fund’s underlying positions and this could result in losses to the Underlying Fund and, therefore, to the Fund that would not otherwise have occurred.
Certain Underlying Funds use various derivative strategies to try to improve their returns. An Underlying Fund may use hedging techniques to try to protect its assets. It cannot be guaranteed that these strategies will work, that the instruments necessary to implement these strategies will be available or that an Underlying Fund and, therefore, a Fund, will not lose money. Derivatives involve costs and can be volatile. With derivatives, the subadviser tries to predict whether the underlying investment—a security, market index, currency, interest rate or some other benchmark—will go up or down at some future date. An Underlying Fund may use derivatives to try to reduce risk or to increase returns consistent with each Underlying Fund’s overall investment objective. The subadviser of an Underlying Fund will consider other factors (such as cost) in deciding whether to employ any particular strategy or use any particular instrument. Any derivatives that are used may not match or offset the Underlying Fund’s underlying positions and this could result in losses to the Underlying Fund and, therefore, to the Fund that would not otherwise have occurred.
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Derivatives that involve leverage could magnify losses. The Underlying Fund may be limited in its use of derivatives by rules adopted by the SEC governing derivatives transactions. Although an Underlying Fund has the flexibility to make use of derivatives, it may choose not to for a variety of reasons, even under very volatile market conditions.
Commodities
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in commodities and/or commodity-linked investments through a wholly-owned subsidiary organized in the Cayman Islands (a Cayman Subsidiary). Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil and other energy products, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked derivative instrument is a financial instrument the value of which is determined by the value of one or more commodities, such as precious metals and agricultural products, or an index of various commodities. Commodity-linked derivative instruments include, but are not limited to, commodity-linked notes, swap agreements, commodity options, futures and options on futures, which provide exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in commodities and/or commodity-linked investments through a wholly-owned subsidiary organized in the Cayman Islands (a Cayman Subsidiary). Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil and other energy products, metals, and agricultural products. A commodity-linked derivative instrument is a financial instrument the value of which is determined by the value of one or more commodities, such as precious metals and agricultural products, or an index of various commodities. Commodity-linked derivative instruments include, but are not limited to, commodity-linked notes, swap agreements, commodity options, futures and options on futures, which provide exposure to the investment returns of the commodities markets without investing directly in physical commodities.
Real Estate Investment Trusts
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in the equity securities of real estate investment trusts known as REITs. REITs are like corporations, except that they do not pay income taxes if they meet certain Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) requirements. However, while REITs themselves do not pay income taxes, the distributions they make to investors are taxable. REITs invest primarily in real estate and distribute almost all of their income—most of which comes from rents, mortgages and gains on sales of property—to shareholders.
Certain Underlying Funds may invest in the equity securities of real estate investment trusts known as REITs. REITs are like corporations, except that they do not pay income taxes if they meet certain Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) requirements. However, while REITs themselves do not pay income taxes, the distributions they make to investors are taxable. REITs invest primarily in real estate and distribute almost all of their income—most of which comes from rents, mortgages and gains on sales of property—to shareholders.
Cash Management
To the extent that any Fund has uninvested assets, such assets will be invested primarily in short-term money market instruments. The Funds may buy these instruments directly, rather than through investing in an Underlying Fund. These investments may be inconsistent with that Fund’s principal strategies and could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.
To the extent that any Fund has uninvested assets, such assets will be invested primarily in short-term money market instruments. The Funds may buy these instruments directly, rather than through investing in an Underlying Fund. These investments may be inconsistent with that Fund’s principal strategies and could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective.
THE FUNDS OF FUNDS STRUCTURE
The Funds generally invest in Class R6 shares of the Underlying Funds that are mutual funds within the PGIM fund family. If an Underlying Fund does not offer Class R6 shares or is not part of the PGIM fund family, then the Funds will seek to invest in an equivalent share class or in the least expensive share class available by the Underlying Fund.
Because the assets of each Fund are invested in Underlying Funds, each Fund’s investment performance is directly related to the investment performance of the Underlying Funds in which it invests. A Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective will depend, in significant part, on the extent to which the Underlying Funds realize their investment objectives. The degree to which a Fund can achieve its objective will also depend on whether the subadviser’s allocations to the various asset classes through allocation among the Underlying Funds prove successful. Also, through their investments in Underlying Funds, the Funds will bear the same types of investment risks that apply to the Underlying Funds. The degree to which a Fund is subject to investment risks will depend on the amount of the Fund’s assets invested in particular Underlying Funds. The subadviser may invest in Underlying Funds that have a limited performance history.
In addition, it is possible that one Underlying Fund may be selling a security at approximately the same time another Underlying Fund is purchasing that security, resulting in the Funds indirectly incurring transaction costs with no change in investment exposure.
An Underlying Fund may invest in the same security or investment as another Underlying Fund. Therefore, as a Fund shareholder you may end up indirectly exposed to the same security or investment held by different Underlying Funds.
Fund Fees and Expenses. As a Fund shareholder, you do not have to pay any additional sales charges or ongoing distribution fees as part of the fund of funds structure when investments are made in Underlying Funds that are within the PGIM fund family. This is because the Funds primarily invest in Class R6 shares of the Underlying Funds that are mutual funds within the PGIM fund family (or least expensive share class equivalent, for Underlying Funds which do
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not offer Class R6) or Underlying Funds that are ETFs, each of which do not bear those charges and fees. While there are no duplicative sales charges or distribution fees, you will bear a proportionate share of certain expenses of the Underlying Funds, in addition to the expenses of the Fund you own, such as advisory fees, fees for custodian services, Trustees’ fees, legal and accounting services and transfer agency services (as applicable).
We will make every effort to avoid duplicative expenses where possible. You should consider whether a Fund’s expenses are offset by its asset allocation structure, which allows you to hold a broad array of investments while owning shares of a single mutual fund. The indirect expenses of the Funds may fluctuate over time due to fluctuations in expenses incurred by the Underlying Funds, and fluctuations in the asset allocation of the assets of the Funds among the Underlying Funds.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUNDS
The order of the below risk factors does not indicate the significance of any particular risk factor.
All investments involve risk, and investing in the Funds is no exception. The risks of investing in the Funds are further discussed below.
The following are risks associated with each Fund’s investment strategies:
Affiliated Funds Risk. The Fund’s Manager serves as manager of certain of the Underlying Funds. In addition, the Fund may invest in certain Underlying Funds for which the subadviser serves as subadviser. It is possible that a conflict of interest among the Fund and the Underlying Funds could affect how the Manager and subadviser fulfill their fiduciary duties to the Fund and the Underlying Funds. For example, the subadviser may have an incentive to allocate the Fund’s assets to those Underlying Funds for which the fees paid to the Manager or the subadviser are higher than the fees paid by other Underlying Funds for which the subadviser also serves as a subadviser. However, the Fund has adopted procedures to mitigate these concerns. In addition, it is expected that the subadviser will generally seek to allocate the Fund's assets to Underlying Funds affiliated with the Manager and the subadviser. The fees charged by Underlying Funds may not necessarily be the least expensive.
Asset Allocation Risk. The Fund’s risks will directly correspond to the risks of the Underlying Funds in which it invests. By investing in many Underlying Funds, the Fund has partial exposure to the risks of many different areas in the market, and the Fund’s overall level of risk should decline over time. However, the selection of the Underlying Funds and the allocation of the Fund’s assets among the various asset classes and market sectors could cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.
Asset Class Variation Risk. The Underlying Funds invest principally in the securities constituting their asset class (i.e., equity, non-traditional and fixed income). Depending on the percentage of securities in a particular asset class held by the Underlying Funds at any given time and the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in various Underlying Funds, the Fund’s actual exposure to the securities in a particular asset class may vary substantially from the allocation to that asset class. There is a risk that the Manager’s evaluations and assumptions regarding asset classes or Underlying Funds may be incorrect in view of actual market conditions.
In addition, there is no guarantee that the Underlying Funds will achieve their investment objectives, and the Underlying Funds’ performance may be lower than the performance of the asset class which they were selected to represent. The Underlying Funds may change their investment objectives or policies without the approval of the Fund. If an Underlying Fund were to change its investment objective or policies, the Fund might be forced to withdraw its investment from the Underlying Fund at a disadvantageous time and price.
Cash Management Risk. The value of the investments held by the Fund for cash management purposes can fluctuate. Like other fixed income securities, they are subject to risk, including market, interest rate and credit risk. If the Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash. If the Fund holds cash uninvested, the Fund will not earn income on the cash. If a significant amount of the Fund’s assets are used for cash management purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective.
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Cyber Security Risk. Failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Fund’s manager, subadviser, distributor, and other service providers, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to cause disruptions and negatively impact the Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. While the Fund has established business continuity plans and risk management systems seeking to address system breaches or failures, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems of the Fund’s service providers or issuers of securities in which the Fund invests.
Fund of Funds Risk. The value of an investment in the Fund will be related, to a degree, to the investment performance of the Underlying Funds in which it invests. Therefore, the principal risks of investing in the Fund are closely related to the principal risks associated with these Underlying Funds and their investments. Because the Fund’s allocation among different Underlying Funds and direct investments in securities and derivatives will vary, an investment in the Fund may be subject to any and all of these risks at different times and to different degrees. Investing in an Underlying Fund will also expose the Fund to a pro rata portion of the Underlying Fund’s fees and expenses. In addition, one Underlying Fund may buy the same securities that another Underlying Fund sells. Therefore, the Fund would indirectly bear the costs of these trades without accomplishing the investment purpose.
Increase in Expenses Risk. Your actual cost of investing in the Fund may be higher than the expenses shown in the expense table for a variety of reasons. For example, expense ratios may be higher than those shown if average net assets decrease. Net assets are more likely to decrease and Fund expense ratios are more likely to increase when markets are volatile. Active and frequent trading of Underlying Fund securities can increase expenses.
Large Shareholder and Large Scale Redemption Risk. Certain individuals, accounts, funds (including funds affiliated with the Manager) or institutions, including the Manager and its affiliates, may from time to time own or control a substantial amount of the Fund’s shares. There is no requirement that these entities maintain their investment in the Fund. These shareholders may also pledge or loan Fund shares (to secure financing or otherwise), which may result in the shares becoming concentrated in another party. There is a risk that such large shareholders or that the Fund’s shareholders generally may redeem all or a substantial portion of their investments in the Fund in a short period of time, which could have a significant negative impact on the Fund’s NAV, liquidity, and brokerage costs. Such redemptions may cause the Fund to have to sell securities at inopportune times or prices. These transactions may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and increase transaction costs. In addition, large redemption requests may exceed the cash balance of the Fund and result in credit line borrowing fees and/or overdraft charges to the Fund until the sales of portfolio securities necessary to cover the redemption request settle. To the extent a large shareholder in the Fund is an entity subject to domestic and/or international regulations governing banking or other financial institutions, changes in those regulations (e.g., capital requirements) or in the shareholder’s financial status may cause or require the shareholder to redeem its investment in the Fund when it otherwise would not choose to redeem that investment. It is also possible that a significant redemption could result in an increase in Fund expenses on account of being spread over a smaller asset base, and therefore make it more difficult for the Fund to implement its investment strategy. Large redemptions could also result in tax consequences to shareholders. The Fund’s ability to pursue its investment objective after one or more large scale redemptions may be impaired and, as a result, the Fund may invest a larger portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents.
New Fund Risk. The Fund recently commenced operations. As a new and relatively small fund, the Fund's performance may not represent how the Fund is expected to or may perform in the long term if it becomes larger and after it has fully implemented its investment strategies. Investment positions may have a disproportionate impact (negative or positive) on performance in new and smaller funds. New and smaller funds may also require a period of time before they are invested in securities that meet their investment objectives and policies and achieve a representative portfolio composition. Accordingly, investors in the Fund bear the risk that the Fund may not be successful in implementing its investment strategy, and may not employ a successful investment strategy, either of which could result in the Fund being liquidated at any time without shareholder approval and/or at a time that may not be favorable for all shareholders. Such a liquidation could result in transaction costs and have negative tax consequences for shareholders. In addition, seed investors, such as the Manager, an affiliate of the Manager, or other entity, may
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contribute all or a majority of the assets to the Fund in order to facilitate commencement of the Fund’s operations or to facilitate the Fund’s achieving a certain size or scale. Seed investors may represent a controlling interest in the Fund. To the extent a seed investor in the Fund is an entity subject to domestic and/or international regulations governing banking or other financial institutions, changes in those regulations (e.g., capital requirements) or in the seed investor’s financial status may cause or require the seed investor to redeem its investment in the Fund when it otherwise would not choose to redeem that investment.
The following are risks associated with the Underlying Funds’ investment strategies:
Commodity Risk. The values of commodities and commodity-linked investments are affected by events that might have less impact on the value of stocks and bonds. Such investments may be speculative. Prices of commodities and related contracts may fluctuate significantly over short periods for a variety of reasons, including weather, crop or livestock disease, investment speculation, resource availability, fluctuations in industrial and commercial supply and demand, U.S. agricultural, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs, embargoes, tariffs, and international political, economic, military and regulatory developments. These risks may subject an Underlying Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional instruments or securities. In addition, the commodities markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to a variety of factors, including participation of speculators, government intervention and regulation, and certain lack of liquidity in the markets.
Commodity-Linked Notes Risk. Certain Underlying Funds may invest in leveraged or unleveraged commodity-linked notes (“CLNs”) to gain exposure to the commodities markets. CLNs are subject to counterparty risk. The value of the CLNs may fluctuate significantly because the values of the investments to which they are linked are volatile. In addition, the terms of a CLN may create economic leverage by requiring payment by the issuer of an amount that is a multiple of the price increase or decrease of the underlying commodity, commodity index or other economic variable. Economic leverage increases the volatility of CLNs and their value may increase or decrease more quickly than the value of the underlying commodity, commodity index or other economic variable. The Underlying Funds would be exposed to the risk that an CLN’s issuer will not have sufficient assets to make interest or principal payments. An Underlying Fund could lose some or the entire amount invested in a CLN.
Concentration Risk. To the extent that an Underlying Fund is concentrated in the securities of companies, a particular market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class, country, region or group of countries, the Underlying Fund may be adversely affected by the performance of those securities, may be subject to increased price volatility and may be more susceptible to adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting that market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class, country, region or group of countries.
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to the Underlying Funds. The successful use of derivatives requires sophisticated management, and, to the extent that derivatives are used, the Underlying Funds will depend on the subadviser’s ability to analyze and manage derivatives transactions. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. Some derivatives are “leveraged” or may create economic leverage for the Underlying Funds and therefore may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to the Underlying Funds. The Underlying Funds’ use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.
Other risks arise from the potential inability to terminate or sell derivatives positions. A liquid secondary market may not always exist for the Underlying Funds’ derivatives positions. In fact, many over-the-counter derivative instruments will not have liquidity beyond the counterparty to the instrument. Over-the-counter derivative instruments also involve the risk that the other party will not meet its obligations to the Underlying Funds. The use of derivatives also exposes the Underlying Funds to operational issues, such as documentation and settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate control and human error.
Derivatives may also involve legal risks, such as insufficient documentation, the lack of capacity or authority of a counterparty to execute or settle a transaction, and the legality and enforceability of derivatives contracts. The U.S. Government and foreign governments have adopted (and may adopt further) regulations governing derivatives
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markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives, margin and reporting requirements and risk exposure limitations. Regulation of derivatives may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility to the Underlying Funds, or otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets.
Economic and Market Events Risk. Events in the U.S. and global financial markets, including actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth or the functioning of the securities markets, or otherwise reduce inflation, may at times result in unusually high market volatility, which could negatively impact performance. Governmental efforts to curb inflation often have negative effects on the level of economic activity. Relatively reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets could adversely affect issuers worldwide.
Equity and Equity-Related Securities Risks. Equity and equity-related securities may be subject to changes in value, and their values may be more volatile than those of other asset classes. In addition to an individual security losing value, the value of the equity markets or a sector in which an Underlying Fund invests could go down. Different parts of a market can react differently to adverse issuer, market, regulatory, political and economic developments.
Emerging Markets Risk. The risks of foreign investments are greater for investments in or exposed to emerging markets. Emerging market countries typically have economic and political systems that are less fully developed, and can be expected to be less stable, than those of more developed countries. For example, the economies of such countries can be subject to rapid and unpredictable rates of inflation or deflation. Low trading volumes may result in a lack of liquidity and price volatility. Emerging market countries may have policies that restrict investment by non-U.S. investors, or that prevent non-U.S. investors from withdrawing their money at will.
The Fund may invest in some emerging markets that subject it to risks such as those associated with illiquidity, custody of assets, different settlement and clearance procedures and asserting legal title under a developing legal and regulatory regime to a greater degree than in developed markets or even in other emerging markets.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. Investment in fixed income securities involves a variety of risks, including credit risk, interest rate risk, and junk bonds risk.
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Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer, the guarantor or the insurer of a fixed income security, or the counterparty to a contract, may be unable or unwilling to pay principal and interest when due or to otherwise honor its obligations. Additionally, the securities could lose value due to a loss of confidence in the ability of the issuer, guarantor, insurer or counterparty to pay back debt. Credit ratings are intended to provide a measure of credit risk. However, credit ratings are only the opinions of the credit rating agency issuing the ratings and are not guarantees as to quality. The lower the rating of a debt security held by an Underlying Fund, the greater the degree of credit risk that is perceived to exist by the credit rating agency with respect to that security. Increasing the amount of Underlying Fund assets allocated to lower-rated securities generally will increase the credit risk to which the Underlying Fund is subject. Not all securities in which the Underlying Funds invest are rated. Credit risk related to counterparties is especially important in the context of privately negotiated instruments.
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Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that the rates of interest income generated by the fixed income investments of an Underlying Fund may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates and that the market prices of the fixed income investments of the Underlying Fund may decline due to an increase in market interest rates. Generally, the longer the maturity of a fixed income security, the greater is the decline in its value when rates increase. As a result, portfolios with longer durations and longer weighted average maturities generally have more volatile share prices than portfolios with shorter durations and shorter weighted average maturities. The prices of fixed income securities generally move in the opposite direction to that of market interest rates. Certain securities acquired by an Underlying Fund may pay interest at a variable rate or the principal amount of the security periodically adjusts according to the rate of inflation or other measure. In either case, the interest rate at issuance is generally lower than the fixed interest rate of bonds of similar seniority from the same issuer; however, variable interest rate securities generally are subject to a lower risk that their value will decrease during periods of increasing interest rates and increasing inflation. The Underlying Funds may face a heightened level of interest rate risk as a result of the US Federal Reserve Board’s rate-setting policies. The Underlying Funds may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply or in a manner not anticipated by the subadviser.
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Junk Bonds Risk. Certain Underlying Funds may invest in high-yield bonds, commonly known as “junk bonds.” High-yield, high-risk bonds have predominantly speculative characteristics, including particularly high credit risk. Junk bonds tend to be less liquid than higher-rated securities. The liquidity of particular issuers or industries within a particular investment category may shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning. The non-investment grade bond market can experience sudden and sharp price swings and become illiquid due to a variety of factors, including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, a high profile default or a change in the market’s psychology.
Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (including those denominated in U.S. dollars) may involve more risk than investing in securities of U.S. issuers. Foreign political, economic and legal systems, especially those in developing and emerging market countries, may be less stable and more volatile than in the United States. Foreign legal systems generally have fewer regulatory requirements than the U.S. legal system, particularly those of emerging markets. In general, less information is publicly available with respect to non-U.S. companies than U.S. companies. Non-U.S. companies generally are not subject to the same accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards as are U.S. companies. Additionally, the changing value of foreign currencies and changes in exchange rates could also affect the value of the assets the Fund holds and the Fund’s performance. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payment of principal and interest or dividends to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise. Investments in emerging markets are subject to greater volatility and price declines.
In addition, the Fund’s investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to the risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets, imposition of currency exchange controls or restrictions on the repatriation of non-U.S. currency, confiscatory taxation and adverse diplomatic developments. Special U.S. tax considerations may apply.
Fund Rebalancing Risk. Underlying Funds may experience relatively large redemptions or investments due to a rebalancing of a Fund’s allocations. In such event, an Underlying Fund may be required to sell securities or to invest cash at a time when it is not advantageous to do so. Rebalancing may increase brokerage and/or other transaction costs of an Underlying Fund, increase the Underlying Fund’s expenses or result in the Underlying Fund’s becoming too small to be economically viable. Rebalancing may also adversely affect an Underlying Fund’s performance and thus the Fund’s performance. The impact of rebalancing is likely to be greater when a Fund purchases, redeems or invests in a substantial portion of an Underlying Fund.
The subadviser will seek to cooperate with the subadvisers of the Underlying Funds to minimize any adverse impact on the Underlying Funds. The subadvisers of the Underlying Funds may take such actions as they deem appropriate to minimize such adverse impact, considering the potential benefits of such investments to the Underlying Funds and consistent with their obligations to the Underlying Funds. Such actions may delay the rebalancing of the Fund’s investments in the event of significant market or other events that may require more rapid action.
Investment Style Risk. Under certain market conditions, growth investments have performed better during the later stages of economic expansion and value investments have performed better during periods of economic recovery. Therefore, these investment styles may over time go in and out of favor. At times when an investment style used by an Underlying Fund is out of favor, the Fund may underperform other funds that use different investment styles.
Index Tracking Risk. While certain Underlying Funds generally seek to track the performance of an index as closely as possible (i.e., achieve a high degree of correlation with an index), the return may not match or achieve a high degree of correlation with the return of the index due to operating expenses, transaction costs, cash flows, regulatory requirements and operational inefficiencies. If an index fund is properly correlated to its stated index, the fund will perform poorly when the index performs poorly.
Infrastructure Companies Risk. Securities of infrastructure companies are more susceptible to adverse economic, social, political and regulatory occurrences than securities of companies in other industries. Infrastructure companies may be subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high leverage, costs associated with environmental and other
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regulations, the level of government spending on infrastructure projects, the effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, technological changes, casualty losses, insufficient supply of necessary resources, increased competition from other providers of similar services, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies and other factors. Certain infrastructure companies may operate in limited areas or have few sources of revenue.
Infrastructure companies may also be affected by or subject to:
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regulation by various government authorities, including regulation of rates charged to customers;
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service interruption due to environmental, operational or other mishaps as well as political and social unrest;
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the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws and accounting standards; and
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general changes in market sentiment towards the assets of infrastructure companies.
Liquidity Risk. An Underlying Fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at a desired price. This risk could affect both stock and bond funds in which the fund invests, but typically represents a greater risk for bond funds. Reduced liquidity in the bond markets can result from a number of events, such as limited trading activity, reductions in bond inventory, and rapid or unexpected changes in interest rates. Less liquid markets could lead to greater price volatility and limit an Underlying Fund’s ability to sell a holding at a suitable price.
Management Risk. Actively managed funds are subject to management risk. The subadviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but the subadviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry or sector or about market movements may be incorrect. Additionally, the investments selected for the Fund may underperform the markets in general, the Fund’s benchmark and other funds with similar investment objectives.
Market Capitalization Risk. Certain Underlying Funds may invest in stocks of small- and medium-size companies which may present above-average risks. These companies usually offer a smaller range of products and services than larger companies. They may also have limited financial resources and may lack management depth. As a result, the prices of stocks issued by small- and medium-size companies tend to fluctuate more than the stocks of larger, more established companies. In exchange for potentially lower risks of investing in large capitalization companies, such investments may not rise as much in value as the value of investments in smaller-capitalized companies.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risks. Market disruption can be caused by economic, financial or political events and factors, including but not limited to, international wars or conflicts (including Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war), geopolitical developments (including trading and tariff arrangements, sanctions and cybersecurity attacks), instability in regions such as Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, terrorism, natural disasters and public health epidemics (including the outbreak of COVID-19 globally).
The extent and duration of such events and resulting market disruptions cannot be predicted, but could be substantial and could magnify the impact of other risks to the Fund. These and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets and lead to increased market volatility, reduced liquidity in the securities markets, significant negative impacts on issuers and the markets for certain securities and commodities and/or government intervention. They may also cause short- or long-term economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted. Further, due to closures of certain markets and restrictions on trading certain securities, the value of certain securities held by the Fund could be significantly impacted, which could lead to such securities being valued at zero.
Market Risk. Securities markets may be volatile and the market prices of an Underlying Fund’s securities may decline. Securities fluctuate in price based on changes in an issuer’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. If the market prices of the securities owned by an Underlying Fund fall, the value of the Fund’s investment in the Underlying Fund will decline.
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Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities Risk. Mortgage-backed securities are particularly susceptible to prepayment and extension risks, because prepayments on the underlying mortgages tend to increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Prepayments may also occur on a scheduled basis or due to foreclosure. When market interest rates increase, mortgage refinancings and prepayments slow, which lengthens the effective duration of these securities. As a result, the negative effect of the interest rate increase on the market value of mortgage-backed securities is usually more pronounced than it is for other types of fixed income securities, potentially increasing the volatility of the Fund.
Conversely, when market interest rates decline, while the value of mortgage-backed securities may increase, the rates of prepayment of the underlying mortgages tend to increase, which shortens the effective duration of these securities. Mortgage-backed securities are also subject to the risk that underlying borrowers will be unable to meet their obligations.
At times, some of the mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value. Prepayments may cause losses on securities purchased at a premium.
The value of mortgage-backed securities may be affected by changes in credit quality or value of the mortgage loans or other assets that support the securities. In addition, for mortgage-backed securities, when market conditions result in an increase in the default rates on the underlying mortgages and the foreclosure values of the underlying real estate are below the outstanding amount of the underlying mortgages, collection of the full amount of accrued interest and principal on these investments may be doubtful. For mortgage derivatives and structured securities that have embedded leverage features, small changes in interest or prepayment rates may cause large and sudden price movements. Mortgage derivatives can also become illiquid and hard to value in declining markets.
Asset-backed securities are structured like mortgage-backed securities and are subject to many of the same risks, including prepayment risk, extension risk, credit risk and interest rate risk. The ability of an issuer of asset-backed securities to enforce its security interest in the underlying assets or to otherwise recover from the underlying obligor may be limited. Certain asset-backed securities present a heightened level of risk because, in the event of default, the liquidation value of the underlying assets may be inadequate to pay any unpaid principal or interest.
Real Estate Related Securities Risk. The Fund’s investment in certain Underlying Funds will expose the Fund to the performance of the real estate markets. The value of real estate securities in general, and real estate investment trusts (REITs) in particular, is subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate and mortgages, and their value will depend on the value of the underlying properties or the underlying loans or interests. The underlying loans may be subject to the risks of default or of prepayments that occur earlier or later than expected, and such loans may also include so-called “subprime” mortgages. The value of these securities will rise and fall in response to many factors, including economic conditions, the demand for rental property, interest rates and, with respect to REITs, the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. In particular, the value of these securities may decline when interest rates rise and will also be affected by the real estate market and by the management of the underlying properties. REITs may be more volatile and/or more illiquid than other types of equity securities. The Fund will indirectly bear a portion of the expenses, including management fees, paid by each REIT in which it invests, in addition to the expenses of the Fund.
Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) Risk. The value of TIPS generally fluctuates in response to inflationary concerns. As inflationary expectations increase, TIPS will become more attractive, because they protect future interest payments against inflation. Conversely, as inflationary concerns decrease, TIPS will become less attractive and less valuable. Although the principal value of TIPS declines in periods of deflation, holders at maturity receive no less than the par value of the bond. However, if an Underlying Fund purchases TIPS in the secondary market, where principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, it may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. If inflation is lower than expected during the period an Underlying Fund holds TIPS, the Underlying Fund may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
U.S. Government and Agency Securities Risk. U.S. Government and agency securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Not all U.S. Government securities are insured or guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government; some are only insured or guaranteed by the issuing agency, which must rely on its own resources to repay the debt. Some agency securities carry no guarantee whatsoever and the risk of default associated with these securities would be borne by the Fund. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. Government securities held by the Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to any such issuers if it is not obligated to do so by law. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. In addition, the value of U.S. Government securities may be affected by changes in the credit rating of the U.S. Government.
Please note that, in addition to the risks discussed above, there are many other factors that may impact the Funds' ability to achieve its investment objective and which could result in a loss of all or a part of your investment.
More information about the Funds' investment strategies and risks appears in the SAI.
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HOW THE FUNDS ARE MANAGED
BOARD OF Trustees
The Funds are overseen by a Board of Trustees (hereafter referred to as “Trustees”, or the “Board”). The Board oversees the actions of the manager, subadviser and distributor and decides on general policies. The Board also oversees the Funds' officers, who conduct and supervise the daily business operations of the Funds.
MANAGER
PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”)
655 Broad Street
Newark, NJ 07102-4410
655 Broad Street
Newark, NJ 07102-4410
Under a management agreement with Prudential Investment Portfolios 12 (the “Trust”) on behalf of each Fund, PGIM Investments manages each Fund’s investment operations and administers its business affairs and is responsible for supervising the Funds’ subadviser. Each Fund does not pay PGIM Investments a management fee.
PGIM Investments and its predecessors have served as a manager or administrator to investment companies since 1987. As of February 29, 2024, PGIM Investments, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential, served as the investment manager to all of the Prudential US and offshore open-end investment companies, and as the manager or administrator to closed-end investment companies, with aggregate assets of approximately $302.2 billion.
Subject to the supervision of the Board, PGIM Investments is responsible for conducting the initial review of prospective subadvisers for the Funds. In evaluating a prospective subadviser, PGIM Investments considers many factors, including the firm's experience, investment philosophy and historical performance. Subject to the Board’s oversight, PGIM Investments is also responsible for monitoring the performance of each Fund's subadviser and recommending its termination and replacement when deemed appropriate. PGIM Investments may provide a subadviser with additional investment guidelines consistent with each Fund's investment objective and restrictions.
PGIM Investments and the Funds operate under an exemptive order (the “Order”) from the SEC that generally permits PGIM Investments to enter into or amend agreements with unaffiliated subadvisers and certain subadvisers that are affiliates of PGIM Investments without obtaining shareholder approval. This authority is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that the Board must approve any new or amended agreements with a subadviser. Shareholders of each Fund still have the right to terminate these agreements at any time by a vote of the majority of outstanding shares of each Fund. Each Fund will notify shareholders of any new subadvisers engaged or material amendments to subadvisory agreements made pursuant to the Order. Any new subadvisory agreement or amendment to each Fund’s management agreement or current subadvisory agreement that directly or indirectly results in an increase in the aggregate management fee rate payable by each Fund will be submitted to the Funds’ shareholders for their approval. PGIM Investments does not currently intend to retain unaffiliated subadvisers.
A discussion of the basis for the Board's approvals of the management and subadvisory agreements will be available in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Report to shareholders dated September 30.
On the Funds’ launch date, a Prudential affiliate made a seed money investment in each Fund that the affiliate may decide to redeem once third-party assets invested in each Fund reach a level whereby in the judgment of the manager, portfolio management of each Fund would not be negatively impacted by the redemption.
SUBADVISER
PGIM DC Solutions LLC (“PGIM DC Solutions”), is an SEC-registered investment adviser, a Delaware limited liability company, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of PGIM, Inc. (“PGIM”), the principal asset management business of Prudential Financial, Inc. PGIM DC Solutions is the retirement solutions provider of PGIM and aims to provide innovative defined contribution solutions founded on market leading research and investment capabilities. As of December 31, 2023, PGIM DC Solutions managed approximately $1.3 billion in assets. The firm’s primary address is 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
PGIM DC Solutions typically follows a team approach in the management of its portfolios. The members of the PGIM DC Solutions team that are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are listed below.
David Blanchett, PhD, CFA, CFP®, is a Managing Director, Portfolio Manager and Head of Retirement Research for PGIM DC Solutions. In this role, he develops research and innovative solutions to help improve retirement outcomes for investors. He is also responsible for portfolio management across all PGIM RetireWellTM solutions, including the PGIM Target Date funds and PGIM Retirement Spending Funds. Prior to joining PGIM DC Solutions, David was the Head of Retirement Research for Morningstar Investment Management LLC. He is currently an adjunct professor of wealth management at The American College of Financial Services and was formerly a member of the executive committee for the Defined Contribution Institutional Investment Association (DCIIA) and the ERISA Advisory Council (2018-2020). David earned a BS in finance and economics from the University of Kentucky, an MS in financial services from The American College of Financial Services, an MBA from The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and a PhD in personal financial planning from Texas Tech University.
Jeremy Stempien is a Managing Director, Portfolio Manager and Strategist for PGIM DC Solutions. In this capacity, he is responsible for portfolio management across all PGIM RetireWellTM solutions, including the PGIM Target Date funds and PGIM Retirement Spending Funds. Prior to joining PGIM, Jeremy was a Director of Investments at Morningstar Investment Management. There, he developed asset allocation programs for plan providers, plan sponsors and money management companies, working with clients to create and manage custom target date glidepaths, select appropriate asset classes and construct model portfolios. Previously, he worked as a Defined Contribution Manager at Hewitt Associates. Jeremy earned a BA in finance from Saint Louis University and an MBA in investments from the University of Notre Dame.
Joel M. Kallman, CFA, is a Vice President and Portfolio Manager for PGIM DC Solutions. In this capacity, he is responsible for portfolio management and investment strategy. Prior to joining PGIM Quantitative Solutions, Joel held various positions for PGIM Fixed Income that involved high-yield credit analysis and performance reporting. He earned a BS and MBA in finance from Rutgers University. Joel is a member of the CFA Society New York.
Additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts managed, and portfolio manager ownership of Fund securities may be found in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTOR
Prudential Investment Management Services LLC (“PIMS” or the “Distributor”) distributes each Fund's shares under a Distribution Agreement with the Funds. Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor pays the expenses of distributing the shares of the Funds.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
Each Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities are described in the Funds' SAI and on the Funds' website at www.pgim.com/investments.
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36
FUND DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX ISSUES
DISTRIBUTIONS
The Funds distribute dividends to shareholders out of any net investment income. For example, if the Funds own ACME Corp. stock and the stock pays a dividend, the Funds will pay out a portion of this dividend to its shareholders, assuming the Funds’ income is more than its costs and expenses. The dividends you receive from the Funds will be subject to taxation whether or not they are reinvested in the Funds.
The Funds also distribute any net realized capital gains to shareholders. Capital gains are generated when the Funds sell its assets for a profit. For example, if the Funds bought 100 shares of ACME Corp. stock for a total of $1,000 and more than one year later sold the shares for a total of $1,500, the Funds have net long-term capital gains of $500, which it will pass on to shareholders (assuming the Funds’ remaining total gains are greater than any losses it may have).
For your convenience, the Funds’ distributions of dividends and net capital gains are automatically reinvested in the Funds without any sales charge. If you ask us to pay the distributions in cash, we will send you a check if your account is with Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC (“PMFS” or the “Transfer Agent”). Otherwise, if your account is with a broker, you will receive a credit to your account. Either way, the distributions may be subject to income taxes unless your shares are held in a qualified or tax-deferred plan or account. If your Funds distribution check(s) remains uncashed for more than six months, your check(s) may be invested in additional shares of the Funds at the next net asset value (“NAV”) calculated on the day of the investment. For more information about automatic reinvestment and other shareholder services, see “Additional Shareholder Services” in the next section.
The chart below sets forth the expected frequency of dividend and capital gains distributions to shareholders. Various factors may impact the frequency of dividend distributions to shareholders, including but not limited to adverse market conditions or portfolio holding-specific events.
|
Expected Distribution Schedule* |
|
|
Net Investment Income |
Monthly |
|
Short-Term Capital Gains |
Annually |
|
Long-Term Capital Gains |
Annually |
*Under certain circumstances, the Fund may make more than one distribution of short-term and/or long-term capital gains during a fiscal year.
TAX ISSUES
Investors who buy Fund shares should be aware of some important tax issues. For example, the Fund distributes dividends of net investment income and realized net capital gains, if any, to shareholders. Fund distributions and gain from the sale of Fund shares are subject to federal income taxes, unless you hold your shares in a 401(k) plan, an Individual Retirement Account (“IRA”) or some other qualified or tax-deferred plan or account. Dividends and distributions from the Fund also may be subject to state and local income tax in the state where you live.
