Form 10-Q GD Culture Group Ltd For: Jun 30
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
For the quarterly period ended
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File Number:
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
Not applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
As of August 14, 2026, there were
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 1 |
| ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) | 1 |
| ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 2 |
| ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 10 |
| ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 11 |
| PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 12 |
| ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 12 |
| ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 12 |
| ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 12 |
| ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 12 |
| ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 12 |
| ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION | 12 |
| ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 13 |
i
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements relate to anticipated future events, future results of operations and or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by their use of terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “ought to,” “plan,” “possible,” “potentially,” “predicts,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” negatives of such terms or other similar terms. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, without limitation, statements relating to:
| ● | our goals and strategies; |
| ● | our future business development, results of operations and financial condition; |
| ● | our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and our need for additional financing; |
| ● | our estimates regarding the market opportunity for our services; |
| ● | the impact of government laws and regulations; |
| ● | our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel; |
| ● | our failure to comply with regulatory guidelines; |
| ● | uncertainty in industry demand; |
| ● | general economic conditions and market conditions in the financial services industry; |
| ● | future sales of large blocks or our securities, which may adversely impact our share price; and |
| ● | depth of the trading market in our securities. |
The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
You should not unduly rely on any forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
ii
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Index to unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements
1
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other receivables, net | ||||||||
| Prepayments | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| EQUIPMENT, NET | ||||||||
| RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, NET | ||||||||
| OTHER ASSETS | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Other assets | ||||||||
| Digital assets | ||||||||
| Total other assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other payables - related parties | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Income tax payable | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| OTHER LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Loan from a shareholder – non-current | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Total other liabilities | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | ||||||||
| SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital (1) | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Total GD Culture Group Limited shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Noncontrolling interest | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-1
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the three months ended June 30, |
For the six months ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| OPERATING EXPENSES | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling and Marketing expenses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Realized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Sublease income | ||||||||||||||||
| TOTAL (EXPENSE) INCOME | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| LESS: INCOME TAX (EXPENSES) BENEFITS | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| NET LOSS | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to shareholders of common stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | ||||||||||||||||
| - Foreign currency translation adjustment | ||||||||||||||||
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, net of tax | ||||||||||||||||
| COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, net of tax | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to shareholders of common stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON STOCKS | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss per share available to common shareholders | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted (1) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| (1) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-2
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026
| Attributable to GD Culture Group Limited Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Accumulated Other |
Total GD Culture Group Limited |
Non | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock (1) | Common Stock (1) | Paid-in | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Shareholders’ | controlling | Shareholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital (1) | Deficit | Income | Equity | Interest | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of May 2025 prefunded warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2026 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2026 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-3
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025
| Attributable to GD Culture Group Limited Shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated | GD Culture Group |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Other | Limited | Non | Shareholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock (1) | Common Stock (1) | Paid-in | Subscription | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Shareholders’ | controlling | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital (1) | Receivable | Deficit | Income | (Deficit)/Equity | Interest | (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2025 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of prefunded warrants for cash | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of November 2023 Registered Warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for acquisition of certain software | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 30, 2025 (unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | On June 29, 2026, the Company effected a 1-for-250 reverse stock split. All share and per share amounts presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split. |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-4
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the six months ended June 30, |
||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation of equipment | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | ||||||||
| Realized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | ||||||||
| Deferred income tax | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ||||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| Prepayments | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other payables and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Taxes payable | ||||||||
| Other payables - related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Purchase of digital assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of digital assets | ||||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of prefunded warrants | ||||||||
| Proceeds from related party loans | ||||||||
| Proceeds from shareholder loan | ||||||||
| Repayments to a related party | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ||||||||
| NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | ||||||||
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income tax | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS OF INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||||
| Exercise of May 2025 pre-funded warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of common stock for acquisition right, title, and interest in and to the certain software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Exercise of November 2023 Registered Warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
| Subscription proceeds due from underwriter | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-5
GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Nature of Business and Organization
GD Culture Group Limited (“GDC” or the “Company”), is a Nevada corporation and a holding company. The Company currently conducts its operations through the Company and its subsidiary, AI Catalysis Corp. (“AI Catalysis”). The Company’s business focused on artificial intelligence-related initiatives using its existing artificial intelligence and virtual content generation technologies. In May and June 2026, the Company purchased two software – Fato and Fictoiv, at a price of $
Subsidiaries of the Company
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of GDC and each of the following entities:
| Name | Background | Ownership | |||
| Citi Profit Investment Holding Limited (“Citi Profit BVI”) | ● | ||||
| Highlights Culture Holding Co., Limited (“Highlight HK”) | ● | ||||
| ● | |||||
| Shanghai Highlight Entertainment Co., Ltd. (“Highlight WFOE”) | ● | ||||
| ● | |||||
| AI Catalysis | ● | ||||
| ● | |||||
| Shanghai Xianzhui Technology Co., Ltd. (“SH Xianzhui”) | ● | ||||
| ● | |||||
| Pallas Capital Holding Ltd (“Pallas”) | ● | ||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2026, the Company had $
The Company evaluated its ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern, which requires management to assess whether there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The management assessed its liquidity position and concluded that the Company has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months from the date the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary to fairly present the financial statements for the interim periods. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and have been prepared in accordance with the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial statements. Results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on March 27, 2026.
