Form 485BPOS VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FUND

December 22, 2020 6:08 AM EST

  

amended and restated GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

This Amended and Restated Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, is between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Bank”), a national banking association with a place of business at 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179; and each of the open-end management investment companies listed on Exhibit 1 of this Agreement, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), organized as Delaware statutory trusts (each a “Trust”), severally and for and on behalf of certain of their respective portfolios listed on Exhibit 1 (each a “Fund”), each Trust and their respective Funds with a place of business at P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482. Each Trust for which Bank serves as custodian under this Agreement, shall individually be referred to as “Customer.”  

1.

INTENTION OF THE PARTIES; DEFINITIONS 

1.1

INTENTION OF THE PARTIES. 

(a)

This Agreement sets out the terms governing custodial, settlement and certain other associated services offered by Bank to Customer. Bank shall be responsible for the performance of only those duties that are set forth in this Agreement or expressly contained in Instructions that are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement and with Bank’s operations and procedures. Customer acknowledges that Bank is not providing any legal, tax or investment advice in providing the services hereunder. 

(b)

Investing in foreign markets may be a risky enterprise. The holding of Global Assets and cash in foreign jurisdictions may involve risks of loss or other special features. Bank shall not be liable for any loss that results from the general risks of investing or Country Risk. 

1.2

DEFINITIONS. 

(a)

As used herein, the following terms have the meaning hereinafter stated. 

ACCOUNT” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement. 

AFFILIATE” means an entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, Bank. 

AFFILIATED SUBCUSTODIAN” means a Subcustodian that is an Affiliate. 

APPLICABLE LAW” means any statute, whether national, state or local, applicable in the United States or any other country, the rules of the treaty establishing the European Community, other applicable treaties, any other law, rule, regulation or interpretation of any governmental entity, any applicable common law, and any decree, injunction, judgment, order, ruling, or writ of any governmental entity. 

AUTHORIZED PERSON” means any person (including an investment manager or other agent) who has been designated by written notice from Customer or its designated agent to act on behalf of Customer hereunder. Such persons shall continue to be Authorized Persons until such time as Bank receives Instructions from Customer or its designated agent that any such person is no longer an Authorized Person. 

BANK INDEMNITEES” means Bank, its Subcustodians, and their respective nominees, directors, officers and employees. 

BANK’S LONDON BRANCH” means the London branch office of Bank. 

CASH ACCOUNT” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(ii). 

CORPORATE ACTION” means any subscription right, bonus issue, stock repurchase plan, redemption, exchange, calls, redemptions, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization, conversions, consolidation, subdivision, takeover offer or similar matter with respect to a Financial Asset in the Securities Account that requires discretionary action by the holder, but does not include proxy voting. 

COUNTRY RISK” means the risk of investing or holding assets in a particular country or market, including, but not limited to, risks arising from: nationalization, expropriation or other governmental actions; the country’s financial infrastructure, including prevailing custody and settlement practices; laws applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Financial Assets and cash held in custody; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; and market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets. 

CUSTOMER” means individually each Trust and their respective Funds as listed on Exhibit 1 hereto. 

ENTITLEMENT HOLDER” means the person named on the records of a Securities Intermediary as the person having a Securities Entitlement against the Securities Intermediary. 

FINANCIAL ASSET” means, as the context requires, either the asset itself or the means by which a person’s claim to it is evidenced, including a Security, a security certificate, or a Securities Entitlement. “Financial Asset” includes any Global Assets but does not include cash. 

FUND” means each portfolio of each Trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto. 

GLOBAL ASSET” means any “Financial Asset” (a) for which the principal trading market is located outside of the United States; (b) for which presentment for payment is to be made outside of the United States; or (c) which is acquired outside of the United States. 

INSTRUCTIONS” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement. 

LIABILITIES” means any liabilities, losses, claims, costs, damages, penalties, fines, obligations, or expenses of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’, accountants’, consultants’ or experts’ fees and disbursements). 

SECURITIES” means stocks, bonds, rights, warrants and other negotiable and non-negotiable instruments, whether issued in certificated or uncertificated form, that are commonly traded or dealt in on securities exchanges or financial markets. “Securities” also means other obligations of an issuer, or shares, participations and interests in an issuer recognized in the country in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment and any other property as may be acceptable to Bank for the Securities Account. 

SECURITIES ACCOUNT” means each Securities custody account on Bank’s records to which Financial Assets are or may be credited pursuant hereto. 

SECURITIES DEPOSITORY” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 of this Agreement. 

SECURITIES ENTITLEMENT” means the rights and property interest of an Entitlement Holder with respect to a Financial Asset as set forth in Part 5 of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York, as the same may be amended from time to time. 

“SECURITIES INTERMEDIARY” means Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, and any other financial institution which in the ordinary course of business maintains custody accounts for others and acts in that capacity. 

SUBCUSTODIAN” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 and includes Affiliated Subcustodians. 

TRUST” means each open-end investment company organized as a Delaware business trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto. 

(b)

All terms in the singular shall have the same meaning in the plural unless the context otherwise provides and vice versa. 

2.

WHAT BANK IS REQUIRED TO DO 

2.1

Set Up Accounts. 

(a)

Bank shall establish and maintain the following accounts (“Accounts”): 

(i)

a Securities Account in the name of Customer on behalf of each Fund for Financial Assets, which may be received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer, including as an Entitlement Holder; and 

(ii)

an account in the name of Customer (“Cash Account”) for any and all cash in any currency received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer. 

Notwithstanding paragraph (ii), cash held in respect of those markets where Customer is required to have a cash account in its own name held directly with the relevant Subcustodian shall be held in that manner and shall not be part of the Cash Account. Bank shall notify Customer prior to the establishment of such an account. 

(b)

At the request of Customer, additional Accounts may be opened in the future, which shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement. 

(c)

Except as precluded by Section 8-501(d) of the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”), Bank shall hold all Securities and other Financial Assets, other than cash, of a Fund that are delivered to it in a “securities account” with Bank for and in the name of such Fund and shall treat all such assets other than cash as “financial assets” as those terms are used in the UCC.  

2.2

Cash Account. 

Except as otherwise provided in Instructions acceptable to Bank, all cash held in the Cash Account shall be deposited during the period it is credited to the Account in one or more deposit accounts at Bank or at Bank’s London Branch. Any cash so deposited with Bank’s London Branch shall be payable exclusively by Bank’s London Branch in the applicable currency, subject to compliance with any Applicable Law, including, without limitation, any restrictions on transactions in the applicable currency imposed by the country of the applicable currency. 

2.3

Segregation of Assets; Nominee Name. 

(a)

Bank shall identify in its records that Financial Assets credited to Customer’s Securities Account belong to Customer on behalf of the relevant Fund (except as otherwise may be agreed by Bank and Customer). 

(b)

To the extent permitted by Applicable Law or market practice, Bank shall require each Subcustodian to identify in its own records that Financial Assets credited to Customer’s Securities Account belong to customers of Bank, such that it is readily apparent that the Financial Assets do not belong to Bank or the Subcustodian. 

(c)

Bank is authorized, in its discretion, to hold in bearer form, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in bearer form or are delivered to Bank or its Subcustodian in bearer form; and to register in the name of the Customer, Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, or their respective nominees, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in registered form. Customer authorizes Bank or its Subcustodian to hold Financial Assets in omnibus accounts and shall accept delivery of Financial Assets of the same class and denomination as those deposited with Bank or its Subcustodian. 

(d)

Upon receipt of Instruction, Bank shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each Fund for purposes of segregating cash, government securities, and other assets in connection with derivative transactions entered into by a Fund or options purchased, sold or written by the Fund. 

2.4

Settlement of Trades. 

When Bank receives an Instruction directing settlement of a trade in Financial Assets that includes all information required by Bank, Bank shall use reasonable care to effect such settlement as instructed. Settlement of purchases and sales of Financial Assets shall be conducted in accordance with prevailing standards of the market in which the transaction occurs. The risk of loss shall be Customer’s whenever Bank delivers Financial Assets or payment in accordance with applicable market practice in advance of receipt or settlement of the expected consideration. In the case of the failure of Customer’s counterparty to deliver the expected consideration as agreed, Bank shall contact the counterparty to seek settlement and, if the settlement is not received, notify Customer, but Bank shall not be obligated to institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action. 

2.5

Contractual Settlement Date Accounting. 

(a)

Bank shall effect book entries on a “contractual settlement date accounting” basis as described below with respect to the settlement of trades in those markets where Bank generally offers contractual settlement day accounting and shall notify Customer of these markets from time to time. 

(i)

Sales: On the settlement date for a sale, Bank shall credit the Cash Account with the sale proceeds of the sale and transfer the relevant Financial Assets to an account pending settlement of the trade if not already delivered. 

(ii)

Purchases: On the settlement date for the purchase (or earlier, if market practice requires delivery of the purchase price before the settlement date), Bank shall debit the Cash Account with the settlement monies and credit a separate account. Bank then shall post the Securities Account as awaiting receipt of the expected Financial Assets. Customer shall not be entitled to the delivery of Financial Assets that are awaiting receipt until Bank or a Subcustodian actually receives them. 

Bank reserves the right to restrict in good faith the availability of contractual day settlement accounting for credit reasons. Bank, whenever reasonably possible, will notify Customer prior to imposing such restrictions.  

(b)

Bank may (in its discretion) upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer, reverse any debit or credit made pursuant to Section 2.5(a) prior to a transaction’s actual settlement, and Customer shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Customer acknowledges that the procedures described in this sub-section are of an administrative nature, and Bank does not undertake to make loans and/or Financial Assets available to Customer. 

2.6

Actual Settlement Date Accounting. 

With respect to any sale or purchase transaction that is not posted to the Account on the contractual settlement date as referred to in Section 2.5, Bank shall post the transaction on the date on which the cash or Financial Assets received as consideration for the transaction is actually received by Bank. 

2.7

Income Collection; Autocredit. 

(a)

Bank shall credit the Cash Account with income and redemption proceeds on Financial Assets in accordance with the times notified by Bank from time to time on or after the anticipated payment date, net of any taxes that are withheld by Bank or any third party. Where no time is specified for a particular market, income and redemption proceeds from Financial Assets shall be credited only after actual receipt and reconciliation. Bank may reverse such credits upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer when Bank believes that the corresponding payment shall not be received by Bank within a reasonable period or such credit was incorrect. 

(b)

Bank shall make reasonable endeavors in its discretion to contact appropriate parties to collect unpaid interest, dividends or redemption proceeds, but neither Bank nor its Subcustodians shall be obliged to file any formal notice of default, institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action. 

2.8

Fractions / Redemptions by Lot. 

In the event that, as a result of holding Financial Assets in an omnibus account, the Customer receives fractional interests in Financial Assets arising out of a corporate action or class action litigation, Bank will credit the Customer with the amount of cash the Customer would have received, as reasonably determined by Bank, had the Financial Assets not been held in an omnibus account, and the Customer shall relinquish to Bank its interest in such fractional interests. If some, but not all, of an outstanding class of Financial Asset is called for redemption, Bank may allot the amount redeemed among the respective beneficial holders of such class of Financial Asset in any manner Bank reasonably deems to be fair and equitable. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any action taken pursuant to this section.  

2.9

Presentation of Coupons; Certain Other Ministerial Acts. 

Until Bank receives Instructions to the contrary, Bank shall: 

(a)

present all Financial Assets for which Bank has received notice of a call for redemption or that have otherwise matured, and all income and interest coupons and other income items that call for payment upon presentation; 

(b)

execute in the name of Customer such certificates as may be required to obtain payment in respect of Financial Assets; and 

(c)

exchange interim or temporary documents of title held in the Securities Account for definitive documents of title. 

2.10

Corporate Actions; Class Action Litigation. 

(a)

Bank will follow Corporate Actions through receipt of notices from issuers, from Subcustodians, Securities Depositories and notices published in industry publications and reported in reporting services. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any Corporate Action of which information is either (i) received by it or by a Subcustodian to the extent that Bank’s central corporate actions department has actual knowledge of the Corporate Action in time to notify its customers in a timely manner; or (ii) published via a formal notice in publications and reporting services routinely used by Bank for this purpose in time for Bank to notify its customers in a timely manner. Any notices received by Bank’s corporate actions department about U.S. settled securities class action litigation that requires action by affected owners of the underlying Financial Assets will be promptly provided to Customer if Bank, using reasonable care and diligence in the circumstances, identifies that Customer was a shareholder and held the relevant Financial Assets in custody with Bank at the relevant time. Bank will not make filings in the name of Customer in respect to such notifications except as otherwise agreed in writing between Customer and Bank.  

(b)

If an Authorized Person fails to provide Bank with timely Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action or class action, neither Bank nor its Subcustodians or their respective nominees will take any action in relation to that Corporate Action or class action, except as otherwise agreed in writing by Bank and Customer or as may be set forth by Bank as a default action in the notification it provides under Section 2.10(a) with respect to that Corporate Action or class action. If Customer provides Bank with Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action after the deadline set by Bank but before the deadline set by a Securities Depository, Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to act on such Instructions. If Bank fails to act on Instructions provided by Customer prior to the deadline set by Bank with respect to any Corporate Action, Bank will be liable for direct losses incurred by Customer.  

2.11

Proxy Voting. 

(a)

Bank shall provide Customer or its agent with details of Securities in the Account on a daily basis (“Daily Holdings Data”), and Bank or its agent shall act in accordance with Instructions from an Authorized Person in relation to matters Customer or its agent determine in their absolute discretion are to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets, based upon such Daily Holdings Data (“the proxy voting service”). Neither Bank nor its agent shall be under any duty to provide Customer or its agent with information which it or they receive on matters to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets. 

(b)

Bank or its agent shall act upon Instructions to vote, provided Instructions are received by Bank or its agent at its proxy voting department by the relevant deadline for such Instructions as determined by Bank or its agent. If Instructions are not received in a timely manner, neither Bank nor its agent shall be obligated to provide further notice to Customer. 

(c)

In markets where the proxy voting service is not available or where Bank has not received a duly completed enrollment form or other relevant documentation, Bank or its agent shall endeavor to act upon Instructions to vote on matters before meetings of holders of Financial Assets where it is reasonably

practicable for Bank or its agent (or its Subcustodians or nominees as the case may be) to do so and where such Instructions are received in time for Bank or its agent to take timely action. 

(d)

Customer acknowledges that the provision of the proxy voting service may be precluded or restricted under a variety of circumstances. These circumstances include, but are not limited to: (i) the Financial Assets being on loan or out for registration, (ii) the pendency of conversion or another corporate action, or (iii) Financial Assets being held at Customer’s request in a name not subject to the control of Bank or its Subcustodian, in a margin or collateral account at Bank or another bank or broker, or otherwise in a manner which affects voting, local market regulations or practices, or restrictions by the issuer. Additionally, in some markets, Bank may be required to vote all shares held for a particular issue for all of Bank’s customers in the same way. Bank or its agent shall inform Customer or its agent where this is the case. 

(e)

Notwithstanding the fact that Bank may act in a fiduciary capacity with respect to Customer under other agreements or otherwise hereunder, in performing the proxy voting service Bank shall be acting solely as the agent of Customer, and shall not exercise any discretion with regard to such proxy voting service or vote any proxy except when directed by an Authorized Person. 

2.12

Statements and Information Available On-Line. 

(a)

Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer, at times mutually agreed, a statement of account in Bank’s standard format for each Account maintained by Customer with Bank, identifying the Financial Assets and cash held in each Account. Bank also will provide to Customer, upon request, the capability to reformat the information contained in each statement of account. In addition, Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer an advice or notification of any transfers of cash or Financial Assets with respect to each Account. Bank will not be liable with respect to any matter set forth in those portions of any such statement of account or advice (or reasonably implied therefrom) to which Customer has not given Bank a written exception or objection within ninety days of receipt of such statement, provided such matter is not the result of Bank’s willful misconduct or bad faith. 

(b)

Prices and other information obtained from third parties which may be contained in any statement sent to Customer have been obtained from sources Bank believes to be reliable. Bank does not, however, make any representation as to the accuracy of such information or that the prices specified necessarily reflect the proceeds that would be received on a disposal of the relevant Financial Assets. 

(c)

Customer understands that records and reports, other than statements of account, that are available to it on-line on a real-time basis may not be accurate due to mis-postings, delays in updating Account records, and other causes. Bank will not be liable for any loss or damage arising out of the inaccuracy of any such records or reports that are accessed on-line on a real-time basis. 

2.13

Access to Bank’s Records. 

(a)

Bank shall create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of Customer under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be property of Customer. Bank will allow Customer’s duly authorized officers, employees, and agents, including Customer’s independent public accountants, and the employees and agents of the SEC access at all times during the regular business hours of Bank to such records. Except, in the case of access by the SEC as otherwise required by the SEC, such access will be subject to reasonable notice to Bank.  Subject to restrictions under Applicable Law, Bank also will obtain an undertaking to permit Customer’s independent public accountants reasonable access to the records of any Subcustodian of Securities held in the Securities Account as may be required in connection with such examination. 

(b)

In addition, Bank shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to any entity or entities appointed by the Customer to keep its books of account and/or compute its net asset value. Bank shall provide reports and other data as Customer may from time to time reasonably request to enable Customer to obtain, from year to year, favorable opinions from Customer’s independent accountants with respect to Bank’s activities hereunder in connection with (i) the preparation of any registration statement of Customer and any other reports required by a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund, and (ii) the fulfillment by Customer of any other requirements of a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund. 

(c)

Upon reasonable request of Customer, Bank shall provide Customer with a copy of Bank’s Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports (or any successor reports) prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT-C section 320, Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to User Entities’ Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (or any successor attestation standard). In addition, from time to time as requested, Bank will furnish Customer a “gap” or “bridge” letter that will address any material changes that might have occurred in Customer’s controls covered in the SOC Report from the end of the SOC Report period through a specified requested date. Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide Customer with such reports as Customer may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-l of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements. Upon reasonable request by Customer, Bank shall also provide to Customer customary sub-certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements. Upon written request, Bank shall provide Customer with information about Bank’s processes for the management and monitoring of Subcustodians for safeguarding Financial Assets. 

2.14

Maintenance of Financial Assets at Bank and at Subcustodian Locations. 

(a)

Unless Instructions require another location acceptable to Bank, Global Assets shall be held in the country or jurisdiction in which their principal trading market is located, where such Global Assets may be presented for payment, where such Financial Assets were acquired, or where such Financial Assets are held. Bank reserves the right to refuse to accept delivery of Global Assets or cash in countries and jurisdictions other than those referred to in Schedule 1 to this Agreement, as in effect from time to time. 

(b)

Bank shall not be obliged to follow an Instruction to hold Financial Assets with, or have them registered or recorded in the name of, any person not chosen by Bank. However, if Customer does instruct Bank to hold Securities with or register or record Securities in the name of a person not chosen by Bank, the consequences of doing so are at Customer’s own risk and Bank shall not be liable therefor. 

2.15

Tax Reclaims. 

Bank shall provide tax reclamation services as provided in Section 8.2. 

2.16

Foreign Exchange Transactions. 

To facilitate the administration of Customer’s trading and investment activity, Bank may, but shall not be obliged to, enter into spot or forward foreign exchange contracts with Customer, or an Authorized Person, and may also provide foreign exchange contracts and facilities through its Affiliates or Subcustodians. Instructions, including standing instructions, may be issued with respect to such contracts, but Bank may establish rules or limitations concerning any foreign exchange facility made available. In all cases where Bank, its Affiliates or Subcustodians enter into a master foreign exchange contract that covers foreign exchange transactions for the Accounts, the terms and conditions of that foreign exchange contract and, to the extent not inconsistent, this Agreement, shall apply to such transactions. 

2.17

Compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rule 17f-5 (“rule 17f-5”). 

(a)

Customer’s board of directors (or equivalent body) (hereinafter ‘Board’) hereby delegates to Bank, and, except as to the country or countries as to which Bank may, from time to time, advise Customer that it does not accept such delegation, Bank hereby accepts the delegation to it, of the obligation to perform as Customer’s ‘Foreign Custody Manager’ (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(3) as promulgated under the 1940 Act), including for the purposes of: (i) selecting Eligible Foreign Custodians (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(1), and as the same may be amended from time to time, or that have otherwise been exempted pursuant to an SEC exemptive order) to hold foreign Financial Assets and cash, (ii) evaluating the contractual arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians (as set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(2)), and (iii) monitoring such foreign custody arrangements (as set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(3)). 

(b)

In connection with the foregoing, Bank shall: 

(i)

provide written reports notifying Customer’s Board of the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of any material change in the arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians, with such reports to be provided to Customer’s Board at such times as the Board deems reasonable and appropriate based on the circumstances of Customer’s foreign custody arrangements (and until further notice from Customer such reports shall be provided not less than quarterly with respect to the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and with reasonable promptness upon the occurrence of any material change in the arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians); 

(ii)

exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing as Customer’s Foreign Custody Manager as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of foreign Financial Assets and cash would exercise; 

(iii)

in selecting an Eligible Foreign Custodian, first have determined that foreign Financial Assets and cash placed and maintained in the safekeeping of such Eligible Foreign Custodian shall be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, after having considered all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such foreign Financial Assets and cash, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(1)(i)-(iv); 

(iv)

determine that the written contract with an Eligible Foreign Custodian requires that the Eligible Foreign Custodian shall provide reasonable care for foreign Financial Assets and cash based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(2). 

(v)

have established a system to monitor the continued appropriateness of maintaining foreign Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of the governing contractual arrangements; it being understood, however, that in the event that Bank shall have determined that the existing Eligible Foreign Custodian in a given country would no longer afford foreign Financial Assets and cash reasonable care and that no other Eligible Foreign Custodian in that country would afford reasonable care, Bank shall promptly so advise Customer and shall then act in accordance with the Instructions of Customer with respect to the disposition of the affected foreign Financial Assets and cash. 

(c)

Subject to (b)(i)-(v) above, Bank is hereby authorized to place and maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash on behalf of Customer with Eligible Foreign Custodians pursuant to a written contract deemed appropriate by Bank. Each such contract shall, except as set forth in the last paragraph of this subsection (c), include provisions that provide: 

(i)

For indemnification or insurance arrangements (or any combination of the foregoing) that will adequately protect Customer against the risk of loss of Financial Assets and cash held in accordance with such contract; 

(ii)

That Customer’s Financial Assets will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash, liens or rights in favor of creditors of such Eligible Foreign Custodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws; 

(iii)

That beneficial ownership of Customer’s Assets will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration; 

(iv)

That adequate records will be maintained identifying Customer’s Assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer; 

(v)

That Customer’s independent public accountants will be given access to those records described in (iv) above or confirmation of the contents of those records; and 

(vi)

That Customer will receive sufficient and timely periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer’s Assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer’s account or a third party account containing Assets held for the benefit of Customer. 

Such contract may contain, in lieu of any or all of the provisions specified in this subsection (c), such other provisions that Bank determines will provide, in their entirety, the same or a greater level of care and protection for Customer’s Assets as the specified provisions, in their entirety. 

(d)

Except as expressly provided herein, Customer shall be solely responsible to assure that the maintenance of foreign Financial Assets and cash hereunder complies with the rules, regulations, interpretations and exemptive orders as promulgated by or under the authority of the SEC. 

(e)

Bank represents to Customer that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in rule 17f-5(a)(7). Customer represents to Bank that: (1) the foreign Financial Assets and cash being placed and maintained in Bank’s custody are subject to the 1940 Act, as the same may be amended from time to time; (2) its Board has determined that it is reasonable to rely on Bank to perform as Customer’s Foreign Custody Manager; and (3) its Board or its investment adviser shall have determined that Customer may maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash in each country in which Customer’s Financial Assets and cash shall be held hereunder and determined to accept Country Risk. Nothing contained herein shall require Bank to make any selection or to engage in any monitoring on behalf of Customer that would entail consideration of Country Risk. 

(f)

Bank shall provide to Customer such information relating to Country Risk as is specified in Appendix 1 hereto. Customer hereby acknowledges that: (i) such information is solely designed to inform Customer of market conditions and procedures and is not intended as a recommendation to invest or not invest in particular markets; and (ii) Bank has gathered the information from sources it considers reliable, but that Bank shall have no responsibility for inaccuracies or incomplete information, provided that Bank transmits the information using reasonable care. 

2.18

Compliance with SEC rule 17f-7 (“rule 17f-7”). 

(a)

Bank shall, for consideration by Customer, provide an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer’s foreign Financial Assets with each Eligible Securities Depository used by Bank as of the date hereof (or, in the case of an Eligible Securities Depository not used by Bank as of the date hereof, prior to the initial placement of Customer’s foreign Financial Assets at such Depository) and at which any foreign Financial Assets of Customer are held or are expected to be held. The foregoing analysis will be provided to Customer at Bank’s Website. In connection with the foregoing, Customer shall notify Bank of any Eligible Securities Depositories at which it does not choose to have its foreign Financial Assets held. Bank shall monitor the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer’s Financial Assets at each such Eligible Securities Depository on a continuing basis and shall promptly notify Customer or its investment adviser of any material changes in such risks. 

(b)

Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the requirements set forth in Section 2.18(a) above. 

(c)

Based on the information available to it in the exercise of diligence, Bank shall determine the eligibility under rule 17f-7 of each depository before including it on Schedule 3 hereto and shall promptly advise Customer if any Eligible Securities Depository ceases to be eligible. (Eligible Securities Depositories used by Bank as of the date hereof are set forth in Schedule 3 hereto, and as the same may be amended on notice to Customer from time to time.) 

2.19

Service Level Agreement. 

Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Bank agrees to perform the custody services provided for under this Agreement in a manner that meets or exceeds any service levels as may be agreed upon by the parties from time to time in a written document that is executed by both parties on or after the date of this Agreement, unless that written document specifically states that it is not contractually binding.  For the avoidance of doubt, Bank’s Service Directory shall not be deemed to be such a written document.  

3.

INSTRUCTIONS 

3.1

Acting on Instructions; Unclear Instructions. 

(a)

Bank is authorized to act under this Agreement (or to refrain from taking action) in accordance with the instructions received by Bank, via telephone, telex, facsimile transmission, or other teleprocess or electronic instruction or trade information system acceptable to Bank (“Instructions”). Bank shall have no responsibility for the authenticity or propriety of any Instructions that Bank believes in good faith to have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify. Customer authorizes Bank to accept and act upon any Instructions received by it without inquiry. Customer shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold each of them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Bank Indemnitees as a result of any action or omission taken in accordance with any Instructions or other directions upon which Bank is authorized to rely under the terms of this Agreement, provided that Bank shall not be indemnified against or held harmless from any Liabilities arising out of Bank’s negligence, bad faith, fraud, or willful misconduct. 

(b)

Unless otherwise expressly provided, all Instructions shall continue in full force and effect until canceled or superseded. 

(c)

Bank may (in its sole discretion and without affecting any part of this Section 3.1) seek clarification or confirmation of an Instruction from an Authorized Person and may decline to act upon an Instruction if it does not receive clarification or confirmation satisfactory to it. Bank shall not, except as provided in Section 7.1 hereof, be liable for any loss arising from any delay while it seeks such clarification or confirmation. 

(d)

In executing or paying a payment order Bank may rely upon the identifying number (e.g. Fedwire routing number or account) of any party as instructed in the payment order. Customer assumes full responsibility for any inconsistency within an Instruction between the name and identifying number of any party in payment orders issued to Bank in Customer’s name. 

3.2

Security Devices. 

Either party may record any of their telephonic communications. Customer shall comply with any security procedures reasonably required by Bank from time to time with respect to verification of Instructions. Customer shall be responsible for safeguarding any test keys, identification codes or other security devices that Bank shall make available to Customer or any Authorized Person.  

3.3

Instructions; Contrary to Law/Market Practice. 

Bank need not act upon Instructions which it reasonably believes to be contrary to law, regulation or market practice but shall be under no duty to investigate whether any Instructions comply with Applicable Law or market practice. Bank shall notify Customer as soon as reasonably practicable if it does not act upon Instructions under this Section. 

3.4

Cut-off Times. 

Bank has established cut-off times for receipt of some categories of Instruction, which shall be made available to Customer. If Bank receives an Instruction after its established cut-off time, it shall attempt to act upon the Instruction on the day requested if Bank deems it practicable to do so or otherwise as soon as practicable on the next business day. 

3.5

Electronic Access.  

Access by the Customer to certain systems, applications or products of Bank shall be governed by this Agreement and the terms and conditions set forth in Annex A Electronic Access.   

4.

FEES, EXPENSES AND OTHER AMOUNTS OWING TO BANK 

4.1

Fees and Expenses. 

Customer shall pay Bank for its services hereunder the fees set forth in Schedule 2 hereto or such other amounts as may be agreed upon in writing from time to time. 

4.2

Overdrafts. 

If a debit to any currency in the Cash Account results in a debit balance in that currency then Bank may, in its discretion, advance an amount equal to the overdraft and such an advance shall be deemed a loan to Customer, payable on demand, bearing interest at the rate agreed by Customer and Bank for the Accounts from time to time, or, in the absence of such an agreement, at the rate charged by Bank from time to time, for overdrafts incurred by customers similar to Customer, from the date of such advance to the date of payment (both after as well as before judgment) and otherwise on the terms on which Bank makes similar advances available from time to time. Bank shall promptly notify Customer of such an advance. No prior action or course of dealing on Bank’s part with respect to the settlement of transactions on Customer’s behalf shall be asserted by Customer against Bank for Bank’s refusal to make advances to the Cash Account or to settle any transaction for which Customer does not have sufficient available funds in the applicable currency in the Account. 

4.3

Bank’s Right Over Securities; Set-off. 

