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Form 485APOS Capitol Series Trust

October 5, 2018 5:51 PM EDT

File No.  333-191495

File No.  811-22895

 

 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [X]
     
  PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO.  
     
  POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 57   
     
  and/or  
     
  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 [X]
     
  AMENDMENT NO. 58  

 

Capitol Series Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246

 (Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

 

513-587-3400

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

Matthew J. Miller

President and Chief Executive Officer

Capitol Series Trust

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246

 (Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

Copy to:

Caleb C.B. DuBois

Bernstein, Shur, Sawyer & Nelson, P.A.

100 Middle Street

P.O. Box 9729

Portland, Maine 04104-5029

  

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective:

    immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
    on ______________ pursuant to paragraph (b)
    60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(i)
    on pursuant to paragraph (a)(i)
  X 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(ii)
    on pursuant to paragraph (a)(ii) of Rule 485

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

    This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The Funds may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion, dated October 5, 2018 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

December __, 2018

 

(LOGO)

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained
Equity Fund Equity Fund
A Shares – [       ] A Shares – [           ]
C Shares - [       ] Investor Shares - [________]
Investor Shares – FTHNX Institutional Shares - [_________]
Institutional Shares – FTHSX R6 Shares - [________]
R6 Shares – FTHFX  
Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap  
Growth Fund Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core
A Shares – [       ] Equity Fund
C Shares - [       ] A Shares – [           ]
Investor Shares – FTXNX Investor Shares - [________]
Institutional Shares – FTXSX Institutional Shares - [_________]
R6 Shares – FTXFX R6 Shares - [________]
   
Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund  
A Shares – [       ] Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap
Investor Shares – FTVNX Equity Fund
Institutional Shares – FTVSX A Shares – [           ]
R6 Shares – FTVZX Investor Shares - [________]
  Institutional Shares - [_________]
  R6 Shares - [________]

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc.  

411 Borel Avenue, Suite 300  

San Mateo, CA 94402  

1-888-912-4562

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved
these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this Prospectus.  

Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The Prospectus gives you important information about the funds that you should know
before you invest. Please read this Prospectus carefully before investing and  

use it for future reference.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

SECTION PAGE
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL-CAP EQUITY FUND  2
Investment Objective  2
Fees and Expenses of the Small-Cap Equity Fund  2
Principal Investment Strategies  3
Principal Investment Risks  4
Performance Information  5
Management of the Fund  7
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  7
Tax Information  7
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  7
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL-CAP GROWTH FUND  8
Investment Objective  8
Fees and Expenses of the Small-Cap Growth Fund  8
Principal Investment Strategies  9
Principal Investment Risks  10
Performance Information  11
Management of the Fund  12
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  12
Tax Information 12
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  12
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL MID-CAP VALUE FUND  13
Investment Objective  13
Fees and Expenses of the Mid-Cap Value Fund  13
Principal Investment Strategies  14
Principal Investment Risks  15
Performance Information  16
Management of the Fund  16
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  16
Tax Information  17
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  17
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER  & THALER BEHAVIORAL UNCONSTRAINED EQUITY FUND  18
Investment Objective  18
Fees and Expenses of the Unconstrained Equity Fund  18
Principal Investment Strategies  19
Principal Investment Risks  20
Performance Information  22
Management of the Fund  22
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  22
Tax Information  23
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  23

ii

 

SECTION PAGE
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER  & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL–MID CORE EQUITY FUND  24
Investment Objective  24
Fees and Expenses of the Small-Mid Core Equity Fund  24
Principal Investment Strategies  25
Principal Investment Risks  26
Performance Information  28
Management of the Fund  28
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  28
Tax Information  28
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  28
SUMMARY SECTION – FULLER  & THALER BEHAVIORAL MICRO-CAP EQUITY FUND  29
Investment Objective  29
Fees and Expenses of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund  29
Principal Investment Strategies  30
Principal Investment Risks  31
Performance Information  32
Management of the Fund  32
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares  33
Tax Information  33
Payments to Brokers-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries  33
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUNDS  34
Overview of the Funds  34
Investment Objective Updates  34
Additional Information About Fuller & Thaler’s Investment Process  35
Temporary Defensive Position  35
Portfolio Holdings Information  35
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUNDS  36
Account Information  40
CLASSES OF SHARES  41
HOW TO BUY SHARES  46
HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES  48
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES  48
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE  51
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES  51
Dividends and Distributions  51
Taxes  51
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS  53
The Adviser  53
Portfolio Managers  55

iii

 

SECTION PAGE
PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE ADVISER  57
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS  62

APPENDIX A - FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY SALES CHARGE VARIATIONS

 63
FOR MORE INFORMATION Back Cover

iv

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL-CAP EQUITY FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund (the “Small-Cap Equity Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Small-Cap Equity Fund

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund which are not reflected below. Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

  Share Class
  A C Investor Institutional R6

Shareholder Fees 

(fees paid directly from your investments) 

         

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases

(as a percentage of the offering price) 

5.75%(1) None None None None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price) 

1.00% 1.00% None None None

 

  

Share Class 

  A C Investor Institutional R6

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

         
Management Fees 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25% [1.00%] 0.25% None None
Other Expenses(2) [_.__%](3) [_.__%](3) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(4) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(4) [1.30%]

[1.80%] 

1.25% 0.99% 0.80%

 

 

 

(1)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

(2)Pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay financial intermediaries that provide certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to Fund shareholders a service fee not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s A Share Class and C Share Class and 0.20% of the Fund’s Investor and Institutional Share Classes. The Administrative Services Plan does not apply to the R6 Share Class, and that class does not pay any administrative services fees.

2

 

(3)“Other Expenses” on A Shares and C Shares are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

(4)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.80%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.80% for A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Previously, effective February 1, 2018 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.25%, 0.97% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund's average daily net assets. Previously effective February 1, 2017 to January 1, 2018, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.05%, 0.90%, and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The expense limitation does not apply to (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed during any of the previous 36 months, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

  Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each  period

Share Class 

1 Year 

3 Years 

5 Years

10 Years

A Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
C Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___ $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 was [ ]% of the average value of its portfolio. High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of small capitalization (“small-cap”) companies based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”). The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S. The Fund defines small-cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations are generally in the lowest 10% of total market capitalization or companies whose market capitalizations are smaller than the largest company in the Russell 2000® index, whichever results in the higher market capitalization break. Total market capitalization is based on the market capitalization of U.S. operating companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American LLC, Nasdaq Global Market(r), Nasdaq Capital Market(r), or such other securities exchanges deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Under the Adviser’s market capitalization guidelines described above, based on market capitalization data as of September 30, 2018, the market capitalization of a small cap company would be $7.672 billion or below. This dollar amount will change due to market conditions. The size of the companies included in the Russell 2000® Index will change as a result of market conditions and reconstitution of the Index.

3

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors. Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying, earnings announcements, and other news that suggest these types of investor misbehavior (over-reaction or under-reaction) and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. In summary, if an investor mistake is likely and the company has solid fundamentals, the portfolio managers buy the stock. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security. The Fund seeks to deliver similar risk characteristics to the Russell 2000® Index.

 

The final portfolio is expected to have diversification with respect to sectors. Before trading, the portfolio managers review the portfolio’s characteristics relative to its benchmark, and may adjust position sizes to control exposures to sectors, market beta, and other characteristics. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order).

 

Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible under- and over-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

 

Growth Investing Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the underlying companies’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material.

4

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

 

Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Value Investing Risk. The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. The market may not agree with the Adviser’s determination and the security’s price may not rise to what the Adviser believes is its full fair value.

 

Performance Information

 

The performance information below provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the performance of the Investor Shares from year to year. The performance of each of the Institutional Shares and R6 Shares is higher than the performance of the Investor Shares during the same periods because of lower fees and expenses paid by these classes.

 

The table shows the average annual returns of the Investor Shares, Institutional Shares (formerly, Select Shares) and R6 Shares (formerly, Institutional Shares), for the periods of 1 Year, 5 Years and Since Inception compared to a broad-based market index.

 

Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for more current performance information.

 

Past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily predictive of future performance.

5

 

Small-Cap Equity Fund(1) 

Calendar Year Total Returns – Investor Shares

 

(GRAPHIC)

 

Highest and Lowest Quarter  Returns 

(for periods shown in the bar chart) 

     
Highest 1/1/2012 –  3/31/2012 14.47%
Lowest 7/1/2015 –  9/30/2015 (5.32)%

 

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS(1) 

(for periods ended 12/31/2017)

 

 

1 Year

5 Years

Since Inception
(9/8/11)

Small-Cap Equity Fund      
Investor Shares - Before Taxes 17.25% 17.13% 17.89%
Investor Shares - After Taxes on Distributions(2) 17.22%  14.20% 15.09%
Investor Shares - After Tax on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares(2) 9.79%  12.77% 13.58%
A Shares -  Before Taxes NA NA NA
C Shares – Before Taxes NA NA NA
Institutional Shares -  Before Taxes 17.35% 17.31% 18.08%
R6 Shares - Before Taxes  17.47% 17.47% 18.24%
Russell 2000® Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)(3) 14.65% 14.12% 14.99%

 

(1)The Fund is the accounting successor to a series of Allianz Funds Multi-Strategy Trust, which commenced operations on September 8, 2011, and for which the Adviser served as the sole sub-adviser (the “Predecessor Fund”). In a transaction that was consummated on October 23, 2015 (the “Reorganization”), the Fund acquired the assets and liabilities of: the A, C, and D Classes of the Predecessor Fund (tickers- AZFAX, AZFCX, and AZFDX respectively), which became the Investor Shares of the Fund; the Class P Shares of the Predecessor Fund (ticker AZFPX), which became the Institutional Shares of the Fund; and the Institutional Shares of the Predecessor Fund (ticker AZFIX), which became the R6 Shares of the Fund. Accordingly, the performance results shown above in the bar chart and the average annual total returns table for periods prior to October 23, 2015 represent the performance of the Predecessor Fund and its classes. The Fund’s performance has not been restated to reflect any differences in expenses paid by the Predecessor Fund and those paid by the Fund. In addition, the Fund’s performance during the periods reflected in the bar chart and table may have been different from that of the Predecessor Fund due to some differences in their principal investment strategies.

 

(2)After-tax returns are estimated using the highest historical individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold Fund shares through tax- deferred arrangements such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are for Investor shares only. The Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares for a period may be greater than the Return After Taxes on Distributions for the same period if there was a loss realized on the sale of Fund shares. The benefit of the tax loss (to the extent it can be used to offset other gains) may result in a higher return. After-tax returns for other share classes will vary.

6

 

(3)The Russell 2000® Index is a widely recognized unmanaged index of equity securities and is representative of a broader domestic equity market and range of securities than is found in the Fund’s portfolio. The Russell 2000® Index measures the performance of the small-cap segment of the US equity universe and is a subset of the Russell 3000® Index. Individuals cannot invest directly in an Index; however, an individual can invest in exchange traded funds or other investment vehicles that attempt to track the performance of a benchmark index.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Raife Giovinazzo, Ph.D., CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager of the Fund, has managed the Fund and its predecessor since 2013.

 

Russell Fuller, Ph.D., CFA, Founder, Chief Investment Officer and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has managed the Fund and its predecessor since 2011.

 

Frederick Stanske, CFA, Partner and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has served as Back-Up Portfolio Manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

C Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types 

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types 

A Shares: $50 for all account types 

C Shares: $50 for all account types 

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types 

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types 

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types

  

Investments in A Shares and C Shares may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562  

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

7

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL-CAP GROWTH FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund (the “Small-Cap Growth Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Small-Cap Growth Fund

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund which are not reflected below. . Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

  Share Class
  A C Investor Institutional R6

Shareholder Fees 

(fees paid directly from your investments) 

         

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases 

(as a percentage of the offering price) 

5.75%(1) None None None None

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price) 

1.00% 1.00% None None None

 

 

Share Class 

  A C Investor Institutional  R6 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses  

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment

         
Management Fees 0.85% 0.85% 0.85% 0.85% 0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25% [_.__%] 0.25% None None
Other Expenses(2) [_.__%](3) [_.__%](3) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(4) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(3) 1.30% 1.80% 1.25% 0.99% 0.90%

 

 

(1)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

(2)Pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay financial intermediaries that provide certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to Fund shareholders a service fee not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s A and C Share Classes and 0.20% of the Fund’s Investor and Institutional Share Classes. The Administrative Services Plan does not apply to the R6 Share Class, and that class does not pay any administrative services fees.

(3)Other expenses on A Shares and C Shares are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

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(4)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.80% 1.25%, 0.99%, and 0.90% for A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Previously, effective December 20, 2017 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.24%, 0.99% and 0.90% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund's average daily net assets. The expense limitation does not apply to (i) interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

  Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each  period

Share Class

1 Year

3 Years

5 Years

10 Years

A Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
C Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___ $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate from its inception on December 21, 2017 through the September 30, 2018 end of its fiscal year was [ ]% of the average value of its portfolio (non-annualized). High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of small capitalization (“small-cap”) companies based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”). The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S. The Fund defines small-cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations are generally in the lowest 10% of total market capitalization or companies whose market capitalizations are smaller than the largest company in the Russell 2000® index, whichever results in the higher market capitalization break. Total market capitalization is based on the market capitalization of U.S. operating companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American LLC, Nasdaq Global Market(r), Nasdaq Capital Market(r), or such other securities exchanges deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Under the Adviser’s market capitalization guidelines described above, based on market capitalization data as of September 30, 2018, the market capitalization of a small cap company would be $7.672 billion or below. This dollar amount will change due to market conditions. The size of the companies included in the Russell 2000® Index will change as a result of market conditions and reconstitution of the Index. The Fund screens for companies that historically have above average earnings or sales growth and retention of earnings. Often such companies have above average price to earnings ratios.

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The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors. Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to earnings announcements and other news that suggest investor under-reaction and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. The Fund screens for companies that historically have above average earnings or sales growth and retention of earnings. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security. The Fund seeks to deliver similar risk characteristics to the Russell 2000® Growth Index.

 

The final portfolio is expected to have diversification with respect to sectors. Before trading, the portfolio managers review the portfolio’s characteristics relative to its benchmark, and may adjust position sizes to control exposures to sectors, market beta, and other characteristics. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order).

 

Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible under-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

 

Growth Investing Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the underlying companies’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material.

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

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Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund has limited operating history and there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Trust’s Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Turnover Risk. High levels of portfolio turnover increase transaction costs and taxes and may lower investment performance.

 

Performance Information

 

Annual return information will be incorporated once the Fund has operated for a full calendar year. This performance information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year-to-year and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for current performance information.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Frederick Stanske, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has managed the Fund since its inception.

Raymond Lin, CFA, Partner and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has been the back-up portfolio manager of this strategy since 2006 and has been the back-up portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception.

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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

C Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types 

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types 

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types

A Shares: $50 for all account types 

C Shares: $50 for all account types 

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types 

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types 

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types 

 

Investments in A Shares and C Shares may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707  

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707  

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562  

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL MID-CAP VALUE FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund (the “Mid-Cap Value Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Mid-Cap Value Fund

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund, which are not reflected below.

 

Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

 

Share Class

  A(1) Investor Institutional R6

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investments)

       

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of the offering price)

5.75%(2) None None None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price) 1.00% None None None

 

 

Share Class

  A(1)  Investor Institutional  R6

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

       
Management Fees 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25 % 0.25 % None None
Other Expenses(3) [_.__%](4) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(5) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(5) 1.20% 1.15% 0.90% 0.80%

 

 
(1)The Fund’s A Shares have been approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees but are not yet available for purchase and are not being offered at this time. The Fund’s A Shares will be registered and offered for sale at a later date.

(2)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

(3)Pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay financial intermediaries that provide certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to Fund shareholders a service fee not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s A Share Class and 0.20% of the Fund’s Investor and Institutional Share Classes. The Administrative Services Plan does not apply to the R6 Share Class, and that class does not pay any administrative services fees.

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(4)Other expenses on A Shares are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

(5)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.20%, 1.15%, 0.90%, and 0.80% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Previously, effective December 20, 2017 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.14%, 0.89% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund's average daily net assets. The expense limitation does not apply to: (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed during any of the previous 36 months, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

  Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each  period

Share Class

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___ $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___ $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate from its inception on December 21, 2017 through the September 30, 2018 end of its fiscal year was []% of the average value of its portfolio. High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of medium capitalization (“mid-cap”) companies based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”). The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S. The Fund defines mid-cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations are generally in the lowest 40% of total market capitalization or companies whose market capitalizations are smaller than the largest company in the Russell MidCap® index, whichever results in the higher market capitalization break. Total market capitalization is based on the market capitalization of U.S. operating companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American LLC, Nasdaq Global Market®, Nasdaq Capital Market®, or such other securities exchanges deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Under the Adviser’s market capitalization guidelines described above, based on market capitalization data as of September 30, 2018, the market capitalization of a mid-cap company would be $42.68 billion or below. This dollar amount will change due to market conditions. The size of the companies included in the Russell MidCap® Index will change as a result of market conditions and reconstitution of the Index.

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors. Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying and other news that suggest investor over-reaction and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security. The Fund seeks to deliver similar risk characteristics to the Russell MidCap® Value Index.

14

 

The final portfolio is expected to have diversification with respect to sectors. Before trading, the portfolio managers review the portfolio’s characteristics relative to its benchmark, and may adjust position sizes to control exposures to sectors, market beta, and other characteristics. The Fund may also invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order).

 

Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible over-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material.

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

 

Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

15

 

Mid-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of mid-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Mid-cap companies may have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Mid-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of mid-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of mid-cap companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund has limited operating history and there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Trust’s Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Value Investing Risk. The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. The market may not agree with the Adviser’s determination and the security’s price may not rise to what the Adviser believes is its full fair value.  

 

Performance Information

 

Annual return information will be incorporated once the Fund has operated for a full calendar year. This performance information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year-to-year and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for current performance information.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

David Potter, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has managed the Fund since its inception.

 

Ryam Lee, CFA, Analyst, has been an analyst on the Fund since its inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types

A Shares: $50 for all account types

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types

16

 

Investments in A Shares, when available, may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

17

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL UNCONSTRAINED EQUITY FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund (the “Unconstrained Equity Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Unconstrained Equity Fund

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Unconstrained Equity Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund, which are not reflected below. Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

 

Share Class

  A(1) Investor(1) Institutional R6

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investments)

       

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of the offering price)

5.75%(2) None None None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price) 1.00% None None None

 

 

Share Class

  A(1)  Investor(1) Institutional R6

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

       
Management Fees 0.85% 0.85% 0.85% 0.85%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25 % 0.25 % None None
Other Expenses(3)(4) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(5) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(5) [1.30%] [1.25%] [0.99%] [0.90%]

 

 
(1)The Fund’s A Shares and Investor Shares have been approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees but are not yet available for purchase and are not being offered at this time. The Fund’s A Shares and Investor Shares will be registered and offered for sale at a later date.

(2)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

(3)Other expenses are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

(4)Pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay financial intermediaries that provide certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to Fund shareholders a service fee not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s A Share Class and 0.20% of the Fund’s Investor and Institutional Share Classes. The Administrative Services Plan does not apply to the R6 Share Class, and that class does not pay any administrative services fees.

18

 

(5)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.90% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. The expense limitation does not apply to: (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed during any of the previous 36 months, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each period

Share Class

1 Year

3 Years

A Shares $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance. The Unconstrained Equity Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is normally expected to be below 50%. Since the Fund has yet to commence operations, no portfolio turnover information is available for its most recently completed fiscal year.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of companies of all market capitalizations based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”),. The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S.

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a non-diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors.

 

Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. For example, investor over-reaction may occur when investors become extremely pessimistic about a particular company’s stock due to negative information about that company, e.g. a falling share price, unfavorable news reports, analyst downgrades, etc. Fuller & Thaler regards this negative investor sentiment as excessive and an over-reaction when it persists despite significant bullish signals coming from a company’s management. Similarly, investor under-reaction occurs when investors’ anchoring and over-confidence biases cause them to under-react to new information--especially new information that is inconsistent with their previous analysis of a stock. For example, one type of situation that Fuller & Thaler looks for is significant positive earnings surprises versus consensus earnings forecasts, where sustainable, company-specific improvements have driven better-than-expected earnings. Because of its long-term investment orientation, the Fund further narrows its universe by only investing in a small subset of these under-reaction stocks: those where under-reaction has historically occurred with unusual consistency and frequency.

19

 

At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler employs proprietary screening tools to help identify stocks where such behavioral biases are occurring. This is not a quantitative strategy, and no quantitative factor model is used in the investment process. Through its screening tools, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying, earnings announcements, and other news that suggest these types of investor misbehavior (over-reaction or under-reaction) and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company, which includes a credit-style/downside analysis of the company to determine whether it is suitable for a long-term, multi-year holding period. The portfolio manager performs this stock-specific research and makes all buy and sell decisions for the strategy. In summary, if an investor mistake is likely and the company has solid fundamentals, the portfolio managers buy the stock. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security.

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. The Fund will invest in liquid REITs that generally are included in the Russell 3000®, the Fund’s benchmark index.

 

The Fund is non-diversified and therefore may invest a greater percentage of its net assets in the securities of fewer issuers than a diversified Fund. The Fund may also invest greater than 25% of the Fund’s total assets in a particular industry or group of industries and in particular sectors.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order). Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible under- and over-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Concentration Risk. Greater than 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be exposed to a particular industry. By concentrating its investments in an industry or sector, the Fund may face more risks than if it were diversified broadly over numerous industries or sectors.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

20

 

Growth Investing Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the underlying companies’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material. When the Fund invests in another investment company such as a business development company or an ETF, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses payable directly by the investment company. Therefore, the Fund will incur additional expenses, some of which are duplicative of the Fund’s own operational expenses. In addition, the Fund will be affected by losses incurred by these investment companies and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of the investment companies (such as the use of leverage). The Fund has no control over the investments made by these investment companies. Business development companies and ETFs are subject to additional risks such as the fact their shares may trade at a market price above or below their net asset values or an active market may not develop.

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

 

Large Cap Company Risk. Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors, potentially resulting in lower market prices for their common stock.

 

Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk: Returns from small and micro-capitalization growth stocks may trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, small and micro-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently. Small and microcap-size companies tend to have greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

 

Mid-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of mid-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Mid-cap companies may have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Mid-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of mid-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of mid-cap companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund has limited operating history and there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Trust’s Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. Investment in the securities of a limited number of issuers or sectors exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potentially greater market losses than if its investments were diversified in securities and sectors.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

21

 

Sector Risk. The Adviser may allocate more of the Fund’s investments to a particular sector or sectors in the market. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors, its investment portfolio will be more susceptible to the financial, economic, business, and political developments that affect those sectors.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Value Investing Risk. The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. The market may not agree with the Adviser’s determination and the security’s price may not rise to what the Adviser believes is its full fair value.

 

Performance Information

 

Annual return information will be incorporated once the Fund has operated for a full calendar year. This performance information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year-to-year and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for current performance information.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Raymond Lin, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has been the Portfolio Manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Raife Giovinazzo, Ph.D., CFA, Partner and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has been the back-up portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types

A Shares: $50 for all account types

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types

 

Investments in A Shares, when available, may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

22

 

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

23

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL SMALL–MID CORE EQUITY FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund (the “Small-Mid Core Equity Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Small-Mid Core Equity Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund, which are not reflected below. Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

 

Share Class

  A(1) Investor(1) Institutional R6(1)

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investments)

       

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of the offering price)

5.75%(2) None None None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price)  1.00% None None None

 

 

Share Class

  A(1)  Investor(1) Institutional R6(1)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

       
Management Fees 0.80% 0.80% 0.80% 0.80%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25 % 0.25 % None None
Other Expenses(3)(4) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(5) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(5) [1.26%] [1.21%] [0.95%] [0.85%]

 

 

 

(1)The Fund’s A Shares, Investor Shares and R6 shares have been approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees but are not yet available for purchase and are not being offered at this time. The Fund’s A Shares, Investor Shares, and R6 Shares will be registered and offered for sale at a later date.

(2)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

(3)“Other Expenses” are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

(4)Pursuant to an Administrative Services Plan, the Fund may pay financial intermediaries that provide certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to Fund shareholders a service fee not to exceed 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund’s A Share Class and 0.20% of the Fund’s Investor and Institutional Share Classes. The Administrative Services Plan does not apply to the R6 Share Class, and that class does not pay any administrative services fees.

24

 

(5)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.26%, 1.21%, 0.95% and 0.85% for A Shares, Investor Shares Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020 The expense limitation does not apply to: (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each period

Share Class

1 Year

3 Years

A Shares $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance. The Fund is typically expected to have a portfolio turnover rate of less than 80%. Since the Fund has yet to commence operations, no portfolio turnover information is available for its most recently completed fiscal year.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of small to medium capitalization (“smid cap”) companies based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”). The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S. The Fund defines small/mid-cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations are generally in the bottom 30% of total market capitalization or companies whose market capitalizations are smaller than the largest company in the Russell 2500® Index, whichever results in the higher market capitalization break. Total market capitalization is based on the market capitalization of U.S. operating companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American LLC, Nasdaq Global Market®, Nasdaq Capital Market®, or such other securities exchanges deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Under the Adviser’s market capitalization guidelines described above, based on market capitalization data as of September 30, 2018, the market capitalization of a small- or mid-cap company would be $30.12 billion or below. This dollar amount will change due to market conditions. The size of the companies included in the Russell 2500® Index will change as a result of market conditions and reconstitution of the Index.

25

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors. Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying, earnings announcements, and other news that suggest these types of investor misbehavior (over-reaction or under-reaction) and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. In summary, if an investor mistake is likely and the company has solid fundamentals, the portfolio managers buy the stock. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security. The Fund seeks to deliver similar risk characteristics to the Russell 2500® Index.

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. The Fund may invest greater than 25% of the Fund’s total assets in particular sectors.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order).

 

Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible over-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

 

Growth Investing Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the underlying companies’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material.

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

26

 

Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

 

Mid-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of mid-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Mid-cap companies may have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Mid-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of mid-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of mid-cap companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund has limited operating history and there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Trust’s Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

 

Sector Risk. The Adviser may allocate more of the Fund’s investments to a particular sector or sectors in the market. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors, its investment portfolio will be more susceptible to the financial, economic, business, and political developments that affect those sectors.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Value Investing Risk. The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. The market may not agree with the Adviser’s determination and the security’s price may not rise to what the Adviser believes is its full fair value.

27

 

Performance Information

 

Annual return information will be incorporated once the Fund has operated for a full calendar year. This performance information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year-to-year and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for current performance information.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Raymond Lin, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has been the Portfolio Manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Raife Giovinazzo, Ph.D., CFA, Partner and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has been the back-up portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types

A Shares: $50 for all account types

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types

 

Investments in A Shares, when available, may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

 

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

28

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

FULLER & THALER BEHAVIORAL MICRO-CAP EQUITY FUND

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund (the “Micro-Cap Equity Fund” or the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund(1)

 

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund. Investors may also pay commissions or other fees to their financial intermediary when they buy and hold shares of the Fund, which are not reflected below. Certain financial intermediaries also may offer variations in Fund sales charges to their customers as described in Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations in this Prospectus. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and as described in this prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES” and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund also permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described in the prospectus under “CLASSES OF SHARES – A Shares”.

 

 

Share Class

  A(1) Investor(1) Institutional R6(1)

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investments)

       

Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of the offering price)

5.75%(2) None None None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Redemptions (as a percentage of the sale price) 1.00% None None None

 

 

Share Class 

  A(1)  Investor(1) Institutional R6(1)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

       
Management Fees 1.50% 1.50% 1.50% 1.50%
Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees 0.25 % 0.25 % None None
Other Expenses(3) [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%] [_.__%]
Expense Reductions(4) [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%] [(_.__)%]
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions(4) [2.04%]

[1.99%]

[1.75%] [1.65%]

 

 

 

(1)The Fund and all of its classes have been approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees but are not yet available for purchase and are not being offered at this time. The Fund will commence operations, and its A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, will each be registered and offered for sale at a later date.

(2)No initial sales charge is assessed on aggregated purchases of $1 million or more in all Fuller & Thaler Funds.

29

 

(3)Other expenses are based on estimated expenses for the current fiscal year.

(4)The Fund’s investment adviser, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 2.04%, 1.99%, 1.75% and 1.65% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. The expense limitation does not apply to: (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This Expense Limitation Agreement may be terminated by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) at any time.

 

Example:

 

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in shares of the Fund with the costs of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the noted class of shares for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of these periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, and the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, the Example shows what your costs would be based on these assumptions. The Example is based, for the first year, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reductions and, for all other periods, on Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses.

 

Example: Assuming you redeem your shares at the end of each period

Share Class

1 Year

3 Years

A Shares $___ $___
Investor Shares $___ $___
Institutional Shares $___ $___
R6 Shares $___ $___

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). High levels of portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes for you if your Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example above, can adversely affect the Fund’s investment performance. The Fund is typically expected to have a portfolio turnover rate of approximately 100% or more. Since the Fund has yet to commence operations, no portfolio turnover information is available for its most recently completed fiscal year.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in common stocks of micro capitalization (“micro-cap”) companies based in the U.S. (“80% Policy”). The Fund must provide shareholders with 60 days’ prior written notice if it changes its 80% Policy. The Fund considers a company to be based in the U.S. if it is publicly traded in the U.S. and it satisfies one or more of the following additional criteria: it is incorporated in the U.S., it is headquartered in the U.S., its reported assets are primarily located in the U.S., or it derives the majority of its revenue from the U.S. The Fund defines micro-cap companies as companies whose market capitalizations are generally in the lowest 5% of total market capitalization or companies whose market capitalizations are smaller than the 1,500th largest U.S. company or smaller than the largest stock in the Russell Microcap® Index, whichever results in the higher market capitalization break. Total market capitalization is based on the market capitalization of U.S. operating companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American LLC, Nasdaq Global Market(r), Nasdaq Capital Market(r), or such other securities exchanges deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Under the Adviser’s market capitalization guidelines described above, based on market capitalization data as of September 30, 2018, the market capitalization of a micro-cap company would be $2.432 billion or below. This dollar amount will change due to market conditions. The size of the companies included in the Russell Microcap® Index will change as a result of market conditions and reconstitution of the Index and universe.

 

The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by building a diversified portfolio of U.S. stocks in a disciplined process that applies the proprietary research of Fuller & Thaler, the Fund’s investment adviser, on the behavioral biases of other investors. Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying, earnings announcements, and other news that suggest these types of investor misbehavior (over-reaction or under-reaction) and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. In summary, if an investor mistake is likely and the company has solid fundamentals, the portfolio managers buy the stock. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Fund expects to hold a particular security.

30

 

The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that generally invest in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. The Fund may also invest greater than 25% of the Fund’s total assets in a particular industry or group of industries and in particular sectors.

 

The Fund may also lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized by liquid securities and cash. The Fund may invest cash collateral received in securities consistent with its principal investment strategy.

 

Principal Investment Risks

 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are listed below (in alphabetical order).

 

Please see “Additional Information Regarding Principal Risks” in the Fund’s prospectus for a more detailed description of the Fund’s risks. It is possible to lose money on an investment in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible under-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Concentration Risk. Greater than 25% of a Fund’s total assets may be exposed to a particular industry. By concentrating its investments in an industry or sector, the Fund may face more risks than if it were diversified broadly over numerous industries or sectors.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Equity securities may react more strongly to changes in an issuer’s financial condition or prospects than other securities of the same issuer.

 

Growth Investing Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the underlying companies’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected.

 

Investment Company Risk. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like the Fund. These restrictions may prohibit the Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, failure to satisfy certain requirements required under the IRC may prevent the Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material.

 

Issuer Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors specific to the issuers of securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests, including actual or perceived changes in the financial condition or business prospects of such issuers.

 

Liquidity Risk. The lack of an active market for investments may cause delay in disposition or force a sale below fair value.

31

 

Management Risk. The Fund will be affected by the allocation determinations, investment decisions and techniques of the Fund’s management.

 

Market Risk. The Fund will be affected by factors influencing the U.S. or global economies and securities markets or relevant industries or sectors within them.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk: Returns from small and micro-capitalization growth stocks may trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, small and micro-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently. Small and microcap-size companies tend to have greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund has limited operating history and there can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Trust’s Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund.

 

Regulatory Risk. Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of the Fund or the companies in which it invests. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect the Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. Adverse changes in the real estate markets may affect the value of REIT investments or real estate-linked derivatives.

 

Sector Risk. The Adviser may allocate more of the Fund’s investments to a particular sector or sectors in the market. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors, its investment portfolio will be more susceptible to the financial, economic, business, and political developments that affect those sectors.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, the Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because the Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. The Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Turnover Risk. High levels of portfolio turnover increase transaction costs and taxes and may lower investment performance.

 

Value Investing Risk. The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. The market may not agree with the Adviser’s determination and the security’s price may not rise to what the Adviser believes is its full fair value.

 

Performance Information

 

Annual return information will be incorporated once the Fund has operated for a full calendar year. This performance information will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year-to-year and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Visit www.fullerthalerfunds.com for current performance information.

 

Management of the Fund

 

Investment Manager. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”)

32

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Frederick Stanske, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has managed the Fund since its inception.

 

Raymond Lin, CFA, Partner and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has been the back-up portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception.

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

 

Minimum Initial Investment Minimum Subsequent Investment

A Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Investor Shares: $1,000 for most account types

Institutional Shares: $100,000 for most account types

R6 Shares: $1,000,000 for most account types

A Shares: $50 for all account types

Investor Shares: $50 for all account types

Institutional Shares: $50 for all account types

R6 Shares: $50 for all account types

 

Investments in A Shares, when available, may be made only through your dealer or financial adviser. Other share classes may also be purchased directly from the Fund.

 

Minimum investment requirements are waived for any qualified group retirement plan. Minimum investment requirements may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors. For additional information regarding waiver of investment minimums, please see “Classes of Shares” in this Prospectus.

 

To Place Buy or Sell Orders

 

By mail: Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

By Phone: 1-888-912-4562

 

You may also purchase and redeem shares through your dealer or financial adviser. Please contact your financial intermediary directly to find out if additional requirements apply.

 

Tax Information

 

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. You should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund, its distributor, its investment manager or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUNDS

 

Overview of Funds

 

  Small-Cap Equity Fund Small-Cap Growth Fund Mid-Cap Value Fund
Objective Long-term capital appreciation Long-term capital appreciation Long–term capital appreciation
Principal Investments

      At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of small-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

      REITs are also permissible investments

      At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of small-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

      REITs are also permissible investments

      At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of mid-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

      REITs are also permissible investments

Number of Positions Typically 70 - 140 positions Typically 25 - 50 positions Typically 25 - 75 positions
Position Size Typically up to 5% of total assets Typically up to 7% of total assets Typically up to 7% of total assets

 

  Unconstrained Equity Fund Small–Mid Core Equity Fund Micro-Cap Equity Fund
Objective Long-term capital appreciation Long-term capital appreciation Long-term capital appreciation
Principal Investments

        At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of any capitalization companies based in the U.S.

 

        REITs are also permissible investments

 

        Sector-concentrated securities are also permissible investments

 

        Industry-concentrated securities are also permissible investments

      At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of small to medium capitalization companies based in the U.S.

 

      REITs are also permissible investments

 

      Sector-concentrated securities are also permissible investments

      At least 80% of net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) are invested in common stocks of micro-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

      REITs are also permissible investments

 

      Sector-concentrated securities are also permissible investments

 

      Industry-concentrated securities are also permissible investments

Number of Positions Typically 15 – 25 positions Typically 25 – 100 positions Typically 40 – 150 positions
Position Size Typically up to 8% of total assets Typically up to 7% of total assets Typically up to 7% of total assets

 

Investment Objective Updates

 

The investment objective of the Funds may be changed upon notice to shareholders without shareholder approval.

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Additional Information About Fuller & Thaler’s Investment Process

 

Fuller & Thaler’s investment process is based on decades of research into behavioral finance. Behavioral finance is the study of how investors actually behave, as opposed to how they should behave, when making investment decisions. Professional investors are human, and like all humans, they make mistakes. Investors make mistakes because they have emotions, use imperfect rules of thumb, and have priorities beyond risk and return. Fuller & Thaler’s process identifies and exploits those mistakes. The Adviser’s analysis includes making educated predictions of when other investors – the “market” – have likely made a behavioral mistake, and in turn, have created a buying opportunity. There are two kinds of mistakes that produce buying opportunities: over-reaction and under-reaction. Other investors may over-react to bad news and losses (e.g., panic) that may present opportunities in typically value-oriented stocks, or they may under-react to good news (e.g., not pay attention) that may present opportunities in typically growth-oriented stocks. At the individual stock level, Fuller & Thaler searches for events related to insider buying, earnings announcements, and other news that suggest these types of investor misbehavior and draws from its more than 20 years of experience in analyzing events that suggest investor misbehavior. If these behaviors are present, Fuller & Thaler then proceeds to its fundamental analysis of the company. In summary, if an investor mistake is likely and the company has solid fundamentals, the portfolio managers buy the stock. The portfolio managers generally sell when they believe investor misbehavior has reversed or the firm’s fundamentals deteriorate. There is no set length of time that the Funds expect to hold a particular security.

 

Small-Cap Equity Fund

 

The Small-Cap Equity Fund will primarily use both behavioral under-reaction and over-reaction strategies to invest in domestic small-cap stocks.

 

Small-Cap Growth Fund

 

The Small-Cap Growth Fund will primarily use a behavioral under-reaction strategy to invest in domestic small-cap growth stocks.

 

Mid-Cap Value Fund

 

The Mid-Cap Value Fund will primarily use a behavioral over-reaction strategy to invest in domestic mid-cap value stocks.

 

Unconstrained Equity Fund

 

The Unconstrained Equity Fund will primarily use both behavioral under-reaction and over-reaction strategies to invest in domestic stocks with unconstrained capitalizations.

 

Small–Mid Core Equity Fund

 

The Small–Mid Core Equity Fund will primarily use both behavioral under-reaction and over-reaction strategies to invest in domestic small to medium cap stocks.

 

Micro-Cap Equity Fund

 

The Micro-Cap Fund will primarily use both behavioral under-reaction and over-reaction strategies to invest in domestic micro-cap stocks.

 

Temporary Defensive Position

 

From time to time, the Funds may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with their respective principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. For example, a Fund may hold all or a portion of its assets in cash, money market mutual funds, investment grade short-term money market instruments, U.S. Government and agency securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other cash equivalents. The Funds also may invest in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with their respective principal investment strategies. As a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the Funds may not achieve their respective investment objective.

 

Portfolio Holdings Information

 

A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUNDS

 

Among the principal risks of investing in each of the Funds, which could adversely affect its net asset value, yield and total return, are:

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk

Equity Securities Risk

Investment Company Risk

Issuer Risk

Liquidity Risk

Management Risk

Market Risk

Regulatory Risk

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk

Securities Lending Risk

 

In addition, the Small-Cap Equity Fund is subject to the following principal risk:

 

Growth Investing Risk
Securities Lending Risk
Small-Cap Company Risk
Value Investing Risk

 

In addition, the Small-Cap Growth Fund is subject to the following principal risks:

 

Growth Investing Risk
New Fund Risk
Small-Cap Company Risk
Turnover Risk

 

In addition, the Mid-Cap Value Fund is subject to the following principal risks:

 

Mid-Cap Company Risk
New Fund Risk
Value Investing Risk

 

In addition, the Unconstrained Equity Fund is subject to the following principal risks:

 

Concentration Risk.
Growth Investing Risk
Large-Cap Company Risk
Micro-Cap Company Risk
Mid-Cap Company Risk
New Fund Risk
Non-Diversification Risk
Sector Risk
Small-Cap Company Risk
Value Investing Risk

 

In addition, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund is subject to the following principal risks:

 

Growth Investing Risk
Mid-Cap Company Risk
New Fund Risk
Sector Risk
Small-Cap Company Risk
Value Investing Risk

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In addition, the Micro-Cap Equity Fund is subject to the following principal risks:

 

Concentration Risk
Growth Investing Risk
Micro-Cap Company Risk
New Fund Risk
Sector Risk
Small-Cap Company Risk
Turnover Risk
Value Investing Risk

 

The value of your investment in the Funds changes with the values of each Fund’s investments. Many factors can affect those values. The factors that are most likely to have a material effect on each Fund’s portfolio as a whole are called “principal risks.” The principal risks of the Funds are summarized in each Fund’s Summary and are described in more detail in this section (including a designation of the Funds to which each risk is applicable). The Funds may be subject to additional risks other than those described below because the types of investments made by the Funds may change over time. The section “Investment Objectives and Policies” in the SAI also includes more information about the Funds, their respective investments and the related risks. There is no guarantee that the Funds will be able to achieve their respective investment objective. It is possible to lose money by investing in the Funds.

 

The summary is not intended to be exhaustive. For more information about these risks and the securities and investment techniques used by the Funds, please refer to the SAI.

 

Behavioral Strategy Risk. (All Funds.) When taking investment positions, Fuller & Thaler will apply principles based on behavioral finance. In order to take advantage of behavioral biases, Fuller & Thaler generally focuses on certain markers of possible under- and over-reaction. Securities identified using this type of strategy may perform differently from the market as a whole as a result of the criteria used in the analysis, whether the criteria used are successful in predicting investor behavior, the weight placed on each criteria, and changes in the criteria’s historical trends. The criteria used in implementing this strategy and the weight placed on those criteria may not be predictive of a security’s value, and the effectiveness of the criteria can change over time. These changes may not be reflected in the current analytical approach used to implement the behavioral strategy. There can be no guarantee that Fuller & Thaler will be successful in applying behavioral finance principles to successfully predict investor behavior to exploit stock price anomalies.

 

Concentration Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Unconstrained Equity Fund and Micro-Cap Equity Fund). Greater than 25% of a Fund’s total assets may be exposed to a particular industry. By concentrating its investments in an industry or sector, the Fund may face more risks than if it were diversified broadly over numerous industries or sectors.

 

Equity Securities Risk. (All Funds.) Equity securities represent an ownership interest, or the right to acquire an ownership interest, in an issuer. Equity securities may take the form of shares of common stock of a corporation, membership interests in a limited liability company, limited partnership interests, or other forms of ownership interests. Equity securities also include, among other things, preferred stocks, convertible securities and warrants. The value of a company’s equity securities may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or lower demand for the company’s products or services. The value of an equity security may also fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of a company’s equity securities may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or adverse circumstances involving the credit markets. In addition, because a company’s equity securities rank junior in priority to the interests of bond holders and other creditors, a company’s equity securities will usually react more strongly than its bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. To the extent the Funds invest in equity-related instruments, they will also be subject to these risks.

 

The Funds may invest in equity securities of companies that its portfolio managers believe will experience relatively rapid earnings growth (growth securities) or that its portfolio managers believe are selling at a price lower than their true value (value securities). Growth securities typically trade at higher multiples of current earnings than other securities. Therefore, the value of growth securities may be more sensitive to changes in current or expected earnings than the value of other securities. Companies that issue value securities may have experienced adverse business developments or may be subject to special risks that have caused their securities to be out of favor. If a portfolio manager’s assessment of a company’s prospects is wrong, or if the market does not recognize the value of the company, the price of its securities may decline or may not approach the value that the portfolio manager anticipates.

 

Growth Investing Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of All Funds Except Mid-Cap Value Fund). To the extent that the Fund invests in growth-oriented securities, the Adviser’s perception of the issuers’ growth potentials may be wrong, or the securities purchased may not perform as expected. Because of their perceived growth potential, growth stocks typically trade at higher price to earnings multiples. Generally, the value of growth stocks change in response to the markets’ perceptions of the issuers’ growth potentials and of the broader economic picture.

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Investment Company Risk. (All Funds). The 1940 Act and the IRC impose numerous constraints on the operations of registered investment companies, like a Fund. For example, the 1940 Act limits the amount of Fund assets that can be invested in other investment companies (registered and unregistered) and the amount of leverage that can be utilized. If a registered investment company is “diversified,” the 1940 Act limits the amount of assets that can be invested in another entity. These restrictions may prohibit a Fund from making certain investments thus potentially limiting its profitability. Moreover, in order to qualify for registered investment company tax treatment under subchapter M of the RIC (e.g. to be treated as a corporation for tax purposes and to pass through income and capital gains to investors), a Fund must satisfy source-of-income, asset diversification and other requirements. The failure to comply with these provisions in a timely manner may prevent a Fund from qualifying as a registered investment company thus requiring the Fund to pay unexpected taxes and penalties, which could be material. When a Fund invests in another investment company such as a business development company or an ETF, the Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses payable directly by the investment company. Therefore, the Fund will incur additional expenses, many of which are duplicative of the Fund’s own operational expenses. In addition, the Fund will be affected by losses incurred by these investment companies and the level of risk arising from the investment practices of the investment companies (such as the use of leverage). The Fund has no control over the investments made by these investment companies. Business development companies and ETFs are subject to additional risks such as the fact their shares may trade at a market price above or below their net asset values or an active market may not develop.

 

Issuer Risk. (All Funds). The value of a security may decline for a number of reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.

 

Large Cap Company Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Unconstrained Equity Fund). Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges such as changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors, potentially resulting in lower market prices for their common stock.

 

Liquidity Risk. (All Funds). Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell, possibly preventing the Funds from purchasing or selling such illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price, or possibly requiring the Funds to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations. Additionally, the market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. In such cases, the Funds, due to limitations on investments in illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing and selling such securities or instruments, may be unable to achieve desired levels of exposure to a certain issuer or sector.

 

Micro-Cap Company Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund and Unconstrained Equity Fund.)Returns from small and micro-capitalization growth stocks may trail returns from the overall stock market. Historically, small and micro-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the overall market, and they often perform quite differently. Small and microcap-size companies tend to have greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies are more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

 

Management Risk. (All Funds). The Funds are subject to management risk because they are actively managed investment portfolios. The Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Funds, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. To the extent the Adviser uses a variety of data inputs into its behavioral processes, whether proprietary or maintained by third parties, there can be no assurance that such processes will behave as expected in all market conditions. In addition, the computer programming used to construct, or the data employed by, the Adviser’s behavioral processes may contain errors, which may cause losses for the Funds or reduce performance. The Funds are also subject to the risk that deficiencies in the operational systems or controls of the Adviser or another service provider will cause losses for the Funds or hinder Fund operations. For example, trading delays or errors (both human and systemic) could prevent the Funds from purchasing a security expected to appreciate in value. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the Adviser in connection with managing the Funds and may also adversely affect the ability of the Funds to achieve their respective investment objectives.

 

Market Risk. (All Funds). The market prices of securities owned by the Funds may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. A principal risk of investing in the Funds is that the investments in each Fund’s portfolio will decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries or sectors represented in those markets. The values of securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, adverse changes to credit markets or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that disproportionately affect a particular industry, group of related industries or sector, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry or sector. The market price of equity securities and other types of investments may decline due to changes in interest rates or other factors affecting the applicable markets generally. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities, although under certain market conditions fixed income securities may have comparable or greater price volatility. During a general downturn in securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously.

