Form POS AMI Global Opportunities
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2026
File No. 811-22350
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
| THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☐ | |
| AMENDMENT NO. 19 | ☒ |
GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(617) 482-8260
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Deidre E. Walsh
One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Throughout this Amendment to the Registration Statement, certain information concerning Global Opportunities Portfolio (the “Portfolio”) is incorporated by reference from Amendment No. 372 to the Registration Statement of Eaton Vance Mutual Funds Trust (File No. 002-90946 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”)) (the “Amendment”), which was filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 26, 2026 (Accession No. 0001133228-26-002298 ). The Amendment contains the prospectus (the “Fund prospectus”) and statement of additional information (the “Fund SAI”) of Eaton Vance Strategic Income Fund (the “Fund”), which may invest a portion of its assets in the Portfolio.
PART A
Responses to Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13 have been omitted pursuant to Paragraph B2(b) of the General Instructions to Form N-1A.
Item 5. Management
(a) Investment Adviser
Information concerning the Portfolio’s management is incorporated by reference from “Further Information About the Portfolio(s)” in the Fund prospectus.
(b) Portfolio Manager(s)
Information concerning the Portfolio’s management is incorporated by reference from “Further Information About the Portfolio(s)” in the Fund prospectus.
Item 6. Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Interests
(a) Purchase of Portfolio Interests
Interests in the Portfolio are issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. Investments in the Portfolio may be made only by U.S. and foreign investment companies, common or commingled trust funds, pooled income funds, organizations or trusts described in Section 401(a) or 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or similar organizations or entities that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act. There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment in the Portfolio. This Registration Statement, as amended, does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any “security” within the meaning of the 1933 Act.
(b) Sales of Portfolio Interests
Interests in the Portfolio are redeemable on any Portfolio Business Day as defined in Item 11 below.
Item 7. Tax Information
It is intended that the Portfolio operate and be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as an “association taxable as a corporation” or a “publicly traded partnership” (as defined in Section 7704 of the Code) taxable as a corporation. As a result, the Portfolio generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax; instead, each investor in the Portfolio is required to take into account in determining its U.S. federal income tax liability its allocable share of the Portfolio’s income, gain, loss, deductions and credits for any taxable year
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of the Portfolio ending with or within the taxable year of such investor, without regard to whether the investor has received or will receive any cash or property distributions from the Portfolio.
The Portfolio expects its allocations to constitute ordinary income and/or capital gains to investors subject to taxation.
Item 8. Financial Intermediary Compensation
Not applicable.
| Item 9. | Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, Related Risks and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings |
(a) Investment Objective
The Portfolio’s investment objective is total return.
(b) Implementation of Investment Objective
The Portfolio is not intended to be a complete investment program, and a prospective investor should take into account its objectives and other investments when considering the purchase of an interest in the Portfolio. The Portfolio cannot assure achievement of its investment objective. Information concerning the Portfolio’s investment practices and risks is incorporated by reference from “Further Information About the Portfolio(s)” in the Fund prospectus.
(c) Risks
Set forth below are the principal characteristics and risks associated with the investments and strategies of the Portfolio. The risks of these investment strategies could adversely affect the Portfolio’s net asset value or total return. The Portfolio might not use or be exposed to all of the strategies and techniques or invest directly or indirectly in all of the types of investments described in this registration statement. While at times the Portfolio may use alternative investment strategies in an effort to limit losses, it may choose not to do so.
Principal Risks
Definitions. As used herein, the following terms have the indicated meaning: “1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; “1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended; “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; “ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended; and “investment adviser” means the Portfolio’s investment adviser.
Market Risk. The value of investments held by the Portfolio may increase or decrease in response to social, economic, political, financial, public health crises or other disruptive events (whether real, expected or perceived) in the U.S. and global markets and include events such as war, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, terrorism, conflicts and social unrest. These events may negatively impact broad segments of businesses and populations and may exacerbate pre-existing risks to the Portfolio. The frequency and magnitude of resulting changes in the value of the Portfolio’s investments cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments held by the Portfolio may experience increased volatility, illiquidity, or other potentially adverse effects in reaction to changing market conditions. Monetary and/or fiscal actions taken by U.S. or foreign governments to stimulate or stabilize the global economy may not be effective and could lead to high market volatility. No active trading market may exist for certain investments held by the Portfolio, which may impair the ability of the Portfolio to sell or to realize the current valuation of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such assets.
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Foreign Investments. Investments in foreign issuers could be affected by factors not present in the United States, including expropriation, armed conflict, confiscatory taxation, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards, less publicly available financial and other information, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Because foreign issuers may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standard practices and requirements and regulatory measures comparable to those in the United States, there may be less publicly available information about such foreign issuers. Adverse changes in investment regulations, capital requirements or exchange controls could adversely affect the value of the Portfolio’s investments. Settlements of securities transactions in foreign countries are subject to risk of loss, may be delayed and are generally less frequent than in the United States, which could affect the liquidity of the Portfolio’s assets. Evidence of ownership of certain foreign investments may be held outside the United States, and the Portfolio may be subject to the risks associated with the holding of such property overseas. Trading in certain foreign markets is also subject to liquidity risk.
Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. Foreign issuers may become subject to sanctions imposed by the United States or another country against a particular country or countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, which could result in the immediate freeze of the foreign issuers’ assets or securities. The imposition of such sanctions could impair the market value of the securities of such foreign issuers and limit the Portfolio’s ability to buy, sell, receive or deliver the securities. In addition, as a result of economic sanctions, the Portfolio may be forced to sell or otherwise dispose of investments at inopportune times or prices, which could result in losses to the Portfolio and increased transaction costs. If a deterioration occurs in a country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Portfolio could also be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation, as well as by other restrictions on investment. The risks posed by such actions with respect to a particular foreign country, its nationals or industries or businesses within the country may be heightened to the extent the Portfolio invests significantly in the affected country or region or in issuers from the affected country that depend on global markets. Even if the Portfolio does not have significant investments in securities affected by sanctions, sanctions or the threat of sanctions may cause volatility in regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, including through global supply chain disruptions, increased inflationary pressures, and reduced economic activity, which could have a negative effect on the Portfolio’s performance. In addition, trade disputes may affect investor and consumer confidence and adversely affect financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. Events such as these and their impact on the Portfolio are difficult to predict.
In some non-U.S. securities markets, custody arrangements for securities provide significantly less protection than custody arrangements in U.S. securities markets, and prevailing custody and trade settlement practices (e.g., the requirement to pay for securities prior to receipt) expose the Portfolio to credit and other risks it does not have in the United States.
The Portfolio needs a license to invest directly in securities traded in many non-U.S. securities markets. These licenses are often subject to limitations, including maximum investment amounts. Once a license is obtained, the Portfolio’s ability to continue to invest directly is subject to the risk that the license may be terminated or suspended. In some circumstances, the receipt of a non-U.S. license by one of Eaton Vance’s clients may prevent the Portfolio from obtaining a similar license. In addition, certain activities could cause the suspension or revocation of the Portfolio’s license.
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The Portfolio may need to utilize complex structures to access certain non-U.S. investments. These structures may require the use of a local entity or local service provider, introducing increased costs as well as increased regulatory and counterparty risks.
Political events in foreign countries may cause market disruptions. For example, the United Kingdom (“UK”) left the European Union (“EU”) on January 31, 2020 (commonly known as “Brexit”). Market uncertainty remains regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of the possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes in the UK, EU and beyond are not yet fully known. If one or more additional countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the world’s securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted.
In addition, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”) could cause securities of a foreign (non-U.S.) company, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), to be delisted from U.S. stock exchanges if the company does not allow the U.S. government to oversee the auditing of its financial information. Although the requirements of the HFCAA apply to securities of all foreign (non-U.S.) issuers, the SEC has thus far limited its enforcement efforts to securities of Chinese companies. If securities are delisted, the Portfolio’s ability to transact in such securities will be impaired, and the liquidity and market price of the securities may decline. The Portfolio may also need to seek other markets in which to transact in such securities, which could increase the Portfolio’s costs.
As an alternative to holding foreign-traded investments, the Portfolio may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated investments of foreign companies that trade on U.S. exchanges or in the U.S. over-the-counter market including depositary receipts, such as ADRs and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), which evidence ownership of shares of a foreign issuer and are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, they continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities. These risks include the political and economic risks of the underlying issuer’s country, as well as in the case of depositary receipts traded on foreign markets, currency risk. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. Unsponsored depositary receipts are established without the participation of the issuer. As a result, available information concerning the issuer of an unsponsored depositary receipt may not be as current as for sponsored depositary receipts, and the prices of unsponsored depositary receipts may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Unsponsored depositary receipts may involve higher expenses, may not pass through voting or other shareholder rights and may be less liquid.
The Portfolio may invest in securities and other instruments (including loans and arbitration awards, among other instruments ) issued, guaranteed, owed or backed by sovereign or government entities. Economic data as reported by sovereign or government entities and other issuers may be delayed, inaccurate or fraudulent. Many sovereign or government debt obligations may be rated below investment grade. Any restructuring of a sovereign or government debt obligation held by the Portfolio will likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of the obligation. In the event of default of a sovereign or government debt, the Portfolio may be unable to pursue legal action against the issuer or secure collateral on the debt, as there are typically no assets to be seized or cash flows to be attached. Furthermore, the willingness or ability of a sovereign or government entity to restructure defaulted debt or pay an arbitration award may be limited, and the Portfolio may not be able to force a restructuring or collect on an award. Therefore, losses on sovereign or government defaults may far exceed the losses from the default of a similarly rated U.S. corporate debt issuer.
Foreign Currencies. The value of foreign assets and currencies as measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency rates and exchange control regulations, application of foreign tax laws (including withholding tax), governmental administration of economic or monetary policies (in this country or abroad), and relations between nations and trading. Foreign currencies also are subject to settlement, custodial and other operational risks. Currency exchange rates can be affected unpredictably by intervention,
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or the failure to intervene, by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks or by currency controls or political developments in the United States or abroad. If the U.S. dollar rises in value relative to a foreign currency, a security denominated in that foreign currency will be worth less in U.S. dollars. If the U.S. dollar decreases in value relative to a foreign currency, a security denominated in that foreign currency will be worth more in U.S. dollars. A devaluation of a currency by a country’s government or banking authority will have a significant impact on the value of any investments denominated in that currency. Costs are incurred in connection with conversions between currencies.
The Portfolio may engage in spot transactions and forward foreign currency exchange contracts, purchase and sell options on currencies and purchase and sell currency futures contracts and related options thereon (collectively, “Currency Instruments”) to seek to hedge against the decline in the value of currencies in which its portfolio holdings are denominated against the U.S. dollar or to seek to enhance returns.
Emerging Markets Investments. The risks of foreign investments can be more significant in emerging markets, which include frontier markets. Unless otherwise provided in the Portfolio’s principal investment strategies, an emerging market country is any country determined by the investment adviser to have an emerging market economy, considering factors such as the country’s political and economic stability, and the development of its financial and capital markets. Emerging markets may offer higher potential for gains and losses than investments in the developed markets of the world. Political and economic structures in emerging market countries generally lack the social, political and economic stability of developed countries, which may affect the value of the Portfolio’s investments in these countries and also the ability of the Portfolio to access markets in such countries. Securities markets within emerging market countries may experience low or non-existent trading volume, resulting in a lack of liquidity and increased volatility in prices for such securities, as compared to securities of comparable issuers in more developed capital markets. Emerging markets investments may also include investments through complex structures that may lack transparency.
Governmental actions can have a significant effect on the economic conditions in emerging market countries, which also may adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Portfolio’s investments. In particular, trade disputes may result in governmental actions that could have an adverse effect on investments in emerging market countries, including but not limited to restrictions on investments in, or required divestment of, particular issuers or industries. Such actions may effectively restrict or eliminate the Portfolio’s ability to purchase or sell investments in emerging market countries, and thus may make them less liquid or more difficult to value, or may force the Portfolio to sell or otherwise dispose of such investments at inopportune times or prices. In certain emerging market countries, governments participate to a significant degree, through ownership or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant adverse effect on market prices of securities and payments of dividends. Further, investing in the securities of issuers with economic exposure to emerging market countries may present a greater risk of loss resulting from problems in security registration and custody, substantial economic or political disruptions, terrorism, armed conflicts and other geopolitical events, and the impact of tariffs and other restrictions on trade or economic sanctions. Geopolitical events such as nationalization or expropriation could even cause the loss of the Portfolio’s entire investment in one or more country.
There may be less publicly available information about issuers in emerging markets than would be available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting, and recordkeeping standards and requirements comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject and, therefore, material information related to an investment may not be available or reliable. The laws of emerging market countries relating to the limited liability of corporate shareholders, fiduciary duties of officers and directors, and bankruptcy of state enterprises are generally less developed than or different from such laws in the United States. It may be more difficult to make a claim or obtain a
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judgment in the courts of these countries than it is in the United States. In addition, due to jurisdictional limitations, U.S. authorities (e.g., SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice) may be limited in their ability to enforce regulatory or legal obligations in emerging market countries. The possibility of fraud, negligence, undue influence being exerted by an issuer or refusal to recognize ownership exists in some emerging markets. The prices at which investments may be acquired may be affected by trading by persons with information that is not publicly available and by securities transactions by brokers in anticipation of transactions in particular securities. Disruptions due to work stoppages and trading improprieties in foreign securities markets have caused such markets to close. If extended closings were to occur in stock markets where the Portfolio is heavily invested, the Portfolio’s ability to redeem Portfolio shares could become impaired. In such circumstances, the Portfolio may have to sell more liquid securities than it would otherwise choose to sell. Emerging market securities are also subject to speculative trading, which contributes to their volatility. These foregoing risks may be even greater in frontier markets.
Sukuk. The Portfolio may invest in Sukuk, which are foreign or emerging market securities based on Islamic principles. Sukuk are securities with cash flows similar to conventional bonds, issued by an issuer, which is usually a special purpose vehicle incorporated by the sovereign or corporate entity seeking financing, to obtain an upfront payment in exchange for an income stream and a future promise to return capital. Such income stream may or may not be linked to a tangible asset. For Sukuk that are not linked to a tangible asset, the Sukuk represents a contractual payment obligation of the issuer or issuing vehicle to pay income or periodic payments or distributions to the investor, and such contractual payment obligation is linked to the issuer or issuing vehicle and not from interest on the investor’s money for Sukuk. For Sukuk linked to a tangible asset, the Portfolio will not have a direct interest in, or recourse to, the underlying asset or pool of assets. Sukuk involve many of the same risks that conventional bonds incur, such as credit risk and interest rate risk, as well as the risks associated with foreign or emerging market securities. In addition to these risks, there are certain risks specific to Sukuk, such as those relating to their structures.
ESG Investment Risk. To the extent that the investment adviser and/or sub-adviser consider environmental, social and/or governance (“ESG”) issues as a component in their investment decision-making process, the Portfolio’s performance may be impacted. Additionally, the investment adviser’s and/or sub-adviser’s consideration of ESG issues in their investment decision-making process may require subjective analysis and the ability of the investment adviser and/or sub-adviser to consider ESG issues may be difficult if data about a particular issuer (or obligor) is limited. The investment adviser’s and/or sub-adviser’s consideration of ESG issues may contribute to the investment adviser’s and/or sub-adviser’s decision to forgo opportunities to buy certain securities. ESG issues with respect to an issuer (or obligor) or the investment adviser’s and/or sub-adviser’s assessment of such may change over time.
Frontier Market Investments. Because frontier markets are among the smallest, least mature and least liquid markets, investments in frontier markets generally are subject to a greater risk of loss than investments in developed markets or emerging markets. Frontier market countries may have unstable governments that could have substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, including by restricting foreign investment. Many frontier market countries may be dependent upon commodities, global trade or foreign aid and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. The economies of frontier countries may be based on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions and may suffer from extreme debt burdens or volatile inflation rates. The actions of a relatively few major investors in these markets are more likely to result in significant changes in local prices and the value of investments there. The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in one or more frontier market countries as a result of which trading of securities may cease or may be substantially curtailed and prices for investments in such markets may not be readily available.
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Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in frontier market countries generally are more expensive than those relating to investment in more developed markets.