(a)

Customer grants Bank a security interest in and a lien on the Financial Assets held in the Securities Account of a particular Fund as shall have a fair market value equal to the aggregate amount of all overdrafts of such Fund, together with accrued interest, as security for any and all amounts which are now or become owing to Bank with respect to that Fund under any provision of this Agreement, whether or not matured or contingent (“Indebtedness”). Such lien and security interest shall be effective only so long as such advance, overdraft, or accrued interest thereon remains outstanding and Bank shall have all the rights and remedies of a secured party under the New York Uniform Commercial Code in respect of the repayment of the advance, overdraft or accrued interest. In this regard, Bank shall be entitled to (i) without notice to Customer, withhold delivery of such Financial Assets, and (ii) with two business days’ prior notice to the Customer and an opportunity for the Customer to satisfy such Indebtedness to Bank, sell or otherwise realize any of such Financial Assets and to apply the proceeds and any other monies credited to the Cash Account in satisfaction of such Indebtedness solely to the extent of such Indebtedness, provided, however, that Bank shall only be obligated to provide the Customer with same-day prior notice if Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, a delay would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness.  During any such notice period, Bank will, at Customer’s request, consult with Customer regarding the selection of Financial Assets to be sold by Bank to satisfy the Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, only advances made by Bank under Section 4.2 are “Indebtedness” subject to this Section 4.3. No other outstanding amounts payable by Customer to Bank (including, without limitation, amounts payable by Customer under Section 4.1) are “Indebtedness” subject to this Section 4.3. 

(b)

Bank shall be further entitled to set any such Indebtedness off against any cash or deposit account of the Fund that incurred the Indebtedness with Bank or any of its Affiliates of which the Fund is the beneficial owner, regardless of the currency involved; Bank shall provide prior notice to Customer of its intent to exercise its set off rights against any cash or deposit account of the Fund, which notice shall be provided at least on the same day as the set off is effected, provided however that no prior notice is required in cases where Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, the delay required in order to provide prior notice would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness. 

5.

SUBCUSTODIANS, SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES, AND OTHER AGENTS 

5.1

Appointment of Subcustodians; Use of Securities Depositories. 

(a)

Bank is authorized under this Agreement to act through and hold Customer’s Global Assets with subcustodians, being at the date of this Agreement the entities listed in Schedule 1 and/or such other entities as Bank may appoint as subcustodians (“Subcustodians”). At the request of Customer, Bank may, but need not, add to Schedule 1 an Eligible Foreign Custodian where Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the selection thereof. Bank shall notify Customer in the event that it elects to add any such entity. Bank shall use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the selection and continued appointment of such Subcustodians. In addition, Bank and each Subcustodian may deposit Global Assets with, and hold Global Assets in, any securities depository, settlement system, dematerialized book entry system or similar system (together a “Securities Depository”) on such terms as such systems customarily operate and Customer shall provide Bank with such documentation or acknowledgements that Bank may require to hold the Global Assets in such systems. 

(b)

Any agreement Bank enters into with a Subcustodian for holding Bank’s customers’ assets shall provide that: (i) such assets shall not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of such Subcustodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash deposits, except for liens or rights in favor of creditors of the Subcustodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws; (ii) beneficial ownership of such assets shall be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration; (iii) adequate records will be maintained identifying the assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer; (iv) Customer and Customer’s independent public accountants will be given reasonable access to those records or confirmation of the contents of those records; and (v) Customer will receive periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer’s assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer’s account or a third party account containing assets held for the benefit of Customer. Where a Subcustodian deposits Securities with a Securities Depository, Bank shall cause the Subcustodian to identify on its records as belonging to Bank, as agent, the Securities shown on the Subcustodian’s account at such Securities Depository. The foregoing shall not apply to the extent of any special agreement or arrangement made by Customer with any particular Subcustodian. 

(c)

Bank shall have no responsibility for any act or omission by (or the insolvency of) any Securities Depository. In the event Customer incurs a loss due to the negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, or insolvency of a Securities Depository, Bank shall make reasonable endeavors to seek recovery from the Securities Depository. 

(d)

The term Subcustodian as used herein shall mean the following: 

(i)

a “U.S. Bank” as such term is defined in rule 17f-5; and 

(ii)

an “Eligible Foreign Custodian” as such term is defined in rule 17f-5 and any other entity that shall have been so qualified by exemptive order, rule or other appropriate action of the SEC. 

(iii)

For purposes of clarity, it is agreed that as used in Section 5.2(a), the term Subcustodian shall not include any Eligible Foreign Custodian as to which Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager. 

(e)

The term ‘securities depository’ as used herein when referring to a securities depository located outside the U.S. shall mean an “Eligible Securities Depository” as defined in rule 17f-7, or that has otherwise been made exempt pursuant to an SEC exemptive order. 

(f)

The term ‘securities depository’ as used herein when referring to a securities depository located in the U.S. shall mean a “Securities Depository” as defined in rule 17f-4. 

5.2

Liability for Subcustodians. 

(a)

Subject to the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall be liable for direct Liabilities incurred by Customer that result from: (i) the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian selected by Bank, whether domestic or foreign, to the same extent as if such act or omission was performed by Bank itself, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market; or (ii) the insolvency of any Affiliated Subcustodian. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall take full responsibility for any Liabilities that result from or that are caused by the fraud, willful misconduct, or negligence of its Subcustodians or the insolvency of an Affiliated Subcustodian. In the event of any Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian for which Bank would otherwise be liable, Bank shall promptly reimburse Customer in the amount of any such Liabilities.   

(b)

Subject to Section 7.1(a) and Bank’s duty to use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the monitoring of a Subcustodian’s financial condition as reflected in its published financial statements and other publicly available financial information concerning it, Bank shall not be responsible for the insolvency of any Subcustodian which is not a branch or an Affiliated Subcustodian. 

(c)

Bank reserves the right to add, replace or remove Subcustodians. Bank shall give Customer prompt notice of any such action, which shall be advance notice if practicable. Upon request by Customer, Bank shall identify the name, address and principal place of business of any Subcustodian and the name and address of the governmental agency or other regulatory authority that supervises or regulates such Subcustodian. 

5.3

Use of Agents. 

(a)

Bank may provide certain services under this Agreement through third parties. These third parties may be Affiliates. Except to the extent provided in Section 5.2 with respect to Subcustodians, Bank shall not be responsible for any loss as a result of a failure by any broker or any other third party that it selects and retains using reasonable care and without negligence to provide ancillary services, such as pricing, proxy voting, and corporate action services, that it does not customarily provide itself. Nevertheless, Bank shall be liable for the performance of any such service provider selected by Bank that is an Affiliate to the same extent as Bank would have been liable if it performed such services itself. 

(b)

Bank shall execute transactions involving Financial Assets of United States origin through a broker which is an Affiliate (i) in the case of the sale under Section 2.8 of a fractional interest or (ii) if an Authorized Person directs Bank to use the affiliated broker or otherwise requests that Bank select a broker for that transaction, unless, in either case, the Affiliate does not execute similar transactions in such Financial Assets. The affiliated broker may charge its customary commission (or retain its customary spread) with respect to either such transaction. 

6.

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CUSTOMER 

6.1

Representations of Customer and Bank. 

(a)

Customer represents and warrants to Bank that: (i) it has full authority and power, and has obtained all necessary authorizations and consents, to deposit and control the Financial Assets and cash in the Accounts, to use Bank as its custodian in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and to incur indebtedness, pledge Financial Assets as contemplated by Section 4.3, and enter into foreign exchange transactions; and (ii) this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Bank may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank’s obligations hereunder. 

(b)

Bank represents and warrants to Customer that this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Customer may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Customer’s obligations hereunder. 

6.2

Customer to Provide Certain Information to Bank. 

Upon request, Customer shall promptly provide to Bank such information about itself and its financial status as Bank may reasonably request, including Customer’s organizational documents and its current audited and unaudited financial statements. 

6.3

Customer is Liable to Bank Even if it is Acting for Another Person. 

If Customer is acting as an agent for a disclosed or undisclosed principal in respect of any transaction, cash, or Financial Asset, Bank nevertheless shall treat Customer as its principal for all purposes under this Agreement. In this regard, Customer shall be liable to Bank as a principal in respect of any transactions relating to the Account. The foregoing shall not affect any rights Bank might have against Customer’s principal. 

6.4

Several Obligations of the Trusts and the Funds. 

This Agreement is executed on behalf of the Board of Trustees of each Fund as Trustees and not individually and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of each Fund severally and not jointly. With respect to any obligations of Customer arising out of this Agreement, Bank shall look for payment or satisfaction of any obligation solely to the assets of the Fund to which such obligation relates as though Bank had separately contracted by separate written instrument with respect to the Fund. 

7.

WHEN BANK IS LIABLE TO CUSTOMER 

7.1

Standard of Care; Liability. 

(a)

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in carrying out all of its duties and obligations under this Agreement (except to the extent Applicable Law provides for a higher standard of care, in which case such higher standard shall apply), and shall be liable to Customer for any and all Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer resulting from the failure of Bank to exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence or resulting from Bank’s negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud and to the extent provided in Section 5.2(a). Unless otherwise specified or required by Applicable Law, Bank shall not be in violation of this Agreement with respect to any matter as to which it has satisfied the standard of care under this Agreement.  

(b)

Bank shall not be liable under any circumstances for any indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages (including, without limitation, lost profits) of any form incurred by any person, whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be brought, with respect to the Accounts or Bank’s performance hereunder or Bank’s role as custodian.  

(c)

Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, each Customer severally and not jointly shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against any of the Bank Indemnitees in connection with or arising out of Bank’s performance under this Agreement, provided the Bank Indemnitees have not acted with negligence or bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct in connection with the Liabilities in question. Nevertheless, Customer shall not be obligated to indemnify any Bank Indemnitee under the preceding sentence with respect to any Liability for which Bank is liable under Section 5.2 of this Agreement. Bank shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder).  

(d)

Subject to any obligation Customer may have to indemnify Bank with respect to amounts claimed by third parties, Customer shall have no liability whatsoever for any consequential, special, indirect or speculative loss or damages (including, but not limited to, lost profits) suffered by Bank Indemnitees in connection with the transactions and services contemplated hereby and the relationship established hereby even if Customer has been advised as to the possibility of the same and regardless of the form of action. 

(e)

Without limiting Subsections 7.1 (a) or (b), Bank shall have no duty or responsibility to: (i) question Instructions or make any suggestions to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding such Instructions, provided that Bank believes in good faith that such Instructions have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify; (ii) supervise or make recommendations with respect to investments or the retention of Financial Assets; (iii) advise Customer or an Authorized Person regarding any default in the payment of principal or income of any security other than as provided in Section 2.7(b) of this Agreement; (iv) except as otherwise expressly required herein, evaluate or report to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding the financial condition of any broker, agent or other party to which Bank is instructed to deliver Financial Assets or cash; or (v) except for trades settled at DTC where the broker provides DTC trade confirmation and Customer provides for Bank to receive the trade instruction, review or reconcile trade confirmations received from brokers (and Customer or its Authorized Persons issuing Instructions shall bear any responsibility to review such confirmations against Instructions issued to and statements issued by Bank). 

(f)Bank shall indemnify the Customer from and against any and all Liabilities which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Customer resulting directly either from Bank’s negligence, bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its obligations or duties hereunder, or from any act or omission by a Subcustodian in the performance of its subcustodial obligations or duties hereunder for which Bank is expressly liable under Section 5.2, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market, provided that (i) in no event shall the Bank be obliged to indemnify Customer from against any Liability (or any claim for a Liability) to the extent such Liability is described in clause 7.1(b) this Agreement and (ii) the Customer shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder). 

7.2

Force Majeure. 

So long as Bank maintains and updates its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures as set forth in Section 10.8, Bank shall have no liability for any damage, loss or expense of any nature that Customer may suffer or incur, caused by an act of God, fire, flood, civil or labor disturbance, war, act of any governmental authority or other act or threat of any authority (de jure or de facto), legal constraint, fraud or forgery (except by Bank or Bank Indemnitees), malfunction of equipment or software (except to the extent such malfunction is primarily attributable to Bank’s negligence, or willful misconduct in maintaining the equipment or software), failure of or the effect of rules or operations of any external funds transfer system, inability to obtain or interruption of external communications facilities, or any cause beyond the reasonable control of Bank (including without limitation, the non-availability of appropriate foreign exchange). Bank shall endeavor to promptly notify Customer when it becomes aware of any situation outlined above, but shall not be liable for failure to do so. If Bank is prevented from carrying out its obligations under this Agreement for a period of thirty days, Customer may terminate the Agreement by giving Bank not less than thirty days’ notice, without prejudice to any of the rights of any party accrued prior to the date of termination. 

7.3

Bank May Consult With Counsel. 

Bank shall be entitled to rely on, and may act upon the advice of professional advisers in relation to matters of law, regulation or market practice (which may be the professional advisers of Customer), and shall not be liable to Customer for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice; provided that Bank has selected and retained such professional advisers using reasonable care and acts reasonably in reliance on the advice. 

7.4

Bank Provides Diverse Financial Services and May Generate Profits as a Result. 

Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may have a material interest in transactions entered into by Customer with respect to the Account or that circumstances are such that Bank may have a potential conflict of duty or interest. For example, Bank or its Affiliates may act as a market maker in the Financial Assets to which Instructions relate, provide brokerage services to other customers, act as financial adviser to the issuer of such Financial Assets, act in the same transaction as agent for more than one customer, have a material interest in the issue of the Financial Assets, or earn profits from any of these activities. Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may be in possession of information tending to show that the Instructions received may not be in the best interests of Customer. Bank is not under any duty to disclose any such information. 

8.

TAXATION 

8.1

Tax Obligations. 

(a)

Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to the Cash Account any taxes or levies required by any revenue or Governmental authority for whatever reason in respect of Customer’s Accounts. 

(b)

If Bank does not receive appropriate declarations, documentation and information then additional United Kingdom taxation shall be deducted from all income received in respect of the Financial Assets issued outside the United Kingdom (which shall for this purpose include United Kingdom Eurobonds) and any applicable United States tax (including, but not limited to, non-resident alien tax) shall be deducted from United States source income. Customer shall provide to Bank such certifications, documentation, and information as it may require in connection with taxation, and warrants that, when given, this information is true and correct in every respect, not misleading in any way, and contains all material information. Customer undertakes to notify Bank immediately if any information requires updating or correcting. 

(c)

Customer shall be responsible for the payment of all taxes relating to the Financial Assets in the Securities Account, and Customer shall pay, indemnify and hold Bank harmless from and against any and all liabilities, penalties, interest or additions to tax with respect to or resulting from, any delay in, or failure by, Bank (1) to pay, withhold or report any U.S. federal, state or local taxes or foreign taxes imposed on, or (2) to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account, whether such failure or delay by Bank to pay, withhold or report tax or income is the result of (x) Customer’s failure to comply with the terms of this paragraph, or (y) Bank’s own acts or omissions; provided however, Customer shall not be liable to Bank for any penalty or additions to tax due as a result of Bank’s failure to pay or withhold tax or to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account solely as a result of Bank’s negligent acts or omissions. 

8.2

Tax Reclaims. 

(a)

Subject to the provisions of this Section, Bank shall apply for a reduction of withholding tax and any refund of any tax paid or tax credits in respect of income payments on Financial Assets credited to the Securities Account that Bank believes may be available. 

(b)

The provision of a tax reclamation service by Bank is conditional upon Bank receiving from Customer (i) a declaration of its identity and place of residence and (ii) certain other documentation (pro forma copies of which are available from Bank). If Financial Assets credited to the Account are beneficially owned by someone other than Customer, this information shall be necessary with respect to the beneficial owner. Customer acknowledges that Bank shall be unable to perform tax reclamation services unless it receives this information. 

(c)

Bank shall perform tax reclamation services only with respect to taxation levied by the revenue authorities of the countries advised to Customer from time to time and Bank may, by notification in writing, in its absolute discretion, supplement or amend the countries in which the tax reclamation services are offered. Other than as expressly provided in this Section 8.2, Bank shall have no responsibility with regard to Customer’s tax position or status in any jurisdiction. 

(d)

Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to disclose any information requested by any revenue authority or any governmental body in relation to the processing of any tax reclaim. 

9.

TERMINATION 

(a)

Either party may terminate this Agreement by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than sixty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Customer, for itself or on behalf of a Fund, and not sooner than one hundred twenty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Bank. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund. If Customer gives notice of termination, it must provide full details of the persons to whom Bank must deliver Financial Assets and cash. If Bank gives notice of termination, then Customer must, within one hundred twenty days following receipt of the notice, notify Bank of details of its new custodian, failing which Bank may elect (at any time after one hundred twenty days following Customer’s receipt of the notice) either to retain the Financial Assets and cash until such details are given, continuing to charge fees due (in which case Bank’s sole obligation shall be for the safekeeping of the Financial Assets and cash), or deliver the Financial Assets and cash to Customer. Bank shall in any event be entitled to deduct any uncontested amounts owing to it prior to delivery of the Financial Assets and cash (and, accordingly, Bank shall be entitled to deduct cash from the Cash Account in satisfaction of uncontested amounts owing to it); provided, however, that Bank shall first provide Customer with a statement setting forth such amounts owing to it and provide Customer two days’ advance notice before effecting any such deduction, during which time Customer shall be entitled to determine the priority order in which such Financial Assets and cash are to be used to satisfy the outstanding uncontested amounts. Customer shall reimburse Bank promptly for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses it incurs in delivering Financial Assets upon termination by Customer. Termination pursuant to this Section shall not affect any of the liabilities either party owes to the other arising under this Agreement prior to such termination. 

(b)

In the event of any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, Bank shall, for a period of up to one hundred twenty days after termination of the Agreement, (i) continue to provide all or part of the services under the Agreement if requested by Customer, which services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement during the transition period unless otherwise agreed to by the parties; (ii) provide to Customer or any successor custodian all assistance reasonably requested to enable Customer or the successor custodian to commence providing services similar to those under the Agreement; and (iii) subject to the same limitations in place during the term of the Agreement, provide Customer with access to all records in the possession of Bank relating to Customer. In connection with any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall also promptly develop a transition plan setting forth a reasonable timetable for the transition of Financial Assets and cash to Customer or any successor custodian and describing the parties’ respective responsibilities for transitioning the services back to Customer or any successor custodian in an orderly and uninterrupted fashion. Customer will use all reasonable efforts to transition to a successor custodian as soon as possible following the effective date of termination. 

10.

MISCELLANEOUS 

10.1

Notices. 

Notices (other than Instructions) shall be served by registered mail or hand delivery to the address of the respective parties as set out on the first page of this Agreement, unless notice of a new address is given to the other party in writing. Notice shall not be deemed to be given unless it has been received. 

10.2

Successors and Assigns. 

This Agreement shall be binding on each of the parties’ successors and assigns, but the parties agree that neither party can assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. 

10.3

Interpretation. 

Headings are for convenience only and are not intended to affect interpretation. References to sections are to sections of this Agreement and references to sub-sections and paragraphs are to sub-sections of the sections and paragraphs of the sub-sections in which they appear. 

10.4

Entire Agreement. 

This Agreement amends and restates the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement dated as of June 25, 2001 between Customer and Bank (the “Prior Agreement”), and the terms of this Agreement replace the terms of the Prior Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement. This Agreement, including any Schedules, Appendices, Annexes, Exhibits, and Riders (and any separate agreement which Bank and Customer may enter into with respect to the services provided under this Agreement), sets out the entire Agreement between the parties in connection with the subject matter, and, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, this Agreement supersedes any other agreement, statement, or representation relating to the services provided under this Agreement, whether oral or written. Amendments must be in writing and signed by both parties. For clarity, however, the continuation of any other agreements that reference the Prior Agreement is not intended to be affected by the fact of the amendment and restatement of the Prior Agreement by this Agreement, and reference in such agreements to the Prior Agreement shall be considered to be a reference to this Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement (provided that matters relating to the time period prior to the date of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Prior Agreement). 

10.5

Information Concerning Deposits at Bank. 

(a)

Under U.S. federal law, deposit accounts that the Customer maintains in Bank’s foreign branches (outside of the U.S.) are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.  In the event of Bank’s liquidation, foreign branch deposits have a lesser preference than U.S. deposits, and such foreign deposits are subject to cross-border risks. 

(b)

Bank’s London Branch is a participant in the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme (the "FSCS"), and the following terms apply to the extent any amount standing to the credit of the Cash Account is deposited in one or more deposit accounts at Bank’s London Branch.  The terms of the FSCS offer protection in connection with deposits to certain types of claimants to whom Bank’s London Branch provides services in the event that they suffer a financial loss as a direct consequence of Bank’s London Branch being unable to meet any of its obligations and, subject to the FSCS rules regarding eligible deposits, the Customer may have a right to claim compensation from the FSCS.  Subject to the FSCS rules, the maximum compensation payable by the FSCS, as at the date of this Agreement, in relation to eligible deposits is £85,000. 

(c)

In the event that Bank incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at a Subcustodian or other correspondent bank in regard to its global custody or trust businesses in the country where the Subcustodian or other correspondent bank is located, Bank may set such loss off against Customer’s Cash Account to the extent that such loss is directly attributable to Customer’s investments in that market. 

10.6

Confidentiality. 

The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially the terms and conditions of this Agreement and all information provided by each party to the other regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party shall be used by the other party solely for the purpose of rendering or obtaining services pursuant to this Agreement, and except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of such providing party. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than through a breach of this provision, or that is required to be disclosed by or to any regulatory authority, any external or internal accountant, auditor or counsels of the parties, by judicial or administrative process or otherwise by Applicable Law, or to any disclosure made by a party if such party’s counsel has advised that such party could be liable under any Applicable Law or any judicial or administrative order or process for failure to make such disclosure. 

10.7

Data Privacy and Security. 

Bank will implement and maintain a written information security program, in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations (including any similar international laws) applicable to Bank, that contains reasonable and appropriate security measures designed to safeguard the personal information of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, trustees and/or officers that Bank or any Subcustodian receives, stores, maintains, processes, transmits or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. In this regard, Bank will establish and maintain policies, procedures, and technical, physical, and administrative safeguards, designed to (i) ensure the security and confidentiality of all personal information and any other confidential information that Bank receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder, (ii) protect against any reasonably foreseeable threats or hazards to the security or integrity of personal information or other confidential information, (iii) protect against unauthorized access to or use of personal information or other confidential information, (iv) maintain reasonable procedures to detect and respond to any internal or external security breaches, and (v) ensure appropriate disposal of personal information or other confidential information.  

Bank will monitor and review its information security program and revise it, as necessary and in its sole discretion, to ensure it appropriately addresses any applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Bank shall periodically test and review its information security program.  

Bank shall respond to Customer’s reasonable requests for information concerning Bank’s information security program and, upon request, Bank will provide a copy of its applicable policies and procedures, or in Bank’s discretion, summaries thereof, to Customer, to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging information Bank reasonably believes to be proprietary or Bank confidential information. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer the information security program of Bank. Bank also agrees, upon reasonable request, to complete any security questionnaire provided by Customer to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging sensitive, proprietary, or Bank confidential information and return it in a commercially reasonable period of time (or provide an alternative response that reasonably addresses the points included in the questionnaire). Customer acknowledges that certain information provided by Bank, including internal policies and procedures, may be proprietary to Bank, and agrees to protect the confidentiality of all such materials it receives from Bank.  

Bank agrees to resolve promptly any applicable control deficiencies that come to its attention that do not meet the standards established by federal and state privacy and data security laws, rules, regulations, and/or generally accepted industry standards related to Bank’s information security program. 

Bank shall: (i) promptly notify Customer of any confirmed unauthorized access to personal information or other confidential information of Customer (“Breach of Security”); (ii) promptly furnish to Customer appropriate details of such Breach of Security and assist Customer in assessing the Breach of Security to the extent it is not privileged information or part of an investigation; (iii) reasonably cooperate with Customer in any litigation and investigation of third parties reasonably deemed necessary by Customer to protect its proprietary and other rights; (iv) use reasonable precautions to prevent a recurrence of a Breach of Security; and (v) take all reasonable and appropriate action to mitigate any potential harm related to a Breach of Security, including any reasonable steps requested by Customer that are practicable for Bank to implement. Nothing in the immediately preceding sentence shall obligate Bank to provide Customer with information regarding any of Bank’s other customers or clients that are affected by a Breach of Security, nor shall the immediately preceding sentence limit Bank’s ability to take any actions that Bank believes are appropriate to remediate any Breach of Security unless such actions would prejudice or otherwise limit Customer’s ability to bring its own claims or actions against third parties related to the Breach of Security. If Bank discovers or becomes aware of a suspected data or security breach that may involve an improper access, use, disclosure, or alteration of personal information or other confidential information of Customer, Bank shall, except to the extent prohibited by Applicable Law or directed otherwise by a governmental authority not to do so, promptly notify Customer that it is investigating a potential breach and keep Customer informed as reasonably practicable of material developments relating to the investigation until Bank either confirms that such a breach has occurred (in which case the first sentence of this paragraph will apply) or confirms that no data or security breach involving personal information or other confidential information of Customer has occurred. 

For these purposes, “personal information” shall mean (i) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (a) social security number, (b) driver’s license number, (c) state identification card number, (d) debit or credit card number, (e) financial account number, (f) passport number, or (g) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account or (ii) any combination of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account. This provision will survive termination or expiration of the Agreement for so long as Bank or any Subcustodian continues to possess or have access to personal information related to Customer. Notwithstanding the foregoing “personal information” shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public. 

10.8

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. 

Bank shall maintain and update from time to time business continuation and disaster recovery procedures with respect to its global custody business, which are designed, in the event of a significant business disruption affecting Bank, to be sufficient to enable Bank to resume and continue to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement without undue delay or disruption. Bank shall test the operability of such procedures at least annually. Bank shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to Customer and (ii) use of alternative electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer any business continuation and disaster recovery procedures of Bank. Bank represents that its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures are appropriate for its business as a global custodian to investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. 

10.9

Insurance. 

Bank shall not be required to maintain any insurance coverage for the benefit of Customer. 

10.10

Governing Law and Jurisdiction, Certification of Residency. 

This Agreement shall be construed, regulated, and administered under the laws of the United States or State of New York, as applicable, without regard to New York’s principles regarding conflict of laws. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction over any lawsuit or other judicial proceeding relating to or arising from this Agreement. If that court lacks federal subject matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Either of these courts shall have proper venue for any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding, and the parties waive any objection to venue or their convenience as a forum. The parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of any of the courts specified and to accept service of process to vest personal jurisdiction over them in any of these courts. The parties further hereby knowingly, voluntarily and intentionally waive, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any right to a trial by jury with respect to any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding arising or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Customer certifies that it is a resident of the United States and shall notify Bank of any changes in residency. Bank may rely upon this certification or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank’s obligations hereunder. Customer shall indemnify Bank against all losses, liability, claims or demands arising directly or indirectly from any such certifications. 

10.11

Severability and Waiver. 

(a)

If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect on the basis of any particular circumstances or in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision or provisions under other circumstances or in other jurisdictions and of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired. 

(b)

Except as otherwise provided herein, no failure or delay on the part of either party in exercising any power or right hereunder operates as a waiver, nor does any single or partial exercise of any power or right preclude any other or further exercise, or the exercise of any other power or right. No waiver by a party of any provision of this Agreement, or waiver of any breach or default, is effective unless in writing and signed by the party against whom the waiver is to be enforced. 

10.12

Counterparts. 

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and together shall constitute one and the same agreement. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above. 

[Signature page to follow.] 

  

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

By:  

/s/ Thomas J. Higgins 

  

Name: 

  

Thomas J. Higgins 

  

Title: 

  

Chief Financial Officer 

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

By: 

/s/ Teresa Heitsenrether 

  

Name: 

  

Teresa Heitsenrether 

  

Title: 

  

Managing Director 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

 

EXHIBIT 1 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard CMT Funds 

Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund 

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund 

Vanguard Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Government Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Government Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Government Bond Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Fund 

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund 

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Total Bond Market Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund 

  

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard International Growth Fund 

  

  

The terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement (except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2) apply with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund 

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund 

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Montgomery Funds 

Vanguard Market Neutral Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund  

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds 

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund  

Vanguard REIT Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Balanced Portfolio 

Capital Growth Portfolio 

Diversified Value Portfolio 

Equity Income Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Growth Portfolio 

International Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Small Company Growth Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund 

Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund  

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

 

APPENDIX 1 

Information Regarding Country Risk 

1.To aid Customer in its determinations regarding Country Risk, Bank shall furnish annually and upon the initial placing of Financial Assets and cash into a country the following information (check items applicable): 

A.Opinions of local counsel concerning: 

_X_i. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the access afforded Customer’s independent public accountants to books and records kept by an eligible foreign custodian located in that country. 

_X_ii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer’s ability to recover its Financial Assets and cash in the event of the bankruptcy of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in that country. 

_X_iii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer’s ability to recover Financial Assets that are lost while under the control of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in the country. 

B.Written information concerning: 

_X_i. The foreseeability of expropriation, nationalization, freezes, or confiscation of Customer’s Financial Assets. 

_X_ii. Whether difficulties in converting Customer’s cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars are reasonably foreseeable. 

C.A market report with respect to the following topics: 

(i) securities regulatory environment, (ii) foreign ownership restrictions, (iii) foreign exchange, (iv) securities settlement and registration, (v) taxation, and (vi) depositories (including depository evaluation), if any. 

2.To aid Customer in monitoring Country Risk, Bank shall furnish Customer the following additional information: 

Market flashes, including with respect to changes in the information in market reports. 