Reverse Stock Split
On June 29, 2026, the Company effected a
F-6
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of GDC and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of intangible assets and equipment, fair value of digital assets and impairment of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any cash equivalents. All cash were unrestricted as to withdrawal and use and were demand deposits placed with commercial banks.
Prepayments
Prepayments are advances paid to outside vendors for services purchases. The Company has legally binding contracts with its vendors. Once the services are received, the amounts are recognized as expenses in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Equipment
Equipment was stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method after consideration of the estimated useful lives of the assets and estimated residual value.
| Useful Life | Estimated Residual Value | |||||
| Office equipment and furniture | % | |||||
The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. Expenditure for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets represent software copyright that are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization. Research and development costs associated with internally developed patents are expensed when incurred. Amortization expense is recognized on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The software copyrights have finite useful lives and are amortized using a straight-line method that reflects the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are to be consumed. The Company amortizes the cost of software copyrights, over their useful life using the straight-line method. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances revised estimates of useful lives.
| Useful Life | ||
| Software copyrights |
F-7
Lease
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases that transfer substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to the ownership of assets are accounted for as finance leases as if there was an acquisition of an asset and incurrence of an obligation at the inception of the lease. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases. The Company has no significant finance leases.
The Company recognizes lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets on the balance sheet for leases. Operating lease right- of-use assets (the “ROU”) are disclosed as non-current assets in the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Current maturities of operating lease liabilities are classified as operating lease liabilities - current, and operating lease liabilities that will be due in more than one year are disclosed as non-current liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are initially recognized based on the present value of future lease payments at lease commencement. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made prior to lease commencement and the initial direct costs incurred by the lessee and is recorded net of any lease incentives received. As the interest rates implicit in most of the leases are not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rates based on the information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the future lease payments. Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
The Company’s lease agreements did not include non-lease components. Lease expense for fixed lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restricted covenants.
The Company evaluates the carrying value of ROU assets if there are indicators of impairment and reviews the recoverability of the related asset group.
The Company reassesses of a contract is or contains a leasing arrangement and re-measures ROU assets and lease liabilities upon modification of the contract. The Company will derecognize ROU assets and lease liabilities, with differences recognized in the income statement on the contract termination.
The Company evaluated the subleased office spaces in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Since the Company has not been relieved as the primary obligor of the head lease, the Company cannot net the sublease income against its lease payment to calculate the lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. The Company records sub-lease income over the term of the subleases on a straight-line basis. The sublease income amounted to $ and $
Impairment for Long-lived Assets
The Company’s determination of whether indicators of impairment exist requires significant management judgment with respect to its long-lived assets, including intangible assets and operating right-of-use (“ROU”) assets. The Company’s intangible assets primarily include software copyrights, including AI Box, which was previously used for online live-streaming, Chat Box, which is used for online interactive entertainment scenarios, and Fato and Fictoiv, which were newly acquired during 2026. Management considers both external and internal sources of information, including changes in the intended use of the assets, current and expected operating performance, and changes in the Company’s business strategy, in assessing whether impairment indicators exist.
The software copyright of AI Box was impaired during the fourth quarter of 2025. Chat Box continues to be used in the Company’s current business operations and is consistent with the Company’s current business direction. Based on management’s evaluation, the Company did not identify any impairment indicators related to Chat Box, Fato, Fictoiv or its operating ROU assets as of June 30, 2026. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize any impairment losses on its long-lived assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
Digital Assets
The Company holds digital assets primarily for investment and treasury purposes rather than for use in the ordinary course of business. Based on management’s intent and expected holding period, digital assets are classified as either current or non-current assets.