The following briefly discusses some of the important income tax issues you should be aware of, but is not meant to be tax advice. For tax advice, please speak with your tax adviser.
Fund Distributions
Fund distributions of net capital gains are taxed differently depending on how long the Fund holds the security. If the Fund holds a security for more than one year before selling it, any gain is treated as long-term capital gain which is generally taxed at rates of up to 15% or 20% for non-corporate U.S. shareholders, depending on whether their incomes exceed certain threshold amounts, which are adjusted annually for inflation. If the Fund holds the security for one year or less, any gain is treated as short-term capital gain, which is taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, subject to a maximum tax rate of 37%. Different rates apply to corporate shareholders.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Dividends from net investment income paid to a non-corporate U.S. shareholder that are reported as qualified dividend income will generally be taxable to such shareholder at the long-term capital gain tax rate. Dividends of net investment income that are not reported as qualified dividend income will be taxable to shareholders at ordinary income rates. Also, a portion of the dividends paid to corporate shareholders of the Fund will be eligible for the dividends received deduction to the extent the Fund’s income is derived from certain dividends received from U.S. corporations. Between 2018 and 2025, the Fund may report dividends eligible for a 20% “qualified business income” deduction for non-corporate U.S. shareholders to the extent the Fund’s income is derived from ordinary REIT dividends, reduced by allocable Fund expenses.
A U.S. shareholder that is an individual, estate or certain type of trust is subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. shareholder’s “net investment income,” including Fund distributions and net gains from the disposition of Fund shares, and (2) the excess of the U.S. shareholder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over $200,000 (or $250,000 for married couples filing jointly). For this purpose, net investment income includes interest, dividends, annuities, royalties, capital gain and income from a passive activity business or a business of trading in financial instruments or commodities.
Form 1099
For every year a Fund declares a dividend, you will receive a Form 1099, which reports the amount of ordinary income distributions and long-term capital gains we distributed to you during the prior year unless you own shares of the Fund as part of a qualified or tax-deferred plan or account. If you do own shares of the Fund as part of a qualified or tax-deferred plan or account, your taxes are deferred, so you will not receive a Form 1099 annually, but instead you will receive a Form 1099 when you take any distribution from your qualified or tax-deferred plan or account.
Fund distributions are generally taxable to you in the calendar year in which they are received, except when we declare certain dividends and distributions in the fourth quarter, with a record date in such quarter, and actually pay them in January of the following year. In such cases, the dividends and distributions are treated as if they were paid on December 31st of the prior year.
Cost Basis Reporting
Mutual funds must report cost basis information to you and the IRS when you sell or exchange shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 in your non-retirement accounts. The cost basis regulations do not affect retirement accounts, money market funds, and shares acquired before January 1, 2012. The cost basis regulations also require mutual funds to report whether a gain or loss is short-term (shares held one year or less) or long-term (shares held more than one year) for all shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 that are subsequently sold or exchanged. The Transfer Agent is not required to report cost basis information on shares acquired before January 1, 2012. However, in most cases the Transfer Agent will provide this information to you as a service.
Withholding Taxes
If federal tax law requires you to provide the Fund with your taxpayer identification number and certifications as to your tax status and you fail to do this, or if you are otherwise subject to backup withholding, we will withhold and pay to the U.S. Treasury a portion of your distributions and sale proceeds, based on the backup withholding rate.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
For a discussion regarding the taxation of non-U.S. shareholders, please see the SAI and contact your tax adviser.
If You Purchase on or Before a Record Date
If you buy shares of a Fund on or before the record date for a distribution (the date that determines who receives the distribution), we will pay that distribution to you. As explained above, the distribution may be subject to taxes. You may think you've done well since you bought shares one day and soon thereafter received a distribution. That is not so, because when dividends are paid out, the value of each share of the Fund decreases by the amount of the dividend to reflect the payout, although this may not be apparent because the value of each share of the Fund also will be affected by market changes, if any. However, the timing of your purchase does mean that part of your investment may have come back to you as taxable income.
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Qualified and Tax-Deferred Retirement Plans
Retirement plans and accounts allow you to defer paying taxes on investment income and capital gains. Contributions to these plans may also be tax-deductible, although distributions from these plans generally are taxable. In the case of Roth IRA accounts, contributions are not tax-deductible, but distributions from the plan may be tax-free. Please contact your financial adviser for information on a variety of PGIM Funds that are suitable for retirement plans offered by Prudential.
IF YOU SELL OR EXCHANGE YOUR SHARES
If you sell any shares of a Fund for a profit, you have realized a capital gain, which is subject to tax unless the shares are held in a qualified or tax-deferred plan or account. As mentioned above, the maximum capital gains tax rate is up to 15% or 20% for individuals, depending on whether their incomes exceed certain threshold amounts, which are adjusted annually for inflation.
If you sell shares of a Fund at a loss, you may have a capital loss, which you may use to offset capital gains you have, plus, in the case of non-corporate taxpayers, ordinary income of up to $3,000. If you sell shares and realize a loss, you will not be permitted to use the loss to the extent you replace the shares (including pursuant to the reinvestment of a dividend) within a 61-day period (beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of the shares). Under certain circumstances, if you acquire shares of the Fund and sell or exchange your shares within 90 days, you may not be allowed to include certain charges incurred in acquiring the shares for purposes of calculating gain or loss realized upon the sale or exchange of the shares.
If you exchange your Fund shares for shares of another class of the Fund, this is generally not a taxable event and should not result in realization of a capital gain or loss by you. If you exchange your shares of the Fund for shares of another PGIM Fund, this is considered a sale for tax purposes. In other words, it's a taxable event. Therefore, if the shares you exchanged have increased in value since you purchased them, you have capital gains, which are subject to the taxes described above. Unless you hold your shares in a qualified or tax-deferred plan or account, you or your financial adviser should keep track of the dates on which you buy and sell—or exchange—Fund shares, as well as the amount of any gain or loss on each transaction. For tax advice, please see your tax adviser.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
HOW TO BUY, SELL AND EXCHANGE FUND SHARES
HOW TO BUY SHARES
In order to buy Fund shares, simply follow the steps described below.
Opening an Account
Shares may be purchased through an account with the Transfer Agent, or through an account with a financial intermediary that has an agreement with the Distributor to sell Fund shares. In order to open an account with the Transfer Agent contact PMFS at (800) 225-1852 or write to:
Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC (“PMFS”)
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
PMFS will accept purchases of shares by check or wire. We do not accept cash, money orders, non-U.S. checks, credit card checks, payable through checks or travelers checks. To purchase by wire, call the number above to obtain an application. After PMFS receives your completed application, you will receive an account number. For additional information, see the back cover page of this Prospectus. Your purchase order must be in good order to be accepted and processed, which means that all necessary processing requirements have been satisfied. We have the right to reject any purchase order (including an exchange into a Fund) or suspend or modify a Fund's sales of its shares under certain circumstances. These circumstances include, but are not limited to, failure by you to provide additional information requested, such as information required to verify the source of funds used to purchase shares, your identity or the identity of any underlying beneficial owners of your shares. Furthermore, we are required by law to close your account if you do not provide the required identifying information. This would result in the redemption of shares at the then-current NAV and the proceeds would be remitted to you via check. We will attempt to verify your identity within a reasonable time frame (e.g., 60 days), which may change from time to time. For further information, please contact PMFS (for shares purchased through the Transfer Agent) or your financial professional (for shares purchased through a financial intermediary).
With certain limited exceptions, Fund shares are only available to be sold in the United States, U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and Guam.
Each Fund has authorized certain intermediaries to accept orders to sell and redeem shares on its behalf. When authorized intermediaries receive an order in proper form, the order is considered as being placed with the Fund, and shares will be sold or redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the order is received by the authorized intermediary. Orders by funds of funds for which PGIM Investments serves as investment manager and which have adopted policies for allocation of orders in advance of receipt will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that the corresponding orders are received in proper form by the funds of funds.
Choosing a Share Class
Each Fund offers Class R6 shares.
Class R6 shares are available for purchase by certain group retirement plans, institutional investors, and certain other eligible investors but are generally not available for purchase by individuals.
Features of Class R6 Shares. The following chart outlines the features and qualification requirements of Class R6 shares.
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Minimum purchase amount |
None |
|
Minimum amount for
subsequent purchases |
None |
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40
|
|
Class R6 |
|
Maximum initial sales charge |
None |
|
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) (as a percentage of the lower of the original purchase price or the net
asset value at redemption) |
None |
|
Annual distribution (12b-1) fees (shown as a percentage of average daily net assets) |
None |
|
Shareholder service fees |
None |
Class R6 shares are offered to eligible investors as described in this Prospectus. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates shall make or pay fees associated with or similar to sub-accounting, networking, revenue sharing, or certain administrative fees with respect to Class R6 shares.
Qualifying for Class R6 Shares
Group Retirement Plans. Group retirement plans (including defined contribution plans, defined benefit plans and deferred compensation plans) available through a retirement plan recordkeeper or third party administrator may purchase Class R6 shares. Investors in group retirement plans should contact their financial intermediary with any questions regarding availability of Class R6 shares.
Institutional Investors. Various institutional investors may purchase Class R6 shares, including, but not limited to, corporations, governmental entities, municipalities, hospitals, insurance companies and IRS Section 501 entities, such as foundations and endowments and other institutional investors. Institutional investors are responsible for indicating their eligibility to purchase Class R6 shares at the time of purchase.
Other Types of Investors. Class R6 shares may also be purchased by Prudential, certain programs or accounts sponsored by Prudential, and PGIM Funds, including PGIM funds-of-funds.
Class R6 shares may only be purchased from financial intermediaries who offer such shares.
Class R6 shares are offered to eligible investors as described in this Prospectus. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates shall make or pay fees associated with or similar to sub-accounting, networking, revenue sharing, or certain administrative fees with respect to Class R6 shares.
How Financial Intermediaries are Compensated for Selling Fund Shares
The PGIM Funds are distributed by Prudential Investment Management Services LLC (the “Distributor”), a broker-dealer that is licensed to sell securities. The Distributor generally does not sell shares of the PGIM Funds directly to the public, but instead markets and sells the PGIM Funds through other broker-dealers, 401(k) providers, retirement plan administrators, and other financial intermediaries. Each PGIM Fund is managed by the Manager.
Only persons licensed with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), as a registered representative (often referred to as a broker or financial adviser) and associated with a specific financial services firm may sell shares of a mutual fund to you, or to a retirement plan in which you participate.
Rule 12b-1 Fees. Class R6 shares of the Fund do not pay Rule 12b-1 fees.
Other Payments Received by Financial Intermediaries
Administrative, Sub-Accounting and Networking Fees. The Fund reimburses the Distributor for National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) fees that are invoiced to the Distributor as the party to the Agreement with NSCC for the administrative services provided by NSCC to the Fund and its shareholders. These administrative services provided by NSCC to the Fund and its shareholders include transaction processing and settlement through Fund/SERV, electronic networking services to support the transmission of shareholder purchase and redemption orders to and from financial intermediaries, and related recordkeeping provided by NSCC to the Fund and its shareholders. These payments are generally based on a transaction fee rate for certain administrative services plus a fee for other administrative services.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Anti-Money Laundering
In accordance with federal law, the Funds have adopted policies designed to deter money laundering. Under the policies, the Funds will not knowingly engage in financial transactions that involve proceeds from unlawful activity or support terrorist activities, and shall file government reports, including those concerning suspicious activities, as required by applicable law. The Funds will seek to confirm the identity of potential shareholders to include both individuals and entities through documentary and non-documentary methods. Non-documentary methods may include verification of name, address, date of birth and tax identification number with selected credit bureaus. The Funds' Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer oversees the Funds' anti-money laundering policies.
Understanding the Price You'll Pay
The price you pay for each share of the Fund is based on the share value. The share value of a mutual fund—known as the net asset value or NAV—is determined by a simple calculation: it's the total value of the Fund (assets minus liabilities) divided by the total number of shares outstanding. For example, if the value of the investments held by Fund XYZ (minus its liabilities) is $1,000 and there are 100 shares of Fund XYZ owned by shareholders, the value of one share of the Fund—or the NAV—is $10 ($1,000 divided by 100).
Mutual Fund Shares
The NAV of mutual fund shares changes every day because the value of a fund's portfolio changes constantly. For example, if Fund XYZ holds ACME Corp. bonds in its portfolio and the price of ACME bonds goes up, while the value of the Fund's other holdings remains the same and expenses don't change, the NAV of Fund XYZ will increase.
The Fund's NAV will be determined every day on which the Fund is open as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (generally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time). The Fund's portfolio securities are valued based upon market quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Manager, as the Board's valuation designee. In this capacity, the Manager has adopted pricing methodologies for determining the fair value of certain types of securities and other assets held by the Fund that do not have quoted market prices, including the use of other pricing sources, such as bid prices supplied by a principal market maker and evaluated prices supplied by pricing vendors that employ analytic methodologies that take into account the prices of similar securities and other market factors.
If the Fund determines that a market quotation for a security is not reliable based on, among other things, events or market conditions that occur with respect to one or more securities held by the Fund or the market as a whole, after the quotation is derived or after the closing of the primary market on which the security is traded, but before the time that the Fund's NAV is determined, the Fund may use “fair value pricing,” which is implemented by a valuation committee (“Valuation Committee”) consisting of representatives of the Manager. The subadviser often provides relevant information for the Valuation Committee meeting. Non-U.S. securities markets are open for trading on weekends and other days when the Fund does not price shares. Therefore, the value of the Fund’s shares may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or redeem the Fund’s shares.
With respect to the Fund's assets in Underlying Funds, the Fund's NAV will be calculated based upon the NAV of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests, which will reflect the Underlying Funds’ fair valuation procedures.
Visit our website at www.pgim.com/investments
42
Different valuation methods may result in differing values for the same security. The fair value of a portfolio security that the Fund uses to determine its NAV may differ from the security's quoted or published price. If the Fund needs to implement fair value pricing after the NAV publishing deadline but before shares of the Fund are processed, the NAV you receive or pay may differ from the published NAV price. The prospectuses of the Underlying Funds will explain each fund’s procedures and policies with respect to the use of fair value pricing.
Fair value pricing procedures are designed to result in prices for the Fund's securities and its NAV that are reasonable in light of the circumstances which make or have made market quotations unavailable or unreliable, and may have the effect of reducing arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders. There is no assurance, however, that fair value pricing will accurately reflect the market value of a security or that it will prevent dilution of the Fund's NAV by short-term traders.
What Price Will You Pay for Shares of the Fund? You will pay the NAV next determined after we receive your order to purchase. Your broker may charge you a separate or additional fee for purchases of shares. Unless regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, or later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, your order to purchase must be received by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time in order to receive that day's NAV. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day's NAV if your order to purchase is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The Fund will not treat an intraday unscheduled disruption in NYSE trading as a closure of the NYSE and will price its shares as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, if the particular disruption directly affects only the NYSE. We deem an order received when it is received by the Transfer Agent at its processing center. If you submit your order through a broker or other financial intermediary, it may be deemed received when received by the broker or financial intermediary.
Each business day, the Fund’s current NAV per share is made available at www.pgim.com/investments(from the drop down menu click on Products, Mutual Funds, Performance and then click on Prices).
Additional Shareholder Services
As a Fund shareholder, you can take advantage of the following services and privileges:
Reports to Shareholders. Every year we will send you an updated summary prospectus. We will also send or make available to you pursuant to Rule 30e-3 under the 1940 Act, an annual report and a semi-annual report, which contain important financial information about the Fund. To reduce Fund expenses, we may send or make available one annual shareholder report, one semi-annual shareholder report and one summary prospectus per household, unless you instruct us or your financial intermediary otherwise. If each Fund shareholder in your household would like to receive a copy of the Fund’s summary prospectus and shareholder reports, please call us toll free at (800) 225-1852. We will begin sending additional copies of these documents within 30 days of receipt of your request.
HOW TO SELL YOUR SHARES
You can sell each Fund’s shares for cash at any time, subject to certain restrictions. For more information about these restrictions, see “Restrictions on Sales” below.
When you sell shares of a Fund—also known as redeeming your shares—the price you will receive will be the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent or your financial intermediary receives your order to sell.
Shares Held by Financial Intermediaries. If your financial intermediary holds your shares, your financial intermediary must receive your order to sell no later than the time regular trading on the NYSE closes—which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time—to process the sale on that day. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day’s NAV if your order to sell is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
43
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Shares Held by the Transfer Agent. If the Transfer Agent holds your shares, PMFS must receive your order to sell no later than the time regular trading on the NYSE closes—which is usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time—to process the sale on that day. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day’s NAV if your order to sell is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. You may contact the Transfer Agent at:
Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
Payment for Shares You Have Sold
Shares Held by Financial Intermediaries. Typically, if your order to sell shares is received in good order, payment will be credited to your account within 1 to 3 business days after the order is received, but in any event within seven days. Your broker may charge you a separate or additional fee for sales of shares.
Shares Held by the Transfer Agent. Typically, if your order to sell shares is received in good order, we will send payment on the next business day, but in any event within seven days, regardless of the method of payment (e.g., payment by check, wire or electronic transfer (“ACH”)).
Restrictions on Sales
If you are selling shares you recently purchased with a check, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check clears, which can take up to seven days from the purchase date.
As a result of restrictions on withdrawals and transfers imposed by Section 403(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, we may consider a redemption request to not be in good order until we obtain information from your employer that is reasonably necessary to ensure that the payment is in compliance with such restrictions, if applicable. In such an event, the redemption request will not be in good order and we will not process it until we obtain information from your employer.
In addition, there are certain times when you may not be able to sell shares of each Fund or when we may delay paying you the proceeds from a sale. As permitted by the SEC, the former may happen only during unusual market conditions or emergencies when the respective Fund is unable to determine the value of its assets or sell its holdings. For more information, see the SAI.
If you hold your shares directly with the Transfer Agent, you will need to have the signature on your sell order Medallion signature guaranteed if:
■ You are selling more than $100,000 of shares;
■ You want the redemption proceeds made payable to someone that is not in the Transfer Agent’s records;
■ You want the redemption proceeds sent to an address that is not in the Transfer Agent’s records;
■ You are a business or a trust; or
■ You are redeeming due to the death of the shareholder or on behalf of the shareholder.
■ You want the redemption proceeds made payable to someone that is not in the Transfer Agent’s records;
■ You want the redemption proceeds sent to an address that is not in the Transfer Agent’s records;
■ You are a business or a trust; or
■ You are redeeming due to the death of the shareholder or on behalf of the shareholder.
The Medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from an authorized officer from a bank, broker, dealer, securities exchange or association, clearing agency, savings association, or credit union that is participating in one of the recognized Medallion guarantee programs (STAMP, SEMP, or NYSE MSP), but not from a notary public. The Medallion signature guarantee must be appropriate for the dollar amount of the transaction. The Transfer Agent reserves the right to reject sale transactions where the value of the transaction exceeds the value of the surety coverage indicated on the Medallion imprint. Each Fund may change the signature guarantee requirements from time to time without prior notice to shareholders. For more information, see the SAI.
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44
How the Funds Pay for Shares You Have Sold
Under normal market conditions, each Fund expects to pay for shares that you have sold primarily by using cash or cash equivalents in its portfolio or selling portfolio assets to generate cash. Supplementally, a Fund may also raise cash to pay for sold shares by short-term borrowing in the form of overdrafts permitted by the Funds’ custodian bank and/or by short-term borrowing from a group of banks through an unsecured credit facility, which is intended to provide the Funds with a temporary additional source of liquidity. In certain circumstances each Fund reserves the right to pay for sold shares by giving you securities from the respective Fund’s portfolio. If you receive securities, you would incur transaction costs in converting the securities to cash, and you may receive less for the securities than the price at which they were valued for redemption purposes.
During stressed market conditions, it may be impractical or impossible to raise sufficient cash to pay for sold shares through the primary methods described above. In these circumstances, a Fund would be more likely to rely more heavily on the credit facility as a source of liquidity, as described above.
Involuntary Redemption of Small Accounts Held by the Transfer Agent
If the value of your account with PMFS is less than $500 for any reason, we may sell your shares and close your account. We would do this to minimize the Fund’s expenses paid by other shareholders. The involuntary sale provisions do not apply to Automatic Investment Plan (AIP) accounts, employee savings plan accounts, payroll deduction plan accounts, retirement accounts (such as a 401(k) plan, an IRA or other qualified or tax-deferred plan or account), omnibus accounts, and accounts for which a broker or other financial intermediary is responsible for recordkeeping. Prior thereto, if you make a sale that reduces your account value to less than the threshold, we may sell the rest of your shares and close your account; this involuntary sale does not apply to shareholders who own their shares as part of a retirement account. For more information, see “Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Fund Shares—Involuntary Redemption” in the SAI.
Account Maintenance Fee for Accounts Held by the Transfer Agent
If the value of you Class Z account with PMFS is less than $10,000, with certain exclusions, a $15 annual account maintenance fee will be deducted from your account during the 4th calendar quarter of each year. Any applicable CDSC on the shares redeemed to pay the account maintenance fee will be waived. For more information, see “Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Fund Shares – Account Maintenance Fee” in the SAI.
Retirement Plans
To sell shares and receive a distribution from your retirement account, call your broker or the Transfer Agent for a distribution request form. There are special distribution and income tax withholding requirements for distributions from retirement plans and you must submit a withholding form with your request to avoid delay. If your retirement plan account is held for you by your employer or plan trustee, you must arrange for the distribution request to be signed and sent by the plan administrator or trustee. For additional information, see the SAI.
HOW TO EXCHANGE YOUR SHARES
You can generally exchange your shares of each Fund for shares of the same class in certain other PGIM Funds if you satisfy the minimum investment requirements. For example, you can exchange Class R6 shares of each Fund for Class R6 shares of other funds in the PGIM Funds mutual fund family, but you can’t exchange Class R6 shares for a different share class of another PGIM Fund. We may change the terms of any exchange privilege after giving you 60 days’ notice.
Exchanging Shares Held by a Financial Intermediary. If you hold shares through a financial intermediary, you must exchange shares through your financial intermediary.
45
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Exchanging Shares Held by the Transfer Agent. If you hold shares through the Transfer Agent, contact your financial advisor or PMFS at (800) 225-1852 or write to PMFS at:
Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432
Remember, as we explained in the section entitled “Fund Distributions and Tax Issues—If You Sell or Exchange Your Shares,” exchanging shares is considered a sale for tax purposes. Therefore, if the shares you exchange are worth more than the amount that you paid for them, you may have to pay capital gains tax. For additional information about exchanging shares, see the SAI.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares
Each Fund seeks to prevent patterns of frequent purchases and redemptions of its shares by its shareholders. Frequent purchases and sales of shares of a Fund may adversely affect Fund performance and the interests of long-term investors. When a shareholder engages in frequent or short-term trading, a Fund may have to sell portfolio securities to have the cash necessary to redeem the shareholder’s shares. This can happen when it is not advantageous to sell any securities, so such Fund’s performance may be hurt. When large dollar amounts are involved, frequent trading can also make it difficult to use long-term investment strategies because the Fund cannot predict how much cash it will have to invest. In addition, if a Fund is forced to liquidate investments due to short-term trading activity, it may incur increased brokerage and tax costs. Similarly, a Fund may bear increased administrative costs as a result of the asset level and investment volatility that accompanies patterns of short-term trading. Moreover, frequent or short-term trading by certain shareholders may cause dilution in the value of a Fund’s shares held by other shareholders of such Fund. Funds that invest in non-U.S. securities may be particularly susceptible to frequent trading because time zone differences among international stock markets can allow a shareholder engaging in frequent trading to exploit fund share prices that may be based on closing prices of non-U.S. securities established some time before the Fund calculates its own share price. Funds that invest in certain fixed income securities, such as high-yield bonds or certain asset-backed securities, may also constitute an effective vehicle for a shareholder’s frequent trading strategy.
Each Fund does not knowingly accommodate or permit frequent trading, and the Board has adopted policies and procedures designed to discourage or prevent frequent trading activities by each Fund’s shareholders. In an effort to prevent such practices, the Funds’ Transfer Agent monitors trading activity on a daily basis. Each Fund has implemented a trading policy that limits the number of times a shareholder may purchase Fund shares or exchange into such Fund and then sell those shares within a specified period of time (a “round-trip transaction”) as established by the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The CCO is authorized to set and modify the parameters of the trading policy at any time as required to prevent the adverse impact of frequent trading on Fund shareholders.
The CCO has defined frequent trading as one or more round-trip transactions in shares of a Fund within a 30-day period. If this occurs, the shareholder’s account will be subject to a 60-day warning period. If a second round-trip occurs before the conclusion of the 60-day warning period, a trading suspension will be placed on the account by the Funds’ Transfer Agent that will remain in effect for 90 days. The trading suspension will relate to purchases and exchange purchases (but not redemptions) in a Fund in which the frequent trading occurred. Exceptions to the trading policy will not normally be granted.
Transactions in the PGIM money market funds, exchange-traded funds and PGIM Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund are excluded from this trading policy. In addition, transactions by affiliated PGIM Funds or certain unaffiliated funds, which are structured as “funds-of-funds,” and invest primarily in other mutual funds within the PGIM Fund family, are not subject to the limitations of the trading policy and are not considered frequent or short-term trading.
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46
This trading policy does not apply to systematic purchases and redemptions (e.g., payroll purchases, systematic withdrawals and rebalancing transactions or other similar transactions not initiated by a shareholder or financial professional on the transaction date). Generally, purchases and redemptions will not be considered “systematic” unless the transaction is pre-established or scheduled for a specific date.
Each Fund reserves the right to reject or cancel, without prior notice, all additional purchases or exchanges into such Fund by a shareholder. Moreover, a Fund may direct a broker-dealer or other intermediary to block a shareholder account from future trading in such Fund. The Transfer Agent will monitor daily trading activity above a certain threshold, which may be changed from time to time, over a rolling 90-day period. If a purchase into a Fund is rejected or canceled, the shareholder will receive a return of the purchase amount.
If a Fund is offered to qualified plans on an omnibus basis or if Fund shares may be purchased through other omnibus arrangements, such as through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment adviser, or an administrator or trustee of a retirement plan (“Intermediaries”) that holds your shares in an account under its name, Intermediaries maintain the individual beneficial owner records and submit to such Fund only aggregate orders combining the transactions of many beneficial owners. Such a Fund itself generally cannot monitor trading by particular beneficial owners. Each Fund has notified Intermediaries in writing that it expects the Intermediaries to impose restrictions on transfers by beneficial owners. Intermediaries may impose different or stricter restrictions on transfers by beneficial owners.
The Transfer Agent also reviews aggregate omnibus net flows above a certain threshold. In cases where the activity is considered unusual, the Intermediary may be contacted by the Transfer Agent to obtain additional information. The Transfer Agent has the authority to cancel all or a portion of the trade if the information reveals that the activity relates to potential offenders. Where appropriate, the Transfer Agent may request that the Intermediary block a financial adviser or client from accessing a Fund. If necessary, a Fund may be removed from a particular Intermediary’s platform.
Shareholders seeking to engage in frequent trading activities may use a variety of strategies to avoid detection and, despite the efforts of each Fund to prevent such trading, there is no guarantee that the Funds, the Transfer Agent or Intermediaries will be able to identify these shareholders or curtail their trading practices. The Funds do not have any arrangements intended to permit trading of its shares in contravention of the policies described above.
Telephone Redemptions or Exchanges
You may redeem your shares of each Fund if the proceeds of the redemption do not exceed $250,000 or exchange your shares in any amount by calling the respective Fund at (800) 225-1852 and communicating your instructions in good order to a customer service representative before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. You will receive a redemption or exchange amount based on that day’s NAV. Certain restrictions apply; please see the section entitled “How to Sell Your Shares—Restrictions on Sales” above for additional information. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day’s NAV if your order to sell or exchange is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
The Transfer Agent will record your telephone instructions and request specific account information before redeeming or exchanging shares. The Funds will not be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions if it follows instructions that it reasonably believes are made by the shareholder. If a Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable.
In the event of drastic economic or market changes, you may have difficulty in redeeming or exchanging your shares by telephone. If this occurs, you should consider redeeming or exchanging your shares by mail or through your broker.
The telephone redemption and exchange procedures may be modified or terminated at any time. If this occurs, you will receive a written notice from your Fund.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
Expedited Redemption Privilege
If you have selected the Expedited Redemption Privilege, you may have your redemption proceeds sent directly to your bank account. Expedited redemption requests may be made by telephone or letter, must be received by the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time to receive a redemption amount based on that day’s NAV and are subject to the terms and conditions regarding the redemption of shares. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day’s NAV if your order to sell is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. For more information, see the SAI. The Expedited Redemption Privilege may be modified or terminated at any time without notice.
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48
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
No financial information is available for the Funds as of the date of this Prospectus, as each Fund is new and has no prior financial information.
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PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
|
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Please read this Prospectus before you invest in the Fund and keep it for future reference.
For information or shareholder questions contact: | |
|
■MAIL
Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC
P.O. Box 534432
Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432 ■WEBSITE
www.pgim.com/investments |
■TELEPHONE
(800) 225-1852
(973) 367-3529
(from outside the U.S.) |
|
■E-DELIVERY
To receive your mutual fund documents on-line, go to pgim.com/investments/resource/edelivery and enroll.
Instead of receiving printed documents by mail, you will receive notification via email when new materials are
available. You can cancel your enrollment or change your email address at any time by visiting the website address
above. |
|
The Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the SAI contain additional information about the Fund. Shareholders may
obtain free copies of the SAI, Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report as well as other information about the Fund
and may make other shareholder inquiries through the telephone number, address and website listed above. | |
|
■STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
(incorporated by reference into this Prospectus) ■SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT |
■ANNUAL REPORT
(contains a discussion of the market conditions and
investment strategies that significantly affected the
Fund's performance during the last fiscal year) |
|
You can also obtain copies of Fund documents, including the SAI, from the SEC as follows (the SEC charges a fee to
copy documents): | |
|
■ELECTRONIC REQUEST
|
■VIA THE INTERNET
on the EDGAR Database at www.sec.gov |
|
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund | |
|
Share Class |
R6 |
|
NASDAQ |
PGFCX |
|
CUSIP |
744336520 |
|
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund | |
|
Share Class |
R6 |
|
NASDAQ |
PGFMX |
|
CUSIP |
744336512 |
|
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund | |
|
Share Class |
R6 |
|
NASDAQ |
PGFEX |
|
CUSIP |
744336496 |
MF254STAT The Funds' Investment Company Act File No. 811-08565
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | April 3, 2024
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) of the PGIM Retirement Spending Funds (the “Funds”), each a series of Prudential Investment Portfolios 12 (“PIP 12”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Funds dated April 3, 2024, as supplemented and amended from time to time. The Funds are listed on the front cover of this SAI. The Prospectus can be obtained, without charge, by calling (800) 225-1852 or by writing to Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC, P.O. Box 534432, Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432. This SAI has been incorporated by reference into the Funds’ Prospectus.
In addition to the Funds, PIP 12 has the following other series: PGIM Global Real Estate Fund, PGIM Jennison Technology Fund, PGIM US Real Estate Fund, PGIM Short Duration Muni Fund, PGIM Jennison NextGeneration Opportunities Global Fund and PGIM Jennison International Small-Mid Cap Opportunities Fund, each of which are offered pursuant to separate prospectuses and separate SAIs.
The Funds are new and therefore no audited financial statements or other financial information are available.
|
PGIM CONSERVATIVE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFCX |
|
PGIM MODERATE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFMX |
|
PGIM ENHANCED RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND |
|
R6: PGFEX |
To enroll in e-delivery, go to pgim.com/investments/resource/edelivery
MF254B
PART I
INTRODUCTION
This SAI provides information about certain of the securities, instruments, policies and strategies that are used by the Funds in seeking to achieve their objectives. It also provides additional information about the Board of Trustees of PIP 12 (hereafter referred to as “Board Members”), the advisory services provided to and the management fees paid by the Funds and information about other fees paid by and services provided to the Funds.
Before reading the SAI, you should consult the Glossary below, which defines certain of the terms used in the SAI:
GLOSSARY
|
Term |
Definition |
|
1933 Act |
Securities Act of 1933, as amended |
|
1934 Act |
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended |
|
1940 Act |
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended |
|
1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions |
1940 Act, Exemptive order, SEC release, no-action letter or similar relief or interpretations, collectively |
|
ADR |
American Depositary Receipt |
|
ADS |
American Depositary Share |
|
Board |
Fund’s Board of Directors or Trustees |
|
Board Member |
A trustee or director of the Fund’s Board |
|
CEA |
Commodity Exchange Act, as amended |
|
CFTC |
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission |
|
Code |
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
|
CMO |
Collateralized Mortgage Obligation |
|
ETF |
Exchange-Traded Fund |
|
EDR |
European Depositary Receipt |
|
Fannie Mae |
Federal National Mortgage Association |
|
FDIC |
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
|
Fitch |
Fitch Ratings, Inc. |
|
Freddie Mac |
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation |
|
GDR |
Global Depositary Receipt |
|
Ginnie Mae |
Government National Mortgage Association |
|
IPO |
Initial Public Offering |
|
IRS |
Internal Revenue Service |
|
LIBOR |
London Interbank Offered Rate |
|
Manager or PGIM Investments |
PGIM Investments LLC |
|
Moody’s |
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. |
|
NASDAQ |
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations |
|
NAV |
Net Asset Value |
|
NRSRO |
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization |
|
NYSE |
New York Stock Exchange |
|
OTC |
Over the Counter |
|
Prudential |
Prudential Financial, Inc. |
|
PMFS |
Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC |
|
QPTP |
“Qualified publicly traded partnership” as the term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
|
REIT |
Real Estate Investment Trust |
|
RIC |
Regulated Investment Company, as the term is used in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended |
|
S&P |
S&P Global Ratings |
3
|
Term |
Definition |
|
SEC |
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |
|
SOFR |
Secured Overnight Financing Rate |
|
World Bank |
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
FUND CLASSIFICATION, INVESTMENT objectives & POLICIES
PIP 12 is an open-end management investment company. Each Fund is classified as a diversified fund. The investment objective of each Fund is to seek a balance between growth and conservation of capital.
Each Fund is structured as a “fund of funds,” meaning that instead of buying individual securities directly, the Fund invests primarily in mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) (collectively, the “Underlying Funds”). The Underlying Funds are primarily mutual funds and ETFs within the PGIM Funds family but may also include mutual funds and ETFs that are not within the PGIM Funds family.
There is no guarantee that the investment objectives of the Funds or the Underlying Funds will be achieved.
INVESTMENTS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The principal investment strategies of the Fund are described in the Funds' Prospectus. In addition, the Funds may from time to time also use the securities, instruments, policies and strategies that are further described below in seeking to achieve its objective. Set forth below are descriptions of some of the types of investments and investment strategies that the Funds and the Underlying Funds may use and the risks and considerations associated with those investments and investment strategies. The Funds also may invest from time to time in certain types of investments and strategies that are not listed below. Please also see the Prospectus of the Funds and the “Fund Classification, Investment Objectives & Policies” section of this SAI. The order of the below investments, investment strategies and risks does not indicate the significance of any particular investment, investment strategy or risk.
Because the Funds principally invest in the Underlying Funds, the strategies and risks below are described principally by reference to the Underlying Funds. The strategies and risks described below may not apply to all of the Underlying Funds. Unless otherwise specified, references to a “Fund” apply to each Fund and each Underlying Fund.
ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES INVESTMENTS RISK. In addition to the risks of foreign investing and the risks of investing in emerging markets, the developing market Asia-Pacific countries in which a Fund may invest are subject to certain additional or specific risks. There is a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of these markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region such as in Japan and Hong Kong. Brokers in developing market Asia-Pacific countries typically are fewer in number and less well capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment discussed below, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for a Fund and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of a Fund.