  

  

ANNEX A - Electronic Access 

1.Bank may permit the Customer and its Authorized Persons to access certain electronic systems and applications (collectively, the “Products”) and to access or receive electronically Data (as defined below) in connection with the Agreement.  Bank may, from time to time, introduce new features to the Products or otherwise modify or delete existing features of the Products in its sole discretion.  Bank shall endeavor to give the Customer reasonable notice of its termination or suspension of access to the Products, including suspension or cancelation of any User Codes, but may do so immediately if Bank determines, in its sole discretion, that providing access to the Products would violate Applicable Law or that the security or integrity of the Products is known or reasonably suspected to be at risk.  Access to the Products shall be subject to the Security Procedure.  

2.In consideration of the fees paid by the Customer to Bank and subject to any applicable software license addendum in relation to Bank-owned or sublicensed software provided for a particular application and Applicable Law, Bank grants to the Customer a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited and revocable license to use the Products and the information and data made available through the Products or transferred electronically (the “Data”) for the Customer’s internal business use only.  The Customer may download the Data and print out hard copies for its reference, provided that it does not remove any copyright or other notices contained therein.  The license granted herein will permit use by the Customer’s Authorized Person, provided that such use shall be in compliance with the Agreement, including this Annex.  The Customer acknowledges that elements of the Data, including prices, Corporate Action information, and reference data, may have been licensed by Bank from third parties and that any use of such Data beyond that authorized by the foregoing license, may require the permission of one or more third parties in addition to Bank. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 2, or elsewhere in this Annex, shall be deemed to give Bank or its licensors ownership of, or any rights in or to, any confidential information of the Customer, including as it may be accessible or receivable through the Products, and all rights in and to such information shall be retained exclusively by the Customer. 

3.The Customer acknowledges that there are security, cyberfraud, corruption, transaction error and access availability risks associated with using open networks such as the internet, and the Customer hereby expressly assumes such risks; for clarity, however, the foregoing shall not relieve Bank of its obligation under the first sentence of Section 4 of this Annex. The Customer is solely responsible for obtaining, maintaining and operating all systems, software (including antivirus software, anti-spyware software, and other internet security software) and personnel necessary for the Customer to access and use the Products. All such software must be interoperable with Bank’s software.  Each of the Customer and Bank shall be responsible for the proper functioning, maintenance and security of its own systems, services, software and other equipment. 

4.In cases where Bank’s website is unexpectedly down or otherwise unavailable, Bank shall, absent a force majeure event, provide other appropriate means for the Customer or its Authorized Persons to instruct Bank or obtain reports from Bank. Provided that Bank complies with its obligation to provide such other appropriate means, Bank shall not be liable for any Liabilities arising out of the Customer’s inability to access or use the Products via Bank’s website in the absence of Bank’s gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct.  

5.Use of the Products may be monitored, tracked, and recorded.  In using the Products, the Customer hereby expressly consents to such monitoring, tracking, and recording, and will ensure that all persons using the Products through or on behalf of Customer are advised of and have consented to this monitoring, tracking and recording, and Bank’s right to disclose data derived from such activity in accordance with the Agreement, including this Annex. Bank shall own all right, title and interest in the data reflecting Customer’s usage of the Products or Bank’s website (including, but not limited to, general usage

data and aggregated transaction data). For clarity, the foregoing shall not be deemed to give Bank ownership of, or any rights in or to, the Customer’s confidential information (whether or not in aggregated form), the use or disclosure of which shall at all times be subject to Section 10.6 of this Agreement other otherwise agreed to by the Parties. 

6.The Customer shall not knowingly use the Products to transmit (i) any virus, worm, or destructive element or any programs or data that may be reasonably expected to interfere with or disrupt the Products or servers connected to the Products; (ii) material that violates the rights of another, including but not limited to the intellectual property rights of another; and (iii) “junk mail”, “spam”, “chain letters” or unsolicited mass distribution of e-mail. 

7.The Customer shall promptly and accurately designate in writing to Bank the geographic location of its users upon written request.  The Customer further represents and warrants to Bank that the Customer shall not access the Products from any jurisdiction which Bank informs the Customer or where the Customer has actual knowledge that the Products are not authorized for use due to local regulations or laws, including applicable software export rules and regulations.  Prior to submitting any document which designates the persons authorized to act on the Customer’s behalf, the Customer shall obtain from each individual referred to in such document all necessary consents to enable Bank to process the data set out therein for the purposes of providing the Products. 

8.Bank and Customer will be subject to and shall comply with all Applicable Law concerning restricting collection, use, disclosure, processing and free movement of the Data (collectively, the “Privacy Regulations”).  The Privacy Regulations may include, as applicable, the Federal “Privacy of Consumer Financial Information” Regulation (12 CFR Part 40) and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Information Security Standards (App B to 12 CFR Part 30), as amended from time to time, issued pursuant to Section 504 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (15 U.S.C. §6801, et seq.), the Health and Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. §1320d), The Data Protection Act 1998 and Directive 95/46/EC, 2009/136/EC and 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as amended from time to time, and applicable implementing legislation in connection with  the protection of individuals with regard to processing of personal data and the free movement of such data. 

9.The Customer shall be responsible for the compliance of its Authorized Persons with the terms of the Agreement, including this Annex. 

  

  

SCHEDULE 1 – AGENT AND CASH NETWORK (CUSTODY & FUND SERVICES)  

MARKET 

SUBCUSTODIAN 

CASH CORRESPONDENT BANK 

ARGENTINA 

HSBC Bank Argentina S.A.
Bouchard 680, 9th Floor
C1106ABJ Buenos Aires
ARGENTINA 

HSBC Bank Argentina S.A.
Buenos Aires 

AUSTRALIA 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Level 31, 101 Collins Street
Melbourne 3000
AUSTRALIA 

Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd.
Melbourne 

AUSTRIA 

UniCredit Bank Austria AG
Julius Tandler Platz   3
A 1090 Vienna
AUSTRIA 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

BAHRAIN 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Road No 2832
Al Seef 428
BAHRAIN 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Al Seef 

BANGLADESH 

Standard Chartered Bank
Portlink Tower
Level 6, 67 Gulshan Avenue
Gulshan
Dhaka  1212
BANGLADESH 

Standard Chartered Bank
Dhaka 

BELGIUM 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
Central Plaza Building
Rue de Loxum, 25
7th Floor
1000 Brussels
BELGIUM 

J.P. Morgan A.G.**
Frankfurt am Main 

BERMUDA 

HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited
6 Front Street
Hamilton HM 11
BERMUDA 

HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited
Hamilton 

BOTSWANA 

Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited
5th Floor, Standard House
P.O. Box 496
Queens Road, The Mall
Gaborone
BOTSWANA 

Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited
Gaborone 

BRAZIL 

J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM**
Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 3729, Floor 06
Sao Paulo SP 04538 905
BRAZIL 

J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM**
Sao Paulo 

BULGARIA 

Citibank Europe plc
Serdika Offices
10th Floor
48 Sitnyakovo Blvd
Sofia 1505
BULGARIA 

ING Bank N.V.
Sofia 

CANADA 

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
1 York Street, Suite 900
Toronto Ontario M5J 0B6
CANADA

Royal Bank of Canada
155 Wellington Street West,
Toronto Ontario M5V 3L3
CANADA 

Royal Bank of Canada
Toronto 

CHILE 

Banco Santander Chile
Bandera 140, Piso 4
Santiago
CHILE 

Banco Santander Chile
Santiago 

CHINA A SHARE 

HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited
33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc
8 Century Avenue, Pudong
Shanghai 200120
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 

HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited
Shanghai 

CHINA B SHARE 

HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited
33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc
8 Century Avenue, Pudong
Shanghai 200120
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
New York

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Hong Kong 

CHINA CONNECT 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
48th Floor, One Island East
18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay
HONG KONG 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Hong Kong 

COLOMBIA 

Cititrust Colombia S.A.
Carrera 9 A #  99 02, 3rd floor
Bogota
COLOMBIA 

Cititrust Colombia S.A.
Bogotá 

*COSTA RICA* 

Banco BCT, S.A.
150 Metros Norte de la Catedral Metropolitana
Edificio BCT
San Jose
COSTA RICA 

Banco BCT, S.A.
San Jose 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

CROATIA 

Privredna banka Zagreb d.d.
Radnicka cesta 50
10000 Zagreb
CROATIA 

Zagrebacka banka d.d.
Zagreb 

CYPRUS 

HSBC Bank plc
109 111, Messogian Ave.
115 26 Athens
GREECE 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

CZECH REPUBLIC 

UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.
BB Centrum   FILADELFIE
Zeletavska 1525 1
140 92 Prague 1
CZECH REPUBLIC 

Ceskoslovenska obchodni banka, a.s.
Prague 

DENMARK 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Christiansbro
Strandgade 3
P.O. Box 850
DK 0900 Copenhagen
DENMARK 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Copenhagen 

EGYPT 

Citibank, N.A.
4 Ahmed Pasha Street
Garden City
Cairo
EGYPT 

Citibank, N.A.
Cairo 

ESTONIA 

Swedbank AS
Liivalaia 8
15040 Tallinn
ESTONIA 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

FINLAND 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Aleksis Kiven katu 3 5
FIN 00020 NORDEA Helsinki
FINLAND 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

FRANCE 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
3, rue d'Antin
75002 Paris
FRANCE 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

GERMANY 

Deutsche Bank AG
Alfred Herrhausen Allee 16 24
D 65760 Eschborn
GERMANY

J.P. Morgan AG#**
Taunustor 1 (TaunusTurm)
60310 Frankfurt am Main
GERMANY
# Custodian for local German custody clients only. 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

GHANA 

Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited
Accra High Street
P.O. Box 768
Accra
GHANA 

Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited
Accra 

GREECE 

HSBC Bank plc
Messogion 109 111
11526 Athens
GREECE 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

HONG KONG 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
48th Floor, One Island East
18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay
HONG KONG 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Hong Kong 

HUNGARY 

Deutsche Bank AG
Hold utca 27
H 1054 Budapest
HUNGARY 

ING Bank N.V.
Budapest 

*ICELAND* 

Islandsbanki hf.
Kirkjusandur 2
IS 155 Reykjavik
ICELAND 

Islandsbanki hf.
Reykjavik 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

INDIA 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
6th Floor, Paradigm ‘B’ Wing
Mindspace, Malad (West)
Mumbai 400 064
INDIA 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Mumbai 

INDONESIA 

PT Bank HSBC Indonesia
Menara Mulia 25th Floor
Jl. Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav. 9 11
Jakarta 12930
INDONESIA 

PT Bank HSBC Indonesia
Jakarta 

IRELAND 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf
London E14 5JP
UNITED KINGDOM 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

ISRAEL 

Bank Leumi le Israel B.M.
35, Yehuda Halevi Street
65136 Tel Aviv
ISRAEL 

Bank Leumi le Israel B.M.
Tel Aviv 

ITALY 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
Piazza Lina Bo Bardi, 3
20124 Milan
ITALY 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

JAPAN 

Mizuho Bank, Ltd.
2 15 1, Konan
Minato ku
Tokyo 108 6009
JAPAN

The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.
1 3 2 Nihombashi Hongoku cho
Chuo ku
Tokyo 103 0021
JAPAN 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Tokyo 

JORDAN 

Standard Chartered Bank
Shmeissani Branch
Al Thaqafa Street
Building # 2
P.O. Box 926190
Amman
JORDAN 

Standard Chartered Bank
Amman 

KAZAKHSTAN 

JSC Citibank Kazakhstan
Park Palace, Building A, Floor 2
41 Kazybek Bi
Almaty 050010
KAZAKHSTAN 

Subsidiary Bank Sberbank of Russia Joint Stock Company
Almaty 

KENYA 

Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited
Chiromo
48 Westlands Road
Nairobi 00100
KENYA 

Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited
Nairobi 

KUWAIT 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Kuwait City, Sharq Area
Abdulaziz Al Sager Street
Al Hamra Tower, 37F
Safat 13017
KUWAIT 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Safat 

LATVIA 

Swedbank AS
Balasta dambis 1a
Riga LV 1048
LATVIA 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

LITHUANIA 

AB SEB Bankas
12 Gedimino pr.
LT 2600 Vilnius
LITHUANIA 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

LUXEMBOURG 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
33, Rue de Gasperich
L 5826 Hesperange
LUXEMBOURG 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

*MALAWI* 

Standard Bank Limited, Malawi
1st Floor Kaomba House
Cnr Glyn Jones Road & Victoria Avenue
Blantyre
MALAWI 

Standard Bank Limited, Malawi
Blantyre 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

MALAYSIA 

HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
2 Leboh Ampang
12th Floor, South Tower
50100 Kuala Lumpur
MALAYSIA 

HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
Kuala Lumpur 

MAURITIUS 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
HSBC Centre
18 Cybercity
Ebene
MAURITIUS 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Ebene 

MEXICO 

Banco Nacional de Mexico, S.A.
Act. Roberto Medellin No. 800 3er Piso Norte
Colonia Santa Fe
01210 Mexico, D.F.
MEXICO 

Banco Santander (Mexico), S.A.
Mexico, D.F. 

MOROCCO 

Société Générale Marocaine de Banques
55 Boulevard Abdelmoumen
Casablanca 20100
MOROCCO 

Attijariwafa Bank S.A.
Casablanca 

NAMIBIA 

Standard Bank Namibia Limited
2nd Floor, Town Square Building
Corner of Werner List and Post Street Mall
P.O. Box 3327
Windhoek
NAMIBIA 

The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited
Johannesburg 

NETHERLANDS 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
Herengracht 595
1017 CE Amsterdam
NETHERLANDS 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

NEW ZEALAND 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Level 13, 2 Hunter Street
Wellington 6011
NEW ZEALAND 

Westpac Banking Corporation
Wellington 

NIGERIA 

Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc
Plot 1712
Idejo Street
Victoria Island
Lagos
NIGERIA 

Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc
Lagos 

NORWAY 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Essendropsgate 7
P.O. Box 1166
NO 0107 Oslo
NORWAY 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Oslo 

OMAN 

HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G.
2nd Floor Al Khuwair
P.O. Box 1727 PC 111
Seeb
OMAN 

HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G.
Seeb 

PAKISTAN 

Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited
P.O. Box 4896
Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar Road
Karachi 74000
PAKISTAN 

Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited
Karachi 

PERU 

Citibank del Perú S.A.
Av. Canaval y Moreryra 480 Piso 3
San Isidro
Lima 27
PERU 

Banco de Crédito del Perú
Lima 

PHILIPPINES 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
7/F HSBC Centre
3058 Fifth Avenue West
Bonifacio Global City
1634 Taguig City
PHILIPPINES 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Taguig City 

POLAND 

Bank Handlowy w. Warszawie S.A.
ul. Senatorska 16
00 923 Warsaw
POLAND 

mBank S.A.
Warsaw 

PORTUGAL 

BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.
Avenida D.João II, Lote 1.18.01, Bloco B,
7º andar
1998 028 Lisbon
PORTUGAL 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

QATAR 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
2nd Floor, Ali Bin Ali Tower
Building 150 (Airport Road)
P.O. Box 57
Doha
QATAR 

The Commercial Bank (P.Q.S.C.)
Doha 

ROMANIA 

Citibank Europe plc
145 Calea Victoriei
1st District
010072 Bucharest
ROMANIA 

ING Bank N.V.
Bucharest 

RUSSIA 

J.P. Morgan Bank International (Limited Liability Company)**
10, Butyrsky Val
White Square Business Centre
Floor 12
Moscow 125047
RUSSIA 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
New York 

SAUDI ARABIA 

HSBC Saudi Arabia
2/F HSBC Building
7267 Olaya Street North, Al Murooj
Riyadh 12283 2255
SAUDI ARABIA 

HSBC Saudi Arabia
Riyadh 

SERBIA 

Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d.
Rajiceva 27 29
11000 Belgrade
SERBIA 

Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d.
Belgrade 

SINGAPORE 

DBS Bank Ltd
10 Toh Guan Road
DBS Asia Gateway, Level 04 11 (4B)
608838
SINGAPORE 

Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation
Singapore 

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 

UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, a.s.
Sancova 1/A
SK 813 33 Bratislava
SLOVAK REPUBLIC 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

SLOVENIA 

UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d.
Smartinska 140
SI 1000 Ljubljana
SLOVENIA 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

SOUTH AFRICA 

FirstRand Bank Limited
1 Mezzanine Floor, 3 First Place, Bank City
Cnr Simmonds and Jeppe Streets
Johannesburg 2001
SOUTH AFRICA 

The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited
Johannesburg 

SOUTH KOREA 

Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited
47 Jongro, Jongro Gu
Seoul 03160
SOUTH KOREA

Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd.
84, Namdaemun ro, Jung gu
Seoul 100 845
SOUTH KOREA 

Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited
Seoul



Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd.
Seoul 

SPAIN 

Santander Securities Services, S.A.
Ciudad Grupo Santander
Avenida de Cantabria, s/n
Edificio Ecinar, planta baja
Boadilla del Monte
28660 Madrid
SPAIN 

J.P. Morgan AG**
Frankfurt am Main 

SRI LANKA 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
24 Sir Baron Jayatillaka Mawatha
Colombo 1
SRI LANKA 

The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
Colombo 

SWEDEN 

Nordea Bank AB (publ)
Hamngatan 10
SE 105 71 Stockholm
SWEDEN 

Svenska Handelsbanken
Stockholm 

SWITZERLAND 

UBS Switzerland AG
45 Bahnhofstrasse
8021 Zurich
SWITZERLAND 

UBS Switzerland AG
Zurich 

TAIWAN 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
8th Floor, Cathay Xin Yi Trading Building
No. 108, Section 5, Xin Yi Road
Taipei 11047
TAIWAN 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Taipei 

*TANZANIA* 

Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited
Stanbic Centre
Corner Kinondoni and A.H. Mwinyi Roads
P.O. Box 72648
Dar es Salaam
TANZANIA 

Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited
Dar es Salaam 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

THAILAND 

Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited
14th Floor, Zone B
Sathorn Nakorn Tower
90 North Sathorn Road Bangrak
Silom, Bangrak
Bangkok 10500
THAILAND 

Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public Company Limited
Bangkok 

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 

Republic Bank Limited
9 17 Park Street
Port of Spain
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 

Republic Bank Limited
Port of Spain 

TUNISIA 

Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie, S.A.
70 72 Avenue Habib Bourguiba
P.O. Box 520
Tunis 1000
TUNISIA 

Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie, S.A.
Tunis 

TURKEY 

Citibank A.S.
Inkilap Mah., Yilmaz Plaza
O. Faik Atakan Caddesi No: 3
34768 Umraniye, Istanbul
TURKEY 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
Istanbul 

UGANDA 

Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited
5 Speke Road
P.O. Box 7111
Kampala
UGANDA 

Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited
Kampala 

*UKRAINE* 

PJSC Citibank
16 G Dilova Street
03150 Kiev
UKRAINE 

PJSC Citibank
Kiev

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
New York 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES   ADX 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5
P.O. Box 502601
Dubai
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 

The National Bank of Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES   DFM 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5
P.O. Box 502601
Dubai
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 

The National Bank of Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES   NASDAQ DUBAI 

HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5
P.O. Box 502601
Dubai
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. **
New York 

UNITED KINGDOM 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf
London E14 5JP
UNITED KINGDOM

Deutsche Bank AG Depository and Clearing Centre
10 Bishops Square
London E1 6EG
UNITED KINGDOM 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
London



Varies by currency 

UNITED STATES 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
4 New York Plaza
New York NY 10004
UNITED STATES 

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
New York 

URUGUAY 

Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A.
Zabala 1463
11000 Montevideo
URUGUAY 

Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A.
Montevideo 

VENEZUELA 

Citibank, N.A.
Avenida Casanova
Centro Comercial El Recreo
Torre Norte, Piso 19
Caracas 1050
VENEZUELA 

Citibank, N.A.
Caracas 

VIETNAM 

HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.
Centre Point
106 Nguyen Van Troi Street
Phu Nhuan District
Ho Chi Minh City
VIETNAM 

HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.
Ho Chi Minh City 

*WAEMU BENIN, BURKINA FASO, GUINEA BISSAU, IVORY COAST, MALI, NIGER, SENEGAL, TOGO* 

Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire SA
23 Boulevard de la Republique 1
01 B.P. 1141
Abidjan 17
IVORY COAST 

Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire SA
Abidjan 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

ZAMBIA 

Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc
Standard Chartered House
Cairo Road
P.O. Box 32238
Lusaka 10101
ZAMBIA 

Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc
Lusaka 

*ZIMBABWE* 

Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited
Stanbic Centre, 3rd Floor
59 Samora Machel Avenue
Harare
ZIMBABWE 

Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited
Harare 

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.  PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION* 

  

  

  

** J.P. Morgan affiliate 

Correspondent banks are listed for information only. 

  

  

  

This document is for information only and its contents are subject to change.  This document is intended neither to influence your investment decisions nor to amend or supplement any agreement governing your relations with J.P. Morgan. Neither this document nor any of its contents may be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the proper written consent of J.P. Morgan.  J.P. Morgan has gathered the information from a source it considers reliable, however, it cannot be responsible for inaccuracies, incomplete information or updating of the information furnished hereby. 

  

  

SCHEDULE 3 – SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES 

Market 

Depository 

Instruments 

ARGENTINA 

CVSA
(Caja de Valores S.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

AUSTRALIA 

ASX Settlement
(ASX Settlement Pty Limited)

Austraclear
(Austraclear Limited) 

Equity


Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

AUSTRIA 

OeKB CSD GmbH
(Oesterreichische Kontrollbank CSD GmbH) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

BAHRAIN 

CSD
(Bahrain Bourse - Clearing, Settlement and Central Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

BANGLADESH 

BB
(Bangladesh Bank)

CDBL
(Central Depository Bangladesh Limited) 

Government Debt


Equity, Corporate Debt 

BELGIUM 

Euroclear Belgium
(Euroclear Belgium SA/NV)

NBB
(The National Bank of Belgium) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

BERMUDA 

BSD
(Bermuda Stock Exchange - Bermuda Securities Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

BOTSWANA 

BoB
(Bank of Botswana)

CSDB
(Central Securities Depository of Botswana Ltd) 

Government Debt


Equity, Corporate Debt 

BRAZIL 

BM&FBOVESPA
(B3 S.A. -  BM&FBOVESPA)

CETIP
(B3 S.A. - CETIP)

SELIC
(Banco Central do Brasil - Sistema Especial de Liquidação e Custódia) 

Equity


Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

BULGARIA 

CDAD
(Central Depository AD)

BNB
(Bulgarian National Bank) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

CANADA 

CDS Clearing
(CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CHILE 

DCV
(Depósito Central de Valores S.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CHINA A-SHARE 

CSDCC
(China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited)

SCH
(Shanghai Clearing House)

CCDC
(China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt



Short-term Corporate Debt


Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CHINA B-SHARE 

CSDCC
(China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited) 

Equity 

CHINA CONNECT 

HKSCC - for China Connect
(Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited) 

Equity 

COLOMBIA 

DCV
(Banco de la Républica de Colombia - Depósito Central de Valores)

DECEVAL
(Depósito Centralizado de Valores de Colombia S.A.) 

Government Debt



Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

COSTA RICA 

InterClear
(InterClear, S.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CROATIA 

SKDD
(Središnje klirinško depozitarno društvo d.d.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CYPRUS 

CDCR
(Cyprus Stock Exchange - Central Depository and Central Registry) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

CZECH REPUBLIC 

CNB
(Ceská národní banka)

CDCP
(Centrální depozitár cenných papíru, a.s.) 

Short-Term Corporate Debt, Short-Term Government Debt

Equity, Long-Term Corporate Debt, Long-Term Government Debt 

DENMARK 

VP
(VP Securities A/S) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

EGYPT 

MCDR
(Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry)

CBE
(Central Bank of Egypt) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds



Treasury Bills 

ESTONIA 

ECSD
(Eesti Väärtpaberikeskus AS) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

FINLAND 

Euroclear Finland
(Euroclear Finland Oy) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

FRANCE 

Euroclear France
(Euroclear France SA) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

GERMANY 

CBF
(Clearstream Banking AG) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

GHANA 

CSD
(Central Securities Depository (GH) Ltd.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

GREECE 

BoG
(Bank of Greece)

ATHEXCSD
(Hellenic Central Securities Depository) 

Government Debt


Equity, Corporate Debt 

HONG KONG 

HKSCC
(Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited)

CMU
(Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Central Moneymarkets Unit) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt



Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

HUNGARY 

KELER
(Központi Elszámolóház és Értéktár (Budapest) Zrt.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

ICELAND 

Nasdaq CSD Iceland hf.
(Nasdaq verðbréfamiðstöð hf.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

INDIA 

NSDL
(National Securities Depository Limited)

CDSL
(Central Depository Services (India) Limited)

RBI
(Reserve Bank of India) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Equity, Corporate Debt



Government Debt 

INDONESIA 

KSEI
(PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia)

BI
(Bank Indonesia) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt*
(*acts as sub-registry)

Government Debt 

INTERNATIONAL SECURITIES MARKET 

Euroclear Bank
(Euroclear Bank SA/NV)

CBL
(Clearstream Banking S.A.) 

Internationally Traded Debt, Equity


Internationally Traded Debt, Equity 

IRELAND 

EUI
(Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

ISRAEL 

TASE-CH
(Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House Ltd.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

ITALY 

Monte Titoli
(Monte Titoli S.p.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

JAPAN 

JASDEC
(Japan Securities Depository Center, Incorporated)

BOJ
(Bank of Japan) 

Equity, Corporate Debt



Government Debt 

JORDAN 

SDC
(Securities Depository Center) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

KAZAKHSTAN 

KACD
(Central Securities Depository Joint-Stock Company) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

KENYA 

CDS
(Central Bank of Kenya - Central Depository System)

CDSC
(Central Depository and Settlement Corporation Limited) 

Government Debt



Equity, Corporate Debt 

KUWAIT 

KCC
(The Kuwait Clearing Company K.S.C.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

LATVIA 

LCD
(Latvian Central Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

LITHUANIA 

CSDL
(Central Securities Depository of Lithuania) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

LUXEMBOURG 

CBL
(Clearstream Banking S.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

MALAYSIA 

Bursa Depository
(Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn Bhd)

BNM
(Bank Negara Malaysia) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

MAURITIUS 

CDS
(Central Depository & Settlement Co. Ltd)

BOM
(Bank of Mauritius) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

MEXICO 

Indeval
(S.D. Indeval S.A. de C.V.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

MOROCCO 

Maroclear
(Maroclear) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

NETHERLANDS 

Euroclear Nederland
(Euroclear Nederland) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

NEW ZEALAND 

NZCSD
(New Zealand Central Securities Depository Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

NIGERIA 

CSCS
(Central Securities Clearing System Plc)

CBN
(Central Bank of Nigeria) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

NORWAY 

VPS
(Verdipapirsentralen ASA) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

OMAN 

MCD
(Muscat Clearing and Depository Co. (S.A.O.C)) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

PAKISTAN 

SBP
(State Bank of Pakistan)

CDC
(Central Depository Company of Pakistan Limited) 

Government Debt


Equity, Corporate Debt 

PERU 

CAVALI
(CAVALI S.A. I.C.L.V.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

PHILIPPINES 

PDTC
(Philippine Depository and Trust Corporation)

RoSS
(Bureau of Treasury - Registry of Scripless Securities) 

Equity, Corporate Debt



Government Debt 

POLAND 

KDPW
(Krajowy Depozyt Papierów Wartosciowych S.A.)

RPW
(National Bank of Poland - Registry of Securities) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Long-Term Government Debt


Short-Term Government Debt 

PORTUGAL 

INTERBOLSA
(Sociedade Gestora de Sistemas de Liquidação e de Sistemas Centralizados de Valores Mobiliários, S.A.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

QATAR 

QCSD
(Qatar Central Securities Depository) 

Equity, Government Debt 

ROMANIA 

CD S.A.
(Central Depository S.A.)

NBR
(National Bank of Romania) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

RUSSIA 

NSD
(National Settlement Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SAUDI ARABIA 

SDCC
(Securities Depository Center Company) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SERBIA 

CSD
(Central Securities Depository and Clearing House) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SINGAPORE 

CDP
(The Central Depository (Pte) Limited)

MAS
(Monetary Authority of Singapore) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Securities

Government Securities 

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 

CDCP
(Centrálny depozitár cenných papierov SR, a.s.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SLOVENIA 

KDD
(Centralna klirinško depotna družba d.d.) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SOUTH AFRICA 

Strate
(Strate (Pty) Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SOUTH KOREA 

KSD
(Korea Securities Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SPAIN 

IBERCLEAR
(Sociedad de Sistemas) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SRI LANKA 

CDS
(Central Depository Systems (Pvt.) Ltd.)

LankaSecure
(Central Bank of Sri Lanka - LankaSecure) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

SWEDEN 

Euroclear Sweden
(Euroclear Sweden AB) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

SWITZERLAND 

SIS
(SIX SIS AG) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

TAIWAN 

TDCC
(Taiwan Depository and Clearing Corporation)

CBC
(Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)) 

Equity, Corporate Debt



Government Debt 

TANZANIA 

CDS
(Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange Central Depository System) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

THAILAND 

TSD
(Thailand Securities Depository Company Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 

TTCD
(Trinidad and Tobago Central Depository Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

TUNISIA 

Tunisie Clearing
(Tunisie Clearing) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

TURKEY 

CBRT
(Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi A.S.)

CRA
(Merkezi Kayit Kurulusu A.S.) 

Government Debt



Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

UGANDA 

CSD
(Bank of Uganda - Central Securities Depository)

SCD
(Uganda Securities Exchange - Securities Central Depository) 

Government Debt



Equity, Corporate Debt 

UKRAINE 

NDU
(National Depository of Ukraine) 

Equity, Corporate Debt 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - ADX 

ADX
(Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - DFM 

DFM
(Dubai Financial Market) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - NASDAQ DUBAI 

NASDAQ Dubai
(NASDAQ Dubai Limited) 

Corporate Debt 

UNITED KINGDOM 

EUI
(Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

UNITED STATES 

FRB
(Federal Reserve Bank)

DTC
(Depository Trust Company) 

Government Debt, Mortgage Backed Securities

Equity, Corporate Debt 

URUGUAY 

BCU
(Banco Central del Uruguay) 

Government Debt 

VENEZUELA 

CVV
(Caja Venezolana de Valores, S.A.)