38

 

The Funds are subject to the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt securities markets, adversely affect global economies and markets and thereby decrease the value of each Fund’s investments. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have had a substantial effect on the economies and securities markets of the U.S. and other countries. Terrorism in the U.S. and around the world has had a similar global impact and has increased geopolitical risk. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 resulted in the closure of some U.S. securities markets for four days, and similar attacks are possible in the future. Securities markets may be susceptible to market manipulation (e.g., the potential manipulation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)) or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of the Funds. While the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations continuously for the last 200 years, it remains possible that the U.S. could default on its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of a Fund’s investments. Similarly, political events within the U.S. at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many Fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets. The uncertainty surrounding the sovereign debt of a significant number of European Union countries, as well as the continued existence of the European Union itself, have disrupted and may continue to disrupt markets in the U.S. and around the world. If one or more countries leave the European Union or the European Union dissolves, the world’s securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. Substantial government interventions (e.g., currency controls) also could negatively impact the Funds. War, terrorism, economic uncertainty, and related geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Likewise, natural and environmental disasters, such as the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in early 2011, and systemic market dislocations of the kind surrounding the insolvency of Lehman Brothers in 2008, if repeated, would be highly disruptive to economies and markets, adversely affecting individual companies and industries, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of a Fund’s investments. During such market disruptions, a Fund’s exposure to the risks described elsewhere in this section will likely increase. Market disruptions, including sudden government interventions, can also prevent a Fund from implementing its investment program for a period of time and achieving its investment objective. To the extent a Fund has focused its investments in the securities index of a particular region, adverse geopolitical and other events could have a disproportionate impact on the Fund.

 

Mid-Cap Company Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Mid-Cap Value Fund, Unconstrained Equity Fund, and Small–Mid Core Equity Fund). Smaller companies involve greater risk of loss and price fluctuation than larger companies. Many of these companies are young and have a limited track record. Their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volume than those of more mature companies making them more volatile and more difficult to buy or sell at an acceptable price. These companies may also lack the managerial, financial or other resources necessary to implement their business plans or succeed in the face of competition.

 

New Fund Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Small-Cap Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund) There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund. Liquidation of the Fund can be initiated without shareholder approval by the Board of Trustees if it determines it is in the best interest of shareholders. As a result, the timing of any Fund liquidation may not be favorable to certain individual shareholders.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Unconstrained Equity Fund). Investment in the securities of a limited number of issuers or sectors exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potentially greater market losses than if its investments were diversified in securities and sectors.

 

Regulatory Risk. (All Funds). Changes in government regulations may adversely affect the operations and value of a Fund or the companies in which it invests. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the securities in which a Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which a Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Industries and markets that are not adequately regulated may be susceptible to the initiation of inappropriate practices that adversely affect a Fund or the companies in which it invests.

 

REIT and Real Estate-Related Investment Risk. (All Funds). To the extent that the Funds invest in real estate-related investments, such as securities of real estate-related companies, REITs, real estate operating companies (REOCs) and related instruments and derivatives, they will be subject to the risks associated with owning real estate and with the real estate industry generally. These include difficulties in valuing and disposing of real estate, the possibility of declines in the value of real estate, risks related to fluctuations in general and local economic conditions, the possibility of adverse changes in the climate for real estate, environmental liability risks, the risk of increases in property taxes and operating expenses, possible adverse changes in zoning laws, the risk of casualty or condemnation losses, limitations on rents, the possibility of adverse changes in interest rates and in the credit markets and the possibility of borrowers paying off mortgages sooner than expected, which may lead to reinvestment of assets at lower prevailing interest rates. The value of investments in the real estate sector also may be affected by macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends. To the extent the Funds invest in REITs and/or REOCs, they will also be subject to the risk that a REIT or REOC will default on its obligations or go bankrupt. By investing in REITs and/or REOCs indirectly through the Funds, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Funds, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of such REITs or REOCs.

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Sector Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund) The Adviser may allocate more of the Fund’s investments to a particular sector or sectors in the market. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors, its investment portfolio will be more susceptible to the financial, economic, business, and political developments that affect those sectors.

 

Securities Lending Risk. (All Funds) Each Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 ⅓% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities and possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, including possible impairment of the Fund’s ability to vote the securities on loan. If a loan is collateralized by cash, a Fund typically will invest the cash collateral for its own account and may pay a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. Because a Fund may invest collateral in any investments in accordance with its investment objective, the Fund’s securities lending transactions will result in investment leverage. Each Fund bears the risk that the value of the investments made with collateral may decline.

 

Small-Cap Company Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of the Small-Cap Equity Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund.) Investments in securities of small-cap companies may be riskier, more volatile and more vulnerable to economic, market and industry changes than investments in larger, more established companies. As a result, share price changes may be more sudden or erratic than the prices of other equity securities, especially over the short term. Small-cap companies often have less predictable earnings, more limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, or financial resources, and the management of such companies may be dependent on one or a few key people. Small-cap companies may be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or potential development, or may be developing or marketing new products or services for markets that are not yet firmly established. In addition, such companies may become subject to intense competition from larger more established companies. The equity securities of small-cap companies are generally less liquid than the equity securities of larger companies. In many instances, the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Some securities may be inactively traded and thus may not be readily bought or sold.

 

Turnover Risk. (Additional Principal Risk of Small-Cap Growth Fund and Micro-Cap Equity Fund.) A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” Higher portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestments in other securities. Such sales may also result in realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains (which are taxed as ordinary income when distributed to individual shareholders), and may adversely impact the Fund’s after-tax returns. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.

 

Value Investing Risk. (Additional Principal Risks of All Funds Except Small-Cap Growth Fund.) The determination that a security is undervalued is subjective. Investments in “value” securities may never reach what the Adviser believes are their full fair market values, either because the market fails to recognize what the Adviser considers to be the companies’ true business values or because the Adviser misjudges those values. In addition, value stocks may fall out of favor with investors, decrease in value, and underperform growth stocks during given periods.

 

Account Information

 

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. This means that when you open an account, we will ask for your name, residential address, date of birth, government identification number and other information that will allow us to identify you. We may also ask to see your driver’s license or other identifying documents, and may take additional steps to verify your identity. If we do not receive these required pieces of information, there may be a delay in processing your investment request, which could subject your investment to market risk. If we are unable to immediately verify your identity, the Funds may restrict further investment until your identity is verified. However, if we are unable to verify your identity, the Funds reserve the right to close your account without notice and return your investment to you at the net asset value (“NAV”) determined on the day in which your account is closed. If we close your account because we are unable to verify your identity, your investment will be subject to market fluctuation, which could result in a loss of a portion of your principal investment.

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CLASSES OF SHARES

 

Set forth below is information about the manner in which each Fund offers shares, including its share class structure

 

The Funds currently offer five share classes: A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares. Not all share classes are currently available for each Fund. Each class of the Funds invests in the same portfolio securities, but each class has its own expense structure, as illustrated in each Fund’s Summary Section – Fees and Expenses of the Fund. Before purchasing shares of the Funds directly, an investor should inquire about the other classes of shares offered by the Funds. As described herein, each class of shares has particular investment eligibility criteria and is subject to different types and levels of charges, fees and expenses than the other classes. Subject to eligibility, the class of shares that is best for you depends upon a number of factors, including the amount and the intended length of your investment. For example, while R6 Shares require a larger initial investment, they have lower annual expenses than Investor Shares because there are no 12b-1 fees, and thus will cost you less over time. The following summarizes key information about each class to help you make your investment decision, including the various expenses associated with each class and the payments made to financial intermediaries for distribution and other services. Some share classes may not be currently available for investment, as described in each Fund’s Fees and Expenses Table.

 

Intermediary-Defined Sales Charge Waiver Policies

 

The availability of certain initial or deferred sales charge waivers and discounts may depend on the particular financial intermediary or type of account through which you purchase or hold Fund shares.

 

Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load (“CDSC”) waivers, which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser’s responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser’s financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase fund shares directly from the fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.

 

A financial intermediary may offer Fund shares subject to variations in or elimination of the Fund sales charges (“variations”), provided such variations are described in this prospectus. For the variations applicable to shares offered through certain intermediary platforms, please see Appendix A – Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations. All variations described in Appendix A are applied by, and the responsibility of, the identified financial intermediary. Sales charge variations may apply to purchases, sales, exchanges and reinvestments of Fund shares and a shareholder transacting in Fund shares through an intermediary identified on Appendix A should read the terms and conditions of Appendix A carefully. A variation that is specific to a particular financial intermediary is not applicable to shares held directly with a Fund or through another intermediary.

 

A Shares. A Shares are available for purchase only through broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries, subject to the satisfaction of the investment minimums described below.

 

A Shares are available for purchase for a minimum initial investment of $1,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50.

 

A Shares are purchased at NAV, plus an initial sales charge of up to 5.75%.

 

A Shares are subject to a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) when redeemed within the following specified times from the date of purchase. If shares are purchased with a sales charge and redeemed within 12 months from the date of purchase, a CDSC of 1.00% will apply. If shares are purchased with a sales charge and redeemed within more than 12 but less than 18 months from the date of purchase, a CDSC of 0.50% will apply. CDSC charges may be waived in certain circumstances, as described below.

 

12b-1 fees for the A Share Class are equal to 0.25% of the class’ average annual daily net assets. After the sale of Class A shares, the principal underwriter receives the Class A distribution and service fees for one year. Thereafter financial intermediaries generally receive from the principal underwriter 0.25% annually of average daily net assets based on the value of outstanding shares sold by such financial intermediaries for personal services and maintenance of shareholder accounts performed by such intermediaries.

 

Administrative Service Fees are equal to up to 0.25% of the class’ average annual daily net assets.

 

Sales charges are waived for purchases over $1 million and for purchases of any amount by shareholders who are employees or affiliates of the Adviser.

 

Sales Charges for A Share Purchases are as follows:

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Breakpoints Sales charge % Dealer Concession %
$0 - $49,999 5.75% 5.00%
$50,000 – $99,999 4.75% 4.25%
$100,000 – $249,999 3.75% 3.25%
$250,000 – $499,999 2.75% 2.25%
$500,000 – $999,999 2.00% 1.75%
$1,000,000  – $2,999.999 0.00% 1.00%
$3,000,000  – $9,999.999 0.00% 0.50%
$10,000,000 and greater 0.00% 0.25%

 

Reducing Your Class A Sales Charges. The Fund permits you to reduce the front-end sales charge you pay on Class A Shares by exercising your Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges with respect to your investments in Fuller & Thaler Funds, as described below.

 

Rights of Accumulation:

 

For Class A Shares, a front-end sales charge can be reduced by breakpoint discounts based on the amount of a single purchase or through Rights of Accumulation. By using Rights of Accumulation, you may combine the current market value of any existing qualifying holdings and account types (as described below) with the amount of the current purchase to qualify for a breakpoint and reduced sales charge on the current purchase.

 

The amount of the sales charge will be calculated based on the higher of (a) the market value of your qualified holdings as of the last calculated NAV prior to your investment or (b) if you purchased shares after [December __, 2018], the initial value of total share purchases, or if you already held shares on [December __, 2018], the market value of the shares on that date, provided that, in either case, the value will be reduced by the market value on the applicable redemption date of any shares you have redeemed. Depending on their operational capabilities, Financial Intermediaries may utilize one or both of the methods described above so your holdings could be valued differently depending on where you hold your shares.

 

Letter of Intent:

 

By signing a Letter of Intent, you may combine the current market value of any existing qualifying holdings and account types with the value that you intend to buy over a 13 month period to calculate the front-end sales charge and any breakpoint discounts. Each purchase that you make during that 13 month period will receive the sales charge and breakpoint discount that applies to the total amount. The 13 month Letter of Intent period commences on the day that the Letter of Intent is received by the Fuller & Thaler Funds or your Financial Intermediary, and you must inform your Financial Intermediary or the Fuller & Thaler Funds that you have a Letter of Intent each time you make an investment. Purchases submitted prior to the date on which the Letter of Intent is received by the Fuller & Thaler Funds or your Financial Intermediary are considered only in determining the level of sales charge that will be paid. The Letter of Intent will not result in a reduction in the amount of any previously paid sales charges.

 

A percentage of your investment will be held in escrow until the full amount covered by the Letter of Intent has been invested. If the terms of the Letter of Intent are not fulfilled by the end of the 13th month, you must pay the Distributor the difference between the sales charges applicable to the purchases at the time they were made and the reduced sales charges previously paid or the Distributor will liquidate sufficient escrowed shares to obtain the difference and/or adjust the shareholder’s account to reflect the correct number of shares that would be held after deduction of the sales charge. The Letter of Intent will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13 month period covered by the Letter of Intent. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the Letter of Intent amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholder’s death. Calculations made to determine whether a Letter of Intent commitment has been fulfilled will be made on the basis of the amount invested prior to the deduction of any applicable sales charge.

 

Below are the qualifying holdings and account types that may be aggregated in order to exercise your Rights of Accumulation and Letter of Intent privileges to qualify for a reduced front-end sales charge on Class A Shares.

 

Qualifying Holdings:

A Shares, Investor Shares, C Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares of Fuller and Thaler Funds.

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Qualifying Accounts:

 

1.Your account(s);
2.Account(s) of your spouse or domestic partner;
3.Account(s) of children under the age of 21 who share your residential address;
4.Trust accounts established by any of the individuals in items (1) through (3) above. If the person(s) who established the trust is deceased, the trust account may be aggregated with the account(s) of the primary beneficiary of the trust;
5.Solely controlled business accounts; and
6.Single-participant retirement plans of any of the individuals in items (1) through (3) above.

 

You may use your qualifying holdings and account types even if they are held at different Financial Intermediaries. In order to obtain any reduction in the sales charge by utilizing either the Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges, you must, before each purchase of Class A Shares, inform your Financial Intermediary or the Fuller & Thaler Funds if you have any existing holdings that may be aggregated with your current purchase in order to qualify for a reduced front-end sales charge. In order to verify your eligibility for a reduced sales charge, you may be required to provide appropriate documentation, such as an account statement or the social security or tax identification number on an account, so that Fuller & Thaler Funds may confirm (1) the value of each of your accounts invested in Fuller & Thaler Funds [or in the NY 529 Advisor-Guided Plan] and (2) the value of the accounts owned by your spouse or domestic partner and by children under the age of 21 who share your residential address.

 

Certain Financial Intermediaries may not participate in extending the Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges to your holdings in the NY529 Advisor-Guided Plan. Please check with your Financial Intermediary to determine whether the Financial Intermediary makes these privileges available with respect to NY 529 Advisor-Guided Plan investments.

 

Additional information regarding the reduction of Class A sales charges is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. To determine if you are eligible for Rights of Accumulation or Letter of Intent privileges or to request a copy of the Statement of Additional Information, call 1-888-912-4562. These programs may be terminated or amended at any time.

 

C Shares. C Shares are available for purchase only through broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries.

 

C Shares are available for purchase for a minimum initial investment of $1,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50.
C shares do not have an initial sales charge but carry an ongoing distribution and service (12b-1) fee, and a Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) when redeemed within t purchase. If shares are purchased with a dealer commission and redeemed within [12] months of purchase, the CDSC of 1.00% will apply.
12b-1 fees for the C Share Class are equal to [1.00%] of the class’ average annual daily net assets. The distribution and service (12b-1) fee is not paid until the CDSC period has expired (it is retained by the distributor).
[If C Class shares are purchased in an employer-sponsored retirement plan (other than SEP IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs or SARSEPs), no dealer commission will be paid. Shares purchased in this way are not subject to a CDSC, and the financial professional begins receiving the distribution and service (12b-1) fee at the time of purchase.]
Administrative Service Fees for the C Share Class are equal to up to 0.25% of the class’ average annual daily net assets.

 

CDSC Waivers on Class C Shares: Any applicable CDSC for C Shares accounts may be waived for the following reasons:

 

Redemptions through systematic withdrawal plans not exceeding annually 12% of the lesser of the original purchase cost or current market value for C Share accounts.
Redemptions through employer-sponsored retirement plans. The 12b-1 fee starts immediately. For this purpose, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs and SARSEPs.
Distributions from IRAs due to attainment of age 59½ for A Class shares and for C Class shares.
Required minimum distributions from retirement accounts upon reaching age 70½.
Tax-free returns of excess contributions to IRAs
Redemptions due to death or post-purchase disability.
Exchanges, unless the shares acquired by the exchange are redeemed within the original CDSC period.
IRA Rollovers from any Funds held in an employer-sponsored retirement plan, for A Class shares only.
If no dealer commission was paid to the financial professional on the purchase for any other reason.

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Conversion of Class C Shares to Class A Shares: C Shares will be converted to Class A shares in the following instances:

 

Beginning [_________,__ 2018], C share positions will convert to A Shares after 10 years; or
If Shares held in an account with a third-party broker of record are transferred to an account with the Distributor after [_________,__ 2018], those C Share accounts will be converted to A Share accounts in the month following the transfer.

 

Investor Shares. Investor Shares are generally available for purchase by all investors, subject to the satisfaction of the investment minimums described below.

 

Investor Shares are available for purchase for a minimum initial investment of $1,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50 ($50 for automatic investment plan contributions).
Minimums are waived for the following investors: qualified retirement plans, including, but not limited to, 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, defined benefit plans and other accounts or plans whereby R6 Shares are held on the books of the Funds through plan level or omnibus accounts; bank and trust companies; insurance companies; registered investment companies; Fuller & Thaler employees and affiliates; and non-qualified deferred compensation plans.
The Funds do not charge any sales charges (loads) or other fees in connection with purchases or sales (redemptions) of Investor Shares.
12b-1 fees are equal to 0.25% of the class’ average annual daily net assets.
Administrative Service Fees are equal to up to 0.20% of the class’ average annual daily net assets.
Investor Shares do not convert into any other class of shares.

 

Institutional Shares. Institutional Shares are offered primarily through certain asset allocation, wrap fee and other similar programs offered by broker-dealers and other intermediaries, and the Funds pay service fees to these entities for services they provide to Institutional Share shareholders. Institutional Shares may also be offered for direct investment by other investors such as pension and profit sharing plans, employee benefit trusts and plan alliances, endowments, foundations, corporations and high net worth individuals. Institutional Shares are subject to the satisfaction of investment minimums described below.

 

Institutional Shares are available for purchase for a minimum initial investment of $100,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50. Minimums may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors.

 

Minimums are waived for the following investors: qualified retirement plans, including, but not limited to, 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, defined benefit plans and other accounts or plans whereby R6 Shares are held on the books of the Funds through plan level or omnibus accounts; bank and trust companies; insurance companies; registered investment companies; Fuller & Thaler employees and affiliates; and non-qualified deferred compensation plans.

 

The Funds do not charge any sales charges (loads) or other fees in connection with purchases or sales (redemptions) of Institutional Shares.

 

Institutional Shares are not subject to any 12b-1 fees.

 

Administrative Service Fees are equal to up to 0.20% of the class’ average annual daily net assets.

 

R6 Shares. R6 Shares are available for purchase by eligible institutional investors, including employer sponsored retirement plans, pension plans, endowments and foundations, eligible high net worth investors, and Fuller & Thaler employees and affiliates as described below.

 

R6 Shares are available for purchase for a minimum initial investment of $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment is $50 ($50 for automatic investment plan contributions). Minimums may be modified for certain financial intermediaries that aggregate trades on behalf of investors.

 

Minimums are waived for the following investors: qualified retirement plans, including, but not limited to, 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, defined benefit plans and other accounts or plans whereby R6 Shares are held on the books of the Funds through plan level or omnibus accounts; bank and trust companies; insurance companies; registered investment companies; Fuller & Thaler employees and affiliates; and non-qualified deferred compensation plans.

 

The Funds do not charge any sales charges (loads) or other fees in connection with purchases or sales (redemptions) of R6 Shares.

 

R6 Shares are not subject to any 12b-1 fees or Administrative Service Fees.

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R6 Shares are offered primarily to investors who do not require or expect to receive any payments with respect to R6 Shares, and neither the Fund, the Adviser, nor any of the Adviser’s affiliates will pay any shareholder servicing or revenue sharing payments with respect to R6 Shares. The Adviser or its affiliates may however, from their own resources, make administrative payments necessary to establish or maintain the availability of R6 Shares for the investor. Other investors not included in the list above may be permitted to purchase R6 Shares subject to the Adviser’s determination of eligibility and may be subject to a $1,000,000 minimum initial investment requirement. The minimum initial investment amount may be waived subject to the Adviser’s discretion.

 

If your account is subject to the minimum investment requirement, and the value of your account falls below the minimum initial investment requirements for R6 Shares as a result of share redemptions or you no longer meet one of the waiver criteria set forth above, your account may be subject to involuntary conversion or involuntary redemption, as applicable. You will be notified prior to any such conversions or redemptions.

 

A. Shares and C Shares may be purchased only through broker dealers or other financial intermediaries. Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares can be purchased directly through the Funds’ distributor or other financial institutions, which may charge transaction fees with respect to your purchase. The Funds reserve the right to change the above eligibility criteria. For any share class, the Adviser may waive the minimum investment amounts at its discretion, including for existing clients of the Adviser. The Funds may waive or lower investment minimums for investors who invest in the Funds through an asset-based fee program made available through a financial intermediary. If your investment is aggregated into an omnibus account established by an investment adviser, broker or other financial intermediary, the account minimums apply to the omnibus account, not to your individual investment; however, the financial intermediary may also impose minimum requirements that are different from those set forth in this Prospectus. If you purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or another intermediary, you may be charged a fee by that intermediary.

 

Rule 12b-1 Plan

 

The Funds have adopted a plan under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act that allows the Funds’ Investor Shares, A Shares, and C Shares to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of their respective shares and for shareholder services provided to shareholders of each Fund’s Investor Shares (the “12b-1 Plan”). The 12b-1 Plan allows the Funds’ Investor Shares and A Shares to pay annual 12b-1 expenses of 0.25% of the average daily net assets in the Investor and A Share classes, respectively, and 1.00% of the average daily net assets in the C Share class. Over time, 12b-1 fees will increase the cost of your investment in a Fund’s Investor, A, and C Shares and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s Investor, A, and C Shares on an on-going basis.

 

Service Fees – A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares

 

The Trust has adopted an Administrative Services Plan (the “Plan”) for A Shares, Investor Shares, and Institutional Shares of the Funds. The Plan allows the Funds to use A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares or Institutional Shares to pay financial intermediaries that provide services relating to A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares. The Plan permits payments for the provision of certain administrative, recordkeeping and other non-distribution related services to A Share, Investor Share and Institutional Share shareholders. The Plan permits the Funds to make service fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its A Shares, 0.25%- of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its C Shares and up to 0.20% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to its Investor Shares or Institutional Shares. Because these fees are paid out of a Fund’s A Shares’, Investor Shares’ and Institutional Shares’ Class assets on an ongoing basis, respectively, over time they will increase the cost of an investment in A Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares.

 

Arrangements with Service Agents — A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares. A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares of the Funds may be offered through certain brokers and financial intermediaries (“service agents”) that have established a shareholder servicing relationship with respect to the Funds on behalf of their customers. Service agents may impose additional or different conditions than the Funds on purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by their customers. Service agents may also independently establish and charge their customers transaction fees, account fees and other amounts in connection with purchases, sales and redemptions of Fund shares in addition to any fees charged by the Funds. These additional fees may vary over time and would increase the cost of the customer’s investment and lower investment returns. Each service agent is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases and redemptions. Shareholders who are customers of service agents should consult their service agents for information regarding these fees and conditions. Among the service agents with whom the Funds may enter into a shareholder servicing relationship are firms whose business involves or includes investment consulting, or whose parent or affiliated companies are in the investment consulting business, that may recommend that their clients utilize the Adviser’s investment advisory services or invest in the Funds or in other products sponsored by the Adviser.

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For A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares, the Adviser may make arrangements for the Funds to make payments, directly or through the Adviser, the Funds’ distributor and/or their affiliates, for providing certain sub-transfer agency and related administrative services with respect to A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares of the Funds held through such service agents, including, without limitation, the following services: receiving, aggregating and processing purchase, redemption and exchange orders at the service agent level; furnishing shareholder sub-accounting; providing and maintaining elective services with respect to Investor Shares and Institutional Shares such as check writing and wire transfer services; providing and maintaining pre-authorized investment plans; communicating periodically with shareholders; acting as the sole shareholder of record and nominee for holders of A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares; maintaining accounting records for shareholders; answering questions and handling correspondence from shareholders about their accounts; issuing confirmations for transactions by shareholders; and performing similar account administrative services. These payments are made to financial intermediaries selected by the Adviser. The actual services provided, and the payments made for such services, may vary from firm to firm. For these services, each Fund may pay an annual fee of up to 0.25% of the value of assets in A Share accounts and C Share accounts, and 0.20% of the value of assets in Investor Share and Institutional Share accounts. In the event the Funds’ distributor provides similar services to certain A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares or Institutional Share shareholders, it may receive service agent fees under the Administrative Services Plan for Investor Shares or Institutional Shares, respectively. The Adviser and/or its affiliates, may make payments to service agents for the services described in this paragraph on top of the service fees that the Funds may pay to such agents. The aggregate rate of such payments by the Funds and the Adviser and/or its affiliates with regard to A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares and Institutional Shares may vary from service agent to service agent and, in certain circumstances, may, for any individual service agent, exceed .25% for A Share accounts and C Share accounts, and 0.20% for Investor Share and Institutional Share accounts.. These amounts would be in addition to amounts paid by the Funds to the Funds’ transfer agent or other service providers. The Adviser and its affiliates rely primarily on contractual arrangements with the service agents to verify whether they are providing the services for which they are receiving such payments. Although the Adviser and its affiliates do not audit such service agents, they may make periodic information requests to verify certain information about the services provided.

 

HOW TO BUY SHARES

 

Requests to purchase shares are processed at the NAV of a Fund class, plus the applicable sales charge, next calculated after we receive your order in proper form. “Proper form” means that you have provided sufficient information to process your request as outlined in this Prospectus, including any required signatures, documents and payment.

 

Initial Purchase

 

By Mail – Your initial purchase request must include:

 

a completed and signed investment application form;

 

a personal check with name pre-printed (in the applicable minimum amount) made payable to the applicable Fund; reference Investor Shares, Institutional Shares or R6 Shares to ensure proper crediting to your account.

 

Mail the application and check to:

 

U.S. Mail: Overnight:

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund

 

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund

 

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

 

By Wire – You may also purchase shares of the Funds by wiring federal funds from your bank, which may charge you a fee for doing so. To wire money, you must call Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562 to obtain instructions on how to set up your account and to obtain an account number.

 

You must provide a signed application to Ultimus Asset Services, LLC (formerly Huntington Asset Services, Inc.), the Funds’ transfer agent, at the above address in order to complete your initial wire purchase. Wire orders will be accepted only on a day on which the Funds and their custodian and transfer agent are open for business. Any delays, which may occur in wiring money, including delays that may occur in processing by banks, are not the responsibility of the Funds or the transfer agent. There is presently no fee for the receipt of wired funds, but the Funds may charge shareholders for this service in the future.

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A purchase will not be considered made until the corresponding check or wired money is received and the purchase is accepted by the Funds.

 

Additional Investments

 

You may purchase additional shares of a Fund class at any time by mail, wire, telephone, automated clearing house (ACH) or automatic investment. Each additional mail purchase request must contain:

 

1.Your name;

 

2.The name on your account(s);

 

3.Your account number(s);

 

4.A wire or a check (in the applicable minimum amount) made payable to the Fund in which you want to invest.

 

Checks should be sent to the Funds at the address listed under the heading “Initial Purchase – By Mail” above. To send a bank wire or make telephone purchases, call Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562 to obtain instructions.

 

Automated Clearing House (ACH)

 

Once an account is open, shares may be purchased or redeemed through ACH in minimum amounts of $100. ACH is the electronic transfer of funds directly from an account you maintain with a financial institution to a Fund. In order to use the ACH service, the ACH Authorization section of the account application must be completed. For existing accounts, an ACH Authorization Form may be obtained by calling the Funds’ transfer agent at 1-888-912-4562. Allow at least two weeks for processing before using ACH. To place a purchase or redemption order by ACH, call the Funds’ transfer agent at 1-888-912-4562. There are no charges for ACH transactions imposed by the Funds or the transfer agent. ACH share purchase transactions are completed when payment is received, approximately two business days following the placement of your order. When shares are purchased through ACH, the proceeds from the redemption of those shares may not be paid until the ACH transfer has been converted to federal funds, which could take up to 15 calendar days. The shareholder will be held responsible for any fees incurred or losses suffered by the Funds as a result of any ACH transaction rejected for insufficient funds. Failure to notify the Funds in advance of an ACH transfer could result in a delay in completing your transaction.

 

Automatic Investment Plan

 

You may make regular investments in the Funds with an Automatic Investment Plan by completing the appropriate section of the account application or completing a systematic investment plan form with the proper signature guarantee and attaching a voided personal check. Investments may be made monthly to allow dollar-cost averaging by automatically deducting $50 or more from your bank checking account. You may change the amount of your monthly purchase at any time. If an Automatic Investment Plan purchase is rejected by your bank, your shareholder account will be charged a fee to defray bank charges.

 

Tax Sheltered Retirement Plans

 

Fund shares may be an appropriate investment for tax-sheltered retirement plans, including: individual retirement plans (IRAs); simplified employee pension plans (SEPs); 401(k) plans; qualified corporate pension and profit-sharing plans (for employees); tax deferred investment plans (for employees of public school systems and certain types of charitable organizations); and other qualified retirement plans. You should contact Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562 for the procedure to open an IRA or SEP plan directly with the Funds, as well as more specific information regarding these retirement plan options. Please consult with an attorney or tax adviser regarding these plans. You must pay custodial fees for your IRA by redemption of sufficient shares of the Funds from the IRA unless you pay the fees directly to the IRA custodian. Call Shareholder Services about the IRA custodial fees at 1-888-912-4562. In addition, you should be aware that investments in tax-deferred accounts may be taxable at withdrawal. You should discuss any tax-related concerns with your tax adviser or attorney.

 

Other Purchase Information

 

The Funds may limit the amount of purchases and refuse to sell shares to any person. If your check or wire does not clear, you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the Funds. You may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in the Funds. The Funds and their transfer agent may refuse any purchase order for any reason. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Funds do not accept cash, drafts, “starter” checks, traveler’s checks, credit card checks, post-dated checks, cashier’s checks under $10,000, or money orders. In addition, to protect the Funds from check fraud, the Funds do not accept checks made payable to third parties.

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The Funds have authorized certain broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including their designated intermediaries) to accept on their behalf purchase and sell orders. The Funds are deemed to have received an order when the authorized person or designee accepts the order. Any such order will be processed at the NAV of the applicable Fund class, plus the applicable sales charge, next calculated. It is the responsibility of the broker-dealer or other financial institution to transmit orders promptly to the Funds’ transfer agent. For purchase requests received from persons “authorized to consummate transactions,” the Funds are required to do so at a price based on NAV next computed after the authorized representative’s receipt of the order to buy or sell.

 

HOW TO EXCHANGE SHARES

 

Shares of the Funds may be exchanged for the same class of another Fuller & Thaler Fund, which includes the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund. Before making an exchange into another Fuller & Thaler Fund, you should obtain and read the prospectus for that Fund. No transaction fees are charged for exchanges. You must meet the minimum investment requirements for the class of the Fund into which you are exchanging. The exchange of shares of one Fuller & Thaler Fund for shares of another Fuller & Thaler Fund is treated, for federal income tax purposes, as a sale on which you may realize a taxable gain or loss. Shares of the Fund acquired by means of an exchange will be purchased at the NAV next determined after acceptance of the exchange request by the transfer agent. Exchanges that establish a new account may be made by sending a written request to the transfer agent. Exchanges into an existing account may be made by sending a written request to the transfer agent, or by calling 1-888-912-4562. Please provide the following information:

 

Your name and telephone number

 

The exact name of your account and account number

 

Taxpayer identification number (usually your Social Security number)

 

Dollar value or number of shares to be exchanged

 

The name of the Fuller & Thaler Fund from which the exchange is to be made

 

The name of the Fuller & Thaler Fund into which the exchange is being made

 

The registration and taxpayer identification numbers of the two accounts involved in the exchange must be identical. To prevent the abuse of the exchange privilege to the disadvantage of other shareholders, the Funds reserve the right to terminate or modify the exchange privilege upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders. The transfer agent requires personal identification before accepting any exchange request by telephone, and telephone exchange instructions may be recorded. If reasonable procedures are followed by the transfer agent to determine that the instructions are genuine, neither the transfer agent nor the Funds will be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions. In the event of drastic economic or market changes, a shareholder may experience difficulty in exchanging shares by telephone. If such a case should occur, sending exchange instructions by mail should be considered.

 

Shares of the Funds may be exchanged on any day on which the Funds compute its NAV. Shares are exchanged at their NAV next determined after the transfer agent receives your exchange request in proper form. Exchange requests may be made by mail or by telephone. If you qualify as a purchaser of Institutional Class shares, but your account is invested in Investor Class shares, you may convert your Investor Class shares to Institutional Class shares based on the relative NAV of the two Classes on the conversion date. If you are an Institutional Class shareholder you may convert your shares to Investor Class shares at any time. If you are purchaser of C Class Shares, beginning in [ __, 201_____] your shares will be converted to A Shares after 10 years, or, if C Shares held in an account with a third-party broker of record are transferred to an account with the Distributor after [_________,__ 201_], those C Share accounts will be converted to A Share accounts in the month following the transfer.

 

HOW TO REDEEM SHARES

 

Requests to sell shares are processed at the NAV of the applicable Fund class, next calculated after we receive your order in proper form. “Proper form” means that you have provided sufficient information to process your request as outlined in this Prospectus, including any required signatures, documents, payment and any applicable signature guarantees.

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You may receive redemption payments in the form of a check, ACH or federal wire transfer. The proceeds may be more or less than the purchase price of your shares, depending on the market value of a Fund’s securities at the time of your redemption. A wire transfer fee of $15 is charged to defray custodial charges for redemptions paid by wire transfer. This fee is subject to change. Any charges for wire redemptions will be deducted from the shareholder’s Fund account by redemption of shares. The Funds do not intend to redeem shares in any form except cash. However, if the amount you are redeeming during any 90-day period for any one shareholder is over the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of a Fund’s NAV, the Fund has the right to redeem your shares by giving you the amount that exceeds the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s NAV in securities instead of cash, which is referred to as a “redemption in kind.” In the event that a redemption in kind is made, a shareholder may incur additional expenses, such as the payment of brokerage commissions, on the sale or other disposition of the securities received from a Fund. For additional information regarding redemptions in kind, please refer to the sub-section below titled “Additional Information.”

 

If you redeem your shares through a broker-dealer or other institution, you may be charged a fee by that institution.

 

By Mail. You may redeem any part of your account in a Fund at no charge by mail. Your request should be addressed to:

 

U.S. Mail: Overnight:

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund

 

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund

 

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

 

Your request for a redemption must include your letter of instruction, including the Fund class’ name, account number, account name(s), the address, and the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem. Your request must also be signed by all registered share owner(s) in the exact name(s) and any special capacity in which they are registered. The Funds may require that signatures be guaranteed if you request the redemption check be made payable to any person other than the shareholder(s) of record or mailed to an address other than the address of record, if the mailing address has been changed within 15 days of the redemption request, or in certain other circumstances, such as to prevent unauthorized account transfers or redemptions. The Funds may also require a signature guarantee for redemptions of $50,000 or more. Signature guarantees are for the protection of shareholders. All redemptions requiring signature guarantees must utilize a New Technology Medallion stamp, generally available from the bank where you maintain your checking or savings account. You can obtain a signature guarantee from most banks and securities dealers, but not from a notary public. For joint accounts, both signatures must be guaranteed. Please call Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562 if you have questions. At the discretion of the Funds or the Funds’ transfer agent, a shareholder, prior to redemption, may be required to furnish additional legal documents to ensure proper authorization.

 

By Telephone. You may redeem any part of your account (up to $50,000) in a Fund by calling Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562. Neither the Funds, the transfer agent, nor the custodian are liable for following redemption instructions communicated by telephone that they reasonably believe to be genuine. Procedures employed may include recording telephone instructions and requiring a form of personal identification from the caller.

 

The Funds or their transfer agent may terminate the telephone redemption procedures at any time. During periods of extreme market activity it is possible that shareholders may encounter some difficulty in telephoning the Funds, although neither the Funds nor the transfer agent anticipates difficulties in receiving and in a timely fashion responding to telephone requests for redemptions. If you are unable to reach the Funds by telephone, you may request a redemption by mail.

 

Policy on Market Timing. The Funds discourage market timing. Market timing is an investment strategy using frequent purchases and redemptions in an attempt to profit from short-term market movements. Market timing may result in dilution of the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders, disrupt portfolio management and increase Fund expenses for all shareholders. The Board has adopted a policy directing the Funds to reject any purchase order with respect to one investor, a related group of investors or their agent(s), where it detects a pattern of purchases and sales of the Funds that indicate market timing or trading that it determines is abusive. This policy generally applies to all Fund shareholders. Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, the Funds’ transfer agent, performs automated monitoring of short-term trading activity with respect to the Funds. Instances of suspected short-term trading are investigated by the compliance department. If an instance is deemed a violation of the short-term trading policies of the Funds, then the Adviser is notified and action, such as suspending future purchases, is taken.

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While the Funds attempt to deter market timing, there is no assurance that it will be able to identify and eliminate all market timers. For example, certain accounts called “omnibus accounts” include multiple shareholders. Despite the Funds’ efforts to detect and prevent abusive trading activities, it may be difficult to identify such activity in certain omnibus accounts traded through a bank, broker-dealer, 401(k) plan, financial adviser or financial supermarket (each a Financial Intermediary). Omnibus accounts typically provide the Funds with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day where purchasers of Fund shares and redeemers of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identities of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated are not known by the Funds. Consequently, the Funds may not have knowledge of the identity of investors and their transactions. Under a federal rule, the Funds are required to have an agreement with many of their Financial Intermediaries obligating the Intermediaries to provide, upon a Fund’s request, information regarding the Financial Intermediaries’ customers and their transactions. However, there can be no guarantee that all excessive, short-term or other abusive trading activities will be detected, even with such an agreement in place. Certain Financial Intermediaries, in particular retirement plan sponsors and administrators, may have less restrictive policies regarding short-term trading. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, including purchase orders that they do not think are in the best interests of the Funds or their respective shareholders, or if the Funds think that the trading is abusive. The Funds have not entered into any arrangements with any person to permit frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares.

 

Additional Information

 

If you are not certain of the requirements for a redemption, please call Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562. Redemptions specifying a certain date or share price cannot be accepted and will be returned.

 

The length of time the Funds typically expect to pay redemption proceeds is similar regardless of whether the payment is made by check, wire, or ACH. The Funds typically expect to pay redemption proceeds for shares redeemed within the following days after receipt by the transfer agent of a redemption request in proper form:

 

For payment by check, the Funds typically expect to mail the check within one to three business days;

 

For payment by wire or ACH, the Funds typically expect to process the payment within one to three business days.

 

Payment of redemption proceeds may take longer than the time the Funds typically expect and may take up to seven days as permitted under the 1940 Act. Under unusual circumstances as permitted by the SEC, the Funds may suspend the right of redemption or delay payment of redemption proceeds for more than 7 days. When shares are purchased by check or through ACH, the proceeds from the redemption of those shares will not be paid until the purchase check or ACH transfer has been converted to federal funds, which could take up to 15 calendar days.

 

Generally, all redemptions will be paid in cash. The Funds typically expect to satisfy redemption requests by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents or selling portfolio assets. On a less regular basis, and if the Adviser believes it is in the best interest of a Fund and its shareholders not to sell portfolio assets, the Fund may satisfy redemption requests by using short-term borrowing from the Fund’s custodian. These methods normally will be used during both regular and stressed market conditions. In addition to paying redemption proceeds in cash, the Funds reserve the right to make redemptions via redemptions in kind (by exchanging shares for securities rather than cash). Redemptions in kind will be made only under extraordinary circumstances and if the Funds deem it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders, such as a very large redemption that could affect Fund operations (for example, more than 1% of a Fund’s net assets). A redemption in kind will consist of securities equal in market value to the Fund shares being redeemed, using the same valuation procedures that the Funds used to compute their NAV. Pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, redemption in kind transactions will typically be made by delivering readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder within seven days after a Fund’s receipt of the redemption order in proper form. Marketable securities are assets that are regularly traded or where updated price quotations are available. Illiquid securities are investments that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Certain illiquid securities may be valued using estimated prices from one of the Trust’s approved pricing agents. If a Fund redeems your shares in kind, it will value the securities pursuant to the policies and procedures adopted by the Board. You will bear the market risks associated with maintaining or selling the securities that are transferred as redemption proceeds. In addition, when you sell these securities, you will pay taxes and brokerage charges associated with selling the securities.

 

Redemption proceeds sent by check by a Fund and not cashed within 180 days will be reinvested in the Fund at the current day’s NAV. Redemption proceeds that are reinvested are subject to the risk of loss like any other investment in the Funds. Because the Funds incur certain fixed costs in maintaining shareholder accounts, the Funds may require you to redeem all of your shares in a Fund on 30 days’ written notice if the value of your shares in the Fund is less than $1,000 in Investor Shares, $100,000 in Institutional Shares or $1,000,000 in R6 Shares due to redemptions, or such other minimum amount as the Fund may determine from time to time. You may increase the value of your shares in the Funds to the minimum amount within the 30-day period. All shares of a Fund also are subject to involuntary redemption if the Board determines to liquidate the Fund. In such event, the Fund will provide notice to shareholders, but the Fund will not be required to obtain shareholder approval prior to such liquidation. An involuntary liquidation will create a capital gain or capital loss, which may have tax consequences about which you should consult your tax adviser.

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For redemption requests received from persons “authorized to consummate transactions,” the Funds are required to do so at a price based on NAV next computed after the authorized representative’s receipt of the order to buy or sell.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The price you pay for your shares is based on a Fund’s NAV for the applicable class. The NAV of each Fund class is calculated at the close of trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business (the Stock Exchange is closed on weekends, most Federal holidays and Good Friday). The NAV of each Fund class is calculated by dividing the value of its total assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of shares outstanding. Requests to purchase and sell shares are processed at the applicable NAV next calculated after a Fund receives your order in proper form.

 

Each Fund’s assets generally are valued at their market value. If market quotations are not readily available (including when they are not reliable), or if an event occurs after the close of the trading market but before the calculation of the NAV that materially affects the value of a security, the security will be valued at a fair value, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Under the procedures adopted by the Board, the Board may delegate fair value determinations to the Adviser or third-party pricing services, subject to the supervision of the Board. When pricing securities using the fair value procedures established by the Board, the Funds (with the assistance of its service providers) seek to assign the value that represents the amount that the Funds might reasonably expect to receive upon a current sale of the securities. However, given the subjectivity inherent in fair valuation and the fact that events could occur after NAV calculation, the actual market prices for a security may differ from the fair value of that security at the time of NAV calculation. Thus, discrepancies between fair values and actual market prices may occur on a regular and recurring basis. These discrepancies do not necessarily indicate that the Funds’ fair value methodology is inappropriate. The Funds will adjust the fair values assigned to securities in each Fund’s portfolio, to the extent necessary, as soon as market prices become available. The Funds (and their service providers) monitor and evaluate the appropriateness of their fair value methodologies.

 

To the extent the Funds invest in other mutual funds, the Fund class’ NAV is calculated based, in part, upon the NAVs of such mutual funds; the Prospectuses for those mutual funds in which the Funds will invest describe the circumstances under which those mutual funds will use fair value pricing, which, in turn, affects their NAVs.

 

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

 

Dividends and Distributions. The Funds typically distribute to its shareholders, as dividends, substantially all of its net investment income and any realized net capital gains. These distributions are automatically reinvested in the Fund class in which you are invested unless you request cash distributions on your application or through a written request to the appropriate Fund. The Funds expect that its distributions will consist primarily of income and/or realized net capital gains.

 

Taxes. Net investment income distributed by the Funds generally will consist of interest income, if any, and dividends received on investments, less expenses. The dividends you receive, whether or not reinvested, will be taxed as ordinary income, except as described below. Please see the table below for additional information. Dividends normally will be distributed by the Funds on an annual basis.

 

The Funds will normally distribute net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders once a year. Capital gains are generated when a Fund sells its capital assets for a profit. Capital gains are taxed differently depending on how long a Fund has held the capital asset sold. Distributions of gains recognized on the sale of capital assets held for one year or less are taxed at ordinary income rates; distributions of gains recognized on the sale of capital assets held longer than one year are taxed at long-term capital gains rates regardless of how long you have held your shares. If a Fund distributes an amount exceeding its income and gains, this excess will generally be treated as a non-taxable return of capital.

 

To the extent the Funds invest in REITs, each Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income to investors because most REIT distributions come from mortgage interest and rents. For this reason each Fund’s distributions may be taxed at the 35% ordinary income rate, rather than qualifying for the 20%/15% rates on qualified dividend accounts.

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Each Fund’s distributions, whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund, may be subject to federal income tax. Unless you indicate another option on your account application, any dividends and capital gain distributions paid to you by a Fund automatically will be invested in additional shares of the applicable Fund class in which you invest. Alternatively, you may elect to have: (1) dividends paid to you in cash and the amount of any capital gain distributions reinvested; or (2) the full amount of any dividends and capital gain distributions paid to you in cash. The Funds will send dividends and capital gain distributions elected to be received as cash to the address of record or bank of record on the applicable account. Your distribution option will automatically be converted to having all dividends and other distributions reinvested in additional shares if any of the following occur:

 

Postal or other delivery service is unable to deliver checks to the address of record;

 

Dividends and capital gain distributions are not cashed within 180 days; or

 

Bank account of record is no longer valid.

 

Dividends and capital gain distribution checks issued by the Funds which are not cashed within 180 days will be reinvested in the applicable Fund class at the current day’s NAV for that Fund class. When reinvested, those amounts are subject to market risk like any other investment in the Funds.

 

You may want to avoid making a substantial investment when the Funds are about to make a taxable distribution because you would be responsible for any taxes on the distribution regardless of how long you have owned your shares.

 

Selling shares (including redemptions and exchanges) and receiving distributions (whether reinvested or taken in cash) usually are taxable events to a Fund’s shareholders, as described in the chart below.

 

Summary of Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences for Taxable Accounts. The following discussion reflects current law.