Investments in the China Region. Economies of countries in the China region differ from the U.S. economy or other foreign (including emerging) economies in various ways, such as structure, general development, government involvement, wealth distribution, interest rates, rate of growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. As export-driven economies, the economies of countries in the China region are affected by developments in the economies and government actions of their principal trading partners, such as the imposition of trading restrictions. Although larger and/or more established than many emerging markets, markets in the China region carry the high levels of risk associated with emerging markets including, among others, greater political, economic and social instability, market volatility caused by potential regional or territorial conflicts or natural disasters (such as monsoons), and price volatility and a lack of liquidity in securities. Accounting, auditing, financial , regulatory , and other reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements in China are different, sometimes in fundamental ways, from those in the United States and certain Western European countries, subjecting the Portfolio’s investments in Chinese securities to additional associated risks, including a lack of reliable audits and other financial information regarding many Chinese companies and heightened risk of market manipulation and fraud, which may be increased through actions taken by the Chinese government. These differences (including absence of information relative to issuers in many developed countries) may result in the unavailability of material information about Chinese issuers and/or inaccurate or incomplete financial records of an issuer’s operations in China. The unavailability of reliable, complete or other information and lack of comparable accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards present additional risks, such as risks associated with difficulties verifying issuers’ financial information. Financial reporting for companies domiciled in China does not have as much regulatory oversight as reporting for companies in the United States. Consequently, investments in the China region are subject to the risk of confiscatory taxation, nationalization or expropriation of assets, potentially frequent changes in the law, and imperfect information.
China’s governmental actions and the actions of other governments can have a significant effect on the economic conditions in the China region, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments. Investments in China involve a risk of total loss due to government action or inaction or other adverse circumstances. The Chinese central government has historically exercised substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through administrative regulation , state ownership and/ or other involvement (including installation of party officials within certain companies). Actions of the Chinese central and local government authorities continue to have a substantial effect on economic conditions in China and operations of particular Chinese companies. For example, the Chinese government may restrict investment in companies or industries considered important to national interests, or intervene in the financial markets ( such as by imposing trading restrictions, or banning or curtailing short selling ) and operations of Chinese issuers (including with respect to financial reporting). Certain securities are, or may in the future become restricted and/or sanctioned by the U.S. government or other governments and the Portfolio may be forced to sell or unable to sell such securities and incur a loss as a result and the Portfolio may be unable to purchase securities of Chinese issuers from time to time. In addition, the Chinese government has actively intervened in Chinese companies’ operations and structures and taken (and may continue to take) actions that influence the prices at which certain goods may be sold, encourage companies to invest or concentrate in particular industries, induce mergers between companies in certain industries and induce private companies to publicly offer their securities to increase or continue the rate of economic growth, control the rate of inflation or otherwise regulate economic expansion. It may do so in the future as well, potentially having a significant adverse effect on economic conditions in the China region. In addition, a Portfolio’s investments
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in companies owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the central, provincial, or municipal governments of the People’s Republic of China or by the People’s Liberation Army (the military arm of the Chinese Communist Party) involve increased risks that political changes, social instability, regulatory uncertainty, adverse diplomatic developments, asset expropriation or nationalization, economic sanctions, trade embargos, cancellation of investors’ interests, or confiscatory taxation and other unfavorable developments could adversely affect the performance of such companies and the value and liquidity of investments by the Portfolio in securities of those companies. These and other developments, including government actions or inactions, would likely result in significant liquidity risk or losses or forced disposition for Chinese investments.
The Chinese government also maintains strict currency controls and imposes repatriation restrictions in order to achieve economic, trade and political objectives and regularly intervenes in the currency market. The imposition of currency controls and repatriation restrictions may negatively impact the performance and liquidity of the Portfolio as capital may become trapped in the China region. Chinese yuan currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. Although the Chinese government has begun to institute legal and economic reform policies, there can be no assurances that it will continue to pursue such policies or, if it does, that such policies will succeed.
The Chinese securities markets are emerging markets characterized by greater price volatility relative to U.S. markets. In addition, there is less regulation and monitoring of Chinese securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States.
The China region is highly dependent upon trading with key partners, including the U.S., and export growth continues to play a major role in China’s economic growth. U.S. relations with China are strained, because of, among other things, a series of trade, international treaty, tax, and sanctions actions taken by the United States and China against each other, including the designation of China as a “foreign adversary” of the U.S., as well as countersanctions or countermeasures from the Chinese government that have been triggered or are expected to be triggered. Moreover, recent developments in relations between the U.S., other trading partners and China have heightened concerns (and the realization) of increased tariffs and restrictions on trade between the two countries, such as the potential for an escalation in trade tensions or a trade war, which could have an adverse effect on an investment in the China region, including but not limited to restrictions on investments in certain Chinese companies. For example, the U.S. has imposed sanctions on senior Chinese officials and certain employees of Chinese technology companies, and placed restrictions on U.S. investments in such companies. Increased tariffs or trade restrictions (and threats thereof) between China and the U.S. and other key trading partners could have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy and Chinese investments and could lead to a significant reduction in international trade, which could have a negative impact on China’s export industry, Chinese issuers, the liquidity or price of the Portfolio’s direct or indirect investments in China and, therefore, the Portfolio’s investments. In addition, the adoption or continuation of protectionist trade policies by one or more countries could lead to a decrease in demand for Chinese products and reduced flows of foreign capital to these economies. Moreover, a slowdown in other significant economies of the world, such as the United States, the European Union and certain Asian countries, may adversely affect economic growth in China.
The relationship between China and Taiwan is particularly sensitive, and hostilities between China and Taiwan, including continued threats by China to invade and control Taiwan, present a significant risk to the Portfolio’s investments in China. Ongoing political tension between the People’s Republic of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may have impacts on the economy of Hong Kong, and these impacts remain uncertain. Military or diplomatic moves involving China could significantly adversely affect the economies and issuers in the China region and, thus, the Portfolio’s investments.
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Military conflicts, either in response to internal social unrest or conflicts with other countries could significantly disrupt or otherwise adversely affect Chinese economies, markets and issuers. For example, the Chinese economy is vulnerable to long-running hostilities and disputes with certain countries and regions (e.g., China has a complex territorial dispute regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan and has made threats of invasion). Military conflict or other escalations between China and Taiwan would likely adversely affect the value and liquidity of securities of Chinese issuers and an invasion of Taiwan would likely significantly affect the value and liquidity of the Portfolio’s direct or indirect investments in Chinese companies. In addition, China may have strained international relations with other countries due to, among other things, territorial disputes, historical animosities, human rights and other national security concerns. Additionally, China is alleged to have participated in state-sponsored cyberattacks against foreign companies and foreign governments. Actual and threatened responses to such activity and strained international relations, including purchasing restrictions, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Chinese government or Chinese companies, may impact China’s economy and securities of Chinese issuers in which a Fund directly or indirectly invests. Military conflicts or other escalations between China and other countries may cause uncertainty in the Chinese market, may adversely affect the performance of the Chinese economy and may significantly impact the value and liquidity of the Portfolio’s investments in China.
Fixed-Income Securities and Other Debt Instruments. Fixed-income securities and other debt instruments include all types of fixed and floating-rate bonds and notes, such as convertible securities and other hybrid securities (other than preferred stock); corporate commercial paper; mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities; inflation-indexed bonds issued by both governments and corporations; structured notes, including “indexed” securities; loans; loan participations and assignments; private debt instruments; arbitration awards and related claims; delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities; and bank certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bank deposits (or investments structured to provide the same type of exposure) and bankers’ acceptances of foreign and domestic banks and other debt instruments. Fixed-income securities and other debt instruments are issued by: foreign governments or their subdivisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises; sovereign entities; international agencies or supranational entities; the U.S. Government, its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises (or guaranteed thereby); central or quasi-sovereign banks and U.S. and foreign corporations. Fixed-income securities and other debt instruments include deep discount bonds, such as zero coupon bonds, deferred interest bonds, bonds or securities on which the interest is payable in-kind (“PIK securities”), which are debt obligations that are issued at a significant discount from face value, and securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis. While zero coupon bonds do not make periodic payments of interest, deferred interest bonds provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. PIK securities provide that the issuer thereof may, at its option, pay interest in cash or in the form of additional securities. The market price of a fixed-income investment can decline due to market-related factors, including rising interest rates and widening credit spreads, rising inflation, or decreased liquidity due to, for example, market uncertainty about the value of a fixed-income investment (or class of fixed income investments).
Focused Investment Risk. To the extent the Portfolio has substantial investments in a relatively small number of securities or issuers, or a particular market, industry, group of industries, currency, country, region, group of countries, asset class or sector, the Portfolio’s net asset value may be more volatile and the Portfolio will be subject to greater risk than a fund that invests in a more diverse investment portfolio. Similarly, to the extent the Portfolio holds investments with closely correlated market prices, it will be subject to greater risk than a fund with investments that are not as closely correlated. Changes in the value of a single security or issuer or the impact of a single economic, political, or regulatory occurrence may have a greater adverse impact on the Portfolio ’s net asset value.
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A fund that invests in the securities of a small number of issuers has greater exposure to adverse developments affecting those issuers and a resulting decline in the market price of those issuers’ securities as compared to a fund that invests in the securities of a larger number of issuers. Companies that share common characteristics are often subject to similar business risks and regulatory burdens and often react similarly to specific economic, market, political or other developments.
Similarly, funds having a significant portion of their assets in investments tied economically to a particular geographic region, country, or market (e.g., emerging markets) or to sectors within a region, country, or market have more exposure to regional and country economic risks than do funds whose investments are more geographically diverse. The political and economic prospects of one country or group of countries within the same geographic region may affect other countries in that region, and a recession, debt crisis or decline in the value of the currency of one country can spread to other countries. Furthermore, companies in a particular geographic region or country are vulnerable to events affecting other companies in that region or country because they often share common characteristics, are exposed to similar business risks and regulatory burdens, and react similarly to specific economic, market, political, or other developments.
Geographic Risk. Because the Portfolio may invest significantly in a particular geographic region, country, or group of countries, the value of Portfolio shares may be affected by the economic, political, social, financial, business, and other conditions or events that adversely affect that region, country, or group of countries. The Portfolio’s NAV may be more volatile than that of a fund that invests more broadly.
Credit Risk. Investments in debt instruments are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled principal and interest. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances may reduce the capacity of the party obligated to make principal and interest payments on such instruments and may lead to defaults. Such non-payments and defaults may reduce the value of Portfolio shares and income distributions. The value of debt instruments also may decline because of concerns about the issuer’s ability to make principal and interest payments. In addition, the credit ratings of debt instruments may be lowered if the financial condition of the party obligated to make payments with respect to such instruments deteriorates. In the event of bankruptcy of the issuer of a debt instrument, the Portfolio could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing the instrument. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, bankruptcy or similar situation, the Portfolio may be required to retain legal or similar counsel, which may increase the Portfolio’s operating expenses and adversely affect net asset value. See “Lower Rated Investments.” The Portfolio is also exposed to credit risk when it engages in certain types of derivatives transactions and when it engages in transactions that expose the Portfolio to counterparty risk. See “Derivatives.”
In evaluating the quality of a particular instrument, the investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if applicable) may take into consideration, among other things, a credit rating assigned by a credit rating agency, the issuer’s financial resources and operating history, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the ability of its management, its debt maturity schedules and borrowing requirements, and relative values based on anticipated cash flow, interest and asset coverage, and earnings prospects. Credit rating agencies are private services that provide ratings of the credit quality of certain investments. Credit ratings issued by rating agencies are based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the issuer’s financial condition and the rating agency’s credit analysis, if applicable, at the time of rating. As such, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer’s current financial condition. The ratings assigned are not absolute standards of credit quality and do not evaluate market risks or necessarily reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or the volatility or liquidity of the security.
For purposes of determining compliance with the Portfolio’s credit quality restrictions, if any, the Portfolio’s investment adviser (or sub-adviser, if applicable) relies primarily on the ratings assigned by credit rating agencies but may, in the case of unrated instruments, perform its own credit and investment analysis to determine an instrument’s credit quality. A credit rating may have a modifier
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(such as plus, minus or a numerical modifier) to denote its relative status within the rating. The presence of a modifier does not change the security credit rating (for example, BBB- and Baa3 are within the investment grade rating) for purposes of the Portfolio’s investment limitations. If an instrument is rated differently by two or more rating agencies, the highest rating will be used for any Portfolio rating restrictions.
Interest Rate Risk. In general, the value of income securities will fluctuate based on changes in interest rates. The value of these securities is likely to increase when interest rates fall and decline when interest rates rise. Generally, securities with longer durations or maturities are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than securities with shorter durations or maturities, causing them to be more volatile. Conversely, fixed-income securities with shorter durations or maturities will be less volatile but may provide lower returns than fixed-income securities with longer durations or maturities. In a rising interest rate environment, the duration of income securities that have the ability to be prepaid or called by the issuer may be extended. In a declining interest rate environment, the proceeds from prepaid or maturing instruments may have to be reinvested at a lower interest rate. The impact of interest rate changes on the value of floating-rate instruments is typically reduced by periodic interest rate resets. Variable and floating-rate loans and securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much or as quickly as interest rates in general. Conversely, variable and floating-rate loans and securities generally will not increase in value as much as fixed rate debt instruments if interest rates decline. Because the Portfolio holds variable and floating-rate loans and securities, a decrease in market interest rates will reduce the interest income to be received from such securities. In the event that the Portfolio has a negative average portfolio duration, the value of the Portfolio may decline in a declining interest rate environment. Certain countries and regulatory bodies may use negative interest rates as a monetary policy tool to encourage economic growth during periods of deflation. In a negative interest rate environment, debt instruments may trade at negative yields, which means the purchaser of the instrument may receive at maturity less than the total amount invested. Changes in governmental policy, including changes in central bank monetary policy, could cause interest rates to rise rapidly, or cause investors to expect a rapid rise in interest rates. This could lead to heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risks for the fixed income markets generally and could have a substantial and immediate effect on the values of the Portfolio’s investments.
Lower Rated Investments. Investments in obligations rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities (sometimes referred to as “junk”) generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment grade securities. Lower rated investments are speculative because of increased credit risk relative to other fixed income investments. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances typically have a greater effect on the ability of issuers of lower rated investments to make principal and interest payments than they do on issuers of higher rated investments. An economic downturn generally leads to a higher non-payment rate, and a lower rated investment may lose significant value before a default occurs. Lower rated investments generally are subject to greater price volatility and illiquidity than higher rated investments. Lower rated investments are considered primarily speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
Because of the greater number of investment considerations involved in investing in investments that receive lower ratings, investing in lower rated investments depends more on the investment adviser’s judgment and analytical abilities than may be the case for investing in investments with higher ratings. While the investment adviser will attempt to reduce the risks of investing in lower rated or unrated securities through, among other things, active portfolio management, credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in the economy and the financial markets, there can be no assurance that the investment adviser will be successful in doing so.
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Derivatives. Generally, derivatives can be characterized as financial instruments whose performance is derived at least in part from the performance of an underlying reference instrument. Derivative instruments may be acquired in the United States or abroad consistent with the Portfolio’s investment strategy and may include the various types of exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) instruments described herein and other instruments with substantially similar characteristics and risks. Portfolio obligations created pursuant to derivative instruments may give rise to leverage, which may subject the Portfolio to heightened risk of loss. The Portfolio may invest in a derivative transaction if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the reference instrument. Depending on the type of derivative instrument and the Portfolio’s investment strategy, a reference instrument could be a security, instrument, index, currency, commodity, economic indicator or event (“reference instruments”).
Derivative instruments are subject to a number of risks, including adverse or unexpected movements in the price of the reference instrument, and counterparty, liquidity, market, tax and leverage risks. Certain derivatives may also be subject to credit risk and interest rate risk. In addition, derivatives also involve the risk that changes in their value may not correlate perfectly with the assets, rates, indices or instruments they are designed to hedge or closely track. Use of derivative instruments may cause the realization of higher amounts of short-term capital gains (generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates) than if such instruments had not been used. Success in using derivative instruments to hedge portfolio assets depends on the degree of price correlation between the derivative instruments and the hedged asset. Imperfect correlation may be caused by several factors, including temporary price disparities among the trading markets for the derivative instrument, the reference instrument and the Portfolio’s assets. To the extent that a derivative instrument is intended to hedge against an event that does not occur, the Portfolio may realize losses.
OTC derivative instruments involve an additional risk in that the issuer or counterparty may fail to perform its contractual obligations. Some derivative instruments are not readily marketable or may become illiquid under adverse market conditions. In addition, during periods of market volatility, an option or commodity exchange or swap execution facility or clearinghouse may suspend or limit trading in an exchange-traded derivative instrument, which may make the contract temporarily illiquid and difficult to price. Commodity exchanges may also establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or futures option can vary from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. This may prevent the closing out of positions to limit losses. The ability to terminate OTC derivative instruments may depend on the cooperation of the counterparties to such contracts. For thinly traded derivative instruments, the only source of price quotations may be the selling dealer or counterparty. In addition, certain provisions of the Code limit the use of derivative instruments. Derivatives permit the Portfolio to increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its portfolio is exposed in much the same way as the Portfolio can increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, of its portfolio by making investments in specific securities. There can be no assurance that the use of derivative instruments will benefit the Portfolio.