Many Asia-Pacific countries may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) monsoons and other natural disasters may cause substantial economic disruptions in Asian countries; (iv) outbreaks of infectious illness or other public health threats may reduce consumer demand, result in travel restrictions or quarantines, and may generally have a significant effect on certain Asian economies; (v) internal insurgencies; (vi) hostile relations with neighboring countries; (vii) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection; (viii) nationalization of property and/or confiscatory taxation; and (ix) piracy of intellectual property, data and other security breaches, especially of data stored electronically. In addition, the governments of many such countries, such as India, Indonesia and Vietnam, have a heavy role in regulating and supervising the economy. Another risk common to most such countries is that the economy is heavily export oriented and, accordingly, is dependent upon international trade. The existence of overburdened infrastructure and obsolete financial systems also present risks in certain countries, as do environmental problems. Certain economies also depend to a significant degree upon exports of primary commodities and, therefore, are vulnerable to changes in commodity prices that, in turn, may be affected by a variety of factors.
The legal systems in certain Asia-Pacific countries also may have an adverse impact on a Fund. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market Asia-Pacific countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in developing market Asia-Pacific companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a developing market Asia-Pacific country.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 4
Governments of many Asia-Pacific countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies, including the largest in the country. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in Asia-Pacific countries, which could affect private sector companies and a Fund itself, as well as the value of securities in a Fund’s portfolio. In addition, economic statistics of developing market Asia-Pacific countries may be less reliable than economic statistics of more developed nations.
In addition to the relative lack of publicly available information about developing market Asia-Pacific issuers and the possibility that such issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies, inflation accounting rules in some developing market Asia-Pacific countries require companies that keep accounting records in the local currency, for both tax and accounting purposes, to restate certain assets and liabilities on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits for certain developing market Asia-Pacific companies. Satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some developing Asia-Pacific countries, which may result in a Fund incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside such countries.
Certain Asia-Pacific countries are especially large debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. Fund management may determine that, notwithstanding otherwise favorable investment criteria, it may not be practicable or appropriate to invest in a particular Asia-Pacific country. A Fund may invest in countries in which foreign investors, including management of a Fund, have had no or limited prior experience.
Certain Asian countries have democracies with relatively short histories, which may increase the risk of political instability. These countries have faced political and military unrest, and further unrest could present a risk to their local economies and securities markets. Indonesia and the Philippines have each experienced violence and terrorism, which has negatively impacted their economies. North Korea and South Korea each have substantial military capabilities, and historical tensions between the two countries present the risk of war. Escalated tensions involving the two countries and any outbreak of hostilities between the two countries, or even the threat of an outbreak of hostilities, could have a severe adverse effect on the entire Asian region. Certain Asian countries have also developed increasingly strained relationships with the U.S., and if these relations were to worsen, they could adversely affect Asian issuers that rely on the U.S. for trade. Political, religious, and border disputes persist in India. India has recently experienced and may continue to experience civil unrest and hostilities with certain of its neighboring countries. Increased political and social unrest in these geographic areas could adversely affect the performance of investments in this region.
Restrictions on Foreign Investments in Asia-Pacific Countries. Some Asia-Pacific countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as a Fund. As illustrations, certain countries may require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company or limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to obtain required governmental approvals in a timely manner. In addition, changes to restrictions on foreign ownership of securities subsequent to a Fund’s purchase of such securities may have an adverse effect on the value of such shares. Certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests.
The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain Asia-Pacific countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of a Fund. For example, a Fund may be required in certain of such countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of a Fund. Re-registration may in some instances not be able to occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which a Fund may be denied certain of its rights as an investor, including rights as to dividends or to be made aware of certain corporate actions. There also may be instances where a Fund places a purchase order but subsequently learns, at the time of re-registration, that the permissible allocation of the investment to foreign investors has been filled, depriving a Fund of the ability to make its desired investment at that time.
Substantial limitations may exist in certain countries with respect to a Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to a Fund of any restrictions on investments. For example, in September 1998, Malaysia imposed currency controls that limited funds’ ability to repatriate proceeds of Malaysian investments. It is possible that Malaysia, or certain other countries may impose similar restrictions or other restrictions relating to their currencies or to securities of issuers in those countries. To the extent that such restrictions have the effect of making certain investments illiquid, securities may not be available to meet redemptions. Depending on a variety of financial factors, the percentage of a Fund’s portfolio subject to currency controls may increase. In the event other countries impose similar controls, the portion of a Fund’s assets that may be used to meet redemptions may be further decreased. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the
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mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of the operations of a Fund. In certain countries, banks or other financial institutions may be among the leading companies or have actively traded securities. The 1940 Act restricts a Fund’s investments in any equity securities of an issuer that, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder and subject to certain exemptions. These provisions may restrict a Fund’s investments in certain foreign banks and other financial institutions.
In addition to the risks listed above, investing in China (including in Chinese issuers that are listed on U.S. exchanges) presents additional risks. Investing in China involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or securities markets. Such risks may include: (a) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (b) greater social, economic and political uncertainty (including the risk of war and social unrest); (c) dependency on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (d) the increasing competition from Asia’s other low-cost emerging economies; (e) greater price volatility and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets; (f) substantially less liquidity, particularly of certain share classes of Chinese securities; (g) currency exchange rate fluctuations and the lack of available currency hedging instruments; (h) higher rates of inflation; (i) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a Fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (j) greater governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (k) the risk that the Chinese government may decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs implemented since 1978 and could return to the prior, completely centrally planned, economy; (l) the fact that Chinese companies, particularly those located in China, may be smaller, less seasoned and newly-organized; (m) the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers, particularly in China; (n) the fact that statistical information regarding the economy of China may be inaccurate or not comparable to statistical information regarding the U.S. or other economies; (o) the less extensive, and still developing, regulation of the securities markets, business entities and commercial transactions; (p) the fact that the settlement period of securities transactions in foreign markets may be longer; (q) the willingness and ability of the Chinese government to support the Chinese and Hong Kong economies and markets is uncertain; (r) the risk that Chinese authorities may intervene in the operations and structure of specific Chinese companies (particularly in the financial services and technology sector); (s) the risk that it may be more difficult, or impossible, to obtain and/or enforce a judgment than in other countries; and (t) the rapidity and erratic nature of growth, particularly in China, resulting in efficiencies and dislocations.
A series of executive orders issued in recent years prohibit the Fund from investing in certain companies and/or sectors, including those tied to the Chinese military or China's surveillance technology sector. The restrictions in these executive orders may force the subadviser to sell certain positions and may restrict a Fund from future investments the subadviser deems otherwise attractive.
Investments in China and Hong Kong are subject to certain political risks. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) by the Communist Party in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations incurred by China’s predecessor governments, which obligations remain in default, and expropriated assets without compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar action in the future. The political reunification of China and Taiwan is a highly contentious issue and is unlikely to be settled in the near future. This situation poses a threat to Taiwan’s economy and could negatively affect its stock market.
Hong Kong reverted to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997 as a Special Administrative Region of the PRC under the principle of “one country, two systems.” Although China is obligated to maintain the current capitalist economic and social system of Hong Kong through June 30, 2047, the continuation of economic and social freedoms enjoyed in Hong Kong is dependent on the government of China. Since 1997, there have been tensions between the Chinese government and many people in Hong Kong regarding China's perceived tightening of control over Hong Kong's semi-autonomous liberal political, economic, legal, and social framework. Recent protests may prompt the Chinese and Hong Kong governments to rapidly address Hong Kong's future relationship with mainland China, which remains unresolved. Due to the interconnected nature of the Hong Kong and Chinese economies, this instability in Hong Kong may cause uncertainty in the Hong Kong and Chinese markets. In addition, the Hong Kong dollar trades at a fixed exchange rate in relation to (or, is “pegged” to) the U.S. dollar, which has contributed to the growth and stability of the Hong Kong economy. However, it is uncertain how long the currency peg will continue or what effect the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system would have on the Hong Kong economy. Because a Fund's NAV is denominated in U.S. dollars, the establishment of an alternative exchange rate system could result in a decline in a Fund’s NAV.
The Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past several years but there is no assurance that this growth rate will be maintained. In fact, the Chinese economy may experience a significant slowdown as a result of, among other things, a deterioration in global demand for Chinese exports, as well as contraction in spending on domestic goods by Chinese consumers. In addition, China may experience substantial rates of inflation or economic recessions, which would have a negative effect on the economy and securities market. Delays in enterprise restructuring, slow development of well-functioning financial and widespread corruption have also hindered performance of the Chinese economy. China continues to receive substantial pressure from trading partners to liberalize official currency exchange rates. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, institution of tariffs or other trade barriers or a downturn in any of the
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economies of China's key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the securities of Chinese issuers. The tax laws and regulations in the PRC are subject to change, including the issuance of authoritative guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. The interpretation, applicability and enforcement of such laws by the PRC tax authorities are not as consistent and transparent as those of more developed nations, and may vary over time and from region to region. The application and enforcement of the PRC tax rules could have a significant adverse effect on a Fund and its investors, particularly in relation to capital gains withholding tax imposed upon non-residents. In addition, the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices applicable to Chinese companies may be less rigorous, and may result in significant differences between financial statements prepared in accordance with PRC accounting standards and practices and those prepared in accordance with international accounting standards.
Chinese companies listed on U.S. exchanges often use variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in their structure. Instead of directly owning the equity securities of a Chinese operating company, in a VIE structure, a non-U.S. shell company (often organized in the Cayman Islands) that is listed and traded on a U.S. exchange enters into service contracts and other contracts with the Chinese operating company which provide the foreign shell company with exposure to the Chinese company. Although the U.S. listed shell company has no equity ownership of the Chinese operating company, the contractual arrangements provide the U.S. listed shell company economic exposure to the Chinese operating company and permit the U.S. listed shell company to consolidate the Chinese operating company into its financial statements. VIE structures are subject to legal and regulatory uncertainties and risks. Intervention by the Chinese government with respect to VIE structures or the non-enforcement of VIE-related contractual rights could significantly affect a Chinese operating company's business, the enforceability of the U.S. listed shell company's contractual arrangements with the Chinese operating company and the value of the U.S. listed stock. Intervention by the Chinese government could include nationalization of the Chinese operating company, confiscation of its assets, restrictions on operations and/or constraints on the use of VIE structures. In addition, because the Chinese operating company is not owned, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. listed shell company, the U.S. listed shell company cannot control the Chinese operating company and must rely on the Chinese operating company to perform its contractual obligations in order for the U.S. listed company to receive economic benefits.
Risk of Investing through Stock Connect. China A-shares (“A-shares”) are equity securities of companies based in mainland China that trade on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange (“SSE”) and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (“SZSE”). Foreign investment in A-shares on the SSE and SZSE has historically not been permitted, other than through a license granted under regulations in the PRC known as the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor and Renminbi (“RMB”) Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor systems. Each license permits investment in A-shares only up to a specified quota.
Investment in eligible A-shares listed and traded on the SSE is also permitted through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (“Stock Connect”). Stock Connect is a securities trading and clearing program established by Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (“HKSCC”), the SSE and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited (“CSDCC”) that aims to provide mutual stock market access between the PRC and Hong Kong by permitting investors to trade and settle shares on each market through their local exchanges. The Funds may invest in A-shares through Stock Connect or on such other stock exchanges in China which participate in Stock Connect from time to time. Under Stock Connect, each Fund’s trading of eligible A-shares listed on the SSE would be effectuated through its Hong Kong broker.
Although no individual investment quotas or licensing requirements apply to investors in Stock Connect, trading through Stock Connect’s Northbound Trading Link is subject to aggregate and daily investment quota limitations that require that buy orders for A-shares be rejected once the remaining balance of the relevant quota drops to zero or the daily quota is exceeded (although the Funds will be permitted to sell A-shares regardless of the quota balance). These limitations may restrict the Funds from investing in A-shares on a timely basis, which could affect each Fund’s ability to effectively pursue its investment strategy. Investment quotas are also subject to change.
Investment in eligible A-shares through Stock Connect is subject to trading, clearance and settlement procedures that could pose risks to the Funds. A-shares purchased through Stock Connect generally may not be sold or otherwise transferred other than through Stock Connect in accordance with applicable rules. For example, PRC regulations require that in order for an investor to sell any A-shares on a certain trading day, there must be sufficient A-shares in the investor’s account before the market opens on that day. If there are insufficient A-shares in the investor’s account, the sell order will be rejected by the SSE. The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) carries out pre-trade checking on sell orders of certain stocks listed on the SSE market (“SSE Securities”) of its participants (i.e., stock brokers) to ensure that this requirement is satisfied. While shares must be designated as eligible to be traded under Stock Connect, those shares may also lose such designation, and if this occurs, such shares may be sold but cannot be purchased through Stock Connect. In addition, Stock Connect will only operate on days when both the Chinese and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banks in both markets are open on the corresponding settlement days. Therefore, an investment in A-shares through Stock Connect may subject the Funds to a risk of price fluctuations on days where the Chinese market is open, but Stock Connect is not trading. Moreover, day (turnaround) trading is not permitted on the A-shares market. If an investor buys A-shares on day “T,” the investor will only be able to sell the A-shares on or after day T+1. Further, since all trades of eligible Stock Connect A-shares must be
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settled in RMB, investors must have timely access to a reliable supply of offshore RMB, which cannot be guaranteed. There is also no assurance that RMB will not be subject to devaluation. Any devaluation of RMB could adversely affect a Fund’s investments. If a Fund holds a class of shares denominated in a local currency other than RMB, the Funds will be exposed to currency exchange risk if each Fund converts the local currency into RMB for investments in A-shares. A Fund may also incur conversion costs.
A-shares held through the nominee structure under Stock Connect will be held through HKSCC as nominee on behalf of investors. The precise nature and rights of the Funds as the beneficial owner of the SSE Securities through HKSCC as nominee is not well defined under PRC law. There is lack of a clear definition of, and distinction between, legal ownership and beneficial ownership under PRC law and there have been few cases involving a nominee account structure in the PRC courts. The exact nature and methods of enforcement of the rights and interests of the Funds under PRC law is also uncertain. In the unlikely event that HKSCC becomes subject to winding up proceedings in Hong Kong there is a risk that the SSE Securities may not be regarded as held for the beneficial ownership of the Funds or as part of the general assets of HKSCC available for general distribution to its creditors. Notwithstanding the fact that HKSCC does not claim proprietary interests in the SSE Securities held in its omnibus stock account in the CSDCC, the CSDCC as the share registrar for SSE listed companies will still treat HKSCC as one of the shareholders when it handles corporate actions in respect of such SSE Securities. HKSCC monitors the corporate actions affecting SSE Securities and keeps participants of Central Clearing and Settlement System (“CCASS”) informed of all such corporate actions that require CCASS participants to take steps in order to participate in them. Investors may only exercise their voting rights by providing their voting instructions to the HKSCC through participants of the CCASS. All voting instructions from CCASS participants will be consolidated by HKSCC, who will then submit a combined single voting instruction to the relevant SSE-listed company.
Each Fund’s investments through Stock Connect’s Northbound Trading Link are not covered by Hong Kong’s Investor Compensation Fund. Hong Kong’s Investor Compensation Fund is established to pay compensation to investors of any nationality who suffer pecuniary losses as a result of default of a licensed intermediary or authorized financial institution in relation to exchange-traded products in Hong Kong. In addition, since each Fund is carrying out Northbound trading through securities brokers in Hong Kong but not PRC brokers, it is not protected by the China Securities Investor Protection Fund in the PRC.
Market participants are able to participate in Stock Connect subject to meeting certain information technology capability, risk management and other requirements as may be specified by the relevant exchange and/or clearing house. Further, the “connectivity” in Stock Connect requires the routing of orders across the border of Hong Kong and the PRC, including the development of new information technology systems on the part of the SEHK and exchange participants. The actual effect on the market for trading A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is unknown. There is no assurance that these systems will function properly or will continue to be adapted to changes and developments in both markets. In the event that the relevant systems fail to function properly, trading in A-shares through Stock Connect could be disrupted.
Stock Connect is subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities for both exchanges. New regulations may be issued from time to time by the regulators and stock exchanges in PRC and Hong Kong in connection with operations, legal enforcement and cross-border trades under Stock Connect. The Funds may be adversely affected as a result of such changes. Furthermore, the securities regimes and legal systems of PRC and Hong Kong differ significantly and issues may arise based on these differences. In addition, each Fund’s investments in A-shares through Stock Connect are generally subject to Chinese securities regulations and listing rules, among other restrictions. Further, different fees, costs and taxes are imposed on foreign investors acquiring A-shares obtained through Stock Connect, and these fees, costs and taxes may be higher than comparable fees, costs and taxes imposed on owners of other securities providing similar investment exposure.
A-Share Market Suspension Risk. A-shares may only be bought from, or sold to, the Funds at times when the relevant A-shares may be sold or purchased on the relevant Chinese stock exchange. The A-shares market has historically had a higher propensity for trading suspensions than many other global equity markets. Trading suspensions in certain stocks could lead to greater market execution risk and costs for the Funds. The SSE currently applies a daily price limit, set at 10%, of the amount of fluctuation permitted in the prices of A-shares during a single trading day. The daily price limit refers to price movements only and does not restrict trading within the relevant limit. There can be no assurance that a liquid market on an exchange will exist for any particular A-share or for any particular time.
BORROWING AND LEVERAGE. Unless noted otherwise, a Fund may borrow up to 33 1∕3% of the value of its total assets (calculated at the time of the borrowing). A Fund may pledge up to 33 1∕3% of its total assets to secure these borrowings. If a Fund’s asset coverage for borrowings falls below 300%, a Fund will take prompt action to reduce borrowings. If a Fund borrows to invest in securities, any investment gains made on the securities in excess of interest paid on the borrowing will cause the NAV of the shares to rise faster than would otherwise be the case. On the other hand, if the investment performance of the additional securities purchased fails to cover their cost (including any interest paid on the money borrowed) to a Fund, the NAV of a Fund’s shares will decrease faster than would
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otherwise be the case. This is the speculative factor known as “leverage.” In addition, a Fund may use certain investment management techniques (collectively, “effective leverage”), such as certain derivatives, that may provide leverage and are not subject to the borrowing limitation noted above.
A Fund may borrow from time to time, at the discretion of the subadviser, to take advantage of investment opportunities, when yields on available investments exceed interest rates and other expenses of related borrowing, or when, in the subadviser's opinion, unusual market conditions otherwise make it advantageous for a Fund to increase its investment capacity. A Fund will only borrow when there is an expectation that it will benefit a Fund after taking into account considerations such as interest income and possible losses upon liquidation. Borrowing by a Fund creates an opportunity for increased net income but, at the same time, creates risks, including the fact that leverage may exaggerate changes in the NAV of Fund shares and in the yield on a Fund. Unless otherwise stated, a Fund may borrow through forward rolls, dollar rolls or reverse repurchase agreements.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. A Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest payments paid on corporate debt securities or the dividend preference on a preferred stock until such time as the convertible security matures or is redeemed or until the holder elects to exercise the conversion privilege.
The characteristics of convertible securities make them appropriate investments for an investment company seeking long-term capital appreciation and/or total return. These characteristics include the potential for capital appreciation as the value of the underlying common stock increases, the relatively high yield received from dividend or interest payments as compared to common stock dividends and decreased risks of decline in value relative to the underlying common stock due to their fixed income nature. As a result of the conversion feature, however, the interest rate or dividend preference on a convertible security is generally less than would be the case if the securities were issued in nonconvertible form.
In analyzing convertible securities, the subadviser will consider both the yield on the convertible security relative to its credit quality and the potential capital appreciation that is offered by the underlying common stock, among other things.
Convertible securities are issued and traded in a number of securities markets. Even in cases where a substantial portion of the convertible securities held by a Fund are denominated in U.S. dollars, the underlying equity securities may be quoted in the currency of the country where the issuer is domiciled. With respect to convertible securities denominated in a currency different from that of the underlying equity securities, the conversion price may be based on a fixed exchange rate established at the time the security is issued. As a result, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the currency in which the debt security is denominated and the currency in which the share price is quoted will affect the value of the convertible security. As described below, a Fund is authorized to enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in which a Fund may seek to reduce the effect of such fluctuations.
Apart from currency considerations, the value of convertible securities is influenced by both the yield of nonconvertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield) is sometimes referred to as its “investment value.” To the extent interest rates change, the investment value of the convertible security typically will fluctuate. However, at the same time, the value of the convertible security will be influenced by its “conversion value,” which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained if the convertible security were converted. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying common stock. If, because of a low price of the common stock, the conversion value is substantially below the investment value of the convertible security, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value.
To the extent the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the price of the convertible security will be influenced principally by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over the conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security. The yield and conversion premium of convertible securities issued in Japan and the Euromarket are frequently determined at levels that cause the conversion value to affect their market value more than the securities' investment value.
Holders of convertible securities generally have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders but may be subordinated to other debt securities of the same issuer. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the charter provision, indenture or other governing instrument pursuant to which the convertible security was issued. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, a Fund will be required to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Certain convertible debt securities may provide a put option to the holder, which entitles the holder to cause the security to be redeemed by the issuer at a premium over the stated principal amount of the debt security under certain circumstances.
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Synthetic convertible securities may be either (i) a debt security or preferred stock that may be convertible only under certain contingent circumstances or that may pay the holder a cash amount based on the value of shares of underlying common stock partly or wholly in lieu of a conversion right (a “Cash-Settled Convertible”), (ii) a combination of separate securities chosen by the subadviser in order to create the economic characteristics of a convertible security, i.e., a fixed income security paired with a security with equity conversion features, such as an option or warrant (a “Manufactured Convertible”) or (iii) a synthetic security manufactured by another party.
Synthetic convertible securities may include either Cash-Settled Convertibles or Manufactured Convertibles. Cash-Settled Convertibles are instruments that are created by the issuer and have the economic characteristics of traditional convertible securities but may not actually permit conversion into the underlying equity securities in all circumstances. As an example, a private company may issue a Cash-Settled Convertible that is convertible into common stock only if the company successfully completes a public offering of its common stock prior to maturity and otherwise pays a cash amount to reflect any equity appreciation. Manufactured Convertibles are created by the subadviser by combining separate securities that possess one of the two principal characteristics of a convertible security, i.e., fixed income (“fixed income component”) or a right to acquire equity securities (“convertibility component”). The fixed income component is achieved by investing in nonconvertible fixed income securities, such as nonconvertible bonds, preferred stocks and money market instruments. The convertibility component is achieved by investing in call options, warrants, or other securities with equity conversion features (“equity features”) granting the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of the underlying stocks within a specified period of time at a specified price or, in the case of a stock index option, the right to receive a cash payment based on the value of the underlying stock index.
A Manufactured Convertible differs from traditional convertible securities in several respects. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a unitary market value, a Manufactured Convertible is comprised of two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the total “market value” of such a Manufactured Convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed income component and its convertibility component.
More flexibility is possible in the creation of a Manufactured Convertible than in the purchase of a traditional convertible security. Because many corporations have not issued convertible securities, the subadviser may combine a fixed income instrument and an equity feature with respect to the stock of the issuer of the fixed income instrument to create a synthetic convertible security otherwise unavailable in the market. The subadviser may also combine a fixed income instrument of an issuer with an equity feature with respect to the stock of a different issuer when the subadviser believes such a Manufactured Convertible would better promote a Fund’s objective(s) than alternate investments. For example, the subadviser may combine an equity feature with respect to an issuer's stock with a fixed income security of a different issuer in the same industry to diversify a Fund’s credit exposure, or with a U.S. Treasury instrument to create a Manufactured Convertible with a higher credit profile than a traditional convertible security issued by that issuer. A Manufactured Convertible also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately and, upon purchasing the separate securities, “combined” to create a Manufactured Convertible. For example, a Fund may purchase a warrant for eventual inclusion in a Manufactured Convertible while postponing the purchase of a suitable bond to pair with the warrant pending development of more favorable market conditions.
The value of a Manufactured Convertible may respond differently to certain market fluctuations than would a traditional convertible security with similar characteristics. For example, in the event a Fund created a Manufactured Convertible by combining a short-term U.S. Treasury instrument and a call option on a stock, the Manufactured Convertible would likely outperform a traditional convertible of similar maturity that is convertible into that stock during periods when Treasury instruments outperform corporate fixed income securities and underperform during periods when corporate fixed income securities outperform Treasury instruments.
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP AGREEMENTS AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS. A Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements and similar agreements. The credit default swap agreement or similar instrument may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by a Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default contract may be obligated to pay the protection “seller” an up-front or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided generally that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, a Fund recovers nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an up-front payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value.
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Credit default swaps and similar instruments involve greater risks than if a Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly, since, in addition to general market risks, they are subject to illiquidity risk, counterparty risk and credit risk. A Fund will enter into credit default swap agreements and similar instruments only with counterparties that are rated investment grade quality by at least one credit rating agency at the time of entering into such transaction or whose creditworthiness is believed by the subadviser to be equivalent to such rating. If a credit event were to occur, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the seller, coupled with the up-front or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to a Fund. When acting as a seller of a credit default swap or a similar instrument, a Fund is exposed to many of the same risks of leverage since, if a credit event occurs, the seller may be required to pay the buyer the full notional value of the contract net of any amounts owed by the buyer related to its delivery of deliverable obligations.
Certain index credit default swaps are required to be executed in regulated markets and submitted for clearing to regulated clearinghouses. Other single-name credit default swaps and index credit default swaps are permitted, although not required, to be cleared through regulated clearinghouses. The Fund will clear credit default swaps that are subject to mandatory clearing and may voluntarily clear some, but not all, of the other credit default swaps not subject to mandatory clearing. The Fund will face counterparty risk with respect to the clearinghouse when entering into cleared credit default swaps. The Fund will face significant counterparty risk with respect to counterparties to non-cleared credit default swaps and similar instruments. A Fund typically will enter into non-cleared credit default swaps and similar instruments with swap dealers and creditworthy entities that have substantial capital or have provided a Fund with a third-party guaranty or other credit support.
CURRENCY FUTURES. A Fund may seek to enhance returns or hedge against the decline in the value of a currency through use of currency futures or options thereon. Currency futures are similar to forward foreign exchange transactions except that futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts. See the sub-section entitled “Futures.” Currency futures involve substantial currency risk, and also involve leverage risk.
CURRENCY OPTIONS. A Fund may seek to enhance returns or hedge against the decline in the value of a currency against the U.S. dollar through the use of currency options. Currency options are similar to options on securities, but in consideration for an option premium the writer of a currency option is obligated to sell (in the case of a call option) or purchase (in the case of a put option) a specified amount of a specified currency on or before the expiration date for a specified amount of another currency. A Fund may engage in transactions in options on currencies either on exchanges or OTC markets. See “Types of Options” and “Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives” in this SAI. Currency options involve substantial currency risk, and may also involve credit, leverage or liquidity risk.
CYBER SECURITY RISK. A Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and other risks related to the use of technology, computer systems and the Internet to conduct business. These risks, which are often collectively referred to as “cyber security” risks, may include deliberate or malicious attacks, as well as unintentional events and occurrences. Cyber security is generally defined as the technology, operations and related protocol surrounding and protecting a user’s computer hardware, network, systems and applications and the data transmitted and stored therewith. These measures ensure the reliability of a user’s systems, as well as the security, availability, integrity, and confidentiality of data assets.
Deliberate cyber attacks can include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to computer systems in order to misappropriate and/or disclose sensitive or confidential information; deleting, corrupting or modifying data; and causing operational disruptions. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (in order to prevent access to computer networks). In addition to deliberate breaches engineered by external actors, cyber security risks can also result from the conduct of malicious, exploited or careless insiders, whose actions may result in the destruction, release or disclosure of confidential or proprietary information stored on an organization’s systems.
Cyber security failures or breaches, whether deliberate or unintentional, arising from a Fund’s third-party service providers (e.g., custodians, financial intermediaries, transfer agents), subadviser, shareholder usage of unsecure systems to access personal accounts, as well as breaches suffered by the issuers of securities in which a Fund invests, may cause significant disruptions in the business operations of a Fund. Potential impacts may include, but are not limited to, potential financial losses for a Fund and the issuers’ securities, the inability of shareholders to conduct transactions with a Fund, an inability of a Fund to calculate NAV, and disclosures of personal or confidential shareholder information.
In addition to direct impacts on Fund shareholders, cyber security failures by a Fund and/or its service providers and others may result in regulatory inquiries, regulatory proceedings, regulatory and/or legal and litigation costs to a Fund, and reputational damage. A Fund may incur reimbursement and other expenses, including the costs of litigation and litigation settlements and additional compliance costs. A Fund may also incur considerable expenses in enhancing and upgrading computer systems and systems security following a cyber security failure.
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The rapid proliferation of technologies, as well as the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, and others continue to pose new and significant cyber security threats. Although a Fund and its service providers and subadviser may have established business continuity plans and risk management systems to mitigate cyber security risks, there can be no guarantee or assurance that such plans or systems will be effective, or that all risks that exist, or may develop in the future, have been completely anticipated and identified or can be protected against. Furthermore, a Fund cannot control or assure the efficacy of the cyber security plans and systems implemented by third-party service providers, the subadviser, and the issuers in which a Fund invests.
DEBT SECURITIES. A Fund may invest in debt securities, such as bonds, that involve credit risk. This is the risk that the issuer will not make timely payments of principal and interest. The degree of credit risk depends on the issuer's financial condition and on the terms of the bonds. Changes in an issuer's credit rating or the market's perception of an issuer's creditworthiness may also affect the value of a Fund’s investment in that issuer. Credit risk is reduced to the extent a Fund invests its assets in U.S. Government securities. Certain debt securities, however, may be subject to interest rate risk. This is the risk that the value of the security may fall when interest rates rise. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will go up or down more in response to changes in interest rates than the market price of shorter-term securities. A Fund may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply or in a manner not anticipated by the subadviser.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. A Fund may invest in the securities of foreign issuers in the form of Depositary Receipts or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. Depositary Receipts may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. ADRs and ADSs are receipts or shares typically issued by an American bank or trust company that evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs are receipts issued in Europe that evidence a similar ownership arrangement. GDRs are receipts issued throughout the world that evidence a similar arrangement. Generally, ADRs and ADSs, in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. International Depositary Receipts (“IDRs”) are the non-U.S. equivalent of an ADR.
A Fund may invest in unsponsored Depositary Receipts. The issuers of unsponsored Depositary Receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted or exchanged.
DERIVATIVES. A Fund may use instruments referred to as derivatives. Derivatives are financial instruments the value of which is derived from another security, a commodity (such as gold or oil), a currency or an index (a measure of value or rates, such as the S&P 500 Index or the prime lending rate). Derivatives allow a Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk to which a Fund is exposed more quickly and efficiently than transactions in other types of instruments. A Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes. A Fund may also use derivatives to seek to enhance returns. The use of a derivative is speculative if a Fund is primarily seeking to achieve gains, rather than offset the risk of other positions. When a Fund invests in a derivative for speculative purposes, a Fund will be fully exposed to the risks of loss of that derivative, which may sometimes be greater than the derivative's cost. A Fund may not use any derivative to gain exposure to an asset or class of assets that a Fund would be prohibited by its investment restrictions from purchasing directly. A Fund’s use of derivatives may be limited by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, as discussed in more detail below under Regulatory Risk.
Risk Factors Involving Derivatives. Derivatives are volatile and involve significant risks, including:
Correlation Risk — the risk that changes in the value of a derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market or security to which a Fund seeks exposure.
Counterparty Risk—the risk that the counterparty on a derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to a Fund. In particular, derivatives traded in OTC markets are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing firm and often do not require payment of margin. A Fund is at risk to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains or has deposited collateral with a counterparty and the counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to honor its obligations.
Currency Risk—the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment.
Illiquidity Risk— the risk that certain securities or instruments may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth. Illiquidity risk is substantial for certain OTC derivatives, including swaps and OTC options. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to unwind or offset a derivative at its desired price, in a secondary market or otherwise.
Index Risk—a derivative linked to the performance of an index will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index.
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Legal Risk—the risk of insufficient documentation, the lack of capacity or authority of a counterparty to execute or settle a transaction, and the legality and enforceability of a derivatives contract.
Leverage Risk—the risk that a Fund’s derivatives transactions can magnify a Fund’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
Market Risk — the risk that changes in the value of one or more markets or changes with respect to the value of the underlying asset will adversely affect the value of a derivative. In the event of an adverse movement, a Fund may be required to pay substantial additional margin to maintain its position.
Operational Risk — the risk related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error.
Regulatory Risk—the risk that new regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise affect their value or performance. Derivative contracts, including, without limitation, swaps, currency forwards, and non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”), are subject to regulation under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank Act”) in the United States and under comparable regimes in Europe, Asia and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. Swaps, NDFs and certain other derivatives traded in the OTC market are subject to variation margin requirements. Implementation of the margining and other provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act regarding clearing, mandatory trading, reporting and documentation of swaps and other derivatives have impacted and may continue to impact the costs to a Fund of trading these instruments and, as a result, may affect returns to investors in a Fund.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a Fund to enter into derivatives transactions and certain other transactions notwithstanding restrictions on the issuance of “senior securities” in the 1940 Act. Derivatives transactions as defined by Rule 18f-4 include, among other things, swaps, futures, forwards, options, short sale borrowings, reverse repurchase agreements and other financing transactions (if a Fund elects to treat such financing transactions as securities), when-issued and forward-settling securities in some circumstances, or any instrument for which a Fund is required to make any payment or delivery of an asset during the life of the instrument or at maturity, whether as margin, settlement payment or otherwise. Rule 18f-4 requires that, among other things, a Fund establish and maintain a derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager, who is appointed by the Board, including a majority of Independent Board Members and periodically reviews the program and reports to the Board. In addition, a Fund must comply with a relative or absolute limit on leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk.
Rule 18f-4 excepts from some of the requirements, including establishing a derivatives risk management program and calculating value-at-risk, a fund whose derivatives exposure is limited to 10% of its net assets and which has adopted policies and procedures designed to manage derivatives risks.
The use of derivatives for hedging purposes involves additional correlation risk. If the value of the derivative moves more or less than the value of the hedged instruments, a Fund will experience a gain or loss that will not be completely offset by movements in the value of the hedged instruments.
A Fund generally intends to enter into transactions involving derivatives only if there appears to be a liquid market for such instruments. However, there can be no assurance that, at any specific time, either a liquid market will exist for a derivative or a Fund will otherwise be able to sell such instrument at an acceptable price. It may therefore not be possible to close a position in a derivative without incurring substantial losses, if at all.
Additional Risk Factors Of OTC Transactions; Limitations On The Use Of OTC Derivatives. Certain derivatives traded in OTC markets, including indexed securities, certain swaps and OTC options, involve substantial liquidity risk. The absence of liquidity may make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to sell such instruments promptly at an acceptable price. The absence of liquidity may also make it more difficult for a Fund to ascertain a market value for such instruments.
Because derivatives traded in OTC markets are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearing corporation and generally do not require payment of margin, to the extent that a Fund has unrealized gains in such instruments or has deposited collateral with its counterparties, a Fund is at risk that its counterparties will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor their obligations. A Fund will attempt to minimize the risk that a counterparty will become bankrupt or otherwise fail to honor its obligations by engaging in transactions in derivatives traded in OTC markets only with financial institutions that appear to have substantial capital or that have provided a Fund with a third-party guaranty or other credit enhancement.
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EMERGING MARKETS INVESTMENTS. A Fund may invest in securities of issuers domiciled in various emerging market countries. A Fund may also invest in securities of issuers domiciled in various frontier market countries.
Investments in the securities of issuers domiciled in countries with emerging capital markets involve certain additional risks not involved in investments in securities of issuers in more developed capital markets, such as (i) low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets, (ii) uncertain national policies and social, political and economic instability, increasing the potential for expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, high rates of inflation or unfavorable diplomatic developments, (iii) fluctuations in exchange rates, differing legal systems and the existence or possible imposition of exchange controls, custodial restrictions or other non-U.S. or U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to such investments, (iv) national policies that may limit a Fund’s investment opportunities such as restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests, (v) the lack or relatively early development of legal structures governing private and non-U.S. investments and private property, (vi) substantial difficulties U.S. governmental entities may have in bringing and enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including company directors and officers, and (vii) the difficulty of bringing shareholder claims to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in certain emerging markets. In addition to withholding taxes on investment income, some countries with emerging markets may impose differential capital gains taxes on non-U.S. investors.