In accordance with ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets, digital assets are accounted for as intangible assets measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized immediately in earnings. Digital assets are initially recorded at cost, including acquisition-related fees. Subsequent to initial recognition, digital assets are measured at fair value at each reporting date, and unrealized gains and losses are included in the statement of operations. Upon disposal, the difference between proceeds and carrying amount is recognized as a gain or loss in earnings. The Company discloses the number of units held, cost basis, fair value, and any significant restrictions on the ability to sell or transfer digital assets in the Note 3 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-8
In assessing whether substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset, the Company considers the nature of the assets, their risks and characteristics, and whether they represent a group of similar assets as defined under ASC 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C.
For transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions, the purchase consideration is measured based on the fair value of the consideration transferred, which generally consists of the fair value of equity securities or other assets issued. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities are recognized based on their relative fair values, and no goodwill is recognized.
Fair Value Measurement
The accounting standard regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements defines financial instruments and requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. The Company considers the carrying amount of cash, other receivables, other payables to approximate their fair values because of their short-term nature.
The accounting standards define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels are defined as follow:
| ● | Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments. |
| ● | Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value. |
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying values of cash, other receivables and other payables approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of the instruments.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses mainly consist of (i) staff cost, and rental related to general and administrative personnel, (ii) professional expenses and (iii) amortization of intangible assets.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses mainly consist of outsourced research and development expenses. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
F-9
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than
Interest
Interest income is mainly generated from bank deposits and other interest earning financial assets and is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method.
Net Loss per Common Stock
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing loss available to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average common stocks outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stocks were exercised and converted into common stocks.
In May 2025, the Company issued and sold pre-funded warrants that are exercisable for shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price. In accordance with ASC 260, these prefunded warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are included in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share when the inclusion is dilutive. As the exercise price of the prefunded warrants is nominal and substantially all conditions necessary to exercise the warrants have been met, the prefunded warrants are included in the weighted average shares outstanding for both basic and diluted loss per share. As of June 30, 2026,
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is defined as the changes in equity of the Company during a year/period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Accumulated other comprehensive income of the Company includes the foreign currency translation adjustment.
Recently Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) which requires detailed disclosures in the notes to financial statements disaggregating specific expense categories and certain other disclosures to provide enhanced transparency into the nature and function of expenses. The FASB further clarified the effective date in January 2025 with the issuance of ASU 2025-01, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect to adopt this guidance early and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its future unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Credit Losses (Topic 326): Simplifications to the Accounting for Short-Term Receivables and Contract Assets. The update introduces practical expedients that allow entities to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets by permitting certain assumptions regarding current conditions and expectations of future economic conditions. The amendments are intended to reduce the complexity and cost of applying the current expected credit loss model for short-term financial assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-10
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the applicability of interim reporting guidance, consolidates interim disclosure requirements within Topic 270, and establishes a disclosure principle for material events and changes occurring since the end of the most recent fiscal year. The amendments are effective for public business entities for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments modernize the accounting for internal-use software costs by removing references to software development project stages and introducing new criteria for determining when software development costs should be capitalized, including consideration of significant development uncertainty. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Note 3 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes which inputs should be used in measuring fair value, is comprised of: (Level I) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level II) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly and (Level III) unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data. The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available in determining fair value.
| June 30, 2026 (unaudited) | December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Level I | Level II | Level III | Fair Value | Level I | Level II | Level III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Digital assets – non current | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of June 30, 2026, the Company held
In accordance with ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets, the Company accounts for its crypto assets as indefinite-lived intangible assets measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income in each reporting period.