BCV
(Banco Central de Venezuela) 

Equity, Corporate Debt


Government Debt 

VIETNAM 

VSD
(Vietnam Securities Depository) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

WAEMU - BENIN, BURKINA FASO, GUINEA-BISSAU, IVORY COAST, MALI, NIGER, SENEGAL, TOGO 

DC/BR
(Le Dépositaire Central / Banque de Règlement) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt 

ZAMBIA 

LuSE CSD
(Lusaka Stock Exchange Central Shares Depository)

BoZ
(Bank of Zambia) 

Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds



Government Debt 

ZIMBABWE 

CDC
(Chengetedzai Depository Company Limited) 

Equity 

  

  

  

  

  

  

This document is for information only and its contents are subject to change.  This document is intended neither to influence your investment decisions nor to amend or supplement any agreement governing your relations with J.P. Morgan. Neither this document nor any of its contents may be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the proper written consent of J.P. Morgan.  J.P. Morgan has gathered the information from a source it considers reliable, however, it cannot be responsible for inaccuracies, incomplete information or updating of the information furnished hereby. 

  

  

  

  

 

EXHIBIT 1—Amendment 2 

  

The following is an amendment, dated as of December 22, 2017 (“Amendment”), to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”).  This Amendment serves to update the names of the Trusts and certain of their portfolios (each, a “Fund”) listed on Exhibit 1.  Bank and Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the following Trusts and Funds listed below.  Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.  

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund 

Vanguard REIT Index Fund 

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

  

  

  

  

  

(Rest of page left intentionally blank) 

  

  

  

  

  

  

 

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund 

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund 

  

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard REIT Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

  

  

  

  

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Telecommunications Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

(Rest of page left intentionally blank) 

  

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

  

  

  

  

/s/ Thomas J. Higgins 

By: 

  

By:  

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

  

  

Name: 

Thomas J. Higgins 

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

  

  

Title: 

Chief Financial Officer 

  

  

  

 

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

  

The following is an amendment, dated July __, 2018, (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”).  For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 

  

1.

Information Concerning Deposits at Bank.  Section 10.5(c) of the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

(c) In the event that (i) Bank incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at a Subcustodian or other correspondent bank in regard to its global custody or trust businesses in the country where the Subcustodian or other correspondent bank is located or (ii) J.P. Morgan Bank International LLC incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at its correspondent bank in Russia in regard to its direct custody business, Bank may set such loss off against Customer’s Cash Account to the extent that such loss is directly attributable to Customer’s investments in that market. 

  

2.

Exhibit 1.  Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund 

Vanguard REIT Index Fund 

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard ESG Stock ETF 

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF 

  

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund 

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard REIT Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Telecommunications Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

3.

Miscellaneous.  Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.   

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

(Rest of page left intentionally blank) 

  

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

  

/s/ Brian Eckert 

  

  

  

/s/ Thomas J. Higgins 

By: 

  

By: 

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

Brian Eckert 

  

Name: 

Thomas J. Higgins 

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

Executive Director 

  

Title: 

Chief Financial Officer 

  

  

  

 

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

  

The following is an amendment, dated October _2_, 2018, (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”).  For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 

  

  

1.

Exhibit 1.  Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF 

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF 

  

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund 

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

2.

Miscellaneous.  Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.   

  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

  

/s/ Alan Liang 

  

  

  

/s/ John Bendl 

By:                      

  

By: 

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

Alan Liang 

  

Name: 

John Bendl  

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

Vice President 

  

Title: 

Chief Accounting Officer 

Controller  

  

  

  

 

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

  

The following is an amendment, dated April _9_, 2019, (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”).  For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 

  

  

3.

Exhibit 1.  Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund  

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF 

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF 

  

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund 

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

4.

Miscellaneous.  Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.   

  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

  

/s/ Carl Mehldau 

  

  

  

/s/ Thomas J. Higgins 

By: 

  

By: 

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

Carl Mehldau 

  

Name: 

Thomas J. Higgins 

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

Vice President 

  

Title: 

Chief Financial Officer 

  

  

  

  

 

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

  

The following is an amendment, dated August _12_, 2019, (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”).  For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 

  

  

5.

Exhibit 1.  Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard International Core Stock Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund  

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

REIT Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF 

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF 

  

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Capital Value Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund 

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

6.

Miscellaneous.  Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.   

  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

  

/s/ Carl Mehldau 

  

  

  

/s/ Peter C. Mahoney 

By: 

  

By: 

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

Carl Mehldau 

  

Name: 

Peter C. Mahoney 

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

Vice President 

  

Title: 

Controller  

  

  

  

 

AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT 

  

The following is an amendment, dated August 6, 2020, (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows: 

  

  

7.

Exhibit 1.  Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund 

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund  

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

Vanguard GNMA Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard International Core Stock Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard Core Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund 

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund  

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund 

Vanguard STAR Fund 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund 

Vanguard Managed Allocation Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Conservative Allocation Portfolio 

Equity Index Portfolio 

Global Bond Index Portfolio 

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Moderate Allocation Portfolio 

Real Estate Index Portfolio 

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio 

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard International Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund 

Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF 

Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF 

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF 

  

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions: 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Explorer Fund 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

Vanguard Equity Income Fund 

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund 

Vanguard Global Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund 

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Value Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds  

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund 

Vanguard Energy Fund 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund 

Vanguard International Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio 

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio 

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Real Estate Index Portfolio 

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio 

Vanguard International Portfolio 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund 

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund 

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund 

Vanguard Selected Value Fund 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

Vanguard Windsor Fund 

Vanguard Windsor II Fund 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund 

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund 

Vanguard Energy Index Fund 

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 

Vanguard Financials Index Fund 

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund 

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund 

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund 

Vanguard Materials Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund 

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund 

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund 

  

8.

Miscellaneous.  Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.   

  

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.  

  

  

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. 

  

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO 

  

By:  

/s/ Carl Mehldau 

  

By:        

/s/ John Bendl 

  

  

  

  

  

Name: 

Carl Mehldau 

  

Name: 

John Bendl 

  

  

  

  

  

Title: 

Vice President 

  

Title: 

Chief Financial Officer  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED FUNDS’ SERVICE AGREEMENT 

  

This Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, made as of the 8th day of June, 2009 (the “Agreement”), between and among the investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), whose names are set forth on the signature page of this Agreement, which together with any additional investment companies which may become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 and 5.5 are collectively called the “Funds”; and The Vanguard Group, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Service Company”). 

Whereas, each of the Funds has heretofore determined (as evidenced by, among many documents, prior versions* of this Agreement (the “Prior Agreements”), and by prospectuses and proxy statements of the Funds related thereto): (i) to manage and perform the corporate management, administrative and share distribution functions required for its continued operation, (ii) to create a structure which enhances the independence of the Funds from the providers of external services, (iii) to share, on an equitable and fair basis, with all of the other Funds the expenses of establishing the means to accomplish these objectives at the lowest reasonable cost; and 

Whereas, each of the Funds:  (i) has heretofore determined that these objectives can best be accomplished by establishing a company: (a) to be wholly-owned by the Funds; (b) to provide corporate management, administrative, and distribution services, and upon the reasonable request of any Fund to provide other service to such Fund at cost; (c) to employ the executive, managerial, administrative, secretarial and clerical personnel necessary or appropriate to perform such services; and (d) to acquire such assets and to obtain such facilities and equipment as are necessary or appropriate to carry out such services, and to make those assets available to the Funds; and (ii) since May 1, 1975 (or the commencement of its operations after this date) has utilized Service Company, pursuant to the provisions of the Prior Agreements; and 

Whereas, each of the Funds has further heretofore recognized that it may, from time to time, be in the best interests of the Funds (i) for Service Company to provide similar services to investment companies other than the Funds, (ii) for the Funds to organize, from time to time, new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement; and, (iii) for Service Company to engage in business activities (directly or through subsidiaries), supportive of the Funds’ operations as investment companies; and 

Whereas, each of the Funds desires to enter into a completely integrated Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement with the other Funds to (i) set forth the current terms and provisions of the relationships which the Funds have determined to establish; and (ii) make non-substantive amendments to the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, including correcting the names of the Funds set forth on the signature page of this Agreement. 

Now, Therefore, each Fund agrees with each and all of the other Funds, and with Service Company, as follows:  

  

  

  

I.

CAPITALIZATION AND ASSETS OF SERVICE COMPANY 

  

1

Capital and Assets.  To provide the Service Company with the cash and with the office space, facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees: 

A

To make cash investments in the Service Company as provided in Sections 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4. 

B

To assign and transfer to Service Company on and after May 1, 1975 any and all right, title and interest which the Funds may have in any office facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities and in any other assets which Service Company may develop or acquire, subject only to the rights reserved in Section 1.6 (concerning certain major assets).  Section 5.2 (concerning rights upon withdrawal) and Section 5.3 (concerning rights upon termination) of the Agreement. 

2

Cash Investments in Service Company.To provide Service Company with such cash as may be necessary or appropriate from time to time to accomplish the purposes of the Funds and to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees to purchase, for cash, shares of common stock of Service Company (“Shares”) or such other securities of Service Company (hereafter referred to as “other securities”) upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares adopting a resolution setting forth the terms and provisions of the purchase.  Provided, however, that: 

A

Without the consent of all of the Funds, the date for the purchase of Shares or other securities shall not be less than 15 days following the date on which the resolution is approved by the shareholders. 

B

The cash purchase price to be paid by any Fund for the Shares or other securities, expressed as a percentage of the total purchase price for the additional securities to be paid by all of the Funds shall not exceed the percentage which the then current net assets of the Fund bears to the aggregate current net assets of all of the Funds as of the most recent month-end preceding the purchase date. 

3

Periodic Adjustments of Cash Investments.  To maintain and re-establish periodically a fair and proportionate ratio of cash investments by each Fund in the Service Company as compared to its then current net assets, each Fund agrees to purchase from one or more of the other Funds, or to sell one or more of the Funds, sufficient Shares or other securities to re-establish the ratio. 

A

Such purchases and sales shall be made (1) as of the last business day of any month upon the addition or withdrawal of any Fund as a party to this Agreement, provided that if the addition or withdrawal of a Fund creates no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors), and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made, the adjustment may be deferred until the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year; (2) in connection with additional investments pursuant to Section 1.2; and (3) annually as of the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year, on a date fixed by Service Company’s Board of Directors within 90 days after the close of the fiscal year unless there is no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors) and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made. 

B

The cash purchases and sale price of the Share or other securities shall be for each Fund (1) in the case of Shares, the fair market value of Shares determined in accord with generally accepted accounting principles and procedures established by the Board of Directors of Service Company; and (2) in the case of debt securities, the face value thereof. 

C

Unless specifically required by applicable law, the issuance and transfer of Shares or other securities of Service Company, and the cash investments of the Funds in Service Company, may be evidenced by proper records of Service Company; and no certificates need be issued. 

1.4 Limitation Upon Funds’ Obligations to Make Cash Investments or Purchases.  Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 above, no Fund shall be obligated to purchase Shares or other securities of Service Company if, as a result of such purchase the Fund would thereby have invested in cash a total of more than 0.40% of its then current net assets in Shares or other securities of Service Company. 

1.5 Restrictions on Transfer of Shares or Other Securities.    Each Fund agrees that it will not, without the written consent of all other parties to this Agreement, transfer or dispose of or encumber any of its Shares or other securities of Service Company except as provided in this Agreement, and that, if issued, each certificate for Shares or other securities of Service Company will be stamped with a legend referring to this restriction. 

1.6 Assets of Service Company.The Funds agree that Service Company may acquire, by purchase or lease, office space, furniture, equipment, supplies, files, records, computer hardware and software, and other assets necessary or appropriate for the discharge of the Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder.  Each of the Funds hereby assigns and transfers to Service Company, any and all right, title and interest that it may have or hereafter acquire in any such assets, subject to the rights of each Fund (A) to receive the then fair value of such assets upon the purchase or sale of Shares pursuant to this Agreement, (B) to the continued use of such assets in the administration of the business affairs of a Fund so long as the Fund remains a party to this Agreement. 

1.7 Borrowing by Service Company.    The Funds agree that Service Company may borrow money, and may issue a note or other security in connection with such borrowing, as long as such borrowing, is in connection with the discharge of Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder and is undertaken in accord with procedures approved by the Service Company’s Board of Directors. 

  

II

SERVICES TO BE OBTAINED INDEPENDENTLY BY EACH FUND 

  

1

Services and Expenses. Each Fund shall, at its own expense, obtain from Service Company or an outside vendor (as that Fund’s Board of Trustees shall determine): 

A

Services of an independent public accountant. 

B

Services of outside legal counsel. 

C

Transfer agency services, including “shareholder services.” 

D

Custodian, registrar and dividend disbursing services. 

E

Brokerage fees, commissions and transfer taxes in connection with the purchase and sale of securities for its investment portfolio. 

F

Investment advisory services. 

G

Taxes and other fees applicable to its operations. 

H

Costs incident to its annual or special meetings of shareholders, including but not limited to legal and accounting fees, and the preparations, printing and mailing of proxy materials. 

I

Trustees’ fees. 

J

Costs incurred in the continued maintenance of its corporate existence, including reports to shareholders and government agencies, and the expenses, if any, attributable to the registration of the Fund’s shares with Federal and state regulatory authorities. 

K

And, in general and except as provided in Section 3.2(B), any other costs directly attributable to and identified with a particular Fund or Funds rather than all Funds which are parties to this Agreement. 

2.2 Disbursement of Payment for These Services.   Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.1 above, Service Company may, as agent for any Fund, disburse to third parties payments for any of the foregoing services or expenses.  Each Fund shall reimburse Service Company promptly for such disbursements made on behalf of the Fund. 

  

III

SERVICES PROVIDED BY AND EXPENSES OF SERVICE COMPANY 

  

1

Services to be Provided to Funds.  Service Company shall with respect to each Fund, subject to the direction and control of the Board of Trustees and officers of the Fund: 

A

Manage, administer and/or conduct the general business activities of the Fund. 

B

Provide the personnel and obtain the office space, facilities and equipment necessary to perform such general business activities under the direction of the Funds’ executive officers (who may also be officers of Service Company) who will have the full responsibility for the general management of these functions. 

C

Establish wholly-owned subsidiaries, and supervise the management and operations of such subsidiaries, as are necessary or appropriate to carry on or support the business activities of the Fund; and authorize such subsidiaries to perform such other functions for the Fund, including organizing new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 or Section 5.5, as Service Company’s Board of Directors shall determine.   

No provisions hereof shall prohibit the Service Company from performing such additional services to the Fund as the Fund’s Board of Trustees may appropriately request and which two-thirds of the shareholders of the Service Company shall approve. 

3.2 Expenses of Operation of Service Company.  Each of the Funds agrees to pay to the Service Company, within 10 days after the last business day of each month or at such other time as agreed to by the Fund and the Service Company, the Fund’s portion of the actual costs of operation of Service Company for each monthly period, or for such other period as is agreed upon, during which the Fund is a party to this Agreement. 

A.  Corporate Management and Administrative Expenses. A Fund’s portion of the cost of operation of Service Company shall mean its share of the direct and indirect expenses of Service Company’s providing corporate management and administrative services, including distribution services of an administrative nature, as allocated among the Funds with Allocation of indirect costs based on one or more of the following methods of allocation: 

(1

Net Assets:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the value of each Fund’s net assets, computed as a percentage of the value of total net assets of all Funds receiving services from Service Company, determined at the end of the last preceding monthly period. 

(2

Personnel Time:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon a summary by each Fund of the time spent by each employee who works directly on the affairs of one or more of the Funds, computed as a percentage of the total time spent by such employee on the affairs of all of the Funds. 

(3

Shareholder Accounts:  The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the number of each Fund’s shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts, measured over a period of time, relative to the total number of shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts for all Funds receiving number of portfolio transactions for all Funds receiving services from the Service Company during such period. 

(4

Such other methods of allocation as may be approved by the Board of Directors of the Service Company based upon its determination that the allocation method is fair to each Fund in view of (i) the nature, amount and purpose of the expenditure, (ii) the benefits, if any, to be derived directly by each Fund relative to the benefits derived by other Funds, (iii) the need or desirability for the Funds as a group to provide competitive investment programs and services at competitive prices for the group to survive and grow, (iv) the benefits which each Fund derives by being a member of a strong Fund group, and (v) such other factors as the Board considers relevant to the specific expenditure and allocation. 

B

Distribution Expenses. Each of the Funds expressly agrees to pay to Service Company, as requested, the Fund’s portion of the actual cost of distributing shares of the Funds, which shall mean its share of all of the direct and indirect expenses of a marketing and promotional nature including, but not limited to, advertising, sales literature, and sales personnel, as well as expenditures on behalf of any newly organized registered investment company which is to become a party of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4. The cost of distributing shares of the Funds shall not include distribution-related expenses of an administrative nature, which shall be allocated among the Funds pursuant to Section 3.2(A). Distribution expenses of a marketing and promotional nature shall be allocated among the Funds in the manner approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Investment Company Act Release No. 11645 (Feb. 25, 1981): 

(1

50% of these expenses will be allocated based upon each Fund’s average month-end assets during the preceding quarter relative to the average month-end assets during the preceding quarter of the Funds as a group. 

(2

50% of these expenses will be allocated initially among the Funds based upon each Fund’s sales for the 24 months ended with the last day of the preceding quarter relative to the sales of the Funds as a group for the same period. (Shares issued pursuant to a reorganization shall be excluded from the sales of a Fund and the Funds as a group.) 

(3

Provided, however, that no Fund’s aggregate quarterly contribution for distribution expenses, expressed as a percentage of its assets, shall exceed 125% of the average expenses for the Funds as a Group, expressed as a percentage of the total assets of the Funds. Expenses not charged to a particular Fund(s) because of this 125% limitation shall be reallocated to other Funds on iterative basis; and that no Fund’s annual expenses for distribution shall exceed 0.2% of its average month-end net assets.  

  

IV

CONCERNING THE SERVICE COMPANY 

  

1

Name.   Each Fund acknowledge and agrees: 

A

That the name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”, and any variants thereof used to identify (1) the Funds as a group, (2) any Fund as a member of a group being served by Service Company, or (3) any other person as being served or related to Service Company (whether now in existence or hereafter created), shall be the sole and exclusive property of Service Company, its affiliates, and its successors. 

B

That Service Company shall have the sole and exclusive right to permit the use of said name or variants thereof so long as this Agreement or any amendments thereto are effective. 

C

That upon its withdrawal from this Agreement and upon the written request of Service Company, the Fund shall cease to use, or in any way to refer to itself as related to, “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variant thereof. 

The foregoing agreements on the part of each Fund are hereby made binding upon it, its trustees, officers, shareholders and creditors and all other persons claiming under or through it. 

2

Services to Others.  The Service Company may render services to any person other than the Funds so long as: 

A

The services to be rendered to the Funds hereunder are not impaired thereby. 

B

The terms and provisions upon which the services are to be rendered have been approved by the holders of a majority of the Shares. 

C

The services rendered for compensation and, to the extent achievable, for the purpose of gaining a profit thereon. 

D

Any income earned and fees received by Service Company shall be used to reduce the total costs and expenses of Service Company. 

3

Books, Records, and Audits of Service Company.  The Service Company, and any subsidiary established pursuant to Section 3.1(C), shall maintain complete, accurate, and current books, records, and financial statements concerning its activities. To the extent appropriate, it will preserve said records in the manner and for the periods prescribed by law. Financial records and statements shall be kept in accord with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be audited at least annually by independent public accountants (who may also be accountants for any of the Funds). Within 120 days after the close of Service Company’s fiscal year, it shall deliver to each Fund a copy of its audited financial statements for that year and the accountants report thereon. Service Company, on behalf of itself and any subsidiary, acknowledges that all of the records they shall prepare and maintain pursuant to this Agreement shall be the property of the Funds and that upon a request of any Fund they shall make the Fund’s records available to it, along with such other information and data as are reasonably requested by the Fund, for inspection, audit or copying, or turn said records over to the Fund. 

3

Indemnification. 

A

Each Fund (herein the “Indemnitor”) agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse (herein “indemnify”) every other Fund, Service Company and/or any subsidiary of Service Company (herein the “Indemnitee”): 

(1

which Indemnitee (a) was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (herein a “suit”), or (b) incurs an actual economic loss or expense (herein a “loss”). 

(2

if: (a) such suit or loss arises from an action or failure to act, event, occurrence, transaction, or other analogous happening (herein an “event”) under circumstances in which the Indemnitee is involved in a suit or incurs a loss. 

(i

as a result substantially of, or attributable primarily to, its being a party to this Agreement, or to its indirect participation in transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and  

(ii

where the suit or loss arises primarily and substantially from an event related primarily and substantially to the business and/or operations of the Indemnitor; and 

(b

an independent third party, who may but need not be legal counsel for the Funds, advises the Funds in writing (i) that the condition set forth in “(1)” and “(2)(a)” have occurred and (ii) that the Indemnitee is without significant fault or responsibility for the suit or loss as measured by the comparative conduct of the Indemnitor and Indemnitee and by the purposes sought to be accomplished by this Agreement. 

B

The financial obligations of the Indemnitor under this Section shall be limited to: 

(1

In the case of a suit, to expenses (including attorneys’ fees), actually incurred by the Indemnitee. The termination of any suit by judgment, order, settlement, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified hereunder. 

(2) In the case of an event, to losses and/or expenses (including attorney’s fees) actually incurred by the Indemnitee. 

The Indemnitee shall not be liable financially hereunder for lost profits in the case of either a suit or loss. 

C

Expenses incurred in defending a suit or resolving an event may be paid by the prospective Indemnitor in advance of the final disposition of such suit or event if authorized by the Board of Trustees of the prospective Indemnitor in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the prospective indemnitee to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is entitled to be indemnified by the Indemnitor as provided in this Section. 

C

The indemnification provided by this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under any agreement or otherwise. 

 

V

TERM OF AGREEMENT 

  

1

Effective Period.This Agreement shall become effective on the date first written above, and shall continue in full force and effect as to all parties hereto until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of all parties hereto.  The withdrawal pursuant to Section 5.2(A) or 5.2(B) of one or more of the Funds from this agreement shall not affect the continuance of this Agreement except as to the parties withdrawing. 

2

Withdrawal from Agreement. 

A

Any Fund may elect to withdraw from this Agreement effective at the end of any monthly period by giving at least 90 days’ prior written notice to each of the parties to this Agreement.  Upon the written demand of all other Funds which are parties to this Agreement a Fund shall withdraw, and in the event of its failure to do so shall be deemed to have withdrawn, from this Agreement; such demand shall specify the date of withdrawal which shall be at the end of any monthly period at least 90 days from the time of service of such demand. 

B

In the event of the withdrawal of any Fund from this Agreement, all its rights and obligations, except for lease commitments, under this Agreement (except such rights or obligations as have accrued prior to the date of withdrawal) shall terminate as of the date of the withdrawal.  The withdrawing Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company, and (1) shall be entitled to receive from Service Company an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of (i) its Shares of other securities Service Company as of the date of its withdrawal less (ii) its proportionate interest in any liabilities of Service Company, including when appropriate any commitments of Service Company and unexpired leases at the date of withdrawal; (2) shall be obligated to pay Service Company an amount equal to the excess of (ii) over (i).  Such amount to be received from or paid to Service Company shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Funds.  Any amount found payable by the Service Company to the withdrawing Fund shall be recoverable by Service Company from the Funds remaining under this Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 hereof. 

3

Termination by Mutual Consent.  In the event that all Funds withdraw from this Agreement without entering into a comparable successor agreement, each Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company and after payment by Service Company of all its liabilities, including the settlement of unexpired lease obligations, shall: 

A

Receive from Service Company in cash an amount equal to its proportionate share of the actual value of all assets of the Service Company which can be reduced readily to cash. 

B

Negotiate in good faith with the other Funds provision for the equitable use and/or disposition of assets of the Service Company which are not readily reducible to cash. 

4

Additional Parties to Agreement. Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by

adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder.  Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the new Fund shall be subject to all provisions of this Agreement and become a holder of Shares by adjustment in cash investments among the Funds pursuant to Section 1.3.  No person shall become a holder of shares without becoming a party to this Agreement. 

5

Fund of Funds Parties to Agreement. A “Fund of Funds” shall mean a registered investment company or series of a Fund which is managed and administered by Service Company and which invests substantially all of its assets in shares of two or more Funds (or series thereof). 

A.  Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, a Fund of Funds organized as a separate registered investment company may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder, except as provided in the following paragraph B. 

B.  A Fund of Funds:  (1) shall not be obligated or permitted to make a capital contribution or to acquire Shares pursuant to Section I except to the extent that the Fund of Funds’ assets are not invested in shares of the Funds; (2) shall not be allocated or obligated to pay any portion of the expenses of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2 except as determined by the Board of Directors of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2(A)(4); and (3) may have the expenses the Fund of Funds would otherwise bear pursuant to Section 2.1 reduced or eliminated by the savings which accrue to the benefit of the Funds. 

C.  Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the Fund of Funds shall be subject to all the provisions of this Agreement except as provided herein.  

  

VI

GENERAL 

  

1

Definition of Certain Terms.  As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall mean: 

A

“Fair Value of Shares” shall mean the proportionate interest, as represented by the ratio of the number of Shares owned by a Fund to the number of Shares issued and outstanding, in all assets of the Service Company less all liabilities of the Service Company on the date fair value is to be determined.  Assets shall be valued at fair market value.  In case of any dispute as to the proportionate interest of any Fund or as to the fair value of the Shares, the issue shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares, whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Fund. 

A

“Person” shall mean a natural person, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a trust, a fund or any organized group of persons whether incorporated or not. 

2

Assignment.  This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties thereto, their respective successors and assigns. 

2

Captions.The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. 

3

Amendment. Unless prohibited by applicable laws, regulations or orders of regulatory authorities and except as set forth below, this Agreement may be amended at any time and in one or more respects upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares (except that the vote required in Sections 3.1 and 5.4 may be amended only by the favorable votes of the number of holders or Shares specified therein) and without the further approval or vote of shareholders of any of the Funds; provided, however, that Section 1.4 (limiting cash investments by the Funds in Service Company) may not be amended unless and exemptive order permitting such amendment is obtained from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 

4

Severability.  If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. 

In Witness Whereof, each of the parties hereto has caused the Agreement to be signed and its corporate seal to be hereto affixed by its proper officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date and year first above written. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

The Vanguard Group, Inc. 

  

  

Attest:/s/ Anne RobinsonBY: /s/ Mortimer J. Buckley 

Anne Robinson Mortimer J. Buckley 

Secretary

      Chief Executive Officer  

  

The Vanguard Group of Investment Companies:    

  

Vanguard Admiral FundsVanguard Bond Index Funds 

Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

Vanguard Chester FundsVanguard Explorer Fund 

Vanguard Fenway Funds Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds
Vanguard Horizon FundsVanguard Index Funds
Vanguard International Equity Index FundsVanguard Institutional Index Funds 

Vanguard Malvern FundsVanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds 

Vanguard Money Market ReservesVanguard Montgomery Funds 

Vanguard Municipal Bond FundsVanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds Vanguard New York Tax-Free FundsVanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds 

Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free FundsVanguard Quantitative Funds 

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds2Vanguard Specialized Funds            Vanguard STAR FundsVanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity FundVanguard Valley Forge Funds 

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund 

Vanguard Wellington FundVanguard Whitehall Funds 

Vanguard Windsor FundsVanguard World Fund 

  

  

  

Attest:/s/ Anne RobinsonBY: /s/ Mortimer J. Buckley 

Anne RobinsonMortimer J. Buckley 

Secretary

            President and Chief Executive Officer  

  

  

  

Signature page revised as of February 4, 2020. 

 

* Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 1, 1975; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated October 1, 1977; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 10, 1993, an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated January 1, 1996, and an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated June 15, 2001 as therefore amended.

 

1

Formerly Vanguard Treasury Fund 

646121    

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 

 

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Vanguard Scottsdale Funds of our reports dated October 15, 2020, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in Vanguard Explorer Value Fund and Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF’s Annual Reports on Form N-CSR for the year ended August 31, 2020, and of our reports dated October 19, 2020, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund, Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund, Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund, Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund, Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund, Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund, Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund, Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund and Vanguard Total World Bond ETF’s Annual Reports on Form N-CSR for the year ended August 31, 2020. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Financial Statements”, “Service Providers—Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Financial Highlights” in such Registration Statement. 

 

 

 

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

December 18, 2020 

 

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN 

  

  

I.

INTRODUCTION 

  

This Multiple Class Plan (the “Plan”) describes seven separate classes of shares that may be offered by investment company members of The Vanguard Group of Mutual Funds (collectively the “Funds,” individually a “Fund”). The Plan has been adopted pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) to allow each Fund to offer multiple classes of shares in a manner permitted by Rule 18f-3, subject to the requirements imposed by the Rule. Each Fund may offer any one or more of the specified classes. 

  

The Plan has been approved by the Board of Directors of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (“VGI”). In addition, the Plan has been adopted by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund (“Fund Board”), including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of each Fund. The classes of shares offered by each Fund are designated in Schedule A hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. 

  

  

II.

SHARE CLASSES 

  

A Fund may offer any one or more of the following share classes: 

  

Investor Shares  

Admiral Shares  

Institutional Shares Institutional Plus Shares 

Institutional Select Shares ETF Shares 

Transition Shares 

  

  

III.