Such capital markets are emerging in a dynamic political and economic environment brought about by events over recent years that have reshaped political boundaries and traditional ideologies. In such a dynamic environment, there can be no assurance that these capital markets will continue to present viable investment opportunities for a Fund. In the past, governments of such nations have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and most claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that such expropriations will not reoccur. In such an event, it is possible that a Fund could lose the entire value of its investments in the affected markets.
Also, there may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those governing U.S. companies. In certain countries with emerging capital markets, reporting standards vary widely. As a result, traditional investment measurements used in the United States, such as price/earnings ratios, may not be applicable. Emerging market securities may be substantially less liquid and more volatile than those of mature markets, and companies may be held by a limited number of persons. This may adversely affect the timing and pricing of a Fund’s acquisition or disposal of securities.
Practices in relation to settlement of securities transactions in emerging markets involve higher risks than those in developed markets, in part because a Fund will need to use brokers and counterparties that are less well capitalized, and custody and registration of assets in some countries may be unreliable. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by the issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets, and, along with other factors, could result in ownership registration being completely lost. A Fund would absorb any loss resulting from such registration problems and may have no successful claim for compensation.
EUROPE RECENT EVENTS RISK. A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and beyond Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.
In addition, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions. The United States and many other countries have instituted various economic sanctions against Russian individuals and entities (including corporate and banking). The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions imposed and other punitive action taken and resulting future market disruptions in Europe and globally cannot be easily predicted, but could be significant and have a severe adverse effect on Russia and Europe in general, including significant negative impacts on the economy, sovereign debt and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas. This conflict may expand and military attacks could occur elsewhere in Europe. The potential for wider conflict may increase financial market volatility and could have severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets. Europe has also been struggling with mass migration. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching. Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of
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issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and relative liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Further, due to closures of certain markets and restrictions on trading certain securities, the value of certain securities held by the Fund could be significantly impacted, which could lead to such securities being valued at zero. The occurrence of terrorist incidents throughout Europe could also impact financial markets globally.
EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS. Each Fund may invest in ETFs, which may be unit investment trusts or open-end management investment companies. ETFs may hold portfolios of securities designed to track the performance of various broad securities indices or sectors of such indices or ETFs may be actively managed. ETFs provide another means, in addition to futures and options on indices, of including exposure to global equities, global bonds, commodities and currencies markets in each Fund’s investment portfolio. Each Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other expenses paid by such ETF.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. A Fund may invest in foreign equity and/or debt securities. Foreign debt securities include certain foreign bank obligations and U.S. dollar or foreign currency-denominated obligations of foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, international agencies and supranational entities.
Certain Risks of Holding Fund Assets Outside the United States. A Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for a Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount a Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for a Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.
Currency Risk and Exchange Risk. Securities in which a Fund invests may be denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of a Fund’s portfolio. Generally, when the U.S. dollar rises in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency loses value because the currency is worth fewer U.S. dollars. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar decreases in value against a foreign currency, a security denominated in that currency gains value because the currency is worth more U.S. dollars. This risk, generally known as “currency risk,” means that a stronger U.S. dollar will reduce returns on foreign currency dominated securities for U.S. investors while a weak U.S. dollar will increase those returns.
Foreign Economy Risk. The economies of certain foreign markets often do not compare favorably with that of the United States with respect to such issues as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources, and balance of payments position. Certain such economies may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation of assets, or the imposition of punitive taxes. In addition, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain industries. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair a Fund’s ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer a Fund’s assets or income back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect a Fund’s operations. Other foreign market risks include foreign exchange controls, difficulties in pricing securities, defaults on foreign government securities, difficulties in enforcing favorable legal judgments in foreign courts, and political and social instability. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the United States or other foreign countries.
Foreign Market Risk. Foreign securities offer the potential for more diversification than if a Fund invests only in the United States because securities traded on foreign markets have often (though not always) performed differently from securities in the United States. However, such investments involve special risks not present in U.S. investments that can increase the chances that a Fund will lose money. In particular, a Fund is subject to the risk that, because there are generally fewer investors on foreign exchanges and a smaller number of shares traded each day, it may be difficult for a Fund to buy and sell securities on those exchanges. In addition, prices of foreign securities may fluctuate more than prices of securities traded in the United States.
Governmental Supervision and Regulation/Accounting Standards. Many foreign governments supervise and regulate stock exchanges, brokers and the sale of securities less rigorously than the United States. Some countries may not have laws to protect investors comparable to the U.S. securities laws. For example, some foreign countries may have no laws or rules against insider trading. Insider trading occurs when a person buys or sells a company's securities based on nonpublic information about that company. Accounting standards in other countries are not necessarily the same as in the United States and auditors may not be subject to the same level of oversight. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for Fund management to completely and accurately determine a company's financial condition.
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Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically generated by the settlement of U.S. investments. Communications between the United States and emerging market countries may be unreliable, increasing the risk of delayed settlements or losses of security certificates. Settlements in certain foreign countries at times have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions; these problems may make it difficult for a Fund to carry out transactions. If a Fund cannot settle or there is a delay in settling a purchase of securities, a Fund may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If a Fund cannot settle or there is a delay in settling a sale of securities, a Fund may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if there is a contract to sell the security to another party, a Fund could be liable to that party for any losses incurred.
Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thereby reducing the amount available for distribution to shareholders.
Forward Foreign Exchange Transactions. Forward foreign exchange transactions are OTC contracts to purchase or sell a specified amount of a specified currency or multinational currency unit at a price and specified future date set at the time of the contract. Spot foreign exchange transactions are similar but require current, rather than future, settlement. A Fund will enter into foreign exchange transactions for purposes of hedging either a specific transaction or a portfolio position, or to seek to enhance returns. A Fund may enter into a foreign exchange transaction for purposes of hedging a specific transaction by, for example, purchasing a currency needed to settle a security transaction or selling a currency in which a Fund has received or anticipates receiving a dividend or distribution.
A Fund may enter into a foreign exchange transaction for purposes of hedging a portfolio position by selling forward a currency in which a portfolio position of a Fund is denominated or by purchasing a currency in which a Fund anticipates acquiring a portfolio position in the near future. A Fund may also hedge portfolio positions through currency swaps, which are transactions in which one currency is simultaneously bought for a second currency on a spot basis and sold for the second currency on a forward basis. Forward foreign exchange transactions involve substantial currency risk, and also involve credit and liquidity risk.
FUTURES. A Fund may engage in transactions in futures and options thereon. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts which obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of an asset at a specified future date at a specified price. No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Rather, upon purchasing or selling a futures contract a Fund is required to deposit collateral (“margin”) equal to a percentage (generally less than 10%) of the contract value. Each day thereafter until the futures position is closed, a Fund will pay additional margin representing any loss experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day or be entitled to a payment representing any profit experienced as a result of the futures position the prior day. Futures involve substantial leverage risk.
The sale of a futures contract limits a Fund’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of portfolio holdings correlated with the futures contract prior to the futures contract's expiration date. In the event the market value of the portfolio holdings correlated with the futures contract increases rather than decreases, however, a Fund will realize a loss on the futures position and a lower return on the portfolio holdings than would have been realized without the purchase of the futures contract.
The purchase of a futures contract may protect a Fund from having to pay more for securities as a consequence of increases in the market value for such securities during a period when a Fund was attempting to identify specific securities in which to invest in a market a Fund believes to be attractive. In the event that such securities decline in value or a Fund determines not to complete an anticipatory hedge transaction relating to a futures contract, however, a Fund may realize a loss relating to the futures position.
A Fund is also authorized to purchase or sell call and put options on futures contracts including financial futures and stock indices in connection with its hedging activities. Generally, these strategies would be used under the same market and market sector conditions (i.e., conditions relating to specific types of investments) in which a Fund entered into futures transactions. A Fund may purchase put options or write (i.e., sell) call options on futures contracts and stock indices rather than selling the underlying futures contract in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of its securities. Similarly, a Fund can purchase call options, or write put options on futures contracts and stock indices, as a substitute for the purchase of such futures to hedge against the increased cost resulting from an increase in the market value of securities which a Fund intends to purchase.
Certain Funds may only write “covered” put and call options on futures contracts. A Fund will be considered “covered” with respect to a call option written on a futures contract if a Fund owns the assets that are deliverable under the futures contract or an option to purchase that futures contract having a strike price equal to or less than the strike price of the “covered” option and having an expiration date not earlier than the expiration date of the “covered” option, or if it segregates for the term of the option cash or other liquid assets equal to the fluctuating value of the optioned future. A Fund will be considered “covered” with respect to a put option written on a futures contract if a Fund owns an option to sell that futures contract having a strike price equal to or greater than the strike price of the
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“covered” option, or if a Fund segregates for the term of the option cash or other liquid assets at all times equal in value to the exercise price of the put (less any initial margin deposited by a Fund with its futures custody manager or as otherwise permitted by applicable law with respect to such option). There is no limitation on the amount of a Fund’s assets that can be segregated.
The Manager has filed a notice of exclusion from registration as a “commodity pool operator” under CFTC Rule 4.5 and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to a Fund under the CEA. In order for the Manager to claim exclusion from registration as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund under the CEA, a Fund is limited in its ability to trade instruments subject to the CFTC’s jurisdiction, including commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indices, interest rate futures and currency futures), options on commodity futures, certain swaps or other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles). Under this exclusion, a Fund must satisfy one of the following two trading limitations whenever it enters into a new commodity trading position: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish a Fund’s positions in CFTC-regulated instruments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of a Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of a Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). A Fund would not be required to consider its exposure to such instruments if they were held for “bona fide hedging” purposes, as such term is defined in the rules of the CFTC. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, a Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the markets for CFTC-regulated instruments.
HEDGING. Hedging is a strategy in which a derivative or security is used to offset the risks associated with other Fund holdings. Losses on the other investment may be substantially reduced by gains on a derivative that reacts in an opposite manner to market movements. While hedging can reduce losses, it can also reduce or eliminate gains or cause losses if the market moves in a different manner than anticipated by a Fund or if the cost of the derivative outweighs the benefit of the hedge. Hedging also involves the risk that changes in the value of the derivative will not match those of the holdings being hedged as expected by a Fund, in which case any losses on the holdings being hedged may not be reduced or may be increased. The inability to close options and futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s ability to hedge effectively its portfolio. There is also a risk of loss by a Fund of margin deposits or collateral in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom a Fund has an open position in an option, a futures contract or a related option.
There can be no assurance that a Fund’s hedging strategies will be effective or that hedging transactions will be available to a Fund. A Fund is not required to engage in hedging transactions and a Fund may choose not to do so from time to time.
Risk Factors In Hedging Foreign Currency. Hedging transactions involving Currency Instruments have substantial risks, including correlation risk. While a Fund’s use of Currency Instruments to effect hedging strategies is intended to reduce the volatility of the NAV of a Fund’s shares, the NAV of a Fund’s shares will fluctuate. Moreover, although Currency Instruments will be used with the intention of hedging against adverse currency movements, transactions in Currency Instruments involve the risk that anticipated currency movements will not be accurately predicted and that a Fund’s hedging strategies will be ineffective. To the extent that a Fund hedges against anticipated currency movements that do not occur, a Fund may realize losses and decrease its total return as the result of its hedging transactions. Furthermore, a Fund will only engage in hedging activities from time to time and may not be engaging in hedging activities when movements in currency exchange rates occur.
In connection with its trading in forward foreign currency contracts, a Fund will contract with a foreign or domestic bank, or a foreign or domestic securities dealer, to make or take future delivery of a specified amount of a particular currency. There are no limitations on daily price moves in such forward contracts, and banks and dealers are not required to continue to make markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain banks or dealers have refused to quote prices for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank or dealer is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell. Governmental imposition of credit controls might limit any such forward contract trading. With respect to its trading of forward contracts, if any, a Fund will be subject to the risk of bank or dealer failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a bank or dealer to perform with respect to such contracts. Any such default would deprive a Fund of any profit potential or force a Fund to cover its commitments for resale, if any, at the then market price and could result in a loss to a Fund.
It may not be possible for a Fund to hedge against currency exchange rate movements, even if correctly anticipated, in the event that (i) the currency exchange rate movement is so generally anticipated that a Fund is not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an effective price, or (ii) the currency exchange rate movement relates to a market with respect to which Currency Instruments are not available and it is not possible to engage in effective foreign currency hedging. The cost to a Fund of engaging in foreign currency transactions varies with such factors as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Since transactions in foreign currency exchange usually are conducted on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved.
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HIGH YIELD BONDS (commonly known as “JUNK BONDS”). Junk bonds are debt securities that are rated below investment grade by a NRSRO or are unrated securities that the subadviser believes are of comparable quality. Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, they are high risk investments that may cause income and principal losses for a Fund. The major risks of junk bond investments include the following:
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Junk bonds are issued by less creditworthy issuers. These securities are vulnerable to adverse changes in the issuer's economic condition and to general economic conditions. Issuers of junk bonds may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments or the unavailability of additional financing.
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The issuers of junk bonds may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade bonds. If the issuer experiences financial stress, it may be unable to meet its debt obligations.
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Junk bonds are frequently ranked junior to claims by other creditors. If the issuer cannot meet its obligations, the senior obligations are generally paid off before the junior obligations.
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Junk bonds frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from a Fund before it matures. If an issuer redeems the junk bonds, a Fund may have to invest the proceeds in bonds with lower yields and may lose income.
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Prices of junk bonds are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Negative economic developments may have a greater impact on the prices of junk bonds than on other higher rated fixed income securities.
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Junk bonds may be more illiquid than higher rated fixed income securities even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the junk bond market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted for junk bonds by the dealers. Because they are less liquid, judgment may play a greater role in valuing certain of a Fund’s portfolio securities than in the case of securities trading in a more liquid market.
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A Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.
ILLIQUID INVESTMENTS OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund has adopted a Board approved Liquidity Risk Management Program (“LRMP”) that requires, among other things that a Fund limit its illiquid investments to no more than 15% of its net assets. Illiquid investments are those that, because of the absence of a readily available market or due to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, may not reasonably be expected to be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Liquidity risk is the risk that a Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by a Fund without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in a Fund. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid investments may restrict the ability of a Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where a Fund’s operations require cash, such as when a Fund redeems shares or pays dividends, and could result in a Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring capital losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
A Fund may invest in securities that are not registered (restricted securities) under the 1933 Act. Restricted securities may be sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. As a result of the absence of a public trading market, privately placed securities may be less liquid and more difficult to value than publicly traded securities. To the extent that privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales, due to illiquidity, could be less than those originally paid by a Fund or less than their fair market value. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by a Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, a Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Certain of a Fund’s investments in private placements may consist of direct investments and may include investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in such securities, a Fund may obtain access to material nonpublic information, which may restrict a Fund’s ability to conduct portfolio transactions in such securities.
A Fund may purchase restricted securities that can be offered and sold to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Restricted securities that would otherwise be considered illiquid investments pursuant to a Fund’s LRMP because of legal restrictions on resale to the general public may be traded among qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A. Therefore, these securities, as well as commercial paper that is sold in private placements under Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, may be classified higher than “illiquid” under the LRMP (i.e., “moderately liquid” or “less liquid” investments). However, the liquidity of a Fund’s investments in restricted securities could be impaired if trading does not develop or declines.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS. A Fund may invest in securities sold in IPOs. An IPO is the first sale of stock by a private company to the public. IPOs are often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking capital to expand, but can also be done by large privately owned companies looking to become publicly traded.
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In an IPO, the issuer obtains the assistance of an underwriting firm, which helps it determine what type of security to issue (common or preferred), best offering price and time to bring it to market. The volume of IPOs and the levels at which the newly issued stocks trade in the secondary market are affected by the performance of the stock market overall. If IPOs are brought to the market, availability may be limited and a Fund may not be able to buy any shares at the offering price, or if a Fund is able to buy shares, a Fund may not be able to buy as many shares at the offering price as a Fund would like.
Investing in IPOs entails risks. Importantly, the prices of securities involved in IPOs are often subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than more established stocks. It is difficult to predict what the stock will do on its initial day of trading and in the near future since there is often little historical data with which to analyze the company. Also, most IPOs are of companies going through a transitory growth period, and they are therefore subject to additional uncertainty regarding their future value.
INVESTMENT IN OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES. A Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies (including ETFs), subject to applicable regulatory limits.
Investing in another investment company involves risks similar to those of investing directly in the investment company’s portfolio securities, including the risk that the values of the portfolio securities may fluctuate due to changes in the financial condition of the securities’ issuers and other market factors. An investment company may not achieve its investment objective or execute its investment strategy effectively, which may adversely affect a Fund’s performance.
A Fund will indirectly bear its pro rata share of the fees and expenses incurred by an investment company, including investment companies managed by the Manager, subadviser(s) or an affiliate, in which it invests, including advisory fees (to the extent not offset by the Manager, subadviser(s) or an affiliate through waivers). In addition, a Fund could incur a sales charge in connection with purchasing an investment company security or a redemption fee upon the redemption of such security.
MARKET DISRUPTION AND GEOPOLITICAL RISKS. Market disruption can be caused by economic, financial or political events and factors, including but not limited to, international wars or conflicts (including Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war), geopolitical developments (including trading and tariff arrangements, sanctions and cybersecurity attacks), instability in regions such as Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, terrorism, natural disasters and public health epidemics (including the outbreak of COVID-19 globally).
The extent and duration of such events and resulting market disruptions cannot be predicted, but could be substantial and could magnify the impact of other risks to the Fund. These and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets and lead to increased market volatility, reduced liquidity in the securities markets, significant negative impacts on issuers and the markets for certain securities and commodities and/or government intervention. They may also cause short- or long-term economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively impacted. Further, due to closures of certain markets and restrictions on trading certain securities, the value of certain securities held by the Fund could be significantly impacted, which could lead to such securities being valued at zero.
Global economies and financial markets have become increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that economic, financial or political events and factors in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region or worldwide.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS. A Fund may invest in money market instruments. Money market instruments include cash equivalents and short-term obligations of U.S. banks, non-U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit and short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. Money market instruments also include bankers' acceptances, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and Eurodollar obligations issued or guaranteed by bank holding companies in the U.S., their subsidiaries and non-U.S. branches, by non-U.S. banking institutions, and by the World Bank and other multinational instrumentalities, as well as commercial paper and other short-term obligations of, and variable amount master demand notes, variable rate notes and funding agreements issued by, U.S. and non-U.S. corporations.
OPERATIONAL AND TRADING RISK. Systemic failures in the programs and systems employed by the subadviser, brokers and/or counterparties, exchanges and similar clearance and settlement facilities and other parties could result in mistakes made in the confirmation or settlement of transactions, or in transactions not being properly booked, evaluated or accounted for. The subadviser may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third-party systems. These and other similar disruptions in the subadviser's operations may cause material losses to the Fund.
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The subadviser makes extensive use of computer hardware, systems and software and its activities are exposed to risks caused by failures of IT infrastructure and data. Outright failure of the underlying hardware, operating system, software or network, may leave the subadviser unable to trade either generally or in certain of its strategies, and this may expose it to risk should the outage coincide with turbulent market conditions. To ameliorate this risk, backup and disaster recovery plans have been put in place by the subadviser.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES AND SECURITIES INDICES.
TYPES OF OPTIONS. A Fund may engage in transactions in options on individual securities, baskets of securities or securities indices, or particular measurements of value or rate (an “index”), such as an index of the price of treasury securities or an index representative of short term interest rates. Such investments may be made on exchanges and in OTC markets. In general, exchange-traded options have standardized exercise prices and expiration dates and require the parties to post margin against their obligations, and the performance of the parties' obligations in connection with such options is guaranteed by the exchange or a related clearing corporation. OTC options have more flexible terms negotiated between the buyer and the seller, but generally do not require the parties to post margin and are subject to greater credit risk. OTC options also involve greater liquidity risk. See “Additional Risk Factors of OTC Transactions; Limitations on the Use of OTC Derivatives.”
CALL OPTIONS. A Fund may purchase call options on any of the types of securities or instruments in which it may invest. A call option gives a Fund the right to buy, and obligates the seller to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price at any time during the option period. A Fund also may purchase and sell call options on indices. Index options are similar to options on securities except that, rather than taking or making delivery of securities underlying the option at a specified price upon exercise, an index option gives the holder the right to receive cash upon exercise of the option if the level of the index upon which the option is based is greater than the exercise price of the option.
Certain Funds may only write (i.e., sell) covered call options on the securities or instruments in which it may invest and enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to certain of such options, provided such options are “covered,” as defined herein. A covered call option is an option in which a Fund owns the underlying security or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security, without additional consideration or for additional consideration held in a segregated account by its custodian, upon conversion or exchange of other securities currently held in its portfolio or with respect to which a Fund holds cash or other relatively liquid assets segregated within a Fund’s account at the custodian or in a separate segregation account at the custodian. The principal reason for writing call options is the attempt to realize, through the receipt of premiums, a greater return than would be realized on the securities alone. By writing covered call options, a Fund gives up the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to profit from any price increase in the underlying security above the option exercise price. In addition, a Fund’s ability to sell the underlying security will be limited while the option is in effect unless a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. A closing purchase transaction cancels out a Fund’s position as the writer of an option by means of an offsetting purchase of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has written. Covered call options also serve as a partial hedge to the extent of the premium received against a decline in the price of the underlying security. Also, with respect to call options written by a Fund that are covered only by segregated portfolio securities, a Fund is exposed to the risk of loss equal to the amount by which the price of the underlying securities rises above the exercise price.
PUT OPTIONS. A Fund may purchase put options to seek to hedge against a decline in the value of its securities or to enhance its return. By buying a put option, a Fund acquires a right to sell such underlying securities or instruments at the exercise price, thus limiting a Fund’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the securities or instruments until the put option expires. The amount of any appreciation in the value of the underlying securities or instruments will be partially offset by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and any related transaction costs. Prior to its expiration, a put option may be sold in a closing sale transaction and profit or loss from the sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less than the premium paid for the put option plus the related transaction costs. A closing sale transaction cancels out a Fund’s position as the purchaser of an option by means of an offsetting sale of an identical option prior to the expiration of the option it has purchased. A Fund also may purchase uncovered put options.
A Fund may write (i.e., sell) put options on the types of securities or instruments that may be held by a Fund, provided that such put options are covered (as described above, covered options are secured by cash or other relatively liquid assets held in a segregated account or the referenced security). A Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, which increases a Fund’s return.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (“REITs”). Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, may not be diversified geographically or by property type, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. REITs must also meet certain requirements under the Code to avoid entity level tax and be eligible to pass-through
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certain tax attributes of their income to shareholders. REITs are consequently subject to the risk of failing to meet these requirements for favorable tax treatment and of failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs are also subject to the risks of changes in the Code affecting their tax status.
In addition, between 2018 and 2025, a direct REIT shareholder may claim a 20% “qualified business income” deduction for ordinary REIT dividends, and a RIC may pass through to its shareholders the special character of this income. Ordinary dividends received by each Fund from a REIT will generally not constitute qualified dividend income, which would be eligible for tax at a reduced rate.
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT's investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.
Investing in certain REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. These REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in the S&P 500 Index. The management of a REIT may be subject to conflicts of interest with respect to the operation of the business of the REIT and may be involved in real estate activities competitive with the REIT. REITs may own properties through joint ventures or in other circumstances in which the REIT may not have control over its investments. REITs may incur significant amounts of leverage. A Fund’s investments in REITs may subject the Funds to duplicate management and/or advisory fees.
REAL ESTATE RELATED SECURITIES. Although a Fund may not invest directly in real estate, a Fund may invest in securities of issuers that are principally engaged in the real estate industry. Therefore, an investment by a Fund is subject to certain risks associated with the ownership of real estate and with the real estate industry in general. These risks include, among others: possible declines in the value of real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions; possible lack of availability of mortgage funds or other limitations on access to capital; overbuilding; risks associated with leverage; market illiquidity; extended vacancies of properties; increase in competition, property taxes, capital expenditures and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws or other governmental regulation; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and liability to third parties for damages resulting from, environmental problems; tenant bankruptcies or other credit problems; casualty or condemnation losses; uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters; limitations on and variations in rents, including decreases in market rates for rents; investment in developments that are not completed or that are subject to delays in completion; and unfavorable changes in interest rates. To the extent that assets underlying a Fund’s investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, a Fund may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent.
Investments by a Fund in securities of companies providing mortgage servicing will be subject to the risks associated with refinancings and their impact on servicing rights. In addition, if a Fund receives rental income or income from the disposition of real property acquired as a result of a default on securities a Fund owns, the receipt of such income may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to retain its federal income tax status as a RIC because of certain income source requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. A Fund may invest in securities pursuant to repurchase agreements. A Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties meeting creditworthiness standards as set forth in a Fund’s repurchase agreement procedures.
Under such agreements, the other party agrees, upon entering into the contract with a Fund, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed-upon time and price in a specified currency, thereby determining the yield during the term of the agreement. This results in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuations during such period, although such return may be affected by currency fluctuations. In the case of repurchase agreements, the prices at which the trades are conducted do not reflect accrued interest on the underlying obligation. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser.
In the case of a repurchase agreement, as a purchaser, a Fund will require all repurchase agreements to be fully collateralized at all times by cash or other relatively liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the resale price. The seller is required to provide additional collateral if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase price at any time during the term of the repurchase agreement. In the event of default by the seller under a repurchase agreement construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities are not owned by a Fund but only constitute collateral for the seller's obligation to pay the repurchase price. Therefore, a Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or possible losses in connection with disposition of the collateral.
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A Fund may participate in a joint repurchase agreement account with other investment companies managed by the Manager pursuant to an order of the SEC. On a daily basis, any uninvested cash balances of a Fund may be aggregated with those of such investment companies and invested in one or more repurchase agreements. A Fund participates in the income earned or accrued in the joint account based on the percentage of its investment.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND DOLLAR ROLLS. A Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of a portfolio-eligible security by a Fund, coupled with its agreement to repurchase the instrument at a specified time and price. See “Repurchase Agreements.”
A Fund may enter into dollar rolls. In a dollar roll, a Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date from the same party. During the roll period, a Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the securities. A Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sale price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
Dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by a Fund may decline below the price of the securities sold by a Fund but which a Fund is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. In the event the buyer of securities under a dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce a Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. Cash proceeds from dollar rolls may be invested in cash or other liquid assets.
SHORT SALES AND SHORT SALES AGAINST-THE-BOX. A Fund may make short sales of securities, either as a hedge against potential declines in value of a portfolio security or to realize appreciation when a security that a Fund does not own declines in value. Because making short sales in securities not owned by a Fund exposes a Fund to the risks associated with those securities, such short sales involve speculative exposure risk. As a result, if a Fund makes short sales in securities that increase in value, a Fund will likely underperform similar mutual funds that do not make short sales in securities they do not own. A Fund will incur a loss as a result of a short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which a Fund replaces the borrowed security. A Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those dates. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to close out a short sale position at any particular time or at a desired price. Although a Fund’s gain is limited to the price at which a Fund sold the security short, its potential loss is limited only by the maximum attainable price of the security, less the price at which the security was sold and may, theoretically, be unlimited. There is also a risk that a borrowed security will need to be returned to the broker/dealer on short notice. If the request for the return of a security occurs at a time when other short sellers of the security are receiving similar requests, a “short squeeze” can occur, meaning that a Fund might be compelled, at the most disadvantageous time, to replace the borrowed security with a security purchased on the open market, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received earlier.
A Fund has a short position in the securities sold short until it delivers to the broker/dealer the securities sold, at which time a Fund receives the proceeds of the sale. In addition, a Fund is required to pay to the broker/dealer the amount of any dividends or interest paid on shares sold short. A Fund will normally close out a short position by purchasing on the open market and delivering to the broker/dealer an equal amount of the securities sold short.
A Fund may also make short sales against-the-box. A short sale against-the-box is a short sale in which a Fund owns an equal amount of the securities sold short, or securities convertible or exchangeable for, with or without payment of any further consideration, such securities.
SMALLER OR EMERGING GROWTH COMPANIES. Investment in smaller or emerging growth companies involves greater risk than is customarily associated with investments in more established companies. The securities of smaller or emerging growth companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies or the market average in general. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group.
While smaller or emerging growth company issuers may offer greater opportunities for capital appreciation than large cap issuers, investments in smaller or emerging growth companies may involve greater risks and thus may be considered speculative. The subadviser believes that properly selected companies of this type have the potential to increase their earnings or market valuation at a rate substantially in excess of the general growth of the economy. Full development of these companies and trends frequently takes time.
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Small capitalization and emerging growth securities will often be traded only in the OTC market or on a regional securities exchange and may not be traded every day or in the volume typical of trading on a national securities exchange. As a result, the disposition by a Fund of portfolio securities to meet redemptions or otherwise may require a Fund to make many small sales over a lengthy period of time, or to sell these securities at a discount from market prices or during periods when, in the subadviser's judgment, such disposition is not desirable.
While the process of selection and continuous supervision by the subadviser does not, of course, guarantee successful investment results, it does provide access to an asset class not available to the average individual due to the time and cost involved. Careful initial selection is particularly important in this area as many new enterprises have promise but lack certain of the fundamental factors necessary to prosper. Investing in small capitalization and emerging growth companies requires specialized research and analysis. In addition, many investors cannot invest sufficient assets in such companies to provide wide diversification.
Small companies are generally little known to most individual investors although some may be dominant in their respective industries. The subadviser believes that relatively small companies will continue to have the opportunity to develop into significant business enterprises. A Fund may invest in securities of small issuers in the relatively early stages of business development that have a new technology, a unique or proprietary product or service, or a favorable market position. Such companies may not be counted upon to develop into major industrial companies, but Fund management believes that eventual recognition of their special value characteristics by the investment community can provide above-average long-term growth to the portfolio.
Equity securities of specific small capitalization issuers may present different opportunities for long-term capital appreciation during varying portions of economic or securities markets cycles, as well as during varying stages of their business development. The market valuation of small capitalization issuers tends to fluctuate during economic or market cycles, presenting attractive investment opportunities at various points during these cycles. Smaller companies, due to the size and kinds of markets that they serve, may be less susceptible than large companies to intervention from the federal government by means of price controls, regulations or litigation.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE STRATEGY AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS. A Fund may temporarily invest without limit in money market instruments, including commercial paper of U.S. corporations, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and other obligations of domestic banks, and obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or its instrumentalities, as part of a temporary defensive strategy.
A Fund may invest in money market instruments to maintain appropriate liquidity to meet anticipated redemptions. Money market instruments typically have a maturity of one year or less as measured from the date of purchase. A Fund also may temporarily hold cash or invest in money market instruments pending investment of proceeds from new sales of Fund shares or during periods of portfolio restructuring.
TOTAL RETURN SWAP AGREEMENTS. A Fund may enter into total return swap agreements. Total return swap agreements are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of the underlying assets, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or securities indices during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or market. Total return swap agreements may effectively add leverage to a Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, a Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Total return swap agreements entail the risk that a party will default on its payment obligations to a Fund thereunder. Swap agreements also bear the risk that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligation to the counterparty.
U.S. GOVERNMENT AND AGENCY SECURITIES. A Fund may invest in adjustable rate and fixed rate U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities are instruments issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government. U.S. Government guarantees do not extend to the yield or value of the securities or a Fund’s shares. Not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency.
U.S. Treasury securities include bills, notes, bonds and other debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. These instruments are direct obligations of the U.S. Government and, as such, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. They differ primarily in their interest rates, the lengths of their maturities and the dates of their issuances.
Securities issued by agencies of the U.S. Government or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, including those which are guaranteed by Federal agencies or instrumentalities, may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Obligations of Ginnie Mae, the Farmers Home Administration and the Small Business Administration are backed by the full faith and credit of the United
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States. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, a Fund must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States if the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitments.
A Fund may also invest in component parts of U.S. Government securities, namely either the corpus (principal) of such obligations or one or more of the interest payments scheduled to be paid on such obligations. These obligations may take the form of (1) obligations from which the interest coupons have been stripped; (2) the interest coupons that are stripped; (3) book-entries at a Federal Reserve member bank representing ownership of obligation components; or (4) receipts evidencing the component parts (corpus or coupons) of U.S. Government obligations that have not actually been stripped. Such receipts evidence ownership of component parts of U.S. Government obligations (corpus or coupons) purchased by a third party (typically an investment banking firm) and held on behalf of the third party in physical or book-entry form by a major commercial bank or trust company pursuant to a custody agreement with the third party. A Fund may also invest in custodial receipts held by a third party that are not U.S. Government securities.
WARRANTS AND RIGHTS. Warrants and rights are securities permitting, but not obligating, the warrant holder to subscribe for other securities. Buying a warrant does not make a Fund a shareholder of the underlying stock. The warrant holder has no right to dividends or votes on the underlying stock. A warrant does not carry any right to assets of the issuer, and for this reason investment in warrants may be more speculative than other equity-based investments.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED-DELIVERY SECURITIES AND FORWARD COMMITMENTS. A Fund may purchase or sell securities that a Fund is entitled to receive on a when-issued basis. A Fund may also purchase or sell securities on a delayed-delivery basis or through a forward commitment. When delayed-delivery securities are purchased, the price and interest rate are fixed at the time of purchase. When-issued, delayed-delivery and forward commitment transactions all involve the purchase or sale of securities with payment and delivery taking place in the future. A Fund enters into these transactions to obtain what is considered an advantageous price to a Fund at the time of entering into the transaction. A Fund has not established any limit on the percentage of its assets that may be committed in connection with these transactions.
There can be no assurance that a security purchased on a when-issued basis will be issued or that a security purchased or sold through a forward commitment will be delivered. The value of securities in these transactions on the delivery date may be more or less than a Fund’s purchase price. A Fund may bear the risk of a decline in the value of the security in these transactions and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.
ZERO COUPON SECURITIES, PAY-IN-KIND SECURITIES AND DEFERRED PAYMENT SECURITIES. A Fund may invest in zero coupon securities. Zero coupon securities are securities that are sold at a discount to par value and on which interest payments are not made during the life of the security. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound over the period until maturity on the particular interest payment date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the par value of the security. While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. To the extent a distribution is paid, there may be uncertainty about the source of the distribution. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at the same rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder's ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently, which fluctuation increases the longer the period to maturity. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash. Because these securities do not pay current cash income, their price can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate and an investment in these securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies. If the issuer defaults, a Fund may not obtain any return on its investment. These securities may be subject to less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash interest at regular intervals. A Fund accrues income with respect to these securities for federal income tax and accounting purposes prior to the receipt of cash payments.
Pay-in-kind securities are securities that have interest payable by delivery of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities. Deferred payment securities are securities that remain a zero coupon security until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals. Pay-in-kind and deferred payment securities may be subject to greater fluctuation in value and lesser liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparable rated securities paying cash interest at regular intervals.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 24
In addition to the above described risks, there are certain other risks related to investing in zero coupon, pay-in-kind and deferred payment securities. During a period of severe market conditions, the market for such securities may become even less liquid. In addition, as these securities do not pay cash interest, a Fund’s investment exposure to these securities and their risks, including credit risk, will increase during the time these securities are held in a Fund’s portfolio. Further, to maintain its qualification for pass-through treatment under the federal tax laws, a Fund is required to distribute income to its shareholders and, consequently, may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate the cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash to satisfy these distributions, as they relate to the distribution of phantom income and the value of the paid-in-kind interest. The required distributions will result in an increase in a Fund’s exposure to such securities.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Each Fund has adopted the restrictions listed below as fundamental policies. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy is one that cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of each Fund’s outstanding voting securities. A “majority of each Fund’s outstanding voting securities,” when used in this SAI, means the lesser of (i) 67% of the voting shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding voting shares. Certain Underlying Funds may have different fundamental policies. For more information about the fundamental policies of an Underlying Fund, please see its SAI.
Fundamental Investment Policies
Each Fund’s fundamental investment policies are as follows:
(1) The Fund may borrow money to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(2) The Fund may engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(3) The Fund may lend money or other assets to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(4) The Fund may issue senior securities to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(5) The Fund may purchase or sell real estate to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(6) The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
(7) The Fund will not invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, any exemptive order, SEC release, no-action letter or similar relief or interpretations (collectively, the 1940 Act Laws, Interpretations and Exemptions).