The fair value of Bitcoin is determined based on quoted prices in active markets. The Company does not apply amortization to digital assets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are presented within “Other (expenses) income” in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of June 30, 2026, the fair value of the Company’s Bitcoin holdings was approximately $
F-11
Note 4 – Other receivables, net
Other receivables, net consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Subscription proceeds due from underwriter * | $ | $ | ||||||
| Sublease rental receivable | ||||||||
| lease deposit | ||||||||
| Total other receivables, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Note 5 – Prepayments
Prepayments consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Prepayments of research and development expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepayments of marketing expenses | ||||||||
| Prepayments of operating lease | ||||||||
| Prepaid car rental | ||||||||
| Nasdaq listing fee | ||||||||
| Other prepayments | ||||||||
| Total prepayments | $ | $ | ||||||
As of June 30, 2026, the Company had $
Note 6 – Equipment, net
Equipment, net consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Office equipment and furniture | $ | $ | ||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 amounted to $
F-12
Note 7 – Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Add: purchase of software* | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated impairment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $
As of June 30, 2026, the net book value of software copyrights was $
Future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:
| Amortization | ||||
| Remaining of FY2026 | $ | |||
| FY2027 | ||||
| FY2028 | ||||
| FY2029 | ||||
| FY2030 | ||||
| Beyond FY2030 | ||||
| Total future amortization of intangible assets | $ | |||
Note 8 – Other Payables and Accrued Liabilities
Other payables and accrued liabilities consisted of the following as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025:
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Professional service fee | $ | $ | ||||||
| Payroll | ||||||||
| Advance from an investor (1) | ||||||||
| Amounts due to a shareholder (2) | ||||||||
| Others | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
F-13
Note 9 – Related Party Balances and Transactions
Other payables – related parties:
| Name of related party | Relationship | Nature | June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||||||
| Xiaojian Wang | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Xiaojian Wang | ||||||||||||
| Zihao Zhao | ||||||||||||
| Zihao Zhao | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||||||
Related Party Transaction
In January 2026, Mr. Xiaojian Wang, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (“CEO”), made advances of $
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the balance of other payables - related parties were $
For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded compensation expenses to its officers amounted to $
Note 10 – Leases
Leases are classified as operating leases or finance leases in accordance with ASC 842 Leases. The Company’s operating leases mainly related to the rights to use building and office facilities. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company records the related asset and liability at the present value of lease payments over the term. Certain leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options, which are factored into the Company’s determination of lease payments when appropriate.
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term: | ||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate: | ||||||||
| Operating lease | % | % | ||||||
F-14
The balances for the operating leases where the Company is the lessee are presented as follows within the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets:
| June 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease | $ | $ | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current portion of operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Future lease payments under operating leases as of June 30, 2026 were as follows:
| Operating Leases | ||||
| Remaining of FY2026 | $ | |||
| FY2027 | ||||
| FY2028 | ||||
| FY2029 | ||||
| Total lease payments | $ | |||
| Less: imputed interest | ||||
| Present value of lease liabilities (1) | $ | |||
| (1) |
Lease expense for all the Company’s operating leases for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 were $
For the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company incurred $
Effective from December 1, 2025, the Company subleased partial of the lease office space to a third party for the remaining of the head lease term. Since the Company has not been relieved as the primary obligor of the head lease, the Company cannot net the sublease income against its lease payment to calculate the lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. The Company records sub-lease income over the term of the subleases on a straight-line basis.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized sublease income in accordance with the terms of the sublease agreement. Subsequent to the filing of the Company’s Quarterly Report for the three months ended March 31, 2026, the sublease agreement was terminated in April 2026. Following the termination of the sublease, the Company resumed making rental payments directly to the landlord under the head lease for the remainder of the lease term.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded sublease income of $ and $
F-15
Note 11 – Equity
Reverse Stock Split
At the Company’s annual shareholder meeting held on December 31, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the authorized and unauthorized capital stock of the Company, at a ratio ranging between
On June 16, 2026, The Board approved effecting a
In connection with the Reverse Split, the Company’s outstanding warrants were proportionately adjusted on a 1-for-250 basis. Accordingly, the number of shares of common stock underlying the warrants and the related exercise prices were adjusted to reflect the Reverse Split. Following such adjustments, each warrant continues to be exercisable for one share of the Company’s common stock.
Common Stock
On March 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “March 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale of
On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “May 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale of
On April 28, 2025, the Company entered into a software purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with Gongzheng Xu and Qing Wang, who are unaffiliated with the Company at the time (collectively, the “GXQW”). Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase and the GXQW agreed to sell all of GXQW’s right, title, and interest in and to the certain software (the “Chat Box”). The purchase price of the software shall be payable in the form of issuance of
On September 8, 2025, the Company, Pallas and the Sellers executed the Share Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which, the Sellers wish to sell to the Acquirer, and the Acquirer wishes to purchase from the Sellers,
On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the “October 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investor, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a private placement (the “October 2025 Private Placement”), an aggregate of
F-16
On April 28, 2026, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “April 2026 Sales Agreement”) with the underwriter, under which the Company may issue and sell from time to time, shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of not more than $
On June 24, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “June 2026 Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors named thereto (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering (the “June 2026 Offering”) of an aggregate of
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the total outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock were
Warrants
Prefunded Warrants
In connection with the May 2025 Offering, the Company issued
In January 2026, holders of
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025,
The summary of warrant activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were as follows:
| Warrants | Exercisable Into Number of | Weighted Average Exercise | Average Remaining Contractual | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding | Shares | Price | Life | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2026 (unaudited) | $ | |||||||||||||||
The summary of warrant activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 were as follows:
| Warrants | Exercisable Into Number of | Weighted Average Exercise | Average Remaining Contractual | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding | Shares | Price | Life | |||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 (unaudited) | $ | |||||||||||||||
F-17
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Note 13 – Segment Reporting
The Company operates and manages its business as a single segment and has operating and reportable segment, Virtual Content Production.
