Form 10-K LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES For: Jun 30

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Certain statements and information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, opinions, expectations, beliefs, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are not statements of historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue,” or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the “Risk Factors”. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may not occur, and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that may materially affect the forward-looking statements include the risk factors summarized below.

 

The factors identified below are believed to be important factors, but not necessarily all of the important factors, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made by us. Other factors not discussed herein could also have a material adverse effect on us. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, there can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we anticipate. Forward-looking statements represent management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should read this Annual Report on Form 10-K completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

 

The following is a list of factors, among others, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements: the likelihood that we will need additional capital to sustain our operations in the future and to repay indebtedness; our ability to become and maintain profitability; our reliance on a few key customers; our reliance on a limited number of suppliers for key materials; the impact that international tariffs may have on our business and results of operations; the impact of political and other risks as a result of our sales to international customers and/or our sourcing of materials from international suppliers; our ability to protect and maintain our intellectual property.

 

As a result of the foregoing, no assurance can be given as to future financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

 

 

PART I

 

Item 1. Business.

 

General

 

Our Company

 

LightPath Technologies, Inc. (“LightPath”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) was incorporated under Delaware law in 1992 as the successor to LightPath Technologies Limited Partnership, a New Mexico limited partnership formed in 1989, and its predecessor, Integrated Solar Technologies Corporation, a New Mexico corporation formed in 1985. Today, LightPath is a global company with facilities in the United States and the Republic of Latvia. Our corporate headquarters is located in Orlando, Florida.

 

Historically, we operated with a focus on optical component manufacturing, and specifically on our leadership position as a precision molded lens manufacturer for visual light applications. We expanded our addressable market with the acquisition of ISP (as defined below), a manufacturer of infrared optical components, in December 2016. Since 2020, our strategy has been to move up the value chain by producing optical assemblies, modules and simple cameras. Through acquisitions, we have continued to enhance our abilities on cameras and sensors and speed our movement up the value chain in line with our strategy of value-add infrared systems.

 

Subsidiaries

 

ISP and ISP Latvia

 

In December 2016, we acquired ISP Optics Corporation, a New York corporation (“ISP”), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, ISP Optics Latvia, SIA, a limited liability company founded in 1998 under the Laws of the Republic of Latvia (“ISP Latvia”). ISP is a vertically integrated manufacturer offering a full range of infrared products from custom infrared optical elements to catalog and high-performance lens assemblies. ISP’s manufacturing operation is located at our corporate headquarters facility in Orlando, Florida (the “Orlando Facility”). ISP Latvia is a manufacturer of high precision optics and offers a full range of infrared products, including catalog and custom infrared optics. ISP Latvia’s manufacturing facility is located in Riga, Latvia (the “Riga Facility”).

 

Visimid

 

In July 2023, we acquired Liebert Consulting, LLC, dba Visimid Technologies (“Visimid”), an engineering and design firm, specializing in thermal imaging, night vision and internet of things (“IOT”) applications. Visimid provides design and consulting services for U.S. Department of Defense (“DoD”) contractors, commercial and industrial customers, and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for original new products. Visimid’s core competency is developing and producing custom thermal and night vision cores. Visimid’s facility is located in Plano, Texas.

 

G5 Infrared

 

In February 2025, we acquired G5 Infrared LLC (“G5 Infrared”), a New Hampshire limited liability company. G5 Infrared is a leading vertically-integrated manufacturer of high-performance infrared camera systems and imaging solutions, specializing in advanced thermal imaging technology and long-range mission-critical detection solutions. G5 Infrared’s existing revenue and future growth pipeline are driven by established multi-year contracts and multiple defense programs of record in shipboard long-range surveillance, border security, and counter unmanned aerial systems (“C-UAS”) systems, as well as recurring federal, naval, and law enforcement programs. Additionally, G5 Infrared is an industry-leading provider of cutting-edge advanced infrared coatings, including for materials such as LightPath’s BlackDiamond^TM (“BlackDiamond”) glass. G5 Infrared operates from a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Hudson, New Hampshire. We believe that this acquisition strengthens LightPath’s position as a leader in infrared imaging by expanding the Company’s portfolio to include cooled infrared cameras. The combination of LightPath and G5 Infrared creates a more robust, vertically-integrated solutions provider.

 

Amorphous Materials

 

In January 2026, we acquired the assets of Amorphous Materials, Inc. through our newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary, Amorphous Materials, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“AML”). AML specializes in infrared glass fabrication, and operates from a manufacturing facility in Garland, Texas. We believe that this acquisition further strengthens LightPath's position as a leader in infrared imaging by expanding our materials portfolio and glass fabrication capabilities.

 

LPOIZ

 

In February 2023, we combined the operations of our two wholly owned China subsidiaries, LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“LPOI”) and LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd. (“LPOIZ”), with LPOIZ as the surviving company. LPOIZ’s manufacturing facility (the “Zhenjiang Facility”) provided a lower cost structure for production of larger volumes of optical components and assemblies. In July 2026, we announced that we had entered into a definitive agreement to sell and transfer 100% of our equity interest in LPOIZ, including the Zhenjiang Facility and its operations in China, to Hengtu Optical Technology Co., Ltd., which is owned by members of LPOIZ's incumbent management team. The transaction is expected to close in September 2026. As a condition to the sale, LPOIZ agreed to continue to supply products to LightPath as a third-party vendor.

 

 

 

Industry

 

We and our customers support a wide range of industries, including defense, public safety, industrial, commercial, telecom, medical and more. A commonality among these industries is the use of photonics as an enabling technology in their products.

 

Over the last ten years we have witnessed a pivotal shift in the adoption of infrared photonics in new applications. In the early days of the technology it was a specialty application, developed by and between optical engineers and required highly specialized technical knowledge. As applications have increased and costs have decreased, adaptation and knowledge has shifted from the customer to the supplier (LightPath). This is true for industrial and commercial applications and especially true in defense applications which is where we have seen the most growth in the past few years and into the future.

 

The accelerated rate of adoption and highly diversified industries and applications utilizing an expanding array of photonics technologies brought a change in both the needs of the customers and the supply chain, to support those needs. In the past, we and other component suppliers mostly served customers that specialized in photonics. The large OEMs focused on component companies as a significant supply source for optical parts and minor fabrication and assemblies. OEMs typically produced their own designs and relied on their suppliers to fulfill their needs without any strategic product planning, investment or collaboration. This supply chain was fragmented and consisted of a large number of small companies, many of which had particular specialties in the fabrication process. Often times these types of activities are referred to as build-to-print, as the OEM customer would design the lens down to the final manufacturing prints and the vendor would focus on producing according to those prints.

 

As the industry has evolved, and sensory, visualization, and imaging capabilities have become differentiators among suppliers, there are an increasing number of customers in a myriad of industries with specialized requirements for an expanding array of products that need to be addressed. As photonics technology continues to develop, leading to broader adaptation and application across more industries, and with customers now possessing expertise in different technologies, customers’ supply chain needs have evolved. In our case, the change has created opportunities to now serve OEM customers for which photonics is only one of several technologies they embed into their products. While in the past our typical customer viewed optics as their specialty and hence they designed all aspects of their systems and outsourced only the component fabrication, this is not the case with our newer customers. Many of our current and potential customers do not wish or do not have the capability to design and build the optical portion of their products in-house. As such, the fragmented supply chain that existed in our industry in order to serve customers on the component level, is not relevant for customers that view optics as only a part of their system, and not a core capability or function. For these customers, LightPath is well positioned to become their solutions partner for their optics needs. By tapping into the domain knowledge and design, assembly and testing capabilities of solutions providers like LightPath, the customer can avoid making the large investment needed for them to develop those capabilities in-house. We refer to this ecosystem as “optical engineered solutions,” and believe we are positioned to serve as a single source, global provider of optical solutions with leading engineering and manufacturing capabilities. This has led to our development of a new strategy and organizational alignment which is further discussed below.

 

Growth Strategy 

 

Since our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Sam Rubin, joined the Company in 2020, we have been developing a new strategy that will transition the Company from a pure component manufacturer to a supplier of imaging subsystems and systems. Our strategic direction, which is based on our core technological differentiators such as our BlackDiamond glass and proprietary molding technologies, significantly increases our value add to customers. Management believes this transition, which is occurring both organically and through acquisitions, such as the July 2023 acquisition of Visimid, the February 2025 acquisition of G5 Infrared and the January 2026 acquisition of AML, will position the Company for significant growth and higher profitability in coming years. These acquisitions have also added to our technological differentiators.

 

Understanding the shifts that are happening in the marketplace and the changes that come when a technology, like photonics, moves from being a specialty to being integrated into mainstream industries and applications, we redefined our strategic direction to provide our wide customer base with domain expertise in optics, and became their partner for the optical engine of their systems. In our view, as the use of photonics evolves, so do customer needs. The industry is transforming from a fragmented industry with a component oriented supply chain, into a solution-focused industry with the potential for partnerships for solution development and production. Over the last couple of years we have worked to align our organization to this strategy, and leverage our in-house domain expertise in photonics, knowledge and experience in advanced optical technologies, and the necessary manufacturing techniques and capabilities. We have been developing these partnerships by working closely with our customers throughout their design process, designing optical solutions that are tailored to their needs, often times using unique technologies that we own, and supplying the customer with a complete optical subsystem to be integrated into their product. Such an approach builds on our unique, value-added technologies that we currently own, such as infrared materials, optical molding, fabrication, system design, and proprietary manufacturing technologies, along with technologies that we acquired through the Visimid acquisition, such as video processing, and technologies from the G5 Infrared acquisition, such as long range imaging using cooled midwave cameras. The acquisition of AML further expanded our portfolio of infrared materials. Continually adding differentiating technologies is key to our strategy and we expect to continue to do so both organically and through acquisitions.

 

 

Examples of this strategic approach can be found in many of our recent new product lines. We refer to these as LightPath 2.0 and 3.0, as that symbolizes the evolution of the Company. LightPath 2.0 refers to our assemblies and LightPath 3.0 refers to our cameras and related subsystems and systems. Like any company, a successful implementation of a strategy depends heavily on differentiators. In our case, those differentiators mostly tend to be technologies and capabilities. Over the last few years we have worked to, and will continue to work to, add and evolve our differentiators. Some of our differentiators currently include our unique BlackDiamond materials, optical system design capabilities, glass molding technology, processing of thermal images, and long range imaging technologies. Examples of how those differentiators translate into revenue include our multispectral Mantis camera, our missile program with Lockheed Martin, our long range cameras for border patrol and C-UAS applications, and a number of other system and subsystem level products and programs that are enabled by these technologies. We continue to re-design products, including G5 Infrared cameras, to eliminate Germanium from the bill of materials, leveraging the advantages of our BlackDiamond materials as alternative to Germanium.

 

The shift in strategy and product offerings also shifts the price range of our product portfolio and indirectly drives growth in and of itself. Historically, as a pure component Company, the average selling prices (“ASPs”) of those products were measured in single dollars or tens of dollars, whereas with the development of our assemblies product line (i.e. LightPath 2.0), ASPs for those products are measured in hundreds of dollars. When we added cameras, subsystems and systems (LightPath 3.0), ASPs for those products are measured in tens of thousands, and sometimes hundreds of thousands of dollars.

 

Organizational Alignment 

 

Along with the development of a new strategic direction, we are focused on the execution of a complementary strategic plan. To execute our new strategic plan, we also need, among other things, a strong manufacturing and technical organization that provides the domain expertise in photonics from the design of an optical engineered solution tailored for the customer’s needs through the manufacturing, assembly and testing of such a sub-system. Given the fast pace of advancements in photonics technologies, achieving a sustainable advantage will also depend on having unique capabilities and technologies that allow our team to design and deliver the tailored solutions demanded by customers. 

 

LightPath today is very different than what we were five years ago, and LightPath five years from now will be very different than what we are today. An evolving organization also needs an evolving structure that is aligned with its strategy, growth and all other related changes. Additionally, we have used mergers and acquisitions as a tool to acquire technologies, teams and products, and expect to continue to do so with future acquisitions. Success of an acquisition happens not only because of a good plan, but more importantly because of a successful implementation of the plan and cultural alignment. This too leads to an ever-evolving organization and dynamic alignment of such organization.

 

In the first few years of our transformation our focus was on alignment of the core LightPath organization. Developing the appropriate engineering disciplines and aligning manufacturing capacity and capabilities globally, including the sunsetting of old product lines, among other changes. Once this was in place, we turned our focus to developing our differentiators. Starting from licensing from NRL, developing new BlackDiamond glasses through our first camera products in the form of Mantis, our multispectral camera, and more. Upon acquiring Visimid, we aligned the organization around the capabilities and products Visimid brought.

 

Acquiring G5 Infrared in February 2025 brought both new capabilities and products in the form of their long range cooled infrared cameras, and added capacity in the form of optical coating services. G5 Infrared’s operational integration with LightPath commenced soon after the acquisition. The complementary nature of the LightPath materials and optics capabilities and G5 Infrared’s system level camera quickly led the teams to start working together resulting in new products that have been announced already (such as the Germanium-free cameras) or that are in development.

 

The acquisition of AML in January 2026 further expanded our infrared materials portfolio and expanded our infrared glass manufacturing capabilities.

 

Today, the different teams across LightPath work well together and leverage each other’s capabilities in design and manufacturing. As we continue to evolve, both organically and through acquisitions, we plan to regularly review our array of capabilities and resources across the entire organization, and continuously align the organization to make best use of those.

 

In the longer term, we have identified capabilities and technologies that could be important differentiators, including, for example, optical detectors and active optical components such as lasers, motion systems, and more. The aggregation of such unique technologies is intended to allow us to differentiate our optical solutions and provide customers with products that are tailored exactly to their needs.

 

Technologies

 

We believe that to be the preferred partner to fulfill the photonics needs of our customers, domain expertise and differentiating technologies in photonics are key elements. Optics and photonics require multidisciplinary skills, including physics, mechanical engineering, material sciences, electrical engineering, and chemistry, among others. This is part of what makes using photonics so complicated, and at the same time part of what we see as the opportunity. Knowing what can and cannot be produced, designing the architecture and detailed design of the optical system, including electrical and mechanical interfaces, choosing and executing advanced manufacturing technologies, and delivering both the engineering prototypes that are needed, as well as producing a high volume of goods for the long-term, are all part of the domain expertise required. Additionally, to design the best solution for a customer, we not only need to know what can be produced and how to design it, we also must have unique capabilities that differentiate our solutions. Such technologies allow us to develop solutions and sub systems that outperform other solutions in size, weight, power, and cost.

 

 

Along those lines, we continue to focus on developing, acquiring and licensing new, innovative capabilities and technologies in all of our engineering and manufacturing groups, including systems design and testing, optical fabrication of components, material production, optical coatings, and electro mechanical design and production such as the following:

 

	●	Infrared Imaging Technologies. Our optical solutions strategy focuses around infrared imaging. Infrared imaging is a growing market, with technology that is evolving at a fast rate, and in which we have distinct advantages, based on our core technologies. Continually evolving and developing our technologies is key to maintaining and continuing to build and develop technical leadership, which translates to better products, which translate to creating value, and capturing value. While the basis of our infrared technology originally centered around infrared materials and optics, it has become more than that. As we evolve from a pure optics company to an integrator and solution provider, our differentiating technologies are evolving. Those differentiating technologies are often at a system or application level, rather than at the component or material level. Some of those technologies are gained through acquisitions, such as Visimid, and most recently G5 Infrared, which added advanced cooled, long-range infrared camera systems to our portfolio. G5 Infrared’s expertise in system integration, image stabilization, and ruggedized, defense-qualified platforms significantly expands our capabilities beyond uncooled solutions and imaging systems, positioning us as one of the few companies capable of addressing the full spectrum of infrared imaging applications, from compact commercial cameras to long-range defense and border security systems.
		A key differentiator of our infrared imaging portfolio is the integration of our proprietary BlackDiamond materials into camera designs. Unlike Germanium, which is subject to severe supply chain constraints and geopolitical risks, BlackDiamond materials are U.S.-produced and globally sourced, offering secure supply and unique technical benefits such as multispectral performance and low thermo-optic coefficients. In 2025, we announced the redesign of several G5 Infrared cooled cameras, where Germanium lenses were replaced with lenses made from BlackDiamond materials. This shift not only mitigates supply chain risk for Germanium but also improves system performance, lowers thermal sensitivity, and reduces cost. Other recent examples of such system-level capabilities include our development of a novel, unique approach to shutterless imaging that we can apply to microbolometer based cameras, and development of a technology for early detection of flames and fires using a combination of optical technologies and sophisticated image processing algorithms.

 

	●	Optical Assemblies and Testing. When we began shifting our focus from optical components to solutions, doing more optical assemblies was a natural first step for us. During the first couple of years of implementing our new strategic direction, our team expanded our optical assemblies business and capabilities considerably. As our reputation in the assemblies space grew, so did the level of complexity of assemblies and sub-systems customers request of us. This trend was recently amplified when we began making available our new, exclusive infrared glass materials, which enable customers to design systems that far exceed the performance of existing systems using conventional materials.
		BlackDiamond materials provide a unique advantage in our assemblies. Because these glasses are designed, produced, and integrated within LightPath, we can deliver assemblies with unmatched speed and flexibility, ensuring shorter lead times for our customers. Moreover, our ability to build assemblies that are not based on Germanium optics gives us a differentiated position in the defense and security markets, where supply chain risk and strategic sourcing are increasingly critical factors. These assemblies not only reduce reliance on foreign-controlled materials but also offer superior optical performance in multispectral and athermalized designs.   Often, the new systems requested by customers require us to develop new assembly and testing capabilities. Each such new capability and technique we develop for such projects become another capability and technique we can market and offer to other customers. We expect this will create self-perpetuating development opportunities as our new capabilities and techniques bring in more business that may, again, require continuing development of new techniques.

 

	●	Materials. Materials play an important role in providing design flexibility and allow tradeoffs between optical performance, weight, and performance in varying conditions. Additionally, the infrared imaging industry has traditionally relied heavily on the use of Germanium and Gallium (in the form of GaAs glass), which China dominates the supply of both materials and has been restricting its export. Traditionally, infrared applications have only a small number of materials, almost all of which are crystal based, with Germanium being the most commonly used material. Over the last few years LightPath has been investing in developing and commercializing our BlackDiamond glasses (which are labeled with a “BD” prefix) as alternatives to using Germanium. Some of these materials such as BD6 and BD2, are generic, and are produced by at least two other companies. The crown jewels of our materials, the BDNL type, are exclusive to us, and the most impactful to our products and to the market as a whole in terms of technology, innovation and value creation. In December 2021 we secured an exclusive license from the U.S. government for the Chalcogenide materials that have been developed by the NRL. Following a two-year effort to transition those new materials into production, we began making available for commercial use some of those new materials, starting with the introduction of BDNL-4 in April 2024. Our BlackDiamond materials offer multiple advantages over materials, such as Germanium. It is estimated that over 60% of the global Germanium supply originates from China, with Russia historically being the second largest supplier, until the trade restrictions related to the Ukraine war. Restrictions on supply from Russia and China have increased prices of Germanium from around $1,000 per Kg a few years ago, to a price of over $6,000 per Kg today. Additionally, supply of Germanium has considerably shrunk and for most customers and applications is not available at all.
		Our BlackDiamond materials, which are made in the USA and produced from raw ingredients available from many countries all over the globe, offer an alternative to the use of Germanium in infrared systems. Knowing that our materials are produced domestically and have a secure supply chain has been driving sales growth in our business and in particular in the defense sector. In addition to providing an alternative to the use of Germanium, the new materials we licensed exclusively from the NRL have unique technical advantages compared to traditional materials, including multispectral performance and low thermo-optic coefficients, making them less affected by changes in environmental temperature. The combination of providing an alternative to the use of Germanium and Gallium, together with distinct technological advantages, make these materials which we own exclusively, a very desirable and key element in every future infrared system.   As described above in Growth Strategy, we leverage these unique advantages to become not only the supplier of choice for materials and optics, but also to be producer of the subsystems and complete imaging solutions, a much larger part of the system than we previously had as a component manufacturer. The importance of those materials, both from a supply chain resilience perspective as well as from a technology leadership perspective has led to some significant collaborations and efforts together with various governmental groups, and in particular with the U.S. DoD. As announced on several separate occasions, LightPath has received funded development contracts from the U.S. DoD, the Defense Logistics Agency, the European Space Agency, and the U.S. Army, among others. Those fundings are all aimed at accelerating the qualification of the materials for use in their respective applications. We continue to develop those technical capabilities and materials, both using internal funding and federal funding. We expect infrared materials to continue to be an important technology in our portfolio.

 

 

	●	High precision molded lenses. Historically, precision molding of lenses is the key technology we have built upon. Precision molding of optics is a unique technology that is well suited for both high volume production of optical components, as well as production of optics with unique shapes, which otherwise would require a very lengthy and complex process to individually polish each lens to shape. Precision molded optics (“PMOs”) is a technology in which we continuously invest to pursue advancements in what materials can be molded and the shapes and sizes of the optics we can mold. Although there are several other competitors that can mold optical elements, we have an established leadership position in this area as the original developer of the technology, and we believe we are the preferred vendor for the most complex, high-end projects of many of our customers. Some recent advancements we have made in precision molded optics include molding of non-symmetric shapes such as freeform optical components, and qualifying new materials for availability as moldable materials.
	●	Traditional polishing and diamond turned optics. Our capabilities include a wide range of traditional fabrication processes. These include CNC (computer numerical control) grinding and polishing of optical elements, traditional grinding and polishing of lenses, and diamond turning of infrared materials.
	●	Optical coatings. Thin film coatings are designed to reduce losses and protect the optical material, which are a key part of any optical system. Through our recent investments, we have the ability to coat lenses in all of our facilities, providing efficient, high quality antireflective coatings, as well as reflective and protective coatings. Our coating facilities employ both physical vapor deposition techniques as well as chemical vapor deposition techniques. In addition to our library of dozens of standard coatings, our coating engineers often design coatings specific for an application, optimizing the performance of the system for a specific customer use. One of our most known advanced coatings is Diamond Like Carbon, which provides materials such as chalcogenide glass significant environmental protection. This coating is currently available only at a small number of vendors, and is an example of a capability that we believe gives us a competitive advantage by allowing us to design better optical solutions.

 

New Product Development

 

Consistent with our strategic plan, we have focused our development efforts in recent years on products, technologies and capabilities that allow us to provide better solutions using the most optimal technology for each customer and with alignment to customer product lifecycle. As much of our current and future growth is centered around thermal imaging, naturally our new product efforts are too. In fiscal year 2026, that included both enabling technologies such as our BlackDiamond glasses, as well as assemblies and cameras.

 

Our BlackDiamond glasses are an important enabling technology to much of our assemblies and camera systems. Besides offering an alternative to using Germanium as a lens material, optics made from our various BlackDiamond materials offer unique properties that can be very useful in system design. For example, some BlackDiamond materials have a negative, or even zero thermo-optic coefficient, making them very useful when designing a system that needs to operate across a wide range of temperatures. Other materials feature low dispersion, making them very useful for systems that need to work across a wide range of wavelengths.

 

We leverage those characteristics to develop advanced optical systems and cameras that we can offer as standard, or custom systems to our customers. Some of those systems are multispectral, meaning they operate in more than one part of the spectrum simultaneously. Mantis is an uncooled camera that images in both midwave and longwave parts of the spectrum, a capability made possible with the use of one of our BDNL materials. We also have been developing other multispectral assemblies such as ones that image in both the shortwave and midwave portion of the spectrum. We intend to continue to develop our multispectral portfolio, as we have a significant advantage in that area, and the detector technology is evolving, making multispectral imaging a possibility that did not exist easily before.

 

 

We also use BlackDiamond in some of our camera systems. In August 2025 we announced completing the redesign of two cooled midwave cameras made by G5 infrared, which we acquired in February of that year. Eliminating Germanium from those cameras was made possible by using a BlackDiamond glass as an alternative material. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to offer a midwave uncooled camera that does not require any Germanium lenses. That too is an advantage we plan to continue to leverage.

 

Lastly, we have new product development ongoing in other imaging technologies, such as a shutterless operation of uncooled thermal cameras, image stabilization software and more.

 

We incurred expenditures for new product development of approximately $3.8 million and $3.1 million during fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively.

 

In some cases, our product and technology development is supported through billing of engineering services, such as non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) fees. In other cases, we receive external funding, such as our previously announced funding from Space Florida’s Space Foundation and Israel’s Ministry of Science, and the U.S. DoD (via the Defense Logistics Agency). Our efforts are self-funded in all other cases.

 

As part of our product development and research and development efforts, we have numerous employees with engineering and related advanced degrees located in our facilities in the U.S. and Latvia. Our facilities in Orlando, Florida, Plano, Texas, and Hudson, New Hampshire are located in or near industrial technology campuses with substantial access to optical industry constituencies, including a major university. This enables us and our staff to remain on the cutting edge of industry design trends and to enter into collaborative engagements.

 

Product Groups and Markets

 

Overview

 

We categorize our products into four product groups: (i) infrared components, (ii) visible components, (iii) assemblies and modules, and (iv) engineering services. G5 Infrared’s revenue is generally derived from infrared components (including coating services) and assemblies and modules.