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits each Fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of each Fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to an additional 5% of each Fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. (A fund’s total assets include the amounts being borrowed.) To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires each Fund to maintain an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings, provided that in the event that each Fund’s asset coverage falls below 300%, each Fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings so that it meets the 300% asset coverage threshold within three days (not including Sundays and holidays). Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of each Fund’s total assets (including amounts borrowed), minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to permit each Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit each Fund from engaging in the business of underwriting or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of each Fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of each Fund’s investments in issuers where each Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act. Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Although it is not
25
believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause each Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent each Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether each Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit each Fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) Each Fund will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money. The policy in (3) above will be interpreted not to prevent each Fund from purchasing or investing in structured products, credit instruments, debt obligations and loans or any similar security or financial instrument. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as Fund obligations that have a priority over each Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits each Fund from issuing senior securities except that each Fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of each Fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. Each Fund may also borrow up to an additional 5% of each Fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. Certain trading practices and investments, such as derivatives transactions, may be treated as senior securities under the 1940 Act. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides an exemption from certain limitations on the issuance of senior securities for transactions in derivatives instruments where a Fund complies with the requirements of the rule. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent investments in derivatives or any collateral arrangements associated therewith.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit each Fund from owning real estate; however, each Fund is limited in the amount of illiquid investments it may purchase. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent each Fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, structured products secured by real estate or real estate investment trust securities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit each Fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, each Fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. The policy in (6) above will be interpreted to permit investments in ETFs that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time by the SEC staff. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country; however, each Fund understands that the SEC staff considers securities issued by a foreign government to be in a single industry for purposes of calculating applicable limits on concentration. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to each Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.
For purposes of Investment Restriction (7), each Fund will not consider investment companies to be an industry for purposes of this policy, and a Fund's investment in an investment company that concentrates its investments in a particular industry will not be considered an investment by the Fund in that particular industry. Under this interpretation, each Fund will be permitted to invest 25% or more of its total assets in one or more Underlying Funds that themselves may invest 25% or more of their total assets in a particular industry. As a result, each Fund will be permitted to expose 25% or more of its assets to the risks of the industry in which an Underlying Fund invests. Generally, a more concentrated investment strategy can be riskier and more volatile than a broad diversified strategy.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 26
Each Fund’s fundamental policies will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Each Fund’s non-fundamental investment policies are as follows:
Each Fund may not purchase or otherwise acquire any security if immediately after the acquisition the value of illiquid investments held by each Fund would exceed 15% of each Fund’s net assets. Each Fund monitors the portion of each Fund’s net assets that is invested in illiquid investments on an ongoing basis, not only at the time of investment in such investments.
Each Fund’s investment objective is not a fundamental policy and may be changed without prior approval of shareholders.
Diversification
Each Fund will be “diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act. In general, this means that a Fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of a Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer or (b) a Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, a Fund can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund cannot change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.
INFORMATION ABOUT BOARD MEMBERS AND OFFICERS
Information about Board Members and Officers of the Funds is set forth below. Board Members who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Funds, as defined in the 1940 Act, are referred to as “Independent Board Members.” Board Members who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Funds are referred to as “Interested Board Members.” The Board Members are responsible for the overall supervision of the operations of the Funds and perform the various duties imposed on the directors of investment companies by the 1940 Act. The Board in turn elects the Officers, who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Funds.
|
Independent Board Members |
|
| |
|
Name
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Portfolios Overseen |
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years |
Other Directorships
Held During
Past Five Years |
Length of
Board Service |
|
Ellen S. Alberding
1958
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 100 |
Chief Executive Officer and President, The Joyce
Foundation (charitable foundation) (since
2002); formerly Vice Chair, City Colleges of
Chicago (community college system)
(2011-2015); formerly Trustee, National Park
Foundation (charitable foundation for national
park system) (2009-2018); formerly Trustee,
Economic Club of Chicago (2009-2016);
Trustee, Loyola University (since 2018). |
None. |
Since September 2013 |
|
Kevin J. Bannon
1952
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
Retired; formerly Managing Director (April
2008-May 2015) and Chief Investment Officer
(October 2008-November 2013) of Highmount
Capital LLC (registered investment adviser);
formerly Executive Vice President and Chief
Investment Officer (April 1993-August 2007) of
Bank of New York Company; formerly President
(May 2003-May 2007) of BNY Hamilton Family
of Mutual Funds. |
Director of Urstadt Biddle Properties (equity real
estate investment trust) (September
2008-August 2023). |
Since July 2008 |
27
|
Independent Board Members |
|
| |
|
Name
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Portfolios Overseen |
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years |
Other Directorships
Held During
Past Five Years |
Length of
Board Service |
|
Linda W. Bynoe
1952
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 98 |
President and Chief Executive Officer (since
March 1995) and formerly Chief Operating
Officer (December 1989-February 1995) of
Telemat Limited LLC (formerly Telemat Ltd)
(management consulting); formerly Vice
President (January 1985-June 1989) at Morgan
Stanley & Co. (broker-dealer). |
Trustee of Equity Residential (residential real
estate) (since December 2009); Director of
Northern Trust Corporation (financial services)
(since April 2006); formerly Director of Anixter
International, Inc. (communication products
distributor) (January 2006-June 2020). |
Since March 2005 |
|
Barry H. Evans
1960
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
Retired; formerly President (2005-2016), Global
Chief Operating Officer (2014-2016), Chief
Investment Officer - Global Head of Fixed
Income (1998-2014), and various portfolio
manager roles (1986-2006), Manulife Asset
Management (asset management). |
Formerly Director, Manulife Trust Company
(2011-2018); formerly Director, Manulife Asset
Management Limited (2015-2017); formerly
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Manulife
Asset Management U.S. (2005-2016); formerly
Chairman of the Board, Declaration Investment
Management and Research (2008-2016). |
Since September 2017 |
|
Keith F. Hartstein
1956
Board Member &
Independent Chair
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
Retired; formerly Member (November
2014-September 2022) of the Governing Council
of the Independent Directors Council (IDC)
(organization of independent mutual fund
directors); formerly Executive Committee of the
IDC Board of Governors (October
2019-December 2021); formerly President and
Chief Executive Officer (2005-2012), Senior Vice
President (2004-2005), Senior Vice President of
Sales and Marketing (1997-2004), and various
executive management positions (1990-1997),
John Hancock Funds, LLC (asset management);
formerly Chairman, Investment Company
Institute’s Sales Force Marketing Committee
(2003-2008). |
None. |
Since September 2013 |
|
Laurie Simon Hodrick
1962
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 98 |
A. Barton Hepburn Professor Emerita of
Economics in the Faculty of Business, Columbia
Business School (since 2018); Visiting Fellow at
the Hoover Institution, Stanford University
(since 2015); Sole Member, ReidCourt LLC
(since 2008) (a consulting firm); formerly
Visiting Professor of Law, Stanford Law School
(2015-2021); formerly A. Barton Hepburn
Professor of Economics in the Faculty of
Business, Columbia Business School
(1996-2017); formerly Managing Director,
Global Head of Alternative Investment
Strategies, Deutsche Bank (2006-2008). |
Independent Director, Andela (since January
2022) (global talent network); Independent
Director, Roku (since December 2020)
(communication services); formerly Independent
Director, Synnex Corporation (2019-2021)
(information technology); formerly Independent
Director, Kabbage, Inc. (2018-2020) (financial
services); formerly Independent Director,
Corporate Capital Trust (2017-2018) (a
business development company). |
Since September 2017 |
|
Brian K. Reid
1961
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
Retired; formerly Chief Economist for the
Investment Company Institute (ICI)
(2005-2017); formerly Senior Economist and
Director of Industry and Financial Analysis at
the ICI (1998-2004); formerly Senior Economist,
Industry and Financial Analysis at the ICI
(1996-1998); formerly Staff Economist at the
Federal Reserve Board (1989-1996); formerly
Director, ICI Mutual Insurance Company
(2012-2017). |
None. |
Since March 2018 |
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 28
|
Independent Board Members |
|
| |
|
Name
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Portfolios Overseen |
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years |
Other Directorships
Held During
Past Five Years |
Length of
Board Service |
|
Grace C. Torres
1959
Board Member
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
Retired; formerly Treasurer and Principal
Financial and Accounting Officer of the PGIM
Funds, Target Funds, Advanced Series Trust,
Prudential Variable Contract Accounts and The
Prudential Series Fund (1998-June 2014);
Assistant Treasurer (March 1999-June 2014)
and Senior Vice President (September
1999-June 2014) of PGIM Investments LLC;
Assistant Treasurer (May 2003-June 2014) and
Vice President (June 2005-June 2014) of AST
Investment Services, Inc.; Senior Vice President
and Assistant Treasurer (May 2003-June 2014)
of Prudential Annuities Advisory Services, Inc. |
Director (since January 2018) of OceanFirst
Financial Corp. and OceanFirst Bank; formerly
Director (July 2015-January 2018) of Sun
Bancorp, Inc. N.A. and Sun National Bank. |
Since November 2014 |
|
Interested Board Members | |||
|
Name
Year of Birth
Position(s)
Portfolios Overseen |
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past Five Years |
Other Directorships
Held During
Past Five Years |
Length of
Board Service |
|
Stuart S. Parker
1962
Board Member,
President & Principal
Executive Officer
Portfolios Overseen: 101 |
President, Chief Executive Officer and Officer in
Charge of PGIM Investments LLC (formerly
known as Prudential Investments LLC) (since
January 2012); Chief Operating Officer for PGIM
Investments LLC (January 2012-January 2024);
President and Principal Executive Officer
(“PEO”) (since September 2023) of the PGIM
Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF
Trust; President and PEO (since September
2022) of the PGIM Private Credit Fund;
President and PEO (since March 2022) of the
PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly
Executive Vice President of Jennison Associates
LLC and Head of Retail Distribution of PGIM
Investments LLC (June 2005-December 2011);
Investment Company Institute - Board of
Governors (since May 2012). |
None. |
Since January 2012 |
|
Scott E. Benjamin
1973
Board Member & Vice
President
Portfolios Overseen: 128 |
Executive Vice President (since May 2009) of
PGIM Investments LLC; Vice President (since
June 2012) of Prudential Investment
Management Services LLC; Executive Vice
President (since September 2009) of AST
Investment Services, Inc.; Senior Vice President
of Global Product Management and Marketing,
PGIM Investments (since February 2006); Vice
President (since September 2023) of the PGIM
Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF
Trust; Vice President (since September 2022) of
the PGIM Private Credit Fund; Vice President
(since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real
Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly Vice President of
Product Development and Product Management,
PGIM Investments LLC (2003-2006). |
None. |
Since March 2010 |
29
|
Fund Officers (a) |
|
|
|
Name
Year of Birth
Fund Position |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Length of
Service as Fund Officer |
|
Claudia DiGiacomo
1974
Chief Legal Officer |
Chief Legal Officer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Chief
Legal Officer (since September 2022) of the PGIM Private Credit Fund; Chief Legal Officer (since July 2022) of
the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; Chief Legal Officer, Executive Vice President and Secretary of PGIM
Investments LLC (since August 2020); Chief Legal Officer of Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC (since
August 2020); Chief Legal Officer of PIFM Holdco, LLC (since August 2020); Vice President and Corporate
Counsel (since January 2005) of Prudential; and Corporate Counsel of AST Investment Services, Inc. (since
August 2020); formerly Vice President and Assistant Secretary of PGIM Investments LLC (2005-2020); formerly
Associate at Sidley Austin Brown & Wood LLP (1999-2004). |
Since December 2005 |
|
Andrew Donohue
1972
Chief Compliance Officer |
Chief Compliance Officer (since May 2023) of the PGIM Funds, Target Funds, PGIM ETF Trust, PGIM Global High
Yield Fund, Inc., PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc., PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund,
Advanced Series Trust, The Prudential Series Fund, Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc., PGIM Private Credit Fund,
PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer of AST Investment Services, Inc. (since October
2022); Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer of PGIM Investments LLC (since September 2022); Chief
Compliance Officer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust;
formerly various senior compliance roles within Principal Global Investors, LLC., global asset management for
Principal Financial (2011-2022), most recently as Global Chief Compliance Officer (2016-2022). |
Since May 2023 |
|
Andrew R. French
1962
Secretary |
Vice President (since December 2018) of PGIM Investments LLC; Secretary (since September 2023) of the PGIM
Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Secretary (since September 2022) of the PGIM Private Credit
Fund; Secretary (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly Vice President and
Corporate Counsel (2010-2018) of Prudential; formerly Director and Corporate Counsel (2006-2010) of
Prudential; Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since January 2007) of PGIM Investments LLC; Vice
President and Assistant Secretary (since January 2007) of Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC. |
Since October 2006 |
|
Melissa Gonzalez
1980
Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Corporate Counsel (since September 2018) of Prudential; Vice President and Assistant
Secretary (since August 2020) of PGIM Investments LLC; Assistant Secretary (since September 2023) of the
PGIM Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Assistant Secretary (since September 2022) of the
PGIM Private Credit Fund; Assistant Secretary (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.;
formerly Director and Corporate Counsel (March 2014-September 2018) of Prudential. |
Since March 2020 |
|
Patrick E. McGuinness
1986
Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since August 2020) of PGIM Investments LLC; Director and Corporate
Counsel (since February 2017) of Prudential; Assistant Secretary (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit
Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Assistant Secretary (since September 2022) of the PGIM Private
Credit Fund; Assistant Secretary (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc. |
Since June 2020 |
|
Debra Rubano
1975
Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Corporate Counsel (since November 2020) of Prudential; Assistant Secretary (since
September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Assistant Secretary (since
September 2022) of the PGIM Private Credit Fund; Assistant Secretary (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private
Real Estate Fund, Inc; formerly Director and Senior Counsel of Allianz Global Investors U.S. Holdings LLC
(2010-2020) and Assistant Secretary of numerous funds in the Allianz fund complex (2015-2020). |
Since December 2020 |
|
George Hoyt
1965
Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Corporate Counsel of Prudential (since September 2023); Assistant Secretary (since
September 2023) of the PGIM Rock ETF Trust, PGIM Credit Income Fund, PGIM Private Credit Fund and PGIM
Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton and Secretary and
Chief Legal Officer of certain funds in the Franklin Templeton complex (2020-2023) and Managing Director
(2016-2020) and Associate General Counsel for Legg Mason, Inc. and its predecessors (2004-2020). |
Since December 2023 |
|
Devan Goolsby
1991
Assistant Secretary |
Vice President and Corporate Counsel of Prudential (since May 2023); Assistant Secretary (since September
2023) of the PGIM Rock ETF Trust, PGIM Credit Income Fund, PGIM Private Credit Fund and PGIM Private Real
Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly Associate at Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP (2021-2023); Compliance Officer at
Bloomberg LP (2019-2021); and an Examiner at the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (2015-2019). |
Since December 2023 |
|
Kelly A. Coyne
1968
Assistant Secretary |
Director, Investment Operations of Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC (since 2010); Assistant Secretary
(since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund; Assistant Secretary (since September 2022) of the
PGIM Private Credit Fund; Assistant Secretary (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc. |
Since March 2015 |
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 30
|
Fund Officers(a) |
|
|
|
Name
Year of Birth
Fund Position |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years |
Length of
Service as Fund Officer |
|
Christian J. Kelly
1975
Chief Financial Officer |
Vice President, Global Head of Fund Administration of PGIM Investments LLC (since November 2018); Chief
Financial Officer (since March 2023) of PGIM Investments mutual funds, closed end funds, the PGIM ETF Trust,
and Advanced Series Trust, The Prudential Series Fund and Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc.; Chief Financial
Officer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Chief Financial
Officer of PGIM Private Credit Fund (since September 2022); Chief Financial Officer of PGIM Private Real Estate
Fund, Inc. (since July 2022); formerly Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer (January 2019- March 2023) of
PGIM Investments mutual funds, closed end funds, the PGIM ETF Trust, and Advanced Series Trust, The
Prudential Series Fund and Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc.; formerly Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
(March 2022 – July 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; formerly Director of Fund Administration
of Lord Abbett & Co. LLC (2009-2018), Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer of the Lord Abbett Family of
Funds (2017-2018); Director of Accounting, Avenue Capital Group (2008-2009); Senior Manager, Investment
Management Practice of Deloitte & Touche LLP (1998-2007). |
Since January 2019 |
|
Russ Shupak
1973
Treasurer and Principal Accounting
Officer |
Vice President (since 2017) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; Treasurer and Principal Accounting
Officer of PGIM Investments mutual funds, closed end funds and PGIM ETF Trust (since March 2023); Treasurer
and Principal Accounting Officer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund; Treasurer and
Principal Accounting Officer (since July 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer
(since September 2023) of the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Assistant Treasurer (since September 2022) of the PGIM
Private Credit Fund; formerly Assistant Treasurer (March 2022 – July 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate
Fund, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer of Advanced Series Trust, Prudential Series Funds and Prudential’s Gibraltar
Fund, Inc. (since October 2019); formerly Director (2013-2017) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration. |
Since October 2019 |
|
Lana Lomuti
1967
Assistant Treasurer |
Vice President (since 2007) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; formerly Assistant Treasurer
(December 2007-February 2014) of The Greater China Fund, Inc.; formerly Director (2005-2007) within PGIM
Investments Fund Administration. |
Since April 2014 |
|
Deborah Conway
1969
Assistant Treasurer |
Vice President (since 2017) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; formerly Director (2007-2017)
within PGIM Investments Fund Administration. |
Since October
2019 |
|
Elyse M. McLaughlin
1974
Assistant Treasurer |
Vice President (since 2017) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; Treasurer and Principal Accounting
Officer of the Advanced Series Trust, the Prudential Series Fund and Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc. (since
March 2023); Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Rock ETF Trust;
Assistant Treasurer (since September 2023) of the PGIM Credit Income Fund; Treasurer and Principal
Accounting Officer (since September 2022) of the PGIM Private Credit Fund; Assistant Treasurer (since March
2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer of PGIM Investments mutual funds,
closed end funds and the PGIM ETF Trust (since October 2019); formerly Director (2011-2017) within PGIM
Investments Fund Administration. |
Since October 2019 |
|
Robert W. McCormack
1973
Assistant Treasurer |
Vice President (since 2019) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; Assistant Treasurer (since March
2023) of PGIM Investments mutual funds, closed end funds, PGIM ETF Trust, Advanced Series Trust, Prudential
Series Funds and Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer (since September 2023) of the PGIM
Credit Income Fund and the PGIM Rock ETF Trust; Assistant Treasurer (since September 2022) of the PGIM
Private Credit Fund; Assistant Treasurer (since March 2022) of the PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc.;
formerly Director (2016-2019) within PGIM Investments Fund Administration; formerly Vice President within
Goldman, Sachs & Co. Investment Management Controllers (2008-2016), Assistant Treasurer of Goldman
Sachs Family of Funds (2015-2016). |
Since March 2023 |
|
Kelly Florio
1978
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance
Officer |
Vice President, Corporate Compliance, Global Compliance Programs and Compliance Risk Management (since
December 2021) of Prudential; formerly Head of Fraud Risk Management (October 2019-December 2021) at
New York Life Insurance Company; formerly Head of Key Risk Area Operations (November 2018-October 2019),
Director of the US Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Unit (2009-2018) and Bank Loss Prevention Associate
(2006-2009) at MetLife. |
Since June 2022 |
(a) Excludes Mr. Parker and Mr. Benjamin, interested Board Members who also serve as President and Vice President, respectively.
Explanatory Notes to Tables:
■
Board Members are deemed to be “Interested,” as defined in the 1940 Act, by reason of their affiliation with PGIM Investments LLC and/or an affiliate of PGIM Investments LLC.
■
Unless otherwise noted, the address of all Board Members and Officers is c/o PGIM Investments LLC, 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102-4410.
■
There is no set term of office for Board Members or Officers. The Board Members have adopted a retirement policy, which calls for the retirement of Board Members on December 31 of the year in which they reach the age of 75.
■
“Other Directorships Held” includes all directorships of companies required to register or file reports with the SEC under the 1934 Act (that is, “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.
31
■
“Portfolios Overseen” includes such applicable investment companies managed by PGIM Investments LLC and overseen by the Board Member. The investment companies for which PGIM Investments LLC serves as manager include the PGIM Mutual Funds, Target Funds, PGIM ETF Trust, PGIM Rock ETF Trust, PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc., PGIM Private Credit Fund, PGIM Credit Income Fund, PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc., PGIM Global High Yield Fund, Inc., PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund, The Prudential Series Fund, Prudential's Gibraltar Fund, Inc. and the Advanced Series Trust.
■
As used in the Fund Officers table “Prudential” means The Prudential Insurance Company of America.
COMPENSATION OF BOARD MEMBERS AND OFFICERS. Pursuant to a management agreement with PIP 12 on behalf of the Funds, the Manager pays all compensation of Fund Officers and employees as well as the fees and expenses of all Interested Board Members.
The Funds pay each Independent Board Member annual compensation in addition to certain out-of-pocket expenses. Independent Board Members who serve on Board Committees may receive additional compensation. The amount of annual compensation paid to each Independent Board Member may change as a result of the introduction of additional funds on whose Boards the Board Member may be asked to serve.
Independent Board Members may defer receipt of their fees pursuant to a deferred fee agreement with the Funds. Under the terms of the agreement, the Funds accrue deferred Board Members' fees daily which, in turn, accrue interest at a rate equivalent to the prevailing rate of 90-day U.S. Treasury Bills at the beginning of each calendar quarter or at the daily rate of return of any mutual fund managed by PGIM Investments chosen by the Board Member. Payment of the interest so accrued is also deferred and becomes payable at the option of the Board Member. The obligation to make payments of deferred Board Members' fees, together with interest thereon, is a general obligation of the Funds. The Funds do not have a retirement or pension plan for Board Members.
The following table sets forth the estimated aggregate compensation expected to be paid by the Funds for the most recent fiscal year to the Independent Board Members for service on the Board, and the Board of any other investment company in the Fund Complex for the most recently completed calendar year. Board Members and officers who are “interested persons” of the Funds (as defined in the 1940 Act) do not receive compensation from PGIM Investments-managed funds and therefore are not shown in the following table.
|
Name |
Aggregate Fiscal Year
Compensation from Funds*** |
Pension or Retirement Benefits
Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits
Upon Retirement |
Total Compensation from Funds
and Fund Complex for Most
Recent Calendar Year |
|
Compensation Received by Independent Board Members | ||||
|
Ellen S. Alberding** |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$314,000 (30/100)* |
|
Kevin J. Bannon |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$336,000 (31/101)* |
|
Linda W. Bynoe |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$316,000 (29/98)* |
|
Barry H. Evans** |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$375,000 (31/101)* |
|
Keith F. Hartstein |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$413,000 (31/101)* |
|
Laurie Simon Hodrick** |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$337,000 (29/98)* |
|
Brian K. Reid |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$376,000 (31/101)* |
|
Grace C. Torres |
$3,600 |
None |
None |
$372,000 (31/101)* |
Explanatory Notes to Board Member Compensation Tables
* Compensation relates to portfolios that were in existence for any period during 2023. Number of funds and portfolios represent those in existence as of December 31, 2023, and excludes funds that have merged or liquidated during the year. Additionally, the number of funds and portfolios includes those which are approved as of December 31, 2023, but may commence operations after that date. No compensation is paid out from such funds/portfolios.
** Under the deferred fee agreement for the PGIM Investments-managed funds, certain Board Members have elected to defer all or part of their total compensation. The amount of compensation deferred during the calendar year ended December 31, 2023, amounted to $290,950, $347,010, and $316,660 for Ms. Alberding, Mr. Evans and Ms. Hodrick, respectively. Under the deferred fee arrangement, these amounts are deposited into a trust held for the benefit of participating Board Members and are not continuing obligations of the Fund.
*** Because the funds are new, information is estimated for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.
*** Because the funds are new, information is estimated for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.
BOARD COMMITTEES. The Board has established four standing committees in connection with Fund governance—Audit, Nominating and Governance, Investment, and Compliance. Information on the membership of each standing committee and its functions is set forth below.
Audit Committee: The Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is not an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act. The responsibilities of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board in overseeing the Funds' independent registered public accounting firm, accounting policies and procedures and other areas relating to the Funds' auditing processes. The Audit Committee is responsible for pre-approving all audit services and any permitted non-audit services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm directly to the Funds. The Audit Committee is also responsible for pre-approving permitted services to be provided by the independent registered public accounting firm to (1) the Manager and (2) any entity in a control relationship with the Manager that provides ongoing services to the Funds, provided that the engagement of the independent registered public accounting
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 32
firm relates directly to the operation and financial reporting of the Funds. The scope of the Audit Committee's responsibilities is oversight. It is management's responsibility to maintain appropriate systems for accounting and internal control and the independent registered public accounting firm's responsibility to plan and carry out an audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). The number of Audit Committee meetings held during the Funds' most recently completed fiscal year is set forth in the table below.
The membership of the Audit Committee is set forth below:
Grace Torres (Chair)
Linda Bynoe
Barry Evans
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Brian Reid
Grace Torres (Chair)
Linda Bynoe
Barry Evans
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Brian Reid
Nominating and Governance Committee: The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board is responsible for nominating Board Members and making recommendations to the Board concerning Board composition, committee structure and governance, director education, and governance practices. The Board has determined that each member of the Nominating and Governance Committee is not an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act. The number of Nominating and Governance Committee meetings held during the Funds' most recently completed fiscal year is set forth in the table below. The Nominating and Governance Committee Charter is available on the Funds' website.
The membership of the Nominating and Governance Committee is set forth below:
Kevin Bannon (Chair)
Ellen Alberding
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Laurie Simon Hodrick
Kevin Bannon (Chair)
Ellen Alberding
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Laurie Simon Hodrick
Investment Committees: The Board of each fund in the PGIM retail funds complex has formed joint committees to review the performance of each fund in the Fund Complex. The Gibraltar Investment Committee reviews the performance of each fund that is subadvised by Jennison Associates LLC, PGIM Quantitative Solutions LLC, PGIM DC Solutions LLC, and PGIM Wadhwani LLP. The Dryden Investment Committee reviews the performance of each fund that is subadvised by PGIM Fixed Income, PGIM Real Estate (each of which is a business unit of PGIM, Inc.), PGIM Limited and PGIM Real Estate (UK) Limited. In addition, the Dryden Investment Committee reviews the performance of the closed-end funds. Each committee meets at least four times per year and reports the results of its review to the full Board of each fund at each regularly scheduled Board meeting. Every Independent Board Member sits on one of the two Investment Committees.
The number of Gibraltar Investment Committee or Dryden Investment Committee meetings, as applicable, held during the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year is set forth in the table below.
The membership of the Gibraltar Investment Committee and the Dryden Investment Committee is set forth below:
Gibraltar Investment Committee
Laurie Simon Hodrick (Chair)
Linda Bynoe
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Grace Torres
Gibraltar Investment Committee
Laurie Simon Hodrick (Chair)
Linda Bynoe
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Grace Torres
Dryden Investment Committee
Barry Evans (Chair)
Ellen Alberding
Kevin Bannon
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Brian Reid
Barry Evans (Chair)
Ellen Alberding
Kevin Bannon
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Brian Reid
Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee serves as the liaison between the Board and the Funds' Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). In its role as liaison, the Compliance Committee assists the Board in overseeing compliance matters and administration. The Compliance Committee's responsibilities include, among other matters, considering any material compliance matter reported by the CCO between meetings of the Board and receiving reports on any investigations into matters within the Committee's scope of responsibilities.
The number of Compliance Committee meetings held during the Funds' most recently completed fiscal year is set forth in the table below.
33
The membership of the Compliance Committee is set forth below:
Brian Reid (Chair)
Barry Evans
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Grace Torres
Brian Reid (Chair)
Barry Evans
Keith Hartstein (ex-officio)
Grace Torres
|
Board Committee Meetings (for most recently completed fiscal year) | |||
|
Audit Committee |
Nominating & Governance Committee |
Dryden & Gibraltar Investment
Committees |
Compliance Committee |
|
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
*Because the Fund is new this information is not yet available.
LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE AND QUALIFICATIONS OF BOARD MEMBERS. The Board is responsible for oversight of the Funds. The Funds have engaged the Manager to manage the Funds on a day-to-day basis. The Board oversees the Manager and certain other principal service providers in the operations of the Funds. The Board is currently composed of ten members, eight of whom are Independent Board Members. The Board meets in-person at regularly scheduled meetings four times throughout the year. In addition, the Board Members may meet in-person or by telephone at special meetings or on an informal basis at other times. As described above, the Board has established four standing committees—Audit, Nominating and Governance, Investment and Compliance—and may establish ad hoc committees or working groups from time to time, to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. The Independent Board Members have also engaged independent legal counsel to assist them in fulfilling their responsibilities.
The Board is chaired by an Independent Board Member. As Chair, this Independent Board Member leads the Board in its activities. Also, the Chair acts as a member or as an ex-officio member of each standing committee and any ad hoc committee of the Board. The Board Members have determined that the Board's leadership and committee structure is appropriate because the Board believes it sets the proper tone to the relationships between the Funds, on the one hand, and the Manager, the subadviser(s) and certain other principal service providers, on the other, and facilitates the exercise of the Board's independent judgment in evaluating and managing the relationships. In addition, the structure efficiently allocates responsibility among committees.
The Board has concluded that, based on each Board Member's experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Board Members, each Board Member should serve as a Board Member. Among other attributes common to all Board Members are their ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the various service providers to the Funds, and to exercise reasonable business judgment in the performance of their duties as Board Members. In addition, the Board has taken into account the actual service and commitment of the Board Members during their tenure in concluding that each should continue to serve. A Board Member's ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through a Board Member's educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a Board Member of the Funds, other funds in the Fund Complex, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; or other experiences or a combination of the foregoing. Set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Board Member that led the Board to conclude that he or she should serve as a Board Member.
Ellen S. Alberding. Ms. Alberding joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2013. Ms. Alberding has over 30 years of experience in the non-profit sector, including over 20 years as the president of a charitable foundation, where she oversees multiple investment managers. Ms. Alberding also served as a Trustee of the Aon Funds from 2000 to 2003.
Kevin J. Bannon. Mr. Bannon joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2008. Mr. Bannon has held senior executive positions in the financial services industry, including serving as a senior executive of asset management firms, for over 25 years.
Linda W. Bynoe. Ms. Bynoe has been a Board Member of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex since 2005, having served on the boards of other mutual fund complexes since 1993. She has worked in the financial services industry over 20 years, has over 30 years of experience as a management consultant and serves as a Director of financial services and other complex global corporations.
Barry H. Evans. Mr. Evans joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2017. Mr. Evans has held senior executive positions and various portfolio manager roles in an asset management firm for 30 years.
Keith F. Hartstein. Mr. Hartstein joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2013. Mr. Hartstein has worked in the asset management industry for 30 years and served as a senior executive in an asset management firm.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 34
Laurie Simon Hodrick. Ms. Hodrick joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2017. Ms. Hodrick brings more than 30 years of experience as a finance academic, practitioner, and consultant.
Brian K. Reid. Mr. Reid joined the Board of the Funds and the other funds in the Fund Complex in 2018. Mr. Reid has more than 30 years of experience in economics and related fields, including serving as Chief Economist for the Investment Company Institute (“ICI”) for 13 years.
Grace C. Torres. Ms. Torres joined the Board of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex in 2014. Ms. Torres formerly served as Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer for the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex for 16 years and held senior positions with the Manager from 1999 to 2014. In addition, Ms. Torres is a certified public accountant (“CPA”).
Stuart S. Parker. Mr. Parker, who has served as an Interested Board Member and President of the Funds and the other funds in the Fund Complex since 2012, is President, Chief Executive Officer and Officer in Charge of PGIM Investments and several of its affiliates that provide services to the Fund and has held senior positions in PGIM Investments since 2005.
Scott E. Benjamin. Mr. Benjamin, an Interested Board Member of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex since 2010, serves as Executive Vice President of the Funds and other funds in the Fund Complex and has held senior positions in PGIM Investments since 2003.
Specific details about each Board Member's professional experience appear in the professional biography tables, above.
Risk Oversight. Investing in general and the operation of a mutual fund involve a variety of risks, such as investment risk, illiquidity risk, compliance risk, and operational risk, among others. The Board oversees risk as part of its oversight of the Funds. Risk oversight is addressed as part of various regular Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through its committees, reviews reports from among others, the Manager, subadvisers, the Funds' Chief Compliance Officer, the Funds' independent registered public accounting firm, counsel, and internal auditors of the Manager or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the Funds and the risk management programs of the Manager and certain service providers. The actual day-to-day risk management with respect to the Funds resides with the Manager and other service providers to the Funds. Although the risk management policies of the Manager and the service providers are designed to be effective, those policies and their implementation vary among service providers and over time, and there is no guarantee that they will be effective. Not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified or processes and controls developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and some risks are simply beyond any control of the Funds or the Manager, its affiliates or other service providers.
Selection of Board Member Nominees. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for considering nominees for Board Members at such times as it considers electing new members to the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee may consider recommendations by business and personal contacts of current Board Members, and by executive search firms which the Committee may engage from time to time and will also consider shareholder recommendations. The Nominating and Governance Committee has not established specific, minimum qualifications that it believes must be met by a nominee. In evaluating nominees, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers, among other things, an individual's background, skills, and experience; whether the individual is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act; and whether the individual would be deemed an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of applicable SEC rules. The Nominating and Governance Committee also considers whether the individual's background, skills, and experience will complement the background, skills, and experience of other nominees and Board Members and will contribute to the diversity of the Board. There are no differences in the manner in which the Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates nominees for the Board based on whether the nominee is recommended by a shareholder.
A shareholder who wishes to recommend a board member for nomination should submit his or her recommendation in writing to the Chair of the Board or the Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee, in either case in care of the specified Fund(s), at 655 Broad Street, 6th Floor, Newark, New Jersey 07102-4410. At a minimum, the recommendation should include: the name, address and business, educational and/or other pertinent background of the person being recommended; a statement concerning whether the person is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act; any other information that the Funds would be required to include in a proxy statement concerning the person if he or she was nominated; and the name and address of the person submitting the recommendation, together with the number of Fund shares held by such person and the period for which the shares have been held. The recommendation also can include any additional information which the person submitting it believes would assist the Nominating and Governance Committee in evaluating the recommendation.
Shareholders should note that a person who owns securities issued by Prudential (the parent company of the Funds' Manager) would be deemed an “interested person” under the 1940 Act. In addition, certain other relationships with Prudential or its subsidiaries, with registered broker-dealers, or with the Funds' outside legal counsel may cause a person to be deemed an “interested person.” Before the Nominating and Governance Committee decides to nominate an individual to the Board, Committee members and other Board
35
Members customarily interview the individual in person. In addition, the individual customarily is asked to complete a detailed questionnaire which is designed to elicit information which must be disclosed under SEC and stock exchange rules and to determine whether the individual is subject to any statutory disqualification from serving on the board of a registered investment company.
Share Ownership. Information relating to each Board Member's Fund share ownership and in all registered funds in the PGIM Investments-advised funds that are overseen by the respective Board Member as of the most recently completed calendar year is set forth in the chart below.
|
Name |
Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in the Funds |
Aggregate Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in All
Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by
Board Member in Fund Complex |
|
Board Member Share Ownership: Independent Board Members | ||
|
Ellen S. Alberding |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Kevin J. Bannon |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Linda W. Bynoe |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Barry H. Evans |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Keith F. Hartstein |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Laurie Simon Hodrick |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Brian K. Reid |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Grace C. Torres |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Board Member Share Ownership: Interested Board Members | ||
|
Stuart S. Parker |
None |
Over $100,000 |
|
Scott E. Benjamin |
None |
Over $100,000 |
None of the Independent Board Members, or any member of his/her immediate family, owned beneficially or of record any securities in an investment adviser or principal underwriter of a Fund or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of a Fund as of the most recently completed calendar year.
Shareholder Communications with Board Members. Shareholders can communicate directly with Board Members by writing to the Chair of the Board, c/o the Funds, 655 Broad Street, 6th Floor, Newark, New Jersey 07102-4410. Shareholders can communicate directly with an individual Board Member by writing to that Board Member, c/o the Funds, 655 Broad Street, 6th Floor, Newark, New Jersey 07102-4410. Such communications to the Board or individual Board Members are not screened before being delivered to the addressee.