The U.S. and non-U.S. derivatives markets have undergone substantial changes in recent years as a result of changes under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) in the United States and regulatory changes in Europe, Asia and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations require most derivatives to be margined and/or cleared and traded on an exchange, expand entity registration requirements, impose business conduct requirements on counterparties, and impose other regulatory requirements that impact derivatives markets. The SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, which applies to the Portfolio’s use of derivative investments and certain financing transactions. Among other things, Rule 18f-4 requires certain funds that invest in derivative instruments beyond a specified limited amount (generally greater than 10% of a Portfolio’s net assets) to apply a value-at-risk based limit to their use of certain derivative instruments and financing transactions and to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program. To the extent a Portfolio uses
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derivative instruments (excluding certain currency and interest rate hedging transactions) in a limited amount (up to 10% of a Portfolio’s net assets), it will not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4. In addition, to the extent that the Portfolio enters into reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, the Portfolio may elect to either treat all of its reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions as derivatives transactions for purposes of Rule 18f-4 or comply (with respect to reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions) with the asset segregation requirements under Section 18 of the 1940 Act. The implementation of these requirements or additional future regulation of the derivatives markets may make the use of derivatives more costly, may limit the availability or reduce the liquidity of derivatives, and may impose limits or restrictions on the counterparties with which the Portfolio engages in derivative transactions. Portfolio management cannot fully predict the effects of any governmental regulation of the derivatives markets, and there can be no assurance that any government regulation will not adversely affect the Portfolio’s performance or ability to achieve its investment objective(s). Regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Act require that certain qualified financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts, forward contracts, repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and swaps agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements, credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of a Portfolio or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, a Portfolio may be temporarily unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. In addition, under the rule, a Portfolio is permitted to invest in a security on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, and the transaction will be deemed not to involve a senior security under the 1940 Act, provided that (i) the Portfolio intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). A Portfolio may otherwise engage in such transactions that do not meet the conditions of the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision so long as the Portfolio treats any such transaction as a “derivatives transaction” for purposes of compliance with the rule. Furthermore, under the rule, a Portfolio will be permitted to enter into an unfunded commitment agreement, and such unfunded commitment agreement will not be subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act, if the Portfolio reasonably believes, at the time it enters into such agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all such agreements as they come due. These requirements may impact a Portfolio’s credit and counterparty risks.
Options. Options may be traded on an exchange and OTC. By buying a put option on a particular instrument, the Portfolio acquires a right to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price. By buying a put option on an index, the Portfolio acquires a right to receive the cash difference between the strike price of the option and the index price at expiration. A purchased put position also typically can be sold at any time by selling at prevailing market prices. Purchased put options generally are expected to limit the Portfolio’s risk of loss through a decline in the market value of the underlying security or index until the put option expires. When buying a put option, the Portfolio pays a premium to the seller of the option. If the price of the underlying security or index is above the exercise price of the option as of the option valuation date, the option expires worthless and the Portfolio will not be able to recover the option premium paid to the seller. The Portfolio may purchase uncovered put options on securities, meaning it will not own the securities underlying the option.
The Portfolio may also write (i.e., sell) put options. The Portfolio will receive a premium for selling a put option, which may increase the Portfolio’s return. In selling a put option on a security, the Portfolio has the obligation to buy the security at an agreed upon price if the price of such instrument decreases below the exercise price. By selling a put option on an index, the Portfolio has an obligation to make a payment to the buyer to the
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extent that the value of the index decreases below the exercise price as of the option valuation date. If the value of the underlying security or index on the option’s expiration date is above the exercise price, the option will generally expire worthless and the Portfolio, as option seller, will have no obligation to the option holder.
The Portfolio may purchase call options. By purchasing a call option on a security, the Portfolio has the right to buy the security at the option’s exercise price. By buying a call option on an index, the Portfolio acquires the right to receive the cash difference between the market price of the index and strike price at expiration. Call options typically can be exercised any time prior to option maturity or, sold at the prevailing market price.
The Portfolio may also write (i.e., sell) a call option on a security or index in return for a premium. A call written on a security obligates the Portfolio to deliver the underlying security at the option exercise price. Written index call options obligate the Portfolio to make a cash payment to the buyer at expiration if the market price of the index is above the option strike price. Calls typically can also be bought back by the Portfolio at prevailing market prices and the Portfolio also may enter into closing purchase transactions with respect to written call options.
The Portfolio’s options positions are marked to market daily. The value of options is affected by changes in the value and dividend rates of their underlying instruments, changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the relevant index or market and the remaining time to the options’ expiration, as well as trading conditions in the options market. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying instruments are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before markets for the underlying instruments, significant price and rate movements can take place in the markets that would not be reflected concurrently in the options markets.
The Portfolio’s ability to sell the instrument underlying a call option may be limited while the option is in effect unless the Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction. Uncovered call options have speculative characteristics and are riskier than covered call options because there is no underlying instrument held by the Portfolio that can act as a partial hedge. As the seller of a covered call option or an index call option, the Portfolio may forego, during the option’s life, the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the underlying instrument covering the call option above the sum of the premium received by the Portfolio and the exercise price of the call. The Portfolio also retains the risk of loss, minus the option premium received, should the price of the underlying instrument decline.
Participants in OTC markets are typically not subject to the same credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. OTC option contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC options becomes restricted. The ability of the Portfolio to transact business with any one or a number of counterparties may increase the potential for losses to the Portfolio, due to the lack of any independent evaluation of the counterparties or their financial capabilities, and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement of the options.
Put option spreads involve purchasing put options at a specific strike price while also selling the same number of puts at a lower strike price. By doing so, the Portfolio can lower the net cost of its market hedging activities, since the premiums received from selling put options will offset, in part, the premiums paid to purchase the put options. Although less expensive than buying a standalone put option, buying a put option spread will expose the Portfolio to incremental loss if the value of the applicable instrument at contract expiration is below the exercise price of the put option sold.
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Swaptions. Swaptions are options giving the option owner the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a swap agreement as buyer or seller, or to extend, shorten, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at a future date on specified terms.
Depending on the terms of the particular swaption, the Portfolio generally will incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When the Portfolio purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. When the Portfolio writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option, the Portfolio will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying swap agreement.
Credit Options. Credit options are options whereby the purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a transaction involving either an asset with inherent credit risk or a credit derivative at terms specified at the inception of the option.
Futures Contracts. Futures are standardized, exchange-traded contracts. Futures contracts on securities obligate a purchaser to take delivery, and a seller to make delivery, of a specific amount of the financial instrument called for in the contract at a specified future date at a specified price. An index futures contract obligates the purchaser to take, and a seller to deliver, an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made. It is the practice of holders of futures contracts to close out their positions on or before the expiration date by use of offsetting contract positions, and physical delivery of financial instruments or delivery of cash, as applicable, is thereby avoided. An option on a futures contract gives the holder the right to enter into a specified futures contract.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. A forward foreign currency exchange contract (“currency forward”) involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect against an adverse change in the relationship between currencies or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency.
Certain currency forwards may be individually negotiated and privately traded, exposing them to credit and counterparty risks. The precise matching of the currency forward amounts and the value of the instruments denominated in the corresponding currencies will not generally be possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date on which the contract is entered into and the date it matures. There is additional risk that the use of currency forwards may reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain if the value of the currency should move in the direction opposite to the position taken and that currency forwards may create exposure to currencies in which the Portfolio’s securities are not denominated. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge against long-term currency changes. Currency forwards are subject to the risk of political and economic factors applicable to the countries issuing the underlying currencies. Furthermore, unlike trading in most other types of instruments, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to the foreign currencies underlying currency forwards. As a result, available information may not be complete.
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Some currency forwards may be classified as non-deliverable forwards (“NDFs”). NDFs are cash-settled, forward contracts that may be thinly traded. NDFs are commonly quoted for time periods of one month up to two years, and are normally quoted and settled in U.S. dollars, but may be settled in other currencies. They are often used to gain exposure to or hedge exposure to foreign currencies that are not internationally traded. NDFs may also be used to gain or hedge exposure to gold.
Cross-hedging may be done by using currency forwards in one currency (or basket of currencies) to hedge against fluctuations in the value of instruments denominated in a different currency (or the basket of currencies and the underlying currency). Use of a different foreign currency (for hedging or non-hedging purposes) magnifies exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
Commodity-Linked Notes. Leveraged or unleveraged commodity-linked notes, or “structured notes,” are derivative instruments the interest rate or principal of which is linked to the performance of a commodity index or indices, the value of particular commodities or commodity futures contracts, or a subset of commodities and commodities futures contracts. The terms of the instrument may be “structured” by the purchaser and the borrower issuing the note. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of the commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. Certain issuers of structured notes may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Portfolio’s investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
The value of these structured notes will rise or fall in response to changes in the commodity index or indices, the value of particular commodities or commodity futures contracts, or a subset of commodities and commodities futures contracts. These notes expose the Portfolio to counterparty risk and economic movements in commodity prices. In addition, these notes are often leveraged, increasing the volatility of each note’s market value relative to changes in the commodity index, underlying commodity, or commodity futures contract. The terms of commodity-linked notes may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity. Therefore, at the maturity of the note, the Portfolio may receive more or less principal than it originally invested. The Portfolio might receive interest payments on the note that are more or less than the stated coupon interest amounts.
Equity Swaps. Equity swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of their respective returns as calculated on a notional amount of an equity index (such as the S&P 500® Index), basket of equity securities, or individual equity security.
Interest Rate Swaps. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating-rate payments. Cross-currency swaps are interest rate swaps in which the notional amount upon which the fixed interest rate is accrued is denominated in another currency and the notional amount upon which the floating rate is accrued is denominated in another currency. The notional amounts are typically determined based on the spot exchange rate at the inception of the trade.
Credit Default Swaps. Credit default swap agreements (“CDS”) enable the Portfolio to buy or sell credit protection on an individual issuer or basket of issuers (i.e., the reference instrument). The Portfolio may enter into CDS to gain or short exposure to a reference instrument. Long CDS positions are utilized to gain exposure to a reference instrument (similar to buying the instrument) and are akin to selling insurance on the instrument. Short CDS positions are utilized to short exposure to a reference instrument (similar to shorting the instrument) and are akin to buying insurance on the instrument.
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Under a CDS, the protection “buyer” in a credit default contract is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract, provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference instrument has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the reference instrument in exchange for an equal face amount of the reference instrument described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. If the Portfolio is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Portfolio may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. As a seller, the Portfolio generally receives an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. The Portfolio’s obligations under a CDS will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Portfolio).
In response to market events, federal and certain state regulators have proposed regulation of the CDS market. These regulations may limit the Portfolio’s ability to use CDS and/or the benefits of CDS. CDS may be difficult to value and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty). The Portfolio may have difficulty, be unable or may incur additional costs to acquire any securities or instruments it is required to deliver under a CDS. The Portfolio may have limited ability to eliminate its exposure under a CDS either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement. The Portfolio also may have limited ability to eliminate its exposure under a CDS if the reference instrument has declined in value.
Inflation Swaps. Inflation swaps involve the exchange by the Portfolio with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest. This can involve an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments based on a reference index (an inflation index, such as the Consumer Price Index) or an exchange of floating rate payments based on two different reference indices where one of the reference indices is an inflation index. Inflation swaps can be designated as zero coupon, where both sides of the swap compound interest over the life of the swap and then the accrued interest is paid in a lump sum at the swap’s maturity.
Total Return Swaps. A total return swap is a contract in which one party agrees to make periodic payments to another party based on the change in market value of a reference instrument during the specified period, in return for periodic payments from the other party that are based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return of the reference instrument or another reference instrument. Total return swap agreements may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market.
Equity-Linked Securities. Equity-linked securities are primarily used as an alternative means to more efficiently and effectively access the securities markets of emerging market countries and may also be known as participation notes, equity swaps, and zero strike calls and warrants. Equity-linked securities are privately issued securities whose investment results are designed to correspond generally to the performance of a specified stock index or “basket” of stocks, or sometimes a single stock. The Portfolio deposits an amount of cash with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) in an amount near or equal to the selling price of the underlying security in exchange for an equity-linked security. Upon sale, the Portfolio receives cash from the broker or custodian equal to the current value of the underlying security. In addition to the risks of the underlying security, there is the risk that the issuer of an equity-linked security may default on its obligation under the security.
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In addition, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will be able to close out such a transaction with the other party or obtain an offsetting position with any other party, at any time prior to the end of the term of the underlying agreement. This may impair the Portfolio’s ability to enter into other transactions at a time when doing so might be advantageous.
Credit Linked Notes. The Portfolio may engage in credit linked notes. A credit linked note (“CLN”) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “note issuer”) with respect to which the reference instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “reference credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “note purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the reference credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the note purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the note issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “credit event”) with respect to the issuer of the reference credit; or (ii) the market value of the reference credit, if a credit event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the note purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the reference credit in the event of a credit event. Most CLNs use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the reference credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the reference credit.
Forward Rate Agreements. Under a forward rate agreement, the Portfolio locks in an interest rate at a future settlement date. If the interest rate on the settlement date exceeds the lock rate, the Portfolio pays the seller the difference between the two rates. If the lock rate exceeds the interest rate on the settlement date, the seller pays the Portfolio the difference between the two rates. Any such gain received by the Portfolio would be taxable. These instruments are traded in the OTC market.
Counterparty Risk. A financial institution or other counterparty with whom the Portfolio does business (such as trading, securities lending or as a derivatives counterparty), or that underwrites, distributes or guarantees any instruments that the Portfolio owns or is otherwise exposed to, may decline in financial condition and become unable to honor its commitments. This could cause the value of Portfolio shares to decline or could delay the return or delivery of collateral or other assets to the Portfolio. Counterparty risk is increased for contracts with longer maturities.
Mortgage-Backed Securities (“MBS”). MBS represent participation interests in pools of adjustable and fixed-rate mortgage loans. MBS may be issued by the U.S. Government (or one of its agencies or instrumentalities) or privately issued but collateralized by mortgages that are insured, guaranteed or otherwise backed by the U.S. Government, or its agencies or instrumentalities. Adjustable rate mortgages are mortgages whose interest rates are periodically reset when market rates change. Unlike conventional debt obligations, MBS provide monthly payments derived from the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans. Unless other specified in the strategy, the Portfolio may invest in various levels of the capital structure of an issuer of mortgage-backed securities, including the equity or “first loss” tranche.
MBS include classes of collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”), including fixed- or floating-rate tranches, real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) and various other MBS. In choosing among CMO classes, the investment adviser will evaluate the total income potential of each class and other factors.
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MBS issued by non-government entities are subject to the risks that the underlying mortgage borrowers fail to make timely payments of interest and principal and that any guarantee or other structural feature, if present, is insufficient to enable the timely payment of interest and principal on the MBS. Although certain MBS are guaranteed as to timely payment of interest and principal by a government-sponsored entity, the market price for such securities is not guaranteed and will fluctuate.
The mortgage loans underlying MBS are generally subject to a greater rate of principal prepayments in a declining interest rate environment and to a lesser rate of principal prepayments in an increasing interest rate environment, although investment in seasoned MBS can mitigate this risk. Under certain interest and prepayment rate scenarios, the Portfolio may fail to recover the full amount of its investment in MBS, notwithstanding any direct or indirect governmental or agency guarantee. Because faster than expected prepayments must usually be invested in lower yielding securities, MBS are less effective than conventional bonds in “locking in” a specified interest rate. For premium bonds, the risk of prepayment may be enhanced. In a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the average life of many MBS. This possibility is often referred to as extension risk. Extending the average life of a mortgage-backed security increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. MBS that are purchased at a premium generate current income that exceeds market rates for comparable investments, but tend to decrease in value as they mature.
CMOs are subject to the same types of risks affecting MBS as described above. CMOs with complex or highly variable prepayment terms generally entail greater market and liquidity risks than other MBS. For example, their prices are more volatile and their trading market may be more limited. The structure of certain CMO interests held by the Portfolio may cause the Portfolio to be paid interest and/or principal on its investment only after holders of other interests in that particular CMO have received the full repayment of principal or interest on their investments.
Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in a pool of assets other than mortgages, such as home equity loans, automobile receivables , credit card receivables or litigation finance loans. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income asset (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates. A structured asset-backed security is a multiclass instrument that is typically backed by a pool of auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans or student loans. Unless otherwise specified in the strategy, the Portfolio may invest in various levels of the capital structure of an issuer of asset-backed securities, including the equity or “first loss” tranche.