 

Infrared Components Product Group. Our infrared product group is comprised of both molded and turned infrared lenses using a variety of infrared glass materials. This product group also includes revenue from sales of our BlackDiamond glass materials, AML's infrared glass materials, and G5 Infrared’s coating services. This product group includes both molded, conventional and CNC ground and polished lenses. Advances in chalcogenide materials have enabled compression molding for mid-wave (“MWIR”) and long-wave (“LWIR”) optics in a process similar to precision molded lenses. Our molded infrared optics technology enables high performance, cost-effective infrared aspheric lenses that do not rely on traditional diamond turning or lengthy polishing methods. Utilizing precision molded aspheric optics significantly reduces the number of lenses required for typical thermal imaging systems and the cost to manufacture these lenses. Molding is an excellent alternative to traditional lens processing methods particularly where volume and repeatability is required.

 

We offer Germanium, silicon or zinc selenide aspheres and spherical lenses, which are manufactured by diamond turning. This manufacturing technique allows us to offer larger lens sizes and the ability to use other optical materials that cannot be effectively molded. Our numerous manufacturing capabilities allow us to meet complex optical challenges that demand more exotic optical substrate materials that are non-moldable, as well as larger size optics.

 

We also manufacture chalcogenide glass from which we produce infrared lenses. We developed this glass and melt it internally to produce our BlackDiamond glass, which has been trademarked, and is marketed as BD6. Historically, the majority of our thermal imaging products have been germanium-based, which is subject to market pricing and availability. BD6 offers a lower-cost alternative to germanium, which is beneficial to the cost structure of some of our current infrared products and we expect it will allow us to continue to expand our product offerings in response to the markets’ increasing requirement for low-cost infrared optics applications. During fiscal year 2024, we also formally announced availability of BDNL-4, the first of our new materials licensed from the NRL. BDNL-4 is unique because it has a negative thermo-optic coefficient, an attribute that is key in a-thermalization of optical systems.

 

We have the capability to manufacture lenses from very small (with diameters of sub-millimeter) to over 300 millimeters, and with focal lengths from approximately 0.4 millimeters to over 2000 millimeters, utilizing our various manufacturing methods. In addition, we offer both catalog and custom designed infrared optics.

 

Overall, we anticipate moderate growth for our infrared components, particularly as our germanium alternatives continue to be adopted into new applications and designs. This product group also supports our assemblies and modules product group.

 

 

Visible Components Product Group. Aspheric lenses are known for their optimal performance. Aspheric lenses simplify and shrink optical systems by replacing several conventional lenses. However, aspheric lenses can be difficult and costly to machine. Our glass molding technology enables the production of both low and high volumes of aspheric optics, while still maintaining the highest quality at an affordable price. Molding is the most consistent and economical way to produce aspheres and we have perfected this method to offer the most precise molded aspheric lenses available.

 

Assemblies and Modules Product Group. Our assemblies and modules product group is comprised of both optical assemblies such as lens systems, and cameras, both in the form of camera modules and complete camera systems. Historically this product group also included optical fiber collimators and some visible lens assemblies, however those are now a very small part of our activity, making infrared cameras and assemblies the most dominant part of this group. Today, the majority of the revenue of this group is derived from cameras made in our Texas facility (uncooled camera systems and modules), cameras made in our New Hampshire facility (cooled cameras for long range surveillance and detection), and optical assemblies such as standard off the shelf lens assemblies, and custom lens assemblies. The latter are produced mainly in Orlando.

 

Engineering Services Product Group. We develop products pursuant to development agreements that we enter into with customers. Typically, customers approach us and request that we develop new products or applications utilizing our existing products to fit their particular needs or specifications. The purpose of those engineering services that we offer is not only to provide purely engineering services for a customer, but also to engineer new products which we later manufacture for the customer. The timing and extent of any such product development requests are unpredictable and outside of our control.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Marketing. Because we offer raw optical materials, semi-finished components and finished assemblies, modules and cameras, we sell to customers positioned at different levels of the supply chain, and our marketing must address several distinct buying groups. In some cases we sell materials, optical components and assemblies to the same customer through separate programs and separate technical contacts. Our customers are principally defense prime contractors and system integrators that incorporate our materials, optical components, assemblies and cameras into their own systems, together with government agencies, industrial and laser equipment OEMs, industrial inspection and measurement equipment manufacturers, medical instrumentation manufacturers and research institutions. We sell primarily to integrators rather than to end users. Our marketing activities include digital advertising, our website, social media, direct marketing, and technical content directed to design engineers and program technical staff. As a greater portion of our revenue has come from customized solutions supplied to integrators rather than from standard catalog components, our marketing has placed less emphasis on individual component specifications and more on application requirements, system-level performance and end-user outcomes.

 

Sales Model and Structure. Our commercial organization comprises a sales function led by our Senior Vice President of Sales and a business development function, supported by product management and technical project management. The sales function is responsible for customer relationships, contract vehicles and channel partners. The business development function is responsible for identifying and qualifying new programs, and includes solutions architecture resources that work with customers on system requirements before a product is specified. Technical project management coordinates customer requirements with our engineering and manufacturing capacity and supports the development efforts through which we extend our portfolio of capabilities. Product management is part of our go-to-market organization and supports the positioning and growth of our infrared imaging portfolio.

 

Sales Team and Channel. We sell through a direct sales organization covering North America and Europe, supported by sales representatives in certain international territories and by distributors, through which we serve customers in Asia and other regions. Our products reach customers through several channels: direct sales to defense prime contractors and system integrators, sales under government contract vehicles, and catalog and stocking distribution for standard products. Our sales engineers are assigned by account and application. Because our products are generally designed into a customer’s system, our selling process is technical and consultative, beginning with the customer’s system requirements before a product is specified, and typically involves an extended qualification cycle. We maintain our website (www.lightpath.com), social media presence, and email communications as channels for technical content and customer engagement. Information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

 

Trade Shows. We exhibit our products, introduce new offerings and meet with customers, end users and industry participants at defense, security and photonics conferences in North America and Europe. Events in which we participate on a recurring basis include SPIE Photonics West in San Francisco, California; SPIE Optifab in Rochester, New York; the SHOT Show in Las Vegas, Nevada; the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) Annual Meeting and Exposition in Washington, D.C.; SOF Week in Tampa, Florida; AUVSI Xponential; the Border Security Expo; and Homeland Security Week in National Harbor, Maryland. In Europe we participate in DSEI in London, United Kingdom, and Eurosatory in Paris, France, each of which is held biennially in alternating years. In September 2026 we participated for the first time in MSPO in Kielce, Poland, the largest defense exhibition in Central and Eastern Europe. We exhibit at certain of these events. At others we participate without an exhibit, meeting with customers, prime contractors and government program offices on the exhibit floor and attending technical and program briefings. The composition of the events in which we participate is weighted toward defense and security end markets, consistent with the composition of our revenue. Our participation supports brand awareness, business development relationships, and insight into customer requirements and technology trends in our target markets.

 

 

Competition

 

We are vertically integrated, with offerings ranging from raw optical materials to semi-finished components and finished assemblies, modules and cameras. We therefore compete at multiple levels of the optics supply chain, and our competitors vary by product group, end market and geography. In some cases, we are both a supplier to and a competitor of the same company — a customer that purchases optical components or materials from us may also produce infrared cameras that compete with ours. This is common in the defense industry, where companies routinely supply one another with materials, components and subsystems. As we broaden our product offerings, add services and expand into additional geographies, our competitive landscape continues to change and we encounter new competitors.

 

The global market for optical components and assemblies is fragmented and competitive. We compete principally on optical performance, size and weight, the ability to design or modify a product to a customer’s specific requirements, unit price, delivery lead time and the location of manufacture. Our manufacturing operations are located in the United States and Latvia. Our competitive position rests substantially on our precision molded optics technology and on our vertical integration in infrared, which allows us to control design and manufacturing from raw material through finished assembly, including in certain cases sensors and electronics. Our scale also allows us to pursue lower-volume, application-specific programs that certain larger competitors do not.

 

Raw material cost and availability are significant competitive factors in infrared. Germanium pricing has been volatile and supply is affected by export restrictions imposed by producing countries. Our BlackDiamond family of chalcogenide glasses is engineered to substitute for germanium in many applications, and we sell BlackDiamond materials and molded blanks both to customers and to certain competitors.

 

Infrared Components. We compete with suppliers of conventionally fabricated crystalline infrared optics, including single-point diamond-turned germanium, silicon and zinc selenide components, and with regional optical fabrication shops. Our molding process is intended to reduce cost at moderate volumes relative to diamond turning, though conventional fabrication remains competitive for prototype quantities and for certain apertures and geometries. In sales of BlackDiamond materials and molded blanks, we compete with germanium and with other engineered infrared glasses, as well as with crystalline materials. Because a change in optical material generally requires a customer to requalify an existing design, adoption cycles in this product group are long, and material selections tend to persist for the life of a program once qualified. Constrained germanium availability has increased customer interest in alternative infrared materials, and we believe our BlackDiamond glasses position us to serve applications previously served by germanium optics.

 

Visible Components. We compete with volume molders of aspheric lenses located in Asia and with the captive molding operations of larger optics manufacturers. Competition in this product group is driven substantially by unit price at volume, and we generally compete for applications in which tolerance, coating or qualification requirements exceed what commodity production supports.

 

 

Assemblies and Modules and Engineering Services. Our engineering services product group largely feeds our assemblies and modules product group, and the two share a competitive set. We encounter three types of competition in these product groups:

 

●

Companies offering custom optical design through recurring production. Competitors in this category generally offer a narrower range of design and manufacturing capability than we do, particularly on programs requiring control of both the optical design and the manufacturing process, or requiring integration of optics with sensors and electronics.

●

Standard catalog products sold without customization, available from vendors including Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd. (a subsidiary of MKS Instruments, Inc.), Controp Precision Technologies Ltd., Teledyne FLIR and Clear Align LLC. Customers selecting a standard product generally accept trade-offs in size, weight, detection range or power consumption relative to an assembly designed to their system requirements. Standard products compete effectively where a customer’s requirements can be met without modification, and where program schedule or volume favors an off-the-shelf solution.

●

Customer in-house engineering. Some customers, principally large defense prime contractors, design and build optical assemblies internally rather than sourcing them. Companies in this category are frequently both competitors and customers, and include Lockheed Martin Corporation, Anduril Industries, Inc., Teledyne FLIR, RTX Corporation and Elbit Systems Ltd.

 

Manufacturing

 

Facilities. Our manufacturing is largely performed in our combined 58,500 square feet of production facilities in Orlando, Florida, G5 Infrared’s 27,000 square feet of production facilities in Hudson, New Hampshire, ISP Latvia’s 29,000 square feet of production facilities in Riga, Latvia, and LPOIZ’s 39,500 square feet of production facilities in Zhenjiang, China. As discussed in further detail above, in July 2026 we announced a definitive agreement to divest our Chinese operations, including LPOIZ's Zhenjiang Facility. We expect this transaction to close in September 2026.

 

Our Orlando Facility and LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang Facility feature areas for each step of the manufacturing process, including coating work areas, diamond turning, manufacturing and a clean room for precision glass molding and integrated assembly. The Orlando and Zhenjiang Facilities include new product development laboratories and space that includes development and metrology equipment. The Orlando and Zhenjiang Facilities have anti-reflective and infrared coating equipment to coat our lenses in-house. ISP Latvia’s Riga Facility includes fully vertically integrated manufacturing processes to produce high precision infrared lenses and infrared lens assemblies, CNC grinding, conventional polishing, diamond turning, assemblies, state of the art metrology, and infrared coatings. G5 Infrared’s Hudson, New Hampshire facility features the manufacturing of infrared coatings and production scale ability to assemble lenses and cameras as well as modern measuring and automation alignment tools.

 

We add production equipment and space at our facilities as needed. In fiscal year 2024, we completed the build out of additional Orlando Facility space, and are currently in the process of further expanding our glass fabrication capacity in this facility. In July 2025, we entered into a lease agreement for a larger manufacturing and office facility in Plano, Texas, to expand Visimid’s engineering, development and low volume sensor alignment capabilities. In addition to adding equipment or space at our manufacturing facilities, we add work shifts, as needed, to increase capacity and meet forecasted demand. We intend to monitor the capacity at our facilities, and will increase such space as needed. We believe our facilities and planned expansions are adequate to accommodate our needs over the next year.

 

 

Production and Equipment. Our Orlando Facility contains glass melting capability for BD6 chalcogenide glass, a manufacturing area for our molded glass aspheres, multiple anti-reflective and wear resistant coating chambers, diamond turning machines and accompanying metrology equipment offering full scale diamond turning lens capability, a tooling and machine shop to support new product development, commercial production requirements for our machined parts, the fabrication of proprietary precision glass molding machines and mold equipment, and a clean room for our molding and assembly workstations and related metrology equipment.

 

ISP Latvia’s Riga Facility consists of grinding, polishing, diamond turning, quality control, infrared coating departments and a mechanical shop to provide the departments with the necessary tooling. The grind and polish department has modern CNC equipment, lens centering and conventional equipment to perform spindle, double sided and continuous polishing operations. The diamond turning department has numerous diamond-turning machines accompanied with the latest metrology tools. The infrared coating department is equipped with multiple anti-reflective and wear resistant coating chambers. The quality control department contains numerous inspection stations with various equipment to perform optical testing of finished optics.

 

LPOIZ’s Zhenjiang Facility features a precision glass molding manufacturing area, clean room, machine shop, dicing area, and thin film coating chambers for anti-reflective coatings on both visible and infrared optics and related metrology equipment. As discussed in further detail above, in July 2026, we announced that we had signed a definitive agreement to divest our Chinese operations, including LPOIZ's Zhenjiang Facility, and we expect to close this transaction in September 2026.

 

The Orlando, Zhenjiang, and Riga Facilities are ISO 9001:2015 certified. The Hudson, New Hampshire facility is ISO9001/AS9100 certified, which is tailored for aerospace, space and defense requirements. The Zhenjiang Facility is also ISO/TS 1649:2009 automotive certified for manufacturing of optical lenses and accessories. The Orlando Facility is International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) compliant and registered with the U.S. Department of State; included in this registration are the Plano, Texas and Hudson, New Hampshire facilities. The Riga Facility has a DSP-5 ITAR license and Technical Assistance Agreement in place that allows this facility to manufacture items with ITAR requirements.

 

For more information regarding our facilities, please see Item 2. Properties in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Subcontractors and Strategic Alliances. We believe that low-cost manufacturing is crucial to our long-term success. In that regard, we generally use subcontractors in our production process to accomplish certain processing steps requiring specialized capabilities. For example, we presently use a number of qualified subcontractors for fabricating, polishing, and coating certain lenses, as necessary. We have taken steps to protect our proprietary methods of high-quality manufacturing by patent disclosures and internal trade secret controls.

 

Suppliers. We utilize a number of glass compositions in manufacturing our molded glass aspheres and lens array products. These glasses or equivalents are available from a large number of suppliers, including CDGM Glass Company Ltd., Ohara Corporation, and Sumita Optical Glass, Inc. Base optical materials, used in both infrared glass and collimator products, are manufactured and supplied by a number of optical and glass manufacturers. We utilize major infrared material suppliers located around the globe for a broad spectrum of infrared crystal and glass. The development of our manufacturing capability for BD6 glass and other germanium alternatives provides a low-cost internal source for infrared glass. We believe that a satisfactory supply of such production materials will continue to be available, at reasonable or, in some cases, increased prices, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

 

We also rely on local and regional vendors for component materials and services such as housings, fixtures, chemicals and inert gases, specialty ceramics, UV and AR coatings, and other specialty coatings. In addition, certain products require external processing, such as anodizing and metallization. To date, we are not dependent on any of these manufacturers and have found a suitable number of qualified vendors and suppliers for these materials and services.

 

We currently purchase a few key materials from single or limited sources. We believe that a satisfactory supply of production materials will continue to be available at competitive prices, although we are experiencing inflationary pricing pressure in the short term, however there can be no assurances in this regard.

 

Intellectual Property

 

Our policy is to protect our technology by, among other things, trade secret protection, patents, trademarks, and copyrights. We primarily rely upon trade secrets and unpatented proprietary know-how to protect certain process inventions, lens designs, and innovations. We have taken reasonable security measures to protect our trade secrets and proprietary know-how.

 

 

We are pursuing patents for new products that provide new features, capabilities or other advantages to our customers. We have recently received a patent directed to using an uncooled broadband camera for flame detection coupled with detection of humans or other low temperature signals within the overall imaging area and have filed a continuation-in-part application to cover additional aspects a detection in the presence of a flame. We have received a Notice of Allowance is for an optical element formed from a moldable material, with a transparent layer of a different material applied to the optical surface for use in resistive heating of the element in an infrared camera to be used to provide heating on an optic for de-icing or de-fogging. A patent application directed shutterless calibration by using pulsed infrared sources that can illuminate all pixels in the focal plane array with short pulses of light, which can then be used for non-uniformity correction, has not yet received any action.

 

We own several registered and unregistered service marks and trademarks (collectively, “marks”) that are used in the marketing and sale of our products. The following table sets forth our registered and unregistered marks, and denotes whether each mark is registered, the country in which the mark is filed, and the renewal date for such mark.

 

Mark		Type		Registered		Country		Renewal Date
LightPath®		Wordmark		Yes		United States		October 21, 2027
LightPath®		Combination mark		Yes		United States		August 27, 2030
GRADIUM™		Trademark		Yes		United States		April 29, 2027
Circulight		Trademark		No		-		-
BLACK DIAMOND		Trademark		No		-		-
GelTech		Trademark		No		-		-
Oasis		Trademark		No		-		-
LightPath®		Service mark		Yes		People’s Republic of China		September 13, 2025 (Renewal pending)
ISP Optics®		Wordmark		Yes		United States		August 14, 2034
ISP Optics®		Combination mark		Yes		United States		November 11, 2031
EdgeIR®		Trademark		Yes		United States		May 6, 2031
Mantis		Trademark		Yes		Europe		December 21, 2032

 

Environmental and Governmental Regulation

 

Currently, emissions and waste from our manufacturing processes are at such low levels that no special environmental permits or licenses are required. In the future, we may need to obtain special permits for disposal of increased waste by-products. The glass materials we utilize contain some toxic elements in a stabilized molecular form. However, the high temperature diffusion process results in low-level emissions of such elements in gaseous form. If production reaches a certain level, we believe that we will be able to efficiently recycle certain of our raw material waste, thereby reducing disposal levels. We believe that we are presently in compliance with all material federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing our operations and have obtained all material licenses and permits necessary for the operation of our business.

 

We also utilize certain chemicals, solvents, and adhesives in our manufacturing process. We believe we maintain all necessary permits and are in full compliance with all applicable regulations.

 

To our knowledge, there are currently no U.S. federal, state, or local regulations that restrict the manufacturing and distribution of our products. Certain end-user applications require government approval of the complete optical system, such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use in endoscopy. In these cases, we will generally be involved on a secondary level and our OEM customer will be responsible for the license and approval process.

 

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act imposes disclosure requirements regarding the use of “conflict minerals” mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries in products, whether or not these products are manufactured by third parties. The conflict minerals include tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, and their derivatives. Pursuant to these requirements, we are required to report on Form SD the procedures we employ to determine the sourcing of such minerals and metals produced from those minerals. There are costs associated with complying with these disclosure requirements, including for diligence in regards to the sources of any conflict minerals used in our products, in addition to the cost of remediation and other changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. In addition, the implementation of these rules could adversely affect the sourcing, supply, and pricing of materials used in our products. We strive to only use suppliers that source from conflict-free smelters and refiners; however, in the future, we may face difficulties in gathering information regarding our suppliers and the source of any such conflict minerals.

 

 

Major Customers

 

In fiscal year 2026, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 37% of our annual revenue with one customer at 24% of our sales, another customer at 7% of our sales, and the third customer at 6% of our sales. In fiscal year 2025, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 23% of our annual revenue with one customer at 9% of our sales, another customer at 7% of our sales, and the third customer at 6% of our sales. The loss of any of these customers, or a significant reduction in sales to any such customer, would adversely affect our revenues and profits. However, two of the three largest customers for fiscal year 2025 are still significant customers, however they were not among the three largest for fiscal year 2026. Our customer concentration is not static, and our growth is driven by a combination of new customers and growing programs with existing customers. We continue to diversify our business in order to minimize our sales concentration risk.

 

In fiscal year 2026, 48% of our net revenue was derived from sales outside of the U.S., with 97% of our foreign sales derived from customers in Europe and Asia. In fiscal year 2025, 38% of our net revenue was derived from sales outside of the U.S., with 91% of our foreign sales derived from customers in Europe and Asia. However, those percentages are based on ship-to location, and one of our largest customers integrates products in Europe and ships to their customers in the U.S., so our international sales is actually less than this indicates.

 

Employees  

 

Our employees are critical to providing our customers with the most innovative optics products. We employ a diverse group of people with different backgrounds, cultures, education and experience to move the Company and our strategic plan forward. As of June 30, 2026, we had 425 employees globally, including 414 full-time and 11 part-time employees, with 214 employees in the U.S., 107 employees located in Riga, Latvia, and 104 employees located in Zhenjiang, China. We have used and will continue utilizing part-time support, including interns, temporary employment agencies, and outside consultants, as required from time to time. Any employee additions or terminations over the next twelve months will be dependent upon the actual sales levels realized during the fiscal year.

 

Compensation and Benefits

LightPath offers competitive compensation and benefit packages designed to meet the short-term and long-term needs of our employees and their families. These benefits include but are not limited to a 401(k) Plan with company match, flexible spending and health savings accounts, short-term incentive programs, healthcare benefits, and employee assistance program.

 

Recruitment

Sourcing and hiring top talent is part of our success. Using different sources and partnerships to connect with talent has been crucial. LightPath uses regional, industry and internal metrics to ensure we are staying competitive in the market.

 

Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives

LightPath is committed to being an equal opportunity employer and strives to create an inclusive workplace that celebrates diversity of experience. As a global company, we celebrate diversity. All employment decisions are based on business need, basis of qualifications, performance and merit.

 

Employee Training

Employees start training on the first day of employment. Depending on their new position, initial training can take up to six months. All employees are given basic safety training for fire, hazardous materials, first aid, physical lifting, and accident prevention. As changes are made to processes and new products are introduced, training is imperative. All electronic training programs are assigned through a labor management system and completion records are maintained within the same system.

 

Available Information

 

We maintain a website with the address www.lightpath.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Form 10-K. Through our website, we make available free of charge our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and other reports and amendments to these reports that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in a timely manner after we provide them.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

The following is a discussion of the primary factors that may affect the operations and/or financial performance of our business. Refer to the section entitled Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for an additional discussion of these and other related factors that affect our operations and/or financial performance.

 

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Financial Results

 

We have a history of losses. We reported net losses for several consecutive fiscal years. As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $251.3 million. We may incur losses in the future if we do not achieve sufficient revenue to maintain profitability, or if we continue to incur unusual costs. We expect revenue to grow by generating additional sales through promotion of our infrared products, with a focus on engineered solutions, and continued cost reduction efforts across all product groups, but we cannot guarantee such improvement or growth.

 

Factors which could adversely affect our future profitability, include, but are not limited to, a decline in revenue either due to lower sales unit volumes or decreasing selling prices, or both, our ability to order supplies from vendors, which, in turn, affects our ability to manufacture our products, and slow payments from our customers on accounts receivable.

 

Any failure to maintain profitability would have a materially adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan, our results and operations, and our financial condition, and could cause the value of our Class A common stock to decline.

 

We may be affected by political and other risks as a result of our sales to international customers and/or our sourcing of materials from international suppliers. In fiscal year 2026, 48% of our net revenue was derived from sales outside of the U.S., compared to 38% in fiscal 2025, with customers in Europe and Asia accounting for 97% and 91% of our foreign sales in fiscal 2026 and 2025, respectively. However, those percentages are based on ship-to location, and one of our largest customers integrates products in Europe and ships to their customers in the U.S., so our international sales is actually less than this indicates. Our international sales will be limited, and may even decline, if we cannot establish relationships with new international distributors, maintain relationships with our existing international distributions, maintain and expand our foreign operations, expand international sales, and develop relationships with international service providers. For example, following the sale of LPOIZ and the Zhenjiang Facility, which is expected to close in September 2026, we expect to become more dependent on third-party suppliers, including LPOIZ’s new owners, for the manufacture and supply of certain materials and products. While the transaction documents contemplate an ongoing supply relationship, any disruption in the new owners' operations, changes in their business priorities, financial condition, or ability to perform under our agreements could adversely affect our supply chain, operations, and financial results. Additionally, our international sales may be adversely affected if international economies weaken. We are subject to the following risks, among others:

 

	●	greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection and longer collection periods;
	●	potentially different pricing environments and longer sales cycles;
	●	the impact of recessions in economies outside the U.S.;
	●	the impact of high, sustained inflation;
	●	unexpected changes in foreign regulatory requirements;
	●	the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and different legal standards;
	●	certification requirements;
	●	reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
	●	difficulties in managing the staffing of international operations, including labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments;
	●	potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value-added tax systems, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, and changes in tax rates;
	●	price controls and exchange controls;
	●	government embargoes or foreign trade restrictions;
	●	imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers;
	●	import and export controls;
	●	transportation delays and interruptions;
	●	terrorist attacks and security concerns in general; and
	●	political, social, economic instability and disruptions.