MANAGEMENT & ADVISORY ARRANGEMENTS
MANAGER. The Manager’s address is 655 Broad Street, Newark, NJ 07102-4410. The Manager serves as manager to all of the other investment companies that, together with the Funds, comprise the PGIM Funds. See the Prospectus for more information about PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”). As of February 29, 2024, the Manager served as the investment manager to all of the Prudential U.S. and offshore open-end investment companies, and as administrator to closed-end investment companies, with aggregate assets of approximately $302.2 billion.
The Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PIFM Holdco LLC, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of PGIM Holding Company LLC, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential. PMFS, an affiliate of PGIM Investments, serves as the transfer agent and dividend distribution agent for the PGIM Funds and, in addition, provides customer service, record keeping and management and administrative services to qualified plans.
Pursuant to a management agreement with the Trust on behalf of the Funds (the “Management Agreements”), PGIM Investments, subject to the supervision of the Board and in conformity with the stated policies of the applicable Fund, manages both the investment operations of the Fund and the composition of the Fund's respective portfolio, including the purchase, retention, disposition and loan of securities and other assets. In connection therewith, the Manager is obligated to keep certain books and records of the Fund. The Manager is authorized to enter into subadvisory agreements for investment advisory services in connection with the management of the Funds. The Manager will continue to have responsibility for all investment advisory services performed pursuant to any such subadvisory agreements. PGIM Investments will review the performance of the subadviser(s) and make recommendations to the Board with respect
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 36
to the retention of subadvisers and the renewal of contracts. The Manager also administers the Funds' corporate affairs and, in connection therewith, furnishes the Funds with office facilities, together with those ordinary clerical and bookkeeping services which are not being furnished by the Funds' custodian (the “Custodian”) and PMFS. The management services of PGIM Investments to the Funds are not exclusive under the terms of the Management Agreements and PGIM Investments is free to, and does, render management services to others.
PGIM Investments may from time to time waive all or a portion of its management fee and subsidize all or a portion of the operating expenses of the Funds. Fee waivers and subsidies will increase the Funds' total return. These voluntary waivers may be terminated at any time without notice. To the extent that PGIM Investments agrees to waive its fee or subsidize the Funds' expenses, it may enter into a relationship agreement with the subadviser to share the economic impact of the fee waiver or expense subsidy.
In connection with its management of the corporate affairs of the Funds, PGIM Investments bears the following expenses:
■
the salaries and expenses of all of its and the Funds' personnel except the fees and expenses of Independent Board Members;
■
all expenses incurred by the Manager or the Funds in connection with managing the ordinary course of the Funds' business, other than those assumed by the Funds as described below; and
■
the fees, costs and expenses payable to any subadviser pursuant to a subadvisory agreement between PGIM Investments and such subadviser.
Under the terms of the Management Agreements, each Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses:
■
the fees and expenses incurred by the Fund in connection with the management of the investment and reinvestment of the Fund’s assets payable to the Manager;
■
the fees and expenses of Independent Board Members;
■
the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian and transfer and dividend disbursing agent, including the cost of providing records to the Manager in connection with its obligation of maintaining required records of the Fund and of pricing the Fund’s shares;
■
the charges and expenses of the Fund’s legal counsel and independent auditors and legal counsel to the Independent Board Members;
■
brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities (and futures, if applicable) transactions;
■
all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies;
■
the fees of any trade associations of which the Fund may be a member;
■
the cost of share certificates representing, and/or non-negotiable share deposit receipts evidencing, shares of the Fund;
■
the cost of fidelity, directors and officers and errors and omissions insurance;
■
the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of its shares with the SEC and paying notice filing fees under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Funds' registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes; allocable communications expenses with respect to investor services and all expenses of shareholders' and Board meetings and of preparing, printing and mailing reports and notices to shareholders; and
■
litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business and distribution and service (12b-1) fees.
The Management Agreements provide that PGIM Investments will not be liable for any error of judgment by PGIM Investments or for any loss suffered by the Funds in connection with the matters to which the Management Agreements relates, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services (in which case any award of damages shall be limited to the period and the amount set forth in Section 36(b)(3) of the 1940 Act) or loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of duties. The Management Agreements provides that it will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the 1940 Act), and that it may be terminated without penalty by either PGIM Investments or the Funds by the Board or vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Funds (as defined in the 1940 Act) upon not more than 60 days' nor less than 30 days' written notice. The Management Agreements will continue in effect for a period of more than two years from the date of execution only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
Fees payable under the Management Agreements are computed daily and paid monthly. The applicable fee rate under the Management Agreements is set forth below.
Management Fee Rate
The Management Fee rate for each of the Funds is:
The Management Fee rate for each of the Funds is:
0.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Since the Funds are newly-organized, they did not pay management fees during the last three fiscal years.
37
SUBADVISORY ARRANGEMENTS. The Manager has entered into subadvisory agreements (“Subadvisory Agreements”) with the Funds' subadviser. The Subadvisory Agreements provide that the subadviser will furnish investment advisory services in connection with the management of the Funds. In connection therewith, the subadviser is obligated to keep certain books and records of the Funds. Under the Subadvisory Agreements, the subadviser, subject to the supervision of PGIM Investments, is responsible for managing the assets of the Funds in accordance with the Funds' respective investment objectives, investment program and policies. The subadviser determines what securities and other instruments are purchased and sold for the Funds and is responsible for obtaining and evaluating financial data relevant to the Funds. PGIM Investments continues to have responsibility for all investment advisory services pursuant to the respective Management Agreements and supervises the subadviser's performance of such services.
As discussed in the Prospectus, PGIM Investments employs the subadviser under a “manager of managers” structure that allows PGIM Investments to replace the subadviser or amend a Subadvisory Agreement without seeking shareholder approval. Each Subadvisory Agreements provide that they will terminate in the event of their assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act) or upon the termination of the Management Agreement. Each Subadvisory Agreement may be terminated by the applicable Fund, the Board, PGIM Investments, or the subadviser upon not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice. Each Subadvisory Agreement provides that it will continue in effect for a period of not more than two years from its execution only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. Any new subadvisory agreement or amendment to a Fund’s Management Agreement or Subadvisory Agreement that directly or indirectly results in an increase in the aggregate management fee rate payable by the applicable Fund will be submitted to the Fund’s shareholders for their approval. PGIM Investments does not currently intend to retain unaffiliated subadvisers.
The applicable fee rates payable by PGIM Investments are set forth below. Subadvisory fees are based on the average daily net assets of each Fund, calculated and paid on a monthly basis, at the fee rate as set forth in each Subadvisory Agreement. Subadvisory fees are paid by PGIM Investments out of the management fee that it receives from each Fund.
Subadvisory Fee Rate
The Subadvisory Fee for each of the Funds is:
0.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Since the Funds are newly-organized, they did not pay subadvisory fees during the last three fiscal years.
THE FUNDS’ PORTFOLIO MANAGERS: INFORMATION ABOUT OTHER ACCOUNTS MANAGED
The table below identifies the number and total assets of other registered investment companies and other types of investment accounts managed by each portfolio manager. For each category, the number of investment accounts and total assets in the investment accounts whose fees are based on performance, if any, is indicated in italics typeface. Information shown below is as of each Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, unless noted otherwise.
|
Other Funds and Investment Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers* | |||||
|
Fund |
Subadviser |
Portfolio Manager |
Registered Investment
Companies** |
Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles** |
Other Accounts** |
|
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
David Blanchett, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Jeremy Stempien |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Joel Kallman, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
David Blanchett, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Jeremy Stempien |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Joel Kallman, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund |
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
David Blanchett, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Jeremy Stempien |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
|
|
|
Joel Kallman, CFA |
12/$377,248,123 |
12/$882,991,407 |
None |
* Accounts are managed on a team basis. If a portfolio manager is a member of a team, any account managed by that team is included in the number of accounts and total assets for such portfolio manager (even if such portfolio manager is not primarily involved in the day-to-day management of the account).
**Information is as of December 31, 2023 and represents the target date mutual funds and commingled trust funds managed by the PGIM DC Solutions LLC portfolio management team.
**Information is as of December 31, 2023 and represents the target date mutual funds and commingled trust funds managed by the PGIM DC Solutions LLC portfolio management team.
THE FUNDS’ PORTFOLIO MANAGERS: PERSONAL INVESTMENTS AND FINANCIAL INTERESTS
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 38
The table below identifies the dollar value (in ranges) of investments beneficially held by, and financial interests awarded to, each portfolio manager, if any, in the Fund and in other investment accounts managed by, or which have an individual portion or sleeve managed by, each portfolio manager that utilize investment strategies, objectives and policies similar to the Fund. Information shown below is as of each Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, unless noted otherwise.
|
Personal Investments and Financial Interests of the Portfolio Managers | ||
|
Subadviser |
Portfolio Managers |
Investments and Other Financial Interests
in the Fund and Similar Strategies* |
|
PGIM DC Solutions LLC |
David Blanchett, CFA |
None** |
|
|
Jeremy Stempien |
None** |
|
|
Joel Kallman, CFA |
None** |
*“Investments and Other Financial Interests in the Fund and Similar Strategies” include the indicated Fund and all other investment accounts which are managed by the same portfolio manager that utilize investment strategies, investment objectives and policies that are similar to those of the Fund. “Other Investment Accounts” in similar strategies include other Prudential mutual funds, insurance company separate accounts, and collective and commingled trusts. “Investments” include holdings in the Fund and in investment accounts in similar strategies, including shares or units that may be held through a 401(k) plan and/or deferred compensation plan. “Other Financial Interests” include interests in the Fund and in investment accounts in similar strategies resulting from awards under an investment professional’s long-term compensation plan, where such awards track the performance of certain strategies and are subject to increase or decrease based on the annual performance of such strategies.
The dollar ranges for each Portfolio Manager's investment in the Funds are as follows: David Blanchett, CFA: None; Jeremy Stempien: None; Joel Kallman, CFA: None.
**Information is as of December 31, 2023.
**Information is as of December 31, 2023.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PORTFOLIO MANAGERS—COMPENSATION AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. Set forth below is an explanation of the structure of, and methods used to determine, portfolio manager compensation. Also set forth below is an explanation of any material conflicts of interest that may arise between a portfolio manager's management of the Fund's investments and investments in other accounts.
PGIM DC SOLUTIONS LLC (“PGIM DC Solutions”)
COMPENSATION. PGIM DC Solutions’ team is compensated through a combination of base salary, a performance-based discretionary annual cash incentive bonus and an annual long-term incentive grant. PGIM DC Solutions and its affiliates regularly use third party surveys to compare its compensation program against leading asset management firms to monitor competitiveness.
An investment professional's incentive compensation, including both the annual cash bonus and long-term incentive grant, is largely driven by such person's contribution to our goal of providing investment performance to clients consistent with portfolio objectives, guidelines and risk parameters, as well as such person's qualitative contributions to the organization.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. Like other investment advisers, PGIM DC Solutions is subject to various conflicts of interest in the ordinary course of its business. PGIM DC Solutions strives to identify potential risks, including conflicts of interest, that are inherent in its business, and conducts annual conflict of interest reviews. When actual or potential conflicts of interest are identified, PGIM DC Solutions seeks to address such conflicts through one or more of the following methods:
■
Elimination of the conflict;
■
Disclosure of the conflict; or
■
Management of the conflict through the adoption of appropriate policies and procedures.
PGIM DC Solutions follows Prudential Financial’s Standards on business ethics, personal securities trading, and information barriers. PGIM DC Solutions has adopted a code of ethics, allocation policies and conflicts of interest policies, among others, and has adopted supervisory procedures to monitor compliance with its policies. PGIM DC Solutions cannot guarantee, however, that its policies and procedures will detect and prevent, or result in the disclosure of, each and every situation in which a conflict may arise.
PGIM DC Solutions’ Relationships with Affiliates and Related Conflicts of Interest
As an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, PGIM DC Solutions is part of a diversified, global financial services organization. PGIM DC Solutions is affiliated with many types of U.S. and non-U.S. financial service providers, including insurance companies, broker-dealers, commodity trading advisors, commodity pool operators and other investment advisers. Some of its employees are officers of and/or provide services to some of these affiliates.
Conflicts Related to Multi-Asset Services. PGIM DC Solutions performs asset allocation services as subadviser for affiliated mutual funds managed or co-managed by PGIM Investments. In many cases, under these arrangements, we allocate assets to an asset class within which funds, vehicles or accounts that we directly manage will be selected. In these circumstances, we generally receive both an asset
39
allocation fee and a management fee. As a result, we have an incentive to allocate assets to an asset class or vehicle that our affiliates manage in order to increase our fees. The compliance group reviews the asset allocation services to determine that the investments were made within the established guidelines by asset class.
Our affiliates can have an incentive to seek to influence our asset allocation decisions, for example to facilitate hedging or improve profit margins. Through training and the establishment of communication barriers, however, we seek to avoid any influence by our affiliates and implement our asset allocation decisions solely in what we believe to be the best interests of the funds and in compliance with applicable guidelines.
Conflicts Related to Service Providers. PGIM DC Solutions retains third party advisors and other service providers to provide various services for PGIM DC Solutions as well as for funds that PGIM DC Solutions manages or subadvises. A service provider may provide services to PGIM DC Solutions or one of its funds while also providing services to PGIM, Inc. (PGIM) other PGIM-advised funds, or affiliates of PGIM, and may negotiate rates in the context of the overall relationship. PGIM DC Solutions may benefit from negotiated fee rates offered to its funds and vice-versa. There is no assurance, however, that PGIM DC Solutions will be able to obtain advantageous fee rates from a given provider negotiated by its affiliates based on their relationship with the service provider, or that it will know of such negotiated fee rates.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
CUSTODIAN. The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY”), 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as Custodian for each Fund’s portfolio securities and cash, and in that capacity, maintains certain financial accounting books and records pursuant to an agreement with each Funds. Subcustodians provide custodial services for any non-U.S. assets held outside the United States.
TRANSFER AGENT. PMFS, 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, serves as the transfer and dividend disbursing agent of each Fund. PMFS is an affiliate of the Manager. PMFS provides customary transfer agency services to the Funds, including the handling of shareholder communications, the processing of shareholder transactions, the maintenance of shareholder account records, the payment of dividends and distributions, and related functions. For these services, PMFS receives compensation from the Funds and is reimbursed for its transfer agent expenses which include an annual fee and certain out-of-pocket expenses including, but not limited to, postage, stationery, printing, allocable communication expenses and other costs.
BNY Mellon Asset Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNYAS”), 301 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, serves as sub-transfer agent to each Fund. PMFS has contracted with BNYAS to provide certain administrative functions to PMFS. PMFS will compensate BNYAS for such services.
Because each Fund is new, no payments have been made for services provided by PMFS.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), 300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017-6204, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for each Fund, and in that capacity will audit the annual financial statements for the next fiscal year.
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES
DISTRIBUTOR. Prudential Investment Management Services LLC (“PIMS” or the “Distributor”), 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102-4410, acts as the distributor of all the shares of each Fund. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Prudential. PIMS incurs the expenses of distributing Class R6 shares of the Fund. None of the expenses incurred by PIMS in distributing Class R6 shares of the Fund are reimbursed or paid for by the Fund.
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, each Fund has agreed to indemnify the Distributor to the extent permitted by applicable law against certain liabilities under federal securities laws.
FEE WAIVERS AND SUBSIDIES. PGIM Investments may from time to time waive or subsidize all or a portion of the operating expenses of the Funds. Fee waivers and subsidies will increase the Funds' total return.
COMPUTATION OF OFFERING PRICE PER SHARE
Because each Fund is new, this information is not available.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS & BROKERAGE
The Funds have adopted a policy pursuant to which the Funds and their Manager, subadviser and principal underwriter are prohibited from directly or indirectly compensating a broker-dealer for promoting or selling Fund shares by directing brokerage transactions to that broker. The Funds have adopted procedures for the purpose of deterring and detecting any violations of the policy. The policy permits
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 40
the Funds, the Manager and the subadviser to use selling brokers to execute transactions in portfolio securities so long as the selection of such selling brokers is the result of a decision that executing such transactions is in the best interest of the Funds and is not influenced by considerations about the sale of Fund shares. For purposes of this section, the term “Manager” includes the subadviser.
The Manager is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities, futures contracts and options on such securities and futures for the Funds, the selection of brokers, dealers and futures commission merchants to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. On a national securities exchange, broker-dealers may receive negotiated brokerage commissions on Fund portfolio transactions, including options, futures, and options on futures transactions and the purchase and sale of underlying securities upon the exercise of options. On a non-U.S. securities exchange, commissions may be fixed. Orders may be directed to any broker or futures commission merchant including, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable laws, one of the Manager's affiliates (an affiliated broker). Brokerage commissions on U.S. securities, options and futures exchanges or boards of trade are subject to negotiation between the Manager and the broker or futures commission merchant.
In the OTC market, securities are generally traded on a “net” basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter's concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments and U.S. Government agency securities may be purchased directly from the issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid. The Funds will not deal with an affiliated broker in any transaction in which an affiliated broker acts as principal except in accordance with the rules of the SEC.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of the Funds, the Manager's overriding objective is to obtain the best possible combination of favorable price and efficient execution. The Manager seeks to effect such transaction at a price and commission that provides the most favorable total cost of proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. The factors that the Manager may consider in selecting a particular broker, dealer or futures commission merchant (firms) are the Manager's knowledge of negotiated commission rates currently available and other current transaction costs; the nature of the portfolio transaction; the size of the transaction; the desired timing of the trade; the activity existing and expected in the market for the particular transaction; confidentiality; the execution, clearance and settlement capabilities of the firms; the availability of research and research-related services provided through such firms; the Manager's knowledge of the financial stability of the firms; the Manager's knowledge of actual or apparent operational problems of firms; and the amount of capital, if any, that would be contributed by firms executing the transaction. Given these factors, the Funds may pay transaction costs in excess of that which another firm might have charged for effecting the same transaction.
When the Manager selects a firm that executes orders or is a party to portfolio transactions, relevant factors taken into consideration are whether that firm has furnished research and research-related products and/or services, such as research reports, research compilations, statistical and economic data, computer databases, quotation equipment and services, research-oriented computer software and services, reports concerning the performance of accounts, valuations of securities, investment-related periodicals, investment seminars and other economic services and consultations. Such services are used in connection with some or all of the Manager's investment activities; some of such services, obtained in connection with the execution of transactions for one investment account, may be used in managing other accounts, and not all of these services may be used in connection with the Funds. The Manager maintains an internal allocation procedure to identify those firms who have provided it with research and research-related products and/or services, and the amount that was provided, and to endeavor to direct sufficient commissions to them to ensure the continued receipt of those services that the Manager believes provide a benefit to the Funds and their other clients. The Manager makes a good faith determination that the research and/or service is reasonable in light of the type of service provided and the price and execution of the related portfolio transactions.
When the Manager deems the purchase or sale of equities to be in the best interests of the Funds or their other clients, including Prudential, the Manager may, but is under no obligation to, aggregate the transactions in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the transactions, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Manager in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. The allocation of orders among firms and the commission rates paid are reviewed periodically by the Funds' Board. Portfolio securities may not be purchased from any underwriting or selling syndicate of which any affiliate, during the existence of the syndicate, is a principal underwriter (as defined in the 1940 Act), except in accordance with rules of the SEC. This limitation, in the opinion of the Funds, will not significantly affect the Funds' ability to pursue their present investment objectives. However, in the future in other circumstances, the Funds may be at a disadvantage because of this limitation in comparison to other funds with similar objectives but not subject to such limitations.
Subject to the above considerations, an affiliate may act as a broker or futures commission merchant for the Funds. In order for an affiliate of the Manager to effect any portfolio transactions for the Funds, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by the affiliated broker must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to other firms in connection
41
with comparable transactions involving similar securities or futures being purchased or sold on an exchange or board of trade during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow the affiliated broker to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated firm in a commensurate arm's-length transaction. Furthermore, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Board Members, has adopted procedures which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to the affiliated broker (or any affiliate) are consistent with the foregoing standard. In accordance with Section 11(a) of the 1934 Act, an affiliate may not retain compensation for effecting transactions on a national securities exchange for the Funds unless the Funds have expressly authorized the retention of such compensation. The affiliate must furnish to the Funds at least annually a statement setting forth the total amount of all compensation retained by the affiliate from transactions effected for the Funds during the applicable period. Brokerage transactions with an affiliated broker are also subject to such fiduciary standards as may be imposed upon the affiliate by applicable law. Transactions in options by the Funds will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges governing the maximum number of options which may be written or held by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options are written or held on the same or different exchanges or are written or held in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which the Funds may write or hold may be affected by options written or held by the Manager and other investment advisory clients of the Manager. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.
The Funds may participate in a voluntary commission recapture program available through Capital Institutional Services, Inc. (CAPIS). A subadviser participating in the program retains the responsibility to seek best execution and is under no obligation to place any specific trades with a broker available through the program (each, a designated broker). A portion of commissions on trades executed through designated brokers is rebated to the Funds as a credit that can be used by the Funds to pay expenses of the Funds.
Because each Fund is new, it does not disclose its payment of commissions because it has not yet completed a fiscal year.
The Funds are required to disclose their holdings of securities of their regular brokers and dealers (as defined under Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act) and their parents as of the most recently completed fiscal year. Because the Funds are new, the Funds held no securities of their regular brokers and dealers as of the most recently completed fiscal year.
The below table shows the Funds’ portfolio turnover rates over the two most recently completed fiscal years:
|
Portfolio Turnover Rate |
|
|
|
Fund Name |
2024 |
2023 |
|
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund |
N/A |
N/A |
|
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund |
N/A |
N/A |
|
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund |
N/A |
N/A |
Note: Because the Funds are new, this information is not available.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FUND HISTORY. The Trust was established as a Delaware statutory trust on October 24, 1997. On June 30, 2003, the name of the Trust was changed from Prudential Real Estate Securities Fund to Strategic Partners Real Estate Securities Fund. On May 27, 2005, the name of the Trust was changed from Strategic Partners Real Estate Securities Fund to Strategic Partners Real Estate Fund. On January 3, 2007, the Trust's name changed to Dryden Global Real Estate Fund. On February 16, 2010, the Trust's name changed to Prudential Global Real Estate Fund. Effective September 17, 2010, the Trust's name changed to Prudential Investment Portfolios 12. On June 11, 2018, Prudential Global Real Estate Fund changed its name to PGIM Global Real Estate Fund and the Class Q shares were renamed Class R6.
A second series of the Trust, Prudential US Real Estate Fund, was established on September 15, 2010 and commenced operations in December 2010. On June 11, 2018, Prudential US Real Estate Fund changed its name to PGIM US Real Estate Fund and the Class Q shares were renamed Class R6.
The third and fourth series of the Trust, Prudential Short Duration Muni High Income Fund and Prudential Long-Short Equity Fund, respectively, were each established on March 5, 2014, and commenced operations in May 2014. On June 11, 2018, Prudential Short Duration Muni High Income Fund changed its name to PGIM Short Duration Muni High Income Fund, and the Class Q shares were renamed Class R6.
Effective December 31, 2015, Prudential Long-Short Equity Fund changed its name to Prudential QMA Long-Short Equity Fund. On June 11, 2018, Prudential QMA Long-Short Equity Fund changed its name to PGIM QMA Long-Short Equity Fund, and the Class Q shares were renamed Class R6.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 42
Prudential QMA Large-Cap Core Equity PLUS Fund was established in June 2017 and commenced operations on September 19, 2017. On June 11, 2018, Prudential QMA Large-Cap Core Equity PLUS Fund changed its name to PGIM QMA Large-Cap Core Equity PLUS Fund and the Class Q shares were renamed Class R6.
PGIM Jennison Technology Fund was established in March 2018 and commenced operations on June 19, 2018.
Effective April 1, 2020, PGIM Short Duration Muni High Income Fund changed its name to PGIM Short Duration Muni Fund.
PGIM Jennison NextGeneration Global Opportunities Fund was established in June 2021 and commenced operations on September 14, 2021.
PGIM Jennison International Small-Mid Cap Opportunities Fund was established in June 2021 and commenced operations on September 14, 2021.
PGIM QMA Large-Cap Core Equity PLUS Fund was liquidated on August 23, 2021.
PGIM QMA Long-Short Equity Fund was liquidated on November 23, 2021.
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund, PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund and PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund were established on January 19, 2024, and commenced operations on April 3, 2024.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES AND ORGANIZATION. The PGIM Global Real Estate Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into seven classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class R, Class Z, Class R2, Class R4 and Class R6 shares.
The PGIM US Real Estate Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into four classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class Z and Class R6 shares.
The PGIM Short Duration Muni Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into four classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class Z and Class R6 shares.
The PGIM Jennison Technology Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into four classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class Z and Class R6 shares.
The PGIM Jennison NextGeneration Global Opportunities Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into four classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class Z and Class R6 shares.
The PGIM Jennison International Small-Mid Cap Opportunities Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, currently divided into four classes, designated as Class A, Class C, Class Z and Class R6 shares.
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund, PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund and PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund are authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, with one class, designated as Class R6 shares.
Each class of shares represents an interest in the same assets of a Fund and is identical in all respects except that (1) each class is subject to different sales charges and distribution and/or service fees (except for Class Z and Class R6 shares, which are not subject to any sales charges and distribution and/or service fees), which may affect performance, (2) each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its distribution arrangement and has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class, (3) each class has a different exchange privilege, (4) only Class C shares have a conversion feature and (5) Class Z, Class R, Class R2, Class R4 and Class R6 shares are offered exclusively for sale to a limited group of investors. In accordance with the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Board Members may authorize the creation of additional series and classes within such series, with such preferences, privileges, limitations and voting and dividend rights as the Board Members may determine. The voting rights of the shareholders of a series or class can be modified only by the vote of shareholders of that series or class.
Shares of each Fund, when issued, are fully paid, nonassessable, fully transferable and redeemable at the option of the holder. Shares are also redeemable at the option of a Fund under certain circumstances. Each share of each class is equal as to earnings, assets and voting privileges, except as noted above, and each class of shares (with the exception of Class Z and Class R6 shares, which are not subject to any distribution or service fees) bears the expenses related to the distribution of its shares. Except for the conversion feature applicable to the Class C shares, there are no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights. In the event of liquidation, each share
43
of the Fund is entitled to its portion of all of the Fund's assets after all debt and expenses of the Fund have been paid. Since Class C shares generally bear higher distribution expenses than Class A, Class R and Class R2 shares, the liquidation proceeds to shareholders of those classes are likely to be lower than to Class A, Class R and Class R2 shareholders and to Class Z, Class R4 and Class R6 shareholders, whose shares are not subject to any distribution and/or service fees. Class R4 shares are subject to shareholder service fees.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders unless otherwise required by law. The Trust will not be required to hold meetings of shareholders unless, for example, the election of Board Members is required to be acted on by shareholders under the 1940 Act. Shareholders have certain rights, including the right to call a meeting upon the vote of 10% of the Trust's outstanding shares entitled to vote for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Board Members.
Under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the Board Members may authorize the creation of additional series of shares (the proceeds of which would be invested in separate, independently managed portfolios with distinct investment objectives and policies and share purchase, redemption and net asset value procedures) with such preferences, privileges, limitations and voting and dividend rights as the Board Members may determine. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional series, and all assets in which such consideration is invested, would belong to that series (subject only to the rights of creditors of that series) and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto.
The Board Members have the power to alter the number and the terms of office of the Board Members, provided that always at least a majority of the Board Members have been elected by the shareholders of the Trust. The voting rights of shareholders are not cumulative, so that holders of more than 50 percent of the shares voting can, if they choose, elect all Board Members being selected, while the holders of the remaining shares would be unable to elect any Board Members.
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS AND CONTROL PERSONS
PGIM Investments LLC or an affiliate will own all (100%) initial seed capital shares of each Funds as of the date of this SAI and shall be deemed a control person of each Funds. PGIM Investments is a New York limited liability company. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% of a Fund may be able to determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of each Funds. As of the date of this SAI, the Board Members and Officers of each Fund, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Fund.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Because each Fund is new, no financial information is available. When available, each Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports will be available upon request and without charge.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 44
PART II
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF FUND SHARES
SHARE CLASSES. The Funds may offer shares of one or more classes to investors. Not every share class described in this SAI may be offered, and investors should consult their Prospectus for specific information concerning the share classes that are available to them.
Shares of the Funds may be purchased at a price equal to the next determined NAV per share plus a sales charge (if applicable) which, at the election of the investor, may be imposed either (1) at the time of purchase (Class A shares) or (2) on a deferred basis (Class C shares or Class A shares, in certain circumstances). Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, Class R6, and Class Z shares, if offered, are offered only to a limited group of investors at NAV without any sales charges.
Additional or different classes of shares may also be offered, including Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R4, Class R5, and Class R6. If offered, specific information with respect to these share classes is set forth in the Prospectus and SAI.
For more information, see “How to Buy, Sell and Exchange Fund Shares—How to Buy Shares” in the Prospectus.
PURCHASE BY WIRE. For an initial purchase of shares of the Funds by wire, you must complete an application and telephone PMFS at (800) 225-1852 (toll-free) to receive an account number. PMFS will request the following information: your name, address, tax identification number, Fund name, class election (if applicable), dividend distribution election, amount being wired and wiring bank. PMFS will also furnish you with instructions for wiring the funds from your bank to the Funds' Custodian.
If you arrange for receipt by the Custodian of federal funds prior to the calculation of NAV (once each business day at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time), on a business day, you may purchase shares of the Funds as of that day. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day's NAV if your order to purchase is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
In making a subsequent purchase order by wire, you should wire the Custodian directly and should be sure that the wire specifies the Fund’s name, the share class to be purchased, your name, individual account number, Direct Deposit Account (DDA) Number and the Fund's Bank Account registration. You do not need to call PMFS to make subsequent purchase orders utilizing federal funds. The minimum amount for subsequent purchase by wire is $100.
ISSUANCE OF FUND SHARES FOR SECURITIES. Transactions involving the issuance of Fund shares for securities (rather than cash) will be limited to (1) reorganizations, (2) statutory mergers, or (3) other acquisitions of portfolio securities that: (a) meet the investment objectives and policies of the Funds, (b) are liquid and not subject to restrictions on resale, (c) have a value that is readily ascertainable via listing on or trading in a recognized United States or international exchange or market, and (d) are approved by the Funds' Manager.
MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS. An institution may open a single master account by filing an application with PMFS, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual subaccounts may be opened at the time the master account is opened by listing them, or they may be added at a later date by written advice. Procedures will be available to identify subaccounts by name and number within the master account name. The foregoing procedures would also apply to related institutional accounts (i.e., accounts of shareholders with a common institutional or corporate parent). The investment minimums as set forth in the relevant Prospectus under “How to Buy and Sell Fund Shares—How to Buy Shares” are applicable to the aggregate amounts invested by a group, and not to the amount credited to each subaccount.
REOPENING AN ACCOUNT. Subject to the minimum investment restrictions, an investor may reopen an account, without filing a new application, at any time during the calendar year the account is closed, provided that the information on that application is still applicable.
RESTRICTIONS ON SALE OF FUND SHARES. The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment may be postponed for a period of up to seven days. Suspensions or postponements may not exceed seven days except at times (1) when the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekends and holidays, (2) when trading on the NYSE is restricted, (3) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of Fund securities is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Funds fairly to determine the value of their net assets, or (4) during any other period when the SEC, by order, so permits; provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC shall govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (2), (3) or (4) exist.
REDEMPTION IN KIND. The Funds may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of securities from the investment portfolio of the Funds, in lieu of cash, in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC and procedures adopted by the Board. Securities will be readily marketable and will be valued in the same manner as in a regular redemption. If your shares are redeemed in
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kind, you would incur transaction costs in converting the assets into cash, and you would bear all market risk relating to the securities until the securities are sold. The Funds, however, have elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, under which the Funds are obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the NAV of the Funds during any 90-day period for any one shareholder.
RIGHTS OF ACCUMULATION. Reduced sales charges are also available through Rights of Accumulation, under which an investor or an eligible group of related investors, as described under “Reducing or Waiving Class A's Initial Sales Charge” in the Prospectus, may aggregate the value of their existing holdings of Class A and Class C shares of the Fund and shares of other PGIM Funds (excluding money market funds other than those acquired pursuant to the exchange privilege) to determine the reduced sales charge. However, the value of shares held directly with PMFS and through your broker will not be aggregated to determine the reduced sales charge. The value of existing holdings for purposes of determining the reduced sales charge is calculated using the maximum offering price (NAV plus maximum sales charge). The Distributor, your broker or PMFS must be notified at the time of purchase that the investor is entitled to a reduced sales charge. Reduced sales charges will be granted subject to confirmation of the investor's holdings. This does not apply to PGIM Government Money Market Fund.
SALE OF SHARES. You can redeem your shares at any time for cash at the NAV next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (in accordance with procedures established by PMFS in connection with investors' accounts) by PMFS or your broker or other financial intermediary. See “Net Asset Value” below. In certain cases, however, redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”), as described in “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge” below. If you are redeeming your shares through a broker, your broker must receive your sell order before the NAV is computed for that day (at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) in order to receive that day's NAV. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day's NAV if your order to sell is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your broker will be responsible for furnishing all necessary documentation to the Distributor and may charge you for its services in connection with redeeming shares of the Funds.
All correspondence and documents concerning redemptions should be sent to the Funds in care of PMFS, P.O. Box 534432, Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432 or to your broker or other financial intermediary.
If you hold shares in non-certificate form, a written request for redemption signed by you exactly as the account is registered is required. If you hold certificates, the certificates must be received by PMFS, the Distributor or your broker in order for the redemption request to be processed. If redemption is requested by a corporation, partnership, trust or fiduciary, written evidence of authority acceptable to PMFS must be submitted before such request will be accepted. All correspondence and documents concerning redemptions should be sent to the Funds in care of PMFS, P.O. Box 534432, Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432, to the Distributor or to your broker.
Payment for redemption of recently purchased shares may be delayed until the Funds or PMFS has been advised that the purchase check has been honored, which may take up to 7 calendar days from the time of receipt of the purchase check by PMFS. Such delay may be avoided by purchasing shares by wire or by certified or cashier's check.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEE. If the proceeds of the redemption (1) exceed $100,000, (2) are to be paid to a person other than the record owner, (3) are to be sent to an address other than the address on PMFS’ records, (4) are to be paid to a corporation, partnership, trust or fiduciary, or (5) are to be paid due to the death of the shareholder or on behalf of the shareholder, and your shares are held directly with PMFS, the signature(s) on the redemption request or stock power must be Medallion signature guaranteed. The Medallion signature guarantee must be obtained from an authorized officer of a bank, broker, dealer, securities exchange or association, clearing agency, savings association, or credit union that is participating in one of the recognized Medallion programs (STAMP, SEMP, or NYSE MSP), but not from a notary public. The Medallion signature guarantee must be appropriate for the dollar amount of the transaction. The Fund may change the signature guarantee requirements from time to time without prior notice to shareholders. PMFS reserves the right to reject transactions where the value of the transaction exceeds the value of the surety coverage indicated on the Medallion imprint. PMFS also reserves the right to request additional information from, and make reasonable inquires of, any institution that provides a Medallion signature guarantee. In the case of redemptions from a PruArray Plan, if the proceeds of the redemption are invested in another investment option of the plan in the name of the record holder and at the same address as reflected in PMFS’ records, a Medallion signature guarantee is not required.
Under normal market conditions, payment for shares presented for redemption will be made by check within seven days after receipt by PMFS or your broker of the written request and certificates, if issued, except as indicated below. If you hold shares through a broker, payment for shares presented for redemption will be credited to your account at your broker, unless you indicate otherwise. Such payment may be postponed or the right of redemption suspended at times (1) when the NYSE is closed for other than customary weekends and holidays, (2) when trading on the NYSE is restricted, (3) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 46
Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (4) during any other period when the SEC, by order, so permits; provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC shall govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (2), (3) or (4) exist.