DISTRIBUTION, AVAILABILITY AND ELIGIBILITY 

  

Distribution arrangements for all classes are described below. Distribution arrangements vary by VGI business line depending on the eligibility of the client segments to whom they market. Each Fund retains sole discretion in determining share class availability, and VGI retains discretion in determining whether Fund shares shall be offered either directly or through certain financial intermediaries, or on certain financial intermediary platforms. Eligibility requirements for purchasing shares of each class will differ, as follows: 

  

A.

Investor Shares 

  

Investor Shares of actively-managed Funds generally will be available to investors who are not permitted to purchase other classes of shares, subject to the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.  It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Investor Shares of actively-managed Funds will normally be lower than the amount required for any other class of shares of such Funds. Investor Shares of actively-managed Funds are typically distributed by all VGI business lines.  Investor Shares of index Funds generally will be available to Funds that operate as a Fund-of-Funds and certain retirement plan clients receiving recordkeeping services from VGI. 

  

B.

Admiral Shares 

  

Admiral Shares generally will be available to retail, institutional, and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. These eligibility requirements may include, but are not limited to the following factors: (i) the total amount invested in the Fund; or (ii) any other factors deemed appropriate by a Fund’s Board. Admiral Shares are typically distributed by all VGI business lines. 

  

C.

Institutional Shares 

  

Institutional Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount per account for Institutional Shares will be substantially higher than the amounts required for Investor Shares or Admiral Shares. Institutional Shares are typically distributed by Vanguard’s financial advisory services and institutional business lines. 

  

D.

Institutional Plus Shares 

  

Institutional Plus Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.  It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Plus Shares will be substantially higher than the amount required for Institutional Shares. Institutional Plus Shares are typically distributed by VGI’s financial advisory services and institutional business lines. 

  

E.

Institutional Select Shares 

  

Institutional Select Shares generally will be available to institutional investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Select Shares will be the highest among all Fund share classes. Institutional Select Shares are typically distributed by VGI’s institutional business line. 

  

F.

ETF Shares 

  

A Fund will sell ETF Shares to investors that are (or who purchase through) Authorized Participants, and who generally pay for their ETF shares by depositing a prescribed basket consisting predominantly of securities with the Fund. An Authorized Participant is an institution, usually a broker-dealer, that is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) and that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Fund’s distributor. Additional eligibility requirements may be specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Investors who are not Authorized Participants may buy and sell ETF shares through various exchanges and market centers. ETF Shares are typically distributed by all VGI business lines. 

  

G.

Transition Shares 

  

Transition Shares generally will be available solely to Funds that operate as Funds-of-Funds and meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Transition Shares are only internally distributed. 

  

  

IV.

SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS 

  

Shareholders in all share classes will receive a range of shareholder services provided by VGI. These services may include transaction processing and shareholder recordkeeping, as well as the mailing of updated prospectuses, shareholder reports, tax statements, confirmation statements, quarterly portfolio summaries, and other items. Each share class will bear its proportionate share of VGI’s cost of providing such services in accordance with Section VI of the Plan. 

  

  

V.

CONVERSION FEATURES 

  

A.

Self-Directed Conversions 

  

1.

Conversion into Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares Institutional Plus Shares, and Institutional Select Shares.

Shareholders may conduct self-directed conversions from one share class into another share class of the same Fund for which they are eligible. Self-directed conversions may be initiated by the shareholder; however, depending upon the particular share class and the complexity of the shareholder’s accounts, such conversions may require the assistance of a VGI representative. Shareholders may convert from one share class into another share class provided that following the conversion the shareholder meets the then applicable eligibility requirements for the share class into which they are converting. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order. 

  

2.

Conversion into ETF Shares. Except as otherwise provided, a shareholder may convert Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, or Institutional Shares into ETF Shares of the same Fund (if available), provided that: (i) the share class out of which the shareholder is converting and the ETF Shares declare and distribute dividends on the same schedule; (ii) the shares to be converted are not held through an employee benefit plan; and (iii) following the conversion, the shareholder will hold ETF Shares through a brokerage account. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI’s receipt of the shareholder’s request in good order. VGI or the Fund may charge an administrative fee to process conversion transactions. 

  

B.

Automatic Conversions 

  

1.

Automatic conversion into Admiral Shares. VGI may automatically convert Investor Shares into Admiral Shares of the same Fund (if available), provided that following the conversion the shareholder meets the eligibility requirements for Admiral Shares. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI’s conversion without the imposition of any charge. Such automatic conversions may occur on a periodic, or one-time basis. Automatic conversions may not apply to certain financial types of accounts (e.g., accounts held through certain intermediaries, or other accounts as may be excluded by VGI management). 

  

2.

Automatic conversion into Institutional Shares, Institutional Plus Shares, or Institutional Select Shares. VGI may conduct automatic conversions of any share class into either Institutional Shares, Institutional Plus Shares, or Institutional Select Shares in accordance with then-current eligibility requirements. 

  

C.

Involuntary Conversions and Cash Outs 

  

1.

Cash Outs. If a shareholder in any class of shares no longer meets the eligibility requirements for such shares, the Fund may, if permitted under applicable law, cash out the shareholder’s remaining account balance. Any such cash out will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder and will be subject to the Fund’s normal redemption fees, if any. 

  

2.

Conversion of Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares, and Institutional Plus Shares. If a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for the share class currently held, the Fund may convert the shareholder’s holdings into the share class for which such shareholder is eligible. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder, and will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes without the imposition of any sales load, fee, or other charge. 

  

3.

Conversions of Transition Shares. When a Fund that issues Transition Shares has completed the relevant portfolio transition, the Fund will convert the Transition Shares to another share class of the same Fund as appropriate, based on the eligibility requirements of such class as specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. 

  

  

VI.

EXPENSE ALLOCATION AMONG CLASSES 

  

A.

Background 

  

VGI is a jointly-owned subsidiary of the Funds. VGI provides the Funds, on an at-cost basis, virtually all of their corporate management, administrative and distribution services.  VGI also may provide investment advisory services on an 

at-cost basis to the Funds. VGI was established and operates pursuant to a Funds’ Service Agreement between itself and the Funds (the “Agreement”), and pursuant to certain exemptive orders granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“Exemptive Orders”). VGI’s direct and indirect expenses of providing corporate management, administrative and distribution services to the Funds are allocated among such Funds in accordance with methods specified in the Agreement or such other methods as may be approved by the Board of Directors of VGI (“VGI Board”) as permitted under the Agreement and by the Fund Board.1  

  

B.

Class Specific Expenses 

  

1.

Expenses for Account-Based Services. Expenses associated with VGI’s provision of account-based services to the Funds will be allocated among the share classes of each Fund on the basis of the amount incurred by each such class as follows: 

  

(a)

Account maintenance expenses.   Expenses associated with the maintenance of investor accounts will be proportionately allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon a monthly determination of the costs to service each class of shares. Factors considered in this determination are (i) the percentage of total shareholder accounts represented by each class; and (ii) the percentage of total account transactions performed by VGI for each class. 

  

(b)

Expenses of special servicing arrangements. Expenses relating to any special servicing arrangements for a specific class will be proportionally allocated among each eligible Fund’s share classes primarily based on their percentage of total shareholder accounts receiving the special servicing arrangements. 

  

(c)

Literature production and mailing expenses. Expenses associated with shareholder reports, proxy materials and other literature will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes based upon the number of such items produced and mailed for each class. 

  

2.

Other Class Specific Expenses. Expenses for the primary benefit of a particular share class will be allocated to that share class. Such expenses would include any legal fees attributable to a particular class. 

  

C.

Fund-Wide Expenses 

  

1.

Marketing and Distribution Expenses. Each share class will bear marketing and distribution expenses proportionate to the marketing and distribution expenses of the business lines that distribute that share class. Retail and institutional businesses expenses will be allocated based on the percentage of client accounts in each share class serviced by the respective business. Financial advisory service expenses will be apportioned based on the percentage of assets in each share class. 

  

Expenses associated with each share class will be allocated only among the Funds that have such share class according to the “Vanguard Modified Formula,” with each share class or each Fund treated as if it were a separate Fund. The Vanguard Modified Formula is set forth in the Agreement and in certain of the SEC Exemptive Orders. This allocation has been deemed an appropriate allocation methodology by each Fund Board under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act. 

  

2.

Asset Management Expenses.

Expenses associated with management of a Fund’s assets (including all advisory, tax preparation and custody fees) will be allocated among the Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. 

  

3.

Other Fund Expenses. Any other Fund expenses not described above will be allocated among the share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. 

  

  

VII.

ALLOCATION OF INCOME, GAINS AND LOSSES 

  

Income, gains and losses will be allocated among each Fund’s share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. As a result of differences in allocated expenses, it is expected that the net income of, and dividends payable to, each class of shares will vary. Dividends and distributions paid to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, on the same day and at the same time. 

  

  

VIII.

VOTING AND OTHER RIGHTS 

  

Each share class will have: (i) exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its service or distribution arrangements; and (ii) separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of the other class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights, obligations and privileges as each other, except as described in the Plan. 

  

IX.

AMENDMENTS 

  

All material amendments to the Plan must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund. In addition, any material amendment to the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors of VGI. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000  

Last Approved by Board: November 22, 2019     

  

SCHEDULE A 

to 

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN 

  

Note: Transition Shares, when offered by a Fund, are available for a limited period of time and are then converted into another share class. For this reason, Transition Shares are not shown on Schedule A. 

  

Vanguard FundShare Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Admiral Funds 

·

Treasury Money Market FundInvestor 

·

S&P 500 Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P 500 Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P MidCap 400 Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P MidCap 400 Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P MidCap 400 Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P SmallCap 600 Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P SmallCap 600 Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

S&P SmallCap 600 Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

  

Vanguard Bond Index Funds 

·

Short-Term Bond Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF 

·

Intermediate-Term Bond Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional 

Plus, ETF 

·

Long-Term Bond Index FundAdmiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF 

·

Total Bond Market Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF 

·

Total Bond Market II Index FundInvestor, Institutional 

·

Inflation-Protected Securities FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional 

  

Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds 

·

Municipal Money Market FundInvestor 

·

Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Charlotte Funds 

·

Total International Bond Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, 

Institutional Select, ETF 

·

Global Credit Bond FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Chester Funds 

·

PRIMECAP FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Target Retirement Income FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2010 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2015 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2020 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2025 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2030 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2035 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2040 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2045 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2050 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2055 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2060 FundInvestor 

·

Target Retirement 2065 FundInvestor 

·

Institutional Target Retirement Income FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2010 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2015 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2020 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2025 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2030 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2035 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2040 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2045 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2050 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2055 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2060 FundInstitutional 

·

Institutional Target Retirement 2065 FundInstitutional 

  

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Investor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Fenway Funds 

·

Equity Income FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Growth Equity FundInvestor 

·

PRIMECAP Core FundInvestor 

  

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds 

·

Ultra-Short-Term Bond FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Real Estate II Index FundInstitutional Plus 

·

Short-Term Treasury FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Short-Term Federal FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Short-Term Investment-Grade FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional 

·

Intermediate-Term Treasury FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Intermediate-Term Investment-Grade FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

GNMA FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

·

Long-Term Treasury FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Long-Term Investment-Grade FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

High-Yield Corporate FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Horizon Funds 

·

Capital Opportunity FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Global Equity FundInvestor 

·

Strategic Equity FundInvestor 

·

Strategic Small-Cap Equity FundInvestor 

·

International Core Stock FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Index Funds 

·

500 Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional Select, ETF 

·

Extended Market Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF 

·

Growth Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Large-Cap Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Mid-Cap Growth Index FundInvestor, Admiral, ETF 

·

Mid-Cap Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF 

·

Mid-Cap Value Index FundInvestor, Admiral, ETF 

·

Small-Cap Growth Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Small-Cap Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF 

·

Small-Cap Value Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Total Stock Market Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF 

·

Value Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

  

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds 

·

Institutional Index FundInstitutional, Institutional Plus 

·

Institutional Total Stock Market Index FundInstitutional, Institutional Plus 

  

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds 

·

Emerging Markets Stock Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, 

Institutional Plus 

FTSE Emerging Markets ETF

ETF 

·

European Stock Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus 

FTSE Europe ETF

ETF 

·

FTSE All-World ex US Index FundAdmiral, Institutional, Institutional 

Plus, ETF 

·

Pacific Stock Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional 

FTSE Pacific ETF

ETF 

·

Total World Stock Index FundAdmiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index FundAdmiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index FundAdmiral, Institutional, ETF 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Malvern Funds 

·

Capital Value FundInvestor 

·

Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities 

Index Fund

Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

U.S. Value FundInvestor 

·

Institutional Short-Term Bond FundInstitutional Plus 

·

Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond FundInstitutional Plus 

·

Core Bond FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Emerging Markets Bond FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds 

·

Massachusetts Tax-Exempt FundInvestor 

  

Vanguard Money Market Funds 

·

Cash Reserves Federal Money Market FundAdmiral 

·

Federal Money Market FundInvestor 

  

Vanguard Montgomery Funds 

·

Market Neutral FundInvestor, Institutional 

  

Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds 

·

Municipal Money Market FundInvestor 

·

Short-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Limited-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

High-Yield Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Tax-Exempt Bond Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

  

Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds 

·

Municipal Money Market FundInvestor 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds 

·

Municipal Money Market FundInvestor 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor 

  

Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds 

·

Municipal Money Market FundInvestor 

·

Long-Term Tax-Exempt FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Quantitative Funds 

·

Growth and Income FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds 

·

Short-Term Treasury Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Intermediate-Term Treasury Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Long-Term Treasury Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Short-Term Corporate Bond Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Long-Term Corporate Bond Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Mortgage-Backed Securities Index FundInstitutional, Admiral, ETF 

·

Explorer Value FundInvestor 

·

Russell 1000 Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 1000 Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 1000 Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 2000 Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 2000 Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 2000 Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Russell 3000 Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Total Corporate Bond ETFETF 

·

Total World Bond ETFETF 

  

Vanguard Specialized Funds 

·

Energy FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Global Capital Cycles FundInvestor 

·

Health Care FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Dividend Growth FundInvestor 

·

Real Estate Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Dividend Appreciation Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Global ESG Select Stock FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard STAR Funds 

·

LifeStrategy Conservative Growth FundInvestor 

·

LifeStrategy Growth FundInvestor 

·

LifeStrategy Income FundInvestor 

·

LifeStrategy Moderate Growth FundInvestor 

·

STAR FundInvestor 

·

Total International Stock Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, 

Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF 

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds 

·

Tax-Managed Balanced FundAdmiral 

·

Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation FundAdmiral, Institutional 

·

Developed Markets Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus 

FTSE Developed Markets ETF

ETF 

·

Tax-Managed Small-Cap FundAdmiral, Institutional 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund 

·

International Value FundInvestor 

·

Diversified Equity FundInvestor 

·

Emerging Markets Select Stock FundInvestor 

·

Alternative Strategies FundInvestor 

·

Commodity Strategy FundAdmiral 

  

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds 

·

Balanced Index FundInvestor, Admiral, Institutional 

·

Managed Allocation FundInvestor 

  

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds 

·

Balanced PortfolioInvestor 

·

Conservative Allocation PortfolioInvestor 

·

Diversified Value PortfolioInvestor 

·

Equity Income PortfolioInvestor 

·

Equity Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

Growth PortfolioInvestor 

·

Global Bond Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

Total Bond Market Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

High Yield Bond PortfolioInvestor 

·

International PortfolioInvestor 

·

Mid-Cap Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

Moderate Allocation PortfolioInvestor 

·

Money Market PortfolioInvestor 

·

Real Estate Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

Short-Term Investment Grade PortfolioInvestor 

·

Small Company Growth PortfolioInvestor 

·

Capital Growth PortfolioInvestor 

·

Total International Stock Market Index PortfolioInvestor 

·

Total Stock Market Index PortfolioInvestor 

  

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

Investor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Wellington Fund 

·

U.S. Liquidity Factor ETFETF 

·

U.S. Minimum Volatility ETFETF 

·

U.S. Momentum Factor ETFETF 

·

U.S. Multifactor ETFETF 

·

U.S. Multifactor FundAdmiral 

·

U.S. Quality Factor ETFETF 

·

U.S. Value Factor ETFETF 

·

Wellington FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard Fund

Share Classes Authorized 

  

Vanguard Whitehall Funds 

·

Selected Value FundInvestor 

·

Mid-Cap Growth FundInvestor 

·

International Explorer FundInvestor 

·

High Dividend Yield Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Emerging Markets Government 

Bond Index Fund

Admiral, Institutional, ETF 

·

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

International Dividend Appreciation Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

International High Dividend Yield Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

  

Vanguard Windsor Funds 

·

Windsor FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Windsor II FundInvestor, Admiral 

  

Vanguard World Fund 

·

Extended Duration Treasury Index FundInstitutional, Institutional Plus, ETF 

·

FTSE Social Index FundAdmiral, Institutional 

·

Global Wellesley Income FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Global Wellington FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

International Growth FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Mega Cap Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Mega Cap Growth Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

Mega Cap Value Index FundInstitutional, ETF 

·

U.S. Growth FundInvestor, Admiral 

·

Consumer Discretionary Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Consumer Staples Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Energy Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Financials Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Health Care Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Industrials Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Information Technology Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Materials Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Communication Services Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

Utilities Index FundAdmiral, ETF 

·

ESG U.S. Stock ETFETF 

·

ESG International Stock ETFETF 

·

ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETFETF 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000 

Last Updated: September 17, 2020 

  

SCHEDULE B 

to 

VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN 

  

  

VGI has policies and procedures designed to ensure consistency and compliance with the offering of multiple classes of shares within this Multiple Class Plan’s eligibility requirements.2 These policies are reviewed and monitored on an ongoing basis in conjunction with VGI’s Compliance Department. 

  

Investor Shares - Eligibility Requirements 

  

Investor Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000 ($50,000 for Vanguard Treasury Money Market Fund). Personal Advisor Services clients, clients investing through financial intermediaries, and institutional clients may hold Investor Shares without restriction in Funds that do not offer Admiral Shares. Investor Shares of index Funds generally are available only to Funds that operate as a Fund-of-Funds and certain retirement plan clients receiving recordkeeping services from VGI. A Vanguard Fund may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Investor Shares. Each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. 

  

Financial intermediaries that serve as mutual fund supermarkets may only invest in Investor Shares of Funds in which Investor Shares are available and may not invest in other share classes of such Funds.3 Mutual fund supermarket means a program or platform offered by a financial intermediary through which such intermediary’s retail clients may purchase and sell mutual funds offered by a variety of independent fund families on a self-directed basis without advice or recommendation from a financial advisor or broker. This definition may be changed or amended at any time and without prior notice as may be determined in the discretion of VGI management. Nothing in the definition of mutual fund supermarket should be construed to prohibit Vanguard Brokerage Services from offering the Funds’ other share classes to its eligible clients. 

  

Admiral Shares – Eligibility Requirements 

  

Admiral Shares generally are intended for clients who meet the required minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000 for retail clients in index Funds and $50,000 for retail clients in actively-managed Funds. Personal Advisor Services clients, clients investing through financial intermediaries and institutional clients may hold Admiral Shares of both index and actively-managed Funds without restriction.  Funds may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Admiral Shares, and each Fund and VGI reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.  Admiral Share class eligibility also is subject to the following rule: 

  

·

Certain Retirement Plans – Admiral Shares of actively-managed Funds generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.4  

·

Mutual Fund Supermarkets – Admiral Shares are not available to mutual fund supermarkets, except where a Fund does not have Investor Shares. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

Institutional Shares – Eligibility Requirements 

  

Institutional Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of 

$5,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. 

  

Institutional Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules: 

  

·

Retail clients. Retail clients may hold Institutional Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund. 

  

·

Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that: 

  

(1)

each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above; and 

(2)

the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or 

 

(3)

an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements. 

 

  

Home office model portfolios offered on wealth management platforms administered by financial intermediaries5 may offer Institutional Shares, provided: 

  

(4)

the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, has total assets of at least $25 billion invested in Vanguard; and 

 

(5)

the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, meets the investment minimum of Institutional Shares for the Fund. 

 

  

A home office model portfolio must meet the following criteria: 

  

(6)

the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are set and selected by the financial intermediary (i.e., the firm itself); 

 

(7)

the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are not subject to change by individual financial advisors; and 

 

(8)

an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements. 

 

  

·

Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such a client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $5 million (or such higher minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following: (1) that the client acts as a common-decision maker6 for each account; and (2) the total balance in each account in the Fund. 

  

·

Institutional clients with assets in certain Vanguard collective investment trusts and Funds. Institutional clients with assets in the following collective investment trusts and Funds may aggregate such assets with assets invested in the corresponding Funds listed below in the right column (“Corresponding Funds”) for purposes of meeting the investment minimum for Institutional Shares of the Corresponding Funds. 

  

Trust/Fund 

Corresponding Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Bond Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total International Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total International Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Extended Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Employee Benefit Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Employee Benefit Index Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Trust 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Trust 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Trust 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Trust 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Fund (full suite) 

  

·

Investment by Vanguard Target Retirement Collective Trust. A Vanguard Target Retirement Trust that is a collective trust exempt from regulation under the Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in underlying Funds (a “TRT”) may hold Institutional Shares of an underlying Fund whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment threshold specified above. 

  

·

Accumulation Period ¾ Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g., employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management. 

  

  

  

  

Institutional Plus Shares - Eligibility Requirements 

  

Institutional Plus Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of 

$100,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Plus Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules: 

  

·

Retail clients. Retail clients may hold Institutional Plus Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund. For purposes of this rule, VGI management is authorized to permit aggregation of a greater number of accounts in the case of clients whose aggregate assets within the Funds are expected to generate substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts. 

  

·

Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Plus Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $100 million (or such higher or lower minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following:  (1) that the client acts as a common-decision maker for each account; and 

(2) the total balance in each account held in the Fund. 

  

·

Institutional clients with assets in certain Vanguard collective investment trusts and Funds. Institutional clients with assets in the following collective investment trusts and Funds may aggregate such assets with assets invested in the corresponding Funds listed below in the right column (“Corresponding Funds”) for purposes of meeting the investment minimum for Institutional Plus Shares of the Corresponding Funds. 

  

Trust/Fund 

Corresponding Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total Bond Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Total International Stock Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Total International Stock Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Extended Market Index Trust 

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund 

Vanguard Employee Benefit Index Fund 

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund 

  

Vanguard Employee Benefit Index 

Fund 

Vanguard 500 Index Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index 

Trust 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index 

Fund 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index 

Trust 

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index 

Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index 

Trust 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index 

Fund 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index 

Trust 

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index 

Fund 

Vanguard Target Retirement Trust 

Vanguard Institutional Target 

Retirement Fund (full suite) 

  

·

Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Plus Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that: 

  

(9)

each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above; and 

(10)

the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or 

 

(11)

an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements. 

 

  

Home office model portfolios offered on wealth management platforms administered by financial intermediaries may offer Institutional Plus Shares, provided: 

  

(12)

the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, has total assets of at least $25 billion invested in Vanguard; and 

 

(13)

the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, meets the investment minimum of Institutional Plus Shares for the Fund. 

 

  

A home office model portfolio must meet the following criteria: 

  

(14)

the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are set and selected by the financial intermediary (i.e., the firm itself); 

 

(15)

the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are not subject to change by individual financial advisors; and 

 

(16)

an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements. 

 

  

·

Accumulation Period

- Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g., employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Plus Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management. 

  

·

Asset Allocation Models - Clients with defined asset allocation models whose assets meet eligibility requirements may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares if such models comply with policies and procedures that have been approved by VGI management. 

  

Institutional Select Shares - Eligibility Requirements 

  

Institutional Select Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Select Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules: 

  

·

Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Select Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $3 billion (or such higher or lower minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following: (1) the client acts as a common-decision maker for each account; and (2) the total balance in each account in the Fund. 

  

·

Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Select Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that: 

  

(17)

each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above; and 

(18)

the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or 

 

(19)

an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements. 

 

  

·

Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g. employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Select Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up, if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Select Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management. 

  

·

Investment by VGI collective investment trusts with a similar mandate. A VGI collective investment trust exempt from regulation under the Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in an underlying Fund with an index-based

mandate may hold Institutional Select Shares of an underlying Fund with a similar index-based mandate whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment threshold specified above. 

  

ETF Shares – Eligibility Requirements 

  

The eligibility requirements for ETF Shares will be set forth in the Fund’s registration statement. To be eligible to purchase ETF Shares directly from a Fund, an investor must be (or must purchase through) an Authorized Participant, as defined in Paragraph III.F of the Multiple Class Plan. Investors purchasing ETF Shares from a Fund must purchase a minimum number of shares, known as a Creation Unit. The number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit may vary from Fund to Fund, and will be set forth in the relevant Fund’s prospectus. The value of a Fund’s Creation Unit will vary with the net asset value of the 

  

Fund’s ETF Shares, but is expected to be several million dollars. An eligible investor generally must purchase a Creation Unit by depositing a prescribed basket consisting predominantly of securities with the Fund. 

  

Transition Shares – Eligibility Requirements 

  

Transition Shares will be offered only to Funds that operate as a Fund-of-Funds and only by an underlying Fund (i) that is receiving assets in kind from one or more Funds and (ii) that will “transition” those in-kind assets by selling some or all of them and using the proceeds to purchase different assets. 

There is no minimum investment amount for Transition Shares. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000 

Last Approved by Board: July 24, 2020 

  

 

11

In accordance with the methods set out in the Agreement and VGI Board and Fund Board approved methods, the expenses that would otherwise have been allocated to each Fund that operates as a Fund-of-Funds are reallocated to the approved share class of the underlying Funds in the Fund-of-Funds’ portfolio on a pro rata basis based on the Fund-of-Fund’s relative net assets invested in the underlying Fund’s share class. 

  

2

The eligibility of a Fund that operates as a Fund-of-Funds to invest in a particular share class of an underlying Fund is determined by VGI and the Fund Board. 

3

Admiral Shares of the Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund are available to financial intermediaries that serve as mutual fund supermarkets. 

4

Admiral Share classes of all Funds are available to 403(b) plan participants in Vanguard’s Retail 403(b) business, which is serviced by The Newport Group.  Admiral Shares of the Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund are available to SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans. 

5

For purposes of this Schedule B, this is not intended to include robo advisors. 

6

For purposes of this Schedule B, a common-decision maker includes, but is not limited to, a corporate entity that controls multiple pools of assets invested in a Fund.  For example, a corporate entity that acts as a plan sponsor for a retirement plan may have one or more investment committees or boards of trustees overseeing both the retirement plan account as well as other accounts invested in the Fund.  In this case, the corporate entity would be considered a common-decision maker for each account where there is a common membership across each investment committee or governing body making investment decisions for each account.  Common-decision makers do not include financial intermediaries. 

1 

EXHIBIT D

Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C.

Code of Ethics

January 2020

1

CARDINAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.

CODE OF ETHICS FOR U.S. REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES

INTRODUCTION

This Code of Ethics (the "Code") has been adopted by Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C. ("Adviser") with respect to Adviser's investment advisory services to all of its clients, including each client that is a U.S. registered investment company or series thereof (each a "Client"). The Code establishes standards and procedures for the detection and prevention of inappropriate personal securities transactions by persons having knowledge of the investments and investment intentions of a Client and addresses other situations involving a potential conflict of interest. Definitions of underlined terms are included in Appendix A.

This Code is intended to ensure that the personal securities transactions of persons subject to the Code are conducted in accordance with the following principles:

(i)The duty at all times to place first the interests of Clients;

(ii)The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual's responsibility and position of trust; and

(iii)The fundamental standard that Adviser personnel not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.

(iv), The trading by the Adviser's personnel is conducted in a manner that does not adversely affect clients and is conducted in a manner consistent with the fiduciary duty owed by the Adviser to its clients and prevents violations of the federal securities laws.

1.WHO IS COVERED BY THIS CODE

This Code applies to all partners, officers and employees of Adviser. Certain provisions apply only to Access Persons and Investment Personnel. Adviser forbids any partner, officer and employee from engaging in any conduct which is contrary to this Code or Adviser's Insider Trading Policy and Related Procedures. All Access Persons are subject to the Code's restrictions and requirements regarding opening securities accounts, effecting securities transactions, reporting securities transactions, maintaining information and documents in a confidential manner and other matters. This Code shall not apply to Cardinal Value Equity Partners, L. P. and Cardinal Mid-Cap Value Equity Partners, L. P., or to any other private investment partnership to which the adviser serves as general partner, provided that persons subject to this Code do not control any such private investment vehicle. Failure to comply with this Code is a very serious matter and may result in disciplinary action, including, among other things, monetary fines, disgorgement of profits, and suspension or termination of employment.

It is Cardinal's policy that every Cardinal employee shall report any violation or suspected violation of this Code of Ethics to the Chief Compliance Officer or any Cardinal Capital Managing Partner and be assured that there will be no negative repercussions as a result of the reporting.

2

2.PERSONAL TRADING POLICIES

a.Employees of the company are strongly discouraged from investing personally (as well as in accounts over which they have discretion or in accounts of other individuals residingin the same household) in the Covered Securities of companies that are currently held in Cardinal's portfolios, pending on the trading desk, or actively followed by Cardinal because of the potential for or appearance of conflicts of interest.