 

Russia’s ongoing conflict with Ukraine may continue to disrupt our supply chain. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected by continued disruption and global consequences stemming from the conflict. Although we have no direct operations in Russia or Ukraine, the broader consequences of this conflict have negatively affected, and are expected to continue to negatively affect, the global economy, including the imposition of sanctions, cyber incidents or information technology failures, supply disruptions, increases in inflation rates, increase in energy costs, changes to foreign currency exchange rates, constraints, volatility, or disruption in financial markets, the availability of raw materials, supplies, freight, and labor, and uncertainty about economic and global stability. Historically, we have sourced Germanium from suppliers located in Russia and China. At the start of the Russia\Ukraine conflict we had ceased all purchases of Germanium from vendors in Russia and instead have been purchasing Germanium from vendors in China. In July 2023 China announced its intentions to impose some export restrictions on Germanium, requiring all international customers to provide an end user statement for approval before receiving an export license. Since that announcement, supply of Germanium has been disrupted, though not completely stopped. In December 2024, China further announced an immediate export ban on Germanium, Gallium and antimony to the United States and for any dual use or military use applications. We have taken proactive steps to minimize the orders we accept for Germanium products and therefore minimize our exposure to this risk. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to obtain adequate supplies in the future or, if adequate supplies are available, that the timing or costs of obtaining such raw materials will be acceptable to us. Further, some of our major customers in Europe may be directly impacted by the Russian-Ukraine conflict, which could impact the amount and frequency of orders they place with us, as well as impact the timing and ability to pay for products ordered from us. Any material impacts to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

 

 

We depend on single or limited source suppliers for some of the key materials or process steps in our products, making us susceptible to supply shortages, poor performance, or price fluctuations. We currently purchase several key materials (including Germanium and sensors) or have outside vendors perform process steps, such as lens coatings, used in or during the manufacture of our products from single or limited source suppliers. We may fail to obtain required materials or services in a timely manner in the future, or we could experience delays as a result of evaluating and testing the products or services of potential alternative suppliers. The economic decline in China may have adversely impacted the financial condition of certain of our suppliers, some of whom have limited financial resources. We have in the past, and may in the future, be required to provide advance payments in order to secure key materials from financially limited suppliers. Financial or other difficulties faced by these suppliers could limit the availability of key components or materials. The economic decline in China has also increased the risk of bankruptcy for suppliers with operations in China and has led to higher manufacturing costs for us and the need to identify alternate suppliers. Additionally, financial difficulties could impair our ability to recover advances made to these suppliers. Any interruption or delay in the supply of any of these materials or services, or the inability to obtain these materials or services from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would impair our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could cause customers to cancel orders, thereby negatively affecting our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

International tariffs, including tariffs applied to goods traded between the U.S. and China, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. The United States has recently enacted and proposed to enact significant new tariffs affecting certain products exported by a number of U.S. trading partners, including China. While certain tariffs have subsequently been suspended, modified or temporarily reduced, we cannot predict the results of the U.S. government’s trade negotiations or the outcome of ongoing legal challenges to specific tariff policies. The unpredictable nature of these trade policies and the potential for further escalation may increase uncertainty and volatility in our industry, which could negatively impact our financial performance

 

The institution of trade tariffs both globally and between the U.S. and China specifically carries the risk of negatively impacting China’s overall economic condition, which could have negative repercussions for us. Furthermore, imposition of tariffs could cause a decrease in the sales of our products to customers located in China or other customers selling to Chinese end users, which would directly impact our business. In light of these events, there continues to exist significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and other countries with respect to such trade policies, treaties and tariffs. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the United States. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn would negatively impact us. We have operations, customers and suppliers in the U.S., China and other countries and regularly import and export goods and services to and from those countries. An increase in tariffs could have a material impact on our costs and on the demand for our products and services.

 

Discussions remain ongoing in respect of certain trade restrictions and tariffs on imports, as well as retaliatory actions by affected countries, which could impose restrictions tariffs enacted in response to such actions, which could prohibit, reduce, or discourage purchases of our products by foreign customers, leading to increased costs of products that contain our components, increased costs of manufacturing our products, and higher prices of our products in foreign markets. Changes in, and responses to, U.S. trade policy could reduce the competitiveness of our products and cause our sales and revenues to drop, which could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

 

We utilize a number of strategies to mitigate the current and, hopefully, future impact of tariffs. However, given the uncertainty regarding the current tariffs, as well as the potential for additional trade actions by the U.S. or other countries in the future, any future impact on our operations and financial results is uncertain and these impacts could be more significant than those we have experienced in the past. Further, we can provide no assurance that the strategies we implemented to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will continue to be successful. To the extent that our supply chain, costs, sales, or profitability are negatively affected by the tariffs or other trade actions, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

 

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows. We execute all foreign sales from our U.S.-based facilities and inter-company transactions in U.S. dollars in order to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. However, a portion of our international revenues and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, we experience the risks of fluctuating currencies and corresponding exchange rates. In each of fiscal years 2026 and 2025, we recognized net losses of approximately $0.1 million on foreign currency transactions. Any such fluctuations that result in a less favorable exchange rate could adversely affect a portion of our revenues and expenses, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

 

 

We also source certain raw materials from outside the U.S. Some of those materials, priced in non-dollar currencies, fluctuate in price due to the value of the U.S. dollar against non-dollar-pegged currencies, especially the Euro and Renminbi. As the dollar strengthens, this increases our margins and helps with our ability to reach positive cash flow and profitability. If the strength of the U.S. dollar decreases, the cost of foreign sourced materials could increase, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. If the Euro or Renminbi currencies were to trend unfavorably against the U.S. dollar on a long-term basis, then we would seek to rebalance our strategic materials sourcing.

 

We are dependent on a few key customers, and the loss of any key customer could cause a significant decline in our revenues. In fiscal year 2026, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 37% of our annual revenue, with one customer at 24% of our sales, another customer at 7% of our sales, and the third customer at 6% of our sales. In fiscal year 2025, we had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 23% of our annual revenue, with one customer at 9% of our sales, another customer at 7% of our sales, and the third customer at 6% of our sales. However, two of the three largest customers for fiscal year 2025 was not among the three largest for fiscal year 2026, which demonstrates that our customer concentration is not static. We continue to diversify our business in order to minimize our sales concentration risk. Our current strategy of providing the domain expertise and the extensive “know how” in optical design, fabrication, production and testing technologies will allow our customers to focus on their own development efforts, without needing to develop subject matter expertise in optics. By providing the bridge into the optical solution world, we partner with our customers on a long-term basis, create value to our customers, and capture that value through the long-term supply relationships we develop. However, the loss of any of these customers, or a significant reduction in sales to any such customer, would adversely affect our revenues.

 

Our stock price may fluctuate widely. Many factors, including, but not limited to, future announcements concerning the Company, its competitors or customers, as well as quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of technological innovations, seasonal or other variations in anticipated or actual results of operations, changes in earnings estimates by analysts or reports regarding the Company’s industries in the financial press or investment advisory publications, could cause the market price of the Company’s stock to fluctuate substantially. In addition, the Company’s stock price may fluctuate widely for reasons which may be unrelated to operating results. Also, any information concerning the Company, including projections of future operating results could in the future contribute to volatility in the market price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.

 

As a U.S. corporation with international operations, we are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other similar foreign anti-corruption laws, as well as other laws governing our operations. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, other remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and other foreign anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The FCPA and these other laws generally prohibit us and our employees and intermediaries from offering, promising, authorizing or making payments to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope, or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted. Operations outside of the U.S. may be affected by changes in trade production laws, policies, and measures, and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment.

 

We are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control, and various non-U.S. government entities, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions on countries and persons, customs, requirements, currency exchange regulations, and transfer pricing regulations (collectively, the “Trade Control Laws”).

 

Despite our compliance programs, there can be no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA or other legal requirements, or Trade Control Laws. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other foreign anti-corruption laws or Trade Control Laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement, and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA, other anti-corruption laws, or Trade Control Laws by the U.S. or foreign authorities could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

 

Uncertainties related to the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our business may result in harm to our business and reputation. To remain competitive, we have made and will continue to make investments in AI technologies, infrastructure, talent, and training. Our use of AI technologies is at an early stage, and these investments may not yield anticipated benefits or may become obsolete more quickly than expected. The use of AI tools to assist in the preparation of our work product or our corporate operations may expose us to new forms of liability. Ineffective, inadequate or premature use of AI could result in unintended consequences, including competitive harm, regulatory penalties, legal liability, loss or misuse of intellectual property, disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, data privacy or cybersecurity incidents, or brand or reputational harm. In addition, if we fail to successfully deploy AI in our business activities, products, or services, or fail to keep pace with technological advancements and competitors that may more effectively adopt AI, our competitiveness, growth prospects and financial performance could be adversely affected. We may also incur significant costs in evaluating or implementing AI technologies, and such investments may not result in anticipated benefits or returns.

 

 

We rely, in large part, on key business and sales relationships for the successful commercialization of our products, which, if not developed or maintained, will have an adverse impact on achieving market awareness and acceptance and will result in a loss of business opportunities.  To achieve wide market awareness and acceptance of our products and technologies, as part of our business strategy, we will attempt to enter into a variety of business relationships with other companies that will incorporate our technologies into their products and/or market products based on our technologies. The successful commercialization of our products and technologies will depend in part on our ability to meet obligations under contracts with respect to the products and related development requirements. The failure of these business relationships will limit the commercialization of our products and technologies, which will have an adverse impact on our business development and our ability to generate revenues.

 

If we are unable to effectively compete, our business and operating results could be negatively affected. We face substantial competition in the optical markets in which we operate. Many of our competitors are large public and private companies that have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we have. As a result, these competitors are able to devote greater resources than we can to the development, promotion, sale, and support of their products. In addition, the market capitalization and cash reserves of several of our competitors are much larger than ours, and, as a result, these competitors are better positioned than we are to exploit markets, develop new technologies, and acquire other companies in order to gain new technologies or products. We also compete with manufacturers of conventional spherical lens products and aspherical lens products, producers of optical quality glass, and other developers of gradient lens technology, as well as telecommunications product manufacturers. In both the optical lens and communications markets, we are competing against, among others, established international companies, especially in Asia. Many of these companies also are primary customers for optical and communication components, and, therefore, have significant control over certain markets for our products. There can be no assurance that existing or new competitors will not develop technologies that are superior to or more commercially acceptable than our existing and planned technologies and products or that competition in our industry will not lead to reduced prices for our products. If we are unable to successfully compete with existing companies and new entrants to the markets we compete in, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

 

We anticipate further reductions in the average selling prices of some of our products over time, and, therefore, must increase our sales volumes, reduce our costs, and/or introduce higher margin products to reach and maintain consistent profitable results. We have experienced decreases in the average selling prices of some of our products over the last ten years, including most of our passive component products. We anticipate that as certain products in the optical component and module market become more commodity-like, the average selling prices of our products will decrease in response to competitive pricing pressures, new product introductions by us or our competitors, or other factors. We attempt to offset anticipated decreases in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes and/or changing our product mix. If we are unable to offset anticipated future decreases in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volumes or changing our product mix, our net revenues and gross margins will decline, increasing the projected cash needed to fund operations. To address these pricing pressures, we must develop and introduce new products and product enhancements that will generate higher margins, continue to reduce costs, and/or change our product mix in order to generate higher margins. If we cannot maintain or improve our gross margins, our financial position, and results of operations may be harmed. 

 

Because of our limited product offerings, our ability to generate additional revenues may be limited without additional growth. With our strategic transition into more value-added solutions, and the addition of Visimid in July 2023, we reorganized our products into four product groups: infrared components, visible components, assemblies and modules, and engineering services. The addition of G5 Infrared in February 2025 and AML in January 2026 further expands our product offerings and proprietary infrared materials. In fiscal year 2026, sales of infrared components represented approximately 30% of our net revenues, sales of visible components represented approximately 22% of our net revenues, sales of assemblies and modules represented 44% of our revenues, and engineering services represented 4% of our revenues. In the future, we expect growth primarily from our assemblies and modules product group, the vertical integration of which will be supported by the infrared components product group. Continued and expanding market acceptance of these products, particularly infrared products based on our proprietary chalcogenide materials (Germanium alternatives), is critical to our future success. There can be no assurance that our current or new products will achieve market acceptance at the rate at which we expect, or at all, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Our failure to accurately forecast material requirements could cause us to incur additional costs, have excess inventories, or have insufficient materials to manufacture our products. Our material requirements forecasts are based on actual or anticipated product orders. It is very important that we accurately predict both the demand for our products and the lead times required to obtain the necessary materials. Lead times for materials that we order vary significantly and depend on factors, such as specific supplier requirements, the size of the order, contract terms, and the market demand for the materials at any given time. If we overestimate our material requirements, we may have excess inventory, which would increase our costs. If we underestimate our material requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, which could interrupt our manufacturing and delay delivery of our products to our customers. Any of these occurrences would negatively impact our results of operations. Additionally, in order to avoid excess material inventories, we may incur cancellation charges associated with modifying existing purchase orders with our vendors, which, depending on the magnitude of such cancellation charges, may adversely affect our results of operations.

 

If we do not achieve acceptable manufacturing yields our operating results could suffer. The manufacture of our products involves complex and precise processes. Our manufacturing costs for several products are relatively fixed, and, thus, manufacturing yields are critical to the success of our business and our results of operations. Changes in our manufacturing processes or those of our suppliers could significantly reduce our manufacturing yields. In addition, we may experience manufacturing delays and reduced manufacturing yields upon introducing new products to our manufacturing lines. The occurrence of unacceptable manufacturing yields or product yields could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

If our customers do not qualify our manufacturing lines for volume shipments, our operating results could suffer. Our manufacturing lines have passed our qualification standards, as well as our technical standards. However, our customers may also require that our manufacturing lines pass their specific qualification standards, and that we be registered under international quality standards, beyond our ISO 9001:2015 certification. This customer qualification process determines whether our manufacturing lines meet the customers’ quality, performance, and reliability standards. Generally, customers do not purchase our products, other than limited numbers of evaluation units, prior to qualification of the manufacturing line for volume production. We may be unable to obtain customer qualification of our manufacturing lines or we may experience delays in obtaining customer qualification of our manufacturing lines. If there are delays in the qualification of our products or manufacturing lines, our customers may drop the product from a long-term supply program, which would result in significant lost revenue opportunity over the term of each such customer’s supply program, or our customers may purchase from other manufacturers. The inability to obtain customer qualification of our manufacturing lines, or the delay in obtaining such qualification, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our future success depends on our key executive officers and our ability to attract, retain, and motivate qualified personnel. Our future success largely depends upon the continued services of our key executive officers, management team, and other engineering, sales, marketing, manufacturing, and support personnel. If one or more of our key employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them readily, if at all. Additionally, we may incur additional expenses to recruit and retain new key employees. If any of our key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose some or a significant portion of our customers. Because of these factors, the loss of the services of any of these key employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel will also be critical to our success because we will need to hire and retain additional personnel to support our business strategy. We expect to continue to hire selectively in the manufacturing, engineering, sales and marketing, and administrative functions to the extent consistent with our business levels and to further our business strategy. We face significant competition for skilled personnel in our industry. This competition may make it more difficult and expensive to attract, hire, and retain qualified managers and employees. Because of these factors, we may not be able to effectively manage or grow our business, which could adversely affect our financial condition or business.

 

We face product liability risks, which could adversely affect our business. The sale of our optical products involves the inherent risk of product liability claims by others. We do not currently maintain product liability insurance coverage. Product liability insurance is expensive, subject to various coverage exclusions, and may not be obtainable on terms acceptable to us if we decide to procure such insurance in the future. Moreover, the amount and scope of any coverage may be inadequate to protect us in the event that a product liability claim is successfully asserted. If a claim is asserted and successfully litigated by an adverse party, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Business interruptions could adversely affect our business. We manufacture our products at manufacturing facilities located in Orlando, Florida; Hudson, New Hampshire; Plano, Texas; and Riga, Latvia. Up until completing the sale of LPOIZ, we also manufactured our products in a manufacturing facility in Zhenjiang, China. Our revenues are dependent upon the continued operation of these facilities. The Orlando Facility lease expires March 31, 2034. The Hudson, New Hampshire facility lease expires in December 2031. The Plano, Texas lease expires in August 2030. The Riga Facility is subject to two leases which expire in December 2030. Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by fire, hurricane winds and rain, earthquakes, electric power loss, telecommunications failure, and other events beyond our control. We do have a business continuity and recovery plan for our facilities however, we do not have a backup facility, other than our other facilities, or contractual arrangements with any other manufacturers in the event of a casualty to or destruction of any facility or if any facility ceases to be available to us for any other reason. If we are required to rebuild or relocate either of our manufacturing facilities, a substantial investment in improvements and equipment would be necessary. We carry only a limited amount of business interruption insurance, which may not sufficiently compensate us for losses that may occur.

 

Our facilities may be subject to electrical blackouts as a consequence of a shortage of available electrical power. We currently do not have backup generators or alternate sources of power in the event of a blackout. If blackouts interrupt our power supply, we would be temporarily unable to continue operations at such facility.

 

Any losses or damages incurred by us as a result of blackouts, rebuilding, relocation, or other business interruptions, could result in a significant delay or reduction in manufacturing and production capabilities, impair our reputation, harm our ability to retain existing customers and to obtain new customers, and could result in reduced sales, lost revenue, increased costs and/or loss of market share, any of which could substantially harm our business and our results of operations.

 

 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

If we are unable to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, we may be unable to compete effectively. We believe that our intellectual property rights are important to our success and our competitive position, and we rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights in the United States and internationally. Although we have devoted substantial resources to the establishment and protection of our intellectual property rights, the actions taken by us may be inadequate to prevent imitation or improper use of our products by others or to prevent others from claiming violations of their intellectual property rights by us. In addition, we cannot assure that, in the future, our patent applications will be approved, that any patents that may be issued will protect our intellectual property, or that third parties will not challenge any issued patents. Other parties may independently develop similar or competing technology or design around any patents that may be issued to us. We also rely on confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions with our employees, consultants, and corporate partners to protect our proprietary rights, but we cannot assure the compliance by such parties with their confidentiality obligations, which could be very time consuming, expensive, and difficult to enforce.

 

It may be necessary to litigate to enforce our patents, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity of and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation can be time consuming, distracting to management, expensive, and difficult to predict. Our failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, prospects, and results of operation.

 

We do not have patent protection for our formulas and processes, and a loss of ownership of any of our formulas and processes would negatively impact our business. We believe that we own our formulas and processes. However, we have not sought, and do not intend to seek, patent protection for all of our formulas and processes. Instead, we rely on the complexity of our formulas and processes, trade secrecy laws, and employee confidentiality agreements. However, we cannot assure you that other companies will not acquire our confidential information or trade secrets or will not independently develop equivalent or superior products or technology and obtain patent or similar rights. Although we believe that our formulas and processes have been independently developed and do not infringe the patents or rights of others, a variety of components of our processes could infringe existing or future patents, in which event we may be required to modify our processes or obtain a license. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so in a timely manner or upon acceptable terms and conditions and the failure to do either of the foregoing would negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

 

Data breach and breakdown of information and communication technologies. In the course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including intellectual property. We could be subject to service outages or breaches of security systems which may result in disruption, unauthorized access, misappropriation, or corruption of this information. We rely on our information technology systems to effectively manage our operational and financial functions. We increasingly rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, and store electronic information. In addition, a significant portion of internal communications, as well as communication with customers and suppliers, depends on information technology. We are exposed to the risk of cyber incidents in the normal course of business. Cyber incidents may be deliberate attacks for the theft of intellectual property, other sensitive information or cash or may be the result of unintentional events. Like most companies, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to interruption due to a variety of events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, physical or electronic break-ins, vendor service outages, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers, foreign governments, and other security issues. We have technology security initiatives and data recovery plans in place to mitigate our risk to these vulnerabilities, but these measures may not be adequate, or implemented properly, or executed timely to ensure that our operations are not disrupted. We have insurance coverage for cyber liability, but there can be no assurances that the amount of coverage will be adequate or that insurance proceeds will be available for a particular claim.

 

Although we have not experienced an incident, potential consequences of a material cyber incident include damage to our reputation, litigation, system disruptions, shutdowns, unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, and increased cyber security protection and remediation costs. Such consequences could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

 

We may become involved in intellectual property disputes and litigation, which could adversely affect our business. We anticipate, based on the size and sophistication of our competitors and the history of rapid technological advances in our industry that several competitors may have patent applications in progress in the U.S. or in foreign countries that, if issued, could relate to products similar to ours. If such patents were to be issued, the patent holders or licensees may assert infringement claims against us or claim that we have violated other intellectual property rights. These claims and any resulting lawsuits, if successful, could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidate our proprietary rights. The lawsuits, regardless of their merits, could be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert management time and attention. Any potential intellectual property litigation could also force us to do one or more of the following, any of which could harm our business and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations:

 

	●	stop selling, incorporating or using our products that use the disputed intellectual property;
	●	obtain from third parties a license to sell or use the disputed technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all; or
	●	redesign our products that use the disputed intellectual property.

 

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

None.

 

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

 

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy

 

We have established and implemented a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management program aimed at safeguarding the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical information technology (“IT”) systems and sensitive information.

 

Our cybersecurity risk management program is fully integrated within our broader enterprise risk management framework, leveraging consistent methodologies, incident reporting channels, and governance processes. These approaches are used not only for cybersecurity risks but also for managing other areas of risk, including legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial. The program is continuously assessed and refined, using the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (“NIST CSF”) as a guiding tool to identify, prioritize, and manage cybersecurity risks that could significantly affect our operations, financial performance, or business objectives.

 

Key components of our cybersecurity risk management program include:

 

	●	Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan (“CIRP”): Our CIRP ensures we are prepared to respond to, report, and remediate any cybersecurity incidents effectively. Led by the Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), our corporate compliance and risk management team manages all aspects of incident response. For significant incidents, additional third-party resources would be mobilized to mitigate impact on the business.
	●	Continuous Vulnerability Management: We continuously monitor our IT networks and legacy systems to identify threats that may adversely affect critical systems and information, ensuring that our broader IT environment remains secure.
	●	Third-Party Cybersecurity Consultants: We engage trusted third-party cybersecurity experts to enhance our security posture, perform assessments, and provide strategic guidance, ensuring continuous improvement in our cybersecurity approach.
	●	Cybersecurity Awareness Training: Employees, incident response teams, and senior management undergo regular training to ensure awareness of evolving cybersecurity threats and the appropriate responses.
	●	Risk Management for Third-Party Providers: We conduct due diligence when selecting and periodically reviewing third-party service providers, suppliers, and vendors to ensure they comply with necessary cybersecurity standards.

  

Cybersecurity Governance

 

Our executive team and Board of Directors are actively involved in overseeing cybersecurity risks. The executive team and the CIO oversee the Company's information security efforts and cybersecurity governance. This team regularly reviews our cybersecurity posture and any incidents that have occurred.

 

The management of our cybersecurity risks is led by the CIO and the executive team who bring over 35 years of combined experience in cybersecurity, IT, and risk management. This team is responsible for the overall cybersecurity risk management program, collaborating with internal teams, external consultants, and cross-functional divisions. Their efforts are supported by threat intelligence from various sources, and they regularly benchmark our security practices against the NIST CSF.

 

Our CIO reports regularly to the executive team, providing updates on cybersecurity strategies, current threats, and long-term planning. Additionally, the CIO provides an annual cybersecurity update, presenting an overview of significant cybersecurity risks and their potential impact on internal controls.

 

In the event of a significant cybersecurity incident that escalates to a corporate crisis, the executive team and the Board will be engaged in alignment with the corporate compliance and risk protocols.

 

While LightPath faces various cybersecurity threats as part of routine operations, no risks have been identified to date that could materially impact the company’s operations, strategy, financial condition, or overall business performance.

  

 

Item 2. Properties.

 

Our properties consist primarily of leased office and manufacturing facilities. Our corporate headquarters office and manufacturing facility is located in Orlando, Florida and our additional manufacturing and office facilities are located in Hudson, New Hampshire, Plano, Texas, Garland, Texas, Zhenjiang, China and Riga, Latvia. The following schedule presents the approximate square footage of our offices and facilities as of June 30, 2026:

 

Location		Square Feet		Commitment and Use
Orlando, Florida		58,500		Leased; 2 suites used for corporate headquarters offices, manufacturing, and research and development
Hudson, New Hampshire		27,000		Leased; 1 suite used for administrative offices, engineering and manufacturing
Plano, Texas		9,000		Leased; 1 suite used for engineering and manufacturing
Garland, Texas		7,300		Licensed; 1 suite used for engineering and manufacturing
Riga, Latvia		29,000		Leased; 3 suites used for administrative offices and manufacturing
Zhenjiang, China		39,500		Leased; 1 building used for manufacturing

*In July 2026, we announced the sale of LPOIZ, which includes the Zhenjiang Facility. We expect to close the transaction in September 2026, and the lease will be assigned to the purchasers as of the date of closing.

 

Our territorial sales personnel maintain an office from their homes to serve their geographical territories.

 

For additional information regarding our facilities, please see Item 1. Business in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional information regarding leases, see Note 13, Leases, to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

 

From time to time, we are involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. We currently have no material legal proceeding to which we are a party to or to which our properties are subject to and, to the best of our knowledge, no material adverse legal activity is anticipated or threatened.

 

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

 

Not Applicable.

 

 

PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 

Market Information

 

Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “LPTH”.

 

Holders

 

As of September 1, 2026, we estimate there were approximately 230 holders of record and approximately 38,300 street name holders of our Class A Common Stock.

 

Dividends

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock and do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings in order to finance the operation and expansion of our business. In addition, the payment of dividends, if any, in the future, will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions, and other relevant factors.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

During the year ended June 30, 2026 there were no repurchases of the Company’s Class A Common Stock by the Company.

 

Item 6. [Reserved].

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis by our management of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.