The Company concluded that consolidated net income (loss) reported in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) is the measure of segment profitability, and consolidated total assets reported in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets is the measure of segment assets. The CODM refers to consolidated operating results and financial condition when addressing strategic and operational matters and allocating resources. Significant expense categories regularly provided to and reviewed by the CODM are those presented in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States, and substantially all of the Company’s expenses are incurred within the United States, no geographical segments are presented.
Note 14 – Subsequent events
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to August 14, 2026, which is the date that the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. Based on this review, other than described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent event that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-18
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of the results of our operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the notes to those unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Report. All monetary figures are presented in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains not only statements that are historical facts, but also statements that are forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are, by their very nature, uncertain and risky. These risks and uncertainties include international, national, and local general economic and market conditions; our ability to sustain, manage, or forecast growth; our ability to successfully make and integrate acquisitions; new product development and introduction; existing government regulations and changes in, or the failure to comply with, government regulations; adverse publicity; competition; the loss of significant customers or suppliers; fluctuations and difficulty in forecasting operating results; change in business strategy or development plans; business disruptions; the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the ability to protect technology; the risk of foreign currency exchange rate; and other risks that might be detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC.
Although the forward-looking statements in this Report reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based on facts and factors currently known by them. Consequently, and because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, the actual results and outcomes may differ materially from the results and outcomes discussed in the forward-looking statements. You are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report as we attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects.
Overview
GD Culture Group Limited, is a Nevada corporation and a holding company. The Company currently conducts its operations through the Company and its subsidiary, AI Catalysis. The Company’s business focused on artificial intelligence-related initiatives using its existing artificial intelligence and virtual content generation technologies. In May and June 2026, the Company purchased two software – Fato and Fictoiv, at a price of $3.0 million each. Fato is an interactive storytelling application that allows users to influence the storyline through in-app choices, resulting in multiple possible narrative outcomes. Fictoiv is an AI-powered visual novel creation tool that enables users to create interactive visual novels with AI-generated content and branching storylines. The platform operates on a bring-your-own-key (BYOK) model, with project data stored locally on users’ devices
2
Recent Development
Reverse Stock Split
At the Company’s annual shareholder meeting held on December 31, 2025, the Company’s shareholders approved a reverse stock split of the authorized and unauthorized capital stock of the Company, at a ratio ranging between 1-for-2 and 1-for-250, with the exact ratio to be determined by the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) in its sole discretion, to be effected at any time prior to the one-year anniversary of the date of such stockholders’ approval.
On June 16, 2026, The Board approved effecting a 1-for-250 reverse stock split and authorized the filing of a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada. The Reverse Split became effective in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Change on June 29, 2026. The Certificate of Change did not change the par value of common stock. All references in these financial statements to shares, share prices, exercise prices, and other per share information in all periods have been adjusted, on a retroactive basis, to reflect the Reverse Split.
In connection with the Reverse Split, the Company’s outstanding warrants were proportionately adjusted on a 1-for-250 basis. Accordingly, the number of shares of common stock underlying the warrants and the related exercise prices were adjusted to reflect the Reverse Split. Following such adjustments, each warrant continues to be exercisable for one share of the Company’s common stock.
Offering
On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “May 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors for the sale of 4,462 shares of common stock at approximately $131 per share and 37,523 pre-funded warrants (the “May 2025 Pre-Funded Warrants”) at approximately $130.75 per warrant (the “May 2025 Offering”). As of June 30, 2026, the Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4.5 million for subscription of 4,462 shares of its common stock and 29,875 pre-funded warrants. The offering remains ongoing and has not yet been fully completed. Transaction costs incurred through June 30, 2026 included underwriter’s fees of $314,343 and a $20,000 reimbursement for the underwriter’s legal counsel and due diligence expenses. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes.