Unscheduled prepayments of asset-backed securities may result in a loss of income if the proceeds are invested in lower-yielding securities. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the average life of many asset-backed securities, which increases the risk of depreciation due to future increases in market interest rates. In addition, issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements (if any) may be inadequate in the event of default. Asset-backed securities may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under U.S. federal and state law. The value of asset-backed securities may be affected by the factors described above and other factors, such as interest rate risk, the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets or the entities providing credit enhancements and the ability of the servicer to service the underlying collateral. The value of asset-backed securities representing interests in a pool of utilities receivables may be adversely affected by changes in government regulations. Under certain market conditions, asset-backed securities may be less liquid and may be difficult to value. If a structured asset-backed security is subordinated to other classes backed by the same pool of collateral, the likelihood that it will make payments of principal may be substantially limited.
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Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property, such as loans for hotels, shopping centers, office buildings and apartment buildings. Generally, the interest and principal payments on these loans are passed on to investors in CMBS according to a schedule of payments.
CMBS are subject to the risks described under “Asset-Backed Securities” above. CMBS also are subject to many of the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans and are therefore different from the risks of other types of mortgage-backed securities. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. CMBS may be less liquid and exhibit a greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities. The Portfolio’s direct and indirect investments in CMBS will not exceed 25% of its net assets. For the purposes of the Portfolio’s industry concentration policy, CMBS will be categorized based on the underlying assets of the CMBS (retail, office, warehouse, multifamily, defeased collateral, etc.).
The commercial mortgage loans that underlie CMBS have certain distinct risk characteristics. Commercial mortgage loans generally lack standardized terms, which may complicate their structure, tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans and may not be fully amortizing. Commercial properties themselves tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than single-family residential properties. In addition, commercial properties, particularly industrial and warehouse properties, are subject to environmental risks and the burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. The values of, and income generated by, CMBS may be adversely affected by changing interest rates and other developments impacting the commercial real estate market, such as population shifts and other demographic changes, increasing vacancies (potentially for extended periods) and reduced demand for commercial and office space, maintenance or tenant improvement costs, and costs to convert properties for other uses. These developments could result from, among other things, changing tastes and preferences (such as remote work arrangements) as well as cultural, technological, global or local economic and market developments. In addition, changing interest rate environments and associated changes in lending standards and higher refinancing rates may adversely affect commercial real estate and CMBS markets. The occurrence of any of the foregoing or similar developments would likely increase default risk for the properties and loans underlying these investments as well as impact the value of, and income generated by, these investments. These developments could also result in reduced liquidity for CMBS.
The Portfolio may invest in risk retention tranches of CMBS or other eligible securitizations (“risk retention tranches”), which are eligible residual interests typically held by the sponsors of such securitizations pursuant to the final rules implementing the credit risk retention requirements of Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “U.S. Risk Retention Rules”). The risk retention tranche is the most subordinate, "first-loss" tranche of a CMBS, meaning that investors are the first to suffer losses if defaults occur in the underlying mortgage pool. In the case of CMBS transactions, the U.S. Risk Retention Rules generally permit all or a portion of the retained credit risk associated with certain securitizations (i.e., retained risk) to be held by an unaffiliated “third party purchaser,” such as the Portfolio, if, among other requirements, the third-party purchaser holds its retained interest, unhedged, for at least five years following the closing of the CMBS transaction, after which it is entitled to transfer its interest in the securitization only to another person that meets the requirements for a third-party purchaser. Even after the required holding period has expired, due to the generally illiquid nature of such investments, no assurance can be given as to what, if any, exit strategies will ultimately be available for any given position. In addition, the U.S. Risk Retention Rules impose additional restrictions and responsibilities on the holders of the risk retention tranches, including restrictions on changes in ownership and corporate structure, and responsibilities for special servicing and decision-making during defaults.
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Stripped Securities. Stripped Securities (“Strips”) are usually structured with classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from an underlying asset or pool of assets. Some structures may have a class that receives only interest from the underlying assets, interest-only (“IO”) class, while another class may receive only principal, principal-only (“PO”) class. IO and PO Strips may be purchased for their return and/or hedging characteristics. Because of their structure, IO Strips may move differently than typical fixed-income securities in relation to changes in interest rates. In addition to Strips issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, Strips may also be issued by private originators or investors, including depository institutions, banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of these entities.
Strips are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates because these changes may impact the frequency of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying assets or pool of underlying assets. While the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities may guarantee the full repayment of principal on Strips they issue, repayment of interest is guaranteed only while the underlying assets or pools of assets are outstanding. IO Strips tend to decrease in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and increase in value if prepayments are less than anticipated. Conversely, PO Strips tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are less than anticipated. To the extent the Portfolio invests in Strips, rapid changes in the rate of prepayments may have a measurably adverse effect on the Portfolio’s performance. In addition, the secondary market for Strips may be less liquid than that for other securities.
Loans. Loans may be primary, direct investments or investments in loan assignments or participation interests. A loan assignment represents a portion or the entirety of a loan and a portion or the entirety of a position previously attributable to a different lender. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations under the loan agreement and has the same rights and obligations as the assigning investor. However, assignments through private negotiations may cause the purchaser of an assignment to have different and more limited rights than those held by the assigning investor. Loan participation interests are interests issued by a lender or other entity and represent a fractional interest in a loan. The Portfolio typically will have a contractual relationship only with the financial institution that issued the participation interest. As a result, the Portfolio may have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the financial institution and only upon receipt by such entity of such payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing a participation interest, the Portfolio generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights with respect to any funds acquired by other investors through set-off against the borrower and the Portfolio may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation interest. As a result, the Portfolio may assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the financial institution issuing the participation interest. In the event of the insolvency of the entity issuing a participation interest, the Portfolio may be treated as a general creditor of such entity. Most loans are rated below investment grade or, if unrated, are of similar credit quality.
Loan investments may be made at par or at a discount or premium to par. The interest payable on a loan may be fixed or floating rate, and paid in cash or in-kind. In connection with transactions in loans, the Portfolio may be subject to facility or other fees. Loans may be secured by specific collateral or other assets of the borrower, guaranteed by a third party, unsecured or subordinated. During the term of a loan, the value of any collateral securing the loan may decline in value, causing the loan to be under collateralized. Collateral may consist of assets that may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets would satisfy fully a borrower’s obligations under the loan. In addition, if a loan is foreclosed, the Portfolio could become part owner of the collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of such collateral.
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Certain loans (“senior loans”) hold a senior position in the capital structure of a business entity, are typically secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the borrower that is senior to that held by subordinated debtholders and stockholders of the borrower. Junior loans may be secured or unsecured subordinated loans, second lien loans and subordinated bridge loans. Floating-rate loans typically have rates of interest which are re-determined daily, monthly, quarterly or semi-annually by reference to a base lending rate, plus a premium.
A lender’s repayment and other rights primarily are determined by governing loan, assignment or participation documents, which (among other things) typically establish the priority of payment on the loan relative to other indebtedness and obligations of the borrower. A borrower typically is required to comply with certain covenants contained in a loan agreement between the borrower and the holders of the loan. The types of covenants included in loan agreements generally vary depending on market conditions, the creditworthiness of the issuer, and the nature of the collateral securing the loan. Loans with fewer covenants that restrict activities of the borrower may provide the borrower with more flexibility to take actions that may be detrimental to the loan holders and provide fewer investor protections in the event covenants are breached. The Portfolio may experience relatively greater realized or unrealized losses or delays and expense in enforcing its rights with respect to loans with fewer restrictive covenants. Loans to entities located outside of the U.S. (including loans to sovereign entities) may have substantially different lender protections and covenants as compared to loans to U.S. entities and may involve greater risks. In the event of bankruptcy, applicable law may impact a lender’s ability to enforce its rights. Bankruptcy laws in foreign jurisdictions, including emerging markets, may differ significantly from U.S. bankruptcy law and the Portfolio’s rights with respect to a loan governed by the laws of a foreign jurisdiction may be more limited. Sovereign entities may be unable or unwilling to meet their obligations under a loan due to budgetary limitations or economic or political changes within the country.
Loans may be originated by a lending agent, such as a financial institution or other entity, on behalf of a group or “syndicate” of loan investors (the “Loan Investors”). In such a case, the agent administers the terms of the loan agreement and is responsible for the collection of principal, and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the Loan Investors. Failure by the agent to fulfill its obligations may delay or adversely affect receipt of payment by the Portfolio. Furthermore, unless under the terms of a loan agreement or participation (as applicable) the Portfolio has direct recourse against the borrower, the Portfolio must rely on the agent and the other Loan Investors to pursue appropriate remedies against the borrower.
Private debt may be across all types of instruments and asset classes. Loans to private companies are typically illiquid and may be difficult to value. These loans can range in credit quality depending on security-specific factors, including total leverage, amount of leverage senior to the security in question, variability in the issuer’s cash flows, the size of the issuer, the quality of assets securing debt, and the degree to which such assets cover the subject company’s debt obligations. Private debt investments may be rated below investment grade or, if unrated, deemed to be of equivalent quality.
Although the overall size and number of participants in the market for many loans has grown over the past decade, such loans continue to trade in a private, unregulated inter-dealer or inter-bank secondary market and the amount of available public information about loans may be less extensive than that available for registered or exchange listed securities. With limited exceptions, the investment adviser will take steps intended to ensure that it does not receive material nonpublic information about the issuers of loans that also issue publicly traded securities. Therefore, the investment adviser may have less information than other investors about certain of the loans in which it seeks to invest. Purchases and sales of loans are generally subject to contractual restrictions that must be satisfied before a loan can be bought or sold. These restrictions may (i) impede the Portfolio’s ability to buy or sell loans, (ii) negatively impact the transaction price, (iii) impact the counterparty and/or credit risks borne by the Portfolio, (iv) impede the Portfolio’s ability to
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timely vote or otherwise act with respect to loans, (v) expose the Portfolio to adverse tax or regulatory consequences and/or (vi) result in delayed settlement of loan transactions. It may take longer than seven days for a transaction in loans to settle, which may impact the Portfolio’s process for meeting redemptions. See “Liquidity Risk.” This is partly due to the nature or manner in which loans trade and the contractual restrictions noted above, which require a written assignment agreement and various ancillary documents for each transfer, and frequently require discretionary consents from both the borrower and the administrative agent. In light of the foregoing, the Portfolio may hold cash, sell investments or temporarily borrow to meet its cash needs, including satisfying redemption requests.
Assignments of loans through private negotiations may cause the purchaser of an assignment to have different and more limited rights than those held by the assigning investor. In connection with purchasing a participation interest, the Portfolio generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement. In the event the borrower defaults, the Portfolio may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the loan (if any) in which it has purchased the participation interest. As a result, the Portfolio may assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the financial institution issuing the participation interest.
No active trading market may exist for certain loans, which may impair the ability of the Portfolio to realize full value in the event of the need to sell a loan and which may make it difficult to value the loan. To the extent that a secondary market does exist for certain loans, the market may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. In addition to the risks generally associated with debt instruments, such as credit, market, interest rate and liquidity risks, loans are also subject to the risk that the value of any collateral securing a loan may decline, be insufficient to meet the obligations of the borrower or be difficult to liquidate. The specific collateral used to secure a loan may decline in value or become illiquid, which would adversely affect the loan’s value. The Portfolio’s access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy, other insolvency laws or by the type of loan the Portfolio has purchased. For example, if the Portfolio purchases a participation instead of an assignment, it would not have direct access to collateral of the borrower. As a result, a floating-rate loan may not be fully collateralized and can decline significantly in value. Additionally, collateral on loan instruments may not be readily liquidated, and there is no assurance that the liquidation of such assets will satisfy a borrower’s obligations under the investment.
Loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could subordinate a loan to presently existing or future indebtedness of the borrower, or take other action detrimental to the holders of a loan including, in certain circumstances, invalidating a loan or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower. Any such actions by a court could negatively affect the Portfolio’s performance. Loans that are secured and senior to other debtholders of a borrower tend to have more favorable loss recovery rates as compared to more junior types of below investment grade debt obligations. Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure and, in some cases, their unsecured status, junior loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower.
Investing in loans involves the risk of default by the borrower or other party obligated to repay the loan. In the event of insolvency of the borrower or other obligated party, the Portfolio may be treated as a general creditor of such entity unless it has rights that are senior to that of other creditors or secured by specific collateral or assets of the borrower. Fixed rate loans are also subject to the risk that their value will decline in a rising interest rate environment. This risk is mitigated for floating-rate loans, where the interest rate payable on the loan resets periodically by reference to a base lending rate.
U.S. federal securities laws afford certain protections against fraud and misrepresentation in connection with the offering or sale of a security, as well as against manipulation of trading markets for securities. The typical practice of a lender in relying exclusively or primarily on reports from the borrower may involve the risk of fraud, misrepresentation, or market manipulation by the borrower. It is unclear whether U.S. federal securities law protections are available to an investment
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in a loan. In certain circumstances, loans may not be deemed to be securities, and in the event of fraud or misrepresentation by a borrower, lenders may not have the protection of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws. However, contractual provisions in the loan documents may offer some protections, and lenders may also avail themselves of common-law fraud protections under applicable state law.
Convertible Securities. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred security, or other security that entitles the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued or dividends paid until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities.
Holders of convertible securities generally have a claim on the assets of the issuer prior to the common stockholders but may be subordinated to other debt securities of the same issuer. Certain convertible debt securities may provide a put option to the holder, which entitles the holder to cause the securities to be redeemed by the issuer at a premium over the stated principal amount of the debt securities under certain circumstances. Certain convertible securities may include loss absorption characteristics that make the securities more debt-like. This is particularly true of convertible securities issued by companies in the financial services sector. The value of a convertible security may be influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Hybrid Securities. Hybrid securities generally possess certain characteristics of both equity and debt securities. These securities may at times behave more like equity than debt, or vice versa. Preferred stocks, convertible securities, trust preferred securities and certain debt obligations are types of hybrid securities. The investment adviser has sole discretion to determine whether an investment has hybrid characteristics and generally will consider the instrument’s preference over the issuer’s common shares, the term of the instrument at the time of issuance, and/or the tax character of the instrument’s distributions. Hybrid securities generally do not have voting rights or have limited voting rights. Hybrid securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. Hybrid securities may pay a fixed or variable rate of interest or dividends. The prices and yields of nonconvertible hybrid securities generally move with changes in interest rates and the issuer’s credit quality, similar to the factors affecting debt securities. If the issuer of a hybrid security experiences financial difficulties, the value of such security may be adversely affected similar to the issuer’s outstanding common stock or subordinated debt instruments.
Because hybrid securities have both debt and equity characteristics, their values vary in response to many factors, including issuer-specific events, credit spreads and, for convertible securities, factors affecting the securities into which they convert. Trust preferred securities are issued by a special purpose trust that holds the subordinated debt of a company and, as such, are subject to the risks associated with such debt obligation.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock is a class of equity security that pays a specified dividend that typically must be paid before any dividends can be paid to common stockholders and takes precedence over common stock in the event of the issuer’s liquidation. Although preferred stocks represent an ownership interest in an issuer, preferred stocks generally do not have voting rights or have limited voting rights and have economic characteristics similar to fixed-income securities. Preferred stocks generally are issued with a fixed par value and pay dividends based on a percentage of that par value at a fixed or variable rate. Dividend payments on preferred stocks may be subordinate to interest payments on the issuer’s debt obligations. Certain preferred stocks may be convertible to common stock. Additionally, preferred stocks often have a liquidation value that generally equals the original purchase price of the preferred stock at the date of issuance.
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Preferred stocks are subject to issuer-specific and market risks generally applicable to equity securities and credit and interest rate risks generally applicable to fixed-income securities. The value of preferred stock may react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred stocks are considered an equity security.
Short Sales. The Portfolio may engage in short sales on securities or a basket or index of securities. A short sale on an individual security typically involves the sale of a security that is borrowed from a broker or other institution to complete the sale. The seller of a short position generally realizes a profit from the transaction if the proceeds it receives on the short sale exceed the cost of purchasing the securities sold short in the market, but will generally realize a loss if the cost of closing the short position exceeds the proceeds from the short sale. The Portfolio pays interest or dividend expense with respect to securities sold short.
If the Portfolio does not own the securities sold short, the short sale exposes the Portfolio to the risk that it will be required to purchase securities to replace the borrowed securities (also known as “covering” the short position) at a time when the securities sold short have appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss. There is no assurance that a security sold short will decline in value or make a profit for the Portfolio. In addition, there is no guarantee that any security needed to cover the short position will be available for purchase. Short selling carries a risk that the counterparty to the short sale may fail to honor its contract terms, causing a loss to the Portfolio. Further, if other short positions of the same security are closed out at the same time, a “short squeeze” can occur where demand exceeds the supply for the security sold short. A short squeeze makes it more likely that the Portfolio will need to replace the borrowed security at an unfavorable price. If the Portfolio invests the proceeds received for selling securities short in other investments, the Portfolio is employing a form of leverage.