 

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please also see the cautionary language at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding forward-looking statements.

 

The following discussions also include use of non-GAAP measures discussed in more detail under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

 

 

Results of Operations

 

Operating Results for Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2026 Compared to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2025:

 

Revenue.

Revenue for fiscal year 2026 was approximately $71.7 million, an increase of 93%, as compared to $37.2 million in fiscal year 2025. We categorize our products into four product groups: (i) infrared components; (2) visible components; (3) assemblies and modules; and (iv) engineering services. Note that certain fiscal year 2025 amounts have been reclassified from infrared components to assemblies and modules to conform to current classification.

 

Revenue generated by the infrared components product group was approximately $21.2 million in fiscal year 2026, an increase of $7.3 million, or  52%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. Of this increase, approximately $1.3 million was attributable to increased sales by G5 Infrared of coating services, reflecting a full fiscal year, compared to less than half of fiscal 2025 due to the timing of the acquisition. AML, which was acquired in January 2026, contributed approximately $2.2 million to the increase in sales of infrared components. The remaining $3.8 million increase in revenue from infrared components is primarily due to increases in sales to defense and industrial customers in Europe.

 

Revenue generated by the visible components product group was approximately $15.5 million for fiscal year 2026, an increase of $3.8 million, or 32%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily driven by increases in sales to industrial customers the U.S., Asia and Europe, including several new programs.

 

Revenue from the assemblies and modules product group was approximately $31.9 million in fiscal year 2026, an increase of $23.5 million, or 281%, as compared to fiscal year 2025. Of this increase, approximately $23.1 million is due to an increase in G5 Infrared sales of cameras and modules, including previously announced large defense and security programs.

 

Revenue from engineering services was nearly flat for fiscal 2026, as compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. This includes Visimid’s contract with Lockheed Martin, as well as several other non-recurring engineering projects, the largest of which was for another defense customer. The timing and dollar value of deliverables is not always consistent, which causes revenue for the programs within this product group to fluctuate from period to period.

 

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit.

Gross profit for fiscal year 2026 was approximately $25.8 million, an increase of 155%, as compared to approximately $10.1 million in fiscal year 2025. Total cost of sales was approximately $45.9 million for fiscal year 2026, compared to $27.1 million for fiscal year 2025, an increase of 70%. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 36% for fiscal year 2026 as compared to 27% for fiscal year 2025. The increase in gross margin for fiscal year 2026 was driven by the increase in sales across nearly all product groups, as well as improved gross margins across each of the product groups. Fiscal year 2026 also includes a full year of G5 Infrared revenue and gross profit, particularly in the assemblies and modules product group. The assemblies and modules product group increased from 23% of revenue in fiscal year 2025, to 44% of revenue in fiscal year 2026, and these products typically have higher gross margins than the component product groups. Gross profit for fiscal year 2025 was also unusually low, partially due to the unfavorable impact of an approximately $0.5 million increase in inventory reserve charges primarily related to visible components where revenue had declined for the past several years.

 

 

Selling, General and Administrative.

For fiscal year 2026, Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) costs were approximately $24.7 million, an increase of approximately $8.8 million, or 56%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase in SG&A costs was partially attributable to including a full year of G5 Infrared SG&A costs for 2026, an increase of $2.3 million, as compared to fiscal 2025 due to the timing of the acquisition. The AML transaction also added $1.0 million in SG&A for fiscal 2026, including acquisition-related costs. In addition, we have increased our sales and marketing spend to promote new products, including personnel costs, travel and tradeshows. We have also increased our spend on information technology to meet heightened security standards as required by our customers, and for acquisition integration projects. Our SG&A personnel costs have also increased due to filling certain vacant executive roles and accruing for incentive compensation plans for employees.

 

New Product Development.

New product development costs were approximately $3.8 million in fiscal year 2026, an increase of approximately $0.7 million, or 24%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. New product development costs increased with the addition of G5 Infrared product development costs, and other additional engineering personnel. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in outside services and materials utilized for development projects, due to timing of such projects. Management views the investment in new product development as an important part of execution of our strategy, and plans to continue to grow our investment in new product development.

 

Amortization of Intangible Assets.

Amortization of intangible assets increased by $0.4 million for fiscal year 2026, as compared to the prior fiscal year due to the addition of amortization of intangible assets associated with the G5 Infrared and AML acquisitions. See Note 3, Acquisitions, in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information.

 

Change in Fair Value of Acquisition Liabilities.

Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities increased by $14.1 million for fiscal year 2026, as compared to the prior fiscal year primarily related to the earnouts associated with the G5 Infrared acquisition, where the amounts earned were greater than the fair values estimated and recorded at the date of acquisition. See Note 3, Acquisitions, in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for further information.

 

Other Expense.

Interest income, net, was approximately $0.01 million for fiscal year 2026, compared to interest expense, net, of approximately $1.1 million in the prior fiscal year. For fiscal 2026, we earned interest on our cash balance following the December Offering (as defined below) and the June Offering (as defined below), partially offset by interest expense on finance leases and interest and amortization of loan issuance costs on the Acquisition Notes (as defined below) until they were redeemed in December 2025. Interest expense for fiscal year 2025 includes financing costs associated with the warrant liability of approximately $0.3 million, and the interest and amortization of loan issuance costs associated with the Bridge Note (as defined below), executed in August 2024, which was subsequently replaced by the Acquisition Notes executed in February 2025. See Note 14, Loans Payable, in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for definitions and further information.

 

We recorded a loss in extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million during fiscal year 2026, upon redemption of the Acquisition Notes, based on the difference between the carrying value of the debt being extinguished and the redemption amount. During fiscal year 2025, we recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million related to the exchange of the Bridge Note for an Acquisition Note in connection with the financing of the acquisition of G5 Infrared. The loss is based on the difference between the carrying value of the debt being extinguished and the fair value of the new debt, plus any other payments exchanged (e.g. the aforementioned Class A Common Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants).

 

In fiscal year 2025, we recorded an expense associated with the change in fair value of the warrant liability of $1.4 million. The fair value of the warrants was re-measured each reporting period from the date of issuance until the warrants were reclassified from liabilities to equity as a result of the action taken at a special meeting of the stockholders on June 16, 2025. See Note 8, Stockholders' Equity, in the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for definitions and further information.

 

Other expense, net, was approximately $0.1 million for fiscal year 2026, compared to $0.1 million for fiscal year 2025. Other expense, net, for fiscal years 2026 and 2025 primarily consists of net foreign exchange losses. We execute all foreign sales from our U.S. facilities and inter-company transactions in U.S. dollars, partially mitigating the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Assets and liabilities denominated in non-United States currencies, primarily the Chinese Yuan and Euro, are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the year.

 

Income Taxes.

During fiscal year 2026, we recorded income tax expense of approximately $0.3 million, compared to $0.04 million in fiscal year 2025, primarily related to our operations in China. Income taxes for fiscal years 2026 and 2025 include Chinese withholding tax expenses of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, the majority of which are associated with intercompany dividends declared by LPOIZ, payable to us as the parent company. While these repatriation transactions result in some additional Chinese withholding taxes, LPOIZ currently qualifies for a reduced Chinese income tax rate; therefore, the total tax on those earnings was still below the normal income tax rate. Income tax expense for fiscal years 2026 and 2025 are also offset by deferred income tax benefits from the turnaround of temporary differences, and increased by deferred income tax expense related to certain indefinite lived temporary differences. Please refer to Note 9, Income Taxes, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information related to each of our tax jurisdictions.

 

 

Net Income (Loss).

Net loss for fiscal year 2026 was approximately $20.5 million, or $0.38 basic and diluted loss per share, compared to approximately $14.9 million, or $0.36 basic and diluted loss per share, for fiscal year 2025. The increase in net loss for fiscal year 2026, as compared to fiscal year 2025, is primarily attributable to the approximately $14.1 million increase in the change in fair value of acquisition liabilities, which is included in operating expenses, as well as the increase in SG&A and new product development costs, which were largely offset by the increase in gross profit.

 

Weighted-average common stock shares outstanding were 53,374,275 for both basic and diluted in fiscal year 2026, compared to 40,874,068 for both basic and diluted in fiscal year 2025. The increase in weighted-average basic common shares was primarily due to the December Offering and the June Offering. The increase is also attributable to: (i) the 3,468,698 shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon the exercise of warrants; (ii) the 8,692,097 shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon conversion of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock; (iii) the 524,124 shares of Class A Common Stock issued in conjunction with the acquisitions of Visimid, G5 Infrared and AML, including earnouts; and (iv) the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock under the 2015 ESPP and underlying vested RSUs and RSAs. Potential dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted shares for all periods presented, as their effects would have been anti-dilutive due to net losses in those periods.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At June 30, 2026, we had working capital of approximately $103.7 million and total cash and cash equivalents of approximately $93.2 million. Approximately 4% of our total cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiaries in China and Latvia. Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries in China and Latvia were generated in-country as a result of foreign earnings. Historically, we considered unremitted earnings held by our foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. However, during fiscal year 2020, we began declaring intercompany dividends to remit a portion of the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to us, as the U.S. parent company. It is still our intent to reinvest a portion of earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries, however we also plan to repatriate a portion of their earnings.

 

In China, before any funds can be repatriated, the retained earnings of the legal entity must equal at least 50% of the registered capital. During fiscal years 2026 and 2025, we repatriated approximately $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, from LPOIZ. As of June 30, 2026, LPOIZ had approximately $0.7 million in retained earnings available for repatriation, based on earnings accumulated through December 31, 2025, the end of the most recent statutory tax year, that remained undistributed as of June 30, 2026. In July 2026, we repatriated $0.4 million, ahead of the closing of the divestiture of LPOIZ which is expected to occur in September 2026.

 

Loans payable as of June 30, 2026 consisted of the 2023 Equipment Loan (as defined below).

 

In May 2023, ISP Latvia entered into an equipment loan with a third party financial institution (the “2023 Equipment Loan”). The 2023 Equipment Loan is collateralized by certain equipment. The initial advances under the 2023 Equipment Loan totaled 260,258 EUR (or approximately USD $0.3 million), the proceeds of which were used to make prepayments to a vendor for equipment to be delivered at a future date. The final advance for the final payment to the equipment vendor was 132,674 EUR (or approximately USD $0.1 million). The 2023 Equipment Loan is payable over 48 months, with monthly installments beginning January 1, 2024. The 2023 Equipment Loan bears interest at the six-month EURIBOR rate, plus 2.84% (5.20% as of June 30, 2026). As of June 30, 2026, the outstanding balance on the 2023 Equipment Loan was approximately 164,000 EUR (or USD $0.2 million). For additional information regarding the 2023 Equipment Loan, see Note 14, Loans Payable, to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Equity Financing.

 

On June 1, 2026, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with a selling stockholder, North Run Strategic Opportunities Fund I, LP (“North Run”) and certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of 7,142,800 shares of Class A Common Stock at an offering price of $14.00 per share, consisting of 3,571,400 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by the Company and 3,571,400 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by North Run (the "June Offering"), resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $50.0 million. The June Offering closed on June 3, 2026.

 

On December 12, 2025, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Canaccord Genuity LLC and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering (the “December Offering”) of 7,750,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, at a public offering price of $7.75 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, we granted, and the Underwriters exercised, a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,162,500 shares of Class A Common Stock in the December Offering at the public offering price. The December Offering closed on December 15, 2025.

 

On February 18, 2025, we announced the closing of the acquisition of G5 Infrared and the related financing, including the issuance of shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock. For additional information, refer to Note 3, Acquisitions and Note 8, Stockholders' Equity, to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

In the short term, we have sufficient capital to fund the continued expansion of our operations. In the longer term, we may identify opportunities for additional acquisitions and other strategic transactions to expand and further enhance our business that may require that we raise additional capital should we elect to pursue any of such transactions.

 

 

Cash Flows – Operating.

Cash used in operations was $10.2 million for fiscal 2026, compared to approximately $8.3 million for fiscal year 2025. The cash used in operations for fiscal 2026 was primarily due to the following: (i) payment of the first earnout payment for the acquisition of G5 Infrared, of which $3.8 million was classified in operating activities, representing the amount in excess of the contingent consideration liability recognized as of the acquisition date; and (ii) investments in working capital of $9.6 million, largely driven by accounts receivable and inventory due to the growth in revenue, as well as supplier prepayments for critical materials with long lead times.  The cash used in operations during fiscal year 2025 was driven by the net loss, after considering non-cash items, which was partially driven by significant legal and consulting expenses related to the acquisition of G5 Infrared. In addition, inventory increased $1.4 million (net of inventory included in the acquisition of G5 Infrared), while the increase in accounts receivable was largely offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.

 

We anticipate continued improvement in our cash flows provided by operations in future years and as we continue to focus on managing our receivables, payables and inventory, while continuing to grow our sales and improve gross margins, with moderate increases in general, administrative, sales and marketing and new product development costs.

 

Cash Flows – Investing.

During fiscal years 2026 and 2025, we expended approximately $7.0 million and $18.5 million, net, to acquire AML and G5 Infrared respectively, as disclosed in Note 3, Acquisitions, in the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. During fiscal 2026, we expended approximately $6.3 million for capital equipment, as compared to approximately $1.3 million during fiscal year 2025. During fiscal years 2026 and  2025 our capital expenditures were primarily related to expansion of our glass fabrication capacity, as well as metrology and infrared coating equipment.

 

We anticipate a higher level of capital expenditures during fiscal year 2027, to support the demand currently in backlog and to enhance our capacity and capabilities; however, the total amount expended will depend on sales growth opportunities and other circumstances.

 

Cash Flows – Financing.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $111.0 million for fiscal year 2026, compared to approximately $29.3 million in fiscal year 2025. Cash provided by financing activities for fiscal year 2026 reflects approximately $120.2 million in net proceeds from public and private equity placements, offset by $5.7 million in principal payments on loans and finance leases. Cash provided by financing activities for fiscal year 2025 reflects approximately $29.8 million from financing related to the acquisition of G5 Infrared, offset by $0.4 million in principal payments on loans and finance leases.

 

How We Operate

 

We have continuing sales of two basic types: (i) sales of standard product configurations and (ii) sales of customized products or products developed specifically for a certain customer. In this latter type of business, we work with customers to help them determine optical specifications and then create certain optical designs for them, including complex multi-component, optical system or sub-system designs that we call “engineered solutions.” This is followed by “sampling” or prototyping small numbers of the product for the customers’ test and evaluation. Thereafter, should a customer conclude that our specification or design is the best solution to their product need; we negotiate and “win” a contract (sometimes called a “design win”) – whether of a “blanket purchase order” type or a supply agreement. The strategy is to create an annuity revenue stream that makes the best use of our production capacity and longer-term revenue planning, as compared to the turns business, which is unpredictable and uneven. A key business objective is to convert as much of our business to the design win and annuity model as is possible. We face several challenges in doing so:

 

	●	Maintaining the design and new product development capability, including a high-quality and responsive optical design engineering staff, opto-mechanical engineering, and all related disciplines;
	●	The fact that as our customers take products of this nature into higher volume, commercial production they begin to work seriously to reduce costs – which may lead them to turn to larger producers, domestic or overseas, even if sacrificing quality; and
	●	Our small business mass means that we can only offer a moderate amount of total productive capacity before we reach financial constraints imposed by the need to make additional capital expenditures – in other words, because of our limited cash resources and cash flow, we may not be able to service every opportunity that presents itself in our markets without arranging for such additional capital expenditures.

 

Despite these challenges to winning more “annuity” business, we nevertheless believe we can be successful in procuring this business because of our unique capabilities in optical design engineering that we make available on the market to our current and potential customers looking for specific solutions to their needs. Additionally, we believe that we offer value to some customers as a source of supply in the U.S. should they be unwilling to commit to purchase their supply of critical component(s) from foreign sources. For information regarding revenue recognition related to our various revenue streams, refer to Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Our Key Performance Indicators

 

Usually on a weekly basis, management reviews several performance indicators. Some of these indicators are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators, such as units of shippable output by product line, production yield rates by major product line, and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost, and, therefore, improved margins or improved ability to compete, where desirable, for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. We believe that our non-financial production indicators, such as those noted, are proprietary information.

 

 

Financial indicators that are usually reviewed at the same time include the major elements of the micro-level business cycle:

 

	●	sales backlog;
	●	revenue by product group;
	●	inventory levels;
	●	accounts receivable levels and quality;
	●	EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA; and
	●	other key indicators.

 

These indicators are similarly used to determine tactical operating actions and changes and are discussed in more detail below. Management will evaluate these key indicators as we transition to our new strategic plan to determine whether any changes or updates to our key indicators are warranted.

 

Sales Backlog.

We believe sales growth has been and continues to be a key indicator of success. Our best view into the efficacy of our sales efforts is in our “order book.” Our order book equates to sales “backlog.” It has a quantitative and a qualitative aspect: quantitatively, our backlog’s prospective dollar value and qualitatively, what percent of the backlog is scheduled by the customer for date-certain delivery. We monitor and evaluate our total backlog, which includes all firm orders requested by a customer that are reasonably believed to remain in the backlog and be converted into revenues. This includes customer purchase orders and may include amounts under supply contracts if they meet the aforementioned criteria.

 

Quarterly backlog levels for fiscal years 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

 

										Change From
		Total Backlog				Change From				Prior Quarter
Quarter		($ 000)				Prior Year End				End
Q1 2025		$	20,542				7	%			7	%
Q2 2025		$	19,767				3	%			(4	)%
Q3 2025		$	27,423				42	%			39	%
Q4 2025		$	37,390				94	%			36	%
Q1 2026		$	86,043				130	%			130	%
Q2 2026		$	97,837				162	%			14	%
Q3 2026		$	110,557				196	%			13	%
Q4 2026		$	110,943				197	%			0	%

 

Of the total backlog of $110.9 million as of June 30, 2026, approximately $85.6 million is requested by the customer for delivery within one year, which is expected to be converted into revenues during fiscal year 2027. 

 

The increase in total backlog from June 30, 2025 to June 30, 2026 of $73.6 million includes approximately $58.0 million in orders from a leading global technology customer for advanced infrared camera systems expected to ship in calendar year 2026 and 2027, as well as several other multi-million dollar orders from other customers. During fiscal 2026, we received a significant contract renewal for advanced infrared optics for a critical international military program. The acquisition of AML also added backlog of $1.1 million as of March 31, 2026. The timing of multi-year contract renewals are not always consistent and, thus, backlog levels may increase substantially when annual and multi-year orders are received, and decrease as shipments are made against these orders. We anticipate that our existing annual and multi-year contracts will be renewed in future quarters.

 

Markets continue to experience growing demand for infrared products used in the defense, security, industrial and first responder sectors. Demand for infrared products, including assemblies and cameras, continues to be fueled by interest in lenses made with our BD6 glass and our new BDNL materials. With the global supply of germanium concentrated in Russia and China, recent global events and increases in restrictions on the sourcing of these materials are generating high levels of interest in germanium alternatives such as our proprietary BlackDiamond materials, AML's AMTIR materials and other materials we are currently developing under an exclusive license with the Naval Research Lab.

 

 

 

Revenue by Product Group.

The following table sets forth revenue dollars by our four product groups for the three months and year ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, with certain fiscal year 2025 amounts reclassified from infrared components to assemblies and modules to conform to current classification:

 

		(unaudited)
		Three Months Ended												Year Ended
		June 30,								Quarter				June 30,								Year-to-date
		2026				2025				% Change				2026				2025				% Change
Revenue
Infrared components		$	7,095,963			$	4,542,306				56	%		$	21,196,156			$	13,905,784				52	%
Visible components			4,238,317				2,835,474				49	%			15,492,707				11,736,549				32	%
Assemblies and modules			9,051,215				4,569,737				98	%			31,879,418				8,373,101				281	%
Engineering services			776,857				262,276				196	%			3,153,818				3,187,196				(1	)%
Total revenue		$	21,162,352			$	12,209,793				73	%		$	71,722,099			$	37,202,630				93	%

 

Three months ended June 30, 2026 compared to three months ended June 30, 2025.

Our revenue increased by $9.0 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026, as compared to the same quarter of the prior fiscal year, primarily driven by increases in infrared components and assemblies and modules.

 

Revenue generated by the infrared components product group for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026 was $7.1 million, an increase of 56%, as compared to the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. AML, which was acquired during the quarter of fiscal 2026, contributed $1.1 million in sales of infrared materials during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026. The remaining $1.5 million increase in revenue is primarily due to increases in sales to defense and industrial customers in the U.S. and Europe.

 

Revenue from the visible components product group for the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026 was $4.2 million, an increase of 49% as compared to the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. The increase was driven by sales to industrial customers in Asia and Europe, as well as U.S. defense customers and distributors. In July 2026, we announced the divestiture of LPOIZ, our Chinese subsidiary, which will reduce our revenue from visible components following the closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur in September 2026.

 

Revenue from assemblies and modules was $9.1 million, an increase of 98%, as compared to the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. This increase is primarily driven by sales of G5 Infrared sales of cameras and modules, including the previously announced program with a large global technology customer and other defense and security customers, primarily for border patrol and C-UAS systems.

 

Revenue from engineering services increased by $0.5 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026, as compared to the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. This increase was primarily driven by Visimid’s contract with Lockheed Martin, where the timing and dollar value of deliverables is not always consistent, which causes revenue for this product group to fluctuate from period to period. For the fourth quarter of fiscal 2026, the revenue recognized against this contract was more than in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025. Management expects that the engineering revenue from a current Lockheed Martin program will decline, as the program transitions from development into production, yet other new programs that are starting now will generate comparable or higher engineering services revenue.

 

Year ended June 30, 2026 compared to year ended June 30, 2025.

Our revenue increased by approximately 93%, for fiscal year 2026, as compared to the prior fiscal year, primarily driven by increases in infrared components and assemblies and modules. Note that fiscal 2026 includes G5 Infrared for a full year, whereas the prior year included less than five months. In addition, we acquired AML during fiscal 2026, which contributed to infrared components since acquisition in January.

 

 

Revenue generated by the infrared components product group for fiscal year 2026 was $21.2 million, an increase of approximately 52%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. Of this increase, approximately $1.3 million is due to an increase in G5 Infrared sales of coating services. AML contributed $2.2 million to the increase in sales of infrared components for fiscal year 2026. The remaining $3.8 million increase in revenue is primarily due to increases in sales to defense and industrial customers in the U.S. and Europe.

 

Revenue from the visible components product group for fiscal year 2026 was $15.5 million, an increase of 32%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily driven by sales to industrial customers in Asia, as well as in the U.S. and Europe. In July 2026, we announced the divestiture of LPOIZ, which will reduce our revenue from visible components following the closing of the transaction, which is expected to occur in September 2026.

 

Revenue from assemblies and modules for fiscal year 2026 was $31.9 million, an increase of $23.5 million, or 281%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. Of this increase, approximately $23.1 million is due to an increase in G5 Infrared sales of cameras and modules, including the previously announced program with a large global technology customer as well as other defense and security customers.

 

Revenue from engineering services for fiscal year 2026 was nearly flat, as compared to the prior fiscal year. Revenue from Visimid’s contract with Lockheed Martin was less than in the prior fiscal year, due to timing, partially offset by a non-recurring engineering project for another defense customer. The timing and dollar value of deliverables is not always consistent, which causes revenue for this product group to fluctuate from period to period. Projects related to this product group are expected to drive sales growth in the other product groups over time, as these new products transition to from development and prototyping to production.

 

Inventory Levels.

We manage inventory levels to minimize investment in working capital but still have the flexibility to meet customer demand to a reasonable degree. We review our inventory for obsolete items quarterly. While the mix of inventory is an important factor, including adequate safety stocks of long lead-time materials, an important aggregate measure of inventory in all phases of production is the quarter’s ending inventory expressed as a number of days’ worth of the quarter’s cost of sales, also known as “days cost of sales in inventory,” or “DCSI.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending inventory by the quarter’s cost of goods sold, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DCSI measure equates to a lesser investment in inventory, and, therefore, more efficient use of capital. The table below shows our DCSI for the immediately preceding eight fiscal quarters:

 

Fiscal Quarter	Ended	DCSI (days)
Q4-2026	6/30/2026	128
Q3-2026	3/31/2026	100
Q2-2026	12/31/2025	119
Q1-2026	9/30/2025	111
Fiscal Year 2026 Average		115
Q4-2025	6/30/2025	123
Q3-2025	3/31/2025	178
Q2-2025	12/31/2024	107
Q1-2025	9/30/2024	112
Fiscal Year 2025 Average		130

 

Our average DCSI for fiscal year 2026 was 115, compared to 130 for fiscal year 2025. The decrease in average DCSI is driven by the increase in sales, while managing inventory levels to support our growing backlog. We strive to maintain DCSI of 110 to 120 days.

 

 

Accounts Receivable Levels and Quality.