Towards that end, any personal equity securities transaction (purchase or sale) which involves a company whose securities are held in Cardinal's portfolios, pending on the trading desk, or actively followed by Cardinal must be approved by the Compliance Officer (or his/her designee, in the absence of the Compliance Officer) in writing before the trade is entered as outlined in 2b.

b.Trade authorizations should be requested via e-mail to the Compliance Officer. A return e-mail should be received by the employee within 2 hours either authorizing the trade or explaining the reason why the request was denied. Approvals will be valid for 24 hours from receipt and will be given only after the Compliance Officer has determined that the trade will not have an adverse effect on clients, including, without limitation

(i)that there have been no pending or completed block trades, representing a change in the model portfolio, in that company during:

the previous five trading days (in the case of a trade which is in the same direction), or

the previous five trading days (in the case of a trade in the opposite direction)

(ii)and that there are no anticipated block trades, representing a change to the model portfolio in that company's securities for any of Cardinal's portfolios in the next five days.

c.If an employee purchases an equity security issued by a company held in Cardinal's portfolio or pending on the trading desk, the security must then be held until after Cardinal has sold that security in all of its client accounts. If an employee purchases a security issued by a company actively followed by Cardinal and Cardinal subsequently purchases shares in that company within six months of the employee purchase, then the security must then be held until after Cardinal has sold that security in all of its client accounts. If Cardinal subsequently purchases shares in the company after the six month date of the employee purchase, the purchased security would be grandfathered as in 2d below. In extraordinary circumstances, these requirements may be waived by the Compliance Officer. Exceptions will generally be granted in the case of a tender offer or other corporate action which is extended to all shareholders in a pro-rata fashion. The employee will then be permitted to sell his/her investment.

d.All personal investments in the equity securities of companies in Cardinal's portfolio, pending on the trading desk, or actively followed by Cardinal as of October 10, 2005 are grandfathered and may be sold prior to Cardinal's liquidation of its investment. In addition, in the case of Cardinal's investment in a company (or active monitoring thereof) after its securities are owned by an employee or in the case of a new employee joining Cardinal and possessing securities in companies owned in the Cardinal portfolios, these securities will also be grandfathered. In addition, any security which,

3

after an employee has purchased the security, subsequently is bought or merged for stock with a Cardinal portfolio company shall also be grandfathered as long as the employee purchased the security six months before the effective date of the merger. Any such sale of those grandfathered investments must still be preceded by obtaining prior written approval (as outlined in 2b) from the Compliance Officer. Approvals will also be valid for 24 hours from receipt. Approvals will be given only after the Compliance Officer has determined that the conditions in paragraph 2b exist.

e.Short sales or purchases of put options on companies held in Cardinal's portfoliosare strictly prohibited.

f.All personal transactions in equity securities of companies currently not in Cardinal portfolios (or in open trading orders or actively followed) require only that notification of the transaction must be provided to the Compliance Officer within one business day of the transction. It is the obligation of the employee to take timely and reasonable efforts to determine if the securities to be traded are in the Cardinal portfolio, pending on the trading desk or actively followed by Cardinal.

g.With respect to all personal trades in the AIC II Cardinal Small Cap Value Fund, SEI Institutional Trust-Small/Mid Cap Equity Fund, SEI US Small Company Equity Fund, SIMT Small Cap Value Fund, SIMT Tax-Managed Small/Mid Cap Fund, Russell Equity II Fund and the Vanguard Explorer Value Fund, of which Cardinal is an investment sub- advisor to each, notification of any purchases or sales of the Fund's must be emailed to The Compliance Officer before trading. (trades in above referenced mutual funds that are offered through Cardinal's 401k Plan do not require notification.)

Notwithstanding the above, any issues or questions not addressed specifically by the preceding should be brought to the attention of the Compliance Officer.

3.GIFTS AND BUSINESS ENTERTAINMENT POLICY

The giving and receiving of gifts and entertainment should never create or appear to create a conflict of interest, interfere with the impartial fulfillment of our responsibilities to clients, or place Cardinal Capital in a difficult or compromising position. When in doubt seek guidance from a Cardinal Managing Partner, Chief Compliance Officer or Chief Operating Officer. This gift and entertainment policy is an integral part of this Code of Ethics.

Note that the dollar limits and the reporting requirements of this policy do not apply to meals of nominal value that are necessitated by business obligations, such as lunch or coffee when at a business meeting with or on behalf of a client, or dinner where the speaker discusses matter which are relevant to the Adviser's services to its clients.

(a)All Partners, Officers and Employees:

(i)Gifts. A gift is defined as anything of value, whether object, service, or intangible that you receive without paying for it. No Partners or employees should accept or offer gifts of any kind from/to third parties except those gifts of a de minimis nature, which for the purposes of this policy shall be defined as valued at less than $100. Total value of aforementioned gifts should not exceed $200 exchanged per year per individual per third party entity.

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Partners and Employees of Cardinal may not give any gift of more than the deminimus value to existing investors, prospective investors, or any entity that does business with or potentially could conduct business with or on behalf of the Adviser without the prior written approval of the CCO or his or her designee.

(ii)Entertainment. Partners or employees may accept or offer reasonable business meals or entertainment to/from persons associated with securities or financial organizations or clients or prospective clients provided that both the employee and the recipient are present and there is a business purpose for the entertainment. Given that the firm's business is highly relationship driven, it is anticipated that partners and employees may entertain the same person multiple times per year. However, Employees should not spend or receive more than $300 per person/per event on business meals/entertainment on such occasions without receiving approval from a Cardinal Managing Partner or the CCO in advance.

Reporting: Partners and employees must report gifts and entertainment to Compliance. The Compliance Officer may require that any such gift be returned to the provider or that an expense be repaid by the Partner or employee. Promotional gift items with logos and entertainment/meals served on site and other refreshments served on site at the offices of Cardinal, a client or a vendor in connection with a "working meeting" are excluded.

Valuation: Each employee shall be responsible for determining the value of gifts, meals or entertainment hereunder. Cardinal will be relying on each employee to make a good faith estimate of the value of the item. In those circumstances where the face value of an item is significantly less than its market value (e.g. a ticket to a highly sought after sporting event), the market value shall be used)

Monitoring: Compliance will periodically monitor reimbursement requests for gifts and entertainment and electronic communications of all Partners and Employees of Cardinal to review compliance with this policy.

Recordkeeping. Compliance will maintain records or any gifts and/or business entertainment events so reported.

4.PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS All Partners, Officers and Employees:

(i)Prohibition Against Fraudulent Conduct. No partner, officer or employee may use any information concerning a security held or to be acquired by a Client, or his or her ability to influence any investment decisions, for personal gain or in a manner detrimental to the interests of a Client. In addition, no partner, officer or employee shall, directly or indirectly:

(1)Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Client or engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Client;

5

(2)Make to a Client, any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to a Client a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(3)Engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon a Client; or

(4)Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Client.

(ii)Confidentiality. Except as required in the normal course of carrying out their business responsibilities, no partner, officer or employee shall reveal information relating to the investment intentions or activities of any Client, or securities that are being considered for purchase or sale on behalf of any Client.

(b)Access Persons. In addition to the restrictions in Section 3(a), Access Persons are subject to the following restrictions:

(i)Undue Influence. Access Persons shall not cause or attempt to cause any Client to purchase, sell or hold any security in a manner calculated to create any personal benefit to them and shall not recommend any securities transactions for a Client without having disclosed their interest, if any, in such securities or the issuer thereof, including, without limitation, (i) beneficial ownership of any securities of such issuer, (ii) any position with such issuer or its affiliates and (iii) any present or proposed business relationship between the Access Person (or any party in which he or she has a significant interest) and such issuer or its affiliates.

(ii)Corporate Opportunities. Access Persons shall not take personal advantage of any opportunity properly belonging to a Client.

(iii)Other Prohibited Transactions. Access Persons shall not:

(1)Induce or cause a Client to take actions or to fail to take action, for personal benefit rather than for the benefit of the Client;

(2)Accept anything other than of de minimis value or any other preferential treatment from any broker-dealer or other entity with which a Client does business;

(3)Establish or maintain an account at a broker-dealer, bank or other entity through which securities transactions may be effected without written notice to the designated Review Officer prior to establishing such an account;

(4)Use knowledge of portfolio transactions of a Client for their personal benefit or the personal benefit of others; or

6

(5)Violate the anti-fraud provisions of the federal or state securities laws.

(c)Access Persons. In addition to the restrictions in Section 3 (Access Persons are subject to the following restrictions:

(i)Initial Public Offerings. Access Persons must obtain prior written approval from the designated Review Officer before directly or indirectly acquiring securities in an initial public offering.

(ii)Private Placements Access Persons may not directly or indirectly acquire securities in a private placement unless the Review Officer determines whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Client, and whether such opportunity is being offered to the Access Persons by virtue of their position with the Client. Any Access Persons of a Client who has taken a personal position through a private placement will be under an affirmative obligation to disclose that position in writing to the Review Officer if he or she plays a material role in the Client's subsequent investment decision regarding the same issuer; this separate disclosure must be made even though the Access Persons has previously disclosed the ownership of the privately placed security in compliance with the preclearance requirements of this section. Once disclosure is given, an independent review of the Client's investment decision will be made.

(d)Investment Personnel shall not serve on the boards of directors of publicly traded companies, absent prior authorization based upon a determination by the Review Officer that the board service would be consistent with the interests of the Client and its shareholders.

5.REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

(a)Reporting. Access Persons, must report to the designated Review Officer the information described in this Section with respect to transactions in any Covered Security in which they have, or by reason of such transaction acquire, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. Employees must annually report all their non- discretionary accounts (including those of members of their household). The report must include account number and broker name. Employees are not required to report holdings and transactions for non-discretionary accounts.

(b)Exclusions from Reporting. Purchases or sales in Covered Securities in an account in which the Access Person has no direct or indirect control are not subject to the reporting requirements of this Section.

(c)Initial Holding Reports. No later than ten (10) days after an Access Person becomes subject to this Code he or she must report the following information:

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(i)The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded ) in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership as of the date he or she became subject to this Code;

(ii)The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the Access Person direct or indirect benefit as of the date he or she became subject to this Code; and

(iii)The date that the report is submitted.

(d)Quarterly Transaction Reports. No later than ten (10) days after the end of a Quarter, Access Persons must report the following information:

(i)With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded) in which the Access Person has, or by reason of such transaction acquired, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:

(1)The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares, exchange ticker symbol or cusip number and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

(2)The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(3)The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

(4)The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and

(5)The date that the report is submitted.

(ii)With respect to any account established by the Access Person in which any Covered Securities (whether or not publicly traded) were held during the quarter for your direct or indirect benefit:

(1)The name of the broker, dealer or bank you established the account;

(2)The date the account was established; and

(3)The date that the report is submitted.

(e)Annual Holdings Reports. Annually, all Access Persons must report the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than thirty

(30)days before the report is submitted):

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(i)The title, number of shares, exchange ticker symbol or cusip number and principal amount of each Covered Security (whether or not publicly traded) in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;

(ii)The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom you maintain an account in which any securities are held for his or her direct or indirect benefit; and

(iii)The date that the report is submitted.

(f)Certification of Compliance. All Access Persons are required to certify annually (in the form of Attachment A) that they have read and understood the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code. Further, all Access Persons are required to certify annually that they have complied with all the requirements of the Code and have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions pursuant to the requirements of the Code.

(g)Alternative Reporting. The submission to the Review Officer of duplicate broker trade confirmations and statements on all securities transactions shall satisfy the reporting requirements of Section 4(e).

(h)Report Qualification. Any report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making the report that he or shehas any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Covered Securities to which the report relates.

(i)Account Opening Procedures. All Access Persons shall provide notice to the Review Officer prior to opening any account with any entity through which a Covered Securities transaction may be effected. In addition, Access Persons must promptly:

(i)Provide full access to a Client, its agents and attorneys to any and all records and documents which a Client considers relevant to any securities transactions or other matters subject to the Code;

(ii)Cooperate with a Client, or its agents and attorneys, in investigating any securities transactions or other matter subject to the Code.

(iii)Provide a Client, its agents and attorneys with an explanation (in writing if requested) of the facts and circumstances surrounding any securities transaction or other matter to the Code; and

(iv)Promptly notify the Review Officer or such other individual as a Client may direct, in writing, from time to time, of any incident of noncompliance with the Code by anyone subject to this Code.

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6.REVIEW OFFICER

(a)Duties of Review Officer. the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser, has been appointed as the Review Officer to:

(i)Review all securities transaction and holdings reports and maintain the names of persons responsible for reviewing these reports;

(ii)Identify all persons subject to this Code who are required to make these reports and promptly inform each person of the requirements of this Code;

(iii)Compare, on a monthly basis, all Covered Securities transactions within the past 60 days with each Client's completed portfolio transactions to determine whether a Code violation may have occurred;

(iv)Maintain a signed acknowledgement by each person who is then subject to this Code, in the form of Attachment A; and

(v)Identify persons who are Access Persons of the Client and inform those persons of their requirements to obtain prior written approval from the Review Officer prior to directly or indirectly acquiring ownership of a security an initial public offering or a security in any private placement.

(b)Potential Trade Conflict. When there appears to be a transaction that conflicts with the Code, the Review Officer shall request a written explanation of the person's transaction. If after post-trade review, it is determined that there has been a violation of the Code, a report will be made by the designated Review Officer with a recommendation of appropriate action to Adviser's Managing Member.

(c)Required Records. The Review Officer shall maintain and cause to be maintained:

(i)A copy of any code of ethics adopted by Adviser which has been in effect during the previous five (5) years in an easily accessible place;

(ii)A record of any violation of any code of ethics and of any actions taken as a result of such violation, in an easily accessible place for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

(iii)A copy of each report made by anyone subject to this Code as required by Section 5 for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made, the first two (2) years in an easily accessible place;

(iv)A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports or who were responsible for reviewing these reports pursuant to any code of ethics adopted by Adviser, in an easily accessible place;

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(v)A copy of each written report and certification required pursuant to Section 5(e) of this Code for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two (2) years in an easily accessible place; and

(vi)A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decisions, approving the acquisition by Investment Personnel of initial public offerings or privately placed securities for at least five (5) years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted.

(d)Post-Trade Review Process. Following receipt of trade confirms and statements, transactions will be screened for violations of the Code, including the following:

(i)Same day trades: transactions by Access Persons occurring on the same day as the purchase or sale of the same security by a Client for which they are an Access Person.

(ii)Potential conflicts: transactions by Access Persons in securities, which, within the most recent 15 days, are or have been held by a Client or are being or have been considered by a Client or Adviser for purchase by a Client.

(iii)Other activities: Transactions which may give the appearance that an Access Person has executed transactions not in accordance with this Code.

(e)Submission to Investment Company Boards of Directors. The Review Officer shall annually prepare a written report to the Board of Directors of any Client that is a registered investment company that:

(i)Describes any issues under this Code or its procedures since the last report to the Board of Directors, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and

(ii)Certifies that Adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent its Access Persons from violating this Code.

7.POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS

No partner or employee, or their family members, should make a contribution in excess of $350 per election to any candidate for whom they are eligible to vote who would be directly or indirectly responsible for (or can influence the outcome of) the hiring of an investment adviser or has the power to appoint any person who is directly or indirectly responsible for (or can influence the outcome of) the hiring of an investment adviser, and $150 to other candidates. Any employee who wishes to make any political contribution (or whose family member wishes to make any political contribution) must seek pre-clearance from Cardinal's Chief Compliance Officer.

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CARDINAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.

CODE OF ETHICS

APPENDIX A: DEFINITIONS

(a)Access Person means:

(i)Each managing member or officer of Adviser, any employee or agent of Adviser, or any company in a control relationship to Adviser who, in connection with the person's regular functions or duties, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by a Client advised by Adviser, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales; and

(ii)Any natural person in a control relationship to Adviser who obtains information concerning recommendations made to a Client by Adviser with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Client;

(b)Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(c)Beneficial Owner shall have the meaning as that set forth in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except that the determination of direct or indirect beneficial ownership shall apply to all Covered Securities which an Access Person owns or acquires. A beneficial owner of a security is any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest (the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in the subject securities) in a security.

Indirect pecuniary interest in a security includes securities held by a person's immediate family sharing the same household. Immediate family means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law (including adoptive relationships).

(d)Control means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless this power is solely the result of an official position with the company. Ownership of 25% or more of a company's outstanding voting securities is presumed to give the holder thereof control over the company. This presumption may be rebutted by the Review Officer based upon the facts and circumstances of a given situation.

(e)Covered Security means any security except:

(i)Direct obligations of the Government of the United States;

(ii)Banker's acceptances and bank certificates of deposits;

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(iii)Commercial paper and debt instruments with a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization;

(iv)Repurchase agreements covering any of the foregoing; and

(v)Shares of registered open-end investment companies for which Cardinal does not Act as Investment Adviser

(f)Investment Personnel means any employee of Adviser who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a Client managed by Adviser; and any individual who controls Adviser or a Client for which Adviser is an investment adviser and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Client regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Client.

(g)Purchase or sale includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase

or sell.

(h)Security held or to be acquired by the Client means

(i)Any Covered Security which, with the most recent 15 days (x) is or has been held by the applicable Client or (y) is being or has been considered by the applicable Client or its investment adviser for purchase by the applicable Client; and

(ii)Any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security

(i)Securities actively followed by Cardinal means all companies with a market capitalization of $25 billion and under.

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CARDINAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.

CODE OF ETHICS

APPENDIX B

List of AccessPersons

 

Adviser

 

AP

 

IP

 

As of Date

 

Client

 

End Date

 

Gene Fox

 

X

 

X

3/20/07

 

All

 

 

 

Sanford

 

X

 

 

11/6/2017

 

All

 

 

 

Brown

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rob

 

X

 

X

3/20/07

 

All

 

 

 

Kirkpatrick

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rachel

 

X

 

X

3/20/07

 

All

 

 

 

Matthews

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Christopher

 

X

 

X

8/23/07

 

All

 

 

 

Robertson

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Elyse Lurie

 

X

 

 

1/23/2017

 

 

 

 

 

Chitra

 

X

 

X

3/20/07

 

All

 

 

 

Sundaram

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Regina

 

X

 

 

5/16/19

 

All

 

 

 

Grebb

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Michael

 

X

 

X

9/29/11

 

All

 

 

 

Cotogno

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Robert Fields

 

X

 

X

4/15/13

 

All

 

 

 

Mike

 

X

 

X

6/2/14

 

All

 

 

 

Povemba

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dahlia Black

 

X

 

X

10/29/14

 

All

 

 

 

Diane Davol

 

X

 

 

01/07/13

 

All

 

 

 

Victor Alves

 

X

 

 

11/13/15

 

All

 

 

 

Jonathan

 

X

 

 

12/07/15

 

All

 

 

 

Webster

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ross

 

X

 

 

01/04/16

 

All

 

 

 

Weissman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

William

 

X

 

X

 

06/18/18

 

All

 

 

 

Scanlon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AP=Access Person; IP=Investment Personnel

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CARDINAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, L.L.C.

CODE OF ETHICS

ATTACHMENT A

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I understand that I am subject to the Code of Ethics of Cardinal Capital Management, L.L.C. ("Adviser"). I have received, read and I understand the Adviser Code of Ethics and any amendments thereto and I certify that I have complied with the requirements of the Code of Ethics and I have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code of Ethics.

Signature

Date

Printed Name

This form must be completed and returned to Adviser's Compliance Department.

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FRONTIER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC

CODE OF ETHICS

This is the Code of Ethics (the "Code") of Frontier Capital Management Company, LLC (the "Firm" or "Frontier").

Things You Need to Know to Use This Code

1.Certain terms have special meanings as used in this Code. To understand the Code, you need to read the definitions of these terms which are defined at the end of the Code.

2.For purposes of this Code, all employees are deemed to be Access Persons. The Firm, at the Chief Compliance Officer's discretion, may also subject certain individuals, including interns, co-ops, temporary employees, contract employees or independent contractors to any part or all of the Firm's Code of Ethics and its requirements.

3.There are a number of Reporting Forms that all personnel and Access Persons who are not personnel have to fill out under this Code. You can get copies of the Reporting Forms from the Chief Compliance Officer.

4.The Chief Compliance Officer has the authority to grant written waivers of the provisions of this Code in appropriate instances. However:

The Firm expects that waivers will be granted only in rare instances (for example, in the case of a hardship, as described in Part II.C. of this Code), and

Some provisions of the Code that are mandated by SEC rule cannot be waived. These provisions include, but are not limited to, the requirements that Access Persons periodically report holdings and securities transactions, and obtain pre-approval of investments in private placements.

PART I. FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

A.General Principles

The Firm expects all personnel to comply with the spirit of the Code, as well as the specific rules contained in the Code.

The Firm treats violations of this Code (including violations of the spirit of the Code) very seriously. If you violate either the letter or the spirit of this Code, the Firm may take disciplinary measures against you.

Improper trading activity can constitute a violation of this Code. You can also violate this Code by failing to file required reports, or by making inaccurate or misleading reports or statements

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concerning trading activity or securities accounts. Your conduct can violate this Code even if no clients are harmed by your conduct.

If you have any doubt or uncertainty about what this Code requires or permits, you should ask the Chief Compliance Officer. Please do not guess at the answer.

B.Conflicts of Interest

As a fiduciary, Frontier has an affirmative duty of loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interests of our clients. A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interest of an employee interferes (or could potentially interfere) with the employee's responsibilities to Frontier and our clients. Frontier strives to identify and avoid conflicts of interest with clients and to fully disclose all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any client. All employees should strive to avoid conflicts of interest and any situation that may have the appearance of a conflict or impropriety.

1.Conflicts among Client Interests

Access Persons are prohibited from inappropriate favoritism of one client over another client that would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty.

2.Competing with Client Trades

Access Persons are prohibited from using knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally (directly or indirectly) as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling such securities. Conflicts raised by personal securities transactions also are addressed more specifically below.

3.Disclosure of Personal Interest

Access Persons are prohibited from recommending, implementing or considering any securities transaction for a client without having disclosed any material beneficial ownership, business or personal relationship, or other material interest in the issuer or its affiliates, to the Chief Compliance Officer. If the Chief Compliance Officer deems the disclosed interest to present a material conflict, he will approve and sign off on any decision-making process regarding the securities of that issuer. This provision applies in addition to Frontier's quarterly and annual personal securities reporting requirements.

4.Referrals/Brokerage

Access Persons are required to act in the best interests of Frontier's clients regarding execution and other costs paid by clients for brokerage services. Access Persons must strictly adhere to Frontier's policies and procedures regarding brokerage (including best execution, soft dollars, and directed brokerage).

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5.Vendors and Suppliers

Access Persons must disclose to the Chief Compliance Officer any personal investments or other interests in vendors or suppliers with respect to which that person negotiates or makes decisions on behalf of the Firm. The Chief Compliance Officer in his sole discretion may prohibit an Access Person with such interest from negotiating or making decisions regarding Frontier's business with those companies.

6.No Transactions with Clients

Access Persons are not permitted to knowingly sell to, or purchase from, a client any security or other property, except an Access Person may purchase securities issued by a publicly-traded client, subject to the personal trading procedures described below.

7.Investment Consultant Relationships

Various institutional clients and prospects utilize investment consultants to advise them regarding the selection and oversight of investment advisers. Consultants may also provide various services or systems to investment advisers and may also sponsor events or conferences in which investment advisers are provided with an opportunity to participate. Payment for services provided by investment consultants, or the sponsoring of any event run by investment consultants, may result in the appearance of a conflict of interest. It is Frontier's policy that such payments should only be made to consultants where the services provided are necessary or appropriate for Frontier, or the sponsoring of the event is beneficial to Frontier and Frontier participates in such event. Such payments should not be made with the sole intention of influencing the consultant to recommend Frontier to its clients. Permission must be obtained from the Chief Compliance Officer prior to Frontier paying for any services or system provided by investment consultants or sponsoring of an event run by investment consultants.

C.Service on the Board or as an Officer of Another Company

To avoid conflicts of interest, inside information and other compliance and business issues, the Firm prohibits all its employees from serving as officers or members of the board of any other entity, except with the advance written approval of the Firm. Approval must be obtained through the Chief Compliance Officer, and will ordinarily require consideration by senior management. The Firm can deny approval for any reason. This prohibition does not apply to service as an officer or board member of any parent or subsidiary of the Firm or any not-for-profit, charitable foundation, educational institution or similar entity. In addition, employees must disclose promptly to Frontier's Chief Compliance Officer in the event a member of the employee's Family/Household is employed in the securities industry (e.g., broker-dealers, investment advisers, investment companies, hedge funds, etc.), serves on the board of a public company or holds an executive level position at a public company (e.g., CEO, CFO, etc.).

3

D.Compliance with Laws and Regulations

You must comply with all applicable federal securities laws. You are not permitted, in connection with the purchase or sale (directly or indirectly) of a security held or to be acquired by a Frontier client:

To defraud the client in any manner;

To mislead the client, including by making a statement that omits material facts;

To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the client;

To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the client; or

To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation.

E.Insider Trading

Employees are prohibited from any trading, either personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, non-public information. Employees are prohibited from communicating material nonpublic information to others in violation of the law. All employees who come into contact with material nonpublic information must notify the Chief Compliance Officer and are subject to Frontier's prohibitions on insider trading and any potential sanctions, as set forth in Frontier's Insider Trading and Material Non-Public Information policy. Additionally, each employee must comply with the Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. ("AMG") Insider Trading Policy. Collectively, this Code and Frontier's and AMG's insider trading policies comprise Frontier's policies and procedures with respect to insider trading and material, non-public information.

F.Initial and Annual Certification

The Code of Ethics will be distributed initially upon employment and then annually to all employees for review and certification.

PART II. PERSONAL TRADING

NOTE: Certain subsections in this Part, as indicated, apply not only to all personnel, but also to members of your Family/Household.

A.Reporting Requirements (also applies to members of your Family/Household)

NOTE: One of the most complicated parts of complying with this Code is understanding what holdings, transactions and accounts you must report and what accounts are subject to trading restrictions. For example, accounts of certain members of your family and household are covered, as are certain categories of trust accounts, certain investment pools in which you might participate and certain accounts that others may be managing for you. To be sure you understand what

4

holdings, transactions and accounts are covered, it is essential that you carefully review the definitions of Covered Security, Family/Household and Beneficial Ownership in the "Definitions" section at the end of this Code.

ALSO: You must file the reports described below, even if you have no holdings, transactions or accounts to list in the reports.

Copies of all reporting forms may be obtained from the Chief Compliance Officer.

1.Initial Holdings Reports

No later than 10 calendar days after you become an Access Person, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Initial Holdings Report. The information provided must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date you become an Access Person.

The Initial Holdings Report requires you to list all Covered Securities (including Affiliated Mutual Funds) in which you (or members of your Family/Household) have Beneficial Ownership. It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you maintained an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household on the date you became an Access Person.

2.Quarterly Transaction Reports

No later than 30 calendar days after the end of each quarter, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer a Quarterly Transaction Report.

The Quarterly Transaction Report requires you to list all transactions during the most recent calendar quarter in Covered Securities, including Affiliated Mutual Funds (other than transactions in Frontier's employee profit sharing plan) in which you (or a member of your Family/Household) had Beneficial Ownership. Information that must be included on the report includes the title and the amount of the security transacted, the date and nature of the transaction, the price at which the transaction was effected, and the name of the broker with whom the transaction was effected. It is permissible to include in such records a disclaimer where appropriate to the effect that the recording of a transaction pursuant to Rule 204-2 should not be construed as an admission that the Firm or the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the securities concerned. The report also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you or a member of your Family/Household established an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities) were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household.

3.Annual Holdings Reports

By January 30 of each year, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Annual Holdings Report. The information provided must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the report is submitted.

5

The Annual Holdings Report requires you to list all Covered Securities (including Affiliated Mutual Funds outside of Frontier's employee profit sharing plan) in which you (or a member of your Family/Household) had Beneficial Ownership as of December 31 of the prior year. It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you or a member of your Family/Household maintained an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household on December 31 of the prior year.

4.Exceptions from Reporting Requirements

You are not required to file any Reports for transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan.

5.Duplicate Confirmation Statements

If you or any member of your Family/Household has a securities account with any broker, dealer, or bank, you or your Family/Household member must direct that broker, dealer or bank to send, directly to the Firm's Chief Compliance Officer, contemporaneous duplicate copies of all transaction confirmation statements relating to that account. Frontier has arrangements, through its automated personal trading vendor, pursuant to which the vendor may establish electronic connectivity to allow Frontier to receive and access your, or any member of your Family/Household's, confirmations and/or account statements.

6.Disclosure Requirements for Discretionary Accounts

Access Persons may maintain Discretionary Accounts subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements described below. Provided they comply with all requirements of this Code, such accounts are exempt from the pre-clearance requirements outlined in this Code.

All Access Persons who maintain Discretionary Accounts must disclose such accounts to the Compliance Department. Such disclosure must include the following information:

Account Owner Name;

Account Number;

Name and Contact Information of the trustee or discretionary third party manager;

The trustee's or discretionary third party manager's firm; and

Description of the Access Person's relationship to the trustee or discretionary third party Manager, if any, including any affiliation or family relationship that may exist between the Access Person and the person or firm managing the account.

Additionally, the Access Person must promptly notify the Compliance Department when there is a change in the third party managed account arrangements.

6

7.Reporting Requirements for Discretionary Accounts

To the extent an Access Person has demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Chief Compliance Officer that an account is a Discretionary Account, the Chief Compliance Officer may, in his or her sole discretion, exempt such account from the pre-clearance and reporting requirements set forth herein. No Initial Holdings Report, Annual Holdings Report or Quarterly Transaction Report is required to be filed by an Access Person with respect to securities held in any Discretionary Accounts. Access Persons with Discretionary Accounts generally will be required to provide the Chief Compliance Officer with:

A notification within 10 days of opening a new Discretionary Account (Exhibit A);

An initial attestation must completed by the broker for the Discretionary Account within 10 days of the date the account is opened (Exhibit B). In addition, Access Persons must obtain this attestation for all Discretionary Accounts in existence as of the date of this Manual;

An annual confirmation from the broker via negative consent that the Access Person has no direct influence or control over the relevant accounts. The Chief Compliance Officer will send the initial version of the certification to the broker and if there are no changes, no response from the broker will be required; and

An annual attestation to be completed by the Access Person for any accounts that are being excluded on the basis that they are Discretionary Accounts (Exhibit C).