 

Type of Transaction

Tax Status

Qualified dividend income Generally maximum 15% rate on non-corporate taxpayers whose income is equal to or less than $500,000 (individual filers) or $600,000 (married filing jointly) and 20% on individual taxpayers whose income exceeds these thresholds and on most trusts and estates.
Net short-term capital gain distributions Ordinary income rates.
Net long-term capital gain distributions Generally maximum 15% rate on non-corporate taxpayers whose income is equal to or less than $500,000 (individual filers) or $600,000 (married filing jointly) and 20% on individual taxpayers whose income exceeds these thresholds and on most trusts and estates.
Sales of shares (including redemptions and exchanges) owned more than one year Gains taxed at generally maximum 15% rate on non-corporate taxpayers whose income is equal to or less than $500,000 (individual filers) or $600,000 (married filing jointly) and 20% on individual taxpayers whose income exceeds these thresholds and on most trusts and estates.  Losses are subject to special rules concerning the use of long-term capital losses.
Sales of shares (including redemptions and exchanges) owned for one year or less Gains are taxed at the same rate as ordinary income; losses are subject to special rules.

 

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax generally will be imposed on certain net investment income of non-corporate taxpayers whose modified adjusted gross income exceeds $200,000 (individual filers) or $250,000 (married filing jointly). Net investment income includes dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and gains from the sale of shares, including redemptions.

 

As described generally above, designated dividends paid by the Funds to non-corporate shareholders generally will qualify for a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% or 20% to the extent such dividends are attributable to qualified dividend income from a Fund’s investment in common and preferred stock of U.S. and qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met. However, to the extent that the Funds have ordinary income from investments in debt securities, for example, such as interest income, income dividends paid by the Funds and attributable to that will not qualify for the reduced tax rate.

 

If shares of the Funds are purchased within 30 days before or after redeeming other shares of the Funds at a loss, all or a portion of that loss will not be deductible and will increase the basis of the newly purchased shares. If shares of the Funds are sold at a loss after being held by a shareholder for six months or less, the loss will be long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on the shares.

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If you are a non-corporate shareholder and if the Funds do not have your correct social security or other taxpayer identification number, federal law requires us to withhold and pay to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) 28% of your distributions and sales proceeds. If you are subject to back up withholding, we also will withhold and pay to the IRS 28% of your distributions (under current law). Any tax withheld may be applied against the tax liability on your federal income tax return.

 

Because your tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state and local tax consequences.

 

Cost Basis Reporting. Federal law requires mutual fund companies to report their shareholders’ cost basis, gain/loss, and holding period to the IRS on Fund shareholders’ Form 1099s when “covered” securities are sold. Covered securities are any regulated investment company and/or dividend reinvestment plan shares. The Funds have chosen Average Cost as its standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders. A tax lot identification method is the way the Funds will determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing NAVs, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Funds’ standing tax lot identification method is the method covered shares will be reported on your Form 1099 if you do not select a specific tax lot identification method. You may choose a method different than the Funds’ standing method and will be able to do so at the time of your purchase or upon the sale of covered shares. Please refer to the appropriate IRS regulations or consult your tax adviser with regard to your personal circumstances. For those securities defined as “covered” under current IRS cost basis tax reporting regulations, the Funds are responsible for maintaining accurate cost basis and tax lot information for tax reporting purposes. The Funds are not responsible for the reliability or accuracy of the information for those securities that are not “covered.” The Funds and their service providers do not provide tax advice.

 

You should consult independent sources, which may include a tax professional, with respect to any decisions you may make with respect to choosing a tax lot identification method.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

 

The Adviser. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (“Fuller & Thaler” or the “Adviser”) is an independent investment management firm that is not affiliated with any parent organization. Fuller & Thaler serves as the investment manager or Adviser for the Funds. In this capacity, the Adviser provides investment advisory and certain administrative services to the Funds.

 

The Adviser is located at 411 Borel Avenue, Suite 300, San Mateo, CA 94402. Organized in 1993, the Adviser provides investment management and advisory services to open-end mutual funds, institutions, and intermediaries. As of September 30, 2018 the Adviser had [$9.87] billion in assets under management.

 

The Adviser is responsible for providing general investment advice and guidance to the Funds. The Adviser also provides trading, proxy voting, record-keeping and other administrative services for each Fund. For its advisory services to the Funds, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee calculated on the respective Fund’s average daily net assets as denoted immediately below.

 

Fund Annual Management Fee
Small-Cap Equity Fund 0.60%
Small-Cap Growth Fund 0.85%
Mid-Cap Value Fund 0.75%
Unconstrained Equity Fund 0.85%
Small–Mid Core Equity Fund 0.80%
Micro-Cap Equity Fund 1.50%

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.80%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.80% for A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. For the period February 1, 2018 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.25%, 0.97% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets. For the period February 1, 2017 through January 31, 2018, the Adviser contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.05%, 0.90%, and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets.

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The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.80%, 1.25%, 0.99%, and 0.90% for A Shares, C Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small Cap Growth Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Effective December 20, 2017 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.24%, 0.99%, and 0.90% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small Cap Growth Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

The Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.20%, 1.15%, 0.90%, and 0.80% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Effective December 20, 2017 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.14%, 0.89% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.90% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Unconstrained Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020.

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.26%, 1.21%, 0.95% and 0.85% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020.

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 2.04%, 1.99%, 1.75% and 1.65% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020.

 

The expense limitations of the Funds do not apply to: (i)  interest; (ii)  taxes; (iii)  brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of each Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”) is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board at any time.

 

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Small-Cap Equity Fund paid the Adviser a management fee, after fee waivers and expense reimbursements, equal to 0.[]% of its average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Small Cap Growth Fund paid the Adviser a management fee, after fee waivers and expense reimbursements, equal to 0.__ % of its average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Mid-Cap Value Fund paid the Adviser a management fee, after fee waivers and expense reimbursements, equal to 0.__ % of its average daily net assets. As of the date of this Prospectus, neither the Long–Term Unconstrained Equity Fund nor the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund nor the Micro-Cap Equity Fund had commenced operations and therefore each Fund has yet to pay the Adviser a management fee.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement with the Adviser on behalf of the Small-Cap Equity Fund will be included in the Fund’s [annual report to shareholders for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2018]. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement with the Adviser on behalf of the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund was included in the Funds’ semi-annual reports to shareholders for the fiscal period ended March 31, 2018.  A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement with the Adviser on behalf of the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund will be included in the Funds’ semi-annual reports to shareholders for the fiscal period ended March 31, 2019.  

 

If you invest in the Funds through an investment adviser, bank, broker-dealer, 401(k) plan, trust company or other financial intermediary, the policies and fees for transacting business may be different than those described in this Prospectus. Some financial intermediaries may charge transaction fees and may set different minimum investments or limitations on buying or selling shares. Some financial intermediaries do not charge a direct transaction fee, but instead charge a fee for services such as sub-transfer agency, accounting and/or shareholder services that the financial intermediary provides on a Fund’s behalf. This fee may be based on the number of accounts or may be a percentage of the average value of a Fund’s shareholder accounts for which the financial intermediary provides services. The Funds may pay a portion of this fee, which is intended to compensate the financial intermediary for providing the same services that would otherwise be provided by the Funds’ transfer agent or other service providers if the shares were purchased directly from the Funds. To the extent that these fees are not paid by the Funds, the Adviser may pay a fee to financial intermediaries for such services.

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To the extent that the Adviser pays a fee, sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing,” to a financial intermediary for distribution or shareholder servicing, the Adviser may consider a number of factors in determining the amount of payment associated with such distribution or services, including the amount of sales, assets invested in the respective Fund and the nature of the services provided by the financial intermediary. Although neither the Funds nor the Adviser pays for a Fund to be included in a financial intermediary’s “preferred list” or other promotional program, some Financial Intermediaries that receive compensation as described above may have such programs in which the Funds may be included. The Adviser may pay for the opportunity to distribute the Funds through a financial intermediary’s system. Financial intermediaries that receive these types of payments may have a conflict of interest in recommending or selling a Fund’s shares rather than other mutual funds, particularly where such payments exceed those associated with other funds.

 

The Funds may from time to time purchase securities issued by financial intermediaries that provide such services; however, in selecting investments for the Funds, no preference will be shown for such securities.

 

Portfolio Managers. The individuals listed below are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds at the Adviser.

 

Raife Giovinazzo, Ph.D., CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, is responsible for managing the Small-Cap Equity Fund. He has managed the Small-Cap Equity Fund and its predecessor since 2013. He also serves as the Back-up Portfolio Manager for the Unconstrained Equity Fund and the Small-Mid Core Equity Fund. He has more than 14 years of investment-industry experience. Dr. Giovinazzo was previously a co-portfolio manager and researcher with Blackrock’s Scientific Active Equity group (formerly Barclays Global Investors) from 2008 to 2013. Before that, he worked at Wellington Management, Marsh & McLennan and Mercer Management Consulting. Dr. Giovinazzo has a B.A. from Princeton; he also has an M.B.A. and a Ph.D. from the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago. Dr. Giovinazzo is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Francisco. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He is an owner of Fuller & Thaler and a member of its Board of Directors. 

 

Russell J. Fuller, Ph.D., CFA, Founder, Chief Investment Officer and Back-up Portfolio Manager, has been the co- and/or back-up portfolio manager of the Small-Cap Equity Fund and its predecessor since 2011. He is a Founder of Fuller & Thaler and oversees its research and investment activities. Dr. Fuller has more than 46 years of investment-industry experience. He was previously chairman of the finance department at Washington State University and has also held positions at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He has a B.A., an M.B.A. and a Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska. Dr. Fuller is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Francisco. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He is an owner of Fuller & Thaler and Chairman of its Board of Directors.

 

Frederick W. Stanske, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, has been responsible for managing the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Micro-Cap Fund since each fund’s respective inception. He also serves as the Back-up Portfolio Manager for the Small-Cap Equity Fund. He has managed Fuller & Thaler’s small-cap growth strategy since 1996, previously available in institutional separately managed accounts (SMAs), and also manages the firm’s Micro-Cap strategy. He has over 30 years of investment experience. Prior to joining Fuller & Thaler, Mr. Stanske spent over ten years as an analyst and portfolio manager at Farmers Insurance Group and then at Fisher Investments. Earlier in his career, he worked in the corporate sector as an analyst. He received his BS from the University of Denver and his MBA from the University of Chicago. Mr. Stanske is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of San Francisco. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. Mr. Stanske is an owner of Fuller & Thaler and a member of its Board of Directors.

 

Raymond Lin, CFA, Partner and Portfolio Manager, has been the portfolio manager of both the Unconstrained Equity Fund and the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund since their inception. He also has served as the back-up portfolio manager of the Small-Cap Growth Fund and Micro-Cap Fund since their inception and the back-up portfolio manager of Fuller & Thaler’s small-cap growth and micro-cap strategies since 2006. He also manages Fuller & Thaler’s Behavioral Equity Market Neutral strategy. Mr. Lin has over 25 years of investment experience. Prior to joining Fuller & Thaler, Mr. Lin was a portfolio manager for a long-short equity fund at Tricera Capital. He previously was a principal and portfolio manager at Sit Investment Associates and an options trader at JP Morgan. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the CFA Society of San Francisco. He received his BS in Computer Science from the University of Michigan and his MBA and MA from the University of California, Berkeley. Mr. Lin is an owner of Fuller & Thaler and a member of the Board of Directors.

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David M. Potter, CFA, Partner and Lead Portfolio Manager, is responsible for managing the Mid-Cap Value Fund since its inception. The Mid-Cap Value Fund uses a similar behavioral over-reaction investment process as the Fuller & Thaler small-cap value strategy managed by Mr. Potter since 2005, previously available in institutional separately managed accounts (SMAs). Mr. Potter has also managed the Undiscovered Managers Behavioral Value Fund (ticker: UBVLX) since its inception, which employs the same behavioral investment techniques as the Mid-Cap Value Fund. Prior to joining Fuller & Thaler, Mr. Potter was a Vice President at Goldman Sachs. Previously, he was an Associate Director at Scotia Capital Markets. Mr. Potter received his BA (honors) in Economics and Finance from McGill University in Montreal and his MBA (honors) in Finance from the University of Chicago. Mr. Potter holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the CFA Society of San Francisco. He is an owner of Fuller & Thaler and a member of its Board of Directors.

 

Ryam Lee, CFA, Analyst, has been an analyst on the Mid-Cap Value Fund since inception.  He has over seven years of financial industry experience.  Prior to joining Fuller & Thaler, he was a private equity analyst at McCarthy Capital.  Previously, he worked in corporate development at a commodity management firm and business valuation at an independent valuation firm.  Mr. Lee received his BA (honors) in Economics and Finance from Creighton University and an MBA in Accounting, Economics, and Finance from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.  He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the CFA Society of San Francisco.

 

The Funds’ SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Funds.

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PAST PERFORMANCE OF THE ADVISER

 

In this section of past performance, the Adviser refers to Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, the GIPS firm. The performance information has been provided by the Adviser and relates to the historical performance of the client accounts (“each a Composite” and together the “Composites”) managed by the Adviser pursuant to the following strategies: the small-cap growth strategy (the “Small Cap Growth Composite”), the strategy used by the Adviser to manage the assets of the Small-Cap Growth Fund; the behavioral unconstrained equity strategy (the “Unconstrained Equity Composite”), the strategy used by the Adviser to manage the assets of the Unconstrained Equity Fund; and the micro-cap equity strategy (the “Micro-Cap Equity Composite”), the strategy used by the Adviser to manage the assets of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund. The investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Small-Cap Growth Fund, the Unconstrained Equity Fund, and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund are substantially similar to those of the accounts included in the Adviser’s respective Composite in the same strategy. The Adviser has managed the assets of each of the Small-Cap Growth Fund, the Unconstrained Equity Fund, and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund since its inception.

 

While the Adviser is primarily responsible for the performance of each Fund, the performance of the strategies reflected by the Composites do not represent the past performance of the Funds. If the performance of the Composite had been readjusted to reflect the first year expenses of a Fund managed pursuant to the corresponding strategy, the performance of the Composite would have been lower. You should not consider this performance data for the strategies reflected by the Composite as an indication of future performance of the corresponding Fund.

 

Transactions are recorded on the trade date. Cash balances and cash equivalents are included in the performance. All returns presented are calculated in U.S. dollars on a total return basis, include the reinvestment of all dividends and interest, and take into account accrued income and realized and unrealized gains and losses. All returns are calculated by deducting the Adviser’s actual fee on a monthly or quarterly basis as well as all brokerage commissions and execution costs paid by the Composite accounts without provision for Federal or state income taxes. Custodial fees, if any, were not included in the calculations. The standard management fee for the small-cap growth strategy is 1.10% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.00% per annum on the next $10 million, 0.90% per annum on the next $10 million and 0.70% per annum on assets over $25 million. The standard management fee for the unconstrained equity strategy is 1.20% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.10% per annum on the next $10 million, and 1.00% per annum on assets over $15 million. The standard management fee for the micro-cap equity strategy is 1.30% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.15% per annum on the next $10 million, and 1.05% per annum on assets over $15 million. Actual investment management fees incurred by clients may vary. Policies for valuing portfolios, calculating performance and preparing compliant presentations are available upon request.

 

Each Fund’s performance is calculated using the method required by the SEC, which differs from the method used to calculate the performance of the private accounts comprising the Composite. The private accounts are not subject to the same types of expenses to which the Fund is subject nor to the diversification requirements, specific tax restrictions and investment limitations imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act and the IRC. Consequently, the performance results for the private accounts could have been adversely affected (i.e., lower) if the private accounts included in the Composites had been regulated as an investment company under the Federal securities laws.

 

The following tables show the annual returns of the Composite for each of the last ten calendar years and for the 1-Year, 5-Year and 10-Year periods ended December 31, 2017 for the Small-Cap Growth and Micro-Cap Equity Composites and the last two calendar years for the Unconstrained Equity Composite. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS standards. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management has been independently verified for the periods January 1, 1992 through December 31, 2017. ACA Performance Services, LLC provided the verification for the periods January 1, 1992 through March 31, 2016 and January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017. Ashland Partners & Company, LLP provided the verification for the period March 31, 2016 through December 31, 2016. On June 28, 2017, ACA Performance Services, LLC acquired the investment performance service business of Ashland Partners & Company, LLP. Verification assesses whether: (1) the firm has complied with all the composite construction requirements of the GIPS standards on a firm-wide basis; and (2) the firm’s policies and procedures are designed to calculate and present performance in compliance with the GIPS standards. The verification report is available upon request. A complete list and description of Fuller & Thaler’s Composite is available upon request. The data presented herein is not intended to predict or suggest the returns that might be experienced by the Fund or an individual investor investing in the Fund. You should be aware that the use of a methodology different from that used to calculate the performance below could result in different performance data.

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Adviser’s Small-Cap Growth Strategy Composite

 

Net Annual Calendar Year Returns

 

  Small-Cap Growth Composite Returns(1)   Annualized Ex-Post Composite Assets
Year Ended Gross Composite Returns Net Composite Returns Composite Dispersion(2) Benchmark(3)*

Composite 3-Yr. Std. Dev.(4)

Benchmark 3-Yr Std. Dev.(4)

End of Period (MM)  Firm Assets (MM)
12/31/08 -43.59% -43.99% 0.16% -41.50% N/A N/A 289 995
12/31/09 38.76% 37.87% 0.21% 41.66% N/A N/A 345 1,002
12/31/10 30.08% 29.31% 0.33% 28.86% N/A N/A 387 1,168
12/31/11 -9.74% -10.34% 0.24% -2.91% 23.19% 23.63% 122 976
12/31/12 9.34% 8.51% N/A 14.59% 21.41% 20.63% 74 1,122
12/31/13 44.26% 43.16% N/A 43.30% 18.37% 17.52% 32 1,977
12/31/14 11.76% 10.91% N/A 5.60% 13.17% 14.02% 29 2,855
12/31/15 4.77% 3.98% N/A -1.38% 13.68% 15.16% 33 4,746
12/31/16 16.92% 16.03% N/A 11.32% 15.12% 16.91% 38 7,451
12/31/17 20.56% 19.65% N/A 22.17% 14.09% 14.80% 43 8,741

 

Annualized Net Returns for the Period Ended

December 31, 2017

 

  Small-Cap Growth Composite Benchmark*
1 Year (2017) 19.65% 22.17%
5 Years (2013-2017) 18.04% 15.21%
10 Years (2008-2017) 8.33% 9.20%

 

*The Russell 2500 Growth® was the benchmark from 1/1/92 through 12/31/10 and the Russell 2000® Growth has been the benchmark since 1/1/11. The reported 10 year benchmark performance is a blend of the Russell 2500 Growth® and the Russell 2000® Growth indices.

 

(1)The Small-Cap Growth Composite is an actively managed small-cap growth strategy that evaluates small-cap companies with a capitalization consistent with the capitalization ranges of the Russell 2000® Growth Index and is driven by the Adviser’s proprietary research on the behavioral biases of other investors. The portfolio managers buy when other investors are likely to make behavioral mistakes. The Composite was created in April 1993, and comprises all discretionary accounts that are managed pursuant to the Adviser’s small-cap growth strategy. At 12/31/13, 12/31/14, 12/31/15, 12/31/16, and 12/31/17, non-fee paying accounts comprised <1% of composite assets.

 

The Composite does not reflect accounts that have been removed from the Composite pursuant to the Adviser’s removal policy (the “Excluded Accounts”). Accounts are excluded from a composite so that a composite remains representative of a strategy; the exclusion is intended to prevent a composite from being misleading. It is the Adviser’s position that the Excluded Accounts cannot be managed in a manner substantially consistent with its small-cap growth strategy.

 

Accounts are included in the Composite at the beginning of the first full calendar month of performance earned after the account is invested such that the holdings and percentage of cash are comparable to the holdings and percentage of cash for other accounts in the Composite and no later than three (3) months from the inception of the account. Accounts are excluded from the Composite as of the beginning of the calendar month in which the account is no longer under management (i.e., where the account begins liquidation) by Fuller & Thaler or fails to meet the composite definition or other inclusion criteria.

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(2)Composite dispersion is calculated using the equal-weighted standard deviation of all accounts included in the Composite for the full year; it is not presented for periods less than one year or when there were five or fewer accounts in the Composite for the full year.

 

(3)The benchmark, the Russell 2000® Growth Index, is a market-cap weighted index and measures the performance of the small-cap growth segment of the U.S. equity universe. It includes Russell 2000® Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The index is unmanaged and does not incur management fees, transaction costs or other expenses and is not available for direct investment. Index returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends. Benchmark indices and related statistics are presented gross-of-fee.

 

(4)Valuation and returns are computed and stated in U.S. Dollars. Returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends and other earnings. Gross returns are presented before management and custodial fees and withholding taxes (except for ADRs), but after all trading expenses. Net returns are netted down from gross returns by the actual management fees that were paid. The standard management fee for this strategy is 1.10% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.00% per annum on the next$10 million, 0.90% per annum on the next $10 million, and 0.70% per annum on assets over $25 million.

 

(5)The 3-year standard deviation is a measure of the volatility of an investment’s returns – the greater the 3-year standard deviation, the larger the differences between the investment’s actual returns and average return. It was calculated over the most recent past 36 months of returns, if available. The 3-year standard deviation was calculated by using the Russell 2500 Growth® Index for 2010 and the Russell 2000® Growth Index for 2011 and 2012. This information was required to be presented as of 2011.

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Adviser’s Unconstrained Equity Composite

 

Net Annual Calendar Year Returns

 

  Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Composite Returns (1)   Annualized Ex-Post Composite Assets
Year Ended Gross Composite Returns Net Composite Returns Composite Dispersion(2) Benchmark(3)*

Composite 3-Yr. Std. Dev.(4)

Benchmark 3-Yr Std. Dev.(4)

End of Period (MM)  Firm Assets (MM)

12/31/16

25.03% 25.03% NA 12.74% NA NA 3 7,451
12/31/17 25.07% 25.07% NA 21.13% NA NA 4 8,741

 

Annualized Net Returns for the Period Ended

December 31, 2017

 

  Unconstrained Equity Composite Benchmark*
1 Year (2017) 25.07% 21.13%

 

*The Russell 3000® has been the composite’s benchmark since its creation.

 

(1)The Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Composite is an actively managed strategy that primarily invests in the equities of U.S. companies of all market capitalizations and is driven by the Adviser’s proprietary research on the behavioral biases of other investors. The portfolio managers buy when other investors are likely to make behavioral mistakes. The Composite was created in July 2018, and comprises all discretionary accounts that are managed pursuant to the Adviser’s behavioral unconstrained equity strategy. At 12/31/16 and 12/31/17, non-fee paying accounts comprised 100% of composite assets

 

Accounts are included in the Composite at the beginning of the first full calendar month of performance earned after the account is invested such that the holdings and percentage of cash are comparable to the holdings and percentage of cash for other accounts in the Composite and no later than three (3) months from the inception of the account. Accounts are excluded from the Composite as of the beginning of the calendar month in which the account is no longer under management (i.e., where the account begins liquidation) by Fuller & Thaler or fails to meet the composite definition or other inclusion criteria.

 

(2)Composite dispersion is calculated using the equal-weighted standard deviation of all accounts included in the Composite for the full year; it is not presented for periods less than one year or when there were five or fewer accounts in the Composite for the full year. There were fewer than 5 accounts in the composite for both 2016 and 2017.

 

(3)The benchmark, the Russell 3000® Index, measures the performance of the broad U.S. equity market. The index represents the 3000 largest U.S. publicly traded companies as measured by market capitalization. The index is unmanaged and does not incur management fees, transaction costs or other expenses and is not available for direct investment. Index returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends. Benchmark indices and related statistics are presented gross-of-fee.

 

(4)Valuation and returns are computed and stated in U.S. Dollars. Returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends and other earnings. Gross returns are presented before management and custodial fees and withholding taxes (except for ADRs), but after all trading expenses. Net returns are netted down from gross returns by the actual management fees that were paid. The standard management fee for this strategy is 1.20% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.10% per annum on the next $10 million, and 1.00% per annum on assets over $15 million.

 

(5)The 3-year standard deviation is a measure of the volatility of an investment’s returns – the greater the 3-year standard deviation, the larger the differences between the investment’s actual returns and average return. It was calculated over the most recent past 36 months of returns, if available.

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Adviser’s Micro-Cap Equity Composite

 

Net Annual Calendar Year Returns

 

  Micro-Cap Returns(1)   Annualized Ex-Post Composite Assets
Year Ended Gross Composite Returns Net Composite Returns Composite Dispersion(2) Benchmark(3)*

Composite 3-Yr. Std. Dev.(4)

Benchmark 3-Yr Std. Dev.(4)

End of Period (MM)  Firm Assets (MM)
12/31/08 -45.26% -45.80% NA -39.78% NA NA 94 995
12/31/09 63.03% 61.42% NA 27.48% NA NA 114 1,002
12/31/10 42.70% 41.27% NA 28.89% NA NA 153 1,168
12/31/11 -22.73% -23.48% NA -9.27% 31.03% 26.47% 136 976
12/31/12 30.50% 29.20% NA 19.75% 27.14% 21.50% 173 1,122
12/31/13 64.42% 62.80% NA 45.62% 21.81% 17.33% 280 1,977
12/31/14 1.41% 0.40% 0.43% 3.65% 17.38% 14.51% 220 2,855
12/31/15 -10.79% -11.66% 0.49% -5.16% 17.55% 15.04% 208 4,746
12/31/16 13.08% 11.95% 0.35% 20.37% 17.78% 17.08% 174 7,451
12/31/17 28.34% 27.04% 0.63% 13.17% 16.82% 15.54% 168 8,741

 

Annualized Net Returns for the Period Ended

December 31, 2017

 

  Micro-Cap Equity Composite Benchmark*
1 Year (2017) 27.04% 13.17%
5 Years (2013-2017) 15.48%% 14.29%
10 Years (2008-2017) 9.64% 7.68%

 

*The composite’s benchmark is the Russell Microcap® Index. Prior to October 2010, the Russell Microcap® Index was used for returns as of July 1, 2005. The Russell Microcap® Index returns going back to July 1, 2000 became available in 3Q10,

 

(1)The Micro-Cap composite is an actively managed strategy that evaluates companies with a capitalization consistent with the capitalization ranges of the/ Russell Microcap ® Index sizes and is driven by the Adviser’s proprietary research on the behavioral biases of other investors. The portfolio managers buy when other investors are likely to make behavioral mistakes. The Composite was created in January 1999, and contains all actual discretionary accounts primarily invested in the equities of U.S. companies with market capitalizations generally in the range of companies included in its benchmark, the Russell Microcap® Index. At 12/31/10, 12/31/12, 12/31/13, 12/31/14, 12/31/15, 12/31/16, and 12/31/17, non-fee paying accounts comprised ≤3% of composite assets.

 

The Composite does not reflect accounts that have been removed from the Composite pursuant to the Adviser’s removal policy (the “Excluded Accounts”). Accounts are excluded from a composite so that a composite remains representative of a strategy; the exclusion is intended to prevent a composite from being misleading. It is the Adviser’s position that the Excluded Accounts cannot be managed in a manner substantially consistent with its small-cap growth strategy.

 

Accounts are included in the Composite at the beginning of the first full calendar month of performance earned after the account is invested such that the holdings and percentage of cash are comparable to the holdings and percentage of cash for other accounts in the Composite and no later than three (3) months from the inception of the account. Accounts are excluded from the Composite as of the beginning of the calendar month in which the account is no longer under management (i.e., where the account begins liquidation) by Fuller & Thaler or fails to meet the composite definition or other inclusion criteria.

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(2)Composite dispersion is calculated using the equal-weighted standard deviation of all accounts included in the Composite for the full year; it is not presented for periods less than one year or when there were five or fewer accounts in the Composite for the full year.

 

(3)The Russell Microcap® Index measures the performance of the microcap segment of the U.S. equity market. Microcap stocks make up less than 3% of the U.S. equity market (by market cap) and consist of the smallest 1,000 securities in the small cap Russell 2000® Index, plus the next smallest eligible securities by market cap. The Russell 2000® Index measures the performance of the small-cap segment of the U.S. equity universe. The Russell 2000® Index is a subset of the Russell 3000® Index representing approximately 10% of the total market capitalization of that index. It includes approximately 2,000 of the smallest securities based on a combination of their market cap and current index membership. The Russell Microcap® Index is unmanaged and does not incur management fees, transaction costs or other expenses and is not available for direct investment. Index returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends. Benchmark indices and related statistics are presented gross-of-fee.

 

(4)Valuation and returns are computed and stated in U.S. Dollars. Returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends and other earnings. Gross returns are presented before management and custodial fees and withholding taxes (except for ADRs), but after all trading expenses. Net returns are netted down from gross returns by the actual management fees that were paid. The standard management fee for this strategy is 1.30% per annum on the first $5 million, 1.15% per annum on the next $10 million, and 1.05% per annum on amounts over $15 million.

 

(5)The 3-year standard deviation is a measure of the volatility of an investment’s returns - the greater the 3-year standard deviation, the larger the differences between the investment’s actual returns and average return. It was calculated over the most recent past 36 months of returns, if available. No 3-year standard deviation is shown where 36 months of returns are unavailable.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS  

 

The financial highlights tables below are intended to help you understand the financial performance of each class of shares of the Funds since the date that each class of shares was first offered. Effective January 30, 2017, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund was renamed the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund. Financial highlights for the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund for the period ended September 30, 2018 will be included by amendment filed on or prior to registration statement effectiveness.

 

The Small-Cap Equity Fund is a continuation of the Predecessor Fund and, therefore, some of the financial information presented below is for the Predecessor Fund. The Predecessor Fund’s shareholders approved the reorganization into the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund on October 21, 2015 and the reorganization took place on October 23, 2015. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a particular class of shares of the Fund, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. This information for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 has been audited by [], independent registered public accounting firm, whose reports, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ annual report to shareholders. Financial statements of the Small-Cap Equity Fund for the fiscal periods ended September 30, 2016, and 2015, and November 30, 2014 and 2013 were audited by another independent registered public accounting firm. The annual and semi-annual reports are incorporated by reference in the SAI and are available free of charge upon request from the Fund’s distributor. The following information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto.

 

Because the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus, there are no financial highlights available at this time.

 

[Financial Highlights Tables to be included by amendment.]

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Appendix A

 

Financial Intermediary Sales Charge Variations

 

As noted under “Classes of Shares,” a financial intermediary may offer Fuller & Thaler Fund shares subject to variations in or elimination of the Fund sales charges (“variations”), provided such variations are described in this prospectus. Set forth below are the variations in sales charges applicable to shares purchased through the noted financial intermediary. All variations described below are applied by, and the responsibility of, the identified financial intermediary. Variations may apply to purchases, sales, exchanges and reinvestments of Fund shares and a shareholder transacting in Fund shares through the intermediary identified below should read the terms and conditions of the variations carefully. A variation that is specific to a particular financial intermediary is not applicable to shares held directly with the Fund or through another intermediary.

 

Fund Purchases through Merrill Lynch

 

Effective _____ __, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fuller & Thaler Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account are eligible only for the following sales charge waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus or in the Statement of Additional Information. Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares The front-end sales charges applicable to purchases of Class A shares will be waived for:

 

Shares purchased by employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

 

Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan

 

Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program

 

Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch’s platform

 

Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable)

 

Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)

 

Shares exchanged from Class C shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 10-year anniversary of the purchase date

 

Shares purchased by employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement)

 

CDSC Waivers on Class C Shares (if applicable)

 

The CDSC payable on redemptions of Class A, Class B and Class C (if applicable) will be waived in connection with:

 

Shares sold on the death or disability of the shareholder

 

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in “Shareholder Account Features”

 

Shares sold to return excess contributions from an IRA Account

 

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½

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Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

 

The sale of Fund shares acquired pursuant to the Rights of Reinstatement privilege as described above

 

Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to a fee based account or platform (applicable to Class A and Class C shares only)

 

An exchange for shares of another class of the same fund through a fee-based individual retirement account on the Merrill Lynch platform. In such circumstances, Merrill Lynch will remit the portion of the CDSC to be paid to the principal underwriter equal to the number of months remaining on the CDSC period divided by the total number of months of the CDSC period

 

Front-end load Discounts Available: Discounts, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent

 

Front-end sales charges may be subject to discounts, rights of accumulation and letters of intent as follows:

 

The front-end sales charge applicable to Class A shares may be subject to breakpoint discounts for purchases in excess of $50,000 for Class A as described under “Sales Charges”

 

Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

 

Letters of Intent (LOI) through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)

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Fund Purchases through Morgan Stanley Wealth Management

 

Effective _____ __, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than those disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus or SAI. Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management

 

Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans

 

Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanley’s account linking rules

 

Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund

 

Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account

 

Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management’s share class conversion program

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (i)  the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii)  the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii)  redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge.

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Fund Purchases through Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services & Raymond James affiliates (“Raymond James”)

 

Effective March 1, 2019, 2018, shareholders purchasing Fuller & Thaler Fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account are eligible only for the following sales charge waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus or in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

Front-end sales load waivers on Class A shares available at Raymond James

 

Shares purchased in an investment advisory program.

 

Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).

 

Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James.

 

Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

 

A shareholder in the Fund’s Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James.

 

CDSC Waivers on Classes A, B and C shares available at Raymond James

 

Death or disability of the shareholder.

 

Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

 

Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the fund’s prospectus.

 

Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James.

 

Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

 

Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation

 

Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

 

Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser’s household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the rights of accumulation calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

66

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

You can find additional information about the Funds in the following documents:

 

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports: While the Prospectus describes each Fund’s potential investments, the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports detail each Fund’s actual investments as of the report dates. The reports include a discussion by management of recent market conditions, economic trends, and investment strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during the reporting period.

 

SAI: The SAI supplements the Prospectus and contains additional information about the Funds and their respective investment restrictions, risks, policies, and operations, including the Funds’ policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. A current SAI for the Funds is on file with the SEC and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference, which means it is considered part of this Prospectus.

 

How to Obtain Copies of Other Fund Documents

 

You can obtain free copies of the current SAI and the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports, and request other information about the Funds or make shareholder inquiries, in any of the following ways:

 

On the Internet: Download these documents from the Funds’ Internet site at: www.fullerthalerfunds.com
   
By Telephone: Call Shareholder Services at 1-888-912-4562
   
By Mail:

Send a written request to:

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund or

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity

 

c/o Ultimus Asset Services, LLC

PO Box 46707

Cincinnati, Ohio 45246-0707

 

You may review and copy information about each Fund (including the SAI and other reports) at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Call the SEC at 1-202-551-8090 for room hours and operation. You may also obtain reports and other information about each Fund on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: [email protected], or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.

 

(FULLER & THALER LOGO) 

 

Investment Company Act No. 811-22895

67

 

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund  

A Shares – [     ] 

C Shares- [     ] 

Investor Shares – FTHNX  

Institutional Shares – FTHSX  

R6 Shares – FTHFX

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund  

A Shares – [     ] 

C Shares- [     ] 

Investor Shares – FTXNX  

Institutional Shares – FTXSX  

R6 Shares – FTXFX

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund  

A Shares – [           ] 

Investor Shares – FTVNX  

Institutional Shares – FTVSX 

R6 Shares - FTVZX

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund 

A Shares – [           ] 

Investor Shares - [______] 

Institutional Shares - [______] 

R6 Shares - [______]

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund 

A Shares – [           ] 

Investor Shares - [______] 

Institutional Shares - [______] 

R6 Shares - [______]

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund  

A Shares – [           ] 

Investor Shares - [______] 

Institutional Shares - [______]

R6 Shares - [______]

 

Each a series of Capitol Series Trust

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

December__, 2018

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund (the “Small-Cap Equity Fund”), the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund (the “Small-Cap Growth Fund”) the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund (the “Mid-Cap Value Fund”), the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund (the “Unconstrained Equity Fund”), the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small–Mid Core Equity Fund (the “Small–Mid Core Equity Fund), and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund (the “Micro-Cap Equity Fund”) (collectively referred to hereinafter as the “Funds”), each a series of the Capitol Series Trust (the “Trust”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ current prospectus dated December __, 2018 (the “Prospectus”), as supplemented and amended from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. Financial statements for the Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Small-Cap Growth Fund, and the Mid-Cap Value Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 are included in the Annual Report to shareholders and are incorporated into this SAI by reference. To obtain a copy of the Annual Report or the Funds’ Prospectus, free of charge, please write the transfer agent at Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, P.O. Box 46707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, call Shareholder Services at 888-912-4562, or visit the Fund’s website at www.fullerthalerfunds.com.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND FUNDS 3
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT FUND INVESTMENTS AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS 4
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS 42
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT 44
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS 48
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES 54
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 56
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM 57
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE 57
CODE OF ETHICS 58
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 58
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE 59
REDEMPTION IN-KIND 61
TAXATION 61
CUSTODIAN 70
TRANSFER AGENT, FUND ACCOUNTING AGENT, AND ADMINISTRATOR 70
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 71
DISTRIBUTOR 71
PROXY VOTING POLICIES 72
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 73

2

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND FUNDS

 

A.General Information

 

The Trust is an open-end investment company established under the laws of Ohio by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 18, 2013 (the “Trust Agreement”). The Small-Cap Equity Fund was organized as a diversified series of the Trust on March 18, 2015. The Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund were organized as diversified series of the Trust on December 14, 2017. The Unconstrained Equity Fund was organized as a non-diversified series of the Trust on December __, 2018. The Small–Mid Core Equity Fund and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund were organized as a diversified series of the Trust on December __, 2018. The Small-Cap Equity Fund and Small-Cap Growth Fund currently offer four classes of shares, A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares. The Mid-Cap Value Fund currently offers three classes of shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares. The Unconstrained Equity Fund currently offers two classes of shares, Institutional Shares, and R6 Shares. The Small–Mid Core Equity Fund currently offers one class of shares, Institutional Shares. The Micro-Cap Equity Fund and all of its classes are not yet available for purchase and are not being offered at this time. The Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund changed its name from the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund effective January 30, 2017. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”), serves as investment adviser to the Funds.

 

The Small-Cap Equity Fund is the accounting successor to a series of Allianz Funds Multi-Strategy Trust, which commenced operations on September 8, 2011, and for which the Adviser served as the sole sub-adviser (the “Predecessor Fund”). In a transaction that was consummated on October 23, 2015 (the “Reorganization”), the Fund acquired the assets and liabilities of: the A, C, and D Classes of the Predecessor Fund (tickers- AZFAX, AZFCX, and AZFDX respectively), which became the Investor Shares of the Fund; the Class P Shares of the Predecessor Fund (ticker AZFPX), which became the Institutional Shares of the Fund; and the Institutional Shares of the Predecessor Fund (ticker AZFIX), which became the R6 Shares of the Fund.

 

Expenses attributable to any series or class are borne by that series or class. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular series or class are allocated by or under the direction of the Trustees in such manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable. No shareholder is liable to further calls or to assessment by the Trust without his or her express consent.

 

The Funds do not issue share certificates. Rather, all shares are held in non-certificated form registered on the books of the Funds and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, the Funds’ transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) for the account of the shareholder.

 

B.Shareholder Voting and Other Rights

 

The Trust Agreement permits the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”), without shareholder approval, to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest in separate series without par value and to divide series into classes of shares. The Board may from time to time, and without shareholder approval, divide or combine the shares of the Funds or classes thereof into a greater or lesser number of shares of that Fund or class so long as the proportionate beneficial interest in the assets belonging to that Fund or class and the rights of shares of any other series or class are in no way affected.

 

Each share of a Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets and liabilities belonging to that Fund and in such dividends and distributions out of income belonging to that Fund as are declared by the Board.

 

Each Fund share has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other shares of the Trust with respect to matters that affect the Trust as a whole. The Funds or classes thereof vote separately with respect to the provisions of any Rule 12b-1 plan which pertains to that Fund or class and other matters for which separate series or class voting is appropriate under applicable law. Generally, shares will be voted separately by individual series except if: (1) the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) requires shares to be voted in the aggregate and not by individual series; and (2) when the Trustees determine that the matter affects more than one series and all affected series must vote. The Trustees may also determine that a matter only affects certain series or classes of the Trust and thus only those series or classes are entitled to vote on the matter.

 

Ohio law does not require the Trust to hold annual meetings of shareholders, and it is anticipated that shareholder meetings will be held only when specifically required by Federal or state law. When matters are submitted to shareholders for a vote, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each whole share owned and fractional votes for each fractional share owns.

 

The Fund shares do not have cumulative voting rights, any preemptive or conversion rights, or any sinking fund provisions. Any Trustee may be removed by vote of the shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Trust.

3

 

The Trust Agreement can be amended by the Trustees, except that certain amendments that could adversely affect the rights of shareholders must be approved by the shareholders affected.

 

C.Redemptions

 

Voluntary Redemptions. A shareholder may redeem shares of a Fund class at the net asset value per share of that Fund class next-calculated, plus any applicable sales charge, after the Fund receives the shareholder’s redemption request in proper form.

 

Mandatory Redemption. Each share of each series and class thereof is subject to redemption by the Trust at the net asset value per share of that series or class next calculated, plus any applicable sales charge: (1) after the Trustees determine, in their sole discretion, that failure to so redeem may have materially adverse consequences to any holders of Trust shares, or any series of class thereof or the applicable Fund or Fund class, or (2) upon such other conditions as may from time to time be determined by the Trustees and set forth in the then current Prospectus of the Trust with respect to maintenance of shareholder accounts of a minimum amount.

 

D.Termination or Reorganization

 

Termination. The Trust may be terminated at any time by an instrument executed by a majority of the Trustees then in office upon prior written notice to the Trust’s shareholders. Any series or class may be terminated at any time by an instrument executed by a majority of the Trustees upon prior written notice to the shareholders of that series or class.

 

Reorganization. The Trustees may sell, convey and transfer the assets of the Trust, or the assets belonging to any one or more series, to another trust, partnership, association or corporation organized under the laws of any state of the United States, or to the Trust to be held as assets belonging to another series of the Trust, in exchange for cash, shares or other securities (including, in the case of a transfer to another series of the Trust, shares of such other series) with such transfer being made subject to, or with the assumption by the transferee of, the liabilities belonging to each series the assets of which are being transferred. If required by the 1940 Act, any such transfer shall be subject to approval of the shareholders of the affected series.

 

In case of any liquidation of a series or class, the holders of shares of the series or class being liquidated will be entitled to receive as a class a distribution out of the assets, net of the liabilities, belonging to that series or class.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT FUND INVESTMENTS AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS

 

In addition to the principal investment strategies and the principal risks of the Funds as described in the Prospectus, the Funds may employ secondary investment practices and may be subject to additional secondary risks, which are described below. The following is a description of secondary investment strategies and secondary risks for how the Funds might evolve, not necessarily how each Fund currently operates. Unless a strategy or policy described below is specifically prohibited by the investment restrictions, under “Investment Restrictions” in this SAI, or by applicable law, the Funds may engage in each of the practices described below. However, the Funds are not required to engage in any particular transaction or purchase any particular type of securities or investment even if to do so might benefit a Fund. Unless otherwise stated herein, all investment policies of the Funds may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval or notice. In addition, the Funds may be subject to restriction on their respective ability to utilize certain investments or investment techniques. Unless otherwise stated herein, these additional restrictions may be changed with the consent of the Board but without approval by or notice to shareholders.

 

A.Preferred Stock

 

Each Fund has the ability to invest up to 20% of its net assets in preferred stock, bonds, foreign stocks and/or commodities.

 

Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a company’s common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in that company.

 

Each Fund may invest in preferred stocks that pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred shares are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. The value of a company’s preferred stock may fall as a result of factors relating directly to that company’s products or services. A preferred stock’s value may also fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of preferred stock may also be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates. In addition, a company’s preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred stocks will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred stocks of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than those of larger companies.

4

 

Fixed Rate Preferred Stocks. Some fixed rate preferred stocks in which the Funds may invest, known as perpetual preferred stocks, offer a fixed return with no maturity date. Because they never mature, perpetual preferred stocks act like long-term bonds and can be more volatile than and more sensitive to changes in interest rates than other types of preferred stocks that have a maturity date. The Funds may also invest in sinking fund preferred stocks. These preferred stocks also offer a fixed return, but have a maturity date and are retired or redeemed on a predetermined schedule. The shorter duration of sinking fund preferred stocks makes them perform somewhat like intermediate-term bonds and they typically have lower yields than perpetual preferred stocks.

 

Adjustable Rate and Auction Preferred Stocks. Typically, the dividend rate on an adjustable rate preferred stock is determined prospectively each quarter by applying an adjustment formula established at the time of issuance of the stock. Although adjustment formulas vary among issues, they typically involve a fixed premium or discount relative to rates on specified debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. Typically, an adjustment formula will provide for a fixed premium or discount adjustment relative to the highest base yield of three specified U.S. Treasury securities: the 90-day Treasury bill, the 10-year Treasury note and the 20-year Treasury bond. The premium or discount adjustment to be added to or subtracted from this highest U.S. Treasury base rate yield is fixed at the time of issue and cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of the stock. The dividend rate on another type of preferred stocks in which a Fund may invest, commonly known as auction preferred stocks, is adjusted at intervals that may be more frequent than quarterly, such as every 7 or 49 days, based on bids submitted by holders and prospective purchasers of such stocks and may be subject to stated maximum and minimum dividend rates. The issues of most adjustable rate and auction preferred stocks currently outstanding are perpetual, but are redeemable after a specified date, or upon notice, at the option of the issuer. Certain issues supported by the credit of a high-rated financial institution provide for mandatory redemption prior to expiration of the credit arrangement. No redemption can occur if full cumulative dividends are not paid. Although the dividend rates on adjustable and auction preferred stocks are generally adjusted or reset frequently, the market values of these preferred stocks may still fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. Market values of adjustable preferred stocks also may substantially fluctuate if interest rates increase or decrease once the maximum or minimum dividend rate for a particular stock is approached. Auctions for U.S. auction preferred stocks have failed since early 2008, and the dividend rates payable on such preferred shares since that time typically have been paid at their maximum applicable rate (typically a function of a reference rate of interest). The Adviser expects that auction preferred stocks will continue to pay dividends at their maximum applicable rate for the foreseeable future and cannot predict whether or when the auction markets for auction preferred stocks may resume normal functioning.

 

B.Convertible Securities and Synthetic Convertible Securities

 

Convertible securities are generally bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities or investments that may be converted or exchanged (by the holder or by the issuer) into shares of common stock or other equity securities (or cash or securities of equivalent value) of the same or a different issuer at a stated exchange ratio or predetermined price (the “conversion price”). A convertible security is designed to provide current income and also the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, which enables the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock. A convertible security may be called for redemption or conversion by the issuer after a particular date and under certain circumstances (including a specified price) established upon issue. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption or conversion, the Fund could be required to tender it for redemption, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell it to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities.

 

A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a debt obligation. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible debt obligations and are designed to provide for a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks. However, there can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities are subordinate in rank to any senior debt obligations of the issuer, and, therefore, an issuer’s convertible securities entail more risk than its debt obligations. Moreover, convertible securities are often rated below investment grade or not rated because they fall below debt obligations and just above common equity in order of preference or priority on an issuer’s balance sheet.