Similarly, we manage our accounts receivable to minimize investment in working capital. We measure the quality of receivables by the proportions of the total that are at various increments past due from our normally extended terms, which are generally 30 days. The most important aggregate measure of accounts receivable is the quarter’s ending balance of net accounts receivable expressed as a number of days’ worth of the quarter’s net revenues, also known as “days sales outstanding,” or “DSO.” It is calculated by dividing the quarter’s ending net accounts receivable by the quarter’s net revenues, multiplied by 365 and divided by 4. Generally, a lower DSO measure equates to a lesser investment in accounts receivable and, therefore, more efficient use of capital. The table below shows our DSO for the preceding eight fiscal quarters:

 

Fiscal Quarter	Ended	DSO (days)
Q4-2026	6/30/2026	65
Q3-2026	3/31/2026	51
Q2-2026	12/31/2025	48
Q1-2026	9/30/2025	58
Fiscal Year 2026 Average		56
Q4-2025	6/30/2025	71
Q3-2025	3/31/2025	76
Q2-2025	12/31/2024	65
Q1-2025	9/30/2024	56
Fiscal Year 2025 Average		67

 

Our average DSO for fiscal year 2026 was 56, compared to 67 for fiscal year 2025. The decrease in average DSO for fiscal year 2026 is due to higher than normal DSO in fiscal year 2025.  This was due to the addition of G5 Infrared revenue, which had a higher concentration of shipments in the third month of the third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2025 which drove the accounts receivable balance up disproportionately to sales. We strive to maintain a DSO of less than 60, which we achieved for fiscal year 2026.

 

Other Key Indicators.

Other key indicators include various operating metrics, some of which are qualitative and others are quantitative. These indicators change from time to time as the opportunities and challenges in the business change. They are mostly non-financial indicators, such as on time delivery trends, units of shippable output by major product line, production yield rates by major product line, and the output and yield data from significant intermediary manufacturing processes that support the production of the finished shippable product. These indicators can be used to calculate such other related indicators as fully-yielded unit production per-shift, which varies by the particular product and our state of automation in production of that product at any given time. Higher unit production per shift means lower unit cost, and, therefore, improved margins or improved ability to compete where desirable for price sensitive customer applications. The data from these reports is used to determine tactical operating actions and changes. Management also assesses business performance and makes business decisions regarding our operations using certain non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures are described in more detail below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

We report our historical results in accordance with GAAP; however, our management also assesses business performance and makes business decisions regarding our operations using certain non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition and results of operations computed in accordance with GAAP; however, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measures have a number of limitations. As such, you should not view these disclosures as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and they are not necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other companies use.

 

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures used by management, lenders, and certain investors as a supplemental measure in the evaluation of some aspects of a corporation’s financial position and core operating performance. Investors sometimes use EBITDA as it allows for some level of comparability of profitability trends between those businesses differing as to capital structure and capital intensity by removing the impacts of depreciation and amortization. EBITDA also does not include changes in major working capital items, such as receivables, inventory, and payables, which can also indicate a significant need for, or source of, cash. Since decisions regarding capital investment and financing and changes in working capital components can have a significant impact on cash flow, EBITDA is not a good indicator of a business’s cash flows. We use EBITDA for evaluating the relative underlying performance of our core operations and for planning purposes. We calculate EBITDA by adjusting net income to exclude net interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation, and amortization, thus the term “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” and the acronym “EBITDA.”

 

 

We also calculate an adjusted EBITDA, which excludes: (1) stock compensation expenses; (2) the loss on extinguishment of debt; (3) the effect of the non-cash income or expense associated with the mark-to-market adjustments, related to the warrants; (4) the effect of non-cash income or expenses associated with the fair value adjustments related to the acquisition earnout liabilities; (5) acquisition costs, including legal fees and due diligence; and (6) the effect of foreign exchange gains or losses. Management uses adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our underlying operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations.

 

The fair value of the warrants was re-measured each reporting period until the warrants were reclassified from liabilities to equity as a result of the action taken at a special meeting of the stockholders on June 16, 2025. The change in the fair value of the warrants was either recognized as a non-cash expense or non-cash income each reporting period from February 18, 2025, the date of issuance, through June 16, 2025, when the liability was reclassified to equity. The change in the fair value of the warrants was not impacted by our actual operations but was instead strongly tied to the change in the market value of our Class A Common Stock. Please refer to Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

 

We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are helpful for investors to better understand our underlying business operations. The following table adjusts net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months and year ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:

 

		(unaudited)
		Three Months Ended June 30,								Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025				2026				2025
Net loss		$	(4,140,865	)		$	(7,055,980	)		$	(20,545,563	)		$	(14,873,182	)
Depreciation and amortization			1,320,375				792,488				5,038,066				4,149,240
Income tax provision			111,497				(122,402	)			314,713				37,790
Interest (income) expense			(298,238	)			312,967				(16,003	)			1,118,213
EBITDA		$	(3,007,231	)		$	(6,072,927	)		$	(15,208,787	)		$	(9,567,939	)
Stock-based compensation			1,600,218				298,309				2,861,795				1,043,464
Loss on extinguishment of debt			—				—				506,280				418,502
Change in fair value of warrant liability			—				2,224,270				—				1,353,716
Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities			3,401,807				1,430,000				15,636,336				1,560,445
Acquisition costs			70,273				—				290,448				—
Foreign exchange loss			30,796				141,583				146,060				129,882
Adjusted EBITDA		$	2,095,863			$	(1,978,765	)		$	4,232,132			$	(5,061,930	)
% of revenue			10	%			-16	%			6	%			-14	%

 

Our adjusted EBITDA for the quarter ended June 30, 2026 was approximately $2.1 million, compared to a loss of $2.0 million for the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase in adjusted EBITDA in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026 is primarily attributable to higher sales and gross margin, partially offset by higher SG&A costs.

 

Our adjusted EBITDA for fiscal year 2026 was approximately $4.2 million, compared to a loss of $5.1 million for fiscal year 2025. The increase in adjusted EBITDA for fiscal year 2026 is primarily attributable to higher sales and gross margin, partially offset by higher SG&A and new product development costs.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of income and expense during the reporting periods presented. Our critical estimates include the allowance for trade receivables, which is made up of allowances for credit losses, allowances for obsolete inventory, valuation of compensation expense on stock-based awards and accounting for income taxes. Although we believe that these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from those estimates given a change in conditions or assumptions that have been consistently applied. We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies, such as our policy for revenue recognition, however, the application of these policies does not require us to make significant estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.

 

 

Management has discussed the selection of critical accounting policies and estimates with our Board, and the Board has reviewed our disclosure relating to critical accounting policies and estimates in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The critical accounting policies used by management and the methodology for its estimates and assumptions are as follows:

 

Inventory obsolescence allowance is calculated by reserving 100% for items that have not been sold in two years or that have not been purchased in two years. These items, as identified, are allowed for at 100%, as well as allowing 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last twelve months and allowing 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months. Items of which we have excess supply are also reserved at 25% to 100%, depending on usage rates. The parts identified are adjusted for recent order and quote activity to determine the final inventory allowance. To date, our actual results have been materially consistent with our estimates, and we expect such estimates to continue to be materially consistent in the future.

 

Revenue is generally recognized upon transfer of control, including the risks and rewards of ownership, of products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The performance obligations for the sale of optical components and assemblies are satisfied at a point in time. We generally bear all costs, risk of loss, or damage and retain title to the goods up to the point of transfer of control of products to customers. Shipping and handling costs are included in the cost of goods sold. Revenues from product development agreements are recognized as performance obligations are met in accordance with the terms of the agreements and upon transfer of control of products, reports or designs to the customer. Product development agreements are generally short term in nature, with revenue recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation, and transfer of control of the agreed-upon deliverable. Invoiced amounts for VAT related to sales are posted to the balance sheet and are not included in revenue.

 

Stock-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of each stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Our directors, officers, and key employees were granted stock-based compensation through our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Omnibus Plan”), through October 2018 and after that date, the 2018 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “SICP”). Most options granted under the Omnibus Plan and the SICP vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives. The volatility rate is based on four-year historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding options. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable, then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.

 

Goodwill and amortizable intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value using generally accepted valuation methods. Purchased intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Purchased intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally two to fifteen years. We periodically reassess the useful lives of intangible assets when events or circumstances indicate that useful lives have significantly changed from the previous estimate. Amortizable intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, developed technology and tradenames. They are generally valued as the present value of estimated cash flows expected to be generated from the asset using a risk-adjusted discount rate. When determining the fair value of our intangible assets, estimates and assumptions about future expected revenue and remaining useful lives are used. Goodwill and intangible assets are tested for impairment on an annual basis and during the period between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

 

We assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment analysis. If we determine that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount, then the goodwill impairment test is performed. The fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying amount, and if the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, then an impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, up to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

 

 

Accounting for income taxes requires estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of tax credits, benefits, and deductions, and in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of the recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. We assessed the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets and concluded that a valuation allowance is needed to reserve the amount of the deferred tax assets that may not be realized due to the uncertainty of the timing and amount of taxable income in certain jurisdictions. In reaching our conclusion, we evaluated certain relevant criteria, including the amount of pre-tax income generated during the current and prior two years, as adjusted for non-recurring items, the existence of deferred tax liabilities that can be used to realize deferred tax assets, the taxable income in prior carryback years in the impacted jurisdictions that can be used to absorb net operating losses and taxable income in future years. Our judgments regarding future profitability may change due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. These changes, if any, may require material adjustments to these deferred tax assets, resulting in a reduction in net income or an increase in net loss in the period when such determinations are made, which, in turn, may result in an increase or decrease to our tax provision in a subsequent period.

 

In the ordinary course of global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of cost reimbursement and royalty arrangements among related entities, which could impact our income or loss in each jurisdiction in which we operate. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different than that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. In the event our assumptions are incorrect, the differences could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such determination is made. In addition to the factors described above, our current and expected effective tax rate is based on then-current tax law. Significant changes during the year in enacted tax law could affect these estimates.

 

Impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements that have recently been issued but have not yet been implemented by us are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which describes the potential impact that these pronouncements are expected to have on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

 

As a Smaller Reporting Company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations with respect to this item and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item 7A.

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the consolidated financial statements and supplementary data set forth in Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

 

None.

 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As of the end of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of members of our management, including our CEO and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act. Our CEO and our CFO have concluded, based on their evaluation, that as of June 30, 2026, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the end of the fiscal year to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit with the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process, including policies and procedures, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Our management assessed our internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on the results of this assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2026 based on such criteria. In accordance with guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the first fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2026, excludes the internal controls of Amorphous Materials, LLC, which was acquired on January 21, 2026. The acquired business represented approximately 1% of our total assets, excluding goodwill and intangible assets, 3% of our revenue, and 1% of our net loss as of and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026. Management is in the process of integrating and standardizing processes for G5 Infrared to conform to LightPath’s control framework.

 

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met under all potential conditions, regardless of how remote, and may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within LightPath have been prevented or detected. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Auditor’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

 

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

 

There have not been any significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter ended June 30, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 9B. Other Information.

 

(b)	During the three months ended June 30, 2026, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

  

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 

Not applicable.

  

 

PART III

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.

 

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our fiscal year 2027 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2026, with the exception of those items listed below.

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of the end of fiscal year 2026:

 

Plan category		Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights				Weighted average exercise and grant price of outstanding options, warrants and rights				Number of securities remaining available for future issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders			5,990,473			$	8.25				2,302,750
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders			—				—				—

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

 

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our fiscal year 2027 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2026.

 

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

 

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our fiscal year 2027 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2026.

 

 

PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

 

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

 

	(1)	Financial Statements – See Index on page F-1 of this report
	(2)	Financial Statement Schedules – None

 

(b) The following exhibits are filed or furnished, as applicable, herewith as a part of this report

 

Exhibit Number		Description
3.1.1		Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed June 15, 1992 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25748) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.2		Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed October 2, 1995 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as exhibit 3.1.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25748) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.3		Certificate of Designations of Class A common stock and Class E-1 common stock, Class E-2 common stock, and Class E-3 common stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed November 9, 1995 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25748) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 10, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.4		Certificate of Designation of Series A Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed July 9, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.4 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB40 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 11, 1997, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.5		Certificate of Designation of Series B Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed October 2, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB (File No. 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 1997, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.6		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed November 12, 1997 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB (File No. 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 1997, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.7		Certificate of Designation of Series C Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed February 6, 1998 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-47905) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 1998, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.8		Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series D Participating Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc. filed April 29, 1998 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 1 to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 28, 1998, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.9		Certificate of Designation of Series F Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed November 2, 1999 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No: 333-94303) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 10, 2000, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.10		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed February 28, 2003 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Appendix A to our Proxy Statement (File No. 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2003, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.11		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed March 1, 2016 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1.11 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 2016, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.12		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed October 30, 2017 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2017, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.13		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Designations of Class A Common Stock and Class E-1 Common Stock, Class E-2 Common Stock, and Class E-3 Common Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed October 30, 2017 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2017, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
3.1.14		Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series D Participating Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed January 30, 2018 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2018, and is incorporated herein by references thereto.

 

 

3.1.15		Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock of LightPath Technologies, Inc., filed February 14, 2025 with the Secretary of State of Delaware, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by references thereto.
3.2.1		Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of LightPath Technologies, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
4.1		Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.*
4.2		Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025)
4.3		Form of Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2025)
10.1		Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan dated October 15, 2002, as amended, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 31, 2017, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.2		LightPath Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan effective January 30, 2015, which was filed as Appendix A to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.3		Sixth Amendment to Lease dated as of July 2, 2014 between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Challenger Discovery LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 8, 2014, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.4		LightPath Technologies, Inc. 2018 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 19, 2018, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.5		Employment Agreement between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Mr. Sam Rubin, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto. †
10.6		Employment Agreement between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Mr. Albert Miranda, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 22, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto. †
10.7		Eighth Amendment to Lease Agreement between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Challenger-Discovery, LLC which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 17, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.8		Ninth Amendment to Lease dated as of September 21, 2021, between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Challenger Discovery LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.9		Investor Relations Consulting Agreement, dated April 11, 2022, by and between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and MZHCI, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 12, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.10		Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 12, 2023, between the Company and each purchaser named in the signature pages thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 12, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.11		Bridge Note dated August 6, 2024 by LightPath Technologies, Inc. in favor of Lytton-Kambara Foundation which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No: 000-27548) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.12		Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated February 13, 2025, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., G5 Infrared, LLC, the members of G5 Infrared, LLC, and Kenneth R. Greenslade, solely in his capacity as Sellers’ Representative filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

 

 

10.13		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 13, 2025, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. and the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers attached thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.14		Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 13, 2025, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. and each of the several purchasers signatory thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.15		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 13, 2025, by and between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Lytton-Kambara Foundation filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.16		First Amendment to Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated February 19, 2025, by and between LightPath Technologies, Inc. and Kenneth R. Greenslade, as Sellers’ Representative on behalf of the Sellers filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.17		Amendment No. 1 to the LightPath Technologies, Inc. 2018 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan filed as Appendix A with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.18		LightPath Technologies, Inc. 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan filed as Appendix B with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 2, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.19		Form of Indemnification Agreement between individual directors and LightPath Technologies, Inc.*
10.20		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 15, 2025, by and between LightPath Technologies, Inc., Unusual Machines, Inc. and Ondas Holdings Inc. filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 15, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.21		Form of Registration Rights Agreement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 15, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.22		Amendment No. 2 to the LightPath Technologies, Inc. 2018 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan filed as Appendix A with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 28, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.23		Underwriting Agreement, dated December 12, 2025, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc. Canaccord Genuity LLC, Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and the several underwriters named in Schedule I thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.24		Asset Purchase Agreement, dated January 20, 2026, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., Amorphous Materials, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Amorphous Materials, Inc., a Texas corporation and other parties thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.25		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto. †
10.26		Form of Stock Option Award Agreement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto. †
10.27		Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2026, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., North Run Strategic Opportunities Fund I, LP and the purchasers party thereto filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.28		Placement Agency Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2026, by and between LightPath Technologies, Inc., North Run Strategic Opportunities Fund I, LP and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
10.29		Equity Transfer Agreement, dated as of July 23, 2026, by and among LightPath Technologies, Inc., LightPath (Zhenjiang) Optical Instrumentation Co., Ltd., Hengtu Optical Technology (Nanjing) Co., Ltd. and Mr. Leo Zheng filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2026 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

 

 

19.1		Guide for Trading in Securities, which was filed as Exhibit 19.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.
21.1		Subsidiaries of the Registrant.*
23.1		Consent of BDO USA, P.C.*
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.*
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.*
32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.**
32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code.**
97.1		Clawback Policy, which was filed as Exhibit 97.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

 

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*
104		The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, formatted in iXBRL.

 

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*filed herewith

**furnished herewith.

 

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

 

None.

 

 

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

 

1. Organization and History

 

LightPath Technologies, Inc. (“LightPath”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) was incorporated in Delaware in 1992. It was the successor to LightPath Technologies Limited Partnership formed in 1989, and its predecessor, Integrated Solar Technologies Corporation formed in 1985. The Company completed its initial public offering during fiscal year 1996. On April 14, 2000, the Company acquired Horizon Photonics, Inc. (“Horizon”). On September 20, 2000, the Company acquired Geltech, Inc. (“Geltech”). In November 2005, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd (“LPOI”), a wholly-owned subsidiary located in Jiading, People’s Republic of China. In December 2013, we formed LightPath Optical Instrumentation (Zhenjiang) Co., Ltd (“LPOIZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary located in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China. Effective February 28, 2023, the legal entities of LPOI and LPOIZ were merged, with LPOIZ as the surviving company. In December 2016, we acquired ISP Optics Corporation, a New York corporation (“ISP”), and its wholly-owned subsidiary, ISP Optics Latvia, SIA, a limited liability company founded in 1998 under the Laws of the Republic of Latvia (“ISP Latvia”).

 

In July 2023, we acquired Liebert Consulting LLC, dba Visimid Technologies (“Visimid”). Visimid is an engineering and design firm specializing in thermal imaging, night vision and internet of things (“IOT”) applications. Visimid provides design and consulting services for Department of Defense (“DoD”) contractors, commercial and industrial customers, and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for original new products. Visimid’s core competency is developing and producing custom thermal and night vision cores. We believe that Visimid’s capabilities are aligned with our strategy to focus on engineered solutions. Visimid’s facility is located in Plano, Texas.

 

In February 2025, we acquired G5 Infrared LLC, a New Hampshire limited liability company (“G5 Infrared”). G5 Infrared is a vertically-integrated manufacturer of infrared camera systems and imaging solutions, specializing in advanced thermal imaging technology and long-range mission-critical detection solutions. G5 Infrared’s existing revenue and future growth pipeline are driven by established multi-year contracts and multiple defense programs of record in shipboard long-range surveillance, border security, and counter unmanned aerial systems (“C-UAS”) systems, as well as recurring federal, naval, and law enforcement programs. Additionally, G5 Infrared is a provider of infrared coatings, including for materials such as LightPath’s BlackDiamond (“BlackDiamond”) glass. G5 Infrared operates from a manufacturing facility in Hudson, New Hampshire. We believe that this acquisition strengthens LightPath’s position as a leader in infrared imaging by expanding the Company’s portfolio to include cooled infrared cameras. Management believes that the combination of LightPath and G5 Infrared creates a more robust, vertically-integrated solutions provider.

 

In January 2026, we acquired the assets of Amorphous Materials, Inc. through our newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary, Amorphous Materials LLC (“AML”). AML specializes in infrared glass fabrication, and operates from a manufacturing facility in Garland, Texas. We believe that this acquisition further strengthens LightPath's position as a leader in infrared imaging by expanding our materials portfolio and glass fabrication capabilities.

 

LightPath is a manufacturer of optical components, assemblies and sub-systems, including precision molded glass aspheric optics, infrared optics, thermal imaging assemblies, cameras and modules, and other optical components used in products that manipulate light. LightPath designs, develops and manufactures optical components and sub-system level lens assemblies utilizing advanced optical manufacturing processes, and integrated products such as infrared cameras that leverage those capabilities. LightPath products are incorporated into a variety of applications by customers in many industries, including defense products, border security, perimeter security, night vision systems, medical devices, laser aided industrial tools, automotive safety applications, telecommunications, machine vision and sensors, among others. Many of our optical assemblies and sub-systems consist of several products that we manufacture.

 

As used herein, the terms “LightPath,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” refer to LightPath individually or, as the context requires, collectively with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.

 

2. Significant Accounting Policies

 

Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Management estimates. Management makes estimates and assumptions during the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements that affect amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes available, which, in turn, could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

 

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash in the bank and cash equivalents with maturities of 90 days or less when purchased. The Company maintains its cash accounts in various institutions, generally with high credit ratings. The Company’s domestic cash accounts are maintained in several financial institutions, and balances may exceed Federal insured limits at times. The Company’s foreign cash accounts are not insured.

 

Allowance for credit losses is based on the best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience and expected future default probabilities based on our ongoing evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. The allowance consists of an amount identified for specific customers and an amount based on overall estimated exposure. Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms, which are generally net 30 days. If the Company’s actual collection experience changes, revisions to its allowance may be required. After all attempts to collect a receivable have failed, the receivable is written off against the allowance.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Inventories, which consist principally of raw materials, tooling, work-in-process and finished lenses, collimators and assemblies, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory costs include materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. Acquisition of goods from our vendors has a purchase burden added to cover customs, shipping and handling costs. Fixed costs related to excess manufacturing capacity are expensed when incurred. The Company looks at the following criteria for parts to consider for the inventory allowance: (i) items that have not been sold in two years and (ii) items that have not been purchased in two years. These items, as identified, are allowed for at 100%, as well as allowing 50% for other items deemed to be slow moving within the last twelve months and allowing 25% for items deemed to have low material usage within the last six months. Items of which we have excess supply are also reserved at 25% to 100%, depending on usage rates. The parts identified are adjusted for recent order and quote activity to determine the final inventory allowance.

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets ranging from one to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets using the straight-line method. Construction in process represents the accumulated costs of assets not yet placed in service.

 

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant, and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. The Company did not record any impairment of long-lived assets during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and would no longer be depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

Goodwill and amortizable intangible assets acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value using generally accepted valuation methods. Purchased intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Purchased intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally two to fifteen years. The Company periodically reassesses the useful lives of its intangible assets when events or circumstances indicate that useful lives have significantly changed from the previous estimate. Amortizable intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships, developed technology and tradenames. When determining the fair value of our intangible assets, estimates and assumptions about future expected revenue and remaining useful lives are used.

 

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, as of each fiscal year end, and during the period between annual tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company may assess goodwill for impairment using either a qualitative or quantitative approach. The qualitative approach consists of a weighting of several qualitative factors, including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions (including global trade factors), industry and market considerations, the recent and projected financial performance of the reporting unit, changes in the Company's enterprise market value and other relevant factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. This assessment may require significant judgments, including the estimation of future cash flows and an assessment of market and industry dependent risks. If the Company determines the qualitative factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is not necessary. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed. Impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its assessed fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of the goodwill of the reporting unit. The Company reviews its amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When evaluating amortizable intangible assets for potential impairment, the Company first determines if there are any indicators of impairment and if the carrying amount of the amortizable intangible assets might not be recoverable. If there are indicators of impairment, then the Company performs a recoverability test by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company calculates an impairment loss. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying value of its assets to the assets’ estimated fair value. The Company did not record any impairment of goodwill or amortizable intangible assets during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 or 2025.

 

Leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, other current liabilities and operating lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt, net of current portion on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate based on observed market data and other information available at the lease commencement date. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. The Company does not record leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with an initial term of one year or less. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components but rather accounts for each separate component as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are not included within the operating lease ROU asset and lease liability calculation. Variable lease payments primarily include reimbursements of costs incurred by lessors for common area maintenance and utilities. Lease expense for minimum operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed on the basis of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances have been established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

 

The Company has not recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits or penalties has not been provided since there has been no unrecognized benefit or penalty. If there were an unrecognized tax benefit or penalty, the Company would recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses.

 

The Company files United States (“U.S.”) Federal income tax returns, as well as tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. Open tax years subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) generally remain open for three years from the filing date. Tax years subject to examination by the state jurisdictions generally remain open for up to four years from the filing date. In Latvia, tax years subject to examination remain open for up to five years from the filing date and, in China, tax years subject to examination remain open for up to ten years from the filing date.

 

Our cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $93.2 million at June 30, 2026. Of this amount, approximately 4% was held by our foreign subsidiaries in China and Latvia. These foreign funds were generated in China and Latvia as a result of foreign earnings. Historically, we considered unremitted earnings held by our foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. However, during fiscal 2020, we began declaring intercompany dividends to remit a portion of the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. parent company. We accrue for the applicable Chinese withholding taxes on the portion of earnings that we intend to repatriate. It is still our intent to reinvest a significant portion of earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries, however we also plan to repatriate a portion of their earnings.

 

With respect to the funds generated by our foreign subsidiaries in China, the retained earnings of the legal entity must equal at least 50% of the registered capital before any funds can be repatriated. During fiscal years 2026 and 2025, we repatriated approximately $0.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, from LPOIZ. As of June 30, 2026, LPOIZ had approximately $0.7 million in retained earnings available for repatriation, based on earnings accumulated through December 31, 2025, the end of the most recent statutory tax year, that remained undistributed as of June 30, 2026. LPOI did not have any earnings available for repatriation as of the date of merger with LPOIZ.

 

Beginning in fiscal year 2019, earnings from the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries were subject to the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) inclusion pursuant to U.S. income tax rules. See Note 9, Income Taxes, to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

Revenue recognition – See Note 4, Revenue, to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of raw materials and purchased components, direct manufacturing labor, and allocated manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead includes production-related personnel costs, facility and equipment costs, depreciation, quality assurance, procurement, production control, and manufacturing engineering costs. Cost of goods sold also includes provisions for excess and obsolete inventory and inventory valuation adjustments are expensed as incurred.

 

VAT is computed on the gross sales price on all sales of the Company’s products sold in the People’s Republic of China and Latvia. The VAT rates range up to 21%, depending on the type of products sold. The VAT may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products. The Company recorded VAT receivables and payables on a net basis in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. These amounts were not significant as of June 30, 2026 and 2025.