EXPEDITED REDEMPTION PRIVILEGE. By electing the Expedited Redemption Privilege, you may arrange to have redemption proceeds sent to your bank account. The Expedited Redemption Privilege may be used to redeem shares in an amount of $100 or more, except if an account for which an expedited redemption is requested has an NAV of less than $100, the entire account will be redeemed. Redemption proceeds in the amount of $500 or more will be remitted by wire to your bank account at a domestic commercial bank which is a member of the Federal Reserve system. The money would generally be received by your bank within one business day of the redemption. Redemption proceeds of less than $500 will be sent by ACH to your bank which must be a member of the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) system. The money would generally be received by your bank within three business days of the redemption. Any applicable CDSC will be deducted from the redemption proceeds. Expedited redemption requests may be made by telephone or letter, must be received by the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time to receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV and are subject to the terms and conditions as set forth in the Prospectus regarding redemption of shares. In the event that regular trading on the NYSE closes before 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, you will receive the following day's NAV if your order to sell is received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. For more information, see “How to Buy, Sell and Exchange Fund Shares-Telephone Redemptions or Exchanges” in the Prospectus. The Expedited Redemption Privilege may be modified or terminated at any time without notice. To receive further information, shareholders should contact PMFS.
INVOLUNTARY REDEMPTION. If the value of your account with PMFS is less than $500 for any reason, PMFS may sell the rest of your shares (without charging any CDSC) and close your account. The involuntary sale provisions do not apply to: (i) an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other qualified or tax-deferred retirement plan or account, (ii) Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) accounts, employee savings plan accounts or payroll deduction plan accounts, (iii) accounts under the same registration with multiple share classes in the Fund whose combined value exceeds $500, or (iv) clients with assets more than $50,000 across the PGIM Funds. “Client” for this purpose has the same definition as for purposes of Rights of Accumulation, i.e., an investor and an eligible group of related investors.
PMFS has the right to reject any purchase order (including an exchange into a Fund) or suspend or modify a Fund's sales of its shares under certain circumstances. These circumstances include, but are not limited to, failure by you to provide additional information requested, such as information required to verify the source of funds used to purchase shares, your identity or the identity of any underlying beneficial owners of your shares. Furthermore, PMFS is required by law to close your account if you do not provide the required identifying information; this would result in the redemption of shares at the then-current day's NAV and the proceeds would be remitted to you via check. PMFS will attempt to verify your identity within a reasonable time frame (e.g., 60 days) which may change from time to time.
ACCOUNT MAINTENANCE FEE. In order to offset the disproportionate effect (in basis points) of expenses associated with servicing lower balance accounts, if the value of your Class A, Class C, Class Z, Class R2 or R5 account with PMFS is less than $10,000, a $15 annual account maintenance fee (“account maintenance fee”) will be deducted from your account. The account maintenance fee will be assessed during the 4th calendar quarter of each year. Any applicable CDSC on the shares redeemed to pay the account maintenance fee will be waived. The account maintenance fee will not be charged on: (i) accounts during the first six months from inception of the account, (ii) accounts for which you have elected to receive your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, and fund shareholder reports electronically rather than by mail, (iii) omnibus accounts or other accounts for which the dealer is responsible for recordkeeping, (iv) institutional accounts, (v) group retirement plans (including SIMPLE IRA plans, profit-sharing plans, money purchase pension plans, Keogh plans, defined compensation plans, defined benefit plans and 401(k) plans), (vi) AIP accounts or employee savings plan accounts, (vii) accounts with the same registration associated with multiple share classes within the Fund, provided that the aggregate value of share classes with the same registration within the Fund is $10,000 or more, or (viii) clients with assets of $50,000 or more across the PGIM Funds. “Client” for this purpose has the same definition as for purposes of Rights of Accumulation, i.e., an investor and an eligible group of related investors or other financial intermediary.
NET ASSET VALUE
The price an investor pays for the Funds' shares is based on the share value. The share value—known as the net asset value per share or NAV—is determined by subtracting Fund liabilities from the value of Fund assets and dividing the remainder by the number of outstanding shares. NAV is calculated separately for each class. The Funds will compute their NAV once each business day at the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. For purposes of computing NAV, the Funds will value futures contracts generally 15 minutes after the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The Funds may not compute their NAV on days on which no orders to purchase, sell or exchange shares of the Funds have been received or on days on which changes in the value of the Funds' portfolio securities do not materially affect NAV. The Funds will not treat an intraday unscheduled disruption in NYSE trading as a closure of the NYSE and will price its shares as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, if the particular disruption directly affects only the NYSE. Please see the NYSE website (www.nyse.com) for a specific list of the holidays on which the NYSE is closed.
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The Fund’s portfolio securities are valued based upon market quotations or, if market quotations are not readily available, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Manager, as the Board's valuation designee. In this capacity, the Manager has adopted methodologies for determining the fair value of certain types of securities and other assets held by the Fund that do not have quoted market prices, including the use of other pricing sources, such as bid prices supplied by a principal market maker and evaluated prices supplied by pricing vendors that employ analytic methodologies that take into account the prices of similar securities and other market factors. In determining a security's value, the Fund generally uses the following methodologies. Securities included on the NASDAQ Market are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”) on the day of valuation, or if there was no NOCP, at the last sale price. NASDAQ Market Securities for which there was no NOCP or last sale price are valued at the mean between the last bid and asked prices on the day of valuation, or the last bid price in the absence of an asked price. Open-end, non-exchange traded mutual funds are valued at their net asset value as determined as of the close of the NYSE on the date of valuation. Corporate bonds (other than convertible debt securities) and U.S Government securities that are actively traded in the OTC market, including listed securities for which the primary market is believed by the Manager in consultation with the subadviser to be over-the-counter, are valued on the basis of valuations provided by an independent pricing agent which uses information with respect to transactions in bonds, quotations from bond dealers, agency ratings, market transactions in comparable securities and various relationships between securities in determining value. Convertible debt securities that are actively traded in the over-the-counter market, including listed securities for which the primary market is believed by the Manager in consultation with the subadviser to be OTC, are valued on the day of valuation at an evaluated bid price provided by an independent pricing agent, or, in the absence of valuation provided by an independent pricing agent, at the bid price provided by a principal market maker or primary market dealer.
Options on securities and securities indices that are listed on an exchange are valued at the last sale price on such exchange on the day of valuation or, if there was no such sale on such day, at the mean between the most recently quoted bid and asked prices on such exchange or at the last bid price in the absence of an asked price. Where exchange trading has halted on exchange-traded call or put options, the last available traded price may be used for a period of no longer than five business days. On the sixth business day, such options may be valued at zero in the absence of trading, when such options are “out of the money” by more than 5% of the value of the underlying asset and expire within 14 calendar days of the valuation date.
Futures contracts and options thereon traded on a commodities exchange or Board of Trade shall be valued on the day of valuation at the last sale price at the close of trading on such exchange or Board of Trade or, if there was no sale on the applicable exchange or Board of Trade on such date, at the mean between the most recently quoted bid and asked prices on such exchange or Board of Trade or at the last bid price in the absence of an asked price. Quotations of non-U.S. securities in a non-U.S. currency are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents at the current rate obtained from a recognized bank, dealer or independent service, and forward currency exchange contracts are valued at the current cost of covering or offsetting such contacts. Should an extraordinary event, which is likely to affect the value of the security, occur after the close of an exchange on which a portfolio security is traded, such security will be valued at fair value considering factors determined in good faith by the Manager.
In addition, the Funds use a service provided by a pricing vendor to fair value non-U.S. securities, which are securities that are primarily traded in non-U.S. markets and subject to a valuation adjustment upon the reaching of a valuation “trigger”. The fair value prices of non-U.S. securities reflect an adjustment to closing market prices that is intended to reflect the causal link between movements in the U.S. market and the non-U.S. market on which the securities trade.
The use of fair value pricing procedures involves subjective judgments, and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different from the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Funds could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if the security were sold at approximately the same time at which the NAV per share is determined.
Generally, futures contracts will be valued at the close of trading for those contracts (normally 15 minutes after the close of regular trading on the NYSE). If, in the judgment of the Manager, the closing price of a contract is materially different from the contract price at the NYSE close, a fair value price for the contract will be determined.
If dividends are declared daily, the NAV of each class of shares will generally be the same. It is expected, however, that the dividends, if any, will differ by approximately the amount of the distribution and/or service fee expense accrual differential among the classes.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
Upon the initial purchase of Fund shares, a Shareholder Investment Account is established for each investor under which a record of the shares is maintained by PMFS. Share certificates are no longer issued for shares of the Funds. The Funds furnish to shareholders the following privileges and plans:
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AUTOMATIC REINVESTMENT OF DIVIDENDS AND/OR DISTRIBUTIONS. For the convenience of investors, all dividends and distributions are automatically reinvested in full and fractional shares of the Funds at NAV per share. An investor may direct PMFS in writing not less than five full business days prior to the record date to have subsequent dividends and/or distributions sent in cash rather than reinvested. In the case of recently purchased shares for which registration instructions have not been received by the record date, cash payment will be made directly to the broker. Any shareholder who receives dividends or distributions in cash may subsequently reinvest any such dividend or distribution at NAV by returning the check or the proceeds to PMFS within 30 days after the payment date. Such reinvestment will be made at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of the check or the proceeds by PMFS. Shares purchased with reinvested dividends and/or distributions will not be subject to any CDSC upon redemption.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES. The Funds furnish to shareholders the privilege of exchanging their shares of the Funds for shares of certain other PGIM Funds, as disclosed in each Fund’s Prospectus, including one or more specified money market funds, subject in each case to the minimum investment requirements of such funds. Shares of such other PGIM Funds may also be exchanged for shares of the Funds. All exchanges are made on the basis of the relative NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. An exchange will be treated as a redemption and purchase for federal income tax purposes. Shares may be exchanged for shares of another fund only if shares of such fund may legally be sold under applicable state laws. For retirement and group plans having a limited menu of PGIM Funds, the exchange privilege is available for those funds eligible for investment in the particular program.
It is contemplated that the exchange privilege may be applicable to new PGIM Funds, the shares of which may be distributed by the Distributor.
In order to exchange shares by telephone, you must authorize telephone exchanges on your initial application form or by written notice to PMFS and hold shares in non-certificated form. Thereafter, you may call the Funds at (800) 225-1852 to execute a telephone exchange of shares. For your protection and to prevent fraudulent exchanges, your telephone call will be recorded and you will be asked to authenticate your account. A written confirmation of the exchange transaction will be sent to you. Neither the Funds nor their agents will be liable for any loss, liability or cost which results from acting upon instructions reasonably believed to be genuine under the foregoing procedures. All exchanges will be made on the basis of the relative NAV of the two funds next determined after the request is received in good order.
If you hold shares through a brokerage firm, you must exchange your shares by contacting your financial adviser.
If you hold share certificates, the certificates must be returned in order for the shares to be exchanged. See “Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Fund Shares—Sale of Shares” above.
You may also exchange shares by mail by writing to PMFS, P.O. Box 534432, Pittsburgh, PA 15253-4432.
In periods of severe market or economic conditions the telephone exchange of shares may be difficult to implement and you should make exchanges by mail by writing to PMFS at the address noted above.
Class R6 shares: Class R6 shares may be exchanged for Class R6 shares of other PGIM Funds (except the PGIM Target Date Funds).
Additional details about the exchange privilege and prospectuses for each of the PGIM Funds are available from PMFS, the Distributor or your broker. The special exchange privilege may be modified, terminated or suspended on sixty days' notice, and the Funds, or the Distributor, have the right to reject any exchange application relating to the Funds' shares.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN (“AIP”). Under AIP, an investor may arrange to have a fixed amount automatically invested in shares of the Funds by authorizing his or her bank account or brokerage account to be debited to invest specified dollar amounts in shares of the Funds. The investor's bank must be a member of the Automated Clearing House System.
Further information about this program and an application form can be obtained from PMFS, the Distributor or your broker.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN. A Systematic Withdrawal Plan is available to shareholders through the PMFS or your broker. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan provides for monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual redemptions in any amount, except as provided below, up to the value of the shares in the shareholder's account. Systematic withdrawals of Class A (in certain instances), Class C shares may be subject to a CDSC. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan is not available to participants in certain retirement plans. Please contact PMFS at (800) 225-1852 for more details.
PMFS, the Distributor or your broker acts as an agent for the shareholder in redeeming sufficient full and fractional shares to provide the amount of the systematic withdrawal payment. The Systematic Withdrawal Plan may be terminated at any time.
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Systematic withdrawals should not be considered as dividends, yield or income. If systematic withdrawals continuously exceed reinvested dividends and distributions, the shareholder's original investment will be correspondingly reduced and ultimately exhausted.
Furthermore, each withdrawal constitutes a redemption of shares, and any gain or loss realized must be recognized for federal income tax purposes. In addition, withdrawals made concurrently with purchases of additional shares are inadvisable because of the sales charges applicable to (i) the purchase of Class A shares and (ii) the redemption of Class A (in certain instances) and Class C shares. Each shareholder should consult his or her own tax adviser with regard to the tax consequences of the Systematic Withdrawal Plan, particularly if used in connection with a retirement plan.
MUTUAL FUND PROGRAMS. From time to time, the Funds may be included in a mutual fund program with other PGIM Funds. Under such a program, a group of portfolios will be selected and thereafter marketed collectively. Typically, these programs are marketed with an investment theme, such as pursuit of greater diversification, protection from interest rate movements or access to different management styles. In the event such a program is instituted, there may be a minimum investment requirement for the program as a whole. The Funds may waive or reduce the minimum initial investment requirements in connection with such a program.
The mutual funds in the program may be purchased individually or as a part of a program. Since the allocation of portfolios included in the program may not be appropriate for all investors, investors should consult their financial adviser concerning the appropriate blends of portfolios for them. If investors elect to purchase the individual mutual funds that constitute the program in an investment ratio different from that offered by the program, the standard minimum investment requirements for the individual mutual funds will apply.
TAX-DEFERRED RETIREMENT PROGRAMS. Various tax-deferred retirement plans, including a 401(k) plan, self-directed individual retirement accounts and “tax-deferred accounts” under Section 403(b)(7) of the Code are available through the Distributor. These plans are for use by both self-employed individuals and corporate employers. These plans permit either self-direction of accounts by participants or a pooled account arrangement. Information regarding the establishment of these plans, their administration, custodial fees and other details is available from the Distributor or PMFS.
Investors who are considering the adoption of such a plan should consult with their own legal counsel and/or tax adviser with respect to the establishment and maintenance of any such plan.
TAXES, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The following is a summary of certain tax considerations generally affecting each Fund and its shareholders. This section is based on the Code, Treasury Regulations, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. Please consult your own tax adviser concerning the consequences of investing in a Fund in your particular circumstances under the Code and the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.
QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY. Each Fund has elected to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code and intends to meet all other requirements that are necessary for it to be relieved of federal taxes on income and gains it distributes to shareholders. As a regulated investment company, a Fund is not subject to federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income (i.e., investment company taxable income, as that term is defined in the Code, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to shareholders, provided that it distributes at least 90% of its net tax-exempt income and investment company taxable income for the year (the “Distribution Requirement”), and satisfies certain other requirements of the Code that are described below.
Net capital gains of a Fund that are available for distribution to shareholders will be computed by taking into account any applicable capital loss carryforward. If a Fund has a capital loss carryforward, the amount and duration of any such capital loss carryforward will be set forth at the end of this section.
In addition to satisfying the Distribution Requirement, each Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to loans of stock and securities, gains from the sale or disposition of stock, securities or non-U.S.
currencies and other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a QPTP.
currencies and other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a QPTP.
Each Fund must also satisfy an asset diversification test on a quarterly basis. Failure to do so may result in a Fund being subject to penalty taxes, being required to sell certain of its positions, and may cause the Fund to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Under this asset diversification test, at the close of each quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, (1) 50% or more of the value of the Fund’s assets must be represented by cash, United States government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (2) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets may be
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invested in securities of (x) any one issuer (other than United States government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies), or two or more issuers (other than securities of other regulated investment companies) of which the Fund owns 20% or more of the voting stock and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (y) one or more QPTPs (as such term is defined in the Code) and commonly referred to as “master limited partnerships.”
A Fund may be able to cure a failure to derive at least 90% of its income from the sources specified above or a failure to diversify its holdings in the manner described above by paying a tax, by disposing of certain assets, or by paying a tax and disposing of assets. If, in any taxable year, a Fund fails one of these tests and does not timely cure the failure, the Fund will be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders will not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income.
Although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a QPTP. A Fund’s investments in partnerships, including in QPTPs, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local or non-U.S. income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
If for any year a Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, or fails to meet the Distribution Requirement, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, a Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as dividend income. However, such dividends will be eligible (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it must pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If a Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund may be subject to taxation on any net built-in-gains (i.e., the excess of the aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) recognized for a period of five years, or, under certain circumstances, may have to recognize and pay tax on such net built-in-gain, in order to qualify as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.
EXCISE TAX ON REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANIES. A 4% non-deductible excise tax is imposed on a regulated investment company to the extent that it distributes income in such a way that it is taxable to shareholders in a calendar year other than the calendar year in which a Fund earned the income. Specifically, the excise tax will be imposed if a Fund fails to distribute in each calendar year an amount equal to 98% of ordinary taxable income, including qualified dividend income, for the calendar year and 98.2% of capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such calendar year (or, at the election of a regulated investment company having a taxable year ending November 30 or December 31, for its taxable year). The balance of such income must be distributed during the next calendar year. For the foregoing purposes, a regulated investment company is treated as having distributed otherwise retained amounts if it is subject to income tax on those amounts for any taxable year ending in such calendar year.
Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its qualified dividend income, ordinary income and capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax. However, investors should note that a Fund may in certain circumstances be required to borrow money or liquidate portfolio investments to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise tax liability.
FUND INVESTMENTS. Each Fund may make investments or engage in transactions that affect the character, amount and timing of gains or losses realized by a Fund. A Fund may make investments that produce income that is not matched by a corresponding cash receipt by a Fund. Any such income would be treated as income earned by a Fund and therefore would be subject to the Distribution Requirement. Such investments may require a Fund to borrow money or dispose of other securities in order to comply with those requirements. Each Fund may also make investments that prevent or defer the recognition of losses or the deduction of expenses. These investments may likewise require a Fund to borrow money or dispose of other securities in order to comply with the Distribution Requirement. Additionally, a Fund may make investments that result in the recognition of ordinary income rather than capital gain, or that prevent a Fund from accruing a long-term holding period. These investments may prevent a Fund from making capital gain distributions as described below. Each Fund intends to monitor its transactions, will make the appropriate tax elections and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it makes any such investments in order to mitigate the effect of these rules. The foregoing concepts are explained in greater detail in the following paragraphs.
Gains or losses on sales of stock or securities by a Fund generally will be treated as long-term capital gains or losses if the stock or securities have been held by it for more than one year, except in certain cases where a Fund acquires a put or writes a call or otherwise holds an offsetting position, with respect to the stock or securities. Other gains or losses on the sale of stock or securities will be short-term capital gains or losses.
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In certain situations, a Fund may, for a taxable year, defer all or a portion of its net capital loss realized after October (or if there is no net capital loss, then any net long-term or short-term capital loss) and its late-year ordinary loss (defined as the sum of the excess of post-October non-U.S. currency and passive non-U.S. investment company (“PFIC”) losses over post-October non-U.S. currency and PFIC gains plus the excess of post-December ordinary losses over post-December ordinary income) until the next taxable year in computing its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, which will defer the recognition of such realized losses. Such deferrals and other rules regarding gains and losses realized after October (or December) may affect the tax character of shareholder distributions.
If an option written by a Fund on securities lapses or is terminated through a closing transaction, such as a repurchase by a Fund of the option from its holder, a Fund will generally realize short-term capital gain or loss. If securities are sold by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a call option written by it, a Fund will include the premium received in the sale proceeds of the securities delivered in determining the amount of gain or loss on the sale. Gain or loss on the sale, lapse or other termination of options acquired by a Fund on stock or securities and on narrowly-based stock indices will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term depending on the holding period of the option.
Certain Fund transactions may be subject to wash sale, short sale, constructive sale, conversion transaction, constructive ownership transaction and straddle provisions of the Code that may, among other things, require a Fund to defer recognition of losses or convert long-term capital gain into ordinary income or short-term capital gain taxable as ordinary income.
As a result of entering into swap contracts, a Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. A Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute taxable ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if a Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, a Fund may be required to currently recognize income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss. Periodic net payments that would otherwise constitute ordinary deductions but are allocable under the Code to exempt-interest dividends will not be allowed as a deduction but instead will reduce net tax-exempt income.
In general, gain or loss on a short sale is recognized when a Fund closes the sale by delivering the borrowed property to the lender, not when the borrowed property is sold. Gain or loss from a short sale is generally capital gain or loss to the extent that the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in a Fund’s hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used by a Fund to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date of the short sale, special rules would generally treat the gains on short sales as short-term capital gains. These rules may also terminate the running of the holding period of “substantially identical property” held by a Fund. Moreover, a loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, “substantially identical property” has been held by a Fund for more than one year. In general, a Fund will not be permitted to deduct payments made to reimburse the lender of securities for dividends paid on borrowed stock if the short sale is closed on or before the 45th day after the short sale is entered into.
Debt securities acquired by a Fund may be subject to original issue discount and market discount rules which, respectively, may cause a Fund to accrue income in advance of the receipt of cash with respect to interest or cause gains to be treated as ordinary income subject to the Distribution Requirement referred to above. Market discount generally is the excess, if any, of the principal amount of the security (or, in the case of a security issued at an original issue discount, the adjusted issue price of the security) over the price paid by a Fund for the security. Original issue discount that accrues in a taxable year is treated as income earned by a Fund and therefore is subject to the Distribution Requirement. Because the original issue discount income earned by a Fund in a taxable year may not be represented by cash income, a Fund may have to borrow money or dispose of other securities and use the proceeds to make distributions to satisfy the Distribution Requirement. A Fund will face a similar issue with market discount that it elects, or is required to accrue.
Certain futures contracts and certain listed options (referred to as Section 1256 contracts) held by the Funds will be required to be “marked to market” for federal income tax purposes at the end of a Fund’s taxable year, that is, treated as having been sold at the fair market value on the last business day of a Fund’s taxable year. Except with respect to certain non-U.S. currency forward contracts, sixty percent of any gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales and on actual dispositions will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and forty percent will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any net mark-to-market gains may be subject to the Distribution Requirement referred to above, even though a Fund may receive no corresponding cash amounts, possibly requiring the disposition of portfolio securities or borrowing to obtain the necessary cash.
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Gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates that occur between the time a Fund accrues interest or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a non-U.S. currency and the time a Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, gains or losses on non-U.S. currency forward contracts or dispositions of debt securities denominated in a non-U.S. currency that are attributable to fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S.
currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition thereof generally also are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses, referred to under the Code as “Section 988” gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of a Fund’s net capital gain. If Section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, a Fund would not be able to make any ordinary dividend distributions from current earnings and profits, and distributions made before the losses were realized could be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders, rather than as an ordinary dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares.
currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition thereof generally also are treated as ordinary income or loss. These gains or losses, referred to under the Code as “Section 988” gains or losses, increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of a Fund’s net capital gain. If Section 988 losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, a Fund would not be able to make any ordinary dividend distributions from current earnings and profits, and distributions made before the losses were realized could be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders, rather than as an ordinary dividend, thereby reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares.
If a Fund holds (directly or indirectly) one or more “tax credit bonds” (defined below) on one or more specified dates during a Fund’s taxable year, and a Fund satisfies the minimum distribution requirement, a Fund may elect for U.S. federal income tax purposes to pass through to shareholders tax credits otherwise allowable to a Fund for that year with respect to such bonds. A tax credit bond is defined in the Code as a “qualified tax credit bond” (which includes a qualified forestry conservation bond, a new clean renewable energy bond, a qualified energy conservation bond, a qualified zone academy bond, or a qualified school construction bond, each of which must meet certain requirements specified in the Code), a “build America bond” or certain other specified bonds. If the Fund were to make an election, a shareholder of a Fund would be required to include in gross income an amount equal to such shareholder’s proportionate share of the interest income attributable to such credits and would be entitled to claim as a tax credit an amount equal to the shareholder’s proportionate share of such credits. Certain limitations may apply on the extent to which the credit may be claimed.
A Fund may make investments in equity securities of non-U.S. issuers, subject to the requirements of its investment restrictions. If a Fund purchases shares in PFICs, a Fund may be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” from such non-U.S. corporation, including any gain from the disposition of such shares, even if such income is distributed by a Fund to its shareholders. In addition, certain interest charges may be imposed on a Fund as a result of such distributions. If a Fund were to invest in an eligible PFIC and elected to treat the PFIC as a qualified electing fund (a “QEF”), in lieu of the foregoing requirements, a Fund would be required to include each year in its income and distribute to shareholders in accordance with the Distribution Requirement, a pro rata portion of the QEF’s ordinary earnings and net capital gain, whether or not distributed by the QEF to a Fund. A Fund may not be able to make this election with respect to many PFICs because of certain requirements that the PFICs would have to satisfy.
Alternatively, a Fund generally will be permitted to “mark to market” any shares it holds in a PFIC. If a Fund made such an election, with such election being made separately for each PFIC owned by a Fund, a Fund would be required to include in income each year and distribute to shareholders in accordance with the Distribution Requirement, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the PFIC stock as of the close of the taxable year over the adjusted basis of such stock at that time. A Fund would be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the PFIC stock over its fair market value as of the close of the taxable year, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to the stock included by a Fund for prior taxable years. A Fund will make appropriate basis adjustments in the PFIC stock to take into account the mark-to-market amounts.
Notwithstanding any election made by a Fund, dividends attributable to distributions from a non-U.S. corporation will not be eligible for the special tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income if the non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC either in the taxable year of the distribution or the preceding taxable year, but instead will be taxable at rates applicable to ordinary income.
A Fund may invest in REITs, subject to the requirements of its investment restrictions. A Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may require a Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. In order to generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise would have continued to hold (including when it is not advantageous to do so). A Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may at other times result in a Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if a Fund distributes such amounts, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. In addition, between 2018 and 2025, a direct REIT shareholder may claim a 20% “qualified business income” deduction for ordinary REIT dividends, and a RIC may pass through to its shareholders the special character of this income. Ordinary dividends received by the Fund from a REIT will generally not constitute qualified dividend income, which would be eligible for tax at a reduced rate.
Some of the REITs in which the Funds may invest will be permitted to hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). Under Treasury regulations not yet issued, but that may apply retroactively, a portion of a Fund’s income from a REIT that is attributable to the REIT’s residual interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to federal income
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tax in all events. These regulations are expected to provide that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by shareholders, with the same consequences as if shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest directly.
In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and that otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax.
Under current law, if a charitable remainder trust (defined in Section 664 of the Code) realizes any unrelated business taxable income for a taxable year, it will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such unrelated business taxable income. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (as defined in the Code) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations. The Funds do not intend to invest directly in residual interests in REMICs or to invest in REITs in which a substantial portion of the assets will consist of residual interests in REMICs.
FUND DISTRIBUTIONS. Each Fund anticipates distributing substantially all of its net investment income for each taxable year. Dividends of net investment income paid to a non-corporate U.S. shareholder that are reported as qualified dividend income will generally be taxable to such shareholder at capital gain income tax rates. The amount of dividend income that may be reported by a Fund as qualified dividend income will generally be limited to the aggregate of the eligible dividends received by a Fund. Dividends of net investment income that are not reported as qualified dividend income or exempt-interest dividends and dividends of net short-term capital gains will be taxable to shareholders at ordinary income rates. Dividends paid by a Fund with respect to a taxable year will qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of dividends received by a Fund from certain domestic corporations for the taxable year. For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, a Fund may also report dividends eligible for a 20% “qualified business income” deduction for non-corporate U.S. shareholders to the extent a Fund’s income is derived from ordinary REIT dividends, reduced by allocable Fund expenses. In order for a Fund’s dividends to be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income or for the dividends received deduction or qualified business income deduction, a Fund must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the shares on which a Fund received the eligible dividends, and the U.S. shareholder must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to a Fund shares. Shareholders will be advised annually as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of distributions made (or deemed made) during the year, including the portion of dividends paid that qualify for the reduced tax rate.
Ordinarily, shareholders are required to take taxable distributions by a Fund into account in the year in which the distributions are made. However, for federal income tax purposes, dividends that are declared by a Fund in October, November or December as of a record date in such month and actually paid in January of the following year will be treated as if they were paid on December 31 of the year declared. Therefore, such dividends will generally be taxable to a shareholder in the year declared rather than the year paid.
Dividends paid by a Fund that are properly reported as exempt-interest dividends will not be subject to regular federal income tax. Dividends paid by a Fund will be exempt from federal income tax (though not necessarily exempt from state and local taxation) to the extent of a Fund’s tax-exempt interest income as long as 50% or more of the value of a Fund’s assets at the end of each quarter is invested in (1) state, municipal and other bonds that are excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes or (2) interests in other regulated investment companies, and, in each case, as long as a Fund properly reports such dividends as exempt-interest dividends. Exempt-interest dividends from interest earned on municipal securities of a state, or its political subdivisions, are generally exempt from income tax in that state. However, income from municipal securities from other states generally will not qualify for tax-free treatment.
Interest on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a Fund will not be deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent it relates to exempt-interest dividends received by a shareholder. If a shareholder receives exempt-interest dividends with respect to any share of a Fund (other than if a Fund declares income dividends daily and pays such dividends at least as frequently as monthly) and if the share is held by the shareholder for six months or less, then any loss on the sale or exchange of the share may, to the extent of the exempt-interest dividends, be disallowed. In addition, the Code may require a shareholder that receives exempt-interest dividends to treat as taxable income a portion of certain otherwise non-taxable social security and railroad retirement benefit payments. Furthermore, a portion of any exempt-interest dividend paid by a Fund that represents income derived from certain revenue or private activity bonds held by a Fund may not retain its tax-exempt status in the hands of a shareholder who is a “substantial user” of a facility financed by such bonds, or a “related person” thereof. In addition, the receipt of dividends and distributions from a
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Fund may affect a non-U.S. corporate shareholder’s federal “branch profits” tax liability and the federal “excess net passive income” tax liability of a shareholder of an S corporation. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers as to whether they are (i) “substantial users” with respect to a facility or “related” to such users within the meaning of the Code or (ii) subject to the federal “branch profits” tax, or the federal “excess net passive income” tax.
A Fund may either retain or distribute to shareholders its net capital gain (i.e., excess net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) for each taxable year. Each Fund currently intends to distribute any such amounts. If net capital gain is distributed and reported as a “capital gain dividend,” it will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shareholder has held its shares or whether such gain was recognized by a Fund prior to the date on which the shareholder acquired its shares. Conversely, if a Fund elects to retain its net capital gain, a Fund will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the 21% corporate tax rate. In such a case, it is expected that a Fund also will elect to have shareholders of record on the last day of its taxable year treated as if each received a distribution of its pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, will receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by a Fund on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for its shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.
Distributions that exceed a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder’s tax basis in its shares; any distribution in excess of such tax basis will be treated as gain from the sale of its shares, as discussed below. Distributions in excess of a Fund’s minimum distribution requirements but not in excess of a Fund’s earnings and profits will be taxable to shareholders and will not constitute nontaxable returns of capital. In the event that a Fund were to experience an ownership change as defined under the Code, a Fund’s loss carryforwards, if any, may be subject to limitation.
Distributions will be treated in the manner described above regardless of whether such distributions are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares of a Fund (or of another fund). Shareholders receiving a distribution in the form of additional shares will be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of cash that could have been received. In addition, prospective investors in a Fund should be aware that distributions from a Fund will, all other things being equal, have the effect of reducing the NAV of a Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution. If the NAV is reduced below a shareholder’s cost, the distribution will nonetheless be taxable as described above, even if the distribution effectively represents a return of invested capital. Investors should consider the tax implications of buying shares just prior to a distribution, when the price of shares may reflect the amount of the forthcoming distribution.
SALE OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES. A shareholder will generally recognize gain or loss on the sale or redemption of shares in an amount equal to the difference between the proceeds of the sale or redemption and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. All or a portion of any loss so recognized may be disallowed if the shareholder acquires other shares of the Fund or substantially identical stock or securities within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before such disposition, such as pursuant to reinvestment of a dividend in shares of the Fund. Additionally, if a shareholder disposes of shares of a Fund within 90 days following their acquisition, and the shareholder subsequently re-acquires Fund shares (1) before January 31 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the original stock was disposed of, (2) pursuant to a reinvestment right received upon the purchase of the original shares and (3) at a reduced load charge (i.e., sales or additional charge), then any load charge incurred upon the acquisition of the original shares will not be taken into account as part of the shareholder’s basis for computing gain or loss upon the sale of such shares, to the extent the original load charge does not exceed any reduction of the load charge with respect to the acquisition of the subsequent shares. To the extent the original load charge is not taken into account on the disposition of the original shares, such charge shall be treated as incurred in connection with the acquisition of the subsequent shares. In general, any gain or loss arising from (or treated as arising from) the sale or redemption of shares of a Fund will be considered capital gain or loss and will be long term capital gain or loss if the shares were held for more than one year. However, any capital loss arising from the sale or redemption of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the amount of long-term capital gain dividends received on (or undistributed long-term capital gains credited with respect to) such shares.
Capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. shareholder is generally taxed at a federal income tax rate of up to 15% or 20%, depending on whether the shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts, which are adjusted annually for inflation. Capital gain of a corporate shareholder is taxed at the same rate as ordinary income.
Cost Basis Reporting. Mutual funds must report cost basis information to you and the IRS when you sell or exchange shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 in your non-retirement accounts. The cost basis regulations do not affect retirement accounts, money market funds, and shares acquired before January 1, 2012. The regulations also require mutual funds to report whether a gain or loss is short-term (shares held one year or less) or long-term (shares held more than one year) for all shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 that are subsequently sold or exchanged. To calculate the gain or loss on shares sold, you need to know the cost basis of the shares. Cost basis is the original value of an asset for tax purposes (usually the gross purchase price), adjusted for stock splits, reinvested dividends, and return of capital distributions. This value is used to determine the capital gain (or loss), which is the difference
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between the cost basis of the shares and the gross proceeds when the shares are sold. The Fund’s Transfer Agent supports several different cost basis methods from which you may select a cost basis method you believe best suited to your needs. If you decide to elect the Transfer Agent’s default method, which is average cost, no action is required on your part. For shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, if you change your cost basis method, the new method will apply to all shares in the account if you request the change prior to the first redemption. If, however, you request the change after the first redemption, the new method will apply to shares acquired on or after the date of the change. Keep in mind that the Fund’s Transfer Agent is not required to report cost basis information to you or the IRS on shares acquired before January 1, 2012. However, the Transfer Agent will provide this information to you, as a service, if its cost basis records are complete for such shares. This information will be separately identified on the Form 1099-B (Proceeds from Broker and Barter Exchange Transactions) sent to you by the Transfer Agent and not transmitted to the IRS.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. A Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of all dividends and capital gain dividends, and the proceeds of redemption of shares, paid to any shareholder (1) who has provided the Fund with either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (2) who is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to report the receipt of interest or dividend income properly or (3) who has failed to certify to the Fund that it is not subject to backup withholding or that it is a corporation or other exempt recipient. In addition, dividends and capital gain dividends made to corporate United States holders may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against a shareholder’s federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.
If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to a Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
MEDICARE CONTRIBUTION TAX. A U.S. person that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax, is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the U.S. person’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (2) the excess of the U.S. person’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly). A Fund shareholder’s net investment income will generally include, among other things, dividend income from the Fund and net gains from the disposition of Fund shares, unless such dividend income or net gains are derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities). If you are a U.S. person that is an individual, estate or trust, you are urged to consult your tax advisers regarding the applicability of the Medicare contribution tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in the Fund shares.
NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS. Dividends paid to a shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, non-U.S. trust or estate, non-U.S. corporation, or non-U.S. partnership (“non-U.S. shareholder”) will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) on the gross amount of the dividend. Such a non-U.S. shareholder would generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on gains realized on the sale of shares of a Fund, net capital gain dividends, exempt-interest dividends, amounts retained by the Fund that are reported as undistributed capital gains, and amounts reported by the Fund as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends.