 

Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible debt securities of similar credit quality because of the potential for capital appreciation. The common stock underlying convertible securities may be issued by a different entity than the issuer of the convertible securities.

5

 

The value of convertible securities is influenced by both the yield of non-convertible securities of comparable issuers and by the value of the underlying common stock. The value of a convertible security viewed without regard to its conversion feature (i.e., strictly on the basis of its yield) is sometimes referred to as its “investment value.” The investment value of the convertible security typically will fluctuate based on the credit quality of the issuer and will fluctuate inversely with changes in prevailing interest rates. However, at the same time, the convertible security will be influenced by its “conversion value,” which is the market value of the underlying common stock that would be obtained if the convertible security were converted. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying common stock, and will therefore be subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. Depending upon the relationship of the conversion price to the market value of the underlying security, a convertible security may trade more like an equity security than a debt instrument.

 

If, because of a low price of the common stock, the conversion value is substantially below the investment value of the convertible security, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. Generally, if the conversion value of a convertible security increases to a point that approximates or exceeds its investment value, the value of the security will be principally influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security will sell at a premium over its conversion value to the extent investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding an income-producing security.

 

To the extent consistent with its other investment policies, the Funds may also create a “synthetic” convertible security by combining separate securities that possess the two principal characteristics of a traditional convertible security, i.e., an income-producing security (“income-producing element”) and the right to acquire an equity security (“convertible element”). The income-producing element is achieved by investing in non-convertible, income-producing securities such as bonds, preferred stocks and money market instruments. The convertible element is achieved by investing in warrants or options to buy common stock at a certain exercise price, or options on a stock index. Unlike a traditional convertible security, which is a single security having a unitary market value, a synthetic convertible comprises two or more separate securities, each with its own market value. Therefore, the “market value” of a synthetic convertible security is the sum of the values of its income-producing element and its convertible element. For this reason, the values of a synthetic convertible security and a traditional convertible security may respond differently to market fluctuations.

 

More flexibility is possible in the assembly of a synthetic convertible security than in the purchase of a convertible security. Although synthetic convertible securities may be selected where the two elements are issued by a single issuer, thus making the synthetic convertible security similar to the traditional convertible security, the character of a synthetic convertible security allows the combination of components representing distinct issuers, when the Adviser believes that such a combination may better achieve the Fund’s investment objective. A synthetic convertible security also is a more flexible investment in that its two components may be purchased separately. For example, a Fund may purchase a warrant for inclusion in a synthetic convertible security but temporarily hold short-term investments while postponing the purchase of a corresponding bond pending development of more favorable market conditions.

 

A holder of a synthetic convertible security faces the risk of a decline in the price of the security or the level of the index or security involved in the convertible element, causing a decline in the value of the call option or warrant purchased to create the synthetic convertible security. Should the price of the stock fall below the exercise price and remain there throughout the exercise period, the entire amount paid for the call option or warrant would be lost. Because a synthetic convertible security includes the income-producing element as well, the holder of a synthetic convertible security also faces the risk that interest rates will rise, causing a decline in the value of the income-producing element.

 

The Funds may also purchase synthetic convertible securities created by other parties, including convertible structured notes. Convertible structured notes are income-producing debentures linked to equity, and are typically issued by investment banks. Convertible structured notes have the attributes of a convertible security; however, the investment bank that issued the convertible note, rather than the issuer of the underlying common stock into which the note is convertible, assumes the credit risk associated with the underlying investment and the Funds, in turn, assume credit risk associated with the convertible note.

 

C.Non-U.S. Securities

 

The Funds may invest in non-U.S. securities. Non-U.S. securities may include, but are not limited to, securities of companies that are organized and headquartered outside the U.S.; non-U.S. equity securities as designated by commonly-recognized market data services; U.S. dollar- or non-U.S. currency-denominated corporate debt securities of non-U.S. issuers; securities of U.S. issuers traded principally in non-U.S. markets; non-U.S. bank obligations; U.S. dollar- or non-U.S. currency-denominated obligations of non-U.S. governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities, international agencies and supranational entities; and securities of other investment companies investing primarily in non-U.S. securities. When assessing compliance with investment policies that designate a minimum or maximum level of investment in “non-U.S. securities” for each Fund, the Adviser may apply a variety of factors (either, in addition to, or in lieu of, one or more of the categories described in the preceding sentence) in order to determine whether a particular security or instrument should be treated as U.S. or non-U.S. Some non-U.S. securities may be restricted against transfer within the United States or to a United States person.

6

 

The non-U.S. securities in which the Funds may invest include Eurodollar obligations and “Yankee Dollar” obligations. Eurodollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by non-U.S. branches of U.S. banks and by non-U.S. banks. Yankee Dollar obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by non-U.S. banks. Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar obligations are generally subject to the same risks that apply to domestic debt issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee Dollar) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of non-U.S. withholding taxes; and the expropriation or nationalization of non-U.S. issuers.

 

American Depositary Receipts. The Funds may invest in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) or Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts issued generally by domestic banks and represent the deposit with the bank of a security of a non-U.S. issuer. EDRs are foreign currency-denominated receipts similar to ADRs and are issued and traded in Europe, and are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the United States. GDRs may be offered privately in the United States and also trade in public or private markets in other countries. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be issued as sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities trade in the form of ADRs, EDRs or GDRs. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program.

 

Brady Bonds. The Funds may invest in Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (the “Brady Plan”). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in a number of countries, including: Albania, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Columbia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Mexico, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Uruguay, Venezuela and Vietnam.

 

Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. Government securities. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year’s interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to “value recovery payments” in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”).

 

Most Mexican Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity fully collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and interest coupon payments collateralized on an 18-month rolling-forward basis by funds held in escrow by an agent for the bondholders. A significant portion of the Venezuelan Brady Bonds and the Argentine Brady Bonds issued to date have repayments at final maturity collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and/or interest coupon payments collateralized on a 14-month (for Venezuela) or 12-month (for Argentina) rolling-forward basis by securities held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as collateral agent.

 

Brady Bonds involve various risk factors including residual risk and the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which each Fund may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause a Fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.

 

Investing in non-U.S. securities involves special risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities. These include: differences in accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, generally higher commission rates on non-U.S. portfolio transactions, the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a country), market disruption, the possibility of security suspensions, political instability that affects U.S. investments in non-U.S. countries and potential restrictions on the flow of international capital. In addition, non-U.S. securities and income derived from those securities may be subject to non-U.S. taxes, including withholding taxes which will reduce investment returns. See “Taxation.” Non-U.S. securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of those securities that are denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The currencies of non-U.S. countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund.

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Each Fund’s investments in foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and hedging activities will likely produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. This difference could cause a portion of each Fund’s income distributions to constitute returns of capital for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal tax purposes. Each Fund’s use of non-U.S. securities may increase or accelerate the amount of ordinary income recognized by taxable shareholders. See “Taxation.”

 

Emerging Market Securities. The risks of investing in non-U.S. securities are particularly high when the issuers are tied economically to countries with developing (or “emerging market”) economies. Countries with “emerging market” economies are those with securities markets that are, in the opinion of the Funds’ Adviser, less sophisticated than more developed markets in terms of participation by investors, analyst coverage, liquidity and regulation. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities, and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in non-U.S., developed countries. These risks include: greater risks of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability (including the risk of war); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on each Fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; the fact that companies in emerging market countries may be smaller, less seasoned and newly organized companies; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; the risk that it may be more difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. In addition, a number of emerging market countries restrict, to various degrees, foreign investment in securities, and high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities.

 

Foreign Debt Obligations. The debt obligations of non-U.S. governments and their agencies and instrumentalities may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the non-U.S. government. The Funds may invest in securities issued by certain supranational entities, which include entities designated or supported by governments to promote economic reconstruction or development, international banking organizations and related government agencies. Examples are the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (commonly called the “World Bank”), the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.

 

The governmental members of these supranational entities are “stockholders” that typically make capital contributions and may be committed to make additional capital contributions if the entity is unable to repay its borrowings. A supranational entity’s lending activities may be limited to a percentage of its total capital, reserves and net income. There can be no assurance that the constituent non-U.S. governments will be able or willing to honor their capitalization commitments for those entities.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Some corporations domiciled outside the U.S. in which the Funds may invest may be considered passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) under U.S. tax laws. PFICs are those foreign corporations that generate primarily passive income.

 

Investing in PFICs involves the risks associated with investing in foreign securities, as described above. There is also the risk that a Fund may not realize that a foreign corporation in which it invests is a PFIC for federal tax purposes, which could cause the Fund to incur U.S. federal income tax (including interest) charges at the Fund level. See “Taxation” below for a more detailed discussion of the tax consequences of the Funds’ investment in PFICs.

 

Subject to applicable limits under the 1940 Act, the Funds may also invest in foreign mutual funds that are also deemed PFICs (since nearly all of the income of a mutual fund is generally passive income). Investing in these types of PFICs may allow exposure to various countries because some foreign countries limit, or prohibit, all direct foreign investment in the securities of companies domiciled therein. In addition to bearing their proportionate share of a Fund’s expenses (management fees and operating expenses), shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses of such entities. Additional risks of investing in other investment companies are described below under “Other Investment Companies.”

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D.Foreign Currencies and Related Transactions

 

Subject to applicable limits set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI, the Funds may invest in or utilize foreign currencies, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts, options on foreign currencies and foreign currency futures, currency swap transactions and other foreign currency-related transactions may be used for a variety of reasons, including to hedge against foreign exchange risk arising from each Fund’s investment or anticipated investment in securities denominated in foreign currencies, to increase exposure to a foreign currency for investment or hedging purposes, or to shift exposure of foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another.

 

Each Fund may (but is not required to) hedge some or all of its exposure to foreign currencies derived through its investments to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Suitable currency hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Funds will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time when it may be beneficial to do so. Foreign currency transactions may also be unsuccessful and may result in losses or may eliminate any chance for the Funds to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.

 

A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. By entering into a forward foreign currency exchange contract, a Fund “locks in” the exchange rate between the currency it will deliver and the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. As a result, the Fund reduces its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and increases its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will exchange into. Contracts to sell foreign currencies would limit any potential gain that might be realized by the Funds if the value of the hedged currency increases.

 

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts may be used for a variety of reasons, including the following circumstances:

 

Lock In. When the Funds desire to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.

 

Cross Hedge. If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the Funds may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency that is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of a Fund’s portfolio holdings denominated in the currency sold.

 

Direct Hedge. If the Funds want to eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Funds’ Adviser believes that a Fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given country’s currency but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, a Fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency in which a portfolio security is denominated and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated a contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but the Fund would hope to benefit from an increase (if any) in the value of the security.

 

Proxy Hedge. The Funds might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, a Fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency in which the security is denominated. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be close to those in the United States and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.

 

Costs of Hedging. When the Funds purchase a non-U.S. bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the non-U.S. bond could be substantially reduced or lost if a Fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the “cost” of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar.

 

It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from a Fund’s dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in a Fund’s net asset value per share.

 

The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a foreign currency forward contract. Accordingly, the Funds may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if the Adviser’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks, and may leave a Fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because foreign currency forward contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a Fund will have flexibility to roll-over a foreign currency forward contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

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Each Fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as to protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these monies are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

 

Tax Consequences of Hedging. Under applicable tax law, each Fund’s hedging activities could result in the application of special tax rules, which could ultimately affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. Some of a Fund’s hedging transactions are also likely to produce a difference between its book income and tax income, which could cause a portion of the Fund’s income distributions to constitute a return of capital for tax purposes or require the Fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company for U.S. federal tax purposes. See “Taxation” below for further details.

 

Among the risks facing Funds that utilize foreign currencies and related transactions is the risk that the relative value of currencies will be different than anticipated by the particular Fund’s Adviser. The Funds will segregate assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board to cover forward currency contracts entered into for non- hedging purposes. Please see “Derivative Instruments” below for a description of other foreign currency related transactions that may be used by the Funds. Certain foreign currency transactions in which the Funds may invest may be over-the-counter transactions (e.g., currency swap transactions). See “Derivative Instruments—Swap Agreements” for a discussion of certain risks associated with such transactions.

 

E.Commodities

 

The Funds may invest in instruments that provide exposure to, and are subject to the risks of, investments in commodities. These may include futures, options, swaps and other instruments, the return on which is dependent upon the return of one or more commodities or commodity indices. Commodities may include, among other things, oil, gas, coal, alternative energy, steel, timber, agricultural products, minerals, precious metals (e.g., gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) and other resources. In addition, the Funds may invest in companies principally engaged in the commodities industries (such as mining, dealing or transportation companies) with significant exposure to commodities markets or investments in commodities, and through these investments may be exposed to the risks of investing in commodities. Commodities generally and particular commodities have, at times been subject to substantial price fluctuations over short periods of time and may be affected by unpredictable monetary and political policies such as currency devaluations or revaluations, economic and social conditions within a country, trade imbalances, or trade or currency restrictions between countries. The prices of commodities may be, however, less subject to local and company-specific factors than securities of individual companies. As a result, commodity prices may be more or less volatile in price than securities of companies engaged in commodity-related businesses. Investments in commodities can also present concerns such as delivery, storage and maintenance, possible illiquidity, and the unavailability of accurate market valuations. To the extent that the Funds invest in companies principally engaged in the commodities industries, the Funds will also be subject to these risks. Commodity investments may not correlate with equity market returns. Investments in commodity-related companies are also subject to the risk that the performance of such companies may not correlate with returns on commodity investments to the extent expected by a Fund’s portfolio managers.

 

In order to qualify for the special U.S. federal income tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders described in “Taxation” below, each Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its income from certain specified sources (such income, “qualifying income”). Income from certain commodity-linked investments does not constitute qualifying income to a Fund. The tax treatment of certain other commodity-linked investments is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income and gains from such investments constitute qualifying income. If such income were determined not to constitute qualifying income and were to cause a Fund’s non-qualifying income to exceed 10% of the Fund’s gross income for any year, the Fund would fail the 90% gross income test and fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it were eligible to and did pay a tax at the Fund level. See “Taxation.” A Fund’s intention to so qualify can therefore limit the manner in or extent to which the Fund seeks exposure to commodities.

 

F.Derivative Instruments

 

The Funds may use a number of derivative instruments. Derivatives may be used for a variety of reasons, including for risk management, for leverage and to indirectly gain exposure to other types of investments. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, references rate or index, and may relate to, among other things, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, commodities, and related indexes. The derivatives market is always changing and the Funds may invest in derivatives other than those shown below. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by the Funds will succeed. In addition, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial.

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Examples of derivative instruments that the Funds may buy, sell or otherwise utilize include, among others, option contracts, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, warrants and swap agreements, including swap agreements with respect to securities indexes. The Funds may purchase and sell (write) call and put options on securities, securities indexes and foreign currencies; and may also purchase and sell futures contracts and options thereon with respect to securities, securities indexes, interest rates and foreign currencies. Information regarding certain derivatives that the Funds may utilize and their related risks follows below.

 

The value of some derivative instruments in which the Funds may invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Funds, the ability of the Funds to utilize these instruments successfully may depend in part upon their ability to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If a Fund incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, the Fund could suffer losses. If a Fund incorrectly forecasts interest rates, market values or other economic factors in utilizing a derivatives strategy, the Fund might have been in a better position if it had not entered into the transaction at all. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances. The use of derivative strategies involves certain special risks, including a possible imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of derivative instruments and price movements of related investments. While some strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they also can reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in related investments or otherwise, due to the possible inability of a Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that otherwise would be favorable or the possible need to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time because a Fund is required to maintain asset coverage or offsetting positions in connection with transactions in derivative instruments, and the possible inability of the Fund to close out or to liquidate its derivatives positions. Each Fund’s use of derivatives may increase or accelerate the amount of ordinary income recognized by shareholders.

 

General Risks Associated with Derivatives. Each Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. If a Fund invests in a derivative instrument, it could lose more than the principal amount invested, and the use of certain derivatives may subject a Fund to the potential for unlimited loss. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section, such as liquidity risk, market risk, credit and counterparty risk and management risk.

 

Derivatives also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation, the risk of ambiguous documentation, and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. In addition, each Fund’s use of derivatives may affect the amount, timing or character of distributions payable to, and thus taxes payable by, shareholders.

 

Among other trading agreements, the Funds may also be party to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. Master Agreements (“ISDA Agreements”) with select counterparties that generally govern over-the-counter derivative transactions entered into by a Fund. The ISDA Agreements typically include representations and warranties as well as contractual terms related to collateral, events of default, termination events, and other provisions. Termination events include the decline in the net assets of a Fund below a certain level over a specified period of time and entitle a counterparty to elect to terminate early with respect to some or all the transactions under the ISDA Agreement with that counterparty. Depending on the relative size of a Fund’s derivatives positions, such an election by one or more of the counterparties could have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s operations.

 

As further described below, federal legislation has been recently enacted in the U.S. that provides for new clearing, margin, reporting and registration requirements for participants in the derivatives market. While the ultimate impact is not yet clear, these changes could restrict and/or impose significant costs or other burdens upon a Fund’s ability to participate in derivatives transactions. Similarly, these changes could impose limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Funds engage in derivatives transactions. As a result, the Funds may be unable to use certain derivative instruments or otherwise execute its respective investment strategy. These risks may be particularly acute to the extent the Funds use commodity-related derivative instruments. Further, the requirements for qualification as a “regulated investment company” under federal income tax law limit the extent to which a Fund may enter into commodity-related derivatives. See “Taxation” below.

 

Options on Securities and Indexes. The Funds may, among other things, purchase and sell put and call options on equity, debt or other securities or indexes in standardized contracts traded on foreign or domestic securities exchanges, boards of trade, or similar entities, or quoted on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”) System or on a regulated foreign over- the-counter market, and agreements, sometimes called cash puts, which may accompany the purchase of a new issue from a dealer. Among other reasons, the Funds may purchase put options to protect holdings in an underlying or related security against a decline in market value, and may purchase call options to protect against increases in the prices of securities it intends to purchase pending its ability to invest in such securities in an orderly manner.

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An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. (An index is designed to reflect features of a particular financial or securities market, a specific group of financial instruments or securities, or certain economic indicators.)

 

When a Fund writes a call (put) option on an underlying security it owns (is short), the option is sometimes referred to as a “covered option.” The Funds may write such options. When a Fund writes a call (put) option on an underlying security it does not own (is not short), the option is sometimes referred to as a “naked option.” The Funds may not write “naked” call options on individual securities other than exchange traded funds (“ETFs”).

 

However, the Funds may write a call or put option only if the option is “covered” as such term is used in the context of Section 18 of the 1940 Act. In the case of a call option on a security, a call option is covered for these purposes if a Fund segregates assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board in an amount equal to the contract value of the position (minus any collateral deposited with a broker-dealer), on a mark-to-market basis. The option is also covered if a Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or other assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board in such amount are segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by a Fund. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if a Fund segregates assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board in an amount equal to the contract value of the index. A call option is also covered if a Fund holds a call on the same index or security as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written, provided the difference is segregated by a Fund in assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board. A put option on a security or an index is “covered” if a Fund segregates assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board equal to the exercise price. A put option is also covered if a Fund holds a put on the same security or index as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is (i) equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the put written, provided the difference is segregated by a Fund in assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board.

 

If an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a capital loss equal to the premium paid. Prior to the earlier of exercise or expiration, an option may be closed out by an offsetting purchase or sale of an option of the same series (type, exchange, underlying security or index, exercise price, and expiration). In addition, the Funds may sell put or call options previously purchased, which could result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount realized on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put or call option that is sold. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when a Fund desires.

 

The Funds will realize a capital gain from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing option is less than the premium received from writing the option, or, if it is more, the Funds will realize a capital loss. If the premium received from a closing sale transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, the Funds will realize a capital gain or, if it is less, the Funds will realize a capital loss. See “Taxation” below. The principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price of the underlying security or index in relation to the exercise price of the option, the volatility of the underlying security or index, and the time remaining until the expiration date.

 

The premium paid for a put or call option purchased by a Fund is an asset of that Fund. The premium received for an option written by a Fund is recorded as a deferred credit. The value of an option purchased or written is marked to market daily and is valued in accordance with the Trust’s valuation policies and procedures.

 

The Funds may write straddles (covered or uncovered) consisting of a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying security. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet a Fund’s immediate obligations. The Funds may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options where the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put. In such cases, the Funds will also segregate liquid assets equivalent to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in the money.”

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OTC Options. The Funds may also purchase and write over-the-counter (“OTC”) options. OTC options differ from traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options. The Funds may be required to treat as illiquid OTC options purchased and securities being used to cover certain written OTC options, and they will treat the amount by which such formula price exceeds the intrinsic value of the option (i.e., the amount, if any, by which the market price of the underlying security exceeds the exercise price of the option) as an illiquid investment. The Funds may also purchase and write so-called dealer options.

 

Risks Associated with Options on Securities and Indexes. There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities, including ETFs, and on indexes. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve the intended result. A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful because of market behavior or unexpected events.

 

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when a Fund seeks to close out an option position. If a Fund were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security or index, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If a Fund were unable to close out a call option that it had written on a security held in its portfolio, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a call option on an individual security held in a Fund’s portfolio, the Fund foregoes, during the option’s life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security or index position covering the call option above the sum of the premium and the exercise price (the “strike price”) of the call but has retained the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the underlying security or index position decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on a securities index or ETF, a Fund forgoes the opportunity to profit from increases in the index or ETF over the strike price of the option, though it retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the Fund’s portfolio securities decline.

 

The value of call options written by the Funds will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of underlying securities (including those comprising an index), changes in the dividend rates of underlying securities (including those comprising an index), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock market and underlying securities and the remaining time to an option’s expiration. The value of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes less liquid. The writer of an “American-style” option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option. Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying security at the exercise price. 

 

The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by the Funds are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that may not be reflected in the options markets. In addition, the Funds’ options transactions will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which the options are traded. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose other sanctions that could adversely affect a Fund engaging in options transactions.

 

If a put or call option purchased by a Fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security or index remains equal to or greater than the exercise price (in the case of a put), or remains less than or equal to the exercise price (in the case of a call), the Fund will lose its entire investment in the option. Also, where a put or call option on a particular security or index is purchased to hedge against price movements in a related security or index, the price of the put or call option may move more or less than the price of the related security or index. Furthermore, if trading restrictions or suspensions are imposed on the options markets, a Fund may be unable to close out a position. Similarly, if restrictions on exercise were imposed, a Fund might be unable to exercise an option it has purchased. Except to the extent that a call option on an index or ETF written by a Fund is covered by an option on the same index or ETF purchased by the Fund, movements in the index or ETF may result in a loss to the Fund; however, such losses may be mitigated by changes in the value of the Fund’s securities during the period the option was outstanding (based, in part, on the extent of correlation (if any) between the performance of the index or ETF and the performance of the Fund’s portfolio securities).

 

Foreign Currency Options. The Funds may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies in various circumstances, including, but not limited to, as a hedge against changes in the value of the U.S. dollar (or another currency) in relation to a foreign currency in which each Fund’s securities may be denominated or to cross-hedge or in an attempt to increase the total return when the Adviser anticipates that the currency will appreciate or depreciate in value. In addition, the Funds may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits, which may limit the ability of a Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.

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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. The Funds may use interest rate, foreign currency, index and other futures contracts, and options on such contracts. For example, the Funds may invest in foreign exchange futures contracts and options thereon (“futures options”) that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange or board of trade, or similar entity, or quoted on an automated quotation system as an adjunct to their securities activities. The Funds may also enter into futures contracts for the purchase or sale of securities. The Funds may purchase and sell futures contracts on various securities indexes (“Index Futures”) and related options for hedging purposes and for investment purposes. For example, the Funds may invest in Index Futures and related options when the Adviser believes that there are not enough attractive securities available to maintain the standards of diversification and liquidity set for a Fund pending investment in such securities if or when they do become available. Through the use of Index Futures and related options, the Funds may diversify risk in their respective portfolios without incurring the substantial brokerage costs that may be associated with investment in the securities of multiple issuers. Each Fund may also minimize potential market and liquidity problems that may result from increases in positions already held by the Fund. Each Fund’s purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts listed on exchanges that have been approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).

 

Generally, a futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of a financial instrument, foreign currency or the cash value of an index at a specified price and time.

 

An Index Future is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index (“Index”) at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of an Index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made. A unit is the value of the relevant Index from time to time. Entering into a contract to buy units is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position in an Index. Index Futures contracts can be traded through all major commodity brokers. The Funds will ordinarily be able to close open positions on the futures exchange on which Index Futures are then traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. As described below, the Funds will be required to segregate initial margin in the name of the futures broker upon entering into an Index Future. Variation margin will be paid to and received from the broker on a daily basis as the contracts are marked to market. For example, when a Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has risen, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, when a Fund has purchased an Index Future and the price of the relevant Index has declined, the position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker.

 

The Funds may close open positions on the futures exchanges on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. All positions that remain open at the close of the last business day of the contract’s life are required to settle on the next business day (based upon the value of the relevant index on the expiration day), with settlement made with the appropriate clearing house. Additional or different margin requirements as well as settlement procedures may be applicable to foreign stock Index Futures at the time a Fund purchases such instruments. Positions in Index Futures may be closed out by a Fund only on the futures exchanges upon which the Index Futures are then traded.

 

The following example illustrates generally the manner in which Index Futures operate. The Standard & Poor’s 100 Stock Index is composed of 100 selected common stocks, most of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The S&P 100 Index assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the Index, and the Index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common stocks. In the case of the S&P 100 Index, contracts are to buy or sell 100 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 100 Index were $180, one contract would be worth $18,000 (100 units x $180). The Index Future specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the Index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash must occur upon the termination of the contract, with the settlement being the difference between the contract price and the actual level of the Index at the expiration of the contract. For example, if a Fund enters into a futures contract to buy 100 units of the S&P 100 Index at a specified future date at a contract price of $180 and the S&P 100 Index is at $184 on that future date, the Fund will gain $400 (100 units x gain of $4). If the Fund enters into a futures contract to sell 100 units of the Index at a specified future date at a contract price of $180 and the S&P 100 Index is at $182 on that future date, the Fund will lose $200 (100 units x loss of $2).

 

A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of Indexes as well as financial instruments and foreign currencies, including but not limited to: the S&P 500; the S&P Midcap 400; the Nikkei 225; the NYSE composite; U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; GNMA Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British pound; the Japanese yen; the Swiss franc; the Mexican peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the euro. It is expected that other futures contracts in which the Funds may invest will be developed and traded in the future.

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The Funds may purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts (“futures options”). Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite long position. 

 

When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by a Fund, the Fund is required to segregate a specified amount of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board (“initial margin”). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. Margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than U.S. exchanges. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract, which is returned to a Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. A Fund would ordinarily earn interest income on initial margin deposits. Each day a Fund pays or receives cash, called “variation margin,” equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by a Fund, but is instead, a settlement between a Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, each Fund will mark to market its open futures positions.

 

Each Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by each Fund.

 

Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying security or index, and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, a Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, a Fund realizes a capital loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations.

 

Commodity Futures Contracts and Options on Commodity Futures Contracts. In addition to other futures contracts and options thereon, the Funds may invest in commodity futures contracts and options thereon. A commodity futures contract is an agreement between two parties, in which one party agrees to buy a commodity, such as an energy, agricultural or metal commodity from the other party at a later date at a price and quantity agreed upon when the contract is made.

 

Limitations on Use of Futures and Futures Options. The Funds may enter into positions in futures contracts and related options for hedging purposes, for example, to hedge against changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or securities prices. In addition, the Funds may utilize futures contracts for investment and/or speculative purposes. For instance, a Fund may invest to a significant degree in Index Futures on stock indexes and related options (including those that may trade outside of the United States) as an alternative to purchasing individual stocks in order to gain or adjust their exposure to a particular market. The Funds may also use these investments to hedge against changes in the value of securities that the Adviser intends to purchase for the portfolio.

 

When purchasing a futures contract, each Fund will segregate (and mark to market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board that, when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, are equal to the total market value of (or in certain cases, such as contracts required to “cash settle,” the Fund’s obligation under) the futures contract. Alternatively, the Fund may “cover” its position by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price as high, or higher, than the price of the contract held by the Fund.

 

When selling a futures contract, each Fund will segregate (and mark to market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board that are equal to the market value of the instruments underlying the contract (or in certain cases, such as contracts required to “cash settle,” a Fund’s obligation under the contract). Alternatively, a Fund may “cover” its position by owning the instruments underlying the contract (or, in the case of an Index Future, a portfolio with a volatility substantially similar to that of the Index on which the futures contract is based), or by holding a call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price no higher than the price of the contract written by the Fund (or at a higher price if the difference is maintained in liquid assets with the Trust’s custodian). 

 

When selling a call option on a futures contract, each Fund will segregate (and mark to market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board that, when added to the amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant as margin, equal the total market value of the futures contract underlying the call option. Alternatively, a Fund may cover its position by entering into a long position in the same futures contract at a price no higher than the strike price of the call option, by owning the instruments underlying the futures contract, or by holding a separate call option permitting the Fund to purchase the same futures contract at a price not higher than the strike price of the call option sold by the Fund, or by taking other offsetting positions.

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When selling a put option on a futures contract, each Fund will segregate (and mark to market on a daily basis) assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board that equal the purchase price of the futures contract, less any margin on deposit. Alternatively, a Fund may cover the position either by entering into a short position in the same futures contract, or by owning a separate put option permitting it to sell the same futures contract so long as the strike price of the purchased put option is the same or higher than the strike price of the put option sold by the Fund, or by taking other offsetting positions.

 

To the extent that securities with maturities greater than one year are used to segregate liquid assets to cover a Fund’s obligations under futures contracts and related options, such use will not eliminate the leverage risk arising from such use, which may tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio, and may require liquidation of portfolio positions when it is not advantageous to do so.

 

Each Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company and the requirements for so qualifying also may limit the extent to which each Fund may enter into certain futures, options or forward contracts. Each Fund’s investment in such contracts may affect the amount, timing or character of each Fund’s distributions. See “Taxation” below.

 

Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors. The CFTC has adopted regulations that subject registered investment companies and their investment advisers to regulation by the CFTC if the registered investment company invests more than a prescribed level of its liquidation value in commodity futures, options on commodities or commodity futures, swaps, or other financial instruments (“commodity interests”) regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “Act”), or if a Fund markets itself as providing investment exposure to such instruments. The Funds have claimed an exclusion from commodity pool operator registration pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5 with respect to the Funds. To remain eligible for this exclusion, the Funds must comply with certain limitations, including limits on each Fund’s ability to use any commodity interests and limits on the manner in which each Fund holds out its use of such commodity interests. These limitations may restrict each Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy, increase the costs of implementing its strategy, increase expenses of the Funds, and/or adversely affect each Fund’s total return.

 

Risks Associated with Futures and Futures Options. There are several risks associated with the use of futures contracts and futures options. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. In the case of futures contracts used for hedging purposes, some of the risk may be caused by an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of a security or other investment being hedged. The hedge will not be fully effective where there is such imperfect correlation. Also, an incorrect correlation could result in a loss on both the hedged securities in a Fund and the hedging vehicle. For example, if the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the hedged security, a Fund would experience either a loss or gain on the future that is not completely offset by movements in the price of the hedged securities. In addition, there are significant differences between the securities and futures markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between the markets, causing a given hedge not to achieve its objectives. The degree of imperfection of correlation depends on circumstances such as variations in speculative market demand for futures and futures options, including technical influences in futures trading and futures options, and differences between the financial instruments being hedged and the instruments underlying the standard contracts available for trading in such respects as interest rate levels, maturities, and creditworthiness of issuers. To compensate for imperfect correlations, a Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the hedged securities if the volatility of the hedged securities is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, a Fund may purchase or sell fewer contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged securities is historically less than that of the futures contracts. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract approaches. A decision as to whether, when and how to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected interest rate trends. Also, a Fund may not choose to use futures and/or suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances. Even if a hedge is executed successfully, a Fund’s return may have been higher if no hedging had been attempted.

 

Additionally, the price of Index Futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the relevant index due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the index and futures markets. Second, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a result, the futures market may attract more speculators than does the securities market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. In addition, trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to hours of trading on the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. This may result in a disparity between the price of Index Futures and the value of the relevant index due to the lack of continuous arbitrage between the Index Futures price and the value of the underlying index.

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Futures exchanges may limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of the current trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.

 

There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when a Fund seeks to close out a futures position or a futures option position, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.

 

It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from each Fund’s dividend distributions and are not reflected in yield.

 

Additional Risks Associated with Commodity Futures Contracts. There are several additional risks associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.

 

Storage. Unlike the financial futures markets, in the commodity futures markets there are costs of physical storage associated with purchasing the underlying commodity. The price of the commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity, including the time value of money invested in the physical commodity. To the extent that the storage costs for an underlying commodity change while the Fund is invested in futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately. 

 

Reinvestment. In the commodity futures markets, producers of the underlying commodity may decide to hedge the price risk of selling the commodity by selling futures contracts today to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery tomorrow. In order to induce speculators to purchase the other side of the same futures contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the futures contract at a lower price than the expected future spot price. Conversely, if most hedgers in the futures market are purchasing futures contracts to hedge against a rise in prices, then speculators will only sell the other side of the futures contract at a higher futures price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected future spot price, which can have significant implications for a Fund. If the nature of hedgers and speculators in futures markets has shifted when it is time for a Fund to reinvest the proceeds of a maturing contract in a new futures contract, the Fund might reinvest at higher or lower futures prices, or choose to pursue other investments.

 

Other Economic Factors. The commodities that underlie commodity futures contracts may be subject to additional economic and non-economic variables, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs, and international economic, political and regulatory developments. These factors may have a larger impact on commodity prices and commodity-linked instruments, including futures contracts, than on traditional securities. Certain commodities are also subject to limited pricing flexibility because of supply and demand factors. Others are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of the volatility of the prices for certain raw materials and the instability of supplies of other materials. These additional variables may create additional investment risks that subject the Funds’ investments to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.

 

Additional Risks of Options on Securities or Indexes, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts and Forward Currency Exchange Contracts and Options Thereon. Options on securities or indexes, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on non-U.S. exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States; may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees; and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, non-U.S. securities. Some non-U.S. exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex non-U.S. political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Trust’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in non-U.S. markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States and (v) lesser trading volume. In addition, unless a Fund hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on non-U.S. exchanges, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes. The value of some derivative instruments in which the Funds may invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like the other investments of the Funds, the ability of each Fund to utilize these instruments successfully may depend in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. If the Adviser incorrectly forecasts such factors and has taken positions in derivative instruments contrary to prevailing market trends, a Fund could suffer losses. In addition, a Fund’s use of such instruments may increase or accelerate the amount of ordinary income recognized by its shareholders.

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Swap Agreements. The Funds may enter into total return swap agreements, credit default swap agreements and other swap agreements made with respect to interest rates, currencies, indexes or baskets of securities (or a single security), commodities and other assets or measures of risk or return. These transactions are entered into in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to the Funds than if the Funds had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return.

 

Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Swap agreements are individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of types of investments or market factors. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties generally are calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” such as the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index.

 

Forms of swap agreements include: interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap;” interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified rate, or “floor;” and interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor or vice versa in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.

 

The Funds may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of default by a corporate or sovereign issuer of fixed income securities (including asset-backed securities). In a credit default swap, one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, a Fund may pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as a U.S. or non-U.S. issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at their par (or other agreed-upon) value. A Fund, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk - the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default (or similar event). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, a Fund’s investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation.

 

The Funds also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap, in which case a Fund will receive one or more premium payments from its counterparty in return for the Fund’s taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, a Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or similar event) occurs, a Fund would keep the premium payments received from the counterparty and generally would have no payment obligations, with the exception of an initial payment made on the credit default swap or any margin requirements with the credit default swap counterparty. For credit default swap agreements, trigger events for payment under the agreement vary by the type of underlying investment (e.g., corporate and sovereign debt and asset-backed securities) and by jurisdiction (e.g., United States, Europe and Asia).

 

In connection with credit default swaps in which a Fund is the seller, the Fund will typically segregate or “earmark” cash or liquid assets, or enter into certain offsetting positions, with a value at least equal to the full notional amount of the swap (minus any amounts owed to the Fund).

 

If the Funds enter into a credit default swap agreement, the Funds will write insurance protection on the full notional amount of the agreement.

 

The Funds also may enter into options on swap agreements (“swaptions”). A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. The Funds may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, a Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When a Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when a Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option, the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.

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Most swap agreements entered into by the Funds would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, each Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement generally will be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). Each Fund’s current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered through the segregation of assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board. Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of each Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities.

 

Whether each Fund’s use of swap agreements or swaptions will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend on the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions. Like most other investments, swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a Fund’s interest. The Funds bear the risk that the Adviser will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing swap positions for the Funds.

 

Because swaps are two-party contracts that may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and because, they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. If a swap is not liquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.

 

Moreover, the Funds bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, then a Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, a Fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that a counterparty will be able to meet its obligations pursuant to such contracts or that, in the event of default, the Fund will succeed in enforcing contractual remedies. Counterparty risk still exists even if a counterparty’s obligations are secured by collateral because a Fund’s interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. Counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterparty’s obligations exceed the amount of collateral held by a Fund (if any), a Fund is unable to exercise its interest in collateral upon default by the counterparty, or the termination value of the instrument varies significantly from the marked-to-market value of the instrument.

 

New rules and regulations affecting the derivatives market affect counterparty risk with respect to derivatives. Some derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the member of the clearing house (“clearing member”) through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivative transaction. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. A clearing member is obligated by contract and by applicable regulation to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are generally held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of a Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund’s clearing member, because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker’s customers for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing organization the amount of margin required by the clearing organization for cleared derivatives, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing organization for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the amount of initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing organization that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, a Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing organization will use the Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing organization to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing organization. In addition, clearing members generally provide to the clearing organization the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer. Therefore, the Funds are subject to the risk that a clearing organization will not make variation margin payments owed to the Funds if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that the Funds will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move a Fund’s cleared derivatives transactions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with a Fund, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member.

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Centrally cleared derivative arrangements may be less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements because: (1) the Funds may be required to provide greater amounts of margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions; and (2) following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time or increases in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate transactions at any time.

 

If the Adviser attempts to use a swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the Funds will be exposed to the risk that the swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the Funds. While hedging strategies involving swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other Fund investments.

 

Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Many over-the-counter derivatives are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Funds realize when they close or sell an over-the-counter derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Funds enter into over-the-counter derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in calculation of each Fund’s net asset value.

 

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) established a framework for the regulation of OTC swap markets; the framework outlined the joint responsibility of the CFTC and the SEC in regulating swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of swaps, the SEC is responsible for the regulation of security-based swaps and jointly they are both responsible for the regulation of mixed swaps.

 

Risk of Potential Governmental Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Funds from using such instruments as a part of their investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Funds from being able to achieve their respective investment objectives. It is impossible to predict fully the effects of legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse.

 

The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The SEC, the CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

 

The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S. is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in a Fund or the ability of a Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act, which was signed into law in July 2010, sets forth a new legislative framework for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act makes broad changes to the OTC derivatives market, grants significant new authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants, and will require clearing of many OTC derivatives transactions.

 

Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), a Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since a Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only clearing members can participate directly in the clearing house, a Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, a Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

 

In many ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, a Fund may be required to provide more margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives transaction, following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives transaction at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate those transactions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose a Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member, because margin for cleared derivatives transactions in excess of a clearing house’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, a Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on a Fund’s behalf. In those cases, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between a Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to a Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by a Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Fund’s clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared swaps due to their more limited liquidity and market history.

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Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Funds. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if a Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, a Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.

 

These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict each Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to each Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to a Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so their potential impact on the Funds and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Funds to new kinds of risks and costs.

 

G.When-Issued, Delayed Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions

 

The Funds may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. Since inception, the Funds have not made any such purchases or sales and each Fund has no immediate plans to do so. These transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell securities for a predetermined price or yield, with payment and delivery taking place more than seven days in the future, or after a period longer than the customary settlement period for that type of security. When delayed delivery purchases are outstanding, a Fund will segregate, until the settlement date, assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Typically, no income accrues on securities purchased on a delayed delivery basis prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although a Fund may earn income on segregated securities.

 

When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, a Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations into account when determining its net asset value. Because a Fund is not required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with the Fund’s other investments. If a Fund remains substantially fully invested at a time when delayed delivery purchases are outstanding, the delayed delivery purchases may result in a form of leverage.

 

When a Fund has sold a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund does not participate in future gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, a Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or could suffer a loss. Additionally, when selling a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis without owning the security, a Fund will incur a loss if the security’s price appreciates in value such that the security’s price is above the agreed upon price on the settlement date. The Funds may dispose of or renegotiate a transaction after it is entered into, and may sell when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment securities before the settlement date, which may result in a capital gain or loss.

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The Funds may make contracts to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time (“forward commitments”) if the Fund either (i) segregates until the settlement date assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price or (ii) enters into an offsetting contract for the forward sale of securities of equal value that it owns. The Funds may also enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of non-U.S. currencies. Forward commitments may be considered securities themselves. They involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date, which risk is in addition to the risk of decline in value of a Fund’s other assets. The Funds may dispose of a commitment prior to settlement and may realize short-term profits or losses upon such disposition.

 

To Be Announced Securities (“TBAs”). As with other delayed delivery transactions, a seller agrees to issue a TBA security at a future date. However, the seller does not specify the particular securities to be delivered. Instead, a Fund agrees to accept any security that meets specified terms. For example, in a TBA mortgage-backed security transaction, a Fund and the seller would agree upon the issuer, interest rate and terms of the underlying mortgages. The seller would not identify the specific underlying mortgages until it issues the security. TBA mortgage-backed securities increase market risks because the underlying mortgages may be less favorable than anticipated by a Fund.

 

H.Rights and Warrants to Purchase Securities

 

Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are often traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitle the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.

 

Warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. If the market price of the underlying stock does not exceed the exercise price during the life of the warrant or right, the warrant or right will expire worthless. Rights and warrants may increase the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities. Similarly, the percentage increase or decrease in the value of an equity security warrant may be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the value of the underlying common stock.

 

Warrants may relate to the purchase of equity or debt securities. Debt obligations with warrants attached to purchase equity securities have many characteristics of convertible securities and their prices may, to some degree, reflect the performance of the underlying stock. Debt obligations also may be issued with warrants attached to purchase additional debt securities at the same coupon rate. A decline in interest rates would permit a Fund to sell such warrants at a profit. If interest rates rise, these warrants would generally expire with no value.

  

I.Repurchase Agreements

 

For the purposes of maintaining liquidity and achieving income, the Funds may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic commercial banks or registered broker/dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which a Fund would acquire a security for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to the obligation of the seller to repurchase and the Fund to resell such security at a fixed time and price (representing the Fund’s cost plus interest). In the case of repurchase agreements with broker-dealers, the value of the underlying securities (or collateral) will be at least equal at all times to the total amount of the repurchase obligation, including the interest factor. The Funds bear a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Funds are delayed or prevented from exercising their rights to dispose of the collateral securities. This risk includes the risk of procedural costs or delays in addition to a loss on the securities if their value should fall below their repurchase price. The Adviser will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties.

 

J.Other Investment Companies

 

The Funds may also invest in securities of other open-end, closed-end or unit investment trust investment companies, business development companies (“BDCs”) and ETFs to the extent that such investments are consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act and related rules and any exemptive relief from or interpretations of the SEC.

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In general, under the 1940 Act, an investment company such as each Fund may not: (i) own more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of any one registered investment company, (ii) invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any single registered investment company or (iii) invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other registered investment companies.

 

Each Fund may invest in other investment companies during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, during periods when there is a shortage of attractive securities available in the market, or when the Adviser believes share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. Each Fund may also invest in other investment companies because the laws of some foreign countries may make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to invest directly in issuers organized or headquartered in those countries, or may limit such investments. The most efficient, and sometimes the only practical, means of investing in such companies may be through investment in other investment companies that in turn are authorized to invest in the securities of such issuers.

 

Investment companies, and in particular ETFs, may be structured to perform in a similar fashion to a broad-based securities index or may focus on a particular strategy or class of assets. ETFs typically seek to track the performance or dividend yield of specific indexes or companies in related industries. These indexes may be broad-based, sector-based or international. Investing in investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but also involves expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. These expenses are in addition to the Fund’s own fees and expenses, which may lead to duplication of expenses while the Fund owns another investment company’s shares. In addition, investing in investment companies involves the risk that they will not perform in exactly the same fashion, or in response to the same factors, as the underlying instruments or index. For information regarding the tax treatment of ETFs, please see “Taxation” below.

 

Open-end investment companies typically offer their shares continuously at net asset value plus any applicable sales charge and stand ready to redeem shares upon shareholder request. The shares of certain other types of investment companies, such as ETFs and closed-end investment companies, typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. In the case of closed-end investment companies, the number of shares is typically fixed. The securities of closed-end investment companies and ETFs carry the risk that the price a Fund pays or receives may be higher or lower than the investment company’s net asset value. ETFs and closed-end investment companies are also subject to certain additional risks, including the risks of illiquidity and of possible trading halts due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the relevant exchange. The shares of investment companies, particularly closed-end investment companies, may also be leveraged, which would increase the volatility of a Fund’s net asset value.

 

BDCs are publicly-traded closed-end funds that seek capital appreciation and income by investing in smaller companies during their initial stages of development. With respect to investments in BDCs, the Funds plan to invest only in publicly traded BDCs.

 

Risks Associated with BDCs. A BDC may invest in the equity and debt securities of smaller and developing companies as well as companies that are experiencing financial crises (“Portfolio Companies”). Investments in smaller and developing Portfolio Companies involve a greater risk of loss due to their youth and limited track records and are more susceptible to competition and economic and market changes due to limited products and market shares. Because Portfolio Companies may have limited capital resources, there is also a greater risk of default on debt securities issued and non-payment of dividends on any preferred and common stock issued. Portfolio Companies may also not be able to secure required financing thus potentially limiting the growth and success of these companies. Investments in Portfolio Companies typically have limited liquidity and a BDC may not be able to liquidate investments in Portfolio Companies at their perceived value and may not be able to reduce its exposure to such investments during adverse market or economic conditions. A BDC also may not be able to make investments in Portfolio Companies pursuant to reasonable terms due to the competitive market environment in which such companies operate. A BDC may use leverage (e.g. borrowing and the issuance of debt and preferred securities) to finance its own operations and may suffer significant losses if market fluctuations cause the BDC’s net asset value to decline or if related interest payments exceed investment income. A BDC may also not be able to make desired investments in Portfolio Companies if credit is not available due to, among other things, disruptions in the credit markets, thus limiting the growth and success of the BDC.

 

As a shareholder in an investment company, a Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment company’s expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Fund’s management fees and other expenses with respect to assets so invested. Each Fund’s shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same risks of leverage described in the Prospectus and herein.