Smaller Companies. Securities of smaller companies, which may include legally restricted securities, are generally subject to greater price fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk than the securities of larger, more established companies. Such companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, may be dependent on a limited management group, and may lack substantial capital reserves or an established performance record. There may be generally less publicly available information about such companies than for larger, more established companies. Because of the absence of any public trading market for some of these investments (such as those which are legally restricted) it may be more difficult to value these investments and may take longer to liquidate these positions at fair value than would be the case for publicly traded securities.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is the purchase by the Portfolio of securities from a counterparty in exchange for cash that is coupled with an agreement to resell those securities to the counterparty at a specified date and price. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days that the investment adviser believes may not be terminated within seven days at approximately the amount at which the Portfolio has valued the agreements are considered illiquid securities. When a repurchase agreement is entered into, the Portfolio typically receives securities with a value that equals or exceeds the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the agreement. The value of such securities will be marked to market daily, and cash or additional securities will be exchanged between the parties as needed. Except in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into to settle a short sale, the value of the securities delivered to the Portfolio will be at least equal to 90% of such repurchase price during the term of the repurchase agreement. The terms of a repurchase agreement entered into to settle a short sale may provide that the cash purchase price paid by the Portfolio is more than the value of purchased securities that effectively collateralize the repurchase price payable by the counterparty.
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In the event of the insolvency of the counterparty to a repurchase agreement, recovery of the repurchase price owed to the Portfolio may be delayed. In a repurchase agreement, such an insolvency may result in a loss to the extent that the value of the purchased securities decreases during the delay or that value has otherwise not been maintained at an amount equal to the repurchase price. Repurchase agreements may create leverage in the Portfolio.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Portfolio may enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Portfolio transfers possession of a security to a counterparty, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash. At the same time, the Portfolio agrees to repurchase the security at an agreed upon time and price, which reflects an interest payment. The Portfolio may enter into such agreements when it believes it is able to invest the cash acquired at a rate higher than the cost of the agreement, which would increase the Portfolio’s earned income. The Portfolio may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements as a means of raising cash to satisfy redemption requests without the necessity of selling portfolio holdings.
In the event of the insolvency of the counterparty to a reverse repurchase agreement, recovery of the securities sold by the Portfolio may be delayed. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the counterparty’s insolvency may result in a loss equal to the amount by which the value of the securities sold by the Portfolio exceeds the repurchase price payable by the Portfolio. When the Portfolio enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, any fluctuations in the market value of either the securities sold to the counterparty or the securities which the Portfolio purchases with the proceeds under the agreement would affect the value of the Portfolio’s assets. As a result, such agreements may increase fluctuations in the net asset value of the Portfolio’s shares. Reverse repurchase agreements , which are economically equivalent to secured borrowings, create leverage for the Portfolio.
Duration. Duration measures a fixed-income security’s price sensitivity to changes in the general level of interest rates. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a security’s coupon payments in addition to the amount of time until the security matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Various techniques may be used to shorten or lengthen Portfolio duration.
Leverage Risk. Certain Portfolio transactions may give rise to leverage. Leverage can result from a non-cash exposure to an asset, index, rate, or underlying reference instrument. Leverage can increase both the risk and return potential of the Portfolio. The use of leverage may cause the Portfolio to maintain liquid assets or liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations. Leverage may cause the Portfolio’s net asset value to be more volatile than if it had not been leveraged, as certain types of leverage may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolio’s portfolio securities. The loss on leveraged investments may substantially exceed the initial investment.
If the income from the securities purchased with funds received from leverage is not sufficient to cover the cost of leverage, the return to the Portfolio will be less than if leverage had not been used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to the Portfolio’s shareholders as dividends and other distributions will be reduced. In the latter case, the investment adviser in its best judgment may nevertheless determine to maintain the Portfolio’s leveraged position if it deems such action to be appropriate.
Liquidity Risk. The Portfolio is exposed to liquidity risk when trading volume, lack of a market maker, or legal restrictions impair the Portfolio’s ability to sell particular investments or close derivative positions at an advantageous market price. Trading opportunities are also more limited for securities and other instruments that are not widely held or are traded in less developed markets. These factors may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Portfolio may have to accept a lower price to sell an investment or continue to hold it or keep the position open, sell other investments to raise cash or abandon an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Portfolio’s performance. It also may be more difficult to value less liquid investments. These effects may be exacerbated during times of financial or political stress. Increased Portfolio redemption activity also may increase liquidity risk due to the need of the Portfolio to sell portfolio investments and may negatively impact Portfolio performance.
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The Portfolio will not acquire any illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Portfolio will have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. Illiquid investments mean any investments that the Portfolio’s investment adviser and/or sub-adviser, as applicable, reasonably expect cannot be sold or disposed of in seven calendar days or less under then-current market conditions without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.
Restricted Securities. Securities held by the Portfolio may be legally restricted as to resale (such as those issued in private placements), including commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A thereunder, and securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers initially offered and sold outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S thereunder. Restricted securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. The Portfolio may incur additional expense when disposing of restricted securities, including all or a portion of the cost to register the securities. The Portfolio also may acquire securities through private placements under which it may agree to contractual restrictions on the resale of such securities that are in addition to applicable legal restrictions. In addition, if the investment adviser and/or sub-adviser, if applicable, receives non-public information about the issuer, the Portfolio may as a result be unable to sell the securities.
Restricted securities may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater risks than securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. It may be difficult to sell restricted securities at a price representing fair value until such time as the securities may be sold publicly. Under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Portfolio could find it more difficult to sell such securities when the investment adviser and/or sub-adviser, if applicable, believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell such securities only at prices lower than if such securities were more widely held. Holdings of restricted securities may increase the level of Portfolio illiquidity if eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing them. Restricted securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk, which may result in substantial losses.
Municipal Obligations. Municipal obligations include general obligation bonds, notes, floating-rate notes and commercial paper issued by municipalities and agencies and authorities established by those municipalities. Municipal debt may be used for a wide variety of public and private purposes, and the interest thereon may or may not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Municipal obligations also include municipal lease obligations and certificates of participation in municipal leases. A municipal lease obligation is a bond that is secured by lease payments made by the party, typically a state or municipality, leasing the facilities (e.g., schools or office buildings) that were financed by the bond. Such lease payments may be subject to annual appropriation or may be made only from revenues associated with the facility financed. In other cases, the leasing state or municipality is obligated to appropriate funds from its general tax revenues to make lease payments as long as it utilizes the leased property. A certificate of participation (also referred to as a “participation”) in a municipal lease is an instrument evidencing a pro rata share in a specific pledged revenue stream, usually lease payments by the issuer that are typically subject to annual appropriation. The certificate generally entitles the holder to receive a share, or participation, in the payments from a particular project.
Certain municipal obligations may be purchased on a “when-issued” basis, which means that payment and delivery occur on a future settlement date. The price and yield of such securities are generally fixed on the date of commitment to purchase.
The Portfolio may invest in zero coupon bonds, which do not make cash interest payments during a portion or all of the life of the bond. Instead, such bonds are sold at a deep discount to face value, and the interest consists of the gradual appreciation in price as the bond approaches maturity. Zero coupon bonds can be an attractive financing method for issuers with near-term cash-flow problems or seeking to preserve liquidity. Principal only investments entitle the Portfolio to
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receive the stated value of such investment when held to maturity. The values of zero coupon bonds and principal only investments are subject to greater fluctuation in response to changes in market interest rates than municipal obligations that pay interest currently. The Portfolio is required to distribute to shareholders income imputed to any zero coupon bonds or principal only investments even though such income may not be received by the Portfolio as distributable cash. Such distributions could reduce the Portfolio’s reserve position and require it to sell securities and incur a gain or loss at a time it may not otherwise want to in order to provide the cash necessary for these distributions.
Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including the construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, water and sewer systems and a variety of other public purposes. The basic security of general obligation bonds is the issuer’s pledge of its faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to rate and amount. General obligation bonds issued by municipalities can be adversely affected by economic downturns and the resulting decline in tax revenues, pension funding risk, other post-employment benefit risk, budget imbalances, taxing ability risk, lack of political willpower and federal funding risk, among others. Revenue bonds can be adversely affected by the negative economic viability of the facility or revenue source. Many municipal obligations permit the issuer at its option to “call”, or redeem, its securities. As such, the effective maturity of an obligation may be reduced as the result of call provisions and, if an investment is called in a declining interest rate environment, the proceeds from the called bond may have to be reinvested at a lower interest rate. The effective maturity of an obligation is its likely redemption date after consideration of any call or redemption features.
In addition, because some municipal obligations may be secured or guaranteed by banks and other institutions, the risk to the Portfolio associated with investments in such municipal securities could increase if the banking or financial sector suffers an economic downturn and/or if the credit ratings of the institutions issuing the guarantee are downgraded or at risk of being downgraded by a national rating organization. If such events occur, the value of the security could decrease or the value could be lost entirely, and it may be difficult or impossible for the Portfolio to sell the security at the time and the price that normally prevails in the market.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds. Inflation-indexed bonds (other than municipal inflation-indexed bonds and certain corporate inflation-indexed bonds) are fixed-income securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. The principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond is adjusted in response to changes in the level of inflation. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, and therefore, the principal amount of such bonds cannot be reduced below par even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of these bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate, reflecting the risk of changes in their yields. In certain jurisdictions outside the United States, the repayment of the original bond principal upon the maturity of an inflation-indexed bond is not guaranteed, allowing for the amount of the bond repaid at maturity to be less than par. The interest rate for inflation-indexed bonds is fixed at issuance as a percentage of this adjustable principal. Accordingly, the actual interest income may both rise and fall as the principal amount of the bonds adjusts in response to movements in the Consumer Price Index, a measure of inflation.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates (i.e. the rate of interest after allowing for inflation). If the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds (other than municipal inflation-indexed bonds and certain corporate inflation-indexed bonds) will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds. For bonds that do not provide a similar guarantee, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity
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may be less than the original principal. While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
Event-Linked Instruments. The Portfolio may obtain event-linked exposure by investing in or gaining exposure to event-linked instruments, including event-linked bonds, event-linked swaps, or other event-linked instruments ( including reinsurance trusts, segregated accounts, and sidecars). The return of principal and the payment of interest on event-linked instruments are contingent on, or formulaically related to, the non-occurrence of a pre-defined “trigger” event. For some event-linked instruments, the trigger event’s magnitude may be based on losses to a company or industry, industry indexes or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Examples of trigger events include hurricanes, earthquakes, weather-related phenomena, or statistics relating to such events. Some event-linked instruments are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” Event-linked instruments involve significant uncertainties and major risk exposures to adverse events. The Portfolio is entitled to receive principal and interest payments so long as no trigger event occurs as specified by the instrument. Event-linked instruments may be issued by government agencies, insurance companies, reinsurers, special purpose corporations or other on-shore or off-shore entities, and may be denominated in foreign currencies. Because event-linked instruments typically cover “catastrophic” events that, if they occur, will result in significant losses, they carry a high degree of risk of loss. Event-linked instruments are often rated below investment grade or, if unrated, deemed to be of equivalent quality.
If a trigger event occurs, the Portfolio may lose all or a portion of its investment in an event-linked instrument or the notional amount of an event-linked swap. Such losses may be substantial. Event-linked instruments generally provide for extensions of maturity in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase the instrument’s volatility and potentially make it more difficult to value. In addition, valuation of event-linked instruments is subject to the added uncertainty caused by the inability to generally predict whether, when or where a natural disaster or other triggering event will occur. Event-linked instruments also may expose the Portfolio to issuer, credit, counterparty, restricted securities, liquidity and valuation risks as well as exposures to specific geographic areas adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, and adverse tax consequences.
Commodities-Related Investments. Commodity-related investments include, but are not limited to, commodities contracts, commodity futures or options thereon (investments in contracts for the future purchase or sale of commodities); commodity exchange-traded funds (exchange-traded funds that track the price of a single commodity, such as gold or oil, or a basket of commodities); commodity exchange traded notes (non-interest paying debt instruments whose price fluctuates (by contractual commitment) with an underlying commodities index); total return swaps based on a commodity index (permitting one party to receive/pay the total return on a commodity index against payment/receipt of an agreed upon spread/interest rate); commodity-linked notes (providing a return based on a formula referenced to a commodity index); sovereign issued oil warrants (a sovereign obligation the coupon on which is contingent on the price of oil); precious metals; and any other commodities-related investment permitted by law. Commodities-related investments may be used to gain exposure to a particular type of commodity, basket of commodities, commodity market or commodity index, or to hedge such exposures or a position in a commodity producing country.
The risks associated with investing in commodities include regulatory, health, economic and political developments, weather events and natural disasters, pestilence, market disruptions and the fact that commodity prices may have greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The prices of energy, industrial metals, precious metals, agriculture, and livestock sector commodities may fluctuate widely due to factors such as changes in value, supply and demand and governmental regulatory policies. The metals sector can be affected by sharp price
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volatility over short periods caused by global economic, financial and political factors, resource availability, government regulation, economic cycles, changes in inflation or expectations about inflation, interest rates, currency fluctuations, metal sales by governments, central banks or international agencies, investment speculation and fluctuation in supply and demand. Commodity-related investments are often offered by companies in the financial services sector, including the banking, brokerage, and insurance sectors. As a result, events affecting issuers in the financial services sector may cause the Portfolio’s share value to fluctuate. Although investments in commodities typically move in different directions than traditional equity and fixed-income securities, when the value of those traditional securities is declining due to adverse economic conditions, there is no guarantee that these investments will perform differently, and at certain times the price movements of commodity-related investments have been parallel to those of equity and fixed-income securities.
Subsidiary Investments. Eaton Vance GOP Commodity Subsidiary, Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”) is permitted to invest in commodity-related investments as well as other permitted securities. The Subsidiary is not subject to U.S. laws, including securities laws and their protections. The Subsidiary is subject to the laws of the Cayman Islands, which can be affected by developments in that country. The Subsidiary is operated in accordance with the investment restrictions applicable to the investment companies registered under U.S. federal securities laws, but is not subject to the same provisions of the Code as is the Portfolio. For tax purposes, all income or net capital gain from the Subsidiary is treated as ordinary income to the Portfolio.
The Portfolio may be exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. Because the Subsidiary is not registered under U.S. federal securities laws, it may not be able to negotiate terms with its counterparties that are equivalent to those a registered fund may negotiate. As a result, the Subsidiary may have greater exposure to those counterparties than a registered fund. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands could result in the inability of the Subsidiary to operate as described in the Portfolio’s Prospectus and SAI, and could adversely affect the Portfolio’s investment approach.
In order for the Portfolio to satisfy tax requirements applicable to regulated investment companies, the Portfolio must derive at least 90 percent of its gross income each taxable year from certain qualifying sources of income. Commodity-related investments generally generate income that is not from a qualified source for purposes of meeting this 90 percent test. The rules regarding the extent to which income, if any, realized by a wholly owned non-U.S. subsidiary (such as the Subsidiary) of the Portfolio and included in the Portfolio’s annual income for U.S. federal income purposes, but that is not timely and currently repatriated to the Portfolio, will constitute qualifying income are unclear and currently under consideration. Based on advice from tax counsel, the Portfolio intends to take the position that income from its investments in the Subsidiary will constitute qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as a regulated investment company. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) has issued proposed regulations providing that income earned by non-U.S. wholly owned subsidiaries of a regulated investment company and included in such regulated investment company’s gross income constitutes qualifying income only to the extent such income is timely and currently repatriated to the regulated investment company. If the proposed regulations were finalized in their current form, annual net profit, if any, realized by the Subsidiary and included in the income of the Portfolio would constitute qualifying income only to the extent it is timely and currently repatriated to the Portfolio. Should the IRS make a determination, issue guidance, or take other action that adversely affects the tax treatment of investing in the Subsidiary, it could limit the Portfolio’s ability to invest in commodity-related
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investments, the Portfolio may incur transaction and other costs to comply with any new or additional guidance from the IRS, and such action could bear adversely on the Portfolio’s ability to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company. The tax treatment of commodity-related investments and income from the Subsidiary may be adversely affected by future legislation, Treasury Regulations and/or guidance issued by the IRS that could affect the character, timing and/or amount of the Portfolio’s taxable income or any gains and distributions made by the Portfolio.
U.S. Treasury and Government Securities. U.S. Treasury securities (“Treasury Securities”) include U.S. Treasury obligations that differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance. U.S. Government agency securities (“Agency Securities”) include obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises. Agency Securities may be guaranteed by the U.S. Government or they may be backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the obligations, or the credit of the agency, instrumentality or enterprise.