3
On April 28, 2026, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “April 2026 Sales Agreement”) with the underwriter, under which the Company may issue and sell from time to time, shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of not more than $300,000,000 through the underwriter (the “April 2026 At-the-Market Offering”). From May to June, 2026, the Company sold 2,882,249 shares of common stock in the April 2026 At-the-Market Offering, at the average offering price of approximately $15.6 per share, for aggregated net proceeds of approximately $42 million, after deducting placement agent fees and the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. As of June 30, 2026, the Company received $20.2 million under the April 2026 At-the-Market Offering, with the remaining of approximately $21.5 million held in a brokerage account of the underwriter. Up to the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company received the $21.5 million proceeds in full from the brokerage account.
On June 24, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “June 2026 Purchase Agreement”) with certain institutional investors named thereto (the “Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering (the “June 2026 Offering”) of an aggregate of 1,037,206 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $5.25 per share, for gross proceeds in the amount of approximately $5.45 million. The Company expects to receive net proceeds of approximately $4.9 million after deducting underwriter’s fees of $50,000 and other offering costs of $80,000. The Company used the proceeds from the offering for working capital purposes. As of June 30, 2026, the Company fully received the $4.9 million under the June 2026 Offering.
Software Purchase Agreement
In May 2026, the Company acquired the software copyright of Fato: Interactive Novel (“Fato”) from Dragon Cliff Limited for cash consideration of $3.0 million. Fato is an interactive novel game application that was launched on the Apple App Store in May 2026. The software copyright was available for its intended use upon launch, and the Company commenced amortization of the software copyright in May 2026.
In June 2026, the Company acquired the software copyright of Fictoiv from Lioness Limited for cash consideration of $3.0 million. Fictoiv is an AI-powered visual novel creation software that was launched on the itch.io platform. The software copyright was available for its intended use in June 2026, and the Company commenced amortization of the software copyright in June 2026.
4
Key Factors that Affect Operating Results
Our results of operations are influenced by several factors related to the development of our interactive reading and narrative entertainment platform and our ongoing strategic transition.
Early-Stage Development of Our Platform
We are currently in the early stages of developing our interactive reading and narrative entertainment platform. Because the platform has not yet been commercially launched, our revenues from this business are currently limited or may be limited in the near term. Our operating results may fluctuate as we continue to refine the platform’s technology, features, and business model.
Investment in Technology and Product Development
The development of our platform requires continued investment in technology infrastructure, artificial intelligence capabilities, and product development. As a result, we expect to incur expenses related to research and development, engineering, and platform infrastructure as we continue to build and enhance the platform. The timing and magnitude of these investments may affect our operating expenses and overall financial performance.
Ability to Attract Creators and Users
The success of our platform will depend in part on our ability to attract creators who can develop interactive narrative content and to grow a base of active users who engage with such content. Our operating results may be affected by the level of creator participation, the quantity and quality of available content, and user engagement on the platform.
Monetization and Market Acceptance
Our future revenues will depend on our ability to effectively monetize the platform and achieve market acceptance of our products and services. Potential revenue streams may include platform services, content distribution, or other digital content-related activities. However, the market for interactive narrative and AI-enabled content platforms is evolving, and there can be no assurance that our platform will achieve significant user adoption or generate meaningful revenue.
5
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 vs. June 30, 2025
| For Three Months Ended June 30, | Percentage | |||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (1,000,000 | ) | (300,000 | ) | (700,000 | ) | 233.3 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative | (1,296,954 | ) | (1,022,730 | ) | (274,224 | ) | 26.8 | % | ||||||||
| Research and development expense | (553,000 | ) | (233,333 | ) | (319,667 | ) | 137.0 | % | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (2,849,954 | ) | (1,556,063 | ) | (1,293,891 | ) | 83.2 | % | ||||||||
| Other (expenses) income, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | 2,179 | (2,179 | ) | (100.0 | )% | ||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | (49,281,243 | ) | - | (49,281,243 | ) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
| Realized gain (loss) on fair value changes of digital assets | (28,799 | ) | - | (28,799 | ) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
| Other (expenses) income, net | (49,310,042 | ) | 2,179 | (49,312,221 | ) | (2263067 | )% | |||||||||
| Loss before income tax | (52,159,996 | ) | (1,553,884 | ) | (50,606,112 | ) | 3256.7 | % | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 1,947 | 54,830 | (52,883 | ) | (96.4 | )% | ||||||||||
| Net loss | (52,158,049 | ) | (1,499,054 | ) | (50,658,995 | ) | 3379.4 | % | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to GD Culture Group Limited | (52,158,049 | ) | (1,499,054 | ) | (50,658,995 | ) | 3379.4 | % | ||||||||
Operating Expenses
The Company’s operating expenses include selling and marketing expenses(“S&M”), general and administrative (“G&A”) expenses, research and development (“R&D”) expenses. S&M expenses increased by $700,000 from $300,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 to $1,000,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The increase was mainly rise in brand marketing expenses and the Company’s increased inputs on marketing and advertising for its interactive reading and narrative entertainment platform. G&A expenses increased by $274,224 from $1,022,730 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 to $1,296,954 for the three months ended June 30, 2026. The increase was mainly due to the increase in the amortization of intangible assets. R&D expenses increased to $553,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $233,333 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the Company increased inputs on research and development about its interactive fiction—story platform.