 

New product development costs are expensed as incurred.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Stock-based compensation is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of each restricted stock unit or stock option as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. Our directors, officers, and key employees were granted stock-based compensation through our Amended and Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Omnibus Plan”), through October 2018 and after that date, the 2018 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “SICP”). Most options granted under the Omnibus Plan and the SICP vest ratably over two to four years and generally have ten-year contract lives. The volatility rate is based on historical trends in common stock closing prices and the expected term was determined based primarily on historical experience of previously outstanding awards. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities. The likelihood of meeting targets for option grants that are performance based are evaluated each quarter. If it is determined that meeting the targets is probable, then the compensation expense will be amortized over the remaining vesting period.

 

Fair value of financial instruments. The Company accounts for financial instruments in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”), which provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable.

 

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing.

 

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management.

 

The respective carrying value of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximated their fair values. Fair values were assumed to approximate carrying values for these financial instruments since they are short term in nature and they are receivable or payable on demand.

 

The fair value of the Company’s finance lease obligations and equipment loans payable approximate their carrying values, based upon current rates available to us.

 

The Company valued certain financial instruments issued in connection with the acquisition of G5 Infrared using Level 3 fair value measurements, including warrants, Series G Convertible Preferred stock and the Acquisition Notes (as defined below). See Note 8, Stockholders’ Equity, to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the valuation of the acquisition financing.

 

In connection with the acquisitions of G5 Infrared and AML, the Company also valued the earnout liabilities and the intangible assets acquired using Level 3 fair value methods. See Note 3, Acquisitions, to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

Other than as disclosed above, the Company does not have any other financial or non-financial assets or liabilities that would be characterized as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 instruments.

 

Debt issuance costs are recorded as a reduction to the carrying value of the related notes payable, by the same amount, and are amortized ratably over the term of the related note.

 

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period, except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Comprehensive income (loss) has two components, net income, and other comprehensive income (loss), and is included on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Our other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation adjustments made for financial reporting purposes.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Business segments. The Company operates principally in one reportable business segment. See Note 17, Segment Reporting, to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”) which requires disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses included in each expense caption on the face of the income statement at interim and annual reporting periods. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 and expect the standard will only impact our disclosures with no material impact on our operating results, financial position, or cash flows.

 

There are no other new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB that are not yet effective for the Company for the year ended June 30, 2026 that are expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) which requires disaggregated income tax disclosures on an annual basis, including information on our effective income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 effective July 1, 2025, and applied the guidance on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, but resulted in expanded income tax disclosures.  

 

3. Acquisitions

 

On January 20, 2026, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, AML, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Buyer”), Amorphous Materials, Inc., a Texas corporation (“Seller”) and other parties thereto, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement, Buyer agreed to acquire substantially all of the assets (collectively, the “Assets”) and assume and acquire certain of the rights and liabilities of Seller (collectively, the “Liabilities” and such acquisition of Assets and assumption of the Liabilities together, the “Transaction”) relating to Seller’s business of compounding and melting a broad range of Chalcogenide glasses for third-party manufacturers. The Transaction closed on January 21, 2026 (the “AML Acquisition Date”).

 

Aggregate consideration payable by the Company to Seller under the Asset Purchase Agreement in connection with the Transaction will not exceed $10.0 million and consists of (i) a cash payment of $7.0 million that was paid at closing (the “Cash Consideration”) and (ii) contingent consideration that will not exceed $3.0 million (the “Contingent Consideration”). The Contingent Consideration, if earned, is payable in shares of the Company's Class A common stock, $0.01 par value, ("Common Stock"), to be issued in up to six tranches of $500,000 each divided by the LPTH Stock Price (as calculated pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement) upon the achievement of certain milestones set forth in the Asset Purchase Agreement (each, a "Contingent Consideration  Payment").

 

We accounted for the acquisition of AML using the acquisition method of accounting, which required us to measure identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquiree at their fair values as of the AML Acquisition Date, with the excess of the consideration transferred over those fair values recorded as goodwill.

 

As of January 20, 2026, Seller satisfied the first milestone contemplated by the Contingent Consideration Payments and received an aggregate of 39,897 shares of Class A Common Stock (or approximately $544,000 at fair value, determined by multiplying the number of shares issued by the fair value of the Class A Common Stock on the AML Acquisition Date). The remaining estimated potential earnout was accrued based on a third-party valuation and was recorded in Accrued liabilities based on its fair value as of the AML Acquisition Date. On March 10, 2026 and June 4, 2026 following the achievement of additional milestones, an additional 43,621 and 30,838 shares of Class A Common Stock were issued, respectively, (or approximately $483,000 and $543,000 at fair value as of the issuance dates, respectively). Fair value adjustments of $0.7 million for the year  June 30, 2026 are included in “Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The remaining potential earnout is estimated at $1.4 million and is included in Accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2026.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

As of the AML Acquisition Date, the preliminary fair value of the aggregate consideration was approximately $9.2 million which consisted of (i) the Cash Consideration, (ii) 39,897 shares of Class A Common Stock (or approximately $544,000 at fair value, determined by multiplying the number of shares issued by $13.64 per share, which was the closing price on the AML Acquisition Date), and (iii) potential earnout consideration subject to achievement of five additional technical milestones, as defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement. As of the AML Acquisition Date, the fair value of consideration transferred consisted of the following:

		January 21,
Description		2026
Cash consideration		$	7,000,111
Net working capital adjustment			(76,874	)
Equity portion of consideration			544,195
Earnout portion of consideration			1,780,000
Selling expense at closing			2,000
Fair value of consideration transferred		$	9,249,432

 

We determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed by using available market information and various valuation methods that require judgement related to estimates. Our preliminary fair value estimates and assumptions to measure the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were subject to change as we obtained additional information during the measurement period. We completed our accounting for the acquisition during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026. The following table summarizes the allocation of the fair value of consideration transferred to assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the AML Acquisition Date and the adjustments recognized during the measurement period:

 

		Preliminary as of				Measurement
		January 21,				Period				Final as of
Description		2026				Adjustments, Net				June 30, 2026
Assets:
Accounts receivable		$	155,324			$	—			$	155,324
Inventory			455,399				—				455,399
Property and equipment			182,050				—				182,050
Goodwill			5,561,256				—				5,561,256
Other intangible assets			2,980,000				—				2,980,000
Total assets acquired		$	9,334,029			$	—			$	9,334,029
Liabilities:
Accounts payable			27,994				—				27,994
Accrued liabilities			97,134				(80,520	)			16,614
Current deposits			39,989				—				39,989
Total liabilities assumed		$	165,117			$	(80,520	)		$	84,597
Net assets acquired		$	9,168,912			$	80,520			$	9,249,432

 

Measurement period adjustments include fair value adjustments during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2026, related to accrued liabilities for employee benefits. The net impact of the aforementioned adjustments were offset by a net working capital adjustment, resulting on no change to goodwill.

 

Intangible assets – All intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of AML are subject to amortization. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the AML Acquisition Date is as follows:

 

						Useful Lives
Intangible Asset		Total				(Years)
Backlog		$	90,000				1
Developed technology			930,000				10
Tradename			390,000				10
Customer relationships			1,570,000				10
Total		$	2,980,000

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Goodwill – The $5.6 million of goodwill recognized is attributable to AML’s assembled workforce and expected synergies related to the expansion of our infrared glass portfolio and manufacturing capabilities. The acquired goodwill is expected to be deductible for Federal income tax purposes. See Note 7, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in these Notes to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

 

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements reflect the financial results of AML beginning on the AML Acquisition Date. Revenue generated by AML from the AML Acquisition date through June 30, 2026 is approximately $2.2 million and is included in our infrared components product group, with a net loss of $0.2 million, including amortization of intangible assets.

 

For the year ended June 30, 2026, we incurred approximately $0.3 million in acquisition costs which are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income in the line item entitled “Selling, general and administrative.”

 

Unaudited consolidated pro forma information is provided below, in combination with the acquisition of G5 Infrared.

 

G5 Infrared

 

On February 18, 2025 (the “G5 Acquisition Date”), the Company acquired G5 Infrared pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “G5 MIPA”) by and among the Company, G5 Infrared, the G5 Infrared members through the purchase from the members thereof of all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of G5 Infrared (collectively, the “Sellers”), and Kenneth R. Greenslade, solely in his capacity as Sellers’ Representative.

 

G5 Infrared is a vertically-integrated manufacturer of infrared camera systems and imaging solutions, and also provides infrared coatings. G5 Infrared operates from a manufacturing facility in Hudson, New Hampshire. The Company acquired G5 Infrared to expand the Company’s portfolio to include cooled infrared cameras.

 

Net assets and results of operations of G5 Infrared are reflected in our financial results commencing on the G5 Acquisition Date. Revenue generated by G5 Infrared is included in our infrared and assemblies and modules product groups.

 

We accounted for the acquisition of G5 Infrared using the acquisition method of accounting, which required us to measure identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquiree at their fair values as of the G5 Acquisition Date, with the excess of the consideration transferred over those fair values recorded as goodwill.

 

The fair value of the aggregate consideration was approximately $27.1 million which consisted of (i) $20.3 million in cash, (ii) 1,972,501 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and (iii) potential earnout consideration paid annually in fiscal years 2026 and 2027 subject to achievement of certain revenue and EBITDA targets set forth in the G5 MIPA. As of the G5 Acquisition Date, the preliminary estimate of fair value of consideration transferred consisted of the following:

 

		February 18,
Description		2025
Cash consideration		$	20,250,000
Net working capital adjustment			(423,871	)
Equity portion of consideration			4,872,066
Earnout portion of consideration			3,536,471
Revenue clawback			(1,104,471	)
Fair value of consideration transferred		$	27,130,195

 

The fair value of the equity portion of the consideration was determined by multiplying the number of shares issued, 1,972,501, by the fair value of the Class A Common Stock on the G5 Acquisition Date, which was $2.47. The initial cash consideration at closing was subject to a net working capital adjustment, which was settled in June 2025. The G5 MIPA also included a provision for a clawback amount if G5 Infrared’s actual revenue for the 2024 calendar year was less than $17.3 million. This clawback amount was settled in June 2025 and is reflected in the determination of the purchase price.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Earnout payments of an aggregate of up to $23.0 million of additional consideration may be paid annually in fiscal years 2026 and 2027 subject to achievement of certain minimum EBITDA and revenue targets for the one and two-year periods beginning on the first full calendar month commencing after the G5 Acquisition Date, as set forth in the G5 MIPA. If the targets are achieved during the respective periods, LightPath will (i) issue an aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock equal to 30% of the earnout payment divided by the average close price for the ten trading days immediately prior to the first anniversary of the earnout commencement date, as defined in the G5 MIPA, and (ii) pay additional cash consideration in an amount equal to 70% of the earnout payment, in each case to the former G5 Infrared members. The earnout is considered contingent consideration and is accounted for as a liability initially measured at fair value, with changes during each reporting period recognized in earnings. The portion of the earnout that will be settled in stock will also be accounted for as a liability since the achievement of targets adjusts the number of shares to be issued at settlement based on a variable other than the Company’s Class A Common Stock, and therefore it does not meet the criteria in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. The fair value of the earnout in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet is calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation method, which involves assumptions of revenue and EBITDA forecasts, discount rates and revenue volatility. The earnout liability is subject to fair value measurement each reporting period.

 

During the year ended  June 30, 2026, the first earnout period ended and based on the targets achieved, the first earnout payment was made to the G5 Sellers for $7.3 million in cash and $3.2 million in shares of Class A Common Stock (297,445 shares, or $3.6 million at fair value as of the issuance date). On  April 16, 2026, we executed a side letter agreement with the G5 Sellers which set the year two earnout payment amount and accelerated the payment timeline. Pursuant to the agreement, the earnout amount will be $9 million, comprised of $6.3 million in cash and $2.7 million in shares of Class A Common Stock, to be paid after  January 1, 2027 and on or before  January 15, 2027. As of June 30, 2026, the earnout liability was adjusted to $9.0 million. Fair value adjustments of $15.0 million and $1.4 million for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are included in “Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

 

We determined the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed by using available market information and various valuation methods that require judgement related to estimates. Our preliminary fair value estimates and assumptions to measure the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were subject to change as we obtained additional information during the measurement period. We completed our accounting for the acquisition during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025. The following table summarizes the allocation of the fair value of consideration transferred to assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the G5 Acquisition Date and the adjustments recognized during the measurement period:

 

						Measurement
		Preliminary as of				Period				Final as of
Description		March 31, 2025				Adjustments, Net				June 30, 2025
Assets:
Accounts receivable		$	1,897,098			$	—			$	1,897,098
Inventory			5,065,451				—				5,065,451
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			363,413				—				363,413
Property and equipment			1,542,707				—				1,542,707
Operating lease right-of-use asset			463,985				—				463,985
Goodwill			2,977,344				4,012,450				6,989,794
Other intangible assets			19,295,000				(5,543,000	)			13,752,000
Other assets			21,748				—				21,748
Total assets acquired		$	31,626,746			$	(1,530,550	)		$	30,096,196
Liabilities:
Accounts payable			1,981,164				—				1,981,164
Accrued liabilities			336,263				—				336,263
Operating lease liabilities, current			268,972				—				268,972
Deferred tax liabilities, noncurrent			1,174,650				(1,037,668	)			136,982
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent			242,620				—				242,620
Total liabilities assumed		$	4,003,669			$	(1,037,668	)		$	2,966,001
Net assets acquired		$	27,623,077			$	(492,882	)		$	27,130,195

 

Measurement period adjustments include fair value adjustments during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, primarily related to refined assumptions in the valuation of the earnout consideration, and intangible assets such as backlog, customer relationships and developed technology intangible assets. Deferred tax liabilities were adjusted for the revised intangible asset values, and for the refined tax rate apportionment calculation. The net impact of the aforementioned adjustments resulted in an increase to goodwill.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Intangible assets –All intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of G5 Infrared are subject to amortization. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired as of the G5 Acquisition Date is as follows:

 

						Useful Lives
Intangible Asset		Total				(Years)
Backlog		$	361,000				1
Developed technology			4,801,000				10
Tradename			3,450,000				15
Customer relationships			5,140,000				15
Total		$	13,752,000

 

The fair value of intangible assets is estimated using the multi-period excess earnings approach for acquired customer relationships and the relief from royalty method for the acquired trade names and developed technology. All of these level 3 fair value methods are income-based valuation approaches, which require judgment to estimate appropriate discount rates, revenue forecasts, useful lives, royalty rates related to the tradenames and developed technology intangible assets, and profitability assumptions related to customer relationships. The acquired intangible assets are not expected to be deductible for New Hampshire state income tax purposes, which resulted in a deferred tax liability of $1.1 million.

 

Goodwill – The $7.0 million of goodwill recognized is attributable to G5 Infrared’s market presence, the assembled workforce and established operating infrastructure. The acquired goodwill is expected to be deductible for Federal income tax purposes. See Note 7, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in these Notes to these Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

 

Acquisition costs have been expensed as incurred. In connection with the acquisition of G5 Infrared, we recorded acquisition costs of $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, which were included in the “Selling, general and administrative expenses” line item in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Unaudited supplemental pro forma information

 

The following table presents unaudited pro forma financial results of the operations acquired with G5 Infrared and AML. The pro forma results include adjustments to remove costs directly attributable to the acquisition, such as transaction-related costs and the loss on extinguishment of debt (as described in Note 14, Loans Payable, to these Consolidated Financial Statements). The pro forma results were prepared as if the acquisition of G5 Infrared was completed on the first day of our fiscal 2024, July 1, 2023, and as if the acquisition of AML was completed on the first day of our fiscal year 2025, July 1, 2024. The pro forma results do not include any integration synergies and are not necessarily indicative of our results of operations that actually would have been obtained had the acquisition of G5 Infrared been completed for the period presented, or which may be realized in the future.

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Revenue		$	73,280,192			$	52,828,817
Income before taxes		$	(20,052,850	)		$	(8,842,465	)

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Vismid Technologies

 

In July 2023, the Company acquired Visimid. The purchase price included certain installment payments of restricted stock, of which 112,323 and 382,253 shares were issued during the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and an earnout which is contingent upon the award and completion of a specific customer contract. The balance of the estimated potential earnout is not material and is included in Accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2026. Certain of the acquisition liabilities are subject to fair value adjustments, for which $0.1 million of expense was recorded during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, and is included in the “Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

 

4. Revenue

 

Product Revenue

The Company manufactures infrared imaging cameras, optical assemblies, optical components and infrared materials. Optical components include precision molded glass aspheric optics, molded and diamond-turned infrared aspheric lenses, and other optical elements produced using other fabrication techniques. The Company designs, develops, manufactures, and distributes optical systems, assemblies and components utilizing advanced optical manufacturing processes, multidisciplinary engineering and manufacturing technologies, and assembly and integration services. The Company also provides engineering services and performs research and development for optical solutions for a wide range of optics markets.

 

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is generally recognized upon transfer of control, including the risks and rewards of ownership, of products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company generally bears all costs, risk of loss, or damage and retains title to the goods up to the point of transfer of control of products to customers. Shipping and handling costs are included in the cost of goods sold. Revenue is presented net of sales taxes and any similar assessments.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Customary payment terms are granted to customers, based on credit evaluations. The Company does not have any contracts where revenue is recognized, but the customer payment is contingent on a future event. Deferred revenue is recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance. Deferred revenue was $1.1 million and $0.5 million as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

Nature of Products

Revenue from the sale of optical components, assemblies and modules is recognized upon transfer of control, including the risks and rewards of ownership, to the customer. The performance obligations for the sale of optical components and assemblies are satisfied at a point in time. Product development agreements for engineering services are generally short-term in nature, with revenue recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation, and transfer of control of the agreed-upon deliverable. Visimid has one longer-term order with a defense customer which includes both product development and hardware deliverables where similar revenue recognition criteria are applied.

 

We categorize our products into four product groups: (i) infrared components, (ii) visible components, (iii) assemblies and modules, and (iv) engineering services.

 

Revenue by product group for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was as follows, with certain fiscal year 2025 amounts reclassified from infrared components to assemblies and modules to conform to current classification:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Infrared components		$	21,196,156			$	13,905,784
Visible components			15,492,707				11,736,549
Assemblies and modules			31,879,418				8,373,101
Engineering services			3,153,818				3,187,196
Total revenue		$	71,722,099			$	37,202,630

  

5. Inventories, net

 

The components of inventories include the following:

 

		June 30,				June 30,
		2026				2025
Raw materials		$	9,451,766			$	4,507,764
Work in process			7,953,529				7,321,779
Finished goods			2,917,956				3,053,726
Allowance for obsolescence			(2,317,692	)			(2,024,431	)
		$	18,005,559			$	12,858,838

 

During fiscal years 2026 and 2025, the Company evaluated all allowed items and disposed of approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of inventory parts and wrote them off against the allowance for obsolescence.

 

The value of tooling in raw materials, net of the related allowance for obsolescence, was approximately $0.8 million and $1.1 million at June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

  

6. Property and Equipment, net

 

Property and equipment consist of the following:

 

		Estimated Lives			June 30,				June 30,
		(Years)			2026				2025
Manufacturing equipment		5 - 10			$	29,462,865			$	24,257,063
Computer equipment and software		3 - 5				1,529,767				1,449,494
Furniture and fixtures		5				441,908				398,800
Leasehold improvements		5 - 10				9,807,067				9,411,482
Construction in progress						2,514,238				1,536,968
Total property and equipment						43,755,845				37,053,807
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization						(24,392,819	)			(21,189,746	)
Total property and equipment, net					$	19,363,026			$	15,864,061

 

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $3.2 million and $2.7 million for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

  

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

In connection with various acquisitions, the Company identified intangible assets, which were recorded at fair value and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. The excess purchase price over the fair values of all identified assets and liabilities was recorded as goodwill, attributable primarily to expected synergies and the assembled workforce of the respective companies. See Note 3, Acquisitions, to these consolidated financial statements, for more information.

 

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

 

Balance as of June 30, 2024		$	6,764,127
Goodwill acquired during the year			6,989,794
Balance as of June 30, 2025			13,753,921
Goodwill acquired during the year			5,561,256
Balance as of June 30, 2026		$	19,315,177

 

We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or under certain circumstances more frequently, such as when events or circumstances indicate there may be impairment. The Company performed a qualitative assessment during its fourth quarter in 2026 and determined it was not more likely than not that goodwill was impaired.  The Company did not record any impairment of goodwill or amortizable intangible assets during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 or 2025.

 

Intangible assets were comprised of the following:

 

		Useful Lives			June 30, 2026												June 30, 2025
		(Years)			Gross				Accumulated Amortization				Net				Gross				Accumulated Amortization				Net
Customer relationships		10 - 15			$	10,422,300			$	(2,854,929	)		$	7,567,371			$	8,852,300			$	(2,191,687	)		$	6,660,613
Developed technology		8 - 10				9,928,304				(4,235,186	)			5,693,118				8,998,304				(3,621,677	)			5,376,627
Tradenames		8 - 15				8,096,418				(4,272,746	)			3,823,672				7,706,418				(3,981,360	)			3,725,058
Backlog		1				914,525				(864,085	)			50,440				824,525				(598,900	)			225,625
Total intangible assets					$	29,361,547			$	(12,226,946	)		$	17,134,601			$	26,381,547			$	(10,393,624	)		$	15,987,923

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Future amortization of identifiable intangible assets is as follows:

 

Fiscal year ending:
June 30, 2027		$	1,780,543
June 30, 2028			1,730,103
June 30, 2029			1,730,103
June 30, 2030			1,730,103
June 30, 2031			1,730,103
After June 30, 2031			8,433,646
		$	17,134,601

  

8. Stockholders’ Equity

 

Effective January 31, 2024, the Company’s authorized capital stock increased from 55,000,000 to 105,000,000 shares, comprised of 100,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share.

 

Of the 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, the Board of Directors has previously designated:

 

	●	250 shares of preferred stock as Series A Preferred Stock, all previously outstanding shares of which have been previously redeemed or converted into shares of our Class A Common Stock and may not be reissued;
	●	300 shares of preferred stock as Series B Preferred Stock, all previously outstanding shares of which have been previously redeemed or converted into shares of our Class A Common Stock and may not be reissued;
	●	500 shares of preferred stock as Series C Preferred Stock, all previously outstanding shares of which have been previously redeemed or converted into shares of our Class A Common Stock and may not be reissued;
	●	500,000 shares of preferred stock as Series D Preferred Stock, none of which have been issued;
	●	500 shares of our preferred stock as Series F Preferred Stock, all previously outstanding shares of which have been previously redeemed or converted into shares of our Class A Common Stock and may not be reissued; and
	●	35,111 shares of our preferred stock as Series G Convertible Preferred Stock.

 

Of the 100,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, the Board of Directors has previously designated 94,500,000 shares authorized as Class A Common Stock. The stockholders of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held. The remaining 5,500,000 shares of authorized common stock were designated as Class E-1 common stock, Class E-2 common stock, or Class E-3 common stock, all previously outstanding shares of which have been previously redeemed or converted into shares of Class A Common Stock.

 

Acquisition Financing

 

In conjunction with the financing of the acquisition of G5 Infrared, the Company designated a new series of preferred stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, which is convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock. Concurrent with the entry into the G5 MIPA on February 13, 2025, we entered into (i) a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) by and among the Company and North Run Capital, AIGH Investment Partners, LP, WVP Emerging Manager Offshore Fund LLC, the Lytton-Kambara Foundation and Alice W. Lytton Family LLC (collectively, the “Series G Purchasers”), (ii) a Class A Common Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Class A SPA”) by and between the Company and Lytton-Kambara Foundation (the “Class A Purchaser”), and (iii) and two senior secured promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $5.2 million (the “Acquisition Notes”) for total proceeds of approximately $32.2 million, inclusive of the conversion of the bridge promissory note (the “Bridge Note”) (see Note 14, Loans Payable), and before deducting offering expenses of $2.2 million incurred by the Company, which was used to fund, in part, the cash consideration payable in connection with the acquisition of G5 Infrared. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Series G Purchasers purchased from the Company (i) an aggregate of approximately 24,956 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,352,774 shares of Class A Common Stock, with an exercise price of $2.58 per share (the “Series G Purchasers Warrants”), and (iii) the Acquisition Notes, which are convertible into shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock limited to failure to achieve a certain EBITDA threshold (see Note 14, Loans Payable). The Securities Purchase Agreement closed on February 18, 2025.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

At the closing of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Series G Purchasers entered into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to register the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock (including those shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock that are issuable upon the conversion of the Acquisition Notes) and the Series G Purchasers Warrants (collectively, the “Registrable Securities”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company filed a registration statement covering the resale of such Registrable Securities on May 2, 2025, which became effective on May 12, 2025.

 

On June 16, 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved a proposal authorizing the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock upon the conversion of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock or the Series G Purchasers Warrants to the extent such issuances would result in an aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock exceeding 19.99% of the total shares of Class A Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the G5 Acquisition Date, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC.