Government-sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), the Private Export Funding Corporation (“PEFCO”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Federal Farm Credit Banks (“FFCB”) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (“TVA”), although chartered or sponsored by Congress, are not funded by congressional appropriations and the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by them are neither guaranteed nor issued by the U.S. Government. Because these securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, there is a risk that the U.S. Government will not provide financial support to these agencies if not obligated to do so by law. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by the Portfolio may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. The interest from U.S. government securities generally is not subject to state and local taxation. Treasury Securities and Agency Securities also include any security or agreement collateralized or otherwise secured by Treasury Securities or Agency Securities, respectively.
Because of their high credit quality and market liquidity, U.S. Treasury and Agency Securities generally provide a lower current return than obligations of other issuers. While the U.S. Government has provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the past, there can be no assurance that it will support these or other government-sponsored enterprises in the future. In addition, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. Government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could increase the risk that the U.S. Government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities and may cause the credit rating of the U.S. Government to be downgraded. Any uncertainty regarding the ability of the United States to repay its debt obligations, and any default by the U.S. Government, would have a negative impact on the Portfolio’s investments in U.S. government securities.
Equity Securities. Equity securities include: common stocks; preferred stocks, including convertible and contingent convertible preferred stocks; equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures and other unincorporated entities or enterprises; depositary receipts, rights and warrants in underlying equity interests; and other securities that are treated as equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Portfolio cannot predict the income it might receive from equity securities because issuers generally have discretion as to the payment of any dividends or distributions.
The value of equity securities and related instruments may decline in response to adverse changes in the economy or the economic outlook; deterioration in investor sentiment; interest rate, currency, and commodity price fluctuations; adverse geopolitical, social or environmental developments; issuer- and sector-specific considerations; unexpected trading activity among retail investors; and other factors. Market conditions may affect certain types of stocks to a greater extent than other types of stocks. If the stock market declines, the value of Portfolio shares will also likely decline. Although stock prices can rebound, there is no assurance that values will return to previous levels.
Build America Bonds. Build America Bonds are taxable municipal obligations issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “Act”) or other legislation providing for the issuance of taxable municipal debt on which the issuer receives federal support. The Act authorized state and local governments to issue taxable bonds on which, assuming certain specified conditions were satisfied, issuers could either (i) receive reimbursement from the U.S.
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Treasury with respect to its interest payments on the bonds (“direct pay” Build America Bonds) or (ii) provide tax credits to investors in the bonds (“tax credit” Build America Bonds). The federal interest subsidy or tax credit continues for the life of the bonds. Unlike most other municipal obligations, interest received on Build America Bonds is subject to U.S. federal income tax and may be subject to state income tax. The subsidy that issuers of direct pay Build America Bonds receive from the U.S. Treasury has been reduced as a result of budgetary sequestration, which has resulted, and which may continue to result, in a delay or reduction in subsidy payments. Any interruption, delay, reduction, and/or offset of the reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury may reduce the demand for direct pay Build America Bonds and/or potentially trigger extraordinary call features of the bonds. This may, in turn, reduce market prices and cause the value of the Portfolio shares to fall. Pursuant to the terms of the Act, the issuance of Build America Bonds ceased on December 31, 2010. As a result, the availability of such bonds is limited, which may adversely affect their liquidity.
Cash and Money Market Instruments; Temporary Defensive Positions. The Portfolio may invest in cash or money market instruments, including high quality short-term instruments or an affiliated investment company that invests in such instruments. During unusual market conditions, including for temporary defensive purposes, the Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or money market instruments, which may be inconsistent with its investment objective(s) and other policies, and as such, the Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective(s) during this period.
Money market instruments may be adversely affected by market and economic events, such as a sharp rise in prevailing short-term interest rates; adverse developments in the banking industry, which issues or guarantees many money market instruments; adverse economic, political or other developments affecting issuers of money market instruments; changes in the credit quality of issuers; and default by a counterparty.
Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities. The Portfolio may purchase securities on a “forward commitment” or “when-issued” basis (meaning securities are purchased or sold with payment and delivery taking place in the future). In such a transaction, the Portfolio is securing what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield at the time of entering into the transaction.
The yield on a comparable security when the transaction is consummated may vary from the yield on the security at the time that the forward commitment or when-issued transaction was made. From the time of entering into the transaction until delivery and payment is made at a later date, the securities that are the subject of the transaction are subject to market fluctuations. In forward commitment or when-issued transactions, if the seller or buyer, as the case may be, fails to consummate the transaction, the counterparty may miss the opportunity of obtaining a price or yield considered to be advantageous. Forward commitment or when-issued transactions may be expected to occur a month or more before delivery is due. No payment or delivery is made, however, until payment is received or delivery is made from the other party to the transaction. These transactions may create leverage in the Portfolio.
Securities Lending. The Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers and other institutional borrowers. During the existence of a loan, the Portfolio will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest paid by the issuer on the securities loaned, or all or a portion of the interest on investment of the collateral, if any. The Portfolio may pay lending fees to such borrowers. Loans will only be made to firms that have been approved by the investment adviser, and the investment adviser or the securities lending agent will periodically monitor the financial condition of such firms while such loans are outstanding. Securities loans will only be made when the investment adviser believes that the expected returns, net of expenses, justify the attendant risks. Securities loans currently are required to be secured continuously by collateral in cash, cash equivalents (such as money market instruments) or other liquid securities held by the custodian and maintained in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. The Portfolio may engage in securities lending for total return as well as income, and may invest the collateral received from loans in investments in which the Portfolio may invest. Upon return of the loaned securities, the Portfolio would be required to return the related collateral to the borrower and may
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be required to liquidate portfolio securities in order to do so. The Portfolio may lend up to one-third of the value of its total assets or such other amount as may be permitted by law.
As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the securities loaned if the borrower of the securities fails financially. To the extent that the portfolio securities acquired with such collateral have decreased in value, it may result in the Portfolio realizing a loss at a time when it would not otherwise do so. As such, securities lending may introduce leverage into the Portfolio. The Portfolio also may incur losses if the returns on securities that it acquires with cash collateral are less than the applicable rebate rates paid to borrowers and related administrative costs.
Pooled Investment Vehicles. The Portfolio may invest in pooled investment vehicles to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder. Pooled investment vehicles are open- and closed-end investment companies unaffiliated with the investment adviser, open-end investment companies affiliated with the investment adviser and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). Pooled investment vehicles are subject to the risks of investing in the underlying securities or other instruments that they own. The market for common shares of certain closed-end investment companies and ETFs, which are generally traded on an exchange and may be traded at a premium or discount to net asset value, is affected by the demand for those securities, regardless of the value of such fund’s underlying securities. Additionally, natural or environmental disasters, widespread disease or other public health issues, war, acts of terrorism or other events could result in increased premiums or discounts to such fund’s net asset value. The Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other operating expenses paid by unaffiliated and certain affiliated pooled investment vehicles in which it invests. If such fees exceed 0.01 % of the average net assets of the Portfolio, the costs associated with such investments will be reflected under Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses in the Portfolio’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table(s) in its Fund Summary.
The Portfolio may invest in exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are debt securities that typically are listed on exchanges and their terms generally provide for a return that tracks specified market indices. ETNs may not trade in the secondary market, but typically are redeemable by the issuer.
Unlike ETFs and closed-end investment companies, ETNs are not registered investment companies and thus are not regulated under the 1940 Act. While ETNs do not have management fees, they are subject to certain investor fees. In addition, as debt securities, ETNs are subject to the additional credit risk of the issuer.
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). The Portfolio may invest in ETFs. ETFs are subject to the risks of investing in the underlying securities or other instruments that they own. The market for common shares of ETFs, which are generally traded on an exchange and may be traded at a premium or discount to net asset value, is affected by the demand for those securities, regardless of the value of such ETF’s underlying securities. Additionally, natural or environmental disasters, widespread disease or other public health issues, war, acts of terrorism or other events could result in increased premiums or discounts to an ETF’s net asset value. The Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management fees and other operating expenses paid by ETFs in which it invests. If such fees exceed 0.01%, the costs associated with such investments will be reflected under Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses in the Portfolio’s Annual Fund Operating Expenses table(s) in its Fund Summary. Requirements of the federal securities laws may limit the Portfolio’s ability to invest in other investment companies, including ETFs.
Borrowing. The Portfolio is permitted to borrow for temporary purposes (such as to satisfy redemption requests, to remain fully invested in anticipation of expected cash inflows and to settle transactions). Any borrowings by the Portfolio are subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. Borrowings are also subject to the terms of any credit agreement between the Portfolio and lender(s). Portfolio borrowings may be equal to as much as 331/3% of the value of the Portfolio’s total assets (including such borrowings) less the Portfolio’s liabilities (other than borrowings). The Portfolio will not purchase additional investments while outstanding borrowings exceed 5% of the
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value of its total assets. In addition, the Portfolio may invest in funds that are authorized to borrow to acquire additional investments. There is no assurance that a borrowing strategy will be successful.
In addition, the Portfolio will be required to maintain a specified level of asset coverage with respect to all borrowings and may be required to sell some of its holdings to reduce debt and restore coverage at times when it may not be advantageous to do so. The rights of the lender to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal of any borrowings made by the Portfolio under a credit facility are senior to the rights of holders of shares with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation. In the event of a default under a credit arrangement, the lenders may have the right to cause a liquidation of the collateral (i.e., sell Portfolio assets) and, if any such default is not cured, the lenders may be able to control the liquidation as well.
Issuer Non-Diversification. The Portfolio is a “non-diversified” fund can invest more of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than diversified funds. Focusing investments in a smaller number of issuers could result in greater potential losses than for funds investing in a broader variety of issuers, and the value of a non-diversified fund’s shares may be more volatile than the values of shares of more diversified funds. However, the Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code. This requires the Portfolio to limit its investments so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, at least 50% of the Portfolio’s total assets are invested in (i) cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and (ii) single issuers that are less than 5% of the total assets of the Portfolio and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting shares of the issuer. In addition, at the end of each fiscal quarter, not more than 25% of the value of the Portfolio’s total assets can be invested, including through corporations in which the Portfolio owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than those of the U.S. Government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the increased use of technologies by Portfolio service providers to conduct business, such as the Internet, the Portfolio is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. The Portfolio relies on communications technology, systems, and networks to engage with clients, employees, accounts, shareholders, and service providers, and a cyber incident may inhibit the Portfolio’s ability to use these technologies. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites. A denial-of-service attack is an effort to make network services unavailable to intended users, which could cause shareholders to lose access to their electronic accounts, potentially indefinitely. Employees and service providers also may not be able to access electronic systems to perform critical duties for the Portfolio, such as trading and NAV calculation, during a denial-of-service attack. There is also the possibility for systems failures due to malfunctions, user error and misconduct by employees and agents, natural disasters, or other foreseeable and unforeseeable events.
Because technology is consistently changing, new ways to carry out cyber attacks are always developing. Therefore, there is a chance that some risks have not been identified or prepared for, or that an attack may not be detected, which puts limitations on the Portfolio’s ability to plan for or respond to a cyber attack. Similar types of cybersecurity risks also are present for issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests, which could have material adverse consequences for those issuers and result in a decline in the market price of their securities. Furthermore, as a result of cyber attacks, technological disruptions, malfunctions or failures, an exchange or market may close or suspend trading in specific securities or the entire market, which could prevent the Portfolio from, among other things, buying or selling the Portfolio or accurately pricing its
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securities. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Portfolio and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber incidents consistently. In addition to deliberate cyber attacks, unintentional cyber incidents can occur, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information by the Portfolio or its service providers.
The Portfolio uses third party service providers who are also heavily dependent on computers and technology for their operations. Cybersecurity failures by or breaches of the Portfolio’s investment adviser or administrator and other service providers (including, but not limited to, the custodian or transfer agent), and the issuers of securities in which the Portfolio invests, may disrupt and otherwise adversely affect their business operations. This may result in financial losses to the Portfolio, impede Portfolio trading, interfere with the Portfolio’s ability to calculate its NAV, limit a shareholder’s ability to purchase or redeem shares of the Portfolio or cause violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, litigation costs, or additional compliance costs. While many of the Portfolio’s service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems intended to identify and mitigate cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. The Portfolio cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Portfolio and issuers in which the Portfolio invests. The Portfolio and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
Large Transactions Risk. The Portfolio may experience adverse effects when large shareholders, or a number of shareholders collectively purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Portfolio (“large shareholder transactions”). Such larger than normal redemptions may cause the Portfolio to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact the Portfolio’s NAV and liquidity. Similarly, large Portfolio share purchases may adversely affect the Portfolio’s performance to the extent that the Portfolio is delayed in investing new cash and is required to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. Large shareholder transactions may also result in taxable income and/or gains for the Portfolio, which may increase taxable distributions to shareholders, and may also increase transaction costs. The effects of taxable income and/or gains resulting from large shareholder transactions would particularly impact non-redeeming shareholders who do not hold their Portfolio shares in an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged investment plans. To the extent that such transactions result in short-term capital gains, such gains when distributed by the Portfolio will generally be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate for individual shareholders who hold Portfolio shares in a taxable account. In addition, a large redemption could result in the Portfolio’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Portfolio’s expense ratio. A number of circumstances may cause the Portfolio to experience large redemptions, including, but not limited to, the occurrence of significant events affecting investor demand for securities or asset classes in which the Portfolio invests; changes in the eligibility criteria for the Portfolio or share class of the Portfolio; liquidations, reorganizations, repositionings, or other announced Portfolio events; or changes in investment objectives, strategies, policies, risks, or investment personnel. Although large shareholder transactions may be more frequent under certain circumstances, the Portfolio is generally subject to the risk that shareholders can purchase or redeem a significant percentage of Portfolio shares at any time.
Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country, region, sector, industry or market or, with respect to one company, may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region, sector, industry or market. For example, adverse developments in the banking or financial services sector could impact companies operating in various sectors or industries and adversely impact the Portfolio’s investments. Securities in the Portfolio’s portfolio may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, health emergencies (such as epidemics and pandemics), terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years, such as terrorist attacks around the world, natural
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disasters, health emergencies, social and political discord, war, banking or debt crises and downgrades, among others, may result in market volatility and may have short and/or long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. Other financial, economic and other global market and social developments or disruptions may result in similar adverse circumstances, and it is difficult to predict when similar events affecting the U.S. or global financial markets may occur, the effects that such events may have and the duration of those effects (which may last for extended periods).
Such global events may negatively impact broad segments of businesses and populations, cause a significant negative impact on the performance of the Portfolio’s investments, adversely affect and increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s share price, and/or exacerbate pre-existing political, social and economic risks to the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s operations may be interrupted and any such event(s) could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Portfolio’s portfolio. There is a risk that you may lose money by investing in the Portfolio.
Recent Market Conditions. Both U.S. and international markets have experienced significant volatility in recent months and years. As a result of such volatility, investment returns may fluctuate significantly. National economies are substantially interconnected, as are global financial markets, which creates the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. However, the interconnectedness of economies and/or markets may be diminishing, which may impact such economies and markets in ways that cannot be foreseen at this time.
The U.S. government and the U.S. Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, have from time to time taken steps to support financial markets. The U.S. government and the U.S. Federal Reserve may, conversely, reduce market support activities, including by taking action intended to increase certain interest rates. This and other government intervention may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results. Changes in government activities in this regard, such as changes in interest rate policy, can negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the Portfolio invests.
Some countries, including the United States, have adopted more protectionist trade policies. Slowing global economic growth, the rise in protectionist trade policies, changes to some major international trade agreements, risks associated with the trade agreement between the United Kingdom and the European Union, and the risks associated with trade negotiations between the United States and China, could affect the economies of many nations in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the current strength of the U.S. dollar may decrease foreign demand for U.S. assets, which could have a negative impact on certain issuers and/or industries.
Regulators in the United States have proposed and adopted a number of changes to regulations involving the markets and issuers, some of which apply to the Portfolio. The full effect of various newly adopted regulations is not currently known. Additionally, it is not currently known whether any of the proposed regulations will be adopted. However, due to the scope of regulations being proposed and adopted, certain of these changes to regulation could limit the Portfolio’s ability to pursue its investment strategies or make certain investments, may make it more costly for it to operate, or adversely impact performance.
Tensions, war, or open conflict between nations, such as between Russia and Ukraine, in the Middle East, or in eastern Asia could affect the economies of many nations, including the United States. The duration of ongoing hostilities and any sanctions and related events cannot be predicted. Those events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally and the performance of the Portfolio and its investments or operations could be negatively impacted.
| A-36 |
There is widespread concern about the potential effects of global climate change on property and security values. Certain issuers, industries and regions may be adversely affected by the impact of climate change in ways that cannot be foreseen. The impact of legislation, regulation and international accords related to climate change may negatively impact certain issuers and/or industries.