 

K.Corporate Debt Securities

 

The Funds may invest in a variety of bonds and related debt obligations of varying maturities issued by U.S. and non-U.S. companies, banks and other corporate entities. Corporate debt securities include bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities, and are generally used by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors for such purposes as working capital or capital expenditures. The issuer pays the investor a variable or fixed rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Certain bonds are “perpetual” in that they have no maturity date.

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The investment return of corporate debt securities reflects interest earnings and changes in the market value of the security. The market value of a corporate debt obligation may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates generally. In addition to interest rate risk, corporate debt securities also involve the risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. 

 

L.U.S. Government Securities

 

U.S. Government securities are obligations of and, in certain cases, guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. The U.S. Government does not guarantee the net asset value of a Fund’s shares. U.S. Government securities are subject to market and interest rate risk, and may be subject to varying degrees of credit risk. Investments in U.S. Government Securities remain subject to the risks associated with downgrade or default. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “U.S. Treasury”); others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others, such as securities issued by members of the Farm Credit System, are supported only by the credit of the agency, instrumentality or corporation. U.S. Government securities may include zero coupon securities, which do not distribute interest on a current basis and tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities.

 

Securities issued by U.S. Government agencies or government-sponsored enterprises may not be guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. GNMA, a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation, is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). Pass- through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but its participation certificates are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

Prior to September 2008, FNMA and FHLMC were government-sponsored enterprises owned entirely by private stockholders. However, the value of these entities’ stock fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the entities did not have sufficient capital to offset losses and in mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that FNMA and FHLMC could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend FNMA and FHLMC emergency funds and to purchase the entities’ stock. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that FNMA and FHLMC had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), a newly created independent regulator. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC.

 

In connection with the conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury entered into a Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with each of FNMA and FHLMC pursuant to which the U.S. Treasury would purchase up to an aggregate of $100 billion of each of FNMA and FHLMC to maintain a positive net worth in each enterprise. This agreement contains various covenants that severely limit each enterprise’s operations. In exchange for entering into these agreements, the U.S. Treasury received $1 billion of each enterprise’s senior preferred stock and warrants to purchase 79.9% of each enterprise’s common stock. In 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was doubling the size of its commitment to each enterprise under the Senior Preferred Stock Program to $200 billion. The U.S. Treasury’s obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock Program are for an indefinite period of time for a maximum amount of $200 billion per enterprise. In 2009, the U.S. Treasury further amended the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement to allow the cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in FNMA’s and FHLMC’s net worth through the end of 2012. In August 2012, the Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement was further amended to, among other things, accelerate the wind down of the retained portfolio, terminate the requirement that FNMA and FHLMC each pay a 10% dividend annually on all amounts received under the funding commitment, and require the submission of an annual risk management plan to the U.S. Treasury.

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FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement is intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed.

 

Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver. FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.

 

In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders. Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.

 

In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.

 

U.S. Government securities include securities that have no coupons, or have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, individual interest coupons from such securities that trade separately, and evidences of receipt of such securities. Such securities may pay no cash income, and are purchased at a deep discount from their value at maturity. Because interest on zero coupon securities is not distributed on a current basis but is, in effect, compounded, zero coupon securities tend to be subject to greater risk than interest-paying securities of similar maturities. Custodial receipts issued in connection with so-called trademark zero coupon securities, such as CATs and TIGRs, are not issued by the U.S. Treasury, and are therefore not U.S. Government securities, although the underlying bond represented by such receipt is a debt obligation of the U.S. Treasury. Other zero coupon Treasury securities (e.g., STRIPs and CUBEs) are direct obligations of the U.S. Government.

 

M.Inflation-Indexed Bonds

 

The Funds may invest in inflation-indexed bonds, which are debt obligations whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Many other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.

 

Inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury have maturities of approximately five, ten or thirty years, although it is possible that securities with other maturities will be issued in the future. The U.S. Treasury securities pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. For example, if a Fund purchased an inflation-indexed bond with a par value of $1,000 and a 3% real rate of return coupon (payable 1.5% semi-annually), and the rate of inflation over the first six months was 1%, the mid-year par value of the bond would be $1,010 and the first semi-annual interest payment would be $15.15 ($1,010 times 1.5%). If inflation during the second half of the year resulted in the whole year’s inflation equaling 3%, the end-of-year par value of the bond would be $1,030 and the second semi-annual interest payment would be $15.45 ($1,030 times 1.5%).

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If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Funds may also invest in other inflation-related bonds that may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.

 

The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds.

 

While these securities are expected to provide protection from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

 

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a non-U.S. government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any non-U.S. inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a non-U.S. country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

 

Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity. 

 

N.Delayed Funding Loans and Revolving Credit Facilities

 

The Funds may enter into, or acquire participations in, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities are borrowing arrangements in which the lender agrees to make loans up to a maximum amount upon demand by the borrower during a specified term. A revolving credit facility differs from a delayed funding loan in that as the borrower repays the loan, an amount equal to the repayment may be borrowed again during the term of the revolving credit facility. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a Fund to increase its investment in a company at a time when it might not otherwise decide to do so (including a time when the company’s financial condition makes it unlikely that such amounts will be repaid).

 

The Funds may acquire a participation interest in delayed funding loans or revolving credit facilities from a bank or other financial institution. See “Loan Participations and Assignments” below. The terms of the participation require a Fund to make a pro rata share of all loans extended to the borrower and entitle a Fund to a pro rata share of all payments made by the borrower. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities may be subject to restrictions on transfer, and also limited opportunities may exist to resell such investments. These instruments may often be illiquid. Delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities usually provide for floating or variable rates of interest. To the extent that the Funds are committed to advance additional funds, they will at all times segregate assets that the Adviser, in accordance with procedures approved by the Board, have determined are liquid in an amount sufficient to meet such commitments. 

 

O.Event-Linked Bonds

 

The Funds may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in “event-linked bonds” or “event-linked swaps,” or may implement “event-linked strategies.” Event-linked exposure results in gains that typically are contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific “trigger” event, such as a hurricane or an earthquake or other physical or weather-related phenomena. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” They may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities (such special purpose entities are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective, such as the issuance of a note in connection with a reinsurance transaction). If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, a Fund investing in the bond may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, a Fund would expect to recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often the event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory, or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds may also expose a Fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer (credit) default, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations and adverse tax consequences.

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Event-linked bonds are a relatively new type of financial instrument. As such, there is no significant trading history for many of these securities, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market in these bonds will develop. Lack of a liquid market may impose the risk of higher transaction costs and the possibility that a Fund may be forced to liquidate positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. 

 

P.Loan Participations and Assignments

 

The Funds may invest in fixed- and floating-rate loans arranged through private negotiations between an issuer of debt instruments and one or more financial institutions (“lenders”). Generally, a Fund’s investments in loans are expected to take the form of loan participations and assignments of portions of loans from third parties.

 

Large loans to corporations or governments may be shared or syndicated among several lenders, usually banks. The Funds may participate in such syndicates, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a direct lender. Participations and assignments involve special types of risk, including liquidity risk and the risks of being a lender. If a Fund purchases a participation, it may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of the lender in addition to the borrower. With respect to assignments, a Fund’s rights against the borrower may be more limited than those held by the original lender.  

 

Q.Participation on Creditors Committees

 

The Funds may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by a Fund. Such participation may subject the Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Funds an “insider” of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict each Fund’s ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by the Funds on such committees also may expose the Funds to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. The Funds would participate in such committees only when the Adviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce each Fund’s rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by a Fund.

 

R.Bank Obligations

 

The Funds may invest in bank capital securities. Bank capital securities are issued by banks to help fulfill their regulatory capital requirements. There are three common types of bank capital: Lower Tier II, Upper Tier II and Tier I. Bank capital is generally, but not always, of investment grade quality. Upper Tier II securities are commonly thought of as hybrids of debt and preferred stock. Upper Tier II securities are often perpetual (with no maturity date), callable and have a cumulative interest deferral feature. This means that under certain conditions, the issuer bank can withhold payment of interest until a later date. However, such deferred interest payments generally earn interest. Tier I securities often take the form of trust preferred securities.

 

Bank obligations in which the Funds may invest include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and that earn a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are generally no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is generally no market for such deposits. Fixed time deposits which (1) are not subject to prepayment or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits) may be considered illiquid for purposes of each Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. The Funds may also hold funds in an interest-bearing account for temporary purposes.

 

Obligations of non-U.S. banks involve certain risks associated with investing in non-U.S. securities described under “Non-U.S. Securities” above, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of United States banks, that a non-U.S. jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that non-U.S. deposits may be seized or nationalized, that non-U.S. governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted and in turn might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning non-U.S. banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to non-U.S. banks may differ from those applicable to United States banks. Non-U.S. banks are not generally subject to examination by any U.S. Government agency or instrumentality.

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S.Senior and Other Bank Loans

 

The Funds may invest in fixed- and floating-rate loans issued by banks and other financial institutions (including, among others, Senior Loans, delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities). Loan interests may take the form of direct interests acquired during a primary distribution and may also take the form of assignments of, novations of or participations in a bank loan acquired in secondary markets.

 

As noted, the Funds may purchase “assignments” of bank loans from lenders. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement with the same rights and obligations as the assigning lender. Assignments may, however, be arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, and the rights and obligations acquired by the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender.

 

The Funds may also invest in “participations” in bank loans. Participations by a Fund in a lender’s portion of a bank loan typically will result in the Fund having a contractual relationship only with such lender, not with the borrower. As a result, the Fund may have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by such lender of such payments from the borrower.

 

Participations and assignments involve special types of risk, including credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and the risks of being a lender. If a Fund purchases a participation, it may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of the lender in addition to the borrower.

 

A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial intermediary acting as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a Fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the Fund may have to rely on the agent or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower. A financial institution’s employment as agent might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent, and assets held by the agent under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent for the benefit of a Fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent’s general creditors, the Fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.

 

Purchasers of Senior Loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate or other borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the net asset value, market price and/or yield of the common shares could be adversely affected. Senior Loans that are fully secured may offer a Fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral from a secured Senior Loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation, or that such collateral could be liquidated. Also, the Funds may invest in Senior Loans that are unsecured.

 

Senior Loans and interests in other bank loans may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Adviser believes to be a fair price.

 

Senior Loans usually require, in addition to scheduled payments of interest and principal, the prepayment of the Senior Loan from free cash flow. The degree to which borrowers prepay Senior Loans, whether as a contractual requirement or at their election, may be affected by general business conditions, the financial condition of the borrower and competitive conditions among lenders, among others. As such, prepayments cannot be predicted with accuracy. Upon a prepayment, either in part or in full, the actual outstanding debt on which the Funds derive interest income will be reduced. However, the Funds may receive both a prepayment penalty fee from the prepaying borrower and a facility fee upon the purchase of a new Senior Loan with the proceeds from the prepayment of the former. The effect of prepayments on a Fund’s performance may be mitigated by the receipt of prepayment fees and the Fund’s ability to reinvest prepayments in other Senior Loans that have similar or identical yields.

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T.Commercial Paper

 

Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. The commercial paper purchased by the Funds may consist of U.S. dollar- or foreign currency-denominated obligations of domestic or non-U.S. issuers, and may be rated or unrated. The rate of return on commercial paper may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. See also “Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities — Asset-Backed Securities” for a discussion of asset-backed commercial paper.

 

U.Money Market Instruments

 

Money market instruments may include, among other things: (1) short-term U.S. Government securities; (2) certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and other bank obligations; (3) commercial paper; (4) corporate obligations with a remaining maturity of 397 days or less; and (5) repurchase agreements with banks or registered broker dealers. Money market instruments may also include variable amount master demand notes, which are corporate obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts by a Fund at varying rates of interest under direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the borrower, and which permit daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right to increase the amount invested under such notes at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement or to decrease the amount, while the borrower may prepay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. Variable amount master demand notes may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit.

 

V.Variable and Floating Rate Securities

 

Variable- or floating-rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that adjust whenever a specified interest rate changes, float at a fixed margin above a generally recognized base lending rate and/or reset or are re-determined (e.g., pursuant to an auction) on specified dates (such as the last day of a month or calendar quarter). These instruments may include, without limitation, variable-rate preferred stock, bank loans, money market instruments and certain types of mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. Due to their variable- or floating-rate features, these instruments will generally pay higher levels of income in a rising interest rate environment and lower levels of income as interest rates decline. For the same reason, the market value of a variable- or floating-rate instrument is generally expected to have less sensitivity to fluctuations in market interest rates than a fixed-rate instrument, although the value of a floating-rate instrument may nonetheless decline as interest rates rise and due to other factors, such as changes in credit quality.

 

The Funds may invest in floating-rate debt instruments (“floaters”) and engage in credit-spread trades. The interest rate on a floater is a variable rate that is tied to another interest rate, such as a money-market index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. While, because of the interest-rate reset feature, floaters provide the Funds with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, the Funds will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit-spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies. The Funds may also invest in inverse floating-rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floater may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed-rate obligation of similar credit quality. When a Fund holds variable- or floating-rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating-rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the net asset value of the Fund’s shares.

 

Certain of each Fund’s investments, including variable- and floating-rate securities, may require each Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. As a result, in order to generate cash to make the requisite distributions, each Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it would otherwise have continued to hold. Please see “Taxation.”

 

W.Zero Coupon, Pay-in-Kind and Step Coupon Securities

 

Zero coupon bonds are issued and traded at a discount from their face value. They do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity. Step coupon bonds trade at a discount from their face value and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate is low for an initial period and then increases to a higher coupon rate. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. Pay-in-kind bonds normally give the issuer an option to pay in cash at a coupon payment date or in securities with a face value equal to the amount of the coupon payment that would have been made.

 

Because the Funds will not receive cash payments on a current basis in respect of accrued original-issue discount on zero coupon bonds or step coupon bonds during the period before interest payments begin, in some years the Funds may have to distribute cash obtained from other sources in order to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Funds might obtain such cash from selling other portfolio holdings, which might cause the Funds to incur capital gains or losses on the sale. These actions are likely to reduce the assets to which Fund expenses could be allocated and to reduce the rate of return for a Fund. In addition, such sales might be necessary even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the Funds to sell the securities at the time. Please see “Taxation.”

 

Generally, the market prices of zero coupon, step coupon and pay-in-kind securities are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Under many market and other conditions, investments in zero coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities may be illiquid, making it difficult for the Funds to dispose of them or to determine their current value.

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X.Municipal Securities

 

The Funds may invest in municipal securities issued by states, territories and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia. The value of municipal securities can be affected by changes in their actual or perceived credit quality. The credit quality of municipal securities can be affected by, among other things, the financial condition of the issuer or guarantor, the issuer’s future borrowing plans and sources of revenue, the economic feasibility of the revenue bond project or general borrowing purpose, political or economic developments in the state or region where the security is issued, and the liquidity of the security. Because municipal securities are generally traded over-the-counter, the liquidity of a particular issue often depends on the willingness of dealers to make a market in the security. The liquidity of some municipal obligations may be enhanced by demand features, which may enable the Funds to demand payment on short notice from the issuer or a financial intermediary.

 

The Funds may purchase insured municipal debt securities in which scheduled payments of interest and principal are guaranteed by a private, non-governmental or governmental insurance company. The insurance does not guarantee the market value of the municipal debt or the value of the shares of the Funds.

 

Securities of issuers of municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Bankruptcy Code. In addition, the obligations of such issuers may become subject to laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures or referenda extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Furthermore, as a result of legislation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its municipal obligations may be materially affected.

 

Municipal securities may include “moral obligation” securities, which are usually issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation bonds cannot fulfill its financial responsibilities from current revenues, it may draw upon a reserve fund, the maintenance and restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality that created the issuer.

 

Municipal securities may also include industrial development bonds and pollution control bonds, which in most cases are revenue bonds and generally are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of an issuer. They are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance privately operated facilities for business, manufacturing, housing, sport complexes, and pollution control. Consequently, the credit quality of these securities depend upon the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds and any guarantor to meet its financial obligations.

 

The Funds may invest in lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations of municipal authorities or entities (“municipal lease obligations”). Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which its taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payment due under the lease obligation. The Funds may also purchase “certificates of participation,” which are securities issued by a particular municipality or municipal authority to evidence a proportionate interest in base rental or lease payments relating to a specific project to be made by the municipality, agency or authority. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses that provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in any year unless money is appropriated for such purpose for such year. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are secured by the leased property, disposition of the property in the event of default and foreclosure might prove difficult.

 

The Funds may also invest in various short-term municipal securities, including tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, construction loan notes and short-term discount notes. Tax Anticipation Notes are used to finance working capital needs of municipalities and are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenues, to be payable from these specific future taxes. They are usually general obligations of the issuer, secured by the taxing power of the municipality for the payment of principal and interest when due. Revenue Anticipation Notes are generally issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as the revenues expected to be generated from a particular project. They may also be general obligations of the issuer. Bond Anticipation Notes normally are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. The long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes. Construction Loan Notes are sold to provide construction financing for specific projects. After successful completion and acceptance, many such projects may receive permanent financing through another source. Short-Term Discount Notes (tax-exempt commercial paper) are short-term (365 days or less) promissory notes issued by municipalities to supplement their cash flow.

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Pre-refunded municipal bonds are tax-exempt bonds that have been refunded to a call date on or before the final maturity of principal and remain outstanding in the municipal market. The payment of principal and interest of the pre-refunded municipal bonds held by a Fund is funded from securities in a designated escrow account that holds U.S. Treasury securities or other obligations of the U.S. Government, including its agencies and instrumentalities (“Agency Securities”). While still tax-exempt, pre-refunded municipal bonds usually will bear a Aaa rating (if a re-rating has been requested and paid for) because they are backed by the U.S. Treasury or Agency Securities. As the payment of principal and interest is generated from securities held in a designated escrow account, the pledge of the municipality has been fulfilled and the original pledge of revenue by the municipality is no longer in place. The escrow account securities pledged to pay the principal and interest of the pre-refunded municipal bonds held by a fund may subject the fund to interest rate risk and market risk. In addition, while a secondary market exists for pre-refunded municipal bonds, if a fund sells pre-refunded municipal bonds prior to maturity, the price received may be more or less than the original cost, depending on market conditions at the time of sale.

 

Residual interest bonds (“RIBs”) are municipal bonds that brokers create by depositing a municipal bond in a trust. The interest rate for the variable rate security is determined by the remarketing broker-dealer, while the RIB holder receives the balance of the income from the underlying municipal bond. The market prices of RIBs may be highly sensitive to changes in market rates and may decrease significantly when market rates increase. In a transaction in which a fund purchases a RIB from a trust where the underlying municipal bond was held by a fund prior to being deposited into a trust, a fund treats the transaction as a secured borrowing for financial reporting purposes. As a result, a fund will incur a non-cash interest expense with respect to interest paid by the trust on the variable rate securities, and will recognize additional interest income in an amount directly corresponding to the non-cash interest expense. Therefore, a funds NAV per share and performance are not affected by the non-cash interest expense. This accounting treatment does not apply to RIBS acquired by funds where a fund did not previously own the underlying municipal bond.

 

The Funds may invest in Build America Bonds, which are taxable municipal bonds with federal subsidies for a portion of the issuer’s borrowing costs. Build America Bonds were issued through the Build America Bond program, which was created as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “Act”). The objective of the program was to reduce the borrowing costs of state and local governments. Because the Act was not extended beyond its expiration date on December 31, 2010, tax subsidies will not apply to, and the Funds will not purchase, Build America Bonds issued following such date (if any). However, Build America Bonds outstanding and issued before such date remain eligible for the federal interest rate subsidy, which continues for the life of the Build America Bonds.

 

The interest the Funds receive from their investment in either type of Build America Bonds will be included in each Fund’s taxable income and distributed to shareholders as taxable ordinary income. For any tax credit Build America Bond held by the Funds, the respective Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders any tax credits from those bonds that otherwise would be allowed to that Fund. These tax credits can generally be used to offset U.S. federal income taxes and the federal alternative minimum tax, but such credits are generally not refundable. Any unused credits may be carried forward to succeeding taxable years.

 

Y.Hybrid Instruments

 

The Funds may invest in “hybrid” or indexed securities. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

 

Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the Fund.

 

Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The Funds will only invest in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the Act.

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Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. If so, each Fund’s investments in these products will be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to other restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act.

 

Structured Notes and Indexed Securities. Structured notes are derivative debt instruments, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator (for example, a currency, security, commodity or index thereof). The terms of the instrument may be “structured” by the purchaser and the borrower issuing the note. Indexed securities may include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities may include a multiplier that multiplies the indexed element by a specified factor and, therefore, the value of such securities may be very volatile. The terms of structured notes and indexed securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity, which may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured notes and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the unrelated indicator may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or the value of the structured note or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the unrelated indicator. Therefore, the value of such notes and securities may be very volatile. Structured notes and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the unrelated indicator. Structured notes or indexed securities also may be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities and instruments or more traditional debt securities. The Funds’ Adviser analyzes these notes and securities in its overall assessment of the effective duration of each Fund’s holdings in an effort to monitor each Fund’s interest rate risk.

 

Z.Regulation S Securities

 

The Funds may invest in the securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers that are issued through private offerings without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S under the 1933 Act (“Regulation S Securities”). Offerings of Regulation S Securities may be conducted outside of the United States. Because Regulation S Securities are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, Regulation S Securities may be considered illiquid. If a Regulation S Security is determined to be illiquid, the investment will be included with a Fund’s 15% of net assets limitation on investment in illiquid securities. Furthermore, because Regulation S Securities are generally less liquid than registered securities, the Funds may take longer to liquidate these positions than would be the case for publicly traded securities. Although Regulation S Securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the price realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by a Fund. Further, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. Accordingly, Regulation S Securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses.

 

AA.Illiquid Securities

 

Each Fund may invest in securities that are illiquid, so long as no more than 15% of the net assets of the Fund would be invested in such securities. Certain illiquid securities may require pricing using fair valuation procedures approved by the Board. The Adviser may be subject to significant delays in disposing of illiquid securities, and transactions in illiquid securities may entail registration expenses and other transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities. 

 

The term “illiquid securities” for this purpose means securities that cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which a Fund has valued the securities. Depending on the circumstances, illiquid securities may be considered to include, among other things, written over-the-counter options and other derivative instruments, repurchase agreements with maturities in excess of seven days, certain loan participation interests, fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), securities that are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale (such as privately placed debt securities), and other securities that legally or in the Adviser’s opinion may be deemed illiquid (not including securities issued pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 and certain commercial paper that the Adviser has determined to be liquid under procedures approved by the Board). 

 

BB.Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities

 

The Funds may invest in mortgage-related securities, and in other asset-backed securities (whether or not related to mortgage loans) that are offered to investors currently or in the future. Mortgage-related securities are interests in pools of residential or commercial mortgage loans, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental, government-related and private organizations. The value of some mortgage-related or asset-backed securities in which the Funds invest may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates, and, like other debt securities, the ability of the Funds to utilize these instruments successfully may depend in part upon the ability of the Adviser to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. Certain debt securities are also secured with collateral consisting of mortgage-related securities. See “Collateralized Mortgage Obligations” below.

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Through investments in mortgage-related securities, including those that are issued by private issuers, the Funds may have some exposure to subprime loans as well as to the mortgage and credit markets generally. Private issuers include commercial banks, savings associations, mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies and special purpose finance entities (called special purpose vehicles or SPVs) and other entities that acquire and package mortgage loans for resale as mortgage-related securities.

 

In addition, mortgage-related securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-related securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-related securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-related securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-related securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had in many cases higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.

 

The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-related securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic turndown, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages. 

 

Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Mortgage Pass-Through Securities are securities representing interests in “pools” of mortgage loans secured by residential or commercial real property. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.

 

The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. Early repayment of principal on some mortgage-related securities (arising from prepayments of principal due to sale of the underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure, net of fees and costs that may be incurred) may expose a Fund to a lower rate of return upon reinvestment of principal. Also, if a security subject to prepayment has been purchased at a premium, the value of the premium would be lost in the event of prepayment. Like other debt securities, when interest rates rise, the value of a mortgage-related security generally will decline; however, when interest rates are declining, the value of mortgage-related securities with prepayment features may not increase as much as other debt securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities are also subject to some interest rate risk. For example, because interest rates on most adjustable rate mortgage- and other asset-backed securities only reset periodically (e.g., monthly or quarterly), changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the market value of these securities, including declines in value as interest rates rise. In addition, to the extent that unanticipated rates of prepayment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase.

 

The residential mortgage market in the United States recently has experienced difficulties that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of the Fund’s mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) generally have increased recently and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of housing values (as has recently been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Borrowers with adjustable rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan originators have recently experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Owing largely to the foregoing, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.

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Payment of principal and interest on some mortgage pass-through securities (but not the market value of the securities themselves) may be guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by GNMA) or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government (in the case of securities guaranteed by the FNMA or the FHLMC). The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (the “VA”).

 

Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include FNMA and the FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. As described above under “U.S. Government Securities,” FNMA is now under conservatorship by the FHFA. FNMA primarily purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers, which includes state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks, and credit unions and mortgage bankers, although it may purchase other types of mortgages as well. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations.

 

FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation that issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. As described above under “U.S. Government Securities,” FHLMC is now under conservatorship by the FHFA. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Instead, they are supported only by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations.

 

Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non- governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Funds may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees. Securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.

 

Mortgage-related securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to each Fund’s industry concentration restrictions (see “Investment Restrictions”) by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. Government securities. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities, the Funds take the position that mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular “industry” or group of industries. The assets underlying such securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.

 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semi-annually or on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, or FNMA, and their income streams.

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CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including prepayments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. This payment structure provides investors with some protection against a premature return of principal.

 

In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B, and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begin to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios. CMOs may be less liquid and may exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.

 

CMOs that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or by any of its agencies or instrumentalities will be considered U.S. Government securities by the Funds, while other CMOs, even if collateralized by U.S. Government securities, will have the same status as other privately issued securities for purposes of applying each Fund’s diversification tests.

 

FHLMC Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates, which are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semi-annually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semi-annual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.

 

If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semi-annual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.

 

Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.

 

Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family mortgage-backed securities. Many of the risks of investing in commercial mortgage-backed securities reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial mortgage-backed securities may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage-or asset-backed securities.

 

Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

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The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See “Other Mortgage-Related Securities—Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities.” In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in a CMO residual.

 

CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has developed fairly recently and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not, have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (“ARMBSs”) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits a Fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, a Fund holding an ARMBS does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities. 

 

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”) are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

 

SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories. SMBS may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

 

Asset-Backed Securities. The Funds may invest in, or have exposure to, asset-backed securities, which are securities that represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, a stream of payments generated by particular assets, most often a pool or pools of similar assets (e.g., trade receivables). The credit quality of these securities depends primarily upon the quality of the underlying assets and the level of credit support and/or enhancement provided.

 

The underlying assets (e.g., loans) are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities’ weighted average maturity and may lower their return. If the credit support or enhancement is exhausted, losses or delays in payment may result if the required payments of principal and interest are not made. The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the pool or the financial institution or trust providing the credit support or enhancement. Typically, there is no perfected security interest in the collateral that relates to the financial assets that support asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities have many of the same characteristics and risks as the mortgage-backed securities described above.

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The Funds may purchase or have exposure to commercial paper, including asset-backed commercial paper (“ABCP”), that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a short-term debt security, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduit’s underlying asset portfolio and the conduit’s ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to a Fund investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduit’s underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduit’s inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP.

 

Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral and a Fund may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. A Fund purchasing these subordinated notes will therefore have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.

 

Collateralized Debt Obligations. The Funds may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust that is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade debt securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses.

 

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, downgrades of the underlying collateral by rating agencies, forced liquidation of the collateral pool due to a failure of coverage tests, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind or deferred and capitalized (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.

 

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities, however, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with debt securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Funds’ Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks that include, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) risk that the collateral may default or decline in value or be downgraded, if rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”); (iii) a Fund may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; (v) the investment return achieved by the Funds could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) the lack of a readily available secondary market for CDOs; (vii) risk of forced “fire sale” liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (viii) the CDO’s manager may perform poorly.

 

Other Asset-Backed Securities. Other asset-backed securities (unrelated to mortgage loans) will be offered to investors in the future and may be purchased by the Funds that may invest in mortgage-related securities. Several types of asset-backed securities have already been offered to investors, including Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (“EETCs”) and Certificates for Automobile ReceivablesSM (“CARSSM”).

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EETCs are typically issued by specially-created trusts established by airlines, railroads, or other transportation corporations. The proceeds of EETCs are used to purchase equipment, such as airplanes, railroad cars, or other equipment, which in turn serve as collateral for the related issue of the EETCs. The equipment generally is leased by the airline, railroad or other corporations, which makes rental payments to provide the projected cash flow for payments to EETC holders. Holders of EETCs must look to the collateral securing the certificates, typically together with a guarantee provided by the lessee corporation or its parent company for the payment of lease obligations, in the case of default in the payment of principal and interest on the EETCs. However, because principal and interest payments of EETCs are funded in the ordinary course by the lessee corporation, the Fund treats EETCs as corporate bonds/obligations for purposes of compliance testing and related classifications. 

 

CARSSM represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of motor vehicle retail installment sales contracts and security interests in the vehicles securing the contracts. Payments of principal and interest on CARSSM are passed through monthly to certificate holders, and are guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trustee or originator of the trust. An investor’s return on CARSSM may be affected by early prepayment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contracts. If the letter of credit is exhausted, the trust may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on a sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to foreclosure sales of vehicles and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. As a result, certificate holders may experience delays in payments or losses if the letter of credit is exhausted.

 

Consistent with each Fund’s investment objective and policies, the Funds also may invest in other types of asset-backed securities. Other asset-backed securities may be collateralized by the fees earned by service providers. The value of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. In certain circumstances, the mishandling of related documentation may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. The insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the assets may result in added costs and delays in addition to losses associated with a decline in the value of the underlying assets.

 

Investors should note that Congress from time to time may consider actions that would limit or remove the explicit or implicit guarantee of the payment of principal and/or interest on many types of asset-backed securities. Any such action would likely adversely impact the value of such securities. 

 

CC.Real Estate Securities and Related Derivatives

 

The Funds may gain exposure to the real estate sector by investing in real estate-linked derivatives, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), and common, preferred and convertible securities of issuers in real estate-related industries. Each of these types of investments are subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate, including loss to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning law amendments, changes in interest rates, overbuilding and increased competition, variations in market value, adverse changes in the real estate markets generally or in specific sectors of the real estate industry and possible environmental liabilities.

 

REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income-producing real estate or real estate-related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Code. Each Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Fund. Debt securities issued by REITs are, for the most part, general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.

 

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to risks associated with such industry.

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REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.

 

REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a more limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically REITs have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in S&P 500 Index. 

 

DD.Exchange Traded Notes

 

The Funds may invest in exchange traded notes (“ETNs”). ETNs are typically senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities whose returns are linked to the performance of a particular market index less applicable fees and expenses. ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. The Funds may hold an ETN until maturity, at which time the issuer is obligated to pay a return linked to the performance of the relevant market index. ETNs do not make periodic interest payments and principal is not protected.

 

The market value of an ETN may be influenced by, among other things, time to maturity, level of supply and demand of the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in the underlying assets, changes in the applicable interest rates, the current performance of the market index to which the ETN is linked, and the credit rating of the ETN issuer. The market value of an ETN may differ from the performance of the applicable market index and there may be times when an ETN trades at a premium or discount. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETNs at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the securities underlying the market index that the ETN seeks to track. A change in the issuer’s credit rating may also impact the value of an ETN despite the underlying market index remaining unchanged. ETNs are also subject to tax risk. No assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will accept, or a court will uphold, how the fund characterizes and treats ETNs for tax purposes. The extent of the Fund’s investment in commodity-linked ETNs, if any, is limited by tax considerations. For more information regarding the tax treatment of commodity-linked ETNs, please see “Taxation” below.

 

An ETN that is tied to a specific market index may not be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weighting of securities, commodities or other components in the applicable market index. ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by their applicable market index, and the Fund would bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN in which it invests.

 

A Fund’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN. Some ETNs that use leverage in an effort to amplify the returns of an underlying market index can, at times, be relatively illiquid and may therefore be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs may offer the potential for greater return, but the potential for loss and speed at which losses can be realized also are greater.

 

ETNs are generally similar to structured investments and hybrid instruments. For discussion of these investments and the risks generally associated with them, see “Hybrid Instruments” in this SAI.

 

EE.Borrowing

 

Subject to the limitations described under “Investment Restrictions” below, the Funds may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of a Fund’s assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Funds to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of a Fund’s total assets made for temporary purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of a Fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, a Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three business days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells holdings at that time. Borrowing, like other forms of leverage, will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs, which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Funds also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

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From time to time, the Trust may enter into, and make borrowings for temporary purposes related to the redemption of shares under, a credit agreement with third-party lenders. Borrowings made under such a credit agreement will be allocated pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board. In addition to borrowing money, the Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls, sale-buybacks and other transactions that can be viewed as forms of borrowings.

 

A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of a portfolio-eligible security by a Fund to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, coupled with its agreement to repurchase the instrument at a specified time and price. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, a Fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Such transactions are advantageous if the interest cost to a Fund of the reverse repurchase transaction is less than the returns it obtains on investments purchased with the cash.

 

Dollar rolls are transactions in which a Fund sells mortgage-related securities, such as a security issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date at a pre-determined price. Unlike in the case of reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which a Fund enters into a dollar-roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities that are “substantially identical.” To be considered “substantially identical,” the securities returned to a Fund generally must: (1) be collateralized by the same types of underlying mortgages; (2) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (3) have a similar original stated maturity; (4) have identical net coupon rates; (5) have similar market yields (and therefore price); and (6) satisfy “good delivery” requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within 0.01% of the initial amount delivered.

 

The Funds also may effect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as “sale-buybacks.” A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of a Fund’s repurchase of the underlying security.

 

The Funds will typically segregate or “earmark” assets determined to be liquid by the Adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board and equal (on a daily mark-to-market basis) to each Fund’s obligations under reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and sale-buybacks. Reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and sale-buybacks involve leverage risk and the risk that the market value of securities retained by a Fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities that the Fund sold and is obligated to repurchase. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement, dollar roll or sale-buyback files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Fund’s use of the proceeds of the agreement may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities. Reverse repurchase agreements and dollar rolls will be subject to the Funds’ limitations on borrowings as specified under “Investment Restrictions” below. 

 

FF.Securities Loans

 

Subject to certain conditions described in the Prospectus and below, each Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, include possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrowers (which typically include broker-dealers and other financial services companies) fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to borrowers that are believed by the Adviser to be of satisfactory credit standing. Securities loans are made to borrowers pursuant to agreements requiring that loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities, cash or cash equivalents (negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to- market basis in an amount at least equal at all times to the market value of the securities lent. The borrower pays to the lending Fund an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent.

 

The Funds may invest the cash collateral received or receive a fee from the borrower. In the case of cash collateral, a Fund typically pays a rebate to the borrower (in addition to payments to its securities lending agent, as described below). Cash collateral that a Fund receives may be invested in overnight time deposits, repurchase agreements, interest-bearing or discounted commercial paper (including U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper of non-U.S. issuers) and/or other short-term money market instruments (generally with remaining maturities of 397 days or less), either directly through joint accounts along with securities lending cash collateral of other Funds or indirectly through investments in affiliated or unaffiliated money market funds. Any investment of cash collateral through such joint accounts is subject to conditions established by the SEC staff. Under the terms of a securities lending agency agreement, the investment of cash collateral is at the sole risk of the Fund in most cases. Any income or gains and losses from investing and reinvesting any cash collateral delivered by a borrower pursuant to a loan are at the Fund’s risk (except as provided below), and to the extent any such losses reduce the amount of cash below the amount required to be returned to the borrower upon the termination of any loan, the Funds may be required by the securities lending agent to pay or cause to be paid to such borrower an amount equal to such shortfall in cash. A portion of any income earned through investment of cash collateral and a portion of any fees received from borrowers may be retained by the Funds’ securities lending agent. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent such shortfall is with respect to amounts owed to a borrower as a cash collateral fee, the securities lending agency agreement provides that the securities lending agent and the Funds share the difference between the income generated on the investment of cash collateral with respect to a loan and the amount to be paid to the borrower as a cash collateral fee.

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Investments of cash collateral may lose value and/or become illiquid, although the Funds remain obligated to return the collateral amount to the borrower upon termination or maturity of the securities loan and may realize losses on the collateral investments and/or be required to liquidate other portfolio assets in order to satisfy its obligations. Due to continuing adverse conditions in the mortgage and credit markets, liquidity and related problems in the broader markets for commercial paper and other factors, any investments of securities lending collateral by the Funds, including investments in asset-backed commercial paper and notes issued by structured investment vehicles, would present increased credit and liquidity risks. See “Mortgage-Related and Asset- Backed Securities” below for more information. To the extent the Funds invest collateral in instruments that become illiquid, efforts to recall securities and return collateral may force the Funds to liquidate other portfolio holdings in an effort to generate cash.

 

Any securities lending income would be disclosed as such in the “Statement of Operations” in the Trust’s annual report for the applicable fiscal period. The Funds may pay reasonable finders’ administration and custodial fees in connection with a loan of securities and may share the interest earned on the collateral with the borrower. 

 

The Funds may lend portfolio securities up to the maximum percentage set forth under “Investment Restrictions — Fundamental Investment Restrictions” below.

 

Although control over, and voting rights or rights to consent with respect to, the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Funds, as the lender, retain the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice.

 

The Funds may call such loans in order to sell the securities involved or, if the holders of the securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters that the Adviser believes materially affect the investment, in order to vote the securities. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities loaned because of insolvency or other reasons, the Funds could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities loaned or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for non-U.S. securities. When engaged in securities lending, each Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of either interest, through investment of cash collateral by the Funds in permissible investments, or a fee, if the collateral is U.S. Government securities.

 

GG.Potential Impact of Large Redemptions and Purchases of Fund Shares

 

From time to time, shareholders of the Funds may make relatively large redemptions or purchases of Fund shares. These transactions may cause the Funds to have to sell securities, or invest additional cash, as the case may be. While the overall impact of these transactions over time is not known, there could be adverse effects on each Fund’s performance to the extent that a Fund is required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may result in a loss to the Fund. These transactions may result in higher portfolio turnover, accelerate the realization of taxable income if sales of securities resulted in capital gains or other income and increase transaction costs, which may impact each Fund’s expense ratio. To the extent that such transactions result in short-term capital gains, such gains will generally be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate.

 

HH.Cyber Security Risk

 

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, investment companies (such as the Funds) and their service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Funds, the Adviser, or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Funds or their shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, affect each Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject the Funds to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems designed to prevent cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Similar types of cyber security risks also are present for issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause each Fund’s investment in such securities to lose value.

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INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

 

A.Fundamental Limitations

 

The investment limitations described below have been adopted by the Trust with respect to the Funds and are fundamental (“Fundamental”), i.e., they may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of each Fund. As used in the Prospectus and this SAI, the term “majority of the outstanding shares” of each Fund means the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented at such meeting; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Other investment practices which may be changed by the Board without the approval of shareholders to the extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or regulatory policy are considered non-fundamental (“Non-Fundamental”).

 

The Funds:

 

(1) (other than the Unconstrained Equity Fund and Micro-Cap Equity Fund) may not invest in a security if, as a result of such investment, more than 25% of its net assets (taken at market value at the time of such investment) would be invested in the securities of issuers in any particular “industry,” as the term is used in the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction. This restriction does not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities (or repurchase agreements with respect thereto);

 

(2) may not purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase securities secured by real estate or interests therein, or securities issued by companies in the real estate industry or that invest in real estate or interests therein;

 

(3) may not act as an underwriter of securities of other issuers, except to the extent that in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, it may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws;

 

(4) may not purchase or sell commodities. This restriction shall not prohibit the Funds, subject to the restrictions described in its Prospectus and SAI, from purchasing, selling or entering into futures contracts, options, foreign exchange contracts, swap agreements and other financial transactions not requiring delivery of physical commodities;

 

(5) may borrow money to the maximum extent permitted by law, as interpreted or modified, or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction from time to time;

 

(6) may not issue senior securities, except as permitted borrowings or as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act; and

 

(7) may not make loans, except that this restriction shall not prohibit the purchase of debt obligations or entering into repurchase agreements or the lending of a Fund’s portfolio securities.

 

While the Small-Cap Equity Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and the Micro-Cap Equity Fund are each “diversified” within the meaning of the 1940 Act and may only purchase securities consistent with the maintenance of each Fund’s status as a diversified investment company, each Fund has an explicit fundamental policy prohibiting the purchase of securities of any issuer unless such purchase is consistent with the maintenance of each Fund’s status as a diversified company under the 1940 Act.

 

Currently, under the 1940 Act, the Funds generally are not permitted to engage in borrowings unless immediately after a borrowing the value of each Fund’s total assets less liabilities (other than the borrowing) is at least 300% of the principal amount of such borrowing (i.e., such principal amount may not exceed 33  13% of the Fund’s total assets). In addition, the Funds are not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of each Fund’s total assets, less liabilities other than borrowing, is at least 300% of such principal amount.

 

The Funds will not borrow money, except: (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Funds from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that each Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions.

 

For purposes of the fundamental limitation regarding loans, the Funds may enter into repurchase agreements, lend securities and acquire debt obligations as permitted under the 1940 Act.

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B.Policies Relating to Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act

 

The Funds have adopted policies pursuant to Rule 35d-1(a) under the 1940 Act. The Funds will provide to shareholders the notice required by Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act, as such may be interpreted or revised from time to time, with respect to any change in any policy adopted pursuant to Rule 35d-1(a). Under such policies:

 

(1)The Small-Cap Equity Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in common stocks of small-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

(2)The Small-Cap Growth Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in common stocks of small-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

(3)The Mid-Cap Value Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in the common stocks of mid-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

(4)The Unconstrained Equity Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in common stocks of companies based in the U.S

 

(5)The Small–Mid Core Equity Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in the common stocks of small to medium cap companies based in the U.S.

 

(6)The Micro-Cap Equity Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings made for investment purposes) in common stocks of micro-cap companies based in the U.S.

 

C.Other Information Regarding Investment Restrictions and Policies

 

The Funds are also subject to other restrictions under the 1940 Act; however, the registration of the Trust under the 1940 Act does not involve any supervision by any federal or other agency of the Trust’s management or investment practices or policies, other than incident to occasional or periodic compliance examinations conducted by the SEC staff or other regulators.

 

Unless otherwise stated, all limitations applicable to each Fund’s investments will apply at the time of investment. The Funds will not violate these limitations unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an investment. Any subsequent change in the percentage of each Fund’s total assets invested in certain securities or other instruments resulting from market fluctuations or other changes in each Fund’s total assets will not require the Fund to dispose of an investment until the Adviser determines that it is practicable to sell or close out the investment without undue market or tax consequences to that Fund. The Adviser will take into account market, tax and other consequences to each Fund in considering whether or not to sell or close out an investment that has become inconsistent with an investment limitation after its purchase due to market fluctuations, a change in ratings assigned to the security or other factors. In the event that ratings services assign different ratings to the same security, the Adviser will determine which rating it believes best reflects the security’s quality and risk at that time, which may be the higher of the several assigned ratings. Unless otherwise indicated, references to assets in the percentage limitations on each Fund’s investments refers to total assets.

 

As noted above, the Funds have adopted policies pursuant to Rule 35d-1(a) under the 1940 Act. For purposes of determining compliance with its Rule 35d-1 policy, the Funds may account for a derivative position by reference to its market value.

 

The Adviser may use Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, the FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) for purposes of the Funds’ investment restrictions and policies relating to industry concentration.

 

In addition, the Adviser may use common definitions and standards to determine compliance with the investment policies, strategies and restrictions of the Funds that are specific to the Adviser. For example, the Adviser may employ definitions and standards in connection with defining Fund market capitalization criteria (e.g., determining whether a company is a “large,” “mid” or “small” capitalization company), characterizing a security as an “equity” or “fixed income” security, characterizing a security as a “growth” or “value” security, determining the composition of an “industry,” “sector” or group of related industries or sectors, determining the scope of a “geographic region” and characterizing an investment as a U.S. or non-U.S. investment (or otherwise determining the location of an investment for purposes of a Fund’s geographic restrictions). In addition, the definitions and standards used by the Adviser may change over time and without notice to investors, and in certain cases the Adviser may use definitions and standards for the Funds that differ from the definitions and standards it uses for other series of the Trust or for other funds and accounts that it advises.

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Under the 1940 Act, a “senior security” does not include any promissory note or evidence of indebtedness when such loan is for temporary purposes only and in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the total assets of the issuer at the time the loan is made. A loan is presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within sixty days and is not extended or renewed.

 

To the extent the Funds cover their exposure under a derivative instrument or other borrowing by the segregation of liquid assets, equal in value to the amount of a Fund’s commitment, or by entering into offsetting positions, such instrument is not considered a “senior security” for purposes of the asset coverage requirements otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Funds.

 

Each Fund interprets its policies with respect to borrowing and lending to permit such activities as may be lawful for a Fund, to the full extent permitted by the 1940 Act or by exemption from the provisions therefrom pursuant to an exemptive order of the SEC.

 

The phrase “shareholder approval” and the phrase “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” mean the affirmative vote of the lesser of: (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund, the Trust or share class, as the case may be, or (2) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund, the Trust or share class, as the case may be, present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

 

Temporary Defensive Position. From time to time, the Funds may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with their respective principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. For example, a Fund may hold all or a portion of its assets in cash, money market mutual funds, investment grade short-term money market instruments, U.S. Government and agency securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements and other cash equivalents. The Funds also may invest in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with their respective principal investment strategies. As a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the Funds may not achieve their respective investment objective.

 

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT

 

A.General Information

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment manager and adviser for the Funds. In this capacity, the Adviser provides investment advisory services to the Funds. Subject to the supervision of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for managing, either directly or through others selected by it, the investment activities of the Funds and each Fund’s business affairs and other administrative matters. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. is wholly beneficially owned and controlled by its employees. The largest shareholder is Dr. Russell J. Fuller who is also the firm’s founder, President, Chief Investment Officer, and Back-Up Portfolio Manager of the Small-Cap Equity Fund.

 

The Adviser provides investment management services primarily in long only and long-short equity strategies. The Adviser’s primary business is to provide discretionary advisory services to separate managed account clients such as pension plans, individuals, foundations, and to pooled vehicles such as open-ended mutual funds and collective investment trusts. As of September 30, 2018, the Adviser had $9.87 billion in assets under management.