Other (Expenses) Income, Net
The Company’s other expenses increased to $49,310,042 during the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to other income of $2,179 for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets for the three months ended June 30, 2026.
6
Net Loss
The Company’s net loss increased by approximately $50.7 million, or 3379.4%, to approximately $52.2 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2026, from approximately $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by the unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets as discussed above.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 vs. June 30, 2025
| For Six Months Ended June 30, | Percentage | |||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Selling and marketing expenses | (1,000,000 | ) | (300,000 | ) | (700,000 | ) | 233.3 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative | (2,643,758 | ) | (1,960,607 | ) | (683,151 | ) | 34.8 | % | ||||||||
| Research and development expense | (856,000 | ) | (233,333 | ) | (622,667 | ) | 266.9 | % | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (4,499,758 | ) | (2,493,940 | ) | (2,005,818 | ) | 80.4 | % | ||||||||
| Other (expenses) income, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | - | 4,297 | (4,297 | ) | (100.0 | )% | ||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | (211,764,440 | ) | - | (211,764,440 | ) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
| Realized loss on fair value changes of digital assets | (28,799 | ) | - | (28,799 | ) | 100.0 | % | |||||||||
| Sublease rental income | 97,826 | - | 97,826 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Other (expenses) income, net | (211,695,413 | ) | 4,297 | (211,699,710 | ) | (4926686.3 | )% | |||||||||
| Loss before income tax | (216,195,171 | ) | (2,489,643 | ) | (213,705,528 | ) | 8583.8 | % | ||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (28,871 | ) | 13,079 | (41,950 | ) | (320.7 | )% | |||||||||
| Net loss | (216,224,042 | ) | (2,476,564 | ) | (213,747,478 | ) | 8630.8 | % | ||||||||
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (17 | ) | - | (17 | ) | (100.0 | )% | |||||||||
| Net loss attributable to GD Culture Group Limited | (216,224,025 | ) | (2,476,564 | ) | (213,747,461 | ) | 8630.8 | % | ||||||||
Operating Expenses
The Company’s operating expenses include selling and marketing expenses(“S&M”), general and administrative (“G&A”) expenses, research and development (“R&D”) expenses. S&M expenses increased by $700,000 from $300,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $1,000,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The increase was mainly rise in brand marketing expenses and the Company’s increased inputs on marketing and advertising for its interactive reading and narrative entertainment platform. G&A expenses increased by $683,151 from $1,960,607 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 to $2,643,758 for the six months ended June 30, 2026. The increase was mainly due to the increase in the amortization of intangible assets. R&D expenses increased to $856,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $233,333 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the Company increased inputs on research and development about its interactive fiction—story platform.
Other (Expenses) Income, Net
The Company’s other expenses increased to $211,695,413 during the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to other income of $4,297 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets for the six months ended June 30, 2026.
7
Net Loss
The Company’s net loss increased by approximately $213.7 million, or 8630.8%, to approximately $216.2 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2026, from approximately $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by the unrealized loss on fair value changes of digital assets as discussed above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2026, the Company had $7,219,580 in its operating bank accounts and working capital of approximately $36.6 million. The Company has incurred significant losses from operations and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $486 million as of June 30, 2026. The Company has historically financed its operations and liquidity needs primarily through equity financings and other capital-raising activities, including proceeds from its at-the-market offerings and other public offerings.
The Company evaluated its ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern, which requires management to assess whether there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. The management assessed its liquidity position and concluded that the Company will have sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months from the date the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.
The following summarizes the key components of the Company’s cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
| For the Six Months Ended June, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (12,341,854 | ) | $ | (3,708,974 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (6,028,799 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 25,134,155 | 4,804,172 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate change on cash and cash equivalents | 37 | 24 | ||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 6,763,539 | $ | 1,095,222 | ||||
Operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $12.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $3.7 million net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was approximately $216.2 million, as compared to approximately $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The year-over-year increase in net loss was largely offset, for purposes of determining operating cash flows, by an approximately $212.2 million increase in non-cash adjustments, primarily attributable to higher unrealized losses from changes in the fair value of digital assets and increased amortization of intangible assets. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in an approximately $7.1 million increase in net cash used in operating activities, mainly attribute to the increase of prepayments made to third parties for selling and marketing services and research and development services. This increase was partially offset by an increase in other payables and accrued liabilities, which primarily attributable to the accrual of research and development expenses incurred but not yet paid.