The foregoing applies when the non-U.S. shareholder’s income from a Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. If the income from a Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a non-U.S. shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income, net capital gain dividends, undistributed capital gains credited to such shareholder and any gains realized upon the sale of shares of the Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations.
Distributions that a Fund reports as “short-term capital gain dividends” or “net capital gain dividends” will not be treated as such to a recipient non-U.S. shareholder if the distribution is attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property or an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation (including a REIT dividend attributable to such gain) and a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property exceed certain levels. Instead, if the non-U.S. shareholder has not owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution, such distributions will be subject to 30% withholding by a Fund and will be treated as ordinary dividends to the non-U.S. shareholder; if the non-U.S. shareholder owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of a Fund at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution, such distribution will be treated as real property gain subject to 21% withholding tax and could subject the non-U.S. shareholder to U.S. filing requirements. Additionally, if a Fund’s direct or indirect interests in U.S. real property were to exceed certain levels, a non-U.S. shareholder realizing
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gains upon redemption from a Fund could be subject to the 21% withholding tax and U.S. filing requirements unless more than 50% of a Fund’s shares were owned by U.S. persons at such time or unless the non-U.S. person had not held more than 5% of a Fund’s outstanding shares throughout either such person’s holding period for the redeemed shares or, if shorter, the previous five years.
The rules laid out in the previous paragraph, other than the withholding rules, will apply notwithstanding a Fund’s participation in a wash sale transaction or its payment of a substitute dividend.
The Fund may be required to recognize a portion of its gain on the in-kind distribution of certain U.S. real property interests if the Fund is domestically controlled (meaning that more than 50% of the value of the Fund's shares is held by U.S. shareholders).
In the case of non-U.S. non-corporate shareholders, a Fund may be required to backup withhold U.S. federal income tax on distributions that are otherwise exempt from withholding tax unless such shareholders furnish the Fund with proper notification of their non-U.S. status.
Separately, a 30% withholding tax is currently imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items paid to (i) non-U.S. financial institutions including non-U.S. investment funds unless they agree to collect and disclose to the IRS information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other non-U.S. entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, non-U.S. financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders, comply with due diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts, report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant non-U.S. financial institutions or to account holders, or (ii) in the event that an intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other non-U.S. entities will need to either provide the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership unless certain exceptions apply.
The tax consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in a Fund, the procedure for claiming the benefit of a lower treaty rate and the applicability of non-U.S. taxes.
NON-U.S. TAXES. A Fund may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes or other non-U.S. taxes with respect to income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gain) received from sources within non-U.S. countries. So long as more than 50% by value of the total assets of the Fund (1) at the close of the taxable year, consists of stock or securities of non-U.S. issuers, or (2) at the close of each quarter, consists of interests in other regulated investment companies, the Fund may elect to treat any non-U.S. income taxes paid by it as paid directly by its shareholders.
If the Fund makes the election, each shareholder will be required to (i) include in gross income, even though not actually received, its pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes, and (ii) either deduct (in calculating U.S. taxable income) or credit (in calculating U.S. federal income tax) its pro rata share of the Fund’s income taxes. A non-U.S. tax credit may not exceed the U.S. federal income tax otherwise payable with respect to the non-U.S. source income. For this purpose, each shareholder must treat as non-U.S. source gross income (i) its proportionate share of non-U.S. taxes paid by the Fund and (ii) the portion of any actual dividend paid by the Fund which represents income derived from non-U.S. sources; the gain from the sale of securities will generally be treated as U.S. source income and certain non-U.S. currency gains and losses likewise will be treated as derived from U.S. sources. This non-U.S. tax credit limitation is, with certain exceptions, applied separately to separate categories of income; dividends from the Fund will be treated as “passive” or “general” income for this purpose. The effect of this limitation may be to prevent shareholders from claiming as a credit the full amount of their pro rata share of the Fund’s non-U.S. income taxes. In addition, shareholders will not be eligible to claim a non-U.S. tax credit with respect to non-U.S. income taxes paid by the Fund unless certain holding period requirements are met at both the Fund and the shareholder levels. For purposes of foreign tax credits for U.S. shareholders of the Fund, foreign capital gains taxes may not produce associated foreign source income, limiting the availability of such credits for U.S. persons.
A Fund will make such an election only if it deems it to be in the best interest of its shareholders. A shareholder not subject to U.S. tax may prefer that this election not be made. The Fund will notify shareholders in writing each year if it makes the election and of the amount of non-U.S. income taxes, if any, to be passed through to the shareholders and the amount of non-U.S. taxes, if any, for which shareholders of the Fund will not be eligible to claim a non-U.S. tax credit because the holding period requirements (described above) have not been satisfied.
Shares of a Fund held by a non-U.S. shareholder at death will be considered situated within the United States and subject to the U.S. estate tax.
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STATE AND LOCAL TAX MATTERS. Depending on the residence of the shareholders for tax purposes, distributions may also be subject to state and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation regarding qualified dividend income, ordinary income dividends and capital gains distributions from regulated investment companies and other items may differ from federal income tax rules. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in a Fund.
CAPITAL LOSS CARRYFORWARD. Because the Funds are new, this information is not available.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board of each Fund in the PGIM Fund complex has adopted policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio securities owned by each Fund and to authorize certain arrangements to make available information about portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that disclosures of a Fund’s portfolio holdings are made consistently with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties of each Fund and each Funds' adviser. The policy is designed to ensure that disclosures of nonpublic portfolio holdings to selected third parties are made only when the Fund has legitimate business purposes for doing so and the recipients are subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the nonpublic information.
The Board has authorized PGIM Investments, as the investment manager of each Fund, to administer these policies and procedures and to enter into confidentiality agreements on behalf of the Funds that provide that all information disclosed shall be treated as confidential and that the recipient will not trade on the nonpublic information. No material, non-public information, including but not limited to portfolio holdings, may be disseminated to third parties except in compliance with these policies and procedures.
The Custodian Bank (Bank of New York Mellon) is authorized to facilitate, under the supervision of PGIM Investments, the release of portfolio holdings.
Regulatory Filings. Portfolio holdings for each Fund will be made public at the time of quarterly public regulatory filings via Forms N-CSR and/or N-PORT unless noted otherwise herein.
Annual and semi-annual reports for each Fund are filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and transmitted or made available to shareholders within 60 days after the end of the second and fourth fiscal quarters. Annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for a Fund may be accessed at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and at the website for the PGIM Funds (www.pgim.com/investments).
Portfolio holdings for each Fund are filed with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Form N-PORT is filed with the SEC quarterly, and the Fund's full portfolio holdings as of its first and third quarter ends of each fiscal quarter will be made publicly available 60 days after the end of each quarter on www.sec.gov.
Public Disclosures—Fund Holdings and Characteristics. Each Fund may post on the PGIM Funds website a detailed list of its portfolio holdings and characteristics derived from the portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar month approximately 15 days after the end of the month, unless noted otherwise herein.
Any portfolio holdings and characteristics information that is posted to the Fund’s website and third-party databases but not contained in regulatory filings may be distributed at or after posting to financial advisors, investment consultants, broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, plan sponsors, shareholders, plan participants, and third-party databases.
Public Disclosures—Other Time Periods. Where a Fund has recently commenced operations or adopted significant changes to its investment policies (a “repositioning”), it may make available in the manner described above the same portfolio holdings and characteristics information, but as of other relevant period-ends besides month-end, with such information made available and posted to the website approximately 15 days after the commencement of the Fund’s operations or the date of the repositioning (“Effective Date”), and any portfolio holdings or characteristics information may be distributed after posting to financial advisors, investment consultants, broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, plan sponsors, shareholders, plan participants, and third-party databases. The Fund may release this information until the first quarter-end or the first month-end following the Effective Date, as applicable.
Other than as set forth above, the release of holdings and characteristics information will normally occur 15 days after the end of the month: the release of holdings and characteristics information other than 15 days after the end of the month will be determined based on procedures approved by the Chief Compliance Officer. In addition, when authorized by the Chief Compliance Officer and another officer of the PGIM Funds, portfolio holdings information may be publicly disseminated more frequently or at different periods than as described above.
Public Disclosures—Non-Specific Information. Each Fund and/or PGIM Investments may publicly distribute non-specific information about the Funds and/or summary information about the Funds at any time. Such information will not identify any specific portfolio holding, but may reflect, among other things, the quality or character of a Fund’s holdings.
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Ongoing Nonpublic Disclosure Arrangements. Each Fund has entered into ongoing arrangements to make available nonpublic information about its portfolio holdings, subject to the conditions, restrictions and requirements set forth below. Parties receiving this information may include intermediaries that distribute Fund shares, third-party providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other services for the Funds, rating and ranking organizations, and certain affiliated persons of each Fund, as described below. The procedures utilized to determine eligibility are set forth below:
All requests from third parties for portfolio holdings shall require the following steps:
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A request for release of portfolio holdings shall be prepared setting forth a legitimate business purpose for such release which shall specify the Fund(s), the terms of such release, and frequency (e.g., level of detail, staleness). Such request shall address whether there are any conflicts of interest between the Fund and the investment adviser, subadviser, principal underwriter or any affiliated person thereof and how such conflicts shall be dealt with to demonstrate that the disclosure is in the best interest of the shareholders of the Fund(s).
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The request shall be forwarded to PGIM Investments’ Product Management Group and to the Chief Compliance Officer or their delegate for review and approval.
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A confidentiality agreement in the form approved by a Fund officer must be executed by the recipient of the portfolio holdings.
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A Fund officer shall approve the release and the agreement. Copies of the release and agreement shall be sent to PGIM Investments’ Law Department.
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Written notification of the approval shall be sent by such officer to PGIM Investments’ Fund Administration Group to arrange the release of portfolio holdings.
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PGIM Investments’ Fund Administration Group shall arrange the release by the Custodian Bank.
Requests for disclosure to PGIM Investments or its employees shall follow the procedures noted above other than the execution of a confidentiality agreement.
Set forth below are the authorized ongoing arrangements as of the date of this SAI:
1. Traditional External Recipients/Vendors
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Full holdings on a daily basis to Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”), Broadridge and Glass, Lewis & Co. (proxy voting administrator/agents) at the end of each day;
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Full holdings on a daily basis to ISS (securities class action claims administrator) at the end of each day;
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Full holdings on a daily basis to a Fund's subadviser(s), Custodian Bank, sub-custodian (if any) and accounting agents (which includes the Custodian Bank and any other accounting agent that may be appointed) at the end of each day. When a Fund has more than one subadviser, each subadviser receives holdings information only with respect to the “sleeve” or segment of the Fund for which the subadviser has responsibility;
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Full holdings to a Fund's independent registered public accounting firm as soon as practicable following the Fund's fiscal year-end or on an as-needed basis;
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Full holdings to a Fund’s counsel on an as-needed basis;
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Full holdings to counsel of a Fund’s independent board members on an as-needed basis;
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Full holdings to financial printers as soon as practicable following the end of a Fund's quarterly, semi-annual and annual period-ends; and
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Full holdings to a Fund’s securities lending agent on a daily basis.
2. Analytical Service Providers
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Fund trades on a quarterly basis to Abel/Noser Corp. (an agency-only broker and transaction cost analysis company) as soon as practicable following the Fund's fiscal quarter-end;
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Full holdings on a daily basis to FactSet Research Systems Inc. (investment research provider) at the end of each day;
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Full holdings on a quarterly basis to Frank Russell Company (investment research provider) when made available;
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Full holdings on a monthly basis to Fidelity Advisors (wrap program provider) approximately five days after the end of each month (PGIM Jennison Growth Fund and certain other selected PGIM Funds only);
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Full holdings on a daily basis to Bloomberg BVAL, ICE, S&P Global, London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) and J.P. Morgan PricingDirect (securities valuation);
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Full holdings on a monthly basis to FX Transparency (foreign exchange/transaction analysis) when made available;
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Full holdings on a daily basis to ICE/Innocap, formerly known as Hedgemark (liquidity calculations); and
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Full holdings to Innocap (VaR calculations) on a daily basis (for funds that are full derivatives users pursuant to Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act).
In each case, the information disclosed must be for a legitimate business purpose and is subject to a confidentiality agreement intended to prohibit the recipient from trading on or further disseminating such information (except for legitimate business purposes).
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In addition, certain authorized employees of PGIM Investments receive portfolio holdings information on a quarterly, monthly or daily basis or upon request, in order to perform their business functions. All PGIM Investments employees are subject to the requirements of the personal securities trading policy of Prudential, which prohibits employees from trading on or further disseminating confidential information, including portfolio holdings information.
Also, affiliated shareholders may, subject to execution of a non-disclosure agreement, receive current portfolio holdings for the sole purpose of enabling a Fund to effect the payment of the redemption price to such shareholder in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of securities from the investment portfolio of the Fund, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the SEC and procedures adopted by the Board. For more information regarding the payment of the redemption price by a distribution in kind of securities from the investment portfolio of the Fund, see “Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Fund Shares—Redemption in Kind” in the SAI.
In addition, the Fund provides an industry trade group, subject to a confidentiality agreement, with data from the Fund's N-PORT filing with the SEC on a quarterly basis. Such data is aggregated with other industry participants and made anonymous for the purposes of research strictly for public policy and advocacy efforts for investment companies, the markets and investors.
PGIM Investments’ Law and Compliance Departments shall review the arrangements with each recipient on an annual basis. The Board shall, on a quarterly basis be advised of any revisions to the list of recipients of portfolio holdings and the reason for such disclosure. These policies and procedures will be reviewed for adequacy and effectiveness in connection with the Funds' compliance program under Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act.
A listing of the parties who will receive portfolio holdings pursuant to these procedures is maintained by PGIM Investments Compliance.
There can be no assurance that the policies and procedures on portfolio holdings information will protect a Fund from the potential misuse of such information by individuals or entities that come into possession of the information.
PROXY VOTING
The Board has delegated to the Manager the responsibility for voting any proxies and maintaining proxy recordkeeping with respect to the Funds. The Manager is authorized by the Funds to delegate, in whole or in part, their proxy voting authority to the subadviser(s) or third party vendors consistent with the policies set forth below. The proxy voting process shall remain subject to the supervision of the Board, including any committee thereof established for that purpose.
The Manager and the Board view the proxy voting process as a component of the investment process and, as such, seek to ensure that all proxy proposals are voted with the primary goal of seeking the optimal benefit for the Funds. Consistent with this goal, the Board views the proxy voting process as a means to encourage strong corporate governance practices and ethical conduct by corporate management. The Manager and the Board maintain a policy of seeking to protect the best interests of the Funds should a proxy issue potentially implicate a conflict of interest between the Funds and the Manager or its affiliates.
The Manager delegates to the Funds' subadviser(s) the responsibility for voting proxies. The subadviser is expected to identify and seek to obtain the optimal benefit for the Funds, and to adopt written policies that meet certain minimum standards, including that the policies be reasonably designed to protect the best interests of the Funds and delineate procedures to be followed when a proxy vote presents a conflict between the interests of the Funds and the interests of the subadviser or its affiliates. The Manager and the Board expect that the subadviser will notify the Manager and Board at least annually of any such conflicts identified and confirm how the issue was resolved. In addition, the Manager expects that the subadviser will deliver to the Manager, or its appointed vendor, information required for filing the Form N-PX with the SEC. Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to their portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ending June 30 is available without charge on the Funds' website at www.pgim.com/investments and on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
A summary of the proxy voting policies of the subadviser(s) is set forth in its respective Appendix to this SAI.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Board has adopted a Code of Ethics. In addition, the Manager, subadviser(s) and Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics. The Codes of Ethics apply to access persons (generally, persons who have access to information about the Funds' investment program) and permit personnel subject to the Codes of Ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. However, the protective provisions of the Codes of Ethics prohibit certain investments and limit such personnel from making investments during periods when the Funds are making such investments. The Codes of Ethics are on public file with, and are available from, the SEC.
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APPENDIX I: PROXY VOTING POLICIES OF THE SUBADVISER
PGIM DC Solutions LLC (“PGIM DC Solutions”)
Description of PGIM DC Solutions Proxy Voting Policies. It is the policy of PGIM DC Solutions to vote proxies in the best long-term economic interests of clients (i.e., the mutual interest of clients in seeing the appreciation in value of a common investment over time) whose accounts hold the securities. In the case of pooled accounts (e.g., mutual funds), PGIM DC Solutions will vote proxies in the best long-term economic interest of the pooled account.
To the extent applicable, when PGIM DC Solutions provides asset allocation services to pooled vehicles, including the Funds, PGIM DC Solutions would be responsible for voting proxies for such vehicles, however PGIM DC Solutions typically would not vote proxies for any underlying pooled vehicles, including the Underlying Funds. The Manager, or subadviser, as the case may be, of the Underlying Funds, would handle proxy voting for same.
In the unlikely event that a proxy is received by PGIM DC Solutions, it would be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by PGIM DC Solutions and would be voted in the best long-term economic interest of the client. Evaluation of such ballots will entail consideration of various factors as they relate to the particular issuer and/or proposed action, although not all factors may be relevant or of equal significance to a specific matter.
PGIM DC Solutions maintains its proxy voting policies and the voting records for all client accounts. In accordance with its obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, PGIM DC Solutions provides full disclosure of its proxy voting policy, guidelines and procedures to its clients upon their request, and will also provide to any client, upon request, the proxy the voting records for that client’s securities.
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APPENDIX II: DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITY RATINGS
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC. (“MOODY’S”)
Global Long Term Ratings
Aaa: Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa: Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba: Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a ‘(hyb)’ indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
*By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid security indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security.
Global Short-Term Ratings
P-1: Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2: Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3: Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Short-Term Municipal Ratings
MIG 1: This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2: This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3: This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG: This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”)
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings*
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AAA: An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A: An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C: Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The ‘CC’ rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C: An obligation rated ‘C’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D: An obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
*Ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1: A short-term obligation rated 'A-1' is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: A short-term obligation rated 'A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: A short-term obligation rated 'A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
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B: A short-term obligation rated 'B' is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C: A short-term obligation rated 'C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D: A short-term obligation rated 'D' is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to 'D' if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
An S&P U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining the type of rating if any, to assign, S&P’s analysis will review the following considerations.
■ Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
■ Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1: Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2: Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3: Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D: ‘D’ is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
FITCH RATINGS LTD. (“Fitch”)
Issuer Default Ratings
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
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B: Highly Speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Near Default. A default or default-like process has begun, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a ‘C’ category rating for an issuer include:
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The issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation;
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The formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange; and
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A closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent.
RD: Restricted default. ‘RD’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced:
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An uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but
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Has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and
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Has not otherwise ceased operating.
This would include:
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The selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt;
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The uncured expiry of any applicable original grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation.
D: Default. ‘D’ ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or that has otherwise ceased business and debt is still outstanding.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.
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Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers and Obligations
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
Within rating categories, Fitch may use modifiers. The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. For example, the rating category ‘AA’ has three notch-specific rating levels (‘AA+’; ‘AA’; ‘AA-‘; each a rating level). Such suffixes are not added to ‘AAA’ ratings and ratings below the ‘CCC’ category. For the short-term rating category of ‘F1’, a “+” may be appended.
PGIM Retirement Spending Funds 66
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits.
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(a)(1) |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
(4) |
|
|
(5) |
|
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(6) |
|
|
(7) |
|
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(8) |
|
|
(9) |
|
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(b) |
|
|
(c) |
|
|
|
PGIM Global Real Estate Fund |
|
(d)(1)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
C-1
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(2)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(iii) |
|
|
(iv) |
Amended and Restated Subadvisory Agreement between PGIM Investments LLC, PGIM, Inc. and PGIM Fund
Management Limited with respect to PGIM Global Real Estate Fund. Incorporated by reference to corresponding
exhibit to Post-Effective Amendment no. 78 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 333-42705) Filed
on December 28, 2021. |
|
|
PGIM US Real Estate Fund |
|
(d)(3)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(4)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
|
PGIM Short Duration Muni Fund |
|
(d)(5)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
C-2
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(iii) |
|
|
(iv) |
|
|
(6)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(iii) |
|
|
|
PGIM Jennison Technology Fund |
|
(d)(7)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(8) |
|
|
|
PGIM Jennison NextGeneration Global Opportunities Fund |
|
(d)(9)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(10) |
|
C-3
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
|
PGIM Jennison International Small-Mid Cap Opportunities Fund |
|
(d)(11)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(12) |
|
|
|
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund |
|
(d)(13)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(14) |
|
|
|
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund |
|
(d)(15)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(16) |
|
|
|
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund |
|
(d)(17)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(18) |
|
|
(e)(1) |
|
C-4
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(2) |
|
|
(g)(1) |
|
|
(2)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(h)(1)(i) |
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|
(ii) |
|
|
(2)(i) |
|
|
(ii) |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
(i)(1) |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
(4) |
C-5
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(5) |
|
|
(6) |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
(8) |
|
|
(9) |
|
|
(j) |
Consent of independent registered public accounting firm. N/A. |
|
(k) |
Not applicable. |
|
(l) |
|
|
(m)(1) |
|
|
(2) |
|
|
(3) |
|
|
(4) |
|
|
(5) |
C-6
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(6) |
|
|
(7) |
|
|
(8) |
|
|
(n) |
|
|
(o) |
Power of Attorney dated December 6, 2023. |
|
(p)(1) |
|
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(2) |
|
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(3) |
|
|
(4) |
|
|
(5) |
Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with the Registrant.
None.
Item 30. Indemnification.
Subject to the limitations of Section 17(h) and (i) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and pursuant to Del. Code Ann. Title 12 sec. 3817, a Delaware business trust may provide in its governing instrument for the indemnification of its officers and trustees from and against any and all claims and demands. Article VII, Section 2 of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust states that (1) the Registrant shall indemnify any present trustee or officer to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability, and all expenses reasonably incurred
C-7
by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of his or her service as a trustee, officer or both, and against any amount incurred in settlement thereof and (2) all persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against Registrant shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series (or if no Series has yet been established, only to the assets of the Registrant). In addition, Article XI of Registrant’s By-Laws provides that any trustee, officer, employee or other agent of the Registrant shall be indemnified by Registrant against all liabilities and expenses subject to certain limitations and exceptions contained in Article XI of the By-Laws. Indemnification will not be provided to a person adjudged by a court or other adjudicatory body to be liable to the Registrant or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties (collectively “disabling conduct”). In the event of a settlement, no indemnification may be provided unless there has been a determination, as specified in the Declaration of Trust, that the officer did not engage in disabling conduct. As permitted by Section 17(i) of the 1940 Act, pursuant to Section 10 of the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor of the Registrant may be indemnified against liabilities which it may incur, except liabilities arising from bad faith, gross negligence, willful misfeasance or reckless disregard of duties.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act) may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission (Commission) such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1940 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer, or controlling person of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1940 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Registrant has purchased an insurance policy insuring its officers and Trustees against liabilities, and certain costs of defending claims against such officers and Trustees, to the extent such officers and Trustees are not found to have committed conduct constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties. The insurance policy also insures the Registrant against the cost of indemnification payments to officers and Trustees under certain circumstances.
Section 8 of the Management Agreements and Section 4 of the Subadvisory Agreements limit the liability of PGIM Investments LLC, PGIM, Inc., Jennison Associates LLC, and PGIM DC Solutions LLC respectively, to liabilities arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of their respective duties or from reckless disregard by them of their respective obligations and duties under the agreements.
Item 31. Business and other Connections of the Investment Adviser.
PGIM Investments LLC (“PGIM Investments”)
See the Prospectus constituting Part A of this Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI) constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.
The business profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the officers and directors of PGIM Investments during the past two years are listed in Schedules A and D of Form ADV of PGIM Investments as currently on file with the Commission (File No. 801-31104), the text of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
PGIM, Inc. (“PGIM”)
See the Prospectus constituting Part A of this Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.
C-8
The profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the officers and directors of PGIM, Inc. during the past two years are included in Schedule A and D of Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File No. 801-22808), as most recently amended, the text of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
PGIM Real Estate
See the Prospectus constituting Part A of the Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.
The business and other connections of the directors and executive officers of PGIM Real Estate (which is a unit of PGIM, Inc.) are included in Schedule A and D of Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File No. 801-22808), as most recently amended, the text of which is hereby incorporated reference.
PGIM Real Estate (UK) Limited
See the Prospectus constituting Part A of the Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI constituting Part B of this Registration Statement.
The business and other connections of the directors and executive officers of PGIM Real Estate (UK) Limited (which is a unit of PGIM, Inc.) are included in Schedule A and D of Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File No. 801-79872), the text of which is hereby incorporated reference.
Jennison Associates LLC (Jennison)
See the Prospectus constituting a portion of Part A of this Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI.
The business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the officers and directors of Jennison during the past two years is included in its Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (801-5608), the relevant text of which is incorporated herein by reference.
PGIM DC Solutions LLC
See the Prospectus constituting Part A of this Registration Statement and “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI.
The business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the officers and directors of PGIM DC Solutions LLC during the past two years is included in its Form ADV as currently on file with the Commission (File No. 801-125785), the relevant text of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. Principal Underwriters.
(a) Prudential Investment Management Services LLC (PIMS) is distributor for PGIM Rock ETF Trust, PGIM Credit Income Fund, PGIM Private Credit Fund, PGIM Private Real Estate Fund, Inc., PGIM ETF Trust, Prudential Government Money Market Fund, Inc., The Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc., Prudential Investment Portfolios 2, Prudential Investment Portfolios 3, Prudential Investment Portfolios Inc. 14, Prudential Investment Portfolios 4, Prudential Investment Portfolios 5, Prudential Investment Portfolios 6, Prudential National Muni Fund, Inc., Prudential Jennison Blend Fund, Inc., Prudential Jennison Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Inc., Prudential Investment Portfolios 7, Prudential Investment Portfolios 8, Prudential Jennison Small Company Fund, Inc., Prudential Investment Portfolios 9, Prudential World Fund, Inc., Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 10, Prudential Jennison Natural Resources Fund, Inc., Prudential Global Total Return Fund, Inc., Prudential Investment Portfolios 12, Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 15, Prudential Investment Portfolios 16, Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 17, Prudential Investment Portfolios 18, Prudential Sector Funds, Inc. Prudential Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund, Inc., The Target Portfolio Trust, and The Prudential Series Fund.
C-9
PIMS is also distributor of the following other investment companies: Separate Accounts: Prudential’s Gibraltar Fund, Inc., The Prudential Variable Contract GI-2, The Pruco Life Flexible Premium Variable Annuity Account, The Pruco Life of New Jersey Flexible Premium Variable Annuity Account, The Prudential Individual Variable Contract Account, The Prudential Qualified Individual Variable Contract Account and PRIAC Variable Contract Account A.
(b) The following table sets forth information regarding certain officers of PIMS. As a limited liability company, PIMS has no directors.
|
Name and Principal Business Address |
Positions and Offices with Underwriter |
Positions and Offices with Registrant |
|
Andre T. Carrier (2) |
President |
N/A |
|
Scott E. Benjamin (2)
|
Vice President |
Board Member and
Vice President |
|
H. Soo Lee (1)
|
Senior Vice President, Chief
Legal Officer and Secretary |
N/A |
|
John N. Christolini (3)
|
Senior Vice President and
Chief Compliance Officer |
N/A |
|
Karen Leibowitz (2)
|
Senior Vice President and Chief
Administrative Officer |
N/A |
|
Robert Smit (4)
|
Senior Vice President, Controller
and Chief Financial Officer |
N/A |
|
Hansjerg Schlenker (2)
|
Senior Vice President and
Chief Operations Officer |
N/A |
|
Peter Puzio (3)
|
Senior Vice President |
N/A |
|
Kevin Chaillet (3)
|
Treasurer |
N/A |
|
Kelly Florio (4)
|
Vice President and Anti-Money
Laundering Officer |
Anti-Money Laundering
Compliance Officer |
Principal Business Addresses:
(1)
213 Washington Street, Newark, NJ 07102
(2)
655 Broad Street, Newark, NJ 07102
(3)
280 Trumbull Street, Hartford, CT 06103
(4)
751 Broad Street, Newark NJ, 07102
(c) Registrant has no principal underwriter who is not an affiliated person of the Registrant.
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records.
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the Rules thereunder are maintained at the offices of Bank of New York Mellon, 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, PGIM DC Solutions LLC, 655 Broad Street, 16th Floor, Newark NJ 07102, PGIM, Inc., 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, PGIM Real Estate, 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, PGIM Real Estate (UK) Limited, Grand Buildings, 1-3 Strand, Trafalgar Square, London WC2N 5HR, Jennison Associates LLC, 744 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017, the Registrant, 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, and Prudential Mutual Fund Services LLC (PMFS), 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102.
Documents required by Rules 31a-1(b) (4), (5), (6), (7), (9), (10) and (11) and 31a-1 (d) and (f) will be kept at 655 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, and the remaining accounts, books and other documents required by such other pertinent provisions of Section 31(a) and the Rules promulgated thereunder will be kept by BNY and PMFS.
Item 34. Management Services.
Other than as set forth under the captions “How the Fund is Managed-Manager” and “How the Fund is Managed-Distributor” in the Prospectus and the caption “Management and Advisory Arrangements” in the SAI, constituting Parts A and B, respectively, of this Registration Statement, Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.
C-10
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Newark, and State of New Jersey, on the 2nd day of April, 2024.
|
Prudential Investment Portfolios 12 |
|
* |
|
Stuart S. Parker, President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
|
Signature |
Title |
Date |
|
*
Ellen S. Alberding |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Kevin J. Bannon |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Scott E. Benjamin |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Linda W. Bynoe |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Barry H. Evans |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Keith F. Hartstein |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Laurie Simon Hodrick |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Stuart S. Parker |
Trustee and President, Principal Executive Officer |
|
|
*
Brian K. Reid |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Grace C. Torres |
Trustee |
|
|
*
Christian J. Kelly |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
|
|
*
Russ Shupak |
Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer |
|
|
*By: /s/ George Hoyt
George Hoyt |
Attorney-in-Fact |
April 2, 2024 |
C-12
POWER OF ATTORNEY
for the PGIM Open End Fund Complex
for the PGIM Open End Fund Complex
The undersigned, directors/trustees and/or officers of each of the registered investment companies listed in Appendix A hereto, hereby authorize Andrew French, Claudia DiGiacomo, Melissa Gonzalez, Patrick McGuinness, Debra Rubano, George Hoyt and Devan Goolsby or any of them, as attorney-in-fact, to sign on his or her behalf in the capacities indicated (and not in such person’s personal individual capacity for personal financial or estate planning), the Registration Statement on Form N-1A or Form N-2, as applicable, filed for such registered investment company or any amendment thereto (including any pre-effective or post-effective amendments) and any subsequent Registration Statement of such registered investment company pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as applicable, and any and all supplements or other instruments in connection therewith on behalf of each registered investment company listed in Appendix A or any current or future series thereof, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
This Power of Attorney may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but which taken together shall constitute one instrument.
|
|
|
|
/s/ Ellen S. Alberding
Ellen S. Alberding |
/s/ Laurie Simon Hodrick
Laurie Simon Hodrick |
|
/s/ Kevin J. Bannon
Kevin J. Bannon |
/s/ Christian J. Kelly
Christian J. Kelly |
|
/s/ Scott E. Benjamin
Scott E. Benjamin |
/s/ Stuart S. Parker
Stuart S. Parker |
|
/s/ Linda W. Bynoe
Linda W. Bynoe |
/s/ Brian K. Reid
Brian K. Reid |
|
/s/ Barry H. Evans
Barry H. Evans |
/s/ Russ Shupak
Russ Shupak |
|
/s/ Keith F. Hartstein
Keith F. Hartstein |
/s/ Grace C. Torres
Grace C. Torres |
|
|
|
|
Dated: December 6, 2023 |
|
C-13
APPENDIX A
Prudential Government Money Market Fund, Inc.
The Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 2
Prudential Investment Portfolios 3
Prudential Investment Portfolios Inc. 14
Prudential Investment Portfolios 4
Prudential Investment Portfolios 5
Prudential Investment Portfolios 6
Prudential National Muni Fund, Inc.
Prudential Jennison Blend Fund, Inc.
Prudential Jennison Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 7
Prudential Investment Portfolios 8
Prudential Jennison Small Company Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 9
Prudential World Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 10
Prudential Jennison Natural Resources Fund, Inc.
Prudential Global Total Return Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 12
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 15
Prudential Investment Portfolios 16
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 17
Prudential Investment Portfolios 18
Prudential Sector Funds, Inc.
Prudential Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund, Inc.
The Target Portfolio Trust
PGIM ETF Trust
PGIM Global High Yield Fund, Inc.
PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc
PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund
The Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 2
Prudential Investment Portfolios 3
Prudential Investment Portfolios Inc. 14
Prudential Investment Portfolios 4
Prudential Investment Portfolios 5
Prudential Investment Portfolios 6
Prudential National Muni Fund, Inc.
Prudential Jennison Blend Fund, Inc.
Prudential Jennison Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 7
Prudential Investment Portfolios 8
Prudential Jennison Small Company Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 9
Prudential World Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 10
Prudential Jennison Natural Resources Fund, Inc.
Prudential Global Total Return Fund, Inc.
Prudential Investment Portfolios 12
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 15
Prudential Investment Portfolios 16
Prudential Investment Portfolios, Inc. 17
Prudential Investment Portfolios 18
Prudential Sector Funds, Inc.
Prudential Short-Term Corporate Bond Fund, Inc.
The Target Portfolio Trust
PGIM ETF Trust
PGIM Global High Yield Fund, Inc.
PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc
PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund
Ms. Alberding does not serve as a Trustee of the PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund.
Ms. Bynoe and Ms. Hodrick do not serve as Directors of PGIM High Yield Bond Fund, Inc. and PGIM Global High Yield Fund, Inc. or as Trustees of PGIM Short Duration High Yield Opportunities Fund.
C-14
Prudential Investment Portfolios 12
Exhibit Index
|
Item 28
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
(d)(13)(i) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant and PGIM Investments LLC with respect to PGIM
Conservative Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(13)(ii) |
Expense Cap for PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(14) |
Subadvisory Agreement between PGIM Investments LLC and PGIM DC Solutions LLC with respect to
PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(15)(i) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant and PGIM Investments LLC with respect to PGIM
Moderate Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(15)(ii) |
Expense Cap for PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(16) |
Subadvisory Agreement between PGIM Investments LLC and PGIM DC Solutions LLC with respect to
PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(17)(i) |
Management Agreement between the Registrant and PGIM Investments LLC with respect to PGIM
Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(17)(ii) |
Expense Cap for PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(d)(18) |
Subadvisory Agreement between PGIM Investments LLC and PGIM DC Solutions LLC with respect to
PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund. |
|
(g)(2)(ii) |
Amendment dated April 1, 2024, to Custody Agreement between the Registrant and BNY, dated
November 7, 2002. |
|
(h)(1)(ii) |
Amendment dated April 1, 2024, to Amended and Restated Transfer Agency and Service Agreement
dated May 29, 2007. |
|
(h)(2)(ii) |
Amendment dated April 1, 2024, to the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement dated February
3, 2006, with the Bank of New York Mellon. |
|
(h)(3) |
Rule 12d1-4 Fund of Funds Investment Agreement dated April 1, 2024, between Prudential Investment
Portfolios 12 and the Vanguard Funds. |
|
(i)(9) |
Opinion and consent of Morris Nichols Arsht & Tunnell LLP as the legality of the securities being
registered PGIM Conservative Retirement Spending Fund, PGIM Moderate Retirement Spending Fund
and PGIM Enhanced Retirement Spending Fund. |
C-15
ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT - CONSERVATIVE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
EXPENSE CAP - CONSERVATIVE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT - CONSERVATIVE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT - MODERATE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
EXPENSE CAP - MODERATE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT - MODERATE RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT - ENHANCED RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
EXPENSE CAP - ENHANCED RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT - ENHANCED RETIREMENT SPENDING FUND
AMENDMENT DATED APRIL 1, 2024 TO CUSTODY AGREEMENT
AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED TRANSFER AGENCY AND SERVICE AGREEEMENT
AMENDMENT TO THE FUND ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING AGREEMENT
RULE 12D1-4 FUND OF FUNDS INVESTMENT AGREEMENT
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
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