 

B.Investment Advisory Agreement

 

Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, the Adviser is primarily responsible for managing each Fund’s investments and providing a continuous investment program for the Funds, subject to the supervision of the Board. For its advisory services to the Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For its advisory services to the Small-Cap Growth Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For its advisory services to the Mid-Cap Value Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 0.75% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For its advisory services to the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For its advisory services to the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 0.80% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For its advisory services to the Micro-Cap Equity Fund, the Adviser is entitled to receive an annual fee of 1.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The advisory fee is computed and accrued daily and paid monthly. The advisory fee, if not waived, is assessed to each Fund class based on average daily net assets for the prior month.

 

The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.80% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. For the period February 1, 2018 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.25%, 0.97% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets. For the period February 1, 2017 through January 31, 2018, the Adviser contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.05%, 0.90%, and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets.

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The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or reimburse Fund expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.25%, 0.99%, and 0.90% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small Cap Growth Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020, Effective December 20, 2017 through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.24%, 0.99%, and 0.90% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small Cap Growth Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

The Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.20%, 1.15%, 0.90% and 0.80% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020. Effective December 20, 2017, through the effective date of this prospectus, the Adviser had agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.14%, 0.89% and 0.80% for Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.30%, 1.25%, 0.99% and 0.90% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Unconstrained Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 1.26%, 1.21%, 0.95% and 0.85% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020.

 

Effective December __, 2018, the Adviser has agreed to contractually waive its management fee and/or reimburse expenses so that total annual operating expenses do not exceed 2.04%, 1.99%, 1.75% and 1.65% for A Shares, Investor Shares, Institutional Shares and R6 Shares, respectively, of the Micro-Cap Equity Fund’s average daily net assets through January 31, 2020.

 

The expense limitations of the Funds do not apply to (i) interest; (ii) taxes; (iii) brokerage fees and commissions; (iv) other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business; and (v) indirect expenses such as acquired fund fees and expenses. During any fiscal year that the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Trust is in effect, the Adviser may recoup the sum of all fees previously waived or expenses reimbursed during any of the previous 36 months, less any reimbursement previously paid, provided that the Adviser is only permitted to recoup fees or expenses within 36 months from the date the fee waiver or expense reimbursement first took effect and provided further that such recoupment can be achieved within the Expense Limitation Agreement currently in effect and the Expense Limitation Agreement in place when the waiver/reimbursement occurred. This expense limitation agreement may be terminated by the Board at any time.

 

For the fiscal periods ended as indicated in the table below, the fees payable to the Adviser, the reductions attributable to contractual fee waivers and the net fees paid (reimbursed) with respect to each of Small-Cap Equity Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund and Mid-Cap Value Fund were as detailed below. As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, there are no advisory fees to report.

 

Small-Cap Equity Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Advisory Fees Accrued Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Net Advisory Fees
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______ $_______
September 30, 2017 $480,124 $(230,667) $249,457
September 30, 2016 $64,909 $(225,366) $(160,457)
September 30, 2015(2) $183,498(3) $(223,849)(3) $(40,351)(3)

 

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Adviser $________
(2)For the period December 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015.
(3)Amounts reported for advisory fees accrued, fee waiver/expense reimbursement and net advisory fees for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2015 represent amounts paid by the Predecessor Fund to the prior adviser.

 

As of September 30, 2018, the Adviser may recapture $______no later than September 30, 2021.

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Small-Cap Growth Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Advisory Fees Accrued Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Net Advisory Fees
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______ $_______

 

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Adviser $________.

 

As of September 30, 2018, the Adviser may recapture $______no later than September 30, 2021. 

 

Mid-Cap Value Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Advisory Fees Accrued Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement Net Advisory Fees
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______ $_______

 

 
(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Adviser $________.

 

As of September 30, 2018, the Adviser may recapture $______no later than September 30, 2021. 

 

With respect to the Small-Cap Equity Fund, the continuation of the Investment Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board, including a majority of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, or interested parties to the Agreement (collectively, the “Independent Trustees” and, each an “Independent Trustee”), at an in-person meeting held on December [18], 2018. A discussion of the factors that the Board considered in approving the continuation of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement will be included in the Fund’s Semi-Annual Report to shareholders for the semi-annual period ended March 30, 2019. With respect to the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund, the Investment Advisory Agreement was approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, at an in-person meeting held on December 14, 2017. A discussion of the factors that the Board considered in approving the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund is included in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Report to shareholders for the semi-annual period ended March 31, 2018. The Investment Advisory Agreement for each of the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund was approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees and, each an at an in-person meeting held on December [18], 2018. A discussion of the factors that the Board considered in approving the Investment Advisory Agreement for Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund will be included in the Funds’ Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders for the semi-annual period ended March 31, 2019

 

If the Adviser ceases to act as investment adviser to any Fund or, if the Adviser requests in writing, the Trust shall take prompt action to change the name of the Funds to a name that does not include the term “Fuller & Thaler.”

 

C.Payments to Financial Institutions

 

The Adviser may pay certain financial institutions (which may include banks, broker-dealers and other industry professionals) a fee for providing distribution related services and/or for performing certain administrative servicing functions for Fund shareholders to the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by applicable statute, rule or regulation. These financial institutions may charge their customers fees for offering these services to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory authorities, and the overall return to those shareholders availing themselves of these services will be lower than to those shareholders who do not. The Funds may from time to time purchase securities issued by financial institutions that provide such services; however, in selecting investments for the Funds, no preference will be shown for such securities.

 

D.The Portfolio Managers

 

Other Accounts Managed By Portfolio Managers. The table below identifies for the Funds’ portfolio managers the number of accounts managed (excluding each Fund) and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: other pooled investment vehicles, other accounts, and other registered investment companies. Information in the table is shown as of September 30, 2018. Asset amounts are approximate and have been rounded.

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    Other Pooled Vehicles   Other Accounts   Other Registered Investment Companies  

 Accounts With Performance-Based Advisory Fee

Portfolio Manager # AUM ($ million)  # AUM ($ million)  # AUM ($ million)  # AUM ($ million)
Raife Giovinazzo                
Russell J. Fuller                
Ryam Lee                
Raymond Lin                
David M. Potter                
Frederick Stanske                

 

Compensation. The following explains the compensation structure of each individual (as listed in the Prospectus) who shares primary responsibility for day-to-day portfolio management of the Funds.

 

Fuller & Thaler is 100% beneficially owned by its investment professionals, named principals, and other key employees. As owners, Fuller & Thaler’s investment professionals are co-invested in the strategies they manage and are typically paid above industry averages. As owners, Fuller & Thaler’s investment professionals are ultimately compensated based on the long-term performance of its business, which is largely based on the long-term performance of its strategies. The value of these ownership stakes is typically the most significant long-term driver of compensation for investment professionals. Investment professionals and other key employees own a majority of Fuller & Thaler. As its named principals continue to gradually reduce their ownership stakes, Fuller & Thaler grants additional shares to investment professionals and other key employees. Year-to-year, pre-tax cash bonuses are based on a combination of criteria, including the firm’s profitability, an investment professional’s contributions to the firm’s and his/her strategy’s Year-To-Date, 1, 3, 5, 10, and tenure-long year performance relative to the strategy’s benchmark, and an investment professional’s contributions to improvements to the firm’s behavioral investment process, and can vary significantly both year-to-year and among investment professionals. Investment professionals may be granted ownership in Fuller & Thaler within a few years of joining the firm.

 

Ownership of Fund Shares. As of September 30, 2018, each portfolio manager that retained decision making authority over a Fund's management beneficially owned shares of each Fund as summarized in the following table.

 

Fund/Portfolio Manager

Dollar Range of Beneficial Ownership in the Corresponding Fund as of September 30, 2018
Small-Cap Equity Fund  
Raife Giovinazzo [                  ]
Russell J. Fuller [                  ]
Frederick Stanske [                  ]
Small-Cap Growth Fund  
Frederick Stanske [                  ]
Raymond Lin [                  ]
   
Mid-Cap Value Fund  
David Potter [                  ]
Ryam Lee [                  ]
Unconstrained Equity Fund  
Raymond Lin *
Raife Giovinazzo  
Small–Mid Core Equity Fund  
Raymond Lin *
Raife Giovinazzo  
Micro-Cap Equity Fund  
Frederick Stanske  
Raymond Lin *

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*As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, there is no ownership information to report with respect to those Funds.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest. Responsibility for managing the Adviser’s investment strategies is organized according to investment styles (growth, value or blend) and market capitalization (micro-cap, small-cap, mid-cap, or large-cap). Generally, a portfolio manager is responsible for managing all the client portfolios with a certain investment style and market capitalization. Therefore, portfolio holdings, relative position sizes and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across portfolios in the same strategy, which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest.

 

Another potential conflict of interest may be perceived with respect to compensation. The Adviser may receive more compensation with respect to certain accounts than that received with respect to the Funds. Such greater compensation may be attributable to the fact that some accounts may be larger than a Fund, some accounts may pay a higher management fee rate than the Funds, or some accounts may also pay a performance fee unlike the Funds. This may create a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser or its portfolio managers by providing an incentive to favor these other accounts when, for example, placing securities transactions. The Adviser may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to favored accounts. To address this, the Adviser has established policies designed to achieve fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities among its clients over time. As a matter of general policy, the Adviser aggregates orders for the same equity security placed at around the same time. When aggregated trades are executed, accounts participating in the trade will be allocated their pro rata share on an average price basis, subject to certain limited exceptions. In the event pro rata allocation may not be feasible or in the best interest of its clients, the Adviser will seek to allocate transactions in another manner that is fair and equitable over time.

 

Another potential conflict of interest may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the cost of securities subsequently purchased by another account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. If the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which the Funds invest, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of the Funds for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall.

 

The Funds’ portfolio managers may face other potential conflicts of interest in managing a Fund, and the description above is not a complete description of every conflict that could be deemed to exist in managing both the Funds and other accounts.

 

The Adviser believes it has adopted policies and procedures to address actual and potential conflicts of interest; however, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict may arise.

 

Corporate Culture. The Adviser’s corporate culture reflects the values of placing the best interest of our clients and prospective clients first while conducting ourselves with the highest level of professionalism and integrity. The firm encourages employee team work in considering unique points of view, as well as supports continued learning through ongoing education with the belief that these values are critical to maintaining an uncompromising pursuit of quality and knowledge which will benefit our clients and contribute to the growth and success of our firm.

 

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

 

A.General Information

  

The Board supervises the business activities of the Trust and is responsible for protecting the interests of shareholders. The Chairman of the Board is Robert G. Dorsey, who is an “interested person” of the Trust (“Interested Trustee”), as that term is defined under the 1940 Act. No Independent Trustee has been designated as a lead Independent Trustee.

 

Each Trustee serves as a Trustee for the lifetime of the Trust or until the earlier of his or her retirement as a Trustee at age 75, death, resignation or removal. Officers are re-elected annually by the Board. The address of each Trustee and officer is 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246.

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees oversee the operations of [15] series.

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Interested Trustee Background. The following table provides information regarding the Interested Trustee.

 

Name, Address, (Age), Position with Trust, Term of Position with Trust

Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years and Other Directorships

Robert G. Dorsey* 

Age: 61 

TRUSTEE 

Began Serving: March 2017

Principal Occupation(s): Managing Director and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC and its subsidiaries, except as otherwise noted for the FINRA-regulated  broker-dealer entities (1999 to present); Interested Trustee of Ultimus Managers Trust (February 2012 to present).

 

Previous Position(s): President of Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC (1999 to 2018); President of Ultimus Managers Trust (February 2012 to October 2013).

 

*Mr. Dorsey is considered an “interested person” of the Trust within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act because of his relationship with the Trust’s administrator, transfer agent, and distributors.

 

Independent Trustee Background. The following table provides information regarding the Independent Trustees.

 

Name, Address, (Age), Position with Trust, Term of Position with Trust

Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years and Other Directorships

John C. Davis 

Age: 66 

TRUSTEE 

Began Serving: July 2018

 

Principal Occupations(s): Consultant (government services) since May 2011. Consultant, Board of Trustees of Ultimus Managers Trust (since 2016).

 

Previous Position(s): Retired Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (1974-2010); Former Trustee of Ultimus Managers Trust (2012-2016).

Walter B. Grimm 

Age: 73 

TRUSTEE AND CHAIR 

Began Serving: November 2013

Principal Occupations(s): President, Leigh Management Group, LLC (consulting firm) (October 2005 to present); and President, Leigh Investments, Inc. (1988 to present); Board member, Boys & Girls Club of Coachella Valley (April 2018 to present); Board member, Axxia Pharmaceutical (January 2015 to present).

 

Previous Position(s): Chief Financial Officer, East West Private, LLC (consulting firm) (2009 to 2013).

Lori Kaiser 

Age: 55 

TRUSTEE 

Began Serving: July 2018

Principal Occupations(s): Founder and CEO, Kaiser Consulting since 1992.

Janet Smith Meeks 

Age: 63 

TRUSTEE 

Began Serving: July 2018 

 

Principal Occupations(s): Co-Founder and CEO, Healthcare Alignment Advisors, LLC (consulting company) since August 2015.

 

Previous Position(s): President and Chief Operating Officer, Mount Carmel Health System (2004-2015).

Mary M. Morrow 

Age: 60 

TRUSTEE 

Began Serving: November 2013 

Principal Occupations(s): Chief Operating Officer, Dignity Health Managed Services Organization (October 2018 to present).

 

Previous Position(s): Independent Consultant (managed care services (April 2018 to October 2018); Chief Operating Officer, Pennsylvania Health and Wellness (fully owned subsidiary of Centene Corporation) (November 2016 to April 2018); Vice President, Strategic Initiatives, Gateway Heath (January 2015 to November 2016); Consulting Practice Manager, DST Health Solutions (August 2010 to January 2015); Director, Service and Client Relations, EBDS (August 2008 – May 2009); Independent Consultant, Healthcare Servicing May 2009 – August 2010).

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Officers. The following table provides information regarding the Officers.

 

Name, Address, (Age), Position with Trust, Term of Position with Trust

Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years and Other Directorships

Matthew J. Miller 

Age: 42 

PRESIDENT and CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 

Began Serving: September 2013 (as VP); September 2018 (as President)

Principal Occupation(s): Assistant Vice President, Relationship Management, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (December 2015 to present); Vice President, Valued Advisers Trust (December 2011 to present).

 

Previous Position(s): Vice President, Capitol Series Trust (September 2013 to March 2017); Chief Executive Officer and President, Capitol Series Trust (March 2017 to March 2018); Secretary, Capitol Series Trust (March 2018 to September 2018); Vice President, Relationship Management, Huntington Asset Services, Inc. (n/k/a Ultimus Asset Services, LLC) (2008 to December 2015); Vice President, The Huntington Funds (February 2010 to April 2015); Vice President, Transfer Agency Operations, Huntington Asset Services, Inc. (2002 to 2008); Employed in various positions with Huntington Asset Services, Inc. (July 1998 to 2002).

Zachary P. Richmond 

Age: 38 

TREASURER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Began Serving: August 2014

Principal Occupation(s): Assistant Vice President, Associate Director of Financial Administration, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (December 2015 to present); Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer, Unified Series Trust (August 2014 to present); Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer, Commonwealth International Series Trust (September 2015 to present).

 

Previous Position(s): Assistant Vice President, Fund Administration, Huntington Asset Services, Inc. (n/k/a Ultimus Asset Services, LLC) (January 2011 to December 2015); and Assistant Treasurer, Unified Series Trust (2011 to August 2014).

Brandon Kipp 

Age: 35 

CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER

Began Serving: October 2017

Principal Occupation(s): Senior Fund Compliance Officer, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since July 2017) and Chief Compliance Officer, Valued Advisers Trust (since October 2017).

 

Previous Position(s): Assistant Vice President and Compliance Manager, UMB Fund Services, Inc. (March 2014 to July 2017); Officer and Lead Fund Administrator, UMB Fund Services, Inc. (May 2012 to March 2014).

Matthew J. Beck 

Age: 30 

SECRETARY 

Began Serving: September 2018

Principal Occupation(s): Senior Attorney, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (since May 2018) and Secretary, Ultimus Managers Trust (since July 2018).

 

Previous Position(s): Chief Compliance Officer, OBP Capital, LLC (May 2015 to May 2018); Secretary, Aspiration Funds (March 2015 to May 2018); Secretary, Starboard Investment Trust (September 2014 to May 2018); Secretary, Leeward Investment Trust (September 2014 to May 2018); Secretary, Hillman Capital Management Investment Trust (September 2014 to May 2018); Secretary, Spinnaker ETF Series (September 2014 to May 2018); Vice President and General Counsel, The Nottingham Company (July 2014 to May 2018).

Stephen L. Preston 

Age: 52 

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING OFFICER

Began Serving: December 2016

Principal Occupation(s): Chief Compliance Officer, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC from June 2011 to present.

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B.Qualifications of the Trustees

 

In addition to the information provided above, below is a summary of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills of each Trustee and the reason why he or she was selected to serve as Trustee:

 

Mr. John C. Davis - Mr. Davis is a Retired Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PWC”), where he worked from 1974-2010. He has been a Consultant since May 2011. During his career at PWC, Mr. Davis’ client service experiences encompassed domestic and international financial reporting, accounting, auditing, business structuring, tax, governance and compliance for companies in a variety of industries, including banking, insurance, asset management, credit, distribution, venture capital, private equity, and capital markets. From 2012 through 2016, Mr. Davis served as a Trustee of Ultimus Managers Trust. During his tenure as a Trustee, Mr. Davis served as financial expert, lead independent director and as chairman of the Board of Trustees. Since 2016, he has served as a consultant to the Board of Trustees of Ultimus Managers Trust, providing planning, compliance and business advice to the Board on a broad range of trustee oversight and regulatory matters. Mr. Davis was selected to serve as a Trustee based on his extensive mutual fund industry experience, mutual fund board/corporate governance experience, and financial/auditing expertise. Mr. Davis has been a Trustee since July 2018. Mr. Davis graduated from Indiana State University with a degree in Accounting. Mr. Davis also serves as the Chair of the Trust’s Valuation Committee and has been designated as an “audit committee financial expert” to the Trust’s Audit Committee, as that designation is defined by the SEC. 

 

Mr. Robert G. Dorsey – Mr. Dorsey is a co-founder of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (“Ultimus”) and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC. He has served as Managing Director of both since their founding in 1999. He also serves as Co-CEO of Ultimus and its subsidiaries, except as otherwise noted for the FINRA-regulated broker-dealer entities. Mr. Dorsey has over 30 years of experience in the mutual fund servicing industry. He has been a Trustee since March 2017. Mr. Dorsey previously served as Chair of the Board from March 2017 to March 2018. He has also served as an Interested Trustee on the Board of the Ultimus Managers Trust since February 2012. Mr. Dorsey holds a B.S. from Christian Brothers University and is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

 

Mr. Walter B. Grimm – Mr. Grimm has over 20 years of experience in the financial services industry, including as a trustee of other mutual funds and as the head of Client Services and Relationship Management areas for a mutual fund servicing company. He was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based primarily on his extensive knowledge of mutual fund operations. Mr. Grimm has been a Trustee since November 2013 and began serving as Chair of the Board in March 2018.

 

Ms. Lori Kaiser - Ms. Kaiser is the CEO of Kaiser Consulting, an international professional services firm that she founded in 1992, which specializes in accounting, finance and IT consulting. She is a Certified Public Accountant and a Chartered Global Management Accountant, with over 20-years’ experience serving the needs of auto/auto-parts manufacturers and various other industries, including financial, communications, not-for-profits, mutual funds, and insurance. She advises executive management on issues of risk identification and mitigation, mergers, acquisitions and integrations. Prior to Kaiser Consulting, Ms. Kaiser was the Chief Financial Officer at Lowestpremium.com, an online insurance aggregator enabling users to search for the lowest auto insurance rates. Earlier in her career, Ms. Kaiser served as Corporate Controller for Nationwide Communications, Inc., the media subsidiary of Nationwide Insurance Company, and she began her career in the audit practice of KPMG, LLP in Columbus, Ohio.

 

Ms. Kaiser has board and community service experience with a variety of organizations. She is a member of the Advisory Board of both the Center for Business Leadership and the Accounting Department at Miami University. For the Women’s Fund of Central Ohio’s Board of Directors, Ms. Kaiser serves as the Treasurer and as a member of the Executive, Finance and Audit Committees. Ms. Kaiser recently completed a three-year term on the Board of Directors of the National Association of Women Business Owners, where she also served as Treasurer and as a member of the Executive Committee. As a member of the Columbus Chamber of Commerce, she serves on its Small Business Council. Ms. Kaiser was selected to serve as a Trustee as a result of her board and executive level leadership experience, as well as her extensive financial, IT and risk management experience. Ms. Kaiser has been a Trustee since July 2018. Ms. Kaiser earned an MBA with honors from the University of Chicago and received a BS from Miami University, graduating cum laude. In addition, she is an adjunct professor in the MBA Program at Ohio State University Fisher School of Business. Ms. Kaiser also serves as the Trust’s Audit Committee Chair.

 

Ms. Janet S. Meeks - Ms. Meeks has 38 years of experience in the healthcare and financial services industries. Ms. Meeks founded healthcare Alignment Advisers, LLC in 2015, a consulting company located in Westerville, Ohio, that provides advice to healthcare executives with respect to, among other things, strategy development and implementation and currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer. Ms. Meeks previously served for nine years as President and Chief Operating Officer of Mount Carmel St. Ann’s Hospital (MCSA), a regional medical center located in Columbus, Ohio. Prior to that, she served in executive roles for four nationally known healthcare systems, including Trinity Health and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Before entering the healthcare sector, Ms. Meeks worked in the financial services industry for Bank of Mississippi.

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As an experienced corporate director, Ms. Meeks currently serves on the Board of Directors of National Church Residences, serves as a faculty member of both the AHA Society for Healthcare Planning and Marketing National Conferences and the Healthcare Strategy Institute National Conferences, and is an Instructor at the University of Mississippi School of Business Administration. Ms. Meeks has published extensively and is an accomplished speaker. Ms. Meeks was selected to serve as a Trustee as a result of her board and executive level leadership experience and her extensive financial industry, marketing and strategy expertise. Ms. Meeks has been a Trustee since July 2018. Ms. Meeks is a two-time graduate of the University of Mississippi, where she received an undergraduate degree in banking and finance and an MBA in finance.

 

Ms. Mary M. Morrow – Ms. Morrow has over 25 years of experience in customer service, processing operations, and systems implementation experience both in the managed care and financial services arenas. Prior to work in the managed care arena, Mr. Morrow served as the Vice President in charge of Business Applications for a large mutual fund company and as a Senior Vice President of Transfer Agency Operations for a mutual fund services provider. She was selected to serve as a Trustee of the Trust based primarily on her significant corporate experience as well as her operational knowledge of mutual fund operations. Ms. Morrow has been a Trustee since November 2013. Ms. Morrow also serves as Chair of the Nominating Committee. 

 

C.Risk Management

 

The overall management and affairs of the Trust are supervised by the Board. The Board consists of three individuals. The Trustees are fiduciaries and are governed by the laws of the State of Ohio in this regard. The Board establishes policies for the operation of the Trust and appoints the officers who conduct the daily business of the Trust. The Board provides oversight over the management and operations of the Trust. The day-to-day responsibility for the management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of various officers and service providers to the Trust and its individual series, such as the Adviser, Distributor, administrator, custodian, and Transfer Agent, each of whom are discussed in greater detail in this SAI. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and its service providers, including the agreements with the Adviser, Distributor, administrator, custodian and Transfer Agent. The Board has appointed various individuals of certain of these service providers as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s day-to-day operations. In all cases, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.

 

The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to effectively perform its oversight function. The Board is comprised of five Independent Trustees – Mr. John C. Davis, Mr. Walter Grimm, Ms. Lori Kaiser, Ms. Janet S. Meeks and Ms. Mary Morrow – and one Interested Trustee – Mr. Robert G. Dorsey. Accordingly, five-sixths of the members of the Board are Independent Trustees and are not affiliated with any investment adviser to the Trust or their respective affiliates or other service providers to the Trust or any Trust series. The Board has established three standing committees, an Audit Committee, a Nominating Committee and a Valuation Committee, which are discussed in greater detail below. Each of the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee is comprised entirely of Independent Trustees. The Valuation Committee is comprised of all of the Trustees of the Trust, including the Independent Trustees, plus the Trust’s President/Principal Executive Officer and its Treasurer/Principal Financial Officer. Non-Trustee members of the Valuation Committee serve as non-voting members. As part of its efforts to oversee risk management associated with the Trust, the Board has established the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee and the Valuation Committee as described below:

 

The Audit Committee consists of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, internal controls and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers; overseeing the quality and objectivity of financial statements and the independent audits of the financial statements; and acting as a liaison between the independent auditors and the full Board.

 

The Nominating Committee consists of all of the Independent Trustees. The Nominating Committee is responsible for identifying and nominating Trustee candidates to the full Board. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted to the Nominating Committee in care of Capitol Series Trust.

 

The Valuation Committee consists of all of the Trustees plus the Trust’s President/Principal Executive Officer and its Treasurer/ Principal Financial Officer. Non- Trustee members of the Valuation Committee serve as non-voting members. The Valuation Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving fair valuation determinations pursuant to the Trust’s Portfolio Valuation Procedures. As part of its function, the Valuation Committee considers all fair value pricing methodologies proposed by the Pricing Review Committee (comprised of various officers of the Trust, Ultimus representatives, and representatives of the adviser, as necessary), and approves such methodologies, and any amendments thereto, before they are implemented.

52

 

The Audit Committee generally meets at least annually. The Audit Committee reviews reports provided by administrative service providers, legal counsel and independent accountants. The Nominating Committee and Valuation Committee meet as needed. The Committees report directly to the Board. During the Funds fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Audit Committee met 5 times, the Nominating Committee met three times and the Valuation Committee met six times regarding matters involving the Trust. The Board has determined that the function and composition of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee are appropriate means to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from the Chairman’s status as an Interested Trustee. In addition, the inclusion of all Independent Trustees as members of the Audit Committee, Nominating Committee and Valuation Committee allow all such Trustees to participate in the full range of the Board’s oversight duties, including oversight of risk management processes.

 

The Independent Trustees have engaged their own independent legal counsel to provide advice on regulatory, compliance and other topics. In addition, the Board has engaged on behalf of the Trust a full-time Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) who is responsible for overseeing compliance risks. He reports to the Board at least quarterly any material compliance items that have arisen, and annually he provides to the Board a comprehensive compliance report outlining the effectiveness of compliance policies and procedures of the Trust and its service providers. As part of the CCO’s risk oversight function, the CCO seeks to understand the risks inherent in the operations of the Trust’s series and their advisers and sub-advisers. Periodically the CCO provides reports to the Board that:

 

Assess the quality of the information the CCO receives from internal and external sources;

 

Assess how Trust personnel monitor and evaluate risks;

 

Assess the quality of the Trust’s risk management procedures and the effectiveness of the Trust’s organizational structure in implementing those procedures;

 

Consider feedback from and provide feedback regarding critical risk issues to administrative and advisory personnel responsible for implementing risk management programs; and

 

Consider economic, industry, and regulatory developments, and recommend changes to the Trust’s compliance programs as necessary to meet new regulations or industry developments.

 

The Trustees meet on a quarterly basis, typically for 1-2 days of meetings. Trustees also participate in special meetings and conference calls as needed. In addition to Board meetings, Trustees may participate in teleconferences to review and discuss 15(c) materials, and to interview advisers and sub-advisers whose contracts are up for renewal at the next regularly scheduled Board meeting. Legal counsel to the Trust provides quarterly reports to the Board regarding regulatory developments. On a quarterly basis, the Trustees review and discuss some or all of the following compliance and risk management reports relating to the series of the Trust:

 

Fund Performance/Morningstar Report/Portfolio Manager’s Commentary

 

Code of Ethics review

 

NAV Errors, if any

 

Distributor Compliance Reports

 

Timeliness of SEC Filings

 

Dividends and other Distributions

 

List of Brokers, Brokerage Commissions Paid and Average Commission Rate

 

Review of 12b-1 Payments

 

Multiple Class Expense Reports

 

Anti-Money Laundering/Customer Identification Reports

 

Administrator and CCO Compliance Reports

 

Market Timing Reports

 

From time to time, one or more members of the Board may also meet with Trust officers in less formal settings, between formal Board meetings to discuss various topics.

 

The Board has not adopted a formal diversity policy. When soliciting future nominees for Trustee, the Nominating Committee will make efforts to identify and solicit qualified minorities and women.

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The Board reviews its structure regularly in light of the characteristics and circumstances of the Trust, including the number of funds that comprise the Trust; the variety of asset classes that those funds reflect; the net assets of the Trust; and the distribution arrangements the funds. At least annually, the Board conducts an assessment of the Board’s and their individual effectiveness in overseeing the Trust. Based upon its assessment, the Board determines whether additional risk assessment or monitoring processes are required with respect to the Trust or any of its service providers.

 

Based on the qualifications of each of the Trust’s Trustees and officers, the risk management practices adopted by the Board, including a regular review of several compliance and operational reports, and the committee structure adopted by the Board, the Trust believes that its leadership is appropriate.

 

D.Trustee Ownership of Shares of the Fund and of the Fund Complex

 

The following table provides information regarding shares of the Fund and other portfolios of the Trust owned by each Trustee as of December 31, 2017.

 

Trustee Dollar Range of the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s Shares

Dollar Range of the Small-Cap Growth Fund’s Shares

Dollar Range of the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s Shares

Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares of All Series Within the Trust**
Interested Trustee        
Robert G. Dorsey $50,001 - $100,000 None None Over $100,000
Independent Trustees        
John C. Davis None None None None
Walter B. Grimm $10,001 - $50,000 None None $10,001 - $50,000
Lori Kaiser None None None None
Janet S. Meeks None None None None
Mary M. Morrow None None None None

 

As of December 31, 2017, the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund had not yet commenced operations.

 

**The Trust currently consists of [15] series.

 

Set forth below is the annual compensation paid to the Independent Trustees and by the Trust on an aggregate basis. No Interested Trustee or officer receives compensation from the Trust although all Trustee and officer travel expenses incurred to attend Board and committee meetings are reimbursed. Trustees’ fees and Trustee and officer reimbursable travel expenses are Trust expenses and the Funds incur their respective share of such expenses, which are allocated among the Funds in such manner as the Trustees determine to be fair and equitable. 

 

Trustee Compensation from the Small-Cap Equity Fund(1)

Compensation from the Small-Cap Growth Fund(1)

Compensation from the Mid-Cap Value Fund(1)

Total Compensation From Trust(1)(2)
Interested Trustee        
Robert G. Dorsey None None None None
Independent Trustees        
John C. Davis*   $1,500 $1,500   $1,500 $15,000
Walter B. Grimm*   $2,550 $2,550   $2,550 $25.550
Lori Kaiser*   $1,500 $1,500   $1,500 $15,000
Janet S. Meeks*   $1,500 $1,500   $1,500 $15,000
Mary M. Morrow*   $2,550 $2,550   $2,550 $25,550

 

(1)Estimated annual compensation for 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Mr. Grimm and Ms. Morrow each received total compensation from the Trust in the amount of $13,450. Mr. Davis, Ms. Kaiser and Ms. Meeks were not members of the Board during 2017, and therefore did not receive any compensation from the Trust during that period

 

(2)The Trust currently consists of [15] series.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

 

As of November 30, 2018, the Trustees and officers of the Trust in the aggregate owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund and each Fund class.

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As of November 30, 2018, certain shareholders of record owned 5% or more of a Fund class. These shareholders and any shareholder known by the Funds to own 5% or more of a Fund class are listed in the table below. Unless otherwise indicated below, the Trust has no knowledge as to whether all or any portion of the shares owned of record are also owned beneficially. Because A Shares and C Shares had not launched for any Fund Because A Shares and C Shares had not launched for any Fund as of November 30, 2018, those class shares are not included in the table. As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, no information is reported with respect to those Funds.

 

5% Shareholders Name and Address Shares % of Class
Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund      
Investor Shares      
R6 Shares      
Institutional Shares      

 

 

 

5% Shareholders Name and Address Shares % of Class
Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth  Fund      
Investor Shares      
R6 Shares      
Institutional Shares      

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5% Shareholders Name and Address Shares % of Class
Fuller & Thaler Mid-Cap Value Fund      
Investor Shares      
R6 Shares      
Institutional Shares      

 

From time to time, certain shareholders may own a large percentage of the shares of a Fund. Accordingly, those shareholders may be able to greatly affect (if not determine) the outcome of a shareholder vote. As of December 1, 2018, the shareholders that may be deemed to control the Small-Cap Equity Fund, Small-Cap Growth Fund, and Mid-Cap Value Fund are listed in the table below. “Control” for this purpose is the ownership of more than 25% or more of a Fund’s voting securities. The beneficial ownership, either directly or indirectly, of 25% or more of the voting securities of a Fund creates a presumption of control of the Fund, under Section 2(a) (9) of the 1940 Act. A controlling shareholder could control the outcome of any proposal submitted to the shareholders for approval, including changes to a Fund’s fundamental policies or the terms of the management agreement with the Adviser.

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund
Name and Address Shares % of Fund

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund
Name and Address Shares % of Fund

 

Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund
Name and Address Shares % of Fund

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of long-term purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year. Although a Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate cannot be accurately predicted, the Adviser anticipates that the Small-Cap Equity Fund’s portfolio turnover rate normally will be below 80%, the Small-Cap Growth Fund’s portfolio turnover rates normally will be above 85%, the Mid-Cap Value Fund’s portfolio turnover rate normally will be below 80%, the Unconstrained Equity Fund’s portfolio turnover rate normally will be below 50%, the Micro-Cap Equity Fund’s portfolio turnover rates normally will be around 100% and the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund’s portfolio turnover rate normally will be below 80%. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of a Fund’s portfolio securities were replaced once within a one year period. High turnover involves correspondingly greater commission expenses and transaction costs, which will be borne directly by a Fund, and may result in the Fund recognizing greater amounts of income and capital gains, which would increase the amount of income and capital gains which the Fund must distribute to shareholders in order to maintain its status as a regulated investment company and to avoid the imposition of federal income or excise taxes (see “Taxes”).

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The Funds do not intend to use short-term trading as a primary means of achieving their respective investment objectives. Generally, the Funds intend to invest for long-term purposes. However, the rate of portfolio turnover will depend upon market and other conditions, and it will not be a limiting factor when the Adviser believes that portfolio changes are appropriate.

 

Each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for the previous three fiscal years is provided in the table immediately below. *As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, no portfolio turnover information is reported for those Funds. As the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund did not commence operations until December, 2017, no portfolio turnover information is presented for those Funds for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

 

Name of Fund

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 20116

Small-Cap Equity Fund __% 26% 194%(1)
Small-Cap Growth Fund __% * *
Mid-Cap Value Fund __% * *
Unconstrained Equity Fund * * *
Small–Mid Core Equity Fund * * *
Micro-Cap Equity Fund * * *

 

 
(1)The Small-Cap Equity Fund’s higher than normal portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2016, can be attributed to fluctuations in the Fund’s net assets during the period.

 

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM

 

Customer identification and verification is part of the Funds’ overall obligation to prevent money laundering under federal law. The Trust has, on behalf of the Funds, adopted an anti-money laundering compliance program designed to prevent the Funds from being used for money laundering or financing of terrorist activities (the “AML Compliance Program”). The Trust has delegated the responsibility to implement the AML Compliance Program to the Funds’ transfer agent, Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, subject to oversight by the CCO and, ultimately, by the Board.

 

When you open an account with the Funds, the transfer agent will request that you provide your name, physical address, date of birth, Social Security number or tax identification number. You may also be asked for other information that, in the transfer agent’s discretion, will allow the Funds to verify your identity. Entities are also required to provide additional documentation. This information will be verified to confirm the identity of all persons opening an account with the Funds. The Funds reserve the right to: (1) refuse, cancel or rescind any purchase order, (2) freeze any account and/or suspend account activities, or (3) involuntarily redeem your account in cases of threatening conduct or suspected fraudulent or illegal activity. These actions will be taken upon authorization of the Trust’s anti-money laundering officer if they are deemed to be in the best interest of the Funds, or in cases where the Funds are requested or compelled to do so by governmental or law enforcement authority.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Subject to policies established by the Board, the Adviser is responsible for each Fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of each Fund’s portfolio transactions. In placing portfolio transactions, the Adviser seeks the best qualitative execution for each Fund, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), the execution capability, financial responsibility and responsiveness of the broker or dealer and the brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Adviser generally seeks favorable prices and commission rates that are reasonable in relation to the benefits received.

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The Adviser is specifically authorized to select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage and research services to the Funds and/or the other accounts over which it exercises investment discretion and to pay such brokers or dealers a commission in excess of the commission another broker or dealer would charge if each determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. The determination may be viewed in terms of a particular transaction, or the Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to each Fund and to other accounts over which it exercises investment discretion.

 

Research services include securities and economic analyses, statistical services and information with respect to the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities and analyses of reports concerning performance of accounts. The research services and other information furnished by brokers through whom the Funds effect securities transactions may also be used by the Adviser in servicing all of its accounts. Similarly, research and information provided by brokers or dealers serving other clients may be useful to the Adviser in connection with its services to the Funds.

 

Purchases and sales of equity securities traded on an exchange are typically executed through broker-dealers that charge a commission. Commission rates are negotiable. Over-the-counter equity transactions will be placed either directly with principal market makers or with broker-dealers, if the same or a better price, including commissions and executions, is available. Fixed income securities are normally purchased directly from the issuer, an underwriter or a market maker. Purchases include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and the purchase price paid to a market maker may include the spread between the bid and asked prices.

 

The following brokerage commissions were paid by the Funds for the fiscal years ended as indicated in the table immediately below. *As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, no brokerage commissions information is reported for those Funds. As the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund did not commence operations until December, 2017, no brokerage commissions information is presented for those Funds for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

 

Brokerage Commissions Paid

 

Fund

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016

Small-Cap Equity Fund $______ $96,265 $29,119
Small-Cap Growth Fund $______ * *
Mid-Cap Value Fund $______ * *
Unconstrained Equity Fund * * *
Small–Mid Core Equity Fund * * *
Micro-Cap Equity Fund * * *

 

 

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor have each adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Codes”) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act and the Adviser’s Code of Ethics also conforms to Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. The personnel subject to the Codes are permitted to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. You may obtain copies of the Codes from the Trust, free of charge, by calling Shareholder Services at 888-912-4562.

 

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Funds are required to include a schedule of portfolio holdings in their respective annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, which is sent to shareholders within 60 days of the end of the second and fourth fiscal quarters and which is filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on Form N-CSR within 70 days of the end of the second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Funds also are required to file a schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC on Form N-Q within 60 days of the end of the first and third fiscal quarters. The Funds must provide a copy of the complete schedule of portfolio holdings as filed with the SEC to any shareholder of the Funds, upon request, free of charge. The Funds also post their respective top ten portfolio positions as well as certain other portfolio characteristics such as sector weightings as of each quarter end on its website at www.fullerthalerfunds.com within approximately 70 days of that quarter end. The information may be supplied more frequently than quarterly and on a delayed basis. The Funds release portfolio holdings to third party servicing agents on a daily basis in order for those parties to perform their duties on behalf of the Funds. These third party servicing agents include the Adviser, Distributor, Transfer Agent, fund accountant, administrator and custodian. The Funds also may disclose portfolio holdings, as needed, to auditors, legal counsel, proxy voting services (if applicable), printers, pricing services, parties to merger and reorganization agreements with the Funds and their agents, and prospective or newly hired third party servicing agents including investment advisers or sub-advisers. The lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed will vary based on the identity of the party to whom the information is disclosed. For instance, the information may be provided to auditors within days of the end of an annual period, while the information may be given to legal counsel or prospective third party servicing agents without any time lag. This information is disclosed to all such third parties under conditions of confidentiality. “Conditions of confidentiality” include: (1) confidentiality clauses in written agreements, (2) confidentiality implied by the nature of the relationship (e.g., attorney-client relationship), (3) confidentiality required by fiduciary or regulatory principles (e.g., custody relationships), or (4) understandings or expectations between the parties that the information will be kept confidential. Third party servicing agents generally are subject to an independent obligation not to trade on confidential information under their code of ethics and/or as a result of common law precedents; however, the Trust does not require an independent confirmation from the third parties that they will not trade on the confidential information.

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Additionally, the Funds may enter into ongoing arrangements to release portfolio holdings to Morningstar, Inc., Lipper, Inc., Bloomberg, Standard & Poor’s, Thomson Reuters and Vickers-Stock (“Rating Agencies”) in order for those organizations to assign a rating or ranking to the Funds. In these instances, portfolio holdings as of a month end will be supplied within approximately 25 days after that month end. The Rating Agencies may make each Fund’s top portfolio holdings and other portfolio characteristics available on their websites and may make each Fund’s complete portfolio holdings available to their subscribers for a fee. Neither the Funds, the Adviser, nor any of their affiliates receives any portion of this fee. Information released to Rating Agencies is not released under conditions of confidentiality nor is it subject to prohibitions on trading based on the information. Prior to disclosing portfolio holdings information to Rating Agencies, the CCO must find that: (1) the Funds have a legitimate business purpose for releasing the information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; and (2) the disclosure is in the best interests of shareholders.

 

Upon approval of the CCO, the Funds may also disclose portfolio information pursuant to regulatory request, court order or other legal proceeding.

 

The Trustees have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies (“Disclosure Policies”) detailing the circumstances under which each Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to third parties. The Disclosure Policies permit the Funds to adopt their own portfolio holdings disclosure policies, as set forth herein, that are consistent with the Disclosure Policies (“Fund Policies”). Prior to approving the Disclosure Policies and the Fund Policies, the Trustees considered the circumstances under which the Funds may disclose their portfolio holdings as well as conflicts of interest between the Funds’ shareholders and the Adviser, the Distributor, or any affiliated person of the Funds, the Adviser, and Distributor resulting from such disclosures (“Conflicts”), and determined that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information under such circumstances were in the best interests of the respective Fund.

 

Except as described above, the Funds are prohibited from entering into any arrangements with any person to make available information about the Funds’ portfolio holdings without the prior authorization of the CCO and the specific approval of the Board. The Adviser must submit any proposed arrangement pursuant to which it intends to disclose the Funds’ portfolio holdings to the CCO, who will review such arrangement and any Conflicts to determine whether the arrangement is in the best interests of Fund shareholders. Additionally, the Adviser and any of their affiliated persons are prohibited from receiving compensation or other consideration, for themselves or on behalf of the Funds, as a result of disclosing the Funds’ portfolio holdings. Finally, the Funds will not disclose portfolio holdings as described above to third parties that the Funds know will use the information for personal securities transactions.

 

To oversee the Disclosure Policies and the Fund Policies, the Trustees consider reports and recommendations by the CCO regarding the adequacy and implementation of the compliance programs of the Trust and its service procedures adopted pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Trustees reserve the right to amend the Disclosure Policies at any time without prior notice to shareholders in its sole discretion.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

You may purchase or redeem shares of a Fund class at the net asset value of those shares next calculated after the Transfer Agent receives your request in proper form, plus (or minus, in the case of a redemption) any applicable sales charge. For information concerning the purchase, redemption, and exchanges of Fund shares, see “How to Buy Shares” and “How to Redeem Shares” in the Funds’ Prospectus. For a description of the methods used to determine the share price and value of each Fund’s assets, see “Determination of Net Asset Value” in the Funds’ Prospectus and in this SAI.

 

The Funds may authorize one or more brokers and other intermediaries to receive, on their behalf, purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers would be permitted to designate other intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on behalf of the Funds. The Funds will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Customer orders will be priced at a Fund class’ net asset value next computed, plus (or minus, in the case of a redemption), after the orders are received by an authorized broker or such broker’s authorized designee, and accepted by the Funds.

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The price (net asset value) of the shares of a Fund class is determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), which is normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on each day the Trust is open for business. The Trust is open for business on every day on which the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE is closed on Saturdays, Sundays and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas.

 

An exchange-traded equity security (including an ETF) is generally valued by a pricing service at the last quoted sale price provided by market in which the security principally trades. Securities traded in the NASDAQ over-the-counter market are generally valued by the pricing service at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If, on a particular day, an exchange-traded or NASDAQ security does not trade, then the mean between the most recent quoted bid and asked prices will be used. All equity securities that are not traded on a listed exchange are valued at the last sale price in the over-the-counter market. If a non-exchange traded security does not trade on a particular day, then the mean between the last quoted closing bid and asked price will be used. Debt securities are valued by using the mean between the closing bid and asked prices provided by a pricing service. If the closing bid and asked prices are not readily available, the pricing service may provide a price determined by a matrix pricing method. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique used to value fixed income securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices. Matrix pricing takes into consideration recent transactions, yield, liquidity, risk, credit quality, coupon, maturity, type of issue and any other factors or market data the pricing service deems relevant for the actual security being priced and for other securities with similar characteristics. Any discount or premium is accreted or amortized on a straight-line basis until maturity. Shares of mutual funds are valued at the NAVs of such companies for purchase and/or redemption orders placed on that day.

 

Foreign securities are priced in their local currencies as of the close of their primary exchange or market or as of the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier. Foreign securities, currencies and other assets denominated in foreign currencies are then translated into U.S. dollars using the applicable currency exchange rates as of the close of the NYSE as provided by a pricing service. Trading in foreign securities generally is completed, and the values of such securities are determined, prior to the close of securities markets in the U.S. Foreign exchange rates are also determined prior to such close. On occasion, the values of securities and exchange rates may be affected by events occurring between the times as of which determination of such values or exchange rates are made and the time as of which the NAV of each Fund class is determined. When such events materially affect the values of securities held by each Fund or its liabilities, such securities and liabilities may be valued at fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with procedures approved by the Funds’ Board.

 

When market quotations are not readily available, when the Adviser determines that the price provided by the pricing service does not accurately reflect the current market value, or when restricted or illiquid securities are being valued, such securities are valued at a fair value as determined in good faith according to procedures established by and subject to review by the Board. The Board annually approves the pricing services used by the fund accounting agent. “When-issued” or “TBA” debt securities are debt securities traded prior to the time they are issued. If the pricing service does not provide a price for these securities they will be valued at fair value consistent with the Trust’s valuation procedures. A Pricing Committee is convened to determine a security’s fair value, as needed. Fair valued securities held by the Funds (if any) are reviewed by the Board on a quarterly basis.

 

The NAV per share of each Fund class is determined by taking the market value of that Fund class’ total assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received), subtracting the class’ liabilities (including accrued expenses), and then dividing the result (net assets) by the number of outstanding shares of the Fund class at such time. Institutional Shares are offered for purchase at their Net Asset Value per Share which is calculated as follows: 

 

  Net Asset Value Per Share = Net Assets  
     

Shares

Outstanding

 

 

Investor Shares are offered at their public offering price which is their NAV per share plus the applicable sales charge as a percentage of the NAV per share. The maximum public offering price of Investor Shares is calculated as follows:

 

Offering Price Per Share = (100% ÷ (100% - maximum sales charge) of net asset value adjusted to the nearest cent) per share

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REDEMPTION IN KIND

 

The Funds intend to redeem shares in cash. However, if the amount you are redeeming is over the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of a Fund’s NAV, the Funds have the right to redeem your shares by giving you the amount that exceeds the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of a Fund’s NAV in securities instead of cash, which is referred to as a “redemption in kind.” In the event that a redemption in kind is made, a shareholder may incur additional expenses, such as the payment of brokerage commissions, on the sale or other disposition of the securities received from the Fund. 