8
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to $nil for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was due to the purchase of intangible assets of $6.0 million and purchase of digital assets of $100,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2026, partially offset by the Proceeds from disposal of digital assets of $71,201.
Financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $25.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to approximately $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase in cash flow from financing activities primarily due to the proceeds from April 2026 At-the-Market Offering and June 2026 Offering.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company prepares its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts the Company reports as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the related disclosures. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The Company’s actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
The Company identified the following critical accounting estimates.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company’s determination of whether or not an indication of impairment exists at the cash generating unit level requires significant management judgment pertaining to intangible assets, including a software copyright of AI Box, which is used for online living-stream and a software copyright of Chat Box, which is used for online interactive entertainment scenarios, as well as the operating Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, including the offices of the Company. Management considers both external and internal sources of information in assessing whether there are any indications that the Company’s intangible assets and ROU assets are impaired. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company did not recognize any impairment losses in long-lived assets.
Digital assets
The Company holds digital assets primarily for investment and treasury purposes rather than for use in the ordinary course of business. Based on management’s intent and expected holding period, digital assets are classified as either current or non-current assets.
In accordance with ASU 2023-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Crypto Assets, digital assets are accounted for as intangible assets measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized immediately in earnings. Digital assets are initially recorded at cost, including acquisition-related fees (see Note 1). Subsequent to initial recognition, digital assets are measured at fair value at each reporting date, and unrealized gains and losses are included in the statement of operations. Upon disposal, the difference between proceeds and carrying amount is recognized as a gain or loss in earnings. The Company discloses the number of units held, cost basis, fair value, and any significant restrictions on the ability to sell or transfer digital assets in the Note 3 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
9
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) which requires detailed disclosures in the notes to financial statements disaggregating specific expense categories and certain other disclosures to provide enhanced transparency into the nature and function of expenses. The FASB further clarified the effective date in January 2025 with the issuance of ASU 2025-01, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The requirements should be applied on a prospective basis while retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect to adopt this guidance early and does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its future unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In March 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Credit Losses (Topic 326): Simplifications to the Accounting for Short-Term Receivables and Contract Assets. The update introduces practical expedients that allow entities to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets by permitting certain assumptions regarding current conditions and expectations of future economic conditions. The amendments are intended to reduce the complexity and cost of applying the current expected credit loss model for short-term financial assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the applicability of interim reporting guidance, consolidates interim disclosure requirements within Topic 270, and establishes a disclosure principle for material events and changes occurring since the end of the most recent fiscal year. The amendments are effective for public business entities for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments modernize the accounting for internal-use software costs by removing references to software development project stages and introducing new criteria for determining when software development costs should be capitalized, including consideration of significant development uncertainty. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
We do not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive loss and statements of cash flows.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Digital Asset Market Price Risk
The Company is exposed to market risk arising from fluctuations in the market price of Bitcoin held by the Company. The market prices of Bitcoin have historically experienced significant volatility and may continue to fluctuate significantly in the future. Changes in the market prices of the Company’s Bitcoin holdings may result in significant fluctuations in their carrying values and gains or losses recognized in the Company’s results of operations. Accordingly, a significant decline in the market prices of Bitcoin held by the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
As of June 30, 2026, the fair value of the Company’s Bitcoin holdings was approximately $451 million. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the market prices of Bitcoin as of June 30, 2026 would have resulted in a decrease of approximately $45 million in the carrying value of the Company’s Bitcoin holdings, with a corresponding impact on the Company’s results of operations.
10
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer (the “Certifying Officers”), we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
11
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 before making an investment in our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected if any of these risks occurs, and as a result, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. There are no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth below.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
12
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| Exhibit Number | Description | |
| 31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a). | |
| 31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a). | |
| 32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350. | |
| 32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. 1350. | |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. | |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
13
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on August 14, 2026.
| GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED | ||
| Date: August 14, 2026 | By: | /s/ Xiaojian Wang |
| Name: | Xiaojian Wang | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer, President and | |
| Chairman of the Board | ||
| Date: August 14, 2026 | By: | /s/ Zihao Zhao |
| Name: | Zihao Zhao | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | |
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
14
ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS
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