 

On February 13, 2025, the Company also entered into the Class A SPA with the Class A Purchaser, pursuant to which the Class A Purchaser purchased from the Company: (i) 455,192 shares of Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of approximately $2.15 per share, and warrants to purchase 37.5% of the number of shares, or 170,697 shares of Class A Common Stock, with an exercise price of $2.58 per share (the “Class A Purchaser's Warrants”); and (ii) 232,258 shares of Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of approximately $2.15 per share. The Class A Purchaser and its affiliate, Alice W. Lytton Family LLC, (collectively, the “Lytton Buyers”) were also among the Series G Purchasers in the Securities Purchase Agreement, and the Class A Purchaser was also the Lender of our Bridge Promissory Note (see Note 14, Loans Payable). In connection with the closing of Securities Purchase Agreement and the Class A SPA, the Company received $1.5 million in cash from the Lytton Buyers, and the remaining consideration was exchanged for the outstanding principal and accrued interest of the Bridge Note as of February 18, 2025 (see Note 14, Loans Payable). The Class A SPA closed on February 18, 2025.

 

The aggregate gross proceeds of $32.2 million were allocated first to the instruments issued in exchange for the Bridge Promissory Note outstanding, at fair value, as the instruments were issued in exchange for the Bridge Promissory Note outstanding, which was accounted for as an extinguishment as further detailed in Note 14, Loans Payable. Those instruments included Class A Common Stock, Class A Purchaser’s Warrants, Series G Purchaser Warrants, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, and the Acquisition Note issued to the Lytton Buyers. The remaining proceeds were allocated to the remaining instruments as follows: (i) to the remaining Series G Purchasers Warrants at fair value as the Purchasers Warrants were initially recorded as liabilities, and (ii) the remaining proceeds, to the remaining Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, and Acquisition Notes issued on a relative fair value basis, by investor.

 

Warrants – The Company issued 4,352,774 Series G Purchasers Warrants in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement and 170,697 Class A Purchaser’s Warrants in connection with the Class A SPA (collectively, the “Warrants”). The exercise price of the Warrants is $2.58 (the “Exercise Price”). The Exercise Price and the number of underlying shares of Class A Common Stock is subject to proportional adjustment in the event of customary stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. The Warrants became exercisable upon the issuance date and will expire on the six-year anniversary of issuance. A holder may not exercise any portion of the Warrants, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance exercise, either (i) the holder (together with the holder’s affiliates and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 19.99%, or, if elected be such holder, a lesser percentage of the number of shares of the Class A Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrant, or (ii) the aggregate number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued upon exercise of the Warrant, the exercise of any other Warrants issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, and upon conversion of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, exceeds 6,055,606 shares, as adjusted to reflect any share splits, reverse share splits or similar recapitalizations that occur after the issuance date (the “Exchange Cap”).

 

The Series G Purchasers Warrants were initially not indexed to the Company’s own stock due to the Exchange Cap, as shareholder approval is not an input for determining the fair value of a fixed-for-fixed option on the Class A Common Stock. As such, the Series G Purchasers Warrants were initially classified as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in the change in fair value of warrant liability in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). On June 16, 2025, the Purchasers Warrants were reclassified from liabilities to equity as a result of the action taken at a special meeting of the stockholders, which removed the Exchange Cap. The Class A Purchaser’s Warrants are indexed to the Company's own stock, and meet the criteria for equity classification. The Warrants are valued using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model, which includes assumptions of expected volatility.

 

During the year ended June 30, 2026, all Series G Purchasers Warrants and Class A Purchaser's Warrants were exercised, by means of "cashless exercise" as defined in the respective warrant agreements. As of June 30, 2026, no warrants were outstanding.

 

Series G Convertible Preferred Stock – Based on an analysis of the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, it was concluded that they are more akin to an equity-type instrument. Economic characteristics and risks of an equity-linked conversion option are clearly and closely related to an equity-type host; thus, the conversion option embedded in the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock do not require bifurcation or liability classification under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. It also does not meet the definition of being mandatorily redeemable under ASC 480-10-20 because it does not embody an unconditional obligation to redeem the instrument. The Series G Convertible Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the holder after the 5 year Guaranteed Term, thus, it should be classified as mezzanine equity, outside of permanent equity. The Series G Convertible Preferred Stock was valued using a Binomial Lattice Model which considers the ability of the Investor to convert the instrument into common stock at any time, and for the Company's call option and the Investor's put option which are available after 5 years. The model incorporates transaction details such as stock price, contractual conversion price, dividend yield, discount rates, expected volatility, market credit spread, estimated yield and investor exercise behavior. The Series G Convertible Preferred Stock bears dividends at a per annum rate of 6.5%. The Company elected to recognize any redemption value changes immediately as they occur and adjust the carrying amount to equal the redemption value at each reporting period.

 

During the year ended  June 30, 2026, certain holders of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock elected "optional conversion," as defined in the certificate of designations. A total of 18,464 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, which have a stated value of $1,000 per share, were converted into 8,692,097 shares of Class A Common Stock at a conversion price of $2.15 per share. As a result of the conversion, we reclassified $25.3 million from temporary equity to common stock and additional paid-in capital. Following the conversions, 6,492 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2026.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Promissory Notes – The Acquisition Notes are convertible into shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock limited to failure to achieve a certain EBITDA threshold, and were recorded at fair value based on several probability weighted Binomial Lattice Models which considered the following outcomes: (i) the Company's EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2025 would be less than approximately $4.9 million the (the “EBITDA target”) which would cause automatic conversion of the Notes into shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock at a price of $1,000 per share; (ii) the Company would choose to redeem the Acquisition Notes at a premium of 102% prior to the two year maturity date, or (iii) the Acquisition Notes would be repaid at maturity. The models incorporate transaction details such as stock price, contractual conversion price, dividend yield, discount rate, expected volatility, estimated yield, and the probability the Company will meet the EBITDA target. The Acquisition Notes were redeemed by the Company on December 31, 2025. Refer to Note 14, Loans Payable, for further information regarding the Acquisition Notes.

 

Offering costs – The $2.0 million of estimated direct and incremental offering costs recorded in connection with the Acquisition Financing were allocated based on the relative fair values of the warrants, Class A Common Stock, Series G Convertible Preferred Stock and the Acquisition Notes that comprise the offering. Issuance costs were allocated as follows: (i) $1.6 million allocated to the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock and the Class A Common Stock issued in conjunction with the Acquisition Financing were recorded as a reduction to temporary equity; (ii) $0.3 million allocated to the warrants were expensed, as the warrants were determined to be classified as a liability, initially; and (iii) $0.3 million allocated to the Acquisition Notes, which are deferred and will be expensed over the term of the Acquisition Notes using the effective interest method. The Acquisition Notes were redeemed by the Company on December 31, 2025. Refer to Note 14, Loans Payable, for further information regarding the Acquisition Notes.

 

Offerings of Common Stock

 

On  December 12, 2025, we entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Canaccord Genuity LLC and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering (the “December Offering”) of 7,750,000 shares of Common Stock, at a public offering price of $7.75 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted, and the Underwriters exercised, a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,162,500 shares of Common Stock in the Offering at the public offering price. The December Offering closed on  December 15, 2025, with net proceeds of $65.2 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses paid by the Company.

 

On June 1, 2026, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with a selling stockholder, North Run Strategic Opportunities Fund I, LP (“North Run”) and certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of 7,142,800 shares of Class A Common Stock at an offering price of $14.00 per share, consisting of 3,571,400 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by the Company and 3,571,400 shares of Class A Common Stock sold by North Run (the "June Offering"), resulting in gross proceeds to us of approximately $50.0 million. The June Offering closed on June 3, 2026, with net proceeds of $47.1 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses paid by the Company.

 

9. Income Taxes

 

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes includes the following components:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Pretax income (loss):
United States		$	(24,582,719	)		$	(14,118,076	)
Foreign			4,351,869				(717,316	)
Loss before income taxes		$	(20,230,850	)		$	(14,835,392	)

 

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Current:
Federal tax		$	—			$	—
State			51,246				22,168
Foreign			231,756				224,743
Total current			283,002				246,911
Deferred:
Federal tax			—				(30,752	)
State			(63,330	)			(5,798	)
Foreign			95,041				(172,571	)
Total deferred			31,711				(209,121	)
Total income tax provision		$	314,713			$	37,790

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

The table below provides the updated requirements of ASU 2023-09 for the year ended June 30, 2026. See section Recent Accounting Pronouncements for additional details on the adoption of ASU 2023-09.

 

The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rates to the total income tax provision is as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30, 2026
		Amount				Percent
Current tax at U.S. statutory rate		$	(4,248,479	)			21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit (1)			(13,657	)			0.1	%
Foreign tax effects
Latvia - statutory rate differences			(598,961	)			3.0	%
Other foreign tax effects			11,865				(0.1	)%
Effect of cross-border tax law
GILTI			848,864				(4.2	)%
Tax credits
Federal research and development credit expiration			103,598				(0.5	)%
Changes in valuation allowance			3,256,056				(16.1	)%
Nondeductible/nontaxable items			173,242				(0.9	)%
NOL expiration and adjustments			733,630				(3.6	)%
Other adjustments			48,555				(0.2	)%
		$	314,713				(1.6	)%

 

(1)

The states that contribute to the majority (greater than 50%) of the tax impact in this category include New Hampshire for 2026.

 

As previously disclosed for the year ended June 30, 2025, prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09, the reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rates to the total income tax provision is as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30, 2025
U.S. federal statutory tax rate			21	%
Income tax provision reconciliation:
Tax at statutory rate:		$	(3,115,433	)
Net foreign income subject to lower tax rate			(60,104	)
State income taxes, net of federal benefit			(475,224	)
Valuation allowance			1,879,595
NOL expiration and adjustments			939,505
GILTI			192,980
Federal research and development credit expiration			206,467
Federal research and development and other credits			(225,532	)
Rate change			14,759
Stock-based compensation			(66,682	)
Other permanent differences			54,147
Acquisition financing			455,901
Prior year true-ups			237,411
		$	37,790

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Cash Paid for Income Taxes

 

Cash taxes paid by the Company during the year ended June 30, 2026 were as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30, 2026
Federal tax		$	—
State:
New Hampshire			11,488
Other states			8,376
Total state			19,864
Foreign:			—
China income tax			237,990
China withholding tax			67,782
Total foreign			305,772
Total cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)		$	325,636

 

Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China

The Company’s Chinese subsidiary, LPOIZ, is governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning the privately run and foreign invested enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. For both the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the tax rate for LPOIZ was 15%, in accordance with an incentive program for technology companies. The net deferred tax liability for LPOIZ is approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, primarily related to timing differences related to accelerated depreciation on fixed assets.

 

Historically, the Company considered unremitted earnings held by its foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. However, during fiscal year 2020, the Company began declaring intercompany dividends to remit a portion of the historical earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. parent company. It is still the Company’s intent to reinvest a significant portion of the more recent earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries, however the Company also plans to repatriate a portion of the historical earnings of its subsidiaries. Based on its previous intent, the Company had not historically provided for future Chinese withholding taxes on the related earnings. However, during fiscal year 2020 the Company began to accrue for these taxes on the portion of historical earnings that it intends to repatriate.

 

During the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company declared and paid intercompany dividends of $0.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, from LPOIZ, payable to the Company as its parent company. Accordingly, the Company paid and recorded income tax expense for Chinese withholding taxes of approximately $0.02 million and $0.1 million associated with these dividends during fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively. Accrued and unpaid withholding taxes were less than $0.1 million as of both June 30, 2026 and 2025. Other than these withholding taxes, these intercompany dividends have no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. We also paid Chinese withholding taxes of $0.04 million and $0.03 on payments from LPOIZ to LightPath for administrative services rendered during fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively.

 

Law of Corporate Income Tax of Latvia

The Company’s Latvian subsidiary, ISP Latvia, is governed by the Law of Corporate Income Tax of Latvia. Until December 31, 2017, ISP Latvia was subject to a statutory income tax rate of 15%. Effective January 1, 2018, the Republic of Latvia enacted tax reform with the following key provisions: (i) corporations are no longer subject to income tax, but are instead subject to a distribution tax on distributed profits (or deemed distributions, as defined), and (ii) the tax rate was changed to 20%; however, distribution amounts are first divided by 0.8 to arrive at the taxable amount of profit, resulting in an effective tax rate of 25%. As a transitional measure, distributions made from earnings prior to January 1, 2018, distributed prior to December 31, 2019, are not subject to tax if declared prior to December 31, 2019. ISP Latvia has declared an intercompany dividend to be paid to ISP, its U.S. parent company, for the full amount of earnings accumulated prior to January 1, 2018. Distributions of this dividend will be from earnings prior to January 1, 2018 and, therefore, will not be subject to tax. The Company currently does not intend to distribute any current earnings generated after January 1, 2018. If, in the future, the Company changes such intention, distribution taxes, if any, will be accrued as profits are generated.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, with certain fiscal year 2025 amounts reclassified from those previously reported to conform to current classification:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards		$	10,494,407			$	10,086,362
Stock-based compensation			342,093				315,311
R&D and other credits			1,849,781				1,954,068
Capitalized R&D expenses			781,803				1,203,265
Inventories			392,489				331,725
Intangible assets			1,513,177				—
Lease liability			2,244,816				2,149,965
Disallowed interest expense			180,651				200,821
Accrued expenses and other			2,550,285				540,585
Gross deferred tax assets			20,349,502				16,782,102
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets			(17,789,144	)			(13,963,557	)
Total deferred tax assets			2,560,358				2,818,545
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and other			(218,395	)			(321,825	)
Right-of-use asset			(2,351,145	)			(2,212,710	)
Intangible assets			—				(414,199	)
Total deferred tax liabilities			(2,569,540	)			(2,948,734	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)		$	(9,182	)		$	(130,189	)

 

In assessing the potential future recognition of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company’s largest deferred tax asset is related to its U.S. federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards. As of June 30, 2026, the Company has federal NOL carryforwards of approximately $42.0 million, of which $14.0 million expire from 2027 to 2034. Federal NOL carryforwards generated after 2021 of $28.0 million are carried forward indefinitely and are subject to an 80% limitation on taxable income. The Company also has state NOL carryforwards of approximately $33.3 million, of which $14.7 million begin expiring in 2027 and approximately $18.6 million have an indefinite life.

 

Based on the weight of the available evidence, management has provided for a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets of approximately $17.8 million at June 30, 2026, an increase of approximately $3.8 million as compared to June 30, 2025. The increase in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as compared to the prior year is primarily the result of the various movements in the current year deferred items. The U.S. net deferred tax asset of approximately $0.1 million results from federal and state tax credits with indefinite carryover periods. State income tax expense disclosed on the effective tax rate reconciliation above includes state deferred taxes that are offset by a full valuation allowance.

 

The utilization of the Company’s NOL carryforwards may be subject to a U.S. federal limitation due to the “change in ownership provisions” under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and other similar limitations in various state jurisdictions. Such limitations may result in a reduction of the amount of NOL carryforwards in future years and possibly the expiration of certain NOL carryforwards before their utilization. The Company has performed a Sec. 382 study and concluded that there is no limitation under Section 382 as of June 30, 2026.

 

At June 30, 2026, in addition to NOL carryforwards, the Company also has research and development and other credit carryforwards of approximately $1.9 million, which will expire from 2026 through 2045.

 

The Company files tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examinations by federal, foreign, and state and local jurisdictions, where applicable. There are currently no pending tax examinations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state tax examinations for fiscal years through June 2021, nor to corporate tax examination for through calendar year 2014 in China, and for fiscal years through June 2017 in Latvia. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax years in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state and local tax authorities to the extent utilized in a future period.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

As required by the uncertain tax position guidance in ASC No. 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company applied the uncertain tax position guidance to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remained open. The Company has not recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions. The Company’s conclusions regarding uncertain tax positions may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon ongoing analysis of or changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof as well as other factors.

 

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill was enacted (“OBBBA”), introducing significant and wide-ranging changes to the U.S. federal tax system. Significant components include restoration of 100% accelerated tax depreciation on qualifying property including expansion to cover qualified production property. Another major aspect incudes the return to immediate expensing of domestic research and experimental expenditures (“R&E”) which in some cases may include retroactive application back to 2021 for businesses with gross receipts of less than $31 million or accelerated tax deductions of R&E that was previously capitalized for larger businesses. The legislation also reinstates EBITDA-based interest deductions for tax purposes and makes several business tax incentives permanent. Less favorable business provisions include limitations on tax deductions for charitable contributions.

 

The OBBBA modified the U.S. International Tax provisions for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”), Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”), and the Base-erosion Anti-abuse Tax (“BEAT”) effective for tax years starting after December 31, 2025. The tax rate on GILTI, now renamed to Net CFC Tested Income (“NCTI”), is now 12.6%. The FDII rules, now renamed to Foreign Derived Deduction Eligible Income (“FDDEI”), now carry a 14% tax rate on FDDEI eligible income. The OBBB Act increases the BEAT rate from 10% to 10.5%.

 

The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this legislation on its future financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the effects will be recognized in the period of enactment.

  

10. Compensatory Equity Incentive Plan and Other Equity Incentives

 

Share-based payment arrangements — The Company’s directors, officers, and key employees were granted stock-based compensation under the Omnibus Plan, through October 2018 and after that date, the SICP. Such stock-based compensation may include, among other things, incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). The SICP is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. To date, our stockholders approved an aggregate of 13,715,625 shares of our Class A Common Stock for issuance pursuant to awards granted thereunder. As of June 30, 2026, 2,302,750 shares of Class A Common Stock were authorized and available for issuance pursuant to awards granted under the SICP. The Company’s executive officers are eligible to earn incentive compensation consisting of equity-based awards, as well as cash bonuses, based on the achievement of certain individual and/or Company performance goals set by the Compensation Committee.

 

The LightPath Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2014 ESPP”) was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on October 30, 2014 and approved by the Company’s stockholders on January 29, 2015. The 2014 ESPP expired on January 29, 2025. A new Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2025 ESPP”) was approved by the stockholders on June 16, 2025 with the first offering period beginning July 1, 2025. The 2025 ESPP permits employees to purchase Class A Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of an employee’s compensation, at a price not less than 85% of the market value of the Class A Common Stock on specified dates ( June 30 and December 31). In no event can any participant purchase more than $25,000 worth of shares of Class A Common Stock in any calendar year and an employee cannot purchase more than 8,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of 12 months and 4,000 shares on any purchase date within an offering period of six months. This discount of approximately $2,500 and $400 for each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, is included in the selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), which represents the value of the discount given to the employees purchasing stock under the respective ESPP plans.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

These plans are summarized below:

 

										Available for
		Award Shares				Outstanding at				Issuance at
Equity Compensation Arrangement		Authorized				June 30, 2026				June 30, 2026
SICP (or Omnibus Plan)			13,715,625				5,990,473				2,302,750
2025 ESPP			400,000				—				397,698
			14,115,625				5,990,473				2,700,448

 

Grant Date Fair Values and Underlying Assumptions; Contractual Terms —The Company estimates the fair value of each equity option as of the date of grant, using the Black-Scholes-Merton pricing model. The fair value of the 2014 ESPP and 2025 ESPP shares is based on the amount of the discount the employee obtained at the date of the purchase transaction.

 

Most stock options granted vest ratably over two to four years and are generally exercisable for ten years. The assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of RSU grants was 0%, and the assumed forfeiture rates used in calculating the fair value of options for performance and service conditions were 20% for each of the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The volatility rate and expected term are based on seven-year historical trends in Class A Common Stock closing prices and actual forfeitures. The interest rate used is the U.S. Treasury interest rate for constant maturities.

 

The Company estimated the fair value of each stock award as of the date of grant using the following assumptions:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Weighted-average expected volatility			81.9	%			74.0	%
Dividend yields			—	%			—	%
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate			4.10	%			4.09	%
Weighted-average expected term, in years			9.65				7.50

 

Restricted Stock Awards

 

RSAs are granted primarily to our executive officers, employees and consultants, and typically vest over a one to three year period from the date of grant, although some may vest immediately upon grant. The stock underlying RSAs is issued upon vesting.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

RSUs are granted primarily to our directors, although RSU awards may also be made to executive officers, employees and consultants. RSUs typically vest over a one to four year period from the date of grant, although some may vest immediately upon grant.

 

The Company issues new shares of Class A Common Stock upon the exercise of stock options and upon vesting of RSUs and RSAs, unless the recipient has elected to defer receipt of shares under the applicable IRS rules.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Information Regarding Current Share-Based Payment Awards — A summary of the activity for share-based payment awards in the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 is presented below:

 

		Stock Options												Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)												Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs)
						Weighted-				Weighted-								Weighted-				Weighted-								Weighted-				Weighted-
						Average				Average								Average				Average								Average				Average
						Exercise				Remaining								Grant Date				Remaining								Grant Date				Remaining
		Shares				Price				Contract				Shares				Fair Values				Contract				Shares				Fair Values				Contract
June 30, 2024			553,689			$	2.02				5.4				1,250,132								0.8				161,540								1.5
Granted			347,959			$	2.23								234,615			$	2.52								182,352			$	1.97
Exercised			(133,078	)		$	1.97								(365,199	)											(221,980	)
Cancelled/Forfeited			(47,951	)		$	2.47								(38,595	)											—
June 30, 2025			720,619			$	2.10				7.2				1,080,953								0.6				121,912								1.2
Granted			3,771,565			$	10.83								564,031			$	9.88								56,158			$	9.60
Exercised			(7,385	)		$	1.69								(184,279	)											(123,522	)
Cancelled/Forfeited			(9,579	)		$	1.74								—												—
June 30, 2026			4,475,220			$	9.42				9.2				1,460,705								1.0				54,548								1.1
Awards exercisable/vested as of
June 30, 2026			355,696			$	1.99				3.9				776,804								—				—								—
Awards unexercisable/unvested as of
June 30, 2026			4,119,524			$	10.06				9.7				683,901								2.2				54,548								1.1
			4,475,220												1,460,705												54,548

 

The intrinsic and fair values for share-based payment awards exercised and vested in the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are presented below:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Intrinsic Value - Exercised
Stock Options		$	74,438			$	216,473
RSUs			1,550,847				831,188
RSAs			1,122,476				436,439
Fair Value - Vested
Stock Options		$	—			$	42,938
RSUs			1,941,044				1,280,694
RSAs			1,090,373				419,928

 

The intrinsic values of share-based payment awards outstanding and exercisable as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are presented below:

 

		As of June 30,
		2026				2025
Stock Options		$	4,472,950			$	409,082
RSUs			18,516,375				2,213,716

 

 

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

As of June 30, 2026, there was approximately $20.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements, including share options and RSUs, granted under the Omnibus Plan, through October 2018 and after that date, the SICP. The expected compensation cost to be recognized is as follows:

 

Fiscal Year Ending:		Stock Options				RSAs				RSUs				Total
June 30, 2027		$	4,146,022			$	219,223			$	1,994,693			$	6,359,938
June 30, 2028			4,123,099				52,311				1,745,775				5,921,185
June 30, 2029			3,507,687				—				1,232,433				4,740,120
June 30, 2030			2,211,399				—				—				2,211,399
June 30, 2031			1,593,418				—				—				1,593,418
		$	15,581,625			$	271,534			$	4,972,901			$	20,826,060

 

There was no unrecognized compensation expense related to the Company’s 2014 ESPP, as all purchases were settled in January 2025. Unrecognized compensation expense related to the Company's 2025 ESPP was approximately $7,000 as of June 30, 2026.

 

Acceleration of Vesting — The Company does not generally accelerate the vesting of any stock options, RSUs or RSAs, however in the case of retirements, the Board of Directors may accelerate vesting, which would accelerate expense recognition.

 

Financial Statement Effects and Presentation — The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss):

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Stock options		$	1,248,186			$	67,486
RSAs			389,389				439,667
RSUs			1,224,220				536,311
Total		$	2,861,795			$	1,043,464

  

11. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during each period presented. The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share further assumes the potential dilutive effect of potential Class A Common Stock using the treasury-stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. During periods in which the average market price of the Class A Common Stock is above the applicable conversion price of the Company's convertible notes, the impact of conversion would be dilutive and such dilutive effect is reflected in diluted EPS. As a result, in periods where the average market price of the Class A Common Stock is above the conversion price, under the if-converted method, the Company calculates the number of shares issuable under the terms of the convertible notes based on the average market price of the stock during the period, and includes that number in the total diluted shares outstanding for the period. The Warrants and the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock are participating securities as the holders of such instruments participate in the event a dividend is paid on Class A Common Stock, however the holders do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, losses are attributed entirely to common stockholders. The computations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock are described in the following table:

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Net loss		$	(20,545,563	)		$	(14,873,182	)
Accretion of dividends on Series G preferred			—				(14,751,134	)
Net loss attributable to stockholders		$	(20,545,563	)		$	(29,624,316	)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic number of shares			53,374,275				40,874,068
Diluted number of shares			53,374,275				40,874,068
Loss per common share:
Basic		$	(0.38	)		$	(0.72	)
Diluted		$	(0.38	)		$	(0.72	)

 

The following weighted-average potential dilutive shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, as their effects would be anti-dilutive. Potential dilutive shares for the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, warrants and convertible notes were calculated based on the Exchange Cap in effect for the respective periods:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Options to purchase Class A Common Stock			3,405,985				523,809
RSUs and RSAs			1,256,174				1,243,331
Series G convertible preferred & warrants			1,776,488				2,583,499
			6,438,647				4,350,639

  

12. Defined Contribution Retirement Plans

 

The Company provides retirement benefits to its U.S.-based employees through two defined contribution retirement plans. These benefits are offered under the LightPath Technologies Inc. 401(k) plan (the “LightPath Plan”) and the G5 Infrared, LLC 401(k) Plan (the “G5 Plan”). The LightPath Plan and the G5 Plan are defined 401(k) contribution plans, administered by third parties, that all U.S. employees, over the age of 18, are eligible to participate in after one month of employment. Under the LightPath Plan, the Company matches 100% of the first 2% of employee contributions. Under the G5 Plan, the Company matches 100% of the first 4% of employee contributions. The Company made matching contributions under these plans of approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million during the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of January 1, 2026, the plans were merged.