 

The Funds typically expect to satisfy redemption requests by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents or selling portfolio assets. On a less regular basis, and if the Adviser believes it is in the best interest of a Fund and its shareholders not to sell portfolio assets, the Fund may satisfy redemption requests by using short-term borrowing from the Fund’s custodian. These methods normally will be used during both regular and stressed market conditions. In addition to paying redemption proceeds in cash, the Funds reserve the right to make redemptions via redemptions in kind (by exchanging shares for securities rather than cash). Redemptions in kind will be made only under extraordinary circumstances and if the Funds deem it advisable for the benefit of all shareholders, such as a very large redemption that could affect Fund operations (for example, more than 1% of a Fund’s net assets). A redemption in kind will consist of securities equal in market value to the Fund shares being redeemed, using the same valuation procedures that the Funds use to compute its respective NAV. Pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, redemption in kind transactions will typically be made by delivering readily marketable securities to the redeeming shareholder within 7 days after a Fund’s receipt of the redemption order in proper form. Marketable securities are assets that are regularly traded or where updated price quotations are available. Illiquid securities are investments that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Certain illiquid securities may be valued using estimated prices from one of the Trust’s approved pricing agents. If a Fund redeems your shares in kind, it will value the securities pursuant to the policies and procedures adopted by the Board. You will bear the market risks associated with maintaining or selling the securities that are transferred as redemption proceeds. In addition, when you sell these securities, you will pay taxes and brokerage charges associated with selling the securities. 

 

Redemption proceeds sent by check by the Funds and not cashed within 180 days will be reinvested in the applicable Fund at the then current day’s NAV. Redemption proceeds that are reinvested are subject to the risk of loss like any other investment in the Funds. Because the Funds incur certain fixed costs in maintaining shareholder accounts, the Funds may require you to redeem all of your shares in a Fund on 30 days’ written notice if the value of your shares in the Fund is less than $1,000 due to redemptions, or such other minimum amount as the Funds may determine from time to time. You may increase the value of your shares in the Funds to the minimum amount within the 30 day period. All shares of a Fund also are subject to involuntary redemption if the Board determines to liquidate the Fund. In such event, the Fund will provide notice to shareholders, but the Fund will not be required to obtain shareholder approval prior to such liquidation. An involuntary liquidation will create a capital gain or capital loss, which may have tax consequences about which you should consult your tax adviser.

 

TAXATION

 

The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of investment in the Funds is based on the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authority, as of the date of this SAI. These authorities are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, possibly with retroactive effect. The following discussion is only a summary of some of the important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. There may be other tax considerations applicable to particular shareholders. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding their particular situation and the possible application of federal, state, local or non-U.S. tax laws.

 

Taxation of the Funds

 

The Funds have elected (or, in the case of a new Fund, intends to elect) to be treated and intends to qualify and be treated each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Funds generally must, among other things:

 

(a)derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, and (ii) net income from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below);

 

(b)diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and

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(c)distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid—generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income, for such year.

 

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Code section 7704(c)(2). In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.

 

If a Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income distributed in a timely manner to its shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If a Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification or distribution tests described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions or disposing of certain assets. If a Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or if a Fund were otherwise to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment for such year, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long- term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, that the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Fund’s shares (as described below). In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

As a regulated investment company, the Funds generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their respective investment company taxable income and net capital gains (that is, any net long-term capital gains in excess of the sum of net short-term capital losses, in each case determined with reference to any capital loss carryovers from prior years) properly reported by each Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”), if any, that it distributes to shareholders on a timely basis. Each Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction), its net tax- exempt income and any net capital gains. Investment company taxable income that is retained by the Funds will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates. Each Fund may also retain for investment its net capital gain. If a Fund retains any net capital gain, it will be subject to tax at the regular corporate rates on the amount retained, but it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice mailed within 60 days of the close of the Fund’s taxable year to its shareholders who, in turn, (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount, and (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on properly-filed U.S. tax returns to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If a Fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal under current law to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income, under clause (i) of the preceding sentence, and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. A Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that a Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

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In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a capital gain dividend, its taxable income and its earnings and profits, the Funds may elect to treat any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year. As of September 30, 2018, the Small-Cap Equity Fund had available for tax purposes an unused capital loss carryforward of $__________ of short-term capital losses with no expiration, which is available to offset against future taxable net capital gains. As of September 30, 2018, the Small-Cap Growth Fund had available for tax purposes an unused capital loss carryforward of $__________ of short-term capital losses with no expiration, which is available to offset against future taxable net capital gains. As of September 30, 2018, the Mid-Cap Value Fund had available for tax purposes an unused capital loss carryforward of $__________ of short-term capital losses with no expiration, which is available to offset against future taxable net capital gains. To the extent that this carryforward is used to offset future gains, it is probable that the amount offset will not be distributed to shareholders.

 

If any Fund fails to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year (or a later date, if the Fund is eligible to elect and so elects), plus any retained amount for the prior year, the Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For these purposes, ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would be properly taken into account after October 31 (or a later date, if the Fund makes the election referred to above) are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. For purposes of the excise tax, the Funds will be treated as having distributed any amount on which each has been subject to corporate income tax in the taxable year ending within the calendar year. A dividend paid to shareholders in January of a year generally is deemed to have been paid on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend is declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year. The Funds intend generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although there can be no assurance that each Fund will be able to do so.

 

Fund Distributions

 

Shareholders subject to U.S. federal income tax will be subject to tax on dividends received from the Funds, regardless of whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Such distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. Distributions received by tax-exempt shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent permitted under applicable tax law.

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Taxes to shareholders on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a Fund owned (and is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having owned) the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. In general, the Funds will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments each Fund has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments each Fund has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Tax rules can alter a Fund’s holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss on such investments. Distributions of Capital Gain Dividends generally will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. Distributions of short-term capital gains (as reduced by any long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to each shareholder early in the succeeding year.

 

The ultimate tax characterization of each Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot finally be determined until after the end of that taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that a Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s “current and accumulated earnings and profits” (generally, the net investment income and net capital gains of the Fund with respect to that year), in which case the excess generally will be treated as a return of capital, which will be tax-free to the holders of the shares, up to the amount of the shareholder’s tax basis in the applicable shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such shares.

 

To the extent that each Fund has capital loss carryforwards from prior tax years, those carryforwards will reduce the net capital gains that can support the Fund’s distribution of Capital Gain Dividends. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains. If the Funds incur or have incurred net capital losses in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (“post-2010 losses”), those losses will be carried forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration; any such carryforward losses will retain their character as short-term or long-term.

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“Qualified dividend income” received by an individual will be taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend-paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. In general, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level) (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a PFIC.

 

In general, distributions of investment income reported by the Funds as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual, provided both the shareholder and the Fund meet the holding period and other requirements described above. If the aggregate qualified dividends received by a Fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income (excluding net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), then 100% of the Fund’s dividends (other than Capital Gain Dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income.

 

In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of a Fund will qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year. A dividend received by a Fund will not be treated as a dividend eligible for the dividends-received deduction (1) if it has been received with respect to any share of stock that the Fund has held for less than 46 days (91 days in the case of certain preferred stock) during the 91-day period beginning on the date which is 45 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date in the case of certain preferred stock) or (2) to the extent that the Fund is under an obligation (pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Moreover, the dividends-received deduction may otherwise be disallowed or reduced (1) if the corporate shareholder fails to satisfy the foregoing requirements with respect to its shares of the Fund or (2) by application of various provisions of the Code (for instance, the dividends-received deduction is reduced in the case of a dividend received on debt-financed portfolio stock (generally, stock acquired with borrowed funds)).

 

Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by such Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

 

Section 1411 of the Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by a Fund of net investment income and capital gains as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Funds.

 

Taxable shareholders should note that the timing of their investment or redemptions could have undesirable tax consequences. Dividends and distributions on shares of the Funds are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed each Fund’s realized income and gains (“current and accumulated earnings and profits”), even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the net asset value of a Fund reflects either unrealized gains, or realized undistributed income or gains that were therefore included in the price the shareholder paid. Such realized income or gains may be required to be distributed regardless of whether a Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses. Such distributions may reduce the fair market value of a Fund’s shares below the shareholder’s cost basis in those shares.

 

If a Fund holds, directly or indirectly, one or more “tax credit bonds” on one or more applicable dates during a taxable year, it is possible that the Fund will elect to permit its shareholders to claim a tax credit on their income tax returns equal to each shareholder’s proportionate share of tax credits from the applicable bonds that otherwise would be allowed to the Fund. In such a case, a shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution of money with respect to its Fund shares equal to the shareholder’s proportionate share of the amount of such credits and be allowed a credit against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability equal to the amount of such deemed distribution, subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code on the credits involved. Even if a Fund is eligible to pass through tax credits to shareholders, the Fund may choose not to do so.

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Sale, Exchange or Redemption of Shares

 

The sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Funds may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any Capital Gain Dividends received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to those shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares will be disallowed under the Code’s “wash-sale” rule if other substantially identical shares of a Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

Upon the sale, exchange or redemption of Fund shares, the Funds or, in the case of shares purchased through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary may be required to provide you and the IRS with cost basis and certain other related tax information about the Fund shares you sold, exchanged or redeemed. See “Cost Basis Reporting” in the Funds’ Prospectus for more information.

 

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts, Swap Agreements, Hedges, Straddles and Other Transactions

 

In general, option premiums received by the Funds are not immediately included in the income of each Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized (i) when the option contract expires, (ii) the option is exercised by the holder, or (iii) the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by a Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by a Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of a Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received. As a result of these and other special tax rules generally applicable to each Fund’s options transactions, if any, such transactions could cause a substantial portion of each Fund’s income to consist of net short-term capital gains, which, when distributed, are treated and taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

Certain covered call writing activities of the Funds may trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to “substantially similar or related property,” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or fail to qualify for the 70% dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

 

The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Funds, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 Contracts”). Gains or losses on Section 1256 Contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, Section 1256 Contracts held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

 

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, each Fund’s transactions in other derivative instruments (e.g. forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its other hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by each Fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to each Fund, defer losses to each Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of each Fund’s securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether each Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a Fund-level tax. Each Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections and make appropriate entries in its books and records in order to mitigate the effect of these rules.

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Each Fund’s direct investments in commodities and use of commodity-linked derivatives can be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and can bear on the Fund’s ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity- linked derivatives does not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. The tax treatment of certain other commodity-linked instruments in which each Fund might invest, including ETNs and certain structured notes, is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company. If a Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level.

 

To the extent that, in order to achieve exposure to commodities, the Funds invest in entities that are treated as pass-through vehicles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including, for instance, certain ETFs (e.g., ETFs investing in gold bullion) and partnerships other than qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined earlier), all or a portion of any income and gains from such entities could constitute non-qualifying income to that Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described above. In such a case, a Fund’s investments in such entities could be limited by its intention to qualify as a regulated investment company and could bear on its ability to so qualify. Certain commodities-related ETFs may qualify as qualified publicly traded partnerships. In such cases, the net income derived from such investments will constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement. If, however, such a vehicle were to fail to qualify as a qualified publicly traded partnership in a particular year, a portion of the gross income derived from it in such year could constitute non-qualifying income to a Fund for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement and thus could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a regulated investment company for a particular year. In addition, the diversification requirement described above for regulated investment company qualification will limit each Fund’s investments in one or more vehicles that are qualified publicly traded partnerships to 25% of the Fund’s total assets as of the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year.

 

Certain of a Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and in foreign-currency denominated instruments, and any of a Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between the Fund’s book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If a Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid a Fund-level tax. If, in the alternative, a Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution (if any) of such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

 

Original Issue Discount, Pay-In-Kind Securities, Market Discount and Commodity-Linked Notes

 

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and all zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in a Fund’s taxable income (and required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time (i.e., upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security) or is received in kind rather than in cash. Increases in the principal amount of inflation-indexed bonds will also be treated as OID.

 

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by a Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt obligation. Alternatively, a Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in a Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects. In the case of higher-risk securities, the amount of market discount may be unclear. See “Higher-Risk Securities.”

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Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price), or OID in the case of certain types of debt obligations. The Funds will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income (as ordinary income) over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The Funds may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt obligations having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

In addition, payment-in-kind securities will, and commodity-linked notes may, give rise to income that is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

 

A Fund that holds the foregoing kinds of securities may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or if necessary by liquidation of portfolio securities (including when it is not advantageous to do so). A Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event a Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Securities Purchased at a Premium

 

Very generally, where a Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity (i.e., a premium), the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if a Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax- exempt bond, tax rules require such a Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.

 

Issuer Deductibility of Interest

 

A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Funds may not be deductible to (and thus, may affect the cash flow of) the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Funds may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend portion of such accrued interest.

 

Interest paid on debt obligations owned by the Funds, if any, that are considered for U.S. tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not be deductible to the issuer, possibly affecting the cash flow of the issuer.

 

Certain Investments in REITs and Mortgage-Related Securities

 

The Funds may invest in REITs. Each Fund’s investments in REIT equity securities may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes such amounts, such distribution could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities may also require the Funds to accrue and to distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, a Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Funds from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.

 

The Funds may invest directly or indirectly in residual interests of real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) (including by investing in residual interests in collateralized mortgage securities (“CMOs”) with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of each Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that “excess inclusion income” of a regulated investment company, such as a Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, a Fund investing in such interests may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts, as noted below.

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In general, “excess inclusion income” allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities subject to tax on unrelated business income (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity), thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income and otherwise might not be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, to file such a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax (discussed below). A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders

 

Income of a regulated investment company that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of a regulated investment company. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could recognize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). Furthermore, a tax-exempt shareholder may recognize UBTI if a Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund’s investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).

 

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”) that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, a CRT (as defined in section 664 of the Code) that realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, must pay an excise tax annually of an amount equal to such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a Fund that recognizes “excess inclusion income.” Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a Fund that recognizes “excess inclusion income,” then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax on that portion of its “excess inclusion income” for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. The Fund has not yet determined whether such an election will be made.

 

CRTs and other tax-exempt shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Funds.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

Investments treated as equity for federal income tax purposes in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could potentially subject the Funds to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge (including interest charges) on the distributions received from the PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the PFIC. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Funds may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, if a Fund is in a position to and elects to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (i.e., make a “QEF election”), the Fund will be required to include its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the PFIC. Alternatively, a Fund may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require a Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.”

 

It is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, and the Funds may therefore incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances.

 

A PFIC is any foreign corporation: (i) 75% or more of the gross income of which for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets of which (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce or are held for the production of passive income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include rents and royalties received by the foreign corporation from active business and certain income received from related persons.

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Foreign Currency Transactions

 

Each Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Such ordinary income treatment may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Funds to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years. 

 

Foreign Taxation

 

Income received by the Funds from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes.

 

Backup Withholding

 

The Funds generally are required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder (i) who fails to properly furnish the Funds with a correct taxpayer identification number, (ii) who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or (iii) who fails to certify to the Funds that he or she is not subject to such withholding. The backup withholding tax rate is 28%.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS. 

 

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations

 

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to each Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Shareholder Reporting Obligations With Respect To Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts

 

Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of a Fund by vote or value could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts. Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Funds through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements

 

Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require the Funds to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”). If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Funds may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends, it pays after June 30, 2014 (or, in certain cases, after later dates), and 30% of the gross proceeds of share redemptions or exchanges and certain capital gain dividends it pays after December 31, 2016. If a payment by the Funds is subject to FATCA withholding, the Funds are required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., Capital Gain Dividends). Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

Shares Purchased through Tax-Qualified Plans

 

Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans, and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

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CUSTODIAN

 

Huntington National Bank, 41 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, is custodian of each Fund’s investments. The custodian acts as each Fund’s depository, safekeeps each Fund’s portfolio securities, collects all income and other payments with respect thereto, disburses funds at each Fund’s request and maintains records in connection with its duties.

 

For its custodial services, the custodian receives a monthly fee from each Fund based on the market value of the assets under custody, subject to minimum annual fees per account. The custodian also receives asset-based administration and safekeeping fees for securities custodied outside the U.S. as well as various transaction-based fees.

 

TRANSFER AGENT, FUND ACCOUNTING AGENT, AND ADMINISTRATOR

 

Under the terms of a Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Trust and Huntington Asset Services, Inc., (n/k/a Ultimus Asset Services, LLC), Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246, serves as Transfer Agent and shareholder services agent, fund accounting agent, and administrator for the Funds. Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC, the Distributor, were acquired by and became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on December 31, 2015.

 

As transfer agent and shareholder services agent, Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, (“Ultimus”) maintains the records of each shareholder’s account, answers shareholders’ inquiries concerning their accounts, processes purchases and redemptions of each Fund’s shares, acts as dividend and distribution disbursing agent and performs other shareholder service functions. As fund accounting agent, Ultimus calculates the daily net asset value per share and maintains the financial books and records of the Funds. As administrative services agent for the Trust, Ultimus supplies non-investment related administrative and compliance services for the Funds. Ultimus prepares tax returns, reports to shareholders, reports to and filings with the SEC and state securities commissions, and materials for meetings of the Board.

 

For its transfer agency services to the Funds, Ultimus receives a yearly fixed amount per shareholder account, subject to yearly minimum fees per portfolio and/or share class. For its compliance consulting services to the Funds, Ultimus receives a yearly fixed fee per Fund. Ultimus is also entitled to receive additional amounts that may be activity or time-based charges, account/transaction fees related to the administration of the Trust’s Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program plus reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses. For its administration and fund accounting services to the Funds, Ultimus receives a monthly fee based, in part, on a sliding scale calculated according to the average daily net assets of each Fund (subject to minimum annual fees per Fund share class). In addition, the Funds pay Ultimus’ out-of-pocket expenses including, but not limited to, literature fulfillment services; statement, confirmation and tax form production; record storage, telephone and mailing charges, bank fees; special reports; and edgarization fees.

 

The following table provides information regarding transfer agent, fund accounting and fund administration services fees paid by the Funds during the fiscal periods indicated. As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, no information regarding transfer agent, fund accounting and fund administration services fees is reported for those Funds. As the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund did not commence operations until December, 2017, no information regarding transfer agent, fund accounting and fund administration services fees is presented for those funds for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

 

Small-Cap Equity Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Fees Paid for Transfer Agent Services Fees Paid for Fund Accounting Services Fees Paid for Fund Administration Services
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______(1) $_______(1)
September 30, 2017 $24,853 $36,831 $69,873
September 30, 2016 $18,945 $25,889 $$29,327

 

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Administrator $_______for such services.

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Small-Cap Growth Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Fees Paid for Transfer Agent Services Fees Paid for Fund Accounting Services Fees Paid for Fund Administration Services
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______(1) $_______(1)

  

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Administrator $_______for such services.

 

Mid-Cap Value Fund:

 

Fiscal Period Ended Fees Paid for Transfer Agent Services Fees Paid for Fund Accounting Services Fees Paid for Fund Administration Services
September 30, 2018 $_______(1) $_______(1) $_______(1)

 

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Fund owed the Administrator $_______for such services.

  

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The firm of______________, has been selected as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for the Funds for its fiscal year ending September 30, 2019. ____________provides audit services, tax return preparation and assistance, and audit-related services in connection with certain SEC filings.

 

DISTRIBUTOR

 

Unified Financial Securities, LLC, 9465 Counselors Row, Suite 200, Indianapolis, IN 46240, is the exclusive agent for distribution of shares of the Funds. Certain officers of the Trust also are officers of the Distributor. As a result, such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the Distributor.

 

The Distributor is obligated to sell the shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis only against purchase orders for the shares. Shares of the Funds are offered to the public on a continuous basis.

 

Distribution Plan – Investor Shares

 

The Funds have adopted a plan under Rule 12b-1 of the 1940 Act, as amended, that allows each Fund’s Investor Shares to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its shares and for shareholder services provided its shareholders (the “12b-1 Plan”). The 12b-1 Plan will continue in effect from year to year, provided that each such continuance is approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, including a majority vote of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such continuance.

 

Under the 12b-1 Plan, the Investor Shares of each Fund pays an aggregate fee to the Distributor, the Adviser or other financial institutions of up to 0.25% of the Investor Shares’ average daily net assets for the promotion and distribution of each Fund’s Investor Shares and/or the provision of shareholder services to the Investor Shares shareholders. These services include, but are not necessarily limited to, advertising, compensation to underwriters, dealers and selling personnel, the printing and mailing of prospectuses to other than current shareholders of Investor Shares, the printing and mailing of sales literature and servicing shareholder accounts (“12b-1 Services”). Because these fees are an ongoing expense, over time they reduce the net investment results of the Investor Shares of the Fund and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. Mr. Dorsey may be deemed to have an interest in the operations of the 12b-1 Plan as a Principal of the Distributor.

 

The 12b-1 Plan is a compensation plan, which means that compensation is provided regardless of whether 12b-1 Services are actually performed. Accordingly, the expenses for 12b-1 Services for the Investor Shares of each Fund may be less than fees paid out by the class under the 12b-1 Plan.

 

The Trustees expect that the 12b-1 Plan will significantly enhance the Funds’ ability to expand distribution of the Investor Shares of the Funds. It is also anticipated that an increase in the size of the Funds will facilitate more efficient portfolio management and assist the Funds in seeking to achieve their respective investment objective.

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The chart below indicates the 12b-1 fees paid by the Funds for the fiscal year indicated. *As the Small-Cap Growth Fund and Mid-Cap Value Fund have not yet commenced operations, 12b-1 fees paid are not reported. As the Unconstrained Equity Fund, the Small–Mid Core Equity Fund, and Micro-Cap Equity Fund have not yet commenced operations, 12b-1 fees paid are not reported for those Funds. As the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund did not commence operations until December, 2017, 12b-1 fees paid are not reported for those Funds for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016.

 

Total 12b-1 Fees Paid to Distributor

 

Fund

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2018

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017

Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2016

Small-Cap Equity Fund $_______(1) $73,577 $6,824 )
Small-Cap Growth Fund $_______(1) * *
Mid-Cap Value Fund $_______(1) * *
Unconstrained Equity * * *
Small–Mid Core Equity Fund * * *
Micro-Cap Equity Fund * * *

 

 

(1)At September 30, 2018, the Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Small-Cap Growth Fund, and the Mid-Cap Value Fund owed the Distributor $______, $______, and $______, respectively for Investor Shares 12b-1 expenses.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES

 

The Trust and the Adviser each have adopted proxy voting policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in shareholders’ best interests. As a brief summary, the Trust’s policy delegates responsibility regarding proxy voting to the Adviser. In each case, proxies will be voted in accordance with the Adviser’s proxy voting policy, subject to the supervision of the Board.

 

The Trust’s policy provides that if a proxy proposal raises a material conflict of interest between the interests of the Adviser, the Trust’s principal underwriter, or an affiliated person of the Funds, the Adviser or a principal underwriter and that of the Funds (a “Conflict”), the Adviser shall resolve such conflict by: (1) voting the proxy consistent with a pre-determined voting policy for various types of proposals (“Pre-Determined Voting Policy”) if the Adviser has little or no discretion to deviate from such policy with respect to the proposal in question; or (2) disclosing the conflict to the Board and obtain the Board’s consent to the proposed vote prior to voting on such proposal if the Adviser has discretion to deviate from its Pre-Determined Voting Policy or does not maintain a Pre-Determined Voting Policy. Under the policy, the Board may vote a proxy subject to a Conflict disclosed by the Adviser based on the recommendation of an independent third party.

 

As a fiduciary, the Adviser’s general policy is to exercise the voting authority delegated to it by its clients in a manner that will maintain or enhance shareholder value of the companies in which the Adviser has invested its client assets.

 

The Adviser votes the proxies for the securities held in its client portfolios in accordance with its written proxy voting policy which has been constructed with the clients’ best interest in mind. Generally, the Adviser approves (or follows management recommendations) in routine corporate matters such as the selection of directors or auditors, in issues involving an increase in the authorized shares where needed for clearly defined business purposes, and in social issues. Generally, the Adviser opposes (in some cases against management recommendations) the indemnification of directors and/or officers where such indemnification includes “negligence and gross negligence” in the performance of their fiduciary duties, super-majority voting requirements, anti-takeover proposals which restrict shareholder authority, increases in authorized shares of more than 25% without a stated business purpose, changes in corporate charter that do not have a clearly stated business purpose, provisions for multi-tiered voting rights, authorizations of “blank check” preferred stock or other capital stock without a stated business purpose, “shareholder rights” provisions which tend to diminish rather than enhance shareholder power, “anti-greenmail” provisions which also restrict shareholder authority, and staggered boards of directors. The Adviser may evaluate other proposals, corporate combinations and divestments, shareholder proposals, and profit sharing and stock options plans on a case-by-case basis.

 

The Adviser has contracted with Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) to collect proxy information from companies and to vote proxies according to its instructions. ISS also provides proxy recommendations and corporate governance ratings to the Adviser that it may or may not follow. For client accounts with a large number of holdings, the Adviser may generally follow the proxy recommendations of ISS.

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Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Adviser’s interests and a client’s interests, the Adviser will rely on the recommendation of ISS to vote the proxy.

 

Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 888-912-4562; and (2) on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The Small-Cap Equity Fund is a continuation of the Predecessor Fund and, therefore, the Fund’s financial information includes results of the Predecessor Fund. The Predecessor Fund commenced operations on September 8, 2011. The shareholders of the Predecessor Fund approved the reorganization into the Fund on October 21, 2015 and the reorganization commenced on October 23, 2015. The audited financial statements of the Small-Cap Equity Fund for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2018, September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 and of the Predecessor Fund for the fiscal periods ended September 30, 2015, and November 30, 2014 and 2013, including the financial highlights appearing in the Annual Report to shareholders, have been adopted by the Small-Cap Equity Fund and are incorporated by reference and made a part of this document. [The audited financial statements of the Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2018 have been adopted by Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Mid-Cap Value Fund respectively and are incorporated by reference and made a part of this document.] You can obtain a copy of the Annual Report without charge by calling Shareholder Services at 888-912-4562 or upon written request to:

 

Ultimus Asset Services, LLC 

P.O. Box 46707 

Cincinnati, Ohio 45246-0707 

888-912-4562

 

Financial statements of the Unconstrained Equity Fund, Small-Mid Core Equity Fund and Micro-Cap Equity Fund are not available because the Funds have not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(a)(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust (“Trust Instrument”) as filed with the State of Ohio on September 27, 2013 (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A on October 1, 2013.)
   
(a)(2) Amendment No. 1 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio on November 13, 2013 (“Amendment No. 1”) (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(a)(3) Amendment No. 2 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio on December 2, 2013 (“Amendment  No. 2”) (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1  on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(a)(4) Amendment No. 3 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(a)(5) Amendment No. 4 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on October 13, 2015.)
   
(a)(6) Amendment No. 5 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on October 13, 2015.)
   

(a)(7)

 

Amendment No. 6 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(a)(8) Amendment No. 7 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 on August 26, 2016.)
   
(a)(9) Amendment No. 8 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(a)(10) Amendment No. 9 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(a)(11) Amendment No. 10 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 on June 4, 2018.)
   
(a)(12) Amendment No. 11 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – to be filed by amendment
   
(a)(13) Amendment No. 12 to Trust Instrument as filed with the State of Ohio – to be filed by amendment
   
(b)(1) By-Laws adopted as of September 18, 2013 (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Initial Registration Statement on Form N-1A on October 1, 2013.)
   
(b)(2) Amendment No. 1 to By-Laws adopted as of November 18, 2013 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 on December 27, 2017.)
   
(b)(3) Amendment No. 2 to By-Laws adopted as of June 16, 2016 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 on August 26, 2016.)
   
(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Shareholders – incorporated by reference to the Trust Instrument, Amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2, the By-Laws and Amendment No.1 to the By-Laws.
   
(d)(1) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund, and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)

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Item 28. Exhibits
(d)(2) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of First Security Municipal Bond Fund, and First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(d)(3) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(d)(4) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Preserver Partners, LLC, on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(d)(5) Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement between Preserver Partners, LLC and Semper Capital Management, L.P., on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(d)(6) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Canterbury Investment Management, LLC, on behalf of the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(d)(7) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Hedeker Wealth LLC on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(d)(8) Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(d)(8) Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(d)(9) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Reynders McVeigh Core Equity Fund and Reynders McVeigh Capital Management, LLC dated [December 1, 2018] – to be filed by amendment.
   
(d)(10) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Alta Quality Growth Fund and Alta Capital Management, LLC dated [December 19, 2018] – to be filed by amendment.
   
(d)(11) Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. dated [] – to be filed by amendment.
   
(e)(1) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, Inc. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)

2

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(e)(2) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the First Security Municipal Bond Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(e)(3) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(e)(4) Form of Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Unified Financial Securities, Inc., on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(e)(5) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(e)(6) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the First Security Municipal Bond Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(e)(7) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(e)(8) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(e)(9) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund, and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(e)(10) Form of Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund, and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(e)(11) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(e)(12) Second Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(e)(13) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC on behalf of the Reynders McVeigh Core Equity Fund dated [December 1, 2018] – to be filed by amendment.
   
(e)(14) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, Alta Capital Capital Management, LLC and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC on behalf of the Alta Quality Growth Fund dated [December 19, 2018] – to be filed by amendment.

3

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(e)(15) Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. and Unified Financial Securities, LLC dated [] – to be filed by amendment.
   
(f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts – not applicable.
   
(g)(1) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Huntington National Bank, on behalf of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund,  (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(g)(2) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(g)(3) Form of Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(g)(4) Form of Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(g)(5) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(g)(6) Form of Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(g)(7) Amended Appendix B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(g)(8) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Reynders, McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(g)(9) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank, on behalf of the Alta Quality Growth Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(g)(10) Amended Appendix B to the Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the Huntington National Bank on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(1) Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Huntington Asset Services, Inc., on behalf of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund,  (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)

4

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(h)(2) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. with respect to Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(h)(3) Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Huntington Asset Services, Inc., on behalf of First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(h)(4) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. with respect to First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(h)(5) Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Huntington Asset Services, Inc., on behalf of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(h)(6) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. with respect to Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(h)(7) Form of Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Huntington Asset Services, Inc., on behalf of the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(h)(8) Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Preserver Partners, LLC with respect to the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(h)(9) Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. with respect to Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 on December 23, 2015.)
   
(h)(10) Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, on behalf of the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(h)(11) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Canterbury Investment Management, LLC with respect to the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(h)(12) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and First Security Fund Advisors, Inc. with respect to the First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 on August 26, 2016.)
   
(h)(13) Master Services Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(h)(14) Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Hedeker Wealth LLC, with respect to the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(h)(15) Form of Compliance Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)

5

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(h)(16) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. with respect to Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(h)(17) Amended and Restated Administrative Services Plan on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(h)(18) Form of Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. with respect to the Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 on December 29, 2016.)
   
(h)(19) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and First Security Fund Advisors, Inc. with respect to the First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 on August 25, 2017.)
   
(h)(20) First Amendment dated October 1, 2017 to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(21) Letter Agreement dated November 9, 2017 between the Registrant, Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Funds – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(22) First Amendment dated October 1, 2017 to the Compliance Consulting Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(23) Amended and Restated Administrative Services Plan dated December 20, 2017 on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(24) Expense Limitation Agreement effective December 20, 2017 between the Registrant and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. with respect to Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(25) Second Amendment dated December 14, 2017 to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(h)(26) Second Amendment dated December 14, 2017 to the Compliance Consulting Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)

6

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(h)(27) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Preserver Partners, LLC with respect to the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 on December 28, 2017.)
   
(h)(28) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. with respect to the Meritage Growth Equity Fund, the Meritage Value Equity Fund and the Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 on December 29, 2017.)
   
(h)(29) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. with respect to the Meritage Growth Equity Fund, the Meritage Value Equity Fund and the Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 on June 4, 2018.)
   
(h)(30) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Canterbury Investment Management, LLC with respect to the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 on August 27, 2018.)
   
(h)(31) Amendment to Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC on behalf of the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund dated June 14, 2018 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 on August 27, 2018.)
   
(h)(32) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. with respect to the First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by referenced as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 on August 27, 2018.)
   
(h)(33) Amendment to Mutual Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC on behalf of the First Security Municipal Bond Fund dated June 14, 2018 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by referenced as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 on August 27, 2018.)
   
(h)(34) Administrative Services Plan dated [September 19, 2018] on behalf of the Reynders McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(35) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC with respect to the Reynders, McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(36) Amendment dated [December 1, 2018] to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Reynders, McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(37) Amendment dated [December 1, 2018] to the Compliance Consulting Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Reynders, McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(38) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and Alta Capital Capital Management, LLC with respect to the Alta Quality Growth Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(39) Amendment dated [December 19, 2018] to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Alta Quality Growth Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(40) Amendment dated [December 19, 2018] to the Compliance Consulting Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Alta Quality Growth Fund – to be filed by amendment.

7

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(h)(41) Amended and Restated Administrative Services Plan dated [December 19, 2018] on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(42) Expense Limitation Agreement effective [December 19, 2018] between the Registrant and Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. with respect to the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(43) Amendment dated [December 19, 2018] to the Master Services Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(h)(44) Amendment dated [December 19, 2018] to the Compliance Consulting Agreement dated December 21, 2016 between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(i)(1) Opinion and Consent of Counsel by Bernstein, Shur, Sawyer & Nelson, P.A. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(i)(2) Opinion and Consent of Counsel by Bernstein, Shur, Sawyer & Nelson, P.A. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(i)(3) Opinion of Keating, Muething & Klekamp PLL as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on October 13, 2015.)
   
(i)(4) Opinion of Keating, Muething & Klekamp PLL as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(i)(5) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(i)(6) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Hedeker Strategic Appreciation Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(i)(7) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)

8

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(i)(8) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Reynders, McVeigh Core Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(i)(9) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Alta Quality Growth Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(i)(10) Opinion of counsel as to the legality of the securities registered with regard to the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(j)(1) Consent of independent registered public accounting firm – to be filed by amendment.
   
(j)(2) Consent of Ashland Partners and Company, LLP – to be filed by amendment.
   
(j)(3) Consent of ACA Performance Services, LLC – to be filed by amendment.
   
(k) Omitted Financial Statements – not applicable.
   
(l) Subscription Agreement (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(m)(1) Rule 12b-1 Plan for Investor Shares of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(m)(2) Rule 12b-1 Plan for A Shares of First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(m)(3) Rule 12b-1 Plan for A Shares of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(m)(4) Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan for Retail Shares of Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(m)(5) Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan for Investor Shares of Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(m)(6) Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan for A Shares of First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(m)(7) Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan for A Shares of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)
   
(m)(8) Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan for Retail Shares of Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 on January 27, 2016.)

9

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(m)(9) Rule 12b-1 Plan for Investor Shares of Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(m)(10) Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan for Investor Shares of Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(m)(11) Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan dated December 20, 2017 for Investor Shares of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(m)(12) Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan dated [December 19, 2018] for A Shares, C Shares and Investor Shares of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(n)(1) Rule 18f-3 Plan for Meritage Growth Equity Fund, Meritage Value Equity Fund, and Meritage Yield-Focus Equity Fund (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(n)(2) Rule 18f-3 Plan for First Security Municipal Bond Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(n)(3) Rule 18f-3 Plan for Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Core Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 on Form N-14/A on September 18, 2015.)
   
(n)(4) Rule 18f-3 Plan for Preserver Alternative Opportunities Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(n)(5) Rule 18f-3 Plan for Canterbury Portfolio Thermostat Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(n)(6) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan for Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(n)(7) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan dated December 20, 2017 for the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund and the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(n)(8) Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Plan dated [December 19, 2018] for the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund – to be filed by amendment.
   
(o) Reserved.
   
(p)(1) Code of Ethics for the Registrant (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(p)(2) Code of Ethics of Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)

10

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(p)(3) Code of Ethics of Unified Financial Securities, Inc. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(p)(4) Code of Ethics of First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(p)(5) Code of Ethics of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on October 13, 2015.)
   
(p)(6) Code of Ethics of Preserver Partners, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(p)(7) Code of Ethics of Semper Capital Management, L.P. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(p)(8) Code of Ethics of Canterbury Investment Management, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(p)(9) Code of Ethics of Hedeker Wealth LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 on December 22, 2016.)
   
(p)(10) Code of Ethics of Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC and Unified Financial Securities, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 on August 25, 2017.)
   
(p)(11) Code of Ethics of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. dated June 2017 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(p)(12) Code of Ethics of Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 on September 25, 2018).
   
(p)(13) Code of Ethics of Alta Capital Management, LLC – to be filed by amendment.
   
(p)(14) Code of Ethics of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. dated September 2018 – filed herewith.
   
(q)(1) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for the Registrant (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(q)(2) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
(q)(3) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 on May 20, 2015.)
   
(q)(3) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures for Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 on October 13, 2015.)
   
(q)(4) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Preserver Partners, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)
   
(q)(5) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Semper Capital Management, L.P. – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on November 9, 2015.)

11

 

Item 28. Exhibits
(q)(6) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Canterbury Investment Management, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 on April 11, 2016.)
   
(q)(7) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Hedeker Wealth LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on January 30, 2017.)
   
(q)(8) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. dated January 2017 – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 on December 20, 2017.)
   
(q)(9) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 on September 25, 2018).
   
(q)(10) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Alta Capital Management, LLC – to be filed by amendment.
   
(q)(11) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures dated January 2018 of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. – filed herewith.
   
I(1) Powers of Attorney for Walter B. Grimm, Mary M. Morrow and R. Jeffrey Young (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 on Form N-1A/A on December 12, 2013.)
   
I(2) Powers of Attorney for Walter B. Grimm, Mary M. Morrow and R. Jeffrey Young – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 on August 26, 2016.)
   
I(3) Powers of Attorney for Robert G. Dorsey, Walter B. Grimm and Mary Madick Morrow – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 on August 25, 2017.)
   
I(4) Powers of Attorney for Robert G. Dorsey, Walter B. Grimm, Mary Madick Morrow, John C. Davis, Lori Kaiser and Janet S. Meeks – (Exhibit incorporated herein by reference as filed to Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 on August 27, 2018.)

 

Item 29.  Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with the Fund

 

No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.

 

Item 30. Indemnification

 

(k)Article VI, Section 6.4 of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, an Ohio business trust, provides that:

 

Indemnification of Trustees, Officers, etc.  Subject to and except as otherwise provided in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the 1940 Act, the Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a “Covered Person”) against all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants’ and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, and except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.

12

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities may be permitted pursuant to Section 17 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for Trustees, Officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission as set forth in Investment Company Act Release No. IC-11330. Therefore, the Registrant undertakes that in addition to complying with the applicable provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or otherwise, in the absence of a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before which the proceeding was brought, that an indemnification payment will not be made unless in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable determination based upon factual review has been made (i) by a majority vote of a quorum of non-party Trustees who are not interested persons of the Registrant or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion that the indemnitee was not liable for an act of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duties. The Registrant further undertakes that advancement of expenses incurred in the defense of a proceeding (upon undertaking for repayment unless it is ultimately determined that indemnification is appropriate) against an officer, trustee, or controlling person of the Registrant will not be made absent the fulfillment of at least one of the following conditions: (i) the indemnitee provides security for his undertaking; (ii) the Registrant is insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances; or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party trustees or independent legal counsel in a written opinion makes a factual determination that there is reason to believe the indemnitee will be entitled to indemnification.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) may be permitted to Trustees, officers, and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, officers, or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suit, or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, officers, or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.

 

(b)       Section 7 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Cap Growth Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Mid-Cap Value Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Unconstrained Equity Fund, Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Small-Mid Core Equity Fund, and Fuller & Thaler Behavioral Micro-Cap Equity Fund provides that:

 

The Adviser shall indemnify the Trust, each Fund and the Trust’s officers, directors, employees, affiliates and agents (each, a “Trust Indemnitee”) for, and shall defend and hold each Trust Indemnitee harmless from, all losses, costs, damages and expenses (including reasonable legal fees) (collectively, the “Losses”) incurred by the Trust Indemnitee and arising from or in connection with the performance of this Agreement or a Subadvisory Agreement and resulting from the Adviser’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, or negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement or a Subadvisory Agreement, the Adviser’s reckless disregard of its duties or obligations under this Agreement or a Subadvisory Agreement, or the breach of its fiduciary duty to the Trust under federal securities laws or state laws; provided, however, no such indemnification shall be required to the extent that the Losses result from the Trust’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, or negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement or the Trust’s reckless disregard of its duties or obligations under this Agreement.

 

The Trust shall indemnify the Adviser, its officers, directors, employees, affiliates and agents (each, an “Adviser Indemnitee”) for, and shall defend and hold each Adviser Indemnitee harmless from all Losses incurred by the Adviser Indemnitee and arising from or in connection with the performance of its duties under this Agreement; provided, however, no such indemnification shall be required to the extent that the Losses result from the Adviser’s bad faith, willful misfeasance, or negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement or a Subadvisory Agreement, the Adviser’s reckless disregard of its duties or obligations under this Agreement or a Subadvisory Agreement, or the Adviser’s breach of its fiduciary duty under federal securities laws and state law.

 

Upon the assertion of a claim for which a party may be required to indemnify an Trust Indemnitee or an Adviser Indemnity (each, an “Indemnitee”), the Indemnitee must promptly notify the indemnifying party of such assertion, and shall keep the indemnifying party advised with respect to all developments concerning such claim. The indemnifying party shall have the option to participate with the Indemnitee in the defense of such claim or to defend against said claim in its own name or in the name of the Indemnitee. The Indemnitee shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the indemnifying party may be required to indemnify it except with the indemnifying party’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; notwithstanding Sections 7(a) and 7(b) hereof, in the event the Indemnitee has not secured such consent from the indemnifying party, the indemnifying party shall have no obligation to indemnify the Indemnitee.

13

 

I          Sections 4.3 through 4.5 of the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Unified Financial Securities, LLC provide that:

 

Trust Indemnification. The Trust will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Distributor, its several officers and directors, and any person who controls the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which any of them may become subject under the 1933 Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses or in any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Trust, or arise out of, or are based upon, information furnished by or on behalf of the Trust filed in any state in order to qualify the Shares under the securities or blue sky laws thereof (“Blue Sky Application”), or arise out of, or are based upon, the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse the Distributor, its several officers and directors, and any person who controls the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by any of them in investigating, defending or preparing to defend any such action, proceeding or claim; provided, however, that the Trust shall not be liable in any case to the extent that such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of, or is based upon, any untrue statement, alleged untrue statement, or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses, any Blue Sky Application or any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Trust in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Trust by, or on behalf of, and with respect to, the Distributor specifically for inclusion therein. In no event shall anything contained herein be so construed as to protect the Distributor against any liability to the Funds or their shareholders to which the Distributor would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

The Trust shall not indemnify any person pursuant to this Section 4.3 unless the court or other body before which the proceeding was brought has rendered a final decision on the merits that such person was not liable by reason of his willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of his duties, or his reckless disregard of obligations and duties, under this Agreement (“disabling conduct”) or, in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable determination (based upon a review of the facts) that such person was not liable by reason of disabling conduct has been made by the vote of a majority of Trustees who are neither “interested persons” of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) nor parties to the proceeding, or in a written opinion by an independent legal counsel retained by the Trust.

 

The Trust shall advance attorneys’ fees and other expenses incurred by any person in defending any claim, demand, action or suit which is the subject of a claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 4.3, so long as such person shall: (i) undertake to repay all such advances unless it is ultimately determined that he is entitled to indemnification hereunder; and (ii) provide security for such undertaking, or the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party Trustees of the Trust (or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion) shall determine based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification hereunder.

 

Distributor’s Indemnification. The Distributor will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Trust, the Trust’s several officers and Trustees and any person who controls the Trust within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which any of them may become subject under the 1933 Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect hereof) arise out of, or are based upon, any breach of its representations and warranties in Section 4.2 hereof, or the willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties under this Agreement or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations under this Agreement, or which arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectuses, any Blue Sky Application or any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Trust, or the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, which statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Trust or any of its several officers and Trustees by, or on behalf of, and with respect to, the Distributor specifically for inclusion therein, and will reimburse the Trust, the Trust’s several officers and Trustees, and any person who controls the Trust within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by any of them in investigating, defending or preparing to defend any such action, proceeding or claim.

14

 

General Indemnity Provisions. No indemnifying party shall be liable under its indemnity agreement contained in Section 4.3 or 4.4 hereof with respect to any claim made against such indemnifying party unless the indemnified party shall have notified the indemnifying party in writing within a reasonable time after the summons or other first legal process giving information of the nature of the claim shall have been served upon the indemnified party (or after the indemnified party shall have received notice of such service on any designated agent), but failure to notify the indemnifying party of any such claim shall not relieve it from any liability which it may otherwise have to the indemnified party. The indemnifying party will be entitled to participate at its own expense in the defense or, if it so elects, to assume the defense of any suit brought to enforce any such liability, and if the indemnifying party elects to assume the defense, such defense shall be conducted by counsel chosen by it and reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. In the event the indemnifying party elects to assume the defense of any such suit and retain such counsel, the indemnified party shall bear the fees and expenses of any additional counsel retained by the indemnified party.

 

(d)   Sections 11.3 through 11.5 of the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC provide that:

 

Each party (the “Indemnifying Party”) agrees to indemnify, defend, and protect the other party, including its trustees or directors, officers, employees, and other agents (collectively, the “Indemnitees”), and shall hold the Indemnitees harmless from and against any actions, suits, claims, losses, damages, liabilities, and reasonable costs, charges, expenses (including attorney fees and investigation expenses) (collectively, “Losses”) arising directly or indirectly out of (1) the Indemnifying Party’s failure to exercise the standard of care set forth above unless such Losses were caused in part by the Indemnitees own willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence; (2) any violation of Applicable Law by the Indemnifying Party or its affiliated persons or agents relating to this Agreement and the activities thereunder; and (3) any material breach by the Indemnifying Party or its affiliated persons or agents of this Agreement.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, the Trust, a Fund, or the Advisor shall indemnify Distributor for Distributor’s Losses arising from circumstances under Section 11.2.A.

 

Upon the assertion of a claim for which either party may be required to indemnify the other, the party seeking indemnification shall promptly notify the other party of such assertion, and shall keep the other party advised with respect to all developments concerning such claim. The party who may be required to indemnify shall have the option to participate with the party seeking indemnification in the defense of such claim or to defend against said claim in its own name or in the name of the other party. The party seeking indemnification shall in no case confess any claim or make any compromise in any case in which the other party may be required to indemnify it except with the other party’s prior written consent.

 

Dealer Agreement Indemnification. Distributor acknowledges and agrees that certain dealers require that Distributor enter into dealer agreements (the “Non-Standard Dealer Agreements”) that contain certain representations, undertakings, and indemnification that are not included in the Distributor’s standard dealer agreement (the “Standard Dealer Agreement”).