Compliance may require the provision of account statements for all Discretionary Accounts periodically to facilitate Compliance's oversight and monitoring of such accounts. The Compliance Department may also require Access Persons to re-certify their arrangements with the trustees or third party managers of the discretionary accounts periodically.

B.Transaction Restrictions

1.Prohibition on Trading in Covered Securities that are Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client

As a Firm policy, you are prohibited from trading in a Covered Security if you have actual knowledge that such security is being considered for purchase or sale on a client's behalf. This prohibition applies during the entire period that the Covered Security is being considered by the Firm for purchase or sale and regardless of whether the Covered Security is actually purchased or sold for the client.

This prohibition does not apply to the following categories of transactions:

Transactions in securities of limited partnerships for which the Firm serves as the investment advisor;

Transactions in corporate bonds, municipal bonds or government bonds;

7

Transactions that occur by operation of law or in a Discretionary Account or under any other circumstance in which neither you nor any member of your Family/Household exercises direct or indirect influence or control with respect to purchases or sales of securities or allocations of investments;

Purchases of Covered Securities pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan;

Purchases pursuant to the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of the class of Covered Securities held by you (or Family/Household member) and received by you (or Family/Household member) from the issuer;

Transactions in auction rate preferred shares of closed-end investment companies; and

Transactions in exchange traded funds.

NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements), and shares of registered mutual funds are also not subject to this prohibition.

2.Prohibition on Trading in Securities on Frontier's Restricted List

In order to avoid any actual or apparent conflict of interest with the Firm's trading on behalf of its clients, Frontier does not permit any purchases of securities that are currently on the Frontier Restricted List (except for those securities with a market cap greater than $28 billion), except in the limited case of a Hardship Exemption (as described in Part II.C of the Code) or in the case of the exceptions identified in Part II.B.1. of the Code above. Sales of securities on the Restricted List are subject to the pre-clearance obligations and other restrictions set forth in the Code. In addition, all sales of securities on the Restricted List must be approved in writing by the Chief Compliance Officer after the Chief Compliance Officer or his designee has confirmed with all relevant Frontier Portfolio Managers that they do not have any intention to transact in the security during the black-out period.

For purposes of this Code, securities with a market cap greater than $28 billion are excluded from the Restricted List, but still must be pre-cleared and reported.

3.Pre-clearance

You and members of your Family/Household are prohibited from engaging in any transaction in a Covered Security for any account in which you or a member of your Family/Household has any Beneficial Ownership, unless you obtain, in advance of the transaction, pre-clearance for that transaction. Pre-clearance is obtained through the Charles Schwab Compliance Technologies personal trading system.

8

If pre-clearance is obtained, the approval is valid for the day on which it is granted and the following business day. The Chief Compliance Officer may revoke a pre-clearance any time after it is granted and before you execute the transaction. The Chief Compliance Officer may deny or revoke pre-clearance for any reason. In no event will pre-clearance be granted for any Covered Security if the Firm has a buy or sell order pending for that same security or a closely related security (such as an option relating to that security, or a related convertible or exchangeable security).

Certain categories of transactions are exempt from the pre-clearance requirements. These exempt transactions are listed below:

Transactions in securities of limited partnerships for which the Firm serves as the investment advisor;

Transactions in corporate bonds, municipal bonds or government bonds;

Transactions that occur by operation of law or in a Discretionary Account or under any other circumstance in which neither you nor any member of your Family/Household exercises any discretion to buy or sell or makes recommendations to a person who exercises such discretion;

Purchases of Covered Securities pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan;

Purchases pursuant to the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of the class of Covered Securities held by you (or Family/Household member) and received by you (or Family/Household member) from the issuer;

Transactions in auction rate preferred shares of closed-end investment companies; and

Transactions in exchange traded funds.

NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements) and shares of registered mutual funds are also not subject to the pre-clearance requirements.

4.Private Placements

Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may acquire any Beneficial Ownership in any security (not just Covered Securities) in a private placement, except with the specific, advance written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer, which the Chief Compliance Officer may deny for any reason. Private Placements include, but are not limited to, hedge funds, securities purchased under rules 144A, Regulation S, Regulation D, and PIPEs.

9

5.Initial Public Offerings

Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may acquire any Beneficial Ownership in any security (not just Covered Securities) in an initial public offering.

6.Prohibition on Short-Term Trading

Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may purchase and sell at a profit, or sell and purchase, a Covered Security, including any Affiliated Mutual Funds (or any closely related security, such as an option or a related convertible or exchangeable security), within any period of 30 calendar days.

This prohibition does not apply to the following categories of transactions:

Transactions in securities of limited partnerships for which the Firm serves as the investment advisor;

Transactions in corporate bonds, municipal bonds or government bonds;

Transactions that occur by operation of law or in a Discretionary Account or under any other circumstance in which neither you nor any member of your Family/Household exercises any discretion to buy or sell or makes recommendations to a person who exercises such discretion;

Purchases of Covered Securities pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan;

Transactions in Frontier's employee profit sharing plan;

Purchases pursuant to the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of the class of Covered Securities held by you (or Family/Household member) and received by you (or Family/Household member) from the issuer;

Transactions in auction rate preferred shares of closed-end investment companies; and

Transactions in exchange traded funds.

NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements), and shares of unaffiliated mutual funds are also not subject to this prohibition.

7.Prohibition on Excessive Trading

Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may engage in more than 25 transactions in Covered Securities during a single calendar quarter. For purposes of this prohibition, contemporaneous purchases or sales of the same security on behalf of different accounts for which you or your Family/Household maintain beneficial interest are considered to be a single transaction.

This prohibition does not apply to the following categories of transactions:

10

Transactions in securities of limited partnerships for which the Firm serves as the investment advisor;

Transactions in corporate bonds, municipal bonds or government bonds;

Transactions that occur by operation of law or in a Discretionary Account or under any other circumstance in which neither you nor any member of your Family/Household exercises any discretion to buy or sell or makes recommendations to a person who exercises such discretion;

Purchases of Covered Securities pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan;

Transactions in Frontier's employee profit sharing plan;

Purchases pursuant to the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of the class of Covered Securities held by you (or Family/Household member) and received by you (or Family/Household member) from the issuer;

Transactions in auction rate preferred shares of closed-end investment companies; and

Transactions in exchange traded funds.

NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements), and shares of unaffiliated mutual funds are also not subject to this prohibition.

8.Prohibition on Options

Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may purchase a put option or sell a call option, either directly or through any Beneficial Ownership, in any Covered Security. This prohibition does not apply to transactions in Covered Securities by Firm-sponsored collective investment vehicles for which the Firm serves as investment advisor as to which you may be deemed to have Beneficial Ownership.

9.Affiliated Mutual Funds

As mentioned above, neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may purchase and sell at a profit or sell and purchase within any 30 calendar day period, shares in any Affiliated Mutual Fund (other than transactions in Frontier's employee profit sharing plan) (as defined, any mutual fund advised or sub-advised by Frontier or its affiliates). A current list of Affiliated Mutual Funds is provided to employees.

10.Black-Out Period

The 7-day blackout period described below applies to all Access Persons. It is designed to prevent front-running and various other activities that create conflicts with the interests of clients.

No Access Person (including any member of the Family/Household of such Access Person) may purchase or sell any Covered Security within the three trading days immediately before or after a trading day on which any client account managed by the Firm purchases or sells that Covered

11

Security (or any closely related security, such as an option or a related convertible or exchangeable security). Note that the total blackout period is 7 days (the day of the client trade, plus three trading days before and three days after).

NOTE: Portfolio Managers: It sometimes happens that an Access Person who is responsible for making final investment decisions for client accounts (i.e., a Portfolio Manager) determines, within the three trading days after the day he or she (or a member of his or her Family/Household) has purchased or sold for his or her own account a Covered Security that was not, to the Access Person's knowledge, then under consideration for purchase or sale by any client account, that it would be desirable for client accounts as to which the Access Person is responsible for making investment decisions to purchase or sell the same Covered Security (or a closely related security). In this situation, the Access Person MUST put the clients' interests first and promptly make the investment decision in the clients' interest, rather than delaying the decision for clients to avoid conflict with the blackout provisions of this Code.

NOTE: Research Analysts: It sometimes happens that an Access Person who is responsible for making investment recommendations for client accounts (i.e., a research analyst) determines, within the three trading days after the day he or she (or a member of his or her Family/Household) has purchased or sold for his or her own account a Covered Security that was not, to the Access Person's knowledge, then under consideration for purchase or sale by any client account, that it would be desirable for client accounts as to which the Access Person is responsible for making investment recommendations to recommend the purchase or sale of the same Covered Security (or a closely related security). In this situation, the Access Person MUST put the clients' interests first and promptly make the investment recommendation in the clients' interest, rather than delaying the recommendation for clients to avoid conflict with the blackout provisions of this Code.

The Firm recognizes that certain situations may occur entirely in good faith and will not take disciplinary measures in such instances if it appears that the Access Person acted in good faith and in the best interests of the Firm's clients. The above notes are merely examples and thus are not exhaustive, nor are they intended to specify instances of compliance and non-compliance with the 7-day Blackout Period restrictions, but rather are provided for clarification purposes to help ensure that any apparent or real conflicts that may arise between compliance with the Blackout Period and the pursuit of clients' interests are always resolved in favor of the clients' interests.

The blackout requirements do not apply to the exempt categories of transactions listed in Part II.B.1 of the Code.

C.Hardship Exemption

An employee may submit to the Chief Compliance Officer a request for an exemption from a particular provision of the Code for a hardship situation (e.g., unforeseen medical or other significant expenses or the purchase of a home). All requests must be in writing and state the reasons for the hardship. Any such request will require the approval of the CCO. Any such waiver request may be denied at the CCO's sole discretion, and any such decision will be final. If the CCO approves an exemption, the Firm may require certain conditions to be met by the employee in conducting the personal trade(s) to ensure that there is no actual or apparent conflict of interest

12

created by the exemption. The CCO shall document in writing the decisions supporting all such approvals or denials to requests for hardship exemptions.

PART III. RECORDKEEPING

Frontier maintains the following records related to the Code in a readily accessible place:

A copy of each Code that has been in effect at any time during the past five years;

A record of any violation of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation for five years from the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred;

A record of written acknowledgements for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, an Access Person;

Holdings and transactions reports made pursuant to the Code, including any brokerage confirmation and account statements made in lieu of these reports;

A list of the names of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, Access Persons;

A list of persons who are currently, or within the past five years were, Investment Persons;

A record of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities by Access Persons in limited offerings; and

A record of any decision and supporting reasons for granting any employee a waiver to or from or exception to the Code.

PART IV. FORM ADV DISCLOSURE

The Chief Compliance Officer shall be responsible for providing an updated copy of Frontier's Code to any client or prospective client upon request. The Chief Compliance Officer shall also ensure that Frontier's Form ADV includes an updated description of the Code.

PART V. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE CODE

1.Monitoring of Personal Securities Transactions

The Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for periodically reviewing the personal securities transactions and holdings reports of Access Persons. The Chief Operating Officer is responsible for reviewing and monitoring the personal securities transactions of the Chief Compliance Officer and for taking on the responsibilities of the Chief Compliance Officer in the Chief Compliance Officer's absence.

2.Training and Education

The Chief Compliance Officer shall be responsible for training and educating employees regarding the Code. Such training shall be mandatory for all employees and shall occur as determined necessary by the Chief Compliance Officer and at least annually.

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3.Annual Review

The Chief Compliance Officer shall review the adequacy of the Code and the effectiveness of its implementation as the Chief Compliance Officer deems appropriate and at least annually.

4.Report to Management Committee

The Chief Compliance Officer shall provide a quarterly report to Frontier's Management Committee showing the review of all employee personal trading activity. Such report shall include a full discussion of any material violations of the Code.

5.Reporting Potential Violations/Wrongdoing

All Access Persons are required to act honestly and ethically in support of the culture of integrity that we have all fostered within Frontier. Since every Access Person is a valued member of the team which makes up Frontier, this broad requirement includes acting in what each individual believes to be Frontier's best interest, which includes reporting any concerns regarding any potential violations of any applicable law, rule or policy, or any other potential wrongdoing, by Frontier, any of our employees or any of our service providers. If Frontier's management is unaware of such activities, these potential violations may ultimately have an adverse effect on all of us as members of Frontier.

Accordingly, every employee of Frontier is required to report any potential violations of any applicable law, rule or policy, or other potential wrongdoing, including "apparent" or "suspected" violations, promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer. In addition, any supervisor or member of management who received a report of a potential violation or wrongdoing must immediately inform the Chief Compliance Officer. If the Chief Compliance Officer is involved in the potential violation or wrongdoing, the employee may report the matter to a member of the Management Committee.

"Violations" should be interpreted broadly, and may include, but are not limited to, such items as:

Noncompliance with laws, rules and regulations applicable to the business of Frontier;

fraud or illegal acts involving any aspect of Frontier's business;

material misstatement in regulatory filings, internal books and records, client records or reports;

activity that is harmful to clients, including any fund shareholders; and

deviations from required internal controls, policies and procedures that safeguard clients and Frontier.

All such reports will be taken seriously, investigated promptly and appropriately, and treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law.

Investigation. Potential violations shall be promptly investigated by the Chief Compliance Officer and/or a member of the Management Committee. During the course of the investigation, the Chief Compliance Officer or Management Committee member will be in contact with the

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reporting Access Person to inform the Access Person of the status of the investigation. In addition, the reporting Access Person may check with the investigator on the status at any time. Following Frontier's investigation, Access Persons who are deemed to have committed any violations or other wrongdoing may be subject to disciplinary action as described in Part VI of the Code below.

Retaliation. Retaliation of any type against an Access Person who reports a suspected violation or assists in the investigation of such conduct (even if the conduct is not found to be a violation) is strictly prohibited and constitutes a further violation of the Code and these procedures.

Guidance. All Access Persons are encouraged (and have the responsibility) to ask questions and seek guidance from the Chief Compliance Officer or a member of the Management Committee with respect to any action or transaction that may constitute a violation and to refrain from any action or transaction which might lead to the appearance of a violation. The Chief Compliance Officer will also provide periodic training to Frontier's Access Persons regarding the requirements of these policies and procedures.

Nothing in this Code or in any other agreements you may have with Frontier is intended to or shall preclude or impede you from cooperating with any governmental or regulatory entity or agency in any investigation, or from communicating any suspected wrongdoing or violation of law to any such entity or agency, including, but not limited to, reporting pursuant to the "whistleblower rules" promulgated by the Securities Exchange Commission (Security Exchange Act Rules 21F-1, et seq.).

F.Further Information Regarding the Code.

You should contact the Chief Compliance Officer to obtain any additional information about compliance and ethical issues.

PART VI. CODE OF ETHICS SANCTION GUIDELINES

Violations of the Code of Ethics will be addressed by Frontier's Chief Compliance Officer and his/her designee, and/or by the Management Committee. Violations may result in disciplinary sanctions, including but not limited to oral or written reprimands, disgorgement of profits, suspension of personal trading privileges, fines, reassignment or demotion of employment responsibilities, termination of employment, and notification of appropriate governmental or regulatory authorities. Violation of the Code may also result in criminal prosecution or civil action.

The Chief Compliance Officer will have discretion to determine the sanctions to be applied in response to violations of the Code, but will obtain the prior approval of the Management Committee for any recommended sanctions other than reprimands or disgorgement of profits. The severity of sanctions will reflect the materiality of the violation and may increase with repeat violations of the Code.

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NOTE: Sanctions will be applied whether the violation was committed by the employee or any Family/Household member of the employee, as Family/Household member is defined within the Code.

PART VII. DEFINITIONS

These terms have special meanings in this Code of Ethics:

Access Person

Affiliated Mutual Funds

Beneficial Ownership

Chief Compliance Officer

Covered Security

Discretionary Account

Family/Household

Reporting Forms

Restricted List

The special meanings of these terms as used in this Code of Ethics are explained below. Some of these terms (such as "beneficial ownership") are sometimes used in other contexts, not related to Codes of Ethics, where they have different meanings. For example, "beneficial ownership" has a different meaning in this Code of Ethics than it does in the SEC's rules for proxy statement disclosure of corporate directors' and officers' stockholdings, or in determining whether an investor has to file 13D or 13G reports with the SEC.

IMPORTANT: If you have any doubt or question about whether an investment, account or person is covered by any of these definitions, ask the Chief Compliance Officer. Please do not guess at the answer.

Access Person includes all employees of the Firm. The Firm, at the Chief Compliance Officer's discretion, may also subject certain individuals, including interns, co-ops, temporary employees, contract employees or independent contractors to any part or all of the Firm's Code of Ethics and its requirements.

Affiliated Mutual Funds means any mutual fund to which Frontier or an AMG affiliate acts as investment adviser or sub-adviser. The Chief Compliance Officer will, from time to time, provide a current list of Affiliated Mutual Funds.

Beneficial Ownership means any opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in the profit from any transaction in securities. It also includes transactions over which you exercise investment discretion (other than for a client of the Firm), even if you don't share in the profits.

Beneficial Ownership is a very broad concept. Some examples of forms of Beneficial Ownership include:

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Securities held in a person's own name, or that are held for the person's benefit in nominee, custodial or "street name" accounts;

Securities owned by or for a partnership in which the person is a general partner (whether the ownership is under the name of that partner, another partner or the partnership or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account);

Securities that are being managed for a person's benefit on a discretionary basis by an investment adviser, broker, bank, trust company or other manager, unless the securities are held in a "blind trust" or Discretionary Account;

Securities in a person's individual retirement account;

Securities in a person's account in a 401(k) or similar retirement plan, even if the person has chosen to give someone else investment discretion over the account;

Securities owned by a trust of which the person is either a trustee or a beneficiary;

Securities owned by a corporation, partnership or other entity that the person controls (whether the ownership is under the name of that person, under the name of the entity or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account); and

Securities owned by an investment club in which the person participates.

This is not a complete list of the forms of ownership that could constitute Beneficial Ownership for purposes of this Code. You should ask the Chief Compliance Officer if you have any questions or doubts at all about whether you or a member of your Family/Household would be considered to have Beneficial Ownership in any particular situation.

Chief Compliance Officer means the person listed on the Advisor's current Form ADV filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as the Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer may designate another person to perform the functions of Chief Compliance Officer when he is not available.

Covered Security means anything that is considered a "security" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, except:

Direct obligations of the U.S. Government;

Bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements;

Shares of open-end investment companies that are registered under the Investment Company Act (except Affiliated Mutual Funds); and

Shares of money market funds.

This is a very broad definition of security. It includes most kinds of investment instruments, including things that you might not ordinarily think of as "securities," such as:

options on securities, on indexes and on currencies;

investments in all kinds of limited partnerships;

investments in foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds; and

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investments in private investment funds and limited partnerships (note that investments in private investment funds and limited partnerships advised by the Firm are not subject to the transaction prohibitions, pre-clearance requirements or blackout provisions set forth in Part II.B. of this Code).

For the purposes of this Code of Ethics, exchange traded funds are considered Covered Securities and must be reported.

If you have any question or doubt about whether an investment is considered a security or a Covered Security under this Code, ask the Chief Compliance Officer.

Discretionary Account is an account: (a) for which an Access Person has granted a trustee or a discretionary third party manager investment authority over the account; and (b) over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control with respect to purchases or sales of securities or allocations of investments (e.g. the holder does not make security recommendations to the third party).

Family/Household means the following members:

Your spouse or domestic partner (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support);

Your children under the age of 18;

Your children who are 18 or older (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support); and

Any of these people who live in your household: your stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, parents-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, including adoptive relationships.

NOTE: There are a number of reasons why this Code covers transactions in which members of your Family/Household have Beneficial Ownership. First, the SEC regards any benefit to a person that you help support financially as indirectly benefiting you, because it could reduce the amount that you might otherwise contribute to that person's support. Second, members of your household could, in some circumstances, learn of information regarding the Firm's trading or recommendations for client accounts, and must not be allowed to benefit from that information.

Reporting Forms means the various documents that Access Persons may be required to complete upon being subject to the Code, including a listing of securities holdings and brokerage accounts and a disciplinary questionnaire.

Restricted List means the list of securities, both equities and fixed income, for all of Frontier's investment strategies that are held in Frontier's client accounts; however, securities with a market cap greater than $28 billion are excluded from the Restricted List.

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Exhibit A - Discretionary Accounts Initial Notification Form

I have retained a trustee or third party manager (the "Manager") to manage the following accounts over which I have no direct or indirect influence or control (the "Accounts"):

 

Name of Broker,

 

 

 

 

 

Relationship to Manager

 

 

 

 

Account Number

 

 

(independent professional, friend,

 

 

Dealer, or Bank

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

relative, etc.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I acknowledge and certify that:

1.I will have no direct or indirect influence or control1 over the Accounts;

2.If my control over the Accounts should change in any way, I will immediately notify the Chief Compliance Officer in writing of such change and will provide any required information regarding holdings and transactions in the Accounts;

3.I agree to provide reports of holdings and/or transactions (including, but not limited to, duplicate account statements and trade confirmations) made in the Accounts at the request of the Chief Compliance Officer;

4.I will not suggest that the Manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Accounts;

5.I will not direct the Manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Accounts; and

6.I will not consult with the Manager as to the particular allocation of investments to be made in the Accounts.

I certify and acknowledge that the information in this form is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and agree to immediately notify the firm if such information becomes inaccurate in any way.

SIGNATURE:

NAME:

DATE:

1No direct or indirect influence or control means that you do not suggest that the Manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Account (s), direct the Manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Account, or consult with the Manager as to the particular allocation of investments to be made in the Account.

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Exhibit B – Discretionary Accounts Broker Confirmation Form

[BROKER LETTERHEAD]

[DATE]

Frontier Capital Management Co., LLC

Attn: Chief Compliance Officer

99 Summer Street

Boston, MA 02116

Re: [Insert Broker Name & Account #'s _________] (the Account(s)")

To Whom It May Concern:

For purposes of Frontier's Code of Ethics and its policies regarding personal trading by Access Persons, please accept this letter as confirmation that [NAME OF ACCESS PERSON] (the "Access Person") has "no direct or indirect influence or control" with respect to the purchases and sales of financial instruments in the Account(s).

"No direct or indirect influence or control" means that the Access Person does NOT:

suggest to anyone that a particular purchase or sale of securities be made for the Account(s);

direct anyone to make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Account(s); or

consult with anyone as to the particular allocation of investments to be made in the Account(s). We will contact you immediately in the event of any changes to the above confirmation.

Regards,

SIGNATURE:

NAME:

TITLE/CAPACITY:__________________________________________

DATE:

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Exhibit C – Discretionary Accounts Broker Annual Disclosure Form

PLEASE CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX:

I have no Discretionary Accounts (e.g., accounts over which I have no direct or indirect influence or control);

OR

I have retained a trustee or third party manager (the "Manager") to manage certain of my accounts. Following is a list of the accounts over which I have no direct or indirect influence or control (the "Accounts"):

 

 

Relationship to Manager

Name of Broker, Dealer, or

 

(independent professional, friend,

Bank

Account Number

relative, etc.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I acknowledge and certify that:

1.I have no direct or indirect influence or control2 over the Accounts;

2.If my control over the Accounts should change in any way, I will immediately notify the Chief Compliance Officer in writing of such change and will provide any required information regarding holdings and transactions in the Accounts;

3.I agree to provide reports of holdings and/or transactions (including, but not limited to, duplicate account statements and trade confirmations) made in the Accounts at the request of the Chief Compliance Officer;

4.I did not suggest that the Manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Accounts during the period covered by this report;

1.I did not direct the Manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Accounts during the period covered by this report;

2No direct or indirect influence or control means that you do not suggest that the Manager make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Account (s), direct the Manager to make any particular purchases or sales of securities for the Account, or consult with the Manager as to the particular allocation of investments to be made in the Account.

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Exhibit C – Discretionary Accounts Broker Annual Disclosure Form

2.I did not consult with the Manager as to the particular allocation of investments to be made in the Accounts during the period covered by this report; and

3.I will contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately in the event that a non-discretionary or fully managed account over which I have direct or indirect beneficial ownership is opened.

I certify and acknowledge that the information in this form is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and agree to immediately notify the firm if such information becomes inaccurate in any way.

SIGNATURE:

NAME:

DATE:

December 2019

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Code of Ethics

Do the right thing

October, 2020

Table of Contents

 

Message from our CEO

 

The Code of Ethics at a Glance...........................................................................................................................

2

Section 1. Background.........................................................................................................................................

4

Section 2. Standards of Conduct.........................................................................................................................

4

2.1. Conflicts of Interest

 

(a)When can conflicts of interest arise?

(b)What types of conflicts of interest must I avoid?

(c)Which conflicts of interest do I need to disclose?

(d)When and how do I disclose conflicts of interest?

Section 3. Outside Business Activities ...............................................................................................................

8

3.1 Outside Business Activity Requirements

 

(a)Am I prohibited from engaging in any outside business activities?

(b)Am I required to obtain preclearance for any outside business activities?

(c)What outside business activities do not require preclearance?

(d)When and how do I preclear an outside business activity?

Section 4. Gift and Entertainment Policy............................................................................................................

10

Section 5.

Anti-Bribery Policy ............................................................................................................................

10

Section 6.

Antitrust and Competition Policy ......................................................................................................

12

Section 7. Duty of Confidentiality.......................................................................................................................

12

Section 8. Personal Trading and Reporting Requirements .................................................................................

14

8.1General Trading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements

(a) What are the general trading prohibitions?

(b) Am I required to maintain Securities in a brokerage account at Vanguard?

(c) What am I required to report?

8.2 Additional Trading and Reporting Requirements for Investment Persons ..................................................

15

(a)Which Securities trades am I required to preclear?

(b)How do I obtain preclearance?

(c)How long is my preclearance approval valid?

(d)Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

(e)Are there Securities transactions that I do not need to preclear?

(f)Am I subject to restrictions on my personal trading in Covered Securities?

(g)Am I prohibited from engaging in certain Securities transactions?

(h)What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

(i)Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

Table of Contents (continued)

 

8.3 Additional Trading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements for Fund Access Persons ...........................

20

(a) Which Securities trades am I required to preclear?

 

(b) How do I obtain preclearance?

 

(c) How long is my preclearance approval valid?

 

(d) Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

 

(e) Are there Securities transactions that I do not need to preclear?

 

(f) Am I subject to restrictions on my personal trading in Covered Securities?

 

(g) Am I prohibited from engaging in any Securities transactions?

 

(h) What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

 

(i) Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

 

8.4 Additional Trading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements for VAI Access Persons ..............................

24

(a) Am I required to preclear Security trades?

 

(b) Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

 

(c) Am I prohibited from engaging in any Securities transactions?

 

(d) What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

 

(e) Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

 

8.5 Additional Trading Prohibitions for Non-U.S. Crew Members ...................................................................

26

(a)What are the additional trading prohibitions?

(b)What are the Vanguard Fund reporting requirements in Australia?

(c)What are the additional trading restrictions for Japan?

(d)What additional information is required to be reported for accounts where I have Investment Discretion?

Section 9. Certification Requirements..............................................................................................................

28

9.1What am I required to certify initially?

9.2What am I required to certify annually?

Section 10. Penalties and Sanctions..................................................................................................................

28

10.1How are violations administered by Compliance?

10.2How is an appropriate sanction determined?

10.3How is the materiality of a violation determined?

10.4What are my obligations to report a violation?

Section 11. Waivers............................................................................................................................................

29

Appendix A. Definitions.....................................................................................................................................

31

Appendix B. Independent Directors and Trustees.............................................................................................

36

Excellence

Integrity

Responsibility

Do the right thing

At Vanguard, the trust of our clients is our greatest asset. And that trust can only be preserved if each one of us does the right thing on behalf of Vanguard and our clients.

Our Code of Ethics is built on our commitment to maintaining the highest standards of ethical behavior and fiduciary responsibility. Our actions, decisions, and interests should never compete with the interests of Vanguard or our clients.

All crew members are responsible for understanding and complying with our Code of Ethics. Please know and follow the policies that apply to you, and be accountable for your actions. If you are a manager, help your crew to understand and comply with the Code of Ethics through your words and your actions.

Use the Code of Ethics as your guide when faced with challenging decisions or circumstances. But remember, the Code of Ethics is a document. It cannot anticipate every situation. Ultimately, we rely on your sense of personal integrity to protect and enhance Vanguard's reputation. Never underestimate the importance of your own ethical conduct in our mission to treat investors fairly and give them the best chance to succeed.

Mortimer J. Buckley

President and Chief Executive Officer

The Code of Ethics at a Glance

Below are some of the general requirements of the Code of Ethics which may impact you the most. These descriptions are for guidance only. Please consult the applicable provisions of the Code of Ethics for detailed requirements.

1. Clients' Interests Come First

You must serve the interests of Vanguard Clients ahead of your own personal interests.

2. Conflicts of Interest

Your actions, decisions, and interests should not compete or conflict with Vanguard

or Vanguard Clients' interests. You must report any potential conflicts of interest to Compliance.

3. Business Activities Outside of Vanguard

You may engage in outside business activities that do not conflict with Vanguard's interests; however, you must obtain approval from Compliance for certain outside business activities.

4. Gifts and Entertainment

When doing business with Vanguard Clients, vendors, potential Vanguard Clients, and others, you must abide by limitations on giving and receiving gifts and business entertainment. Under the Gift and Entertainment Policy, you must report certain gifts and entertainment to Compliance.

6. Antitrust and Competition

You are prohibited from engaging in activity that could have an anticompetitive effect on the price of goods, services, securities,

or other trading conditions in the global marketplace in which we operate.

7. Insider Trading

You are prohibited from buying or selling any Security while in the possession of material nonpublic information about the issuer of the Security.

8. Personal Trading Activities

You are required to abide by the Code of Ethics requirements related to holding, reporting, and trading Securities for personal benefit. Personal trading restrictions and reporting requirements vary depending on the rules of the country you are working in and whether you are an Access Person or a Non-Access Person.