  

13. Leases

 

The Company has operating leases for its manufacturing and office space. The Company has a lease agreement for its corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility in Orlando, Florida (the “Orlando Lease”). The Orlando Lease expires on March 31, 2034. Minimum rental rates for the extension term were established based on annual increases of approximately three percent (3%). Additionally, there is one five-year extension option exercisable by the Company. The minimum rental rates for such additional extension option will be determined at the time an option is exercised and will be based on a “fair market rental rate,” as determined in accordance with the Orlando Lease, as amended.

 

As of June 30, 2026, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, G5 Infrared, has a lease agreement for a manufacturing and office facility in Hudson, New Hampshire, which expires December 31, 2031. The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Visimid, has a lease agreement for a manufacturing and office facility in Plano, Texas, which commenced  September 1, 2025 for a five-year term. The prior facility was relocated to this larger facility, and the lease of the prior facility, which was set to expire   October 31, 2026, was terminated in  March 2026 pursuant to a mutual agreement with the lessor.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, LPOIZ, has a lease agreement for a manufacturing and office facility in Zhenjiang, China, which expires December 31, 2027. The Company, through ISP’s wholly-owned subsidiary ISP Latvia, has two lease agreements for a manufacturing and office facility in Riga, Latvia, which leases expire December 31, 2030.

 

The Company’s facility leases are classified as operating leases. The operating leases for facilities are non-cancelable, expiring in 2026 to 2034. The Company includes options to renew (or terminate) in the lease term, and as part of the ROU assets and lease liabilities, when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

 

At June 30, 2026, the Company also has obligations under eighteen finance lease agreements, entered into during fiscal years 2023 through 2026, with terms ranging from three to five years. The finance leases are for computer and manufacturing equipment. The finance leases for equipment in Riga, Latvia include financial covenants specific to ISP Latvia.

 

The Company’s operating lease ROU assets and the related lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of future lease payments over the lease term. Two of our operating leases include renewal options, which were not included in the measurement of the operating lease ROU assets and related lease liabilities. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used its collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Currently, none of the Company’s leases include variable lease payments that are dependent on an index or rate. The Company is responsible for payment of certain real estate taxes, insurance and other expenses on certain of its leases. These amounts are generally considered to be variable and are not included in the measurement of the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company generally accounts for non-lease components, such as maintenance, separately from lease components. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restricted covenants. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

The components of lease expense were as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Operating lease cost		$	1,230,379			$	1,051,861
Finance lease cost:
Depreciation of lease assets			202,758				171,664
Interest on lease liabilities			76,303				66,608
Total finance lease cost			279,061				238,272
Total lease cost		$	1,509,440			$	1,290,133

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

 

	Classification		June 30, 2026				June 30, 2025
Assets:
Operating lease assets	Operating lease assets		$	8,115,887			$	7,429,378
Finance lease assets	Property and equipment, net(1)			981,003				920,569
Total lease assets			$	9,096,890			$	8,349,947
Liabilities:
Current:
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, current		$	1,189,908			$	1,254,062
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, current			269,414				206,518
Noncurrent:
Operating leases	Operating lease liabilities, less current portion			8,888,227				8,326,250
Finance leases	Finance lease liabilities, less current portion			392,796				421,363
Total lease liabilities			$	10,740,345			$	10,208,193

 

(1)

Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated depreciation of approximately $0.5 million and $0.3 million as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

 

Lease term and discount rate information related to leases was as follows:

 

Lease Term and Discount Rate		June 30, 2026
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases			7.0
Finance leases			2.7
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases			3.1	%
Finance leases			9.3	%

 

Supplemental cash flow information:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash used for operating leases		$	1,420,068			$	1,189,231
Operating cash used for finance leases		$	76,304			$	66,608
Financing cash used for finance leases		$	236,240			$	187,626

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Future maturities of lease liabilities were as follows as of June 30, 2026:

 

		Finance				Operating
Fiscal year ending:		Leases				Leases
June 30, 2027		$	317,879			$	1,592,796
June 30, 2028			273,762				1,661,093
June 30, 2029			117,056				1,659,508
June 30, 2030			23,883				1,704,464
June 30, 2031			18,373				1,560,939
Thereafter			—				3,364,686
Total future minimum payments			750,953				11,543,486
Less imputed interest			(88,743	)			(1,465,351	)
Present value of lease liabilities		$	662,210			$	10,078,135

  

14. Loans Payable

 

As of June 30, 2026, loans payable consisted of one third-party equipment loan. During the year ended June 30, 2026, the Acquisition Notes were redeemed and the 2020 Equipment Loan (as defined below) was paid in full. The Bridge Note (as defined below) was extinguished during the year ended June 30, 2025.

 

Acquisition Notes

 

On February 18, 2025, in connection with the closing of the Securities Purchase Agreement (see Note 3, Acquisition of G5 Infrared), we issued the Acquisition Notes. The Acquisition Notes accrue interest at the rate between 10-12% per annum (12% as of June 30, 2026), based on the ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA of the Company, unless an event of default (as defined in the Acquisition Notes) occurs, at which time the Acquisition Notes would accrue interest at 15% per annum. The Company determined the embedded features related to the payment of variable interest and upon an event of default are clearly and closely related to the Acquisition Notes, and are therefore not bifurcated from the Acquisition Notes. At June 30, 2025, the net carrying value of the convertible promissory notes is $4.6 million, including unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $0.6 million, and had an effective interest rate of 5.7%. The estimated fair value (Level 3) of the convertible promissory notes approximates its book value as of June 30, 2025.

 

The Acquisition Notes would have matured on  February 18, 2027, the second anniversary of the issuance date, but were redeemed by the Company on  December 31, 2025, prior to the maturity date, at a redemption price equal to the portion of principal so redeemed plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Notes, since the funds used for redemption were not generated internally by Company operations, the redemption amount was multiplied by 102%. We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.5 million during the year ended  June 30, 2026, based on the difference between the carrying value of the debt being extinguished and the redemption amount.

 

The Acquisition Notes were automatically convertible into shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, which were in turn convertible into Conversion Shares, if the EBITDA reported by the Company for the calendar year ending December 31, 2025, is less than approximately $4.9 million, which are in turn convertible into Conversion Shares (the “Automatic Note Conversion”). The Series G Convertible Preferred Stock would have been convertible into Class A Common Stock. The Company determined that the Automatic Note Conversion did not require bifurcation from the Acquisition Notes as the Automatic Note Conversion (i) is indexed to the Company’s own stock, (ii) is settled in shares, not cash, and (iii) is only exercisable into a fixed number of shares at a fixed exercise price of $1,000 per share once it is triggered to convert and the conversion price can only be adjusted for standard antidilution provisions.

 

The Acquisition Notes included customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. Additionally, the Acquisition Notes included financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain a Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Acquisition Notes) of not greater than 4.00:1:00 and a Fixed Charge Covered Ratio (as defined in the Acquisition Notes) of greater than 1.20:1.00 for each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2025.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Bridge Note

 

On August 6, 2024, we entered into the Bridge Note with Lytton-Kambara Foundation (the “Lender” and also the “Class A Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Lender extended a loan to the Company in the principal amount of $3.0 million (the “Loan”). The Loan is subject to an original issue discount of 7%. After deducting the original issue discount, fees paid to our placement agent, and certain expenses, the Company received net proceeds of $2.7 million. The Bridge Note was unsecured, bore interest at the rate of 12.5% per annum and had a 1-year term, maturing on August 6, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”), at which time the entire principal amount of the Bridge Note and all accrued but unpaid interest would have been due and payable in full.

 

The Bridge Note and related accrued interest were settled on February 18, 2025, in conjunction with financing for the acquisition of G5 Infrared and the closing of the Securities Purchase Agreement and Class A SPA (see Note 8, Stockholders' Equity) with the Lytton Buyers. The Bridge Note and $1.5 million of cash was exchanged for: (i) 687,750 shares of Class A Common Stock at a purchase price of approximately $2.15 per share issued in connection with the Class A Common Securities Purchase Agreement; (ii) approximately 1,957 shares of Series G Convertible Preferred Stock issued in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement; (iii) warrants to purchase 512,091 shares of Class A Common Stock, with an exercise price of $2.58 per share, of which 170,697 were issued in connection with the Class A SPA and 341,394 were issued in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement and (iii) an Acquisition Note in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $1.2 million issued in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement. The exchange of the Bridge Note was accounted for as a debt extinguishment as the Conversion Option on the Acquisition Notes is substantive, the warrants, preferred stock, and common stock are equity classified and an exchange of debt for equity other than through an existing conversion feature is accounted for as an extinguishment. The loss on extinguishment of $0.4 million was computed as the difference between (i) the carrying value of the Bridge Note and (ii) the fair value of the new instruments issued, including the Acquisition Note, the Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, Class A Common Stock, and Warrants. Prior to closing of the Securities Purchase Agreement and Class A SPA, the Lytton Buyers owned a de minimis amount the Company’s equity and therefore the loss was not an in-substance capital transaction and was recognized as a loss on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

 

Equipment Loans

 

In December 2020, ISP Latvia entered into an equipment loan with a third party (the “2020 Equipment Loan”), which is also a customer. The 2020 Equipment Loan is collateralized by certain equipment. The initial advance under the 2020 Equipment Loan was 225,000 EUR (or approximately USD $0.3 million), payable in equal installments over 60 months, the proceeds of which were used to make a prepayment to a vendor for equipment to be delivered at a future date. The 2020 Equipment Loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.3%. An additional 225,000 EUR (or approximately USD $0.3 million) was drawn in September 2021, which proceeds were paid to the vendor for the equipment, payable in equal installments over 52 months. The 2020 Equipment Loan was paid in full as of December 31, 2025.

 

In May 2023, ISP Latvia entered into an equipment loan with a third party financial institution (the “2023 Equipment Loan”). The 2023 Equipment Loan is collateralized by certain equipment. The initial advances under the 2023 Equipment Loan totaled 260,258 EUR (or approximately USD $0.3 million), the proceeds of which were used to make prepayments to a vendor for equipment to be delivered at a future date. The final advance for the final payment to the equipment vendor was 132,674 EUR (or approximately USD $0.1 million). The 2023 Equipment Loan is payable over 48 months, with monthly installments beginning January 1, 2024. The 2023 Equipment Loan bears interest at the six-month EURIBOR rate, plus 2.84% (5.20% as of June 30, 2026).

 

Future maturities of loans payable are as follows:

 

		Equipment
		Loans
Fiscal year ending:
June 30, 2027		$	112,317
June 30, 2028			74,878
Total payments		$	187,195
Less current portion			(112,317	)
Non-current portion		$	74,878

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

  

15. Contingencies

 

Legal

 

The Company from time to time is involved in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. Management, after reviewing with legal counsel all of these actions and proceedings, believes that the aggregate losses, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

 

Potential Impact of Economic Conditions in China

 

Due to our operations in China, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects may be influenced to a significant degree by economic, political, legal and social conditions in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of other countries in many respects, including with respect to the level of development, growth rate, amount of government involvement, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significant growth over the past several decades, its growth rate has declined in recent years and may continue to decline. Deteriorating economic conditions in China generally have led to lower demand for our products in China and thus lower revenues and net income for our subsidiaries in China and the Company overall. A continuation of China’s current economic conditions or a further slowdown in the economic growth, an economic downturn, a recession, or other adverse economic conditions in China is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations in future quarters.

 

In addition, China’s export limitations on Germanium and Gallium, two materials that are commonly used in infrared optical components, are becoming increasingly disruptive to our business with adverse impacts. The initial restrictions imposed in July 2023 required all international customers to provide an end user statement for approval before receiving an export license. Following that announcement, supply of Germanium was disrupted, though not completely stopped. This also resulted in significant price increases in the cost of Germanium material. Following these restrictions we proactively canceled a number of customer orders for Germanium, to reduce our exposure in case of a supply disruption.

 

Then, in December 2024, China imposed additional restrictions applicable to exports to the United States, including a prohibition on exports of dual-use items to U.S. military users or for military uses and a policy under which exports of specified gallium- and germanium-related dual-use items to the United States would generally not be licensed. In November 2025, China suspended the latter U.S.-specific restriction through November 27, 2026. However, the underlying export-license requirements remain in effect, the restrictions applicable to U.S. military users and military end uses remain in place, and China may reinstate, extend, or modify its U.S.-specific restrictions.

 

As a purchaser of Germanium, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to obtain adequate supplies of Germanium, or that the timing or costs of obtaining such raw materials will be acceptable to us. We have taken proactive steps to minimize the orders we accept for Germanium products and therefore minimize our exposure to this risk, and are actively working with our customers to redesign their systems to use our BlackDiamond materials instead of Germanium-based materials. Additionally, we are actively collaborating with our customers to ensure those redesigned systems are tested and qualified as replacements for legacy Germanium-based systems. In some cases, such as complex defense and airborne systems, the re-qualification of such redesigned systems is a lengthy process that can take up to two years. In other systems such as commercial systems and also some specific defense systems, this is a faster process, that takes several months.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

Beginning in February 2025, the U.S. imposed additional tariffs on imports from China, and China imposed retaliatory tariffs and other measures on certain goods imported from the U.S. Since that time, the United States and China have increased, reduced, suspended, replaced, and otherwise modified various tariff and non-tariff measures, including through bilateral negotiations. We utilize a number of strategies intended to mitigate the impact of tariffs and other trade restrictions. However, given the uncertainty regarding the current tariffs, as well as the potential for additional trade actions by the U.S. or other countries in the future, any future impact on our operations and financial results is uncertain and these impacts could be more significant than those we have experienced in the past. Further, we can provide no assurance that the strategies we implemented to mitigate the impact of such tariffs or other trade actions will continue to be successful. To the extent that our supply chain, costs, sales, or profitability are negatively affected by the tariffs or other trade actions, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

 

Impact of Ongoing Wars

 

In February 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine. This war has led to ongoing sanctions on Russia, which have had continuing impacts on our supply chain of raw materials, particularly Germanium. Separately, Israel declared war on Hamas in October 2023. Initially, this resulted in a temporary increase in our sales, as Israel worked to replace electro-optical systems that in some cases use our materials. Our sales to customers in this region have since stabilized, however, it is still possible that this war could have a negative impact on our business as a result of the overall economic impact in Israel. In addition to the significant defense related market in Israel, we also serve many commercial related applications and work with commercial companies in Israel, and the business of those customers may be negatively impacted by the war over time. Given the dynamic nature of this situation, we cannot reasonably estimate the impact of either the Russian-Ukraine conflict or the Israel-Hamas war on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows into the foreseeable future.

  

16. Foreign Operations

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are translated at rates of exchange prevailing on the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange for the period. Gains or losses on the translation of the financial statements of a non-U.S. operation, where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar, are reflected as a separate component of equity, which was a cumulative gain of approximately $1.3 million and $1.0 million as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we also recognized net foreign currency transaction losses of approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, included in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) in the line item entitled “Other income, net.”

 

Revenues by geographic area, based on shipping destination, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Revenues:
United States		$	37,040,332			$	22,956,327
United Kingdom (1)			14,998,206				3,434,525
Israel			7,700,312				2,700,537
China			4,524,750				2,912,179
Other European countries			4,652,974				2,961,382
Other Asian countries			1,826,708				1,004,132
Rest of world			978,817				1,233,548
		$	71,722,099			$	37,202,630

 

(1)

The majority of shipments to the United Kingdom are for a customer that integrates products in the United Kingdom and returns them to their customers in the U.S.

 

Long-lived assets by geographic area as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

 

		June 30,				June 30,
		2026				2025
Long-lived assets:
United States		$	56,884,880			$	45,982,722
Latvia			5,176,771				4,848,441
China			2,049,520				2,300,608
		$	64,111,171			$	53,131,771

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

  

17. Segment Reporting

 

The Company has one reportable operating segment, the optics segment that is managed on a consolidated basis. The optics segment designs and manufactures products at locations in the U.S., Europe and Asia and manages the business activities on a consolidated basis. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) is the chief executive officer. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance for the optics segment and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net loss that also is reported on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as consolidated net loss. The types of products and services from which the optics segments derives its revenues is described in Note 4, Revenue. The accounting policies of the optics segment are the same as those described in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets. See Note 4, Revenue for detail about revenue by product and service group, and Note 16, Foreign Operations, for geographic information. See Note 18, Supplier and Customer Concentrations, for information about major customers.

 

The CODM uses consolidated net loss to evaluate income generated from segment assets, and to determine whether to invest in new capabilities related to this segment. The CODM monitors budget to actual results for revenue, gross profit, operating expenses and net loss on a consolidated basis. The CODM reporting package includes non-operating items to reconcile to net income. The following table represents the financial information regularly reviewed by the CODM, in addition to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Interest expense is reported on consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as interest expense, net; depreciation and amortization expense, stock-based compensation expense, and total expenditures for long-lived assets are reported on the consolidated statement of cash flows.

 

		Optics Segment
		Year Ended June 30,
		2026				2025
Revenue		$	71,722,099			$	37,202,630
Cost of goods sold			45,917,308				27,072,516
Segment gross profit			25,804,791				10,130,114
Less:
Sales & marketing			3,626,956				3,153,185
General & administrative			10,751,306				6,560,277
Corporate			10,282,241				6,101,165
New product development			3,784,029				3,063,772
(Gain) loss on disposal of equipment			(455,092	)			99,334
Amortization of intangible assets			1,833,320				1,414,817
Change in fair value of acquisition liabilities			15,636,336				1,560,445
Interest (income) expense, net			(16,003	)			1,118,213
Other non-operating income (expense)(1)			592,548				1,894,298
Provision for income taxes			314,713				37,790
Segment net loss			(20,545,563	)			(14,873,182	)
Reconciliation of profit or loss
Adjustments and reconciling items			—				—
Consolidated net loss		$	(20,545,563	)		$	(14,873,182	)

 

(1)

Other non-operating income (expense) includes loss on extinguishment of debt, change in fair value of warrant liability, and other income (expense), net, each of which is presented on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

 

18. Supplier and Customer Concentrations

 

The Company utilizes a number of glass compositions in manufacturing its molded glass aspheres and lens array products. These glasses or equivalents are available from a large number of suppliers, including CDGM Glass Company Ltd., Ohara Corporation, and Sumita Optical Glass, Inc. Base optical materials, used in certain of the Company’s products, are manufactured and supplied by a number of optical and glass manufacturers. The Company also utilizes major infrared material suppliers located around the globe for a broad spectrum of infrared crystal and glass. Historically, the Company has sourced Germanium from suppliers located in Russia and China. At the start of the war in Ukraine, all purchases of Germanium from vendors in Russia ceased and the Company has been purchasing Germanium only from vendors in China. In 2023, China began imposing export restrictions on Germanium and has continued to increase those restrictions over time, as further described in Note 15, Contingencies, to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that a satisfactory supply of such production materials will continue to be available, however, with longer lead times and higher prices for Germanium in particular, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

 

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LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

 

In fiscal year 2026, the Company had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 37% of its annual revenue, and 44% of its June 30, 2026 accounts receivable. Sales to these customers as a percentage of our fiscal year 2026 revenue include one customer at 24%, another customer at 7%, and the third customer at 6%. One of these customers comprised 27% of accounts receivable, a second customer comprised 8% of accounts receivable and a third customer comprised 9% of the accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2026. In fiscal year 2025, the Company had sales to three customers that comprised an aggregate of approximately 23% of its annual revenue, and 28% of its June 30, 2025 accounts receivable. Sales to these customers as a percentage of our fiscal year 2025 revenue include one customer at 9%, another customer at 7%, and the third customer at 6%. One of these customers comprised 11% of accounts receivable, a second customer comprised 3% of accounts receivable and a third customer comprised 1% of the accounts receivable balance as of June 30, 2025. For fiscal year 2025, it should be noted that one of those customers is a G5 Infrared customer, and does not reflect a full year of revenue and therefore has a higher concentration of accounts receivable than revenue. The loss of any of these customers, or a significant reduction in sales to any such customer, would adversely affect the Company’s revenues.

 

In fiscal year 2026, 48% of the Company’s net revenue was derived from sales outside of the U.S., with 97% of foreign sales derived from customers in Europe and Asia. In fiscal year 2025, 38% of the Company’s net revenue was derived from sales outside of the U.S., with 91% of foreign sales derived from customers in Europe and Asia.

  

19. Subsequent Event

 

On July 23, 2026, the Company and LPOIZ entered into an equity transfer agreement (the “ETA”) with Hengtu Optical Technology Co., Ltd. (the “Purchaser”), and Mr. Leo Zheng (the “Purchaser Representative”). The Purchaser is owned by the Purchaser Representative and certain members of the Company’s current management team. Pursuant to the ETA, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Company agreed to sell and transfer one hundred percent (100%) of its interest in LPOIZ to the Purchaser (the “LPOIZ Transaction”) for payment of cash consideration of $4,500,000 (the “Purchase Price”). The Purchase Price is payable in full no later than the fifth anniversary of the closing of the LPOIZ Transaction, with the Purchaser required to pay at least $500,000 per year, together with financing interest in an amount equal to four percent (4%) of the principal amount of each Purchase Price installment, all in accordance with the ETA. In addition, if the Purchaser fails to pay any amount due under the Agreement when due, the Purchaser shall pay damages on the overdue amount at an annual rate of seven percent (7%).

 

The ETA further provides that during the period commencing on the closing date of the LPOIZ Transaction and ending of the later of (i) the date on which the Purchase Price has been paid in full and (ii) the fifth anniversary of the closing date of the LPOIZ Transaction (such period, the “Restricted Period”), the Company shall have the right to designate an observer at all meetings of the board of directors, shareholders or other governing bodies of LPOIZ. The Purchaser has also agreed that, during the Restricted Period, (a) a change of control of the Company (as defined in the ETA) shall not occur; (b) the Company shall not sell, dispose of or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of its assets (including without limitation intellectual property) and/or business to any third party, except for the sale of inventory and products in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and the ETA; and (c) if there is any direct or indirect change in the ownership of LPOIZ or the Purchaser, the Purchaser shall provide a written notice to the Company immediately, and any new direct or indirect shareholder shall execute an acknowledgment in form and substance satisfactory to the Company acknowledging and agreeing to the post-closing restrictions and other applicable terms of the ETA.

 

Subject to the terms and conditions of the ETA, LPOIZ will receive from the Company certain limited rights and licenses to use specified trademarks in specified territories, including certain transitional trademark rights and a five-year license relating to specified marks. The ETA also provides LPOIZ with certain rights to use product drawings, tooling, molds, process documentation, technology, know-how and related technical support in connection with LPOIZ’s business following the closing. The rights and licenses are subject to the scope, duration, territory, quality control, confidentiality, payment, default and termination provisions set forth in the ETA, and the Company and its affiliates retain ownership of their intellectual property except to the extent expressly provided therein.

 

Additionally, pursuant to the ETA, during the first five years following the closing of the LPOIZ Transaction (the “Exclusive Supply Term”), LPOIZ shall continue to supply products to the Company in a manner consistent with past practice, applicable specifications and agreed upon quality requirements. The purchase price of such products to be supplied by LPOIZ to the Company shall continue to be cost plus ten percent (10%) following the closing of the LPOIZ Transaction; provided that for every payment by the Purchaser of $1,000,000 of the principal portion of the remaining balance of the Purchase Price, the cost plus markup percentage for products supplied to the Company shall automatically increase by five percent (5%) (e.g., upon payment of $2,000,000 in principal of the Purchase Price, the purchase price for products supplied to the Company will be cost plus twenty percent (20%). Upon full payment of the principal amount of the Purchase Price, the purchase price shall be fixed at cost plus thirty percent (30%) and shall not be further adjusted unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing.

 

The ETA contains certain mutual post-closing covenants restricting each party’s ability to sell, market or distribute specified products in specified territories during the Exclusive Supply Term.

 

The LPOIZ Transaction is expected to close in September 2026.

 

End of Consolidated Financial Statements

 

  

F- 38

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Table of Contents

  

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

	LIGHTPATH TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Date: September 10, 2026	By:	/s/ SHMUEL RUBIN
		Shmuel Rubin
		President & Chief Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

/s/ SHMUEL RUBIN		September 10, 2026		/s/ ALBERT MIRANDA		September 10, 2026
Shmuel Rubin				Albert Miranda
President & Chief Executive Officer				Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)				(Principal Financial and
				Accounting Officer)
/s/ M. SCOTT FARIS		September 10, 2026		/s/ THOMAS ELLIS		September 10, 2026
M. Scott Faris				Thomas Ellis
Director (Chairman of the Board)				Director
/s/ MARK CAYLOR		September 10, 2026		/s/ JOSEPH MENAKER		September 10, 2026
Mark Caylor				Joseph Menaker
Director				Director
/s/ S. ERIC CREVISTON		September 10, 2026		/s/ DARCIE PECK		September 10, 2026
S. Eric Creviston				Darcie Peck
Director				Director
/s/ KIMBERLY CRIDER		September 10, 2026
Kimberly Crider
Director

 

ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS

EX-21.1 SUBSIDIARIES

EX-23.1 BDO CONSENT

EX-31.1

EX-31.2

EX-32.1

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 10.19 INDEMNITY AGREEMENT

EXHIBIT 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA

XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE

XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE

XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE

XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE

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