 

To the extent that Distributor is requested or required by the Trust to enter into any Non-Standard Dealer Agreement, the Trust shall indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor Indemnitees free and harmless from and against any and all Losses that any Distributor Indemnitee may incur arising out of or relating to (a) the Distributor’s actions or failures to act pursuant to any Non-Standard Dealer Agreement; (b) any representations made by the Distributor in any Non-Standard Dealer Agreement to the extent that the Distributor is not required to make such representations in the Standard Dealer Agreement; or (c) any indemnification provided by the Distributor under a Non-Standard Dealer Agreement to the extent that such indemnification is beyond the indemnification the Distributor provides to intermediaries in the Standard Dealer Agreement. In no event shall anything contained herein be so construed as to protect the Distributor Indemnitees against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which the Distributor Indemnitees would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of Distributor’s obligations or duties under the Non-Standard Dealer Agreement or by reason of Distributor’s reckless disregard of its obligations or duties under the Non-Standard Dealer Agreement.

15

 

The provisions of this Section 11 shall survive termination of this Agreement.

 

Item 31. Business and other Connections of the Investment Adviser

 

The Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration filed by the Adviser (“Form ADV”) with the SEC is incorporated by referenced in response to this item. You may access the Form ADV at the SEC’s at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

 

(a)Unified Financial Securities, LLC and Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC serve as the principal underwriters of the Registrant.

 

Unified Financial Securities, LLC also serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies: Yorktown Funds, Bruce Fund, Inc., HC Capital Trust, Commonwealth International Series Trust, Cross Shore Discovery Fund, Unified Series Trust and Valued Advisers Trust.

 

Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC, 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, also acts as the principal underwriter for the following other open-end investment companies:

 

Williamsburg Investment Trust Schwartz Investment Trust
TFS Capital Investment Trust CM Advisors Family of Funds
Papp Investment Trust Ultimus Managers Trust
AlphaMark Investment Trust The Cutler Trust
Piedmont Investment Trust WST Investment Trust
Chesapeake Investment Trust Eubel Brady & Suttman Mutual Fund Trust
The First Western Funds Trust Centaur Mutual Funds Trust
The Investment House Funds Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc.
Hussman Investment Trust Wilshire Variable Insurance Trust
Oak Associates Funds Peachtree Alternative Strategies Fund
Meehan Mutual Funds, Inc. Conestoga Funds
Unified Series Trust Caldwell & Orkin Funds, Inc.
Valued Advisers Trust FSI Low Beta Absolute Return Fund

 

(b)The officers of Unified Financial Securities, LLC are as follows:

 

(1) Name and  Principal Business Address

(2) Positions and Offices with Distributor (3) Positions and Offices With Registrant
Kevin Guerette1 President None
Karyn Cunningham2 Financial and Operations Principal None
Stephen L. Preston1 Chief Compliance Officer Anti-Money Laundering Officer
     

1The principal business address of this individual is 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246.

2The principal business address of this individual is 9465 Counselors Row, Suite 200, Indianapolis, IN 46240.

16

 

The following list sets forth the directors and executive officers of Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC.

 

Name Position with  Distributor Position with Registrant
Kevin Guerette President None
Robert G. Dorsey Co-CEO/Managing Director Interested Trustee
Mark J. Seger Co-CEO/Managing Director None
Kurt B. Krebs Financial Operations Principal None
Craig J. Hunt Vice President None
Jeffrey Moeller Vice President None
Kristine M. Limbert Vice President None
Stephen L. Preston Chief Compliance Officer Anti-Money Laundering Officer
Douglas K. Jones Vice President None
Nancy Aleshire Vice President None

 

The address of all of the above-named persons is 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, Ohio 45246.

 

(c)Not applicable

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

 

(1)Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC), maintain all records required to be maintained by the Registrant under Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules (“Records”) which relate to the administration, fund accounting, and transfer agency services it provides to the Registrant. Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC are located at 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246.

 

(2)The Huntington National Bank maintains all Records relating to the custodial services it provides to the Registrant. The Huntington National Bank is located at 41 S. High Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215.

 

(3)Unified Financial Securities, LLC maintains all Records relating to the distribution services it provides to the Registrant. Unified Financial Securities, LLC is located at 9465 Counselors Row, Suite 200, Indianapolis, IN 46240.

 

(4)Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Meritage Portfolio Management, Inc. is located at 7500 College Boulevard, Suite 1212, Overland Park, Kansas, 66210.

 

(5)First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. First Security Fund Advisers, Inc. is located at First Security Center, 521 President Clinton Ave., Suite 800, Little Rock, Arkansas 72201.

 

(6)Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. is located at 411 Borel Avenue, Suite 300, San Mateo, CA 94402.

 

(7)PreserverPartners, LLC maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. PreserverPartners, LLC is located at 8700 Trail Lake Drive West, Suite 105, Memphis, Tennessee 38125.

 

(8)Canterbury Investment Management, LLC, maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Canterbury Investment Management, LLC is located at 23 East Cedar Street, Zionsville, Indiana 46077.

17

 

(9)Hedeker Wealth LLC, maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Hedeker Wealth LLC is located at One Overlook Point, Suite 610, Lincolnshire, Illinois 60069.

 

(10)Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC, maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Reynders, McVeigh Capital Management, LLC is located at 121 High Street, 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02110.

 

(11)Alta Capital Management, LLC maintains all Records relating to the advisory services it provides to the Registrant. Alta Capital Management, LLC is located at 6440 South Wasatch Boulevard, Suite 260, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121.

 

(12)Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC maintains all Records relating to the distribution services it provides to the Registrant. Ultimus Fund Distributors, LLC is located at 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246.

 

Item 34. Management Services

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 35. Undertakings

 

Not applicable.

18

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (File No. 333-191495) and the Investment Company Act of 1940 (File No. 811-22895), the Registrant, Capitol Series Trust, has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to the Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Cincinnati and State of Ohio, on the 5th day of October, 2018.

 

  Capitol Series Trust  
  (Registrant)  
     
  /s/ Matthew Beck  
  Matthew Beck  
  Secretary  

  

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the 5th day of October, 2018:

 

     

Signature

 

Title

     

*

  Trustee and Chair
Walter B. Grimm    
     

*

  Trustee
Mary Madick Morrow    
     

*

  Trustee
Robert G. Dorsey    
     
*   Trustee
Lori Kaiser    
     
*   Trustee
Janet S. Meeks    
     
*   Trustee
John C. Davis    
     

/s/ Matthew J. Miller

  President and Chief Executive Officer
Matthew J. Miller    
     

/s/ Zachary P. Richmond

  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Zachary P. Richmond    
     
/s/ Tiffany R. Franklin    

*  By: Tiffany R. Franklin

Power of Attorney

   
     

 

19

 

EXHIBITS

 

(p)(14) Code of Ethics of Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc. dated September 2018
(q)(10) Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures of Alta Capital Management, LLC

 

20

Appendix J

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc.
Code of Ethics

September 2018

 

 

 

To ensure the highest standards of integrity are maintained at all times, to avoid possible conflicts of interest in carrying out our responsibilities to the clients of Fuller & Thaler or to the public, and to avoid violating applicable securities laws, no employee1 may use his or her position, or the knowledge gained from his or her position, in any manner that involves a significant conflict between his or her personal interests and those of Fuller & Thaler or those of any Fuller & Thaler client.

 

Fuller & Thaler is a fiduciary for the accounts it manages. Because of this fiduciary relationship, Fuller & Thaler wants to avoid even the appearance that its employees may have received any improper benefit from information about its clients, account holdings or trading.

 

How to Use This Code of Ethics

 

Each employee must read all sections of this Code of Ethics (“Code”). Note what procedures and reporting are required of you. Please ask the Chief Compliance Officer about any aspect of this Code or how it applies to you that may be unclear.

 

Any reference to Chief Compliance Officer means “Chief Compliance Officer or delegate or, in his or her absence, the President.”

 

Terms in boldface type have special meanings as used in this Code. To understand the Code, you need to read the definitions of these terms. Definitions are listed at the end of the Personal Securities Transactions Policy section. You are expected to return a written acknowledgment to indicate your receipt of this Code and of any amendments to it. Fuller & Thaler will provide each employee with a copy of this Code, any amendments to the Code, and the Code acknowledgement form.

 

Expectation of Compliance With Code of Ethics

 

Fuller & Thaler expects employees to comply with the spirit of the Code, as well as the specific rules contained in the Code. Fuller & Thaler treats violations of this Code (including violations of the spirit of the Code) seriously. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) will also take violations of this Code seriously.

 

Improper personal securities trading activity can constitute a violation of this Code. You can also violate this Code by failing to file required reports, or by making inaccurate or misleading reports or statements concerning trading activity or securities accounts. Your conduct can violate this Code even if client accounts are not harmed by your conduct.

 

 

 

1For the purposes of this Code of Ethics (with the exception of the Personal Securities Transactions Policy), the term employee shall mean “supervised person,” defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, as “any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), or employee of an investment adviser, or other person who provides investment advice on behalf of the investment adviser and is subject to the supervision and control of the investment adviser.”

1

 

You are expected to follow compliance procedures as noted in this Code and to seek solutions to compliance issues that may arise from time to time. The Chief Compliance Officer’s unavailability to assist you in a compliance matter does not justify actions that may result in non-compliance with the Code.

 

Non-Compliance With Code of Ethics

 

The consequences of non-compliance with any provision of the Code will be commensurate with the violation(s) and may include any one or more of the following:

 

Immediate disgorgement of any profits resulting from a personal securities transaction that was not pre-authorized with the proceeds being donated to charity

 

A letter of warning to the employee with a copy in their personnel file

 

Temporary or permanent restriction or suspension of personal trading privileges

 

Impact on the employee’s compensation,

 

Removal of employee’s direct access to their securities accounts, or

 

Demotion, suspension or termination of employment.

 

Employee Conduct

 

Fuller & Thaler strives to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct in all its relationships and expects its employees to uphold these standards. Employees must exercise good moral judgment at all times and no employee shall do anything illegal in the performance of his or her job. Employees should avoid putting themselves in positions in which someone could question the propriety of their actions from a legal, moral and/or conflict of interest standpoint.

 

Fuller & Thaler requires employees to comply with the Federal Securities Laws. The requirements of these laws are incorporated into this Code and the Compliance Manual. All employees must report any violations of the Code, the Compliance Manual, and/or the Federal Securities Laws promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

No employee of Fuller & Thaler shall be permitted to:

 

Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any client,

 

Make to any client any untrue statement of a material fact or to omit material facts in order to mislead a client,

 

Engage in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any client, or

 

Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any client.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

A conflict of interest involves compromising or giving the appearance of compromising an employee's business ethics. Fuller & Thaler perceives any undisclosed employee business activity that is inconsistent with Fuller & Thaler’s best business interest to be a conflict of interest.

 

An employee must disclose any potential conflicts of interest to the Chief Compliance Officer or his/her manager (who will disclose the potential conflict to the Chief Compliance Officer) as soon as the employee is aware of the potential conflict. If the Chief Compliance Officer determines that an actual or potential conflict exists, Fuller & Thaler may take whatever action appears appropriate according to the circumstances, up to and including termination in circumstances, for instance, when an employee is believed to have deliberately concealed a conflict of interest. 

2

 

While we cannot list all possible conflicts, following are some areas in which employees may face conflicts and some required procedures intended to deal with potential conflicts. Some of the procedures are required by law.

 

Financial Disclosure

 

At the time of employment, each employee must make full disclosure of all known investments and financial interests in corporations or other business entities that have any actual or potential business relationship with Fuller & Thaler (including any subcontractors or suppliers), or that are in competition with Fuller & Thaler. Similarly, relationships with consulting firms that render services to Fuller & Thaler should also be disclosed. This disclosure should also include investments, financial interests, and business relationships maintained by any immediate family member of the employee.

 

Each employee has an ongoing obligation to make any financial disclosures required by this provision to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Use of Fuller & Thaler Business Relationships

 

It is not permissible for any employee to take advantage of a business relationship established through Fuller & Thaler to elicit special consideration, extraordinary services, below-market pricing, etc. for a personal activity. In the event an employee employs for their personal use subcontractors or suppliers that Fuller & Thaler uses, the employee should make full disclosure to their manager. No employee should seek discounts or other financial benefits from any person doing business with Fuller & Thaler by reason of such business; that is, employees should not use firm affiliation to obtain concessions not otherwise available in exchange for any actual or implied commitment from Fuller & Thaler to do business with the concession grantor.

 

Gifts and Entertainment

 

Receipt of Gifts. Employees should not accept anything of substantial value, including money, discounts, tips, tickets, referral fees, finder's fees, or any other financial reward or favored personal treatment (collectively, “Gifts”) from a person doing business, or seeking to do business, with Fuller & Thaler, including vendors to, or clients of, the firm. Generally, Gifts with a substantial value are those with a face value or cost, whichever is greater, of $100, individually or in the aggregate, from any single person or entity during the calendar year.

 

In the event a Gift of substantial value is received from a person doing business, or seeking to do business, with Fuller & Thaler under circumstances where it is not feasible to return the item, the employee should turn the Gift over to his or her manager for disposition or use as corporate property and report the Gift to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Giving of Gifts. Fuller & Thaler discourages employees from giving Gifts, especially those of substantial value, to any persons who make decisions on behalf of clients, including consultants. At a minimum, any such Gifts may give rise to an appearance of improper conduct. Before giving any Gift of substantial value to any client, prospective client, or decision maker for a client or prospective client, an employee must obtain the Chief Compliance Officer’s approval.

 

Managers and the Chief Compliance Officer monitor employee gift giving through their review of employees’ expense reports.

 

Entertainment. Employees may receive from, or provide entertainment to, a person doing business, or seeking to do business, with Fuller & Thaler provided that the entertainment is reasonable under the circumstances and not lavish. Entertainment is any event, activity, or meal whereby the person paying for the event, activity, or meal accompanies and participates with the person invited to the event, activity, or meal. If an employee is not certain whether particular types or offers of entertainment are reasonable under the circumstances, he or she should ask the Chief Compliance Officer.

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In the event lavish entertainment is offered, the employee should decline to receive or participate in that entertainment and report the offer to his or her manager and the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Unions. The giving of Gifts to unions or union officials, regardless of value, may have implications under regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Labor. With respect to unions, the term Gifts also includes entertainment, in-office meals provided during meetings with union officials, and donations to charities or political campaigns to or on behalf of unions or union officials. An independent individual appointed by a union to serve on the board of trustees of a Taft-Hartley plan is deemed a “union official.”

 

An employee must report to the Chief Compliance Officer any Gift made to a union or union official (regardless of whether the union or union official is a client). In certain instances, the Chief Compliance Officer may be required to submit to the Department of Labor the details of Gifts made to unions or union officials.

 

Gift and Entertainment Recordkeeping. The Chief Compliance Officer will maintain records related to any Gifts or entertainment reported by employees.

 

Exclusion. This Gifts and Entertainment Policy does not preclude an employee from having a social relationship with a person doing business, or seeking to do business, with Fuller & Thaler that may involve the giving and receiving of Gifts and entertainment provided: the relationship is purely social and involves no expressed or implied business commitment, public disclosure would not embarrass Fuller & Thaler, and acceptance of the items of value does not violate any applicable law.

 

Charitable Contributions

 

Fuller & Thaler and employees may make charitable contributions on behalf of clients or potential clients but not with the intent of influencing any client’s or potential client’s decision making. Charitable contributions on behalf of a client or potential client are limited to $250 per year per client or potential client.

 

Employees must promptly report to the Chief Compliance Officer any charitable contributions made that may potentially pose a conflict of interest.

 

Political Campaign Contributions

 

Fuller & Thaler, as a firm, does not make political campaign contributions. Employees may make campaign contributions but are strictly prohibited from making any campaign contributions to clients or potential clients or from making any campaign contributions in connection with clients or potential clients that may potentially pose a conflict of interest.

 

A contribution includes a gift, subscription, loan, advance, deposit of money, or anything of value made for the purpose of influencing an election for a federal, state or local office, including any payments for debts incurred in such an election. It also includes transition or inaugural expenses incurred by a successful candidate for state or local office.

 

Employees must pre-clear with the Chief Compliance Officer any contributions in excess of $150, per election, per candidate.

 

New employees must provide the Chief Compliance Officer with information relating to any contributions made in excess of $150, per election, to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is not entitled to vote (or $350, per election, to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is entitled to vote) looking back six (6) months or two (2) years of becoming an employee but no further back than March 14, 2011. The length of the look back will be based on the new employee’s status as a solicitor or non-solicitor.

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Employees are encouraged to consult with the Chief Compliance Officer before making any political contributions.

 

Employees must promptly report to the Chief Compliance Officer any political contributions made that may potentially pose a conflict of interest.

 

More information can be found in the firm’s Pay to Play Policy.

 

Outside Activities

 

Employees are encouraged to participate in civic or trade associations provided such participation does not pose a conflict of interest with the employee's position at Fuller & Thaler and does not interfere with the performance of the employee's duties at Fuller & Thaler.

 

Employees must obtain the Chief Compliance Officer’s written approval prior to participating in any outside activities in which the employee may play a significant role, such as serving on a board of directors, and that may potentially pose a conflict of interest.

 

Involvement in Litigation

 

Employees must advise the Chief Compliance Officer immediately if they become involved in any litigation or any administrative investigation or proceeding that may affect Fuller & Thaler. Employees must also report to the Chief Compliance Officer if they receive any subpoena, are arrested, become subject to any order, or are contacted by any regulatory authority that may affect Fuller & Thaler.

 

Reporting Form

 

The Chief Compliance Officer will provide employees with a form or forms for reporting the items covered under this section when they start working at Fuller & Thaler and also on a quarterly basis.

 

Insider Trading Policy and Procedures

 

Fuller & Thaler has established the following policies and procedures designed to detect and prevent insider trading. Fuller & Thaler’s policy applies to every employee and extends to activities within and outside one’s duties at Fuller & Thaler.

 

Fuller & Thaler forbids any employee from trading (either personally or on behalf of others including accounts managed by Fuller & Thaler) on material nonpublic information or communicating material nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. This conduct is frequently referred to as “insider trading.” The term "insider trading" is not defined in the federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to the use of material nonpublic information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an "insider") or to communications of material nonpublic information to others.

 

While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:

 

1.Trading by an insider while in possession of material nonpublic information,

 

2.Trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material nonpublic information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated, or

 

3.Communicating material nonpublic information to others.

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The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below.

 

Who is an Insider?

 

The concept of “insider” is broad and includes employees of Fuller & Thaler. A person can be a “temporary insider” if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company's affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company's purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company's attorneys, accountants, consultants, and bank lending officers. According to the United States Supreme Court, a company must expect a temporary insider to keep disclosed nonpublic information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider.

 

What is Material Information?

 

Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. "Material information" generally is defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company's securities. Material Information may be communicated verbally or in writing. Information that employees should consider material includes, but is not limited to:

 

Dividend changes,

 

Earnings estimates,

 

Changes in previously released earnings estimates,

 

Significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements,

 

Major litigation,

 

Liquidity problems, and

 

Extraordinary management developments.

 

Material information does not have to relate to a company's business. For example, the United States Supreme Court has held that certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security constituted material information. In that case, a Wall Street Journal reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not.

 

What is Nonpublic Information?

 

Information is nonpublic until it has been effectively communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally available to the public. For example, information found in a report filed with the SEC, or appearing in Dow Jones, Bloomberg, Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation would be considered public.

 

Penalties for Insider Trading

 

Penalties for trading on or communicating material nonpublic information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include:

 

Civil injunctions

 

Treble damages

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Disgorgement of profits

 

Jail sentences

 

Fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited, and

 

Fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the amount of the profit gained or loss avoided

 

In addition, any violation of this policy statement can be expected to result in serious sanctions by Fuller & Thaler, including dismissal of the person(s) involved.

 

Procedures to Implement Insider Trading Policy

 

The following procedures have been established to aid the employees of Fuller & Thaler in avoiding insider trading, and to aid Fuller & Thaler in preventing, detecting and imposing sanctions against insider trading. If you have any questions about these procedures you should consult the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Identifying Inside Information

 

Before trading for yourself or others, including investment companies or private accounts managed by Fuller & Thaler, in the securities of a company about which you may have potential inside information, ask yourself the following questions:

 

1.Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making an investment decision? Is this information that would substantially impact the price of a security if generally disclosed?

 

2.Is the information nonpublic? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the public by being published in Bloomberg, Reuters, The Wall Street Journal or other publications or data services of general circulation?

 

If, after consideration of the above, you believe or are uncertain whether the information is material and nonpublic, you should take the following steps:

 

1.Do not purchase or sell the securities under consideration on behalf of yourself or others including accounts managed by Fuller & Thaler,

 

2.Do not communicate the information to others, and

 

3.Report the matter immediately to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

After the Chief Compliance Officer has reviewed the situation, he or she will either instruct you to continue the prohibitions against trading and communication; or, allow you to proceed with the trade and communication of the information.

 

Restricting Access to Material Nonpublic Information

 

Material and nonpublic information in your possession that has been identified by you and the Chief Compliance Officer according to the identification process described above may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within Fuller & Thaler. Care should be taken so that such information is secure. Written material non-public information should be handed over to the Chief Compliance Officer and all other copies destroyed. The Chief Compliance Officer will record any verbally obtained material non-public information and include it in a secure file with all other such written information.

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Personal Securities Transactions Policy2

 

Fuller & Thaler allows its employees and members of each employee’s Family/Household to maintain personal securities accounts in which they hold a Beneficial Interest provided trading in any such accounts is conducted in accordance with the following policies and procedures. These policies only apply to personal securities transactions of Reportable Securities.

 

Employees are responsible for understanding all aspects of this policy and all definitions of boldfaced terms, as listed at the end of this Personal Securities Transactions Policy section. Ask the Chief Compliance Officer for any clarification on any aspect of this policy.

 

Prohibited Personal Securities Transactions

 

No employee of Fuller & Thaler shall be permitted to:

 

Purchase or short publicly traded stocks, bonds, and derivatives (such as options, futures, forwards, swaps) of the aforementioned.

 

Sell a stock within three (3) trading days before a client account sells the same stock

 

Short cover a stock within three (3) trading days before a client account short covers the same stock

 

Sell a Reportable Security within three (3) trading days after a client account purchases that security

 

Purchase a Reportable Security in an IPO

 

Participate in an investment club

 

Engage in a Private Placement (a.k.a. “limited offering”) without prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer

 

Trade excessively (trading which is judged to interfere with one’s job responsibilities).

 

Place an order which is good for more than one day (a “good-till-canceled order”), or

 

Buy or sell a security of a mutual fund company to which Fuller & Thaler provides investment management services EXCEPT to the extent permissible by this Policy. (See Reportable Funds paragraph, below, for more detail.)

 

The Chief Compliance Officer may deny any pre-clearance request that he or she deems a potential or actual conflict of interest.

 

Personal Securities Transactions Pre-Approval Process

 

Prior to entering any order for a personal securities transaction in a Reportable Security, employees must submit to the Chief Compliance Officer a written request regarding the proposed transaction. An employee may use the Personal Securities Transaction Authorization Form or an email that contain similar information as the Form. Forms and emails are sent to the Chief Compliance Officer for review when they are completed. Any Reportable Securities transactions requested by the Chief Compliance Officer may be approved by any one of the following individuals: Director of Trading Operations, Head of Domestic Strategies, or President. Similarly, any Reportable Securities transactions requested by any one of the aforementioned individuals may be approved by any one of the other three individuals. An individual may not approve his/her own transaction.

 

 

 

2For the purposes of the Personal Securities Transactions Policy only, the term employee shall mean “access person,” defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, as any supervised person who (A) “has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any reportable fund,” or (B) “is involved in making securities recommendations to clients, or who has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic.” Please refer to footnote 1 for a definition of supervised person.

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The Chief Compliance Officer generally determines whether to approve personal securities transactions based on the criteria in the Prohibited Personal Securities Transactions section above. However, he or she may deny any pre-clearance request for any reason, including a determination that the transaction might create an appearance of impropriety. Approvals and denials of proposed personal securities transactions are documented in writing and maintained in a confidential file.

 

Fuller & Thaler may, in the Chief Compliance Officer’s discretion, terminate any approval of a proposed transaction based on, for example, a decision to effect transactions for clients in the relevant or a related Reportable Security. Similarly, the firm may, in the Chief Compliance Officer’s discretion, require an employee to cancel pending orders or freeze or reverse transactions based on developments or information that lead the Chief Compliance Officer to believe the transaction may involve a violation of law or of Fuller & Thaler’s policies.

 

Employees should request that their brokers place a note in their and their spouse’s brokerage account files for the broker reps to remind employees to pre-clear any verbal trades (where the feature is available at the brokerage firm).

 

Reporting

 

All employees of Fuller & Thaler must submit reports of transactions and holdings of Reportable Securities according to the following guidelines. The Chief Compliance Officer will review all employees’ holdings and transactions reports to determine if employees are in compliance with this Code.

 

Initial Holdings Reporting No later than 10 days after you become an employee, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Initial Holdings Form. This form requires you to list all Reportable Securities in which you or members of your Family/Household have Beneficial Interest. It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you maintain an account in which any securities (not just Reportable Securities) are held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household. The information must be as of a date no earlier than 45 days prior to the date you became an employee. Furthermore, this form requires you to confirm that you have read and understand this Code.

 

Duplicate Statements and Confirmations

 

Employees must have their brokers, dealers and banks provide to the Chief Compliance Officer copies of brokerage or account statements and trade confirmations for accounts in which Reportable Securities are maintained. Statements should be provided to the Chief Compliance Officer in the same time frame as they are sent to the employee. Employees must make these arrangements before executing any transactions in Reportable Securities with their brokers, dealers and banks.

 

To the extent any Reportable Securities holdings or transactions are not reported directly by a broker, dealer, or bank to the Chief Compliance Officer, the employee has such an obligation to do so.

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Quarterly Transaction Reporting No later than 25 days after the end of March, June, September and December each year, every employee must provide to the Chief Compliance Officer a Personal Securities Quarterly Transactions Form. This form requires you to represent that you or a member of your Family/Household have not entered into any transactions in Reportable Securities, except as disclosed on the report and as detailed in your account statements and confirmations supplied to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

The Personal Securities Quarterly Transaction Form also requires you to list all new accounts established, since the last quarterly reporting, at brokers, dealers and banks by you or a member of your Family/Household in which any securities (not just Reportable Securities) were or are held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household.

 

Annual Holdings Reporting No later than 25 days after the end of each year, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Annual Holdings Form. This form requires you to represent that you or a member of your Family/Household do not have any other holdings in Reportable Securities as of December 31 of the year just ended, except as disclosed on the report and as detailed in your account statements supplied to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you or a member of your Family/Household maintained an account in which any securities (not just Reportable Securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household as of December 31 of the year just ended.

 

Reportable Funds

 

Fuller & Thaler provides investment management advice to clients that are investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (a.k.a. mutual funds). For the purposes of this Code, these types of fund clients are called “Reportable Funds”. Fuller & Thaler employees and members of their Family/Household are permitted to trade Reportable Funds in accounts for which they hold Beneficial Interest, provided such trading meets the requirements of this policy.

 

Fuller & Thaler exerts control over Reportable Funds given the firm’s role as investment advisor. Additionally, the firm possesses insider knowledge of these funds’ investments, management, and investment strategies. Due to these circumstances, special care must be taken by the firm when allowing employees to trade Reportable Funds in order to prevent employees from taking improper advantage of control authority over, or insider knowledge of, these funds.

 

As such, all aspects of Fuller & Thaler’s Personal Securities Transactions Policy apply to Reportable Funds investments in any account for which an employee or member of their Family/Household hold Beneficial Interest. One exception to this policy is that employees are not required to pre-clear or report regular, scheduled (such as monthly or bi-monthly) transactions of Reportable Funds. These types of transactions may occur in an employee’s 401(k) account. However, any active trades of Reportable Funds must be pre-cleared and reported. Active trades include non-regularly scheduled trades of Reportable Funds and non-regularly scheduled rebalancing of Reportable Fund holdings in an employees’ 401(k) account. For example, if an employee wishes to move their 401(k) holdings in or out of a Reportable Fund, this type of trade must be pre-cleared and reported consistent with the Personal Securities Transactions Pre-Approval and Reporting requirements of this Code.

 

Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”)

 

The SEC requires employees of registered investment advisers to submit reports of transactions and holdings of unit investment trusts. Many Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”) are organized as unit investment trusts including SPDRs, MidCap SPDRs, Nasdaq-100 Shares, and DIAMONDS.

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Therefore, employees of Fuller & Thaler must report personal transactions and holdings of ETFs according to the guidelines outlined in Reporting, above. To avoid confusion, all ETFs, whether or not organized as unit investment trusts, are Reportable Securities under this Code. Because many ETFs have similar characteristics as mutual funds, such as high trading volumes and portfolios consisting of large numbers of generally liquid holdings, pre-clearing personal ETF trades is not required at this time.

 

Exceptions to Personal Securities Transactions Prohibitions

 

The prohibitions of this Code do not apply to the following transactions:

 

1.Purchases or sales that are non-volitional on the part of the employee (or Family/Household member), including purchases or sales upon the exercise of puts or calls written by the employee (or Family/Household member) and sales from a margin account pursuant to a bona fide margin call

 

2.Purchases made solely under, and with the dividend proceeds received in, a dividend reinvestment plan

 

3.Purchases made upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of rights were so acquired.

 

Other Persons to Whom Personal Securities Transactions Policy Applies

 

Any person contracted or otherwise employed, even temporarily, by Fuller & Thaler who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, recommends, participates in or obtains information regarding purchases or sales of securities for any client account must abide by these policies and procedures.

 

Proprietary Fuller & Thaler Accounts Treated as Client Accounts 

 

Fuller & Thaler manages proprietary accounts that are treated as client accounts, including Mixed Accounts and Incubated Accounts (each as defined below). Because securities traded for these accounts may also be traded in unaffiliated client accounts, Fuller & Thaler must take special care to prevent transactions on behalf of Mixed and Incubated Accounts from unfairly advantaging employees over clients. Fuller & Thaler recognizes that multiple potential conflicts of interest exist between the proprietary accounts and the unaffiliated client accounts. For example, potential conflicts exist when allocating trades and investment opportunities that are suitable for more than one account, or when allocating trades for the same position that are priced differently, or when putting on opposing positions in the same security for different accounts. Fuller & Thaler seeks to manage any conflicts by applying the firm’s policies and procedures otherwise applicable to unaffiliated client accounts to the management of Mixed and Incubated Accounts, as detailed below.

 

Mixed Accounts

 

A “Mixed Account” is a pooled investment vehicle (such as a hedge fund or collective investment fund) advised by Fuller & Thaler (and of which Fuller & Thaler may be the managing member, general partner, investment manager, investment adviser, sub-adviser, or the like) in which employees of Fuller & Thaler and/or members of their Family/Household own or hold Beneficial Interests along with interests owned by unaffiliated clients or investors. Because securities traded for Mixed Accounts may also be suitable for unaffiliated client accounts, Fuller & Thaler must take special care to prevent transactions on behalf of Mixed Accounts from unfairly advantaging employees over clients. To manage those potential conflicts, Mixed Accounts are treated as client accounts and their activities are subject to the full supervision and procedures applicable in the ordinary course of Fuller & Thaler's business to all client accounts, including Fuller & Thaler’s Trade Allocation Policy. Mixed Accounts, therefore, generally will not be subject to the regular pre-clearance process and other securities trading restrictions applicable to the trading of personal accounts. The Chief Compliance Officer, in consultation with senior management, may determine otherwise in certain circumstances (such as, for example, if perceived conflicts are not efficiently mitigated by regular client account procedures). Employees' (and members of their Family/Households') Beneficial Interests in Mixed Accounts are covered by regulatory reporting requirements set forth in Reporting, above.

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Incubated Accounts

 

An “Incubated Account” is a proprietary account used to test and incubate a new firm strategy before it is made available to unaffiliated investors and clients. Incubated strategies are initially operated and managed with one or more employees of Fuller & Thaler and/or members of his/her Family/Household as the owners of Beneficial Interests in the account. However, Incubated Accounts are treated as client accounts to allow for seamless transition to offering the strategy to unaffiliated investors and clients. These accounts are required to enter into a client investment advisory agreement with Fuller & Thaler and to execute all trades through Fuller & Thaler’s trading desk in accordance with Fuller & Thaler’s Trade Allocation Policy. Because (among other factors) Incubated Account activities are subject to the full supervision and procedures applicable in the ordinary course of Fuller & Thaler's business to all client accounts, Incubated Accounts generally will not be subject to the regular pre-clearance process and other securities trading restrictions applicable to the trading of personal accounts. Fuller & Thaler has concluded that it would significantly hinder the effective implementation of a new strategy if, during the incubation process, they were not treated as a client account. However, the Chief Compliance Officer, in consultation with senior management, may determine otherwise in certain circumstances (such as, for example, if perceived conflicts are not efficiently mitigated by regular client account procedures). Employees' (and members of their Family/Households') Beneficial Interests in Incubated Accounts are covered by regulatory reporting requirements set forth in Reporting, above.

 

Definitions

 

The special meanings of the following terms as used in this policy are explained below. Some of these terms are sometimes used in other contexts, not related to this Code, where they have different meanings. For example, Beneficial Interest has a different meaning in this Code than it does in other SEC rules. If you have any doubt or question about whether an investment, account or person is covered by any of these definitions, ask the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Federal Securities Laws means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the SEC under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury.

 

Private Placement means any stock, bond, or derivative instrument which is exempt from the registration requirements of the SEC.

 

Beneficial Interest - means any opportunity, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, to profit or share in the profit from any transaction in securities. It also includes transactions over which a person exercises investment discretion (other than for a client of Fuller & Thaler), even if the person does not share in the profits of the transaction. The transactions over which a person may profit, share in the profit, or exercise investment discretion are not limited to just the transactions in securities held by his or her Family/Household. Beneficial Interest is a very broad concept. Some examples of forms of Beneficial Interest include:

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Securities held in a person's own name, or that are held for the person's benefit in nominee, custodial or "street name" accounts,

 

Securities owned by or for a partnership in which the person is a general partner (whether the ownership is under the name of that partner, another partner or the partnership or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account),

 

Securities that are being managed for a person's benefit on a discretionary basis by an investment adviser, broker, bank, trust company or other manager, unless the securities are held in a "blind trust" or similar arrangement under which the person is prohibited by contract from communicating with the manager of the account and the manager is prohibited from disclosing to the person what investments are held in the account,

 

Securities in a person's individual retirement account,

 

Securities in a person's account in a 401(k) or similar retirement plan, even if the person has chosen to give someone else investment discretion over the account,

 

Securities owned by a trust of which the person is either a trustee or a beneficiary, and

 

Securities owned by a corporation, partnership or other entity that the person controls (whether the ownership is under the name of that person, under the name of the entity or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account).

 

This is not a complete list of the forms of ownership that could constitute Beneficial Interest for purposes of this policy. You should ask the Chief Compliance Officer if you have any questions or doubts at all about whether you or a member of your Family/Household would be considered to have Beneficial Interest in any particular situation.

 

Reportable Security/Reportable Securities means anything that is considered a "security" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, such as any

 

Stock, note, treasury stock, future, bond, or debenture;

 

Fixed income security (except as below);

 

Options on securities, on indexes and on currencies;

 

Any put, call, straddle, or privilege on any security or group or index of securities, or entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency;

 

Investments in foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds;

 

Investments in private investment funds, limited partnerships, hedge funds, and investment clubs;

 

Shares of Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”), to the extent described above in “Personal Trading Policy for Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”);”and

 

Reportable Funds, as defined by this Code, are considered Reportable Securities to the extent described above in the “Reportable Funds” section of this Policy.

 

For the purposes of this Code, the following are excluded from the definition of Reportable Security:

 

Direct obligations of the U.S. Government;

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Bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;

 

Shares of open-end investment companies that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (a.k.a. mutual funds), however, certain personal securities transaction restrictions apply to any such company to which Fuller & Thaler provides investment advice as described above in the Reportable Funds section of this Policy.

 

Family/Household Members of your Family/Household include:

 

Your spouse or domestic partner (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support);

 

Your children under the age of 18;

 

Your children who are 18 or older (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support); and

 

Any of these people who live in your household: your stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, parents-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, including adoptive relationships.

 

There are a number of reasons why this Code covers securities transactions in which members of your Family/Household have Beneficial Interest. First, the SEC regards any benefit to a person that you help support financially as indirectly benefiting you, because it could reduce the amount that you might otherwise contribute to that person's support. Second, members of your household could learn of information regarding Fuller & Thaler’s trading or recommendations for client accounts, and may inappropriately take advantage of that information.

 

Recordkeeping

 

Fuller & Thaler will keep copies of this Code, and any amendments thereto, records of violations and actions taken as a result thereof, and copies of supervised persons' acknowledgement of receipt of and compliance with this Code, in an easily accessible location for five years, of which the first two years will be in the firm’s offices. The Code, and any amendments thereto, will be retained for five years after the date on which they were last in effect. Employee Code acknowledgements will be retained for five years after the person ceases to be an employee. A list of employees and other persons to whom this Code applies within the past five years will be retained by the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Other Compliance Procedures

 

In addition to being responsible for implementing this Code and the procedures described elsewhere in this Code, the Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for:

 

reporting any occurrence that he or she determines is a violation of this Code to management; management, in consultation with the Chief Compliance Officer, will determine an appropriate sanction for the violation;

 

making himself or herself available to assist employees with questions regarding this Code;

 

reviewing this Code on a regular basis and updating it as necessary; and

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quarterly, the Chief Compliance Officer will compare Personal Securities Transaction Authorization Forms with Personal Securities Quarterly Transaction Forms.

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Acknowledgement Form

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc.
September 2018 Code of Ethics

  

Employee Acknowledgement

 

I acknowledge that I have read and understand Fuller & Thaler’s Code of Ethics. I certify that I have complied with, except as may have been otherwise previously disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer, and will continue to comply with, Fuller & Thaler’s Code of Ethics, including the Gifts and Entertainment, Charitable Contributions, Political Contributions, Outside Activity, and Personal Securities Transactions Policies and Procedures.

 

I understand that any violations of the Code of Ethics may lead to sanctions including my dismissal.

 

Name (please print):    

 

Signature:    

 

Title:    

 

Date:    

 

Spousal Acknowledgement (if applicable)

 

I acknowledge that my spouse and I have discussed Fuller & Thaler’s Code of Ethics including the restrictions on buying and shorting publicly traded stocks, bonds, and derivatives on publicly traded stocks and bonds. I understand that I need to talk to my spouse before I buy or sell any securities. I also understand that my spouse is prohibited from doing anything indirectly that, if done directly, would violate Fuller & Thaler’s Code of Ethics.

 

Name (please print):    

 

Signature:    

  

Date:    

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 Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc
Code of Ethics 

Revisions History (as of January 3, 2013)

 

January 3, 2013 – Added Revisions History. Updated Political Campaign Contributions policy with relevant SEC pay to play rule provisions. Included reference to periodic reporting forms for conflicts of interest. Also included 30 day short term trading limit (i.e., holding period). Amendments adopted by the Board with an effective date of on or around January 1, 2013.

 

January 1, 2014 – Reviewed the Code. Minor changes made. No Board approval required.

 

June 9, 2015 – Reviewed the Code. No material changes made; no Board approval required.

 

September 28, 2015 – Added prohibition on the purchase or shorting of publicly traded stocks, bonds, and derivatives (such as options, futures, forwards, swaps) of the aforementioned. Approved by the Board.

 

May 13, 2016 – Updated sections on prohibited personal securities transactions and ETFs. Deleted restriction applicable solely to investment personnel and section on opposite direction trades.

 

June 6, 2017 – Clarified that an individual may not approve one’s own personal securities transaction. Added a Spousal Acknowledgment.

 

March 29, 2018 - Reviewed the Code. No changes made; no Board approval required.

 

September 26, 2018 – Revised section on Mixed Accounts and added a section on Incubated Accounts.

 

17

APPENDIX E

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc.

Proxy Voting Policy

January 2018

 

 

 

GENERAL

 

It is the general policy of Fuller & Thaler to exercise its proxy voting authority in a manner that will maintain or enhance shareholder value of the companies in which we have invested client assets. Unless a client specifically reserves the right, in writing, to vote its own proxies, we will vote all proxies in accordance with this policy.

 

VOTING POLICY

 

We use the following guidelines in making voting decisions:

 

Approve (or follow management recommendations on) the following (unless good reason for voting otherwise):

 

Routine corporate matters including:
Selection of directors
Appointment of auditors
An increase in authorized shares where needed for clearly defined business purposes
Follow management recommendations on “social” issues

 

Oppose (in some cases against management recommendations on) the following (unless good reason for voting otherwise):

 

Indemnification of directors and/or officers where such indemnification includes “negligence and gross negligence” in the performance of their fiduciary duties
Super-majority voting requirements
Anti-takeover proposals which restrict shareholder authority
An increase in authorized shares of more than 25% without a stated business purpose
Changes in corporate charter that do not have a clearly stated business purpose
Provisions for multi-tiered voting rights
Authorizations of “blank check” preferred stock or other capital stock without a stated business purpose
“Shareholder rights” provisions which tend to diminish rather than enhance shareholder power
“Anti-greenmail” provisions which also restrict shareholder authority

 

 

Staggered boards of directors

 

Evaluate the following on a case-by-case basis:

 

Corporate combinations and divestments
Shareholder proposals
Profit sharing and stock options plans

 

VOTING PROCESS

 

Fuller & Thaler has hired an independent third-party vendor, Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”), to assist it in fulfilling its proxy voting obligations. ISS is responsible for collecting proxy information from companies and voting proxies according to our instructions. ISS also provides Fuller & Thaler with proxy recommendations and corporate governance ratings on each ballot. While we may consider such research in determining how to vote on a proxy issue, we vote each proxy on its own merits. Thus, our proxy voting may or may not be consistent with the recommendations of ISS.

 

On a weekly basis, we:

 

Send a list of the securities held in client accounts to ISS.
Download proxy statements.

 

Each of our portfolio managers is responsible for voting the proxies for securities held in the portfolio manager’s strategy. Proxy voting reports received from ISS are provided to the portfolio managers for review prior to voting. Any changes to the votes made by the portfolio manager are communicated to ISS electronically.

 

As part of the overall vote review process, each portfolio manager responsible for voting proxies must report any known, material conflict of interest to the Chief Compliance Officer, who will communicate the conflict of interest to the other portfolio managers.

 

Using information provided by our firm, ISS votes the proxies for each individual account.

 

On a quarterly basis, ISS provides us with voting summary reports for our client accounts. These reports, and copies of the Proxy Voting Policy, are available to clients upon request.

 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY

 

All proxies are voted solely in the best interests of our clients. Shareholders and employees of Fuller & Thaler will not be unduly influenced by outside sources nor be affected by any conflict of interest regarding the vote of any proxy. Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between our interests and a client’s interests, Fuller & Thaler will rely on the recommendation of ISS to vote the proxy. ISS votes based on its pre-determined voting policy developed from internally conducted research on shareholder best practices.

 

 

LIMITATIONS

 

The following are examples of situations where Fuller & Thaler may abstain from voting or from review of proxies:

 

1.Terminated Account: Once a client account has been terminated with us in accordance with its investment advisory agreement, we will not vote any proxies received after the termination.

 

2.Limited Value: If we determine that the value of a client’s economic interest or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant, we may abstain from voting a proxy or alternatively, vote proxies in accordance with ISS recommendations with minimal review of the proxies. We also will not vote proxies received for securities no longer held by the client’s account.

 

3.Unmanaged Assets. If a client account contains securities that we do not actively manage, but that are maintained in the account at the client’s request (designated as “Unmanaged Assets”), we will abstain from voting on such securities unless the client directs us in writing to take action with respect to a particular matter.

 

4.Securities Lending Programs: When securities are out on loan, they are transferred into the borrower’s name and are voted by the borrower, in its discretion. However, where we determine that a proxy vote (or other shareholder action) is materially important to the client’s account, we may recall the security for purposes of voting.

 

RECORDKEEPING

 

Fuller & Thaler will maintain the following proxy related books and records in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in an appropriate office of Fuller & Thaler:

 

i.Copies of proxy policies and procedures.

 

ii.A copy of each proxy statement that Fuller & Thaler receives regarding client securities. Alternatively, Fuller & Thaler may rely on ISS to make and retain a copy of a proxy statement on Fuller & Thaler’s behalf (provided that Fuller & Thaler has obtained an undertaking from ISS to provide a copy of the proxy statement promptly upon request) or may rely on obtaining a copy of a proxy statement from the Commission's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system.

 

iii.A record of each vote cast by Fuller & Thaler on behalf of a client. Alternatively, Fuller & Thaler may rely on a third party to make and retain a record of the vote cast on Fuller & Thaler's behalf (provided that Fuller & Thaler has obtained an undertaking from ISS to provide a copy of the record promptly upon request).

 

 

iv.A copy of any document created by Fuller & Thaler that was material to making a decision on how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision.

 

v.A copy of each written client request for information on how Fuller & Thaler voted proxies on behalf of the client, and a copy of any written response by Fuller & Thaler to any (written or oral) client request for information on how Fuller & Thaler voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client.

 

Please see Books and Records Policy contained in Section 13 of the Compliance Manual for further details.

 

RESPONSIBLE PARTIES

 

The Portfolio Managers are responsible for the following:

adhering to this policy which includes voting proxies consistently with these guidelines;
notifying the Chief Compliance Officer of any conflicts of interest;
providing the Portfolio Administrator with a copy of any document that was material to making a voting decision or that memorializes the basis for a decision, if any was created;
recommending any policy or procedure changes to the Director of Trading Operations and Chief Compliance Officer.

 

The Director of Trading Operations and Portfolio Administrator are responsible for adhering to the voting process and maintaining required books and records. They should also recommend any policy or procedure changes to the Portfolio Managers and Chief Compliance Officer.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer will review this policy and procedures with the Director of Trading Operations, Portfolio Administrator, and other applicable Fuller & Thaler personnel at least annually.

 

 

Fuller & Thaler Asset Management, Inc.

Proxy Voting Policy

Revisions History (as of January 1, 2012)

 

January 1, 2012 – Added revisions history and made minor revisions.

 

January 1, 2013 – Reviewed policy. No changes made.

 

March 8, 2013 – Clarified that the conflicts of interest required to be reported are those that are known and material. Also, provided that a portfolio manager may choose to vote proxies according to ISS recommendations with minimal review if the voting and/or review of proxies provide limited value to a portfolio.

 

June 1, 2015 – Updated responsible parties.

 

February 2, 2016 – Reviewed policy. No changes made.

 

January 19, 2017 – Reviewed policy. No material changes made.

 

January 30, 2018 - Reviewed policy. No material changes made.



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