9. Certification Requirements

On an annual basis, you must acknowledge that you understand the Code of Ethics and will comply with its provisions.

5. Anti-Bribery

You are prohibited from engaging or participating in any form of bribery or corruption.

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Clients' Interests Come First

You must serve the interests of Vanguard Clients ahead of your own personal interests.

Section 1. Background

The Code of Ethics ("Code") has been approved and adopted by the board of directors of The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("Vanguard"), the boards of trustees of each of the Vanguard Funds, and the boards of directors of each of Vanguard's Affiliates, as applicable. Unless stated otherwise, the Code applies to all Crew Members and Contingent Workers. The Code also contains provisions applicable to Independent Directors and Trustees (Appendix B).

Section 2. Standards of Conduct

Vanguard consistently seeks to earn and maintain the trust and loyalty of our clients by adhering to the highest standards of ethical behavior and fiduciary responsibility. You must adhere at all times to the spirit, and not just the letter, of the Code. Any transaction or activity that violates any of the standards of conduct described below is prohibited, regardless of whether it meets technical rules found elsewhere in the Code. Accordingly, you must conduct yourself in accordance with applicable law and regulations, and the following standards of conduct:

Always put Vanguard clients' interests first. You must at all times place the interests of Vanguard clients first. In particular, you must avoid serving your own personal interests ahead of the interests of Vanguard clients.

Avoid conflicts of interest. Your actions, decisions, and interests cannot compete or conflict with Vanguard's interests or the interests of Vanguard clients. You must ensure that you do not have a conflict with your duties for Vanguard and that you do not use Vanguard's name, property, facilities, confidential information, relationships, or other assets for personal benefit or for outside work or other endeavors. Vanguard Affiliates or your specific department may have additional policies regarding conflicts of interest that you must also follow.

Be candid and clear with clients and provide them with accurate information. To serve our clients well and continue to earn their trust, you must always be truthful and candid with them.

Doing so is both legally required and the proper, ethical thing to do. When providing information or disclosure to clients or the public, you must follow Vanguard policy and procedure, and

the information must be full, fair, timely, and accurate and not potentially misleading. If you have any questions on this topic, seek advice from your manager, the Compliance Department, or the OGC.

Comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and policies. Financial services is a complex and highly regulated business and, as a result, Vanguard and its business lines are subject to various laws, rules, and regulations, including securities, banking, tax, and other federal, state, local, and international laws. We serve our clients best when we understand and comply with the rules. Therefore, you are responsible for reviewing this Policy and the other policies that apply to us and our business lines, and you are also responsible for knowing

– and complying with – the laws, rules, and regulations that apply to your role and the area or department in which you work. Vanguard offers formal and informal procedures, training, and other resources to help you understand the applicable laws, rules, regulations and policies, and you are expected to familiarize yourself with them and complete any required training. When in doubt about applicable laws, rules, regulations, or policies, seek advice from your manager, the Compliance Department, or the OGC.

Protect against fraud. As set forth more fully in Vanguard's Global Internal and Occupational Fraud Policy and Vanguard's Global External Fraud Policy, we are committed to protecting Vanguard and our clients against fraud, misappropriation, and similar threats, whether internal or external. You must be vigilant in helping to prevent, detect, and manage fraud risk of all types.

To familiarize yourself with examples of fraud schemes, both internal and external, please refer to the Global Fraud Prevention page on CrewNet. If you discover or suspect fraudulent activity, please immediately contact the Global Fraud Prevention Team.

Speak up. Vanguard encourages an environment of open and honest communication, and we have many ways for you to raise concerns about

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Conflicts of Interest

Your actions, decisions, and interests should not compete or conflict with Vanguard or Vanguard Clients' interests. You must report any potential conflicts of interest to Compliance.

any issue, including business practices or ethical matters, even if you aren't sure whether or not the issue is problematic. We encourage you to help protect our clients, crew, and Vanguard

by reporting potential concerns related to this Code of Ethics, financial or business integrity, information security and privacy, workplace practices, and alleged violations of policy or regulation. Vanguard has contracted with a third party to offer the Anonymous Reporting Hotline, a toll-free, 24-hour telephone number and secure website to anonymously report any such concerns without fear of retaliation. As always, you can also voice concerns to your manager or to Crew Relations.

2.1 Conflicts of Interest

A conflict of interest is defined as any situation where financial or other personal factors can compromise independence, objectivity, or professional judgment. A conflict of interest exists when these factors compete, or give the appearance of competing, with your duty to serve the interests of Vanguard and Vanguard Clients.

2.1(a) When can conflicts of interest arise?

Even the perception of a conflict could negatively affect Vanguard and harm our reputation. It's important to understand the following conflict situations:

Actual conflict of interest. A situation where your personal interests directly conflict with your duties, responsibilities, or the terms of your assignment at Vanguard.

Perceived conflict of interest. A situation where it appears that your personal interests inappropriately influence the performance of your duties, responsibilities, or the terms of your assignment at Vanguard − whether founded or not.

Potential conflict of interest. A situation that could arise in the future where your personal interests would affect your duties, responsibilities, or the terms of your assignment at Vanguard.

Depending on your role or the terms of your assignment at Vanguard, the potential for conflict may also arise where an Immediate Family Member is employed by, or associated with, a company with which Vanguard has or is looking to establish a relationship.

Example:Your spouse is employed as a trader at a brokerage firm that executes Vanguard Fund trades − if you are a phone associate, a conflict may not exist; however, if you hold a position in the Investment Management Group or Fund Financial Services, a potential conflict may exist.

2.1(b) What types of conflicts of interest must I avoid?

You need to avoid situations where a conflict of interest could arise, including:

Any business interest that competes, directly or indirectly, with the interests of Vanguard or Vanguard Clients while working on Vanguard matters.

Any situation where you would benefit, directly or indirectly, from Vanguard's dealings with others.

2.1(c) Which conflicts of interest do I need to disclose?

You are required to disclose the following information:

Any situation that may present the potential for a conflict of interest with Vanguard's business or the interests of Vanguard Clients.

Any employment arrangements or positions (e.g., board member) of an Immediate Family Member that may present the potential for conflict with Vanguard and its activities (e.g., relationships with potential or existing vendors or financial institutions, including banks, with whom Vanguard conducts business).

2.1(d) When and how do I disclose conflicts of interest?

Report any conflicts – whether actual, perceived, or potential – to Compliance as soon as they arise.

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Business Activities

Outside of Vanguard

You may engage in outside business activities that do not conflict with Vanguard's interests; however, you must obtain approval from Compliance for certain outside business activities.

Gifts and Entertainment

When doing business with Vanguard Clients, vendors, potential Vanguard Clients, and others, you must abide by limitations on giving and receiving gifts and business entertainment. Under the Gift and Entertainment Policy, you must report certain gifts and entertainment to Compliance.

Anti-Bribery

You are prohibited from engaging or participating in any form of bribery or corruption.

Contact Compliance if you encounter a conflict that is not explicitly addressed by our policies, or is potentially significant to a business area or across divisions.

Certain Vanguard Affiliates or departments may have additional policies regarding conflicts of interest. Crew Members and Contingent Workers in those departments must also follow those policies. If in doubt about whether you are subject to additional departmental or Vanguard Affiliate policies, please check with your Vanguard manager or Compliance.

Contingent Workers must also consult with their employer if an actual, perceived, or potential conflict arises.

MCO Resource – To disclose conflicts of interest, complete a Conflicts of Interest Disclosure Form via MCO.

Section 3. Outside Business Activities

You are permitted to engage in certain outside business activities (permanent, part-time, or one-time assignment) during your personal time. However, those activities must not adversely affect Vanguard or present a conflict of interest. Your job at Vanguard must come first over other business opportunities, nonprofit activities, or a second job. Be mindful of conflicts, obtain any necessary approvals, and be aware that you may be required to discontinue an activity if a conflict exists.

While Contingent Workers are exempt from the requirements of Section 3, those Contingent Workers who hold a FINRA license are required to comply with the FINRA Licensing Policy on CrewNet.

In addition to the requirements and restrictions in this section, the following supplemental policies may apply to Crew Members:

Senior Executive Covered Activity Policy (officers and Crew Members in roles designated as M6/P6/S6 or higher).

Managing Director Outside Business Activity Policy.

If there is a conflict between a requirement in the Code and a more restrictive requirement in one of these supplemental policies, the more restrictive requirement outlined in the Senior Executive Covered Activity Policy or the Managing Director Outside Business Activity Policy will govern.

Web Resource – If you are FINRA licensed, you are also required to comply with the FINRA Licensing Policy on CrewNet.

3.1 Outside Business Activity Requirements

3.1(a) Am I prohibited from engaging in any outside business activities?

Yes. The following activities are generally prohibited:

Holding a second job with any company or organization whose activities could create a conflict of interest with your employment at Vanguard. This includes, but is not limited to, selling Securities, term insurance, or fixed or variable annuities; providing investment advice or financial planning or registering as an independent investment advisor; or engaging in any business activity similar to your job at Vanguard.

Working, including serving as a director, officer, or in an advisory capacity, for any business or enterprise that competes with Vanguard.

Working for any organization that could benefit from your knowledge of confidential Vanguard information, such as new Vanguard products, services, or technology.

Serving on the board of a publicly traded company (or on the board of a company reasonably expected to become a public company).

Using Vanguard time, equipment, services, or property or enlisting Crew Members for the benefit of the outside business activity.

Allowing your activities, or the time you spend on them, to interfere with the performance of your job.

Accepting a business opportunity from someone who does, or seeks to do, business with

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Vanguard if the person made the offer because of your position at Vanguard.

Selling interests, soliciting investors or referring participants to a Private Securities Transaction.

Certain elected or appointed political positions.

3.1(b) Am I required to obtain preclearance for any outside business activities?

Yes. You are required to obtain prior written approval for the following outside business activities:

Compensated positions held outside of Vanguard, including positions with a nonprofit or charitable organization.

All entrepreneurial activities, including home and family businesses and independent consulting.

Volunteer positions that involve reviewing, recommending or approving Securities for an organization. This includes, but is not limited to, serving on the finance or investment committee of a nonprofit organization, or serving as treasurer for a homeowners association or on a school board.

Any activity where your role is similar or closely related to your responsibilities at Vanguard.

Any government position, whether paid or unpaid, elected or appointed (e.g., an elected official or member, director, officer, or employee of a government agency, authority, advisory board or other board, such as a public school or library board).

Any official position with any federal, state, or local government authority, or service as a board member or in any representative capacity for any civic, public interest, or regional business interest organization. Example: You are the executive director of a local chamber of commerce or on the board of a wildlife protection organization.

Any board position, whether compensated or non-compensated, including advisory positions. This includes, but is not limited to, positions on boards of nonprofit organizations, charitable foundations, universities, hospitals, and civic, religious, or fraternal organizations.

Any position on a panel or committee of an index provider.

Acting as a real estate agent or conducting any mortgage related activities.

Any teaching positions where the subject matter relates to Vanguard business that is not in the course of your duties for Vanguard.

Crypto Mining for Digital Currencies, Digital Utility Tokens, or Digital Security Tokens.

Engaging in an equity or a debt-based Crowdfunding project or venture.

3.1(c) What outside business activities do not require preclearance?

You are not required to obtain written approval for the following activities:

Compensated positions in a retail business − for example, positions in retail or department stores or in the food service industry.

Ownership of a second home, rental property, or investment property, provided that the property does not do business with Vanguard.

Selling items on online auction sites, so long as it is not operated as a business.

Unpaid positions with holding companies, trusts, or non-operating entities that hold your or your family's real estate or other Investments, provided the Securities would not otherwise require approval if held directly.

3.1(d) When and how do I preclear an outside business activity?

Other than those outside business activities described in Section 3.1(c), you are required to obtain approval for outside business activities:

If you are already participating in an activity upon joining Vanguard.

Before accepting any new activity.

If there are any changes to a previously reported activity.

In certain situations, you may receive a follow-up form from Compliance requiring you to obtain approval from a Vanguard Officer or Managing Director.

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Note: Vanguard Officers may not accept or participate in any outside business activities unless they have received written approval from a Vanguard Managing Director or the Chief Executive Officer in addition to receiving written approval from Compliance.

MCO Resource – To seek approval, you must complete the Outside Business Activities Form via MCO.

Section 4. Gift and Entertainment Policy

You are subject to Vanguard's Gift and Entertainment Policy, which is considered an integral part of the Code. There are restrictions on the extent to which gifts or entertainment may be received from or provided to any third party.

Web Resource – Refer to the Gift and Entertainment Policy on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet for information and guidelines.

Section 5. Anti-Bribery Policy

You are subject to Vanguard's Anti-Bribery Policy, which prohibits bribery and corruption in all forms. You must not offer, give, or receive anything of value for the purpose of improperly obtaining business, retaining business or securing an improper advantage for Vanguard.

Web Resource – Refer to the Anti-Bribery Policy on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet for information and guidelines.

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Antitrust and Competition

You are prohibited from engaging in activity that could have an anticompetitive effect on the price of goods, services, securities, or other trading conditions in the global marketplace in which we operate.

Section 6. Antitrust and

Competition Policy

You are subject to Vanguard's Antitrust and Competition Policy, which prohibits you from engaging in activity that could have an anticompetitive effect on the price of goods, services and/or securities or other trading conditions in the global marketplace in which we operate.

Web Resource – Refer to the Antitrust and Competition Policy on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet for information and guidelines.

Section 7. Duty of Confidentiality

You must keep confidential any nonpublic information you may have obtained while working at Vanguard or while on assignment at Vanguard. This information includes, but is not limited to information about:

The Vanguard Funds (e.g., recent or impending Securities transactions, activities of the funds' advisors, offerings of new funds, changes

to fund minimums or other provisions in the prospectus, or closings of funds).

Current or prospective Vanguard Clients (e.g., their personal information, Investments, or account transactions).

Other Crew Members, Contingent Workers, or Independent Directors and Trustees (e.g., their pay, benefits, position level, and performance ratings).

Vanguard business activities (e.g., new services, products, technology, or business initiatives).

You must not disclose confidential information to any other person unless it is necessary for the performance of your duties for Vanguard, there is a business purpose for doing so, and such disclosure is authorized by Vanguard.

Contingent Workers may also be subject to a non-disclosure agreement and/or a service or supply agreement with specific confidentiality

provisions. In addition to the requirements of the Code, you must act at all times in accordance with the specific confidentiality provisions in such agreements. Contact your employer for more information.

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Insider Trading

You are prohibited from buying or selling any Security while in the possession of material nonpublic information about the issuer of the Security.

Section 8. Personal Trading

Activities

You must avoid taking personal advantage of your knowledge of Securities activity in Vanguard Funds or Vanguard Client accounts. The Code includes specific restrictions on personal investing, but cannot anticipate every fact pattern or situation. You should adhere at all times to the spirit, and not just the letter, of the Code. There are additional trading prohibitions and reporting requirements if you are designated as either an Investment Person (Section 8.2), Fund Access Person (Section 8.3), or VAI Access Person (Section 8.4).

Regardless of your designation, Compliance has the authority, with appropriate notice to you, to apply any or all of the trading restrictions within the Code.

8.1GeneralTrading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements

The requirements of this Section 8.1(a) apply to all persons subject to the Code. The requirements of Section 8.1(c) apply to all Crew Members and Contingent Workers deemed Associated Persons.

8.1(a) What are the general trading prohibitions?

Engaging in conduct that is deceitful, fraudulent, or manipulative, or that involves false or misleading statements, in connection with the purchase or sale of a Security by a Vanguard Fund or Vanguard Client account.

Intentionally, recklessly, or negligently circulating false information or rumors that may affect

the securities markets or may be perceived as market manipulation.

Trading on knowledge of Vanguard Fund activities. Taking personal advantage of knowledge of recent, impending, or planned Securities activities of the Vanguard Funds or their investment advisors. You are prohibited from purchasing or selling - directly or indirectly - any Security or Related Security when you know that the Security is being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by a Vanguard Fund (with the exception of an index fund).

These prohibitions apply to all Securities in which you have acquired or will acquire Beneficial Ownership.

Vanguard InsiderTrading Policies. You are subject to the Insider Trading Policy and/or any similar policy of the Vanguard Affiliate for which you work. Each of these policies are considered an integral part of the Code. Each policy prohibits you from buying or selling any Security while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the issuer of the Security. The policies prohibit you from communicating any nonpublic information about any Security or issuer of Securities to third parties.

Vanguard FundTrading. When purchasing, exchanging, or redeeming shares of a Vanguard Fund, you and your Immediate Family Members must adhere to the policies and standards

set forth in the fund's prospectus, or offering document, including policies on market-timing and frequent trading.

Initial Coin Offerings. You are prohibited from participating in an Initial Coin Offering.

Web Resource – Refer to your local Insider Trading Policy on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet for further information.

8.1(b) Am I required to maintain Securities in a brokerage account at Vanguard?

U.S. Crew Members: Yes. You and your Immediate Family Members are required to maintain all Reportable Securities within a Vanguard Brokerage Account. You may hold Vanguard Funds, other than Vanguard ETFs, outside of Vanguard. Employer- sponsored retirement accounts (e.g., 401(k) and 403(b)), 529 Plans, and Compliance-approved accounts are exempt from this requirement (e.g., Managed Account). Vanguard ETFs must be held within a Vanguard Brokerage Account.

Non-U.S. Crew Members: No. You and your Immediate Family Members are not required to maintain Reportable Securities within a Vanguard Brokerage Account.

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U.S. and Non-U.S. Contingent Workers: No. You and your Immediate Family Members are not required to maintain Reportable Securities within a Vanguard Brokerage Account.

Web Resource – Refer to the U.S. Crew - Securities to be Held at Vanguard document, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.1(c) What am I required to report?

The requirements of this Section apply to all Crew Members and Contingent Workers deemed Associated Persons.

Initial Holdings Report – Within ten calendar days of joining Vanguard, you must disclose all Covered Accounts and all Reportable Securities held by you or an Immediate Family Member. This includes Brokerage Accounts held at Vanguard, as well as those held at another financial institution. This information must be current as of 45 calendar days before joining Vanguard.

MCO Resource – You will receive an Initial Certification to complete which will include a section to disclose Covered Accounts and all Reportable Securities via MCO.

In addition, you must notify Compliance if you or an Immediate Family Member has subsequently opened, or intends to open, a Covered Account with a financial institution (e.g., broker, dealer, advisor, or any other professional money manager), has acquired holdings in Reportable Securities,

or if a preexisting Covered Account (including a Vanguard Brokerage Account) becomes associated with you (such as through marriage or inheritance).

MCO Resource – Disclose new Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities via MCO.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Non-Access Persons document, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

Duplicate statements and transaction confirmations – You must disclose transactions in Reportable Securities made by you and your Immediate Family Members. For any disclosed Vanguard Brokerage Accounts, Compliance will receive transaction confirmations automatically. For each approved Covered Account and any holdings of Reportable Securities held outside of Vanguard, it is your responsibility to ensure duplicate statements and transaction confirmations are delivered to Compliance. If the sponsor of your Covered Account is not able to send statements and daily transaction confirmations (electronic or paper) directly to Vanguard, you will be required to submit copies through MCO immediately after you receive them, unless you receive an exemption from this requirement from Compliance. You do not need to report an account or submit transaction confirmations or statements if the account does not have the ability to hold Securities (e.g., a traditional checking account).

Contingent Workers deemed Associated Persons are required to comply with and are subject to the Securities Account Reporting Obligations on CrewNet.

8.2AdditionalTrading and Reporting Requirements for Investment Persons

The requirements of this Section 8.2 are in addition to the requirements of Section 8.1 and apply to all transactions or holdings in which an Investment Person has, or will acquire, Beneficial Ownership of Securities. To see if you are designated as an Investment Person, reference the Investment Persons Departments list on CrewNet. Note: this designation could apply to Crew Members or Contingent Workers.

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8.2(a) Which Securities trades am I required to preclear?

You must obtain, for yourself and on behalf of your Immediate Family Members, preclearance for any transaction in a Covered Security and in a Vanguard ETF.

By seeking preclearance, you will be deemed to be advising Compliance that you:

Do not possess any material, nonpublic information relating to the security.

Do not use knowledge of any proposed trade or investment program relating to the Vanguard Funds for personal benefit.

Believe the proposed trade is available to any market participant on the same terms.

Non-U.S. Investment Persons may be subject to additional restrictions. See Section 8.5.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Investment Persons document, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.2(b) How do I obtain preclearance?

You must receive preclearance through the MCO system or from an authorized member of Compliance. Transactions in Covered Securities and Vanguard ETFs may not be executed before you receive approval.

Same day limit orders are permitted; however, good 'til canceled orders (such as limit orders that stay open over the course of multiple trading days until a security reaches a specified market price) are not permitted.

Attempting to gain approval after the transaction has occurred is not permitted. Completing a personal trade before receiving approval or after the approval window expires constitutes a violation

of the Code. See Section 10 for more information regarding the sanctions that may be imposed as a result of a violation.

MCO Resource – Preclearance must be obtained via MCO. Once the required information is submitted, your preclearance request will be approved or denied immediately.

8.2(c) How long is my preclearance approval valid?

U.S.: Preclearance approval will expire at the end of the trading day on which it is issued (e.g., if you receive approval for a trade on Monday,

it is effective until the market closes on that Monday). Preclearance for limit orders is good for transactions on the same day that approval is granted only. If you receive approval for a limit order, it must be executed or expire at the close of regular trading on the same business day for which approval was granted. If you wish to execute the limit order after the close of regular trading on the day you received approval, you must submit a new preclearance request for the day you wish to execute the trade.

Non-U.S.: If you receive approval, transactions must be executed no later than the end of trading on the next business day after the preclearance is granted. If the transaction is not placed within that time, you must submit a new request for approval before placing the transaction. If you preclear a limit order, that limit order must either be executed or expire at the end of the next business day. If you want to execute the order after the next business day period expires, you must resubmit your preclearance request.

8.2(d) Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

Yes. You cannot invest in securities offered to potential investors in a Private Placement or other limited investment offering without first obtaining preclearance from Compliance. You must provide documentation describing the investment (e.g., offering memorandum, subscription documents, etc.) so as to enable Compliance to conduct a thorough review of the investment. Approval

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Personal Trading Activities

You are required to abide by the Code of Ethics requirements related to holding, reporting, and trading Securities for personal benefit. Personal trading restrictions and reporting requirements vary depending on the rules of the country you are working in and whether you are an Access Person or a Non-Access Person.

may be granted after a review of the facts and circumstances, including whether:

An investment in the securities is likely to result in future conflicts with Vanguard Client accounts.

You are being offered the opportunity due to your employment at, or association with, Vanguard.

If you receive approval to purchase Securities in a Private Placement, you must inform Compliance if that Security goes to public offer or is pending listing on an exchange.

MCO Resource – To seek preclearance of a Private Placement, complete the Outside Business Activities Form via MCO.

8.2(e) Are there Securities transactions that I do not need to preclear?

Yes. You are not required to obtain preclearance for the following:

Purchases or sales of Vanguard Funds. Note: The purchase or sale of Vanguard ETFs require preclearance.

Purchases or sales where the person requesting preclearance has no direct or indirect influence or control over the Covered Security (e.g., you have a trust in your name but you are not the trustee who places the transaction, provided you have granted Investment Discretion to the trustee and there has been no prior communication between you and the trustee regarding the transaction).

Corporate actions in Covered Securities such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions.

Purchases or sales made as a part of an Automatic Investment Program.

Purchases made upon the exercise of Rights by an issuer in proportion to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent such Rights were acquired for such issuer.

Acquisitions of Covered Securities through gifts or bequests.

8.2(f) Am I subject to restrictions on my personal trading in Covered Securities?

Yes. You may be subject to certain restrictions if you purchase or sell a Covered Security within seven days before or after a Vanguard Fund purchases or sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security (the "blackout period").

If you purchase a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund purchases the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to hold the Covered Security for 6 months before being permitted to sell the Covered Security for a profit.

If you sell a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to disgorge any profits earned from your sale of the Covered Security (exclusive of commissions) at a price higher than what the Vanguard Fund received for selling the Covered Security or a Related Security.

In general, you will not receive preclearance to purchase a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated this Code and must immediately sell the Covered Security and disgorge all profits received from the sale to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions).

In general, you will not receive preclearance to sell a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated the Code and must disgorge the difference (exclusive of commissions) between the sale price you received and the Vanguard Fund's sale price (as long as your sales price is higher), multiplied by the number of shares you sold.

In addition to these restrictions, local law may dictate the extent to which any gains must be relinquished.

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Quick Guide: For example on the above trade scenarios, refer to Code of Ethics Q&A, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

Compliance may exempt from these restrictions trades during blackout periods that coincide with trading by certain Vanguard Funds (e.g., index funds).

Compliance may waive the blackout period as it applies to the sale of a Covered Security if the Chief Compliance Officer determines its application creates a significant hardship to you (e.g., you need cash for a home purchase or to cover a major medical expense) and, in the opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer, satisfies the requirements for a waiver in Section 11.

Web Resource – Refer to the Hardship Waiver Request Form on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Investment Persons document, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.2(g) Am I prohibited from engaging in certain Securities transactions?

Yes. You are prohibited from engaging in the following Securities transactions:

Futures and Options. You are prohibited from entering into, acquiring, or selling any Futures contract (including single stock futures) or any

Option on any Covered Security (including Options on ETFs).

Initial Public Offerings and Secondary Offerings. You are prohibited from acquiring Securities in an Initial Public Offering or Secondary Offering.

Short-Selling. You are prohibited from selling short any Security that you do not own or from otherwise engaging in Short-Selling activities.

Short-TermTrading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security or a Vanguard ETF at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security or a Vanguard ETF at a lower price within 60 calendar days. Gains are calculated based on last in, first out method for purposes of this restriction. If you realize profits on short-term trades, you will be required to relinquish the profits. In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of the Code.

Spread Bets. You are prohibited from participating in Spread Betting on Securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies, or commodities.

8.2(h) What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

Compliance will monitor trading in Vanguard Funds, other than Vanguard ETFs, and will review situations where Vanguard Fund shares are redeemed within 30 calendar days of purchase (a "short-term trade"). You may be required to relinquish any profit made on a short-term trade and will be subject to disciplinary action if Compliance determines the short-term trade was detrimental to a Vanguard Fund or a Vanguard Client or that there is a history of frequent trading by you or your Immediate Family Members. For purposes of this paragraph:

A redemption includes a redemption by any means, including an exchange out of a Vanguard Fund.

This policy does not cover purchases and redemptions/sales (i) into or out of Vanguard money market funds, Vanguard short-term bond funds, or (ii) through an Automatic Investment Program.

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Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Investment Persons, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

MCO Resource – Verify and disclose all Covered Accounts and holdings in Reportable Securities via MCO

8.3AdditionalTrading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements for Fund Access Persons

The requirements of this Section 8.3 are in addition to the requirements of Section 8.1 and apply to all transactions or holdings in which a Fund Access Person has, or will acquire, Beneficial Ownership of Securities. To see if you are designated as a Fund Access Person, reference the Fund Access Persons Departments list on CrewNet. Note: this designation could apply to Crew Members or Contingent Workers.

8.3(a) Which Securities trades am I required to preclear?

You must obtain, for yourself and on behalf of your Immediate Family Members, preclearance for any transaction in a Covered Security.

By seeking preclearance, you will be deemed to be advising Compliance that you:

Do not possess any material, nonpublic information relating to the security.

Do not use knowledge of any proposed trade or investment program relating to the Vanguard Funds for personal benefit.

Believe the proposed trade is available to any market participant on the same terms.

Non-U.S. Fund Access Persons may be subject to additional restrictions. See Section 8.5(a).

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Fund Access Persons document, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.3(b) How do I obtain preclearance?

You must receive preclearance through the MCO system or by contacting Compliance. Transactions in Covered Securities may not be executed before you receive approval.

Same day limit orders are permitted; however, good 'til canceled orders (such as limit orders that stay open over the course of multiple trading days until a security reaches a specified market price) are not permitted.

Attempting to gain approval after the transaction has occurred is not permitted. Completing a personal trade before receiving approval or after the approval window expires constitutes a violation of the Code. See Section 10 for more information regarding the sanctions that may be imposed as a result of a violation.

MCO Resource – Preclearance must be obtained via MCO. Once the required information is submitted, your preclearance request will be approved or denied immediately.

8.3(c) How long is my preclearance approval valid?

U.S.: Preclearance approval will expire at the end of the trading day on which it is issued (e.g., if you receive approval for a trade on Monday,

it is effective until the market closes on that Monday). Preclearance for limit orders is good for transactions on the same day that approval is granted only. If you receive approval for a limit

20

order, it must be executed or expire at the close of regular trading on the same business day for which approval was granted. If you wish to execute the limit order after the close of regular trading on the day you received approval, you must submit a new preclearance request for the day you wish to execute the trade.

Non-U.S.: If you receive approval, transactions must be executed no later than the end of trading on the next business day after the preclearance is granted. If the transaction is not placed within that time, you must submit a new request for approval before placing the transaction. If you preclear a limit order, that limit order must either be executed or expire at the end of the next business day. If you want to execute the order after the next business day period expires, you must resubmit your preclearance request.

8.3(d) Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

Yes. You cannot invest in securities offered to potential investors in a Private Placement or other limited investment offering without first obtaining preclearance from Compliance. You must provide documentation describing the investment (e.g., offering memorandum, subscription documents, etc.) so as to enable Compliance to conduct a thorough review of the investment. Approval may be granted after a review of the facts and circumstances, including whether:

An investment in the securities is likely to result in future conflicts with Vanguard Client accounts.

You are being offered the opportunity due to your employment at, or association with, Vanguard.

If you receive approval to purchase