Management Risk. The success of the Portfolio’s investment strategy depends on portfolio management’s successful application of analytical skills and investment judgment. Active management involves subjective decisions. The Portfolio may utilize systematic investment processes to seek to take advantage of certain quantitative and behavioral market characteristics identified by the investment adviser. A systematic investment process is dependent on the investment adviser’s skill in developing and maintaining that process.
General. Unless otherwise stated, the Portfolio’s investment objective and certain other policies may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will receive 60 days ’ advance written notice of any material change in the investment objective. The Portfolio might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of securities described in this Prospectus or the SAI. While at times the Portfolio may use alternative investment strategies in an effort to limit its losses, it may choose not to do so.
The Portfolio’s annual operating expenses are expressed as a percentage of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets and may change as Portfolio assets increase and decrease over time. Purchase and redemption activities by Portfolio shareholders may impact the management of the Portfolio and its ability to achieve its investment objective. In addition, the redemption by one or more large shareholders or groups of shareholders of their holdings in the Portfolio could have an adverse impact on the remaining shareholders in the Portfolio. Mutual funds, investment advisers, other market participants and many securities markets are subject to rules and regulations and the jurisdiction of one or more regulators. Changes to applicable rules and regulations or to widely accepted market conventions or standards could have an adverse effect on securities markets and market participants, as well as on the Portfolio’s ability to execute its investment strategy. With the increased use of technologies by Portfolio service providers, such as the Internet, to conduct business, the Portfolio is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. See “Additional Information about Investment Strategies and Risks” in the Fund’s SAI. In addition, it is expected that confidential or material non-public information regarding an investment or potential investment opportunity may become available to the investment adviser. If such information becomes available, the investment adviser may be precluded (including by applicable law or internal policies or procedures) from pursuing an investment or disposition opportunity with respect to such investment or investment opportunity and the investment adviser may be restricted in its ability to cause the Portfolio to buy or sell securities of an issuer for substantial periods of time when the Portfolio otherwise could realize profit or avoid loss. This may adversely affect the Portfolio’s flexibility with respect to buying or selling securities and may impair the Portfolio’s liquidity.
(d) Portfolio Holdings
The mutual funds advised by Eaton Vance Management (“Eaton Vance”) or Boston Management and Research (“BMR”) (“Eaton Vance funds”) have established policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings and other information concerning Portfolio characteristics. A description of these policies and procedures is incorporated by reference from “Shareholder Account Features – Information about the Funds” in the Fund prospectus.
| A-37 |
Item 10. Management, Organization and Capital Structure
(a) Management
Information concerning the Portfolio’s investment adviser and portfolio manager(s) is incorporated by reference from “Further Information about the Portfolio(s)” in the Fund prospectus.
Information about certain conflicts of interest to which the investment adviser and Morgan Stanley may be subject is incorporated by reference from “Potential Conflicts of Interest” in the Fund prospectus.
(b) Capital Stock
Registrant incorporates by reference information concerning interests in the Portfolio from “Management and Organization – Portfolio Organization” in the Fund SAI.
Item 11. Shareholder Information
(a) Pricing
The net asset value (“NAV”) of the Portfolio is determined as of the close of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (each, a “Portfolio Business Day”) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day that the NYSE is open for business (typically Monday through Friday) (the “Pricing Time”). The Portfolio is closed for business and will not issue a NAV on the following business holidays and any other business day that the NYSE is closed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, National Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. On holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is generally not calculated and the Portfolio generally does not transact purchase or redemption requests. However, on those days, the value of the Portfolio’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Portfolio holds foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open. In addition, trading of securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges may take place on weekends and other days when the Portfolio does not price its interests or transact purchase or redemption requests.
If the NYSE is closed due to inclement weather, technology problems or any other reason on a day it would normally be open for business, or the NYSE has an unscheduled early closing on a day it has opened for business, the Portfolio reserves the right to treat such day as a business day and accept purchase and redemption orders until, and calculate its NAV as of, the normally scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE for that day, so long as BMR believes there generally remains an adequate market to obtain reliable and accurate market quotations. If market quotations, official closing prices, or information furnished by a pricing service are not readily available or, in BMR's opinion, are deemed unreliable for a security, then that security will be fair valued in good faith by BMR in accordance with applicable fair value pricing policies and in accordance with applicable law. The Portfolio may elect to remain open and price its interests on days when the NYSE is closed but the primary securities markets on which the Portfolio’s securities trade remain open.
The Portfolio’s Board of Trustees has adopted procedures for valuing investments (the “Procedures”) and has delegated to the investment adviser the daily valuation of such investments. Information concerning the Procedures is incorporated by reference from “Valuing Shares” in the Fund prospectus.
| A-38 |
(b) and (c) Purchases and Redemptions
As described above, interests in the Portfolio are issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. The Portfolio reserves the right to transact in-kind to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and its rules, or any relief from those provisions. The Portfolio reserves the right to cease accepting investments at any time or to reject any investment order. The placement agent for the Portfolio is Eaton Vance Distributors, Inc. (“EVD”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. The principal business address of EVD is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. EVD receives no compensation from the Portfolio for serving as the placement agent.
Each investor in the Portfolio may add to or reduce its investment in the Portfolio on each Portfolio Business Day as of the Pricing Time. The value of each investor’s interest in the Portfolio will be determined by multiplying the NAV of the Portfolio by the percentage, determined on the prior Portfolio Business Day, which represents that investor’s share of the aggregate interests in the Portfolio on such prior day. Any additions or withdrawals for the current Portfolio Business Day will then be recorded. Each investor’s percentage of the aggregate interest in the Portfolio will then be recomputed as a percentage equal to a fraction (i) the numerator of which is the value of such investor’s investment in the Portfolio as of the Pricing Time on the prior Portfolio Business Day plus or minus, as the case may be, the amount of any additions to or withdrawals from the investor’s investment in the Portfolio on the current Portfolio Business Day and (ii) the denominator of which is the aggregate NAV of the Portfolio as of the Pricing Time on the prior Portfolio Business Day plus or minus, as the case may be, the amount of the net additions to or withdrawals from the aggregate investment in the Portfolio on the current Portfolio Business Day by all investors in the Portfolio. The percentage so determined will then be applied to determine the value of the investor’s interest in the Portfolio for the current Portfolio Business Day.
An investor in the Portfolio may withdraw all of (redeem) or any portion of (decrease) its interest in the Portfolio if a withdrawal request in proper form is furnished by the investor to the Portfolio. All withdrawals will be effected as of the next Pricing Time. The proceeds of a withdrawal will be paid by the Portfolio normally on the Portfolio Business Day the withdrawal is effected, but in any event within seven days. In order to meet redemption requests, the Portfolio typically expects to use holdings of cash or cash equivalents and/or proceeds from the sale of portfolio holdings. The Portfolio, however, reserves the right to pay the proceeds of a withdrawal (whether a redemption or decrease) by a distribution in kind of portfolio securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the interest (whether complete or partial) being withdrawn. If an investor received a distribution in kind upon such withdrawal, the investor could incur brokerage and other charges in converting the securities to cash. These methods may be used during any market conditions. Investments in the Portfolio may not be transferred.
The right of any investor to receive payment with respect to any withdrawal may be suspended or the payment of the withdrawal proceeds postponed during any period in which the NYSE is closed (other than weekends or holidays) or trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC or, to the extent otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act, if an emergency exists as determined by the SEC, or during any other period permitted by order of the SEC for the protection of investors.
| A-39 |
(d) Dividends and Distributions
The Portfolio will allocate at least annually among its investors each investor’s distributive share of the Portfolio’s net investment income, net realized capital gains, and any other items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit. The Portfolio’s net investment income consists of all income accrued on the Portfolio’s assets, less all actual and accrued expenses of the Portfolio, determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Allocations of taxable income or loss may be made in a different manner in order to comply with U.S. federal income tax rules.
(e) Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Portfolio Interests
In general, frequent purchases and redemptions of investment company shares may dilute the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. Excessive purchases and redemptions may disrupt efficient portfolio management, forcing an investment company to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times to raise cash, or cause increased expenses such as increased brokerage costs, realization of taxable capital gains, including short-term capital gains taxable as ordinary income, without attaining any investment advantage, or increased administrative costs. The Portfolio receives purchase and redemption requests from its investors (including the Fund) on a regular basis. These requests are primarily in response to transaction activity prompted by shareholders in such investors or allocation decisions by the managers of such investors. The Boards of Trustees of the Eaton Vance funds have adopted policies for the Funds that invest in the Portfolio to discourage short-term trading and market timing and to seek to minimize the potentially detrimental effects of frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of those Funds. While the Portfolio does not have a policy with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio interests, the investment adviser of the Funds that invest in the Portfolio attempts to avoid short-term trading when allocating Fund assets. Additional information about these policies is included under “Purchasing Shares – Restrictions on Excessive Trading and Market Timing” in the Fund prospectus.
(f) Tax Consequences
Under the anticipated method of operation of the Portfolio, the Portfolio intends to be classified as a partnership under the Code and intends not to be subject to any U.S. federal income tax. However, each investor in the Portfolio will be required to take into account its allocable share of the Portfolio’s taxable ordinary income and capital gain in determining its U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, for any taxable year of the Portfolio ending with or within the taxable year of such investor, without regard to whether the investor has received or will receive any cash or property distributions from the Portfolio. The determination of each investor’s allocable share will be made in accordance with the governing instruments of the Portfolio, which are intended to comply with the requirements of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Treasury Regulations”).
The Portfolio expects to manage its assets in such a way that an investment company investing in the Portfolio will be able to satisfy the income and asset diversification requirements of Subchapter M of the Code, assuming that it invests all of its assets in the Portfolio , in other portfolios that so manage their assets or in other RICs that so manage their assets.
Item 12. Distribution Arrangements
Not applicable.
| A-40 |
This Part B should be read in conjunction with Part A. Capitalized terms used in this Part B and not otherwise defined have the meaning given them in Part A. A copy of the Part A of the Registration Statement may be obtained without charge on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
Item 14. Cover Page and Table of Contents
Global Opportunities Portfolio
| Page | |
| Portfolio History | B-1 |
| Description of the Portfolio and Its Investments and Risks | B-1 |
| Management of the Portfolio | B-3 |
| Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities | B-4 |
| Investment Advisory and Other Services | B-4 |
| Portfolio Managers | B-5 |
| Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices | B-5 |
| Capital Stock and Other Securities | B-6 |
| Purchase, Redemption, and Pricing of Shares | B-7 |
| Taxation of the Portfolio | B-7 |
| Underwriters | B-8 |
| Calculation of Performance Data | B-8 |
| Financial Statements | B-8 |
Item 15. Portfolio History
The Portfolio is organized as a Massachusetts business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts under a Declaration of Trust dated October 19, 2009, as amended and restated February 10, 2016.
Item 16. Description of the Portfolio and Its Investments and Risks
| (a) | Classification |
The Portfolio is a non-diversified, open-end management company.
| (b) | Investment Strategies and Risks |
Information concerning the investment strategies and risks of the Portfolio is incorporated by reference from “Strategies and Risks” and “Additional Information About Investment Strategies and Risks” in the Fund SAI.
| (c) | Portfolio Policies |
The following investment restrictions of the Portfolio are designated as fundamental policies and as such cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Portfolio’s outstanding voting securities, which as used in this SAI means the lesser of: (a) 67% of the shares of the Portfolio present or represented by proxy at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present or represented at the meeting; or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio. Accordingly, the Portfolio may not:
| (1) | Borrow money or issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act; |
| B-1 |
| (4) | Purchase or sell real estate, although it may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate; or |
| (5) | Make loans to any person, except by (a) the acquisition of debt instruments and making portfolio investments, (b) entering into repurchase agreements, and (c) lending portfolio securities. |
In addition, the Portfolio may:
For purposes of determining industry classifications, the investment adviser considers an issuer to be in a particular industry if a third party has designated the issuer to be in that industry, unless the investment adviser is aware of circumstances that make the third party’s classification inappropriate. In such a case, the investment adviser will assign an industry classification to the issuer. Privately issued mortgage backed securities and a foreign government each are considered an industry.
Notwithstanding its investment policies and restrictions, the Portfolio may, in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act, invest: (i) all of its investable assets in an open-end management investment company with substantially the same investment objective(s), policies and restrictions as the Fund; or (ii) in more than one open-end management investment company sponsored by Eaton Vance or its affiliates, provided any such company has investment objective(s), policies and restrictions that are consistent with those of the Fund.
In addition, to the extent a registered open-end investment company acquires securities of a fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) under the 1940 Act, such acquired fund shall not acquire any securities of a registered open-end investment company in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(F) or 12(d)(1)(G) under the 1940 Act.
Whenever an investment policy or investment restriction set forth in the Part A or this Part B states a requirement with respect to the percentage of assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or describes a policy regarding quality standards, such percentage limitation or standard shall be determined immediately after and as a result of the acquisition by the Portfolio of such security or asset. Accordingly, unless otherwise noted, any later increase or decrease resulting from a change in values, assets or other circumstances or any subsequent rating change made by a rating service (or as determined by the investment adviser if the security is not rated by a rating agency), will not compel the Portfolio to dispose of such security or other asset. However, the Portfolio must always be in compliance with the borrowing policy set forth above. If a Portfolio is required to reduce borrowings, it will do so in a manner that is consistent with the 1940 Act and guidance of the SEC or its staff, and that complies with any applicable SEC exemptive order.
| B-2 |
| (d) | Temporary Defensive Positions |
During unusual market conditions, the Portfolio may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents temporarily, which may be inconsistent with its investment objective(s) and other policies.
| (e) | Portfolio Turnover |
Not applicable.
| (f) | Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings |
Information concerning the policies of the Eaton Vance funds (including the Portfolio) regarding the disclosure of portfolio holdings information is incorporated by reference from “Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings and Related Information” in the Fund SAI.
Item 17. Management of the Portfolio
(a) – (c) Management Information, Leadership Structure and Board of Trustees, and Compensation
The Board of Trustees of the Portfolio (“Board”) has general oversight responsibility with respect to the business and affairs of the Portfolio. The Board has engaged an investment adviser to manage the Portfolio. The Board is responsible for overseeing the investment adviser and other service providers to the Portfolio. The Portfolio’s Board consists of the same persons who serve as trustees of the Fund and the Board has the same leadership and committee structure as the Fund’s board. Information concerning the management of the Portfolio, the Portfolio’s Board and its leadership structure, and Board compensation is incorporated by reference from “Management and Organization” in the Fund SAI. The Officers of the Portfolio are the following:
| Principal Officers who are not Trustees | ||||||
| Name and Year of Birth | Trust Position(s) | Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | |||
| KENNETH A. TOPPING 1966 |
President | Since 2023 | Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of Eaton Vance and BMR and Chief Operating Officer for Public Markets at Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc. Officer of 104 registered investment companies managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. Also Vice President of Calvert Research and Management (“CRM”) since 2021. | |||
| DEIDRE E. WALSH 1971 |
Vice President and Chief Legal Officer | Since 2021 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 122 registered investment companies managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. Also Vice President of CRM and officer of 44 registered investment companies advised or administered by CRM since 2021. | |||
| JAMES F. KIRCHNER 1967 |
Treasurer | Since 2013 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 122 registered investment companies managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. Also Vice President of CRM and officer of 44 registered investment companies advised or administered by CRM since 2016. | |||
| B-3 |
| Name and Year of Birth | Trust Position(s) | Length of Service | Principal Occupation(s) During Past Five Years | |||
| NICHOLAS S. DI LORENZO 1987 |
Secretary | Since 2022 | Officer of 122 registered investment companies managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. Formerly, associate (2012-2021) and counsel (2022) at Dechert LLP. | |||
| LAURA T. DONOVAN 1976 |
Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2024 | Vice President of Eaton Vance and BMR. Officer of 122 registered investment companies managed by Eaton Vance or BMR. |
(d) Sales Loads
Not applicable.
(e) Code of Ethics
Information concerning relevant codes of ethics is incorporated by reference from “Investment Advisory and Administrative Services – Code of Ethics” in the Fund SAI.
(f) Proxy Voting Policies
Information concerning relevant proxy voting policies is incorporated by reference from “Management and Organization – Proxy Voting Policy” and any related Appendix in the Fund SAI.
Item 18. Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities
(a) and (b) Control Persons and Principal Holders
As of February 1, 2026, Eaton Vance Strategic Income Fund (“Strategic Income Fund”) controlled the Portfolio by virtue of owning approximately 98. 71 % of the value of the outstanding interests in the Portfolio. Because Strategic Income Fund controls the Portfolio, Short Duration Strategic Income Fund may take actions without the approval of any other investor. Short Duration Strategic Income Fund has informed the Portfolio that it will vote in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act whenever requested to vote on Portfolio matters. Strategic Income Fund is a series of Eaton Vance Mutual Funds Trust, an open-end management investment company organized as a business trust under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (the “Trust”). The address of Strategic Income Fund and the Trust is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
(c) Management Ownership
As described in Part A, interests in the Portfolio may only be held by certain investment companies and other entities. Interests in the Portfolio cannot be purchased by a Trustee or officer of the Portfolio. The Trustees and officers of the Portfolio as a group do not own any interests in the Portfolio.
Item 19. Investment Advisory and Other Services
(a) and (c) Investment Adviser and Services Provided by Each Investment Adviser
Information concerning the investment adviser and investment advisory services provided to the Portfolio is incorporated by reference from “Investment Advisory and Administrative Services” in the Fund SAI.
| B-4 |
The Portfolio’s adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to its operation of the Portfolio. Accordingly neither the Portfolio nor the investment adviser with respect to the operation of the Portfolio is subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act. Because of their management of other strategies, Eaton Vance and BMR are registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as commodity pool operators. Eaton Vance is also registered as a commodity trading advisor. BMR claims an exemption of “commodity trading advisor.” The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the Portfolio’s investment strategies or this Registration Statement.
| (b) | Principal Underwriter |
EVD, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, is the Portfolio’s placement agent. The principal business address of EVD is One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.
(d) - (g) Not applicable
(h) Other Service Providers
Information about other Portfolio service providers is incorporated by reference from “Other Service Providers – Custodian” and “- Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Fund SAI.
(i) Securities Lending
Not applicable.
Item 20. Portfolio Managers
(a) and (b) Other Accounts Managed and Compensation
Information concerning other accounts managed by the portfolio manager(s) of the Portfolio and their compensation is incorporated by reference from “Investment Advisory and Administrative Services” in the Fund SAI.
Information about certain conflicts of interest to which the investment adviser and Morgan Stanley may be subject is incorporated by reference from “Potential Conflicts of Interest” in the Fund SAI.
(c) Portfolio Ownership
As described in Part A, interests in the Portfolio may only be held by certain investment companies and other entities. Interests in the Portfolio cannot be purchased by a portfolio manager.
Item 21. Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices
Information concerning the brokerage practices of the Portfolio is incorporated by reference from “Portfolio Securities Transactions” in the Fund SAI.
| B-5 |
Item 22. Capital Stock and Other Securities
Under the Portfolio’s Declaration of Trust, the Trustees are authorized to issue interests in the Portfolio. Investors are entitled to participate pro rata in distributions of taxable income, loss, gain and credit of the Portfolio. Upon termination of the Portfolio, the Trustees shall liquidate the assets of the Portfolio and apply and distribute the proceeds thereof as follows: (a) first, to the payment of all debts and obligations of the Portfolio to third parties including, without limitation, the retirement of outstanding debt, including any debt owed to holders of record of interests in the Portfolio (“Holders”) or their affiliates, and the expenses of liquidation, and to the setting up of any reserves for contingencies which may be necessary; and (b) second, in accordance with the Holders’ positive book capital account balances after adjusting book capital accounts for certain allocations provided in the Declaration of Trust and in accordance with the requirements described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b)(2). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Trustees shall determine that an immediate sale of part or all of the assets of the Portfolio would cause undue loss to the Holders, the Trustees, in order to avoid such loss, may, after having given notification to all the Holders, to the extent not then prohibited by the law of any jurisdiction in which the Portfolio is then formed or qualified and applicable in the circumstances, either defer liquidation of and withhold from distribution for a reasonable time any assets of the Portfolio except those necessary to satisfy the Portfolio’s debts and obligations or distribute the Portfolio’s assets to the Holders in liquidation. The Trustees may authorize the issuance of certificates of beneficial interest to evidence that ownership of interests in the Portfolio.
Each Holder is entitled to vote in proportion to the amount of its interest in the Portfolio. Holders do not have cumulative voting rights. The Portfolio is not required and has no current intention to hold annual meetings of Holders, but the Portfolio will hold meetings of Holders when in the judgment of the Portfolio’s Trustees it is necessary or desirable to submit matters to a vote of Holders at a meeting. Any action which may be taken by Holders may be taken without a meeting if Holders holding more than 50% of all interests entitled to vote (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust of the Portfolio) consent to the action in writing and the consents are filed with the records of meetings of Holders.
The Portfolio’s Declaration of Trust may be amended by vote of Holders of more than 50% of all interests in the Portfolio at any meeting of Holders or by a majority of the Trustees and consented to by the Holders of more than 50% of all interests. The Trustees may also amend the Declaration of Trust (without the vote or consent of Holders) to change the Portfolio’s name or the state or other jurisdiction whose law shall be the governing law, to supply any omission or cure, correct or supplement any ambiguous, defective or inconsistent provision, to conform the Declaration of Trust to applicable federal law or regulations or the requirements of the Code, or to change, modify or rescind any provision, provided that such change, modification or rescission is determined by the Trustees to be necessary or appropriate and not to have a materially adverse effect on the financial interests of the Holders. No amendment of the Declaration of Trust which would change any rights with respect to any Holder’s interest in the Portfolio by reducing the amount payable thereon upon liquidation of the Portfolio may be made, except with the vote or consent of the Holders of two-thirds of all interests. References in the Declaration of Trust and in Part A or this Part B to a specified percentage of, or fraction of, interests in the Portfolio, means Holders whose combined book capital account balances represent such specified percentage or fraction of the combined book capital account balance of all, or a specified group of, Holders. Unless provided otherwise in the Declaration of Trust, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a meeting by vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being present) or without a meeting by written consent of a majority of the Trustees.
| B-6 |
The Portfolio may merge or consolidate with any other corporation, association, trust or other organization or may sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of its property, including its good will, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized by the Trustees and without any authorization, vote or consent of the Holders, except as may otherwise be required by applicable law, and any such merger, consolidation, sale, lease or exchange shall be deemed for all purposes to have been accomplished under and pursuant to the statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Portfolio may be terminated (i) by the affirmative vote of Holders of not less than two-thirds of all interests at any meeting of Holders or by an instrument in writing without a meeting, consented to by Holders of not less than two-thirds of all interests, or (ii) by the approval of a majority of the Trustees then in office to be followed by written notice to the Holders.
In relative part, the Declaration of Trust provides that obligations of the Portfolio are not binding upon the Trustees individually but only upon the property of the Portfolio and that the Trustees will not be liable for any action or failure to act, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Item 23. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares
See Item 11 herein. The Procedures adopted by the Board for valuing Portfolio assets are incorporated by reference from “Calculation of Net Asset Value” in the Fund SAI.
Item 24. Taxation of the Portfolio
It is intended that the Portfolio operate and be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not as an “association taxable as a corporation” or a “publicly traded partnership” (as defined in Section 7704 of the Code) taxable as a corporation. Consequently, the Portfolio does not expect that it will be required to pay any U.S. federal income tax, and a Holder will be required to take into account in determining its U.S. federal income tax liability its allocable share of the Portfolio’s income, gains, losses, deductions and credits for any taxable year of the Portfolio ending with or within the taxable year of such Holder, without regard to whether the Holder has received or will receive any cash or property distributions from the Portfolio. The determination of each Holder’s allocable share will be made in accordance with the governing instruments of the Portfolio, which are intended to comply with the requirements of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.
Under Subchapter K of the Code, a partnership is considered to be either an aggregate of its members or a separate entity, depending upon the factual and legal context in which the question arises. Under the aggregate approach, each partner is treated as an owner of an undivided interest in partnership assets and operations. Under the entity approach, the partnership is treated as a separate entity in which partners have no direct interest in partnership assets and operations. It is the Portfolio’s position that, in the case of a Holder that seeks to qualify as a RIC, the aggregate approach should apply, and each such Holder should accordingly be deemed to own a proportionate share of each of the assets of the Portfolio and to earn gross income of the Portfolio attributable to that share for applicable purposes of Subchapter M of the Code.
In order to enable a Holder (that is otherwise eligible) to qualify as a RIC, the Portfolio intends to satisfy the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code relating to sources of income and diversification of assets as if they were applicable to the Portfolio and to permit withdrawals in a manner that will enable a Holder that is a RIC to comply with the distribution requirements applicable to RICs (including those under Sections 852 and 4982 of the Code). The Portfolio
| B-7 |
will allocate at least annually to each Holder such Holder’s distributive share of the Portfolio’s net investment income, net realized capital gains, and any other items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit (including unrealized gains at the end of the Portfolio’s fiscal year on certain options and futures transactions that are required to be marked-to-market) in a manner intended to comply with the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations.
To the extent the cash proceeds of any withdrawal (or, under certain circumstances, such proceeds plus the value of any marketable securities distributed to an investor) (“liquid proceeds”) exceed a Holder’s adjusted basis of its interest in the Portfolio, the Holder will generally realize a gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If, upon a complete withdrawal, a Holder receives only liquid proceeds (and/or unrealized receivables) and the Holder’s adjusted basis of its interest exceeds the liquid proceeds of such withdrawal and the Holder’s basis in any unrealized receivables, the Holder will generally realize a loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, on a distribution to a Holder from the Portfolio, (i) income may be recognized if the distribution changes a distributee’s share of any unrealized receivables held by the Portfolio and (ii) gain or loss may be recognized to a Holder that contributed property to the Portfolio. The tax consequences of a withdrawal of property (instead of or in addition to liquid proceeds) will be different and will depend on the specific factual circumstances. A Holder’s adjusted basis of an interest in the Portfolio will generally be the aggregate price paid therefor (including the adjusted basis of contributed property and any gain recognized on the contribution thereof), increased by the amounts of the Holder’s distributive share of items of income (including income exempt from U.S. federal income taxation) and realized net gain of the Portfolio, and reduced, but not below zero, by (i) the amounts of the Holder’s distributive share of items of Portfolio deductions or loss, (ii) the amount of any cash distributions (including distributions of income exempt from U.S. federal income taxation and cash distributions on withdrawals from the Portfolio) and the adjusted basis to the Holder of any property received by such Holder other than in liquidation, and (iii) the Holder’s distributive share of the Portfolio’s nondeductible expenditures not properly chargeable to the Holder’s capital account. Increases or decreases in a Holder’s share of the Portfolio’s liabilities may also result in corresponding increases or decreases in such adjusted basis.
A partnership has the option to make an election to adjust the basis of the partnership’s assets in the event of a distribution of partnership property to a partner, or a transfer of a partnership interest. This optional adjustment could either increase or decrease such basis depending on the relevant facts. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio will make such an election in the future. However, this basis adjustment is mandatory in certain circumstances.
The Portfolio’s investments in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts and certain other transactions will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale, short sale and other rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Portfolio, defer Portfolio losses, cause adjustments to the holding periods of Portfolio securities, convert capital gain into ordinary income and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of the income recognized by Holders, including Holders who intend to qualify as RICs.
The Portfolio's investments, if any, in securities issued with original issue discount (possibly including certain asset-related securities) or securities acquired at a market discount (if an election is made to include accrued market discount in current income) will cause it to realize income prior to the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities. In order to enable a Holder to distribute its proportionate share of this income, the Portfolio may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold in order to generate cash that the Holder may withdraw from the Portfolio for subsequent distribution to such Holder's shareholders.
| B-8 |
The Portfolio’s investments in commodity-linked instruments, if any, can be limited by the Portfolio’s intention to satisfy the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code relating to sources of income because income and gains from certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a RIC. The tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Portfolio might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. If the Portfolio were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Portfolio’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Portfolio would fail to satisfy the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code relating to sources of income.
The Portfolio may be subject to foreign taxes on its income (including, in some cases, capital gains) from certain foreign securities. These taxes may be reduced or eliminated under the terms of an applicable U.S. income tax treaty , if any . The anticipated extent of the Portfolio’s investment in foreign securities is such that it is not expected that a Holder that is a RIC which invests its assets in the Portfolio will be eligible to pass through to its shareholders foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio and allocated to the Holder, so that shareholders of such RIC will not be entitled to foreign tax credits or deductions for foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio and allocated to the RIC.
Transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts, and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Equity investments by the Portfolio in “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could subject Holders of the Portfolio to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences and other charges on certain distributions from such companies and on disposition of investments in such companies; however the tax consequences of such investments may be mitigated in certain cases if the Portfolio makes an election to mark such investments to market annually or treat the PFICs as “qualified electing funds.” There can be no assurance that the Portfolio will make such an election. Treasury Regulations have recently been proposed that, if and when finalized, would generally require Holders, rather than the Portfolio, to make such elections with respect to PFICs in which the Portfolio invests. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio will be able to provide to Holders information adequate to make and maintain such elections. Certain uses of foreign currency and foreign currency derivatives such as options, futures, forward contracts and swaps and investments by the Portfolio in the stock of certain PFICs may be limited, or an election with respect to PFICs may be made, if available, in order to enable a Holder that is a RIC to preserve its qualification as a RIC or to reduce the imposition of tax on the Holders.
“Qualified dividend income” received by an individual is generally taxed at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. In order for a dividend that the Portfolio allocates to Holders to be qualified dividend income, the Portfolio must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend-paying stock. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Portfolio or the Holder level) (i) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning at the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (ii) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (iii) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (iv) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation
| B-9 |
that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a PFIC.
An entity that is treated as a partnership under the Code, such as the Portfolio, is generally treated as a partnership under state and local tax laws, but certain states and localities may have different entity classification criteria and may therefore reach a different conclusion. Entities that are classified as partnerships are not treated as separate taxable entities under most state and local tax laws, and the income of a partnership is considered to be income of partners both in timing and in character. The laws of the various state and local taxing authorities vary with respect to the status of a partnership interest under state and local tax laws, and each Holder is advised to consult its own tax advisor.
The foregoing discussion does not address the special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, foreign investors, insurance companies and financial institutions. Investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to special tax rules that may apply in their particular situations, as well as the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences of investing in the Portfolio. It is not possible at this time to predict whether or to what extent any changes in the Code or interpretations thereof will occur. Current and prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding pending and proposed legislation or other changes.
Item 25. Underwriters
The placement agent for the Portfolio is EVD. Investment companies, common and commingled trust funds, pooled income funds and similar entities may continuously invest in the Portfolio.
Item 26. Calculation of Performance Data
Item 27. Financial Statements
The following audited financial statements of the Portfolio are incorporated by reference into this Part B and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as experts in accounting and auditing.
Portfolio of Investments as of October 31, 2025
Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of October 31, 2025
Statement of Operations for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025
Statements of Changes in Net Assets for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024
Financial Highlights for each of the five fiscal years ended October 31, 2025
Notes to Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
For purposes of the EDGAR filing of this amendment to the Portfolio’s registration statement, the Portfolio incorporates by reference the above audited financial statements as previously filed electronically with the SEC on Form N-CSR on December 30, 2025 pursuant to Section 30(b)(2) of the 1940 Act (Accession No. 0001193125-25-337039).
| B-10 |
PART C
Item 28. Exhibits (with inapplicable items omitted)
| C-1 |
Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
Information regarding the Portfolio’s wholly owned subsidiary, Eaton Vance GOP Commodity Subsidiary, Ltd. (the “Subsidiary”), is incorporated by reference from “Management and Organization - Organization and Management of Wholly Owned Subsidiary” in the Fund SAI.
| C-2 |
Item 30. Indemnification
Article V of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust contains indemnification provisions for Trustees and officers. The Trustees and officers of the Registrant and the personnel of the Registrant’s investment adviser are insured under an errors and omissions liability insurance policy.
The Placement Agent Agreement also provides for reciprocal indemnity of the placement agent, on the one hand, and the Trustees and officers, on the other.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
Reference is made to: (i) the information set forth under the caption “Management and Organization” in the Fund SAI; (ii) the Morgan Stanley 10-K filed under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (File No. 001-11758); and (iii) the Forms ADV of Eaton Vance (File No. 801-15930) and BMR (File No. 801-43127) filed with the SEC, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. Principal Underwriters
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
All applicable accounts, books and documents required to be maintained by the Registrant by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the Rules promulgated thereunder are in the possession and custody of the Registrant’s custodian, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Congress Street, Boston, MA 02114-2016, with the exception of certain corporate documents and portfolio trading documents which are in the possession and custody of the Registrant’s investment adviser at One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109. The Registrant is informed that all applicable accounts, books and documents required to be maintained by registered investment advisers are in the custody and possession of the Registrant’s investment adviser.
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
The Portfolio and the Subsidiary undertake that the Subsidiary’s books and records will be subject to inspection by the Commission to the same extent as the Portfolio’s books and records are subject to inspection by the Commission.
| C-3 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 19 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of New York , and State of New York on the 27th day of February, 2026 .
| GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES PORTFOLIO | ||
| By: | /s/ Kenneth A. Topping | |
|
Kenneth A. Topping President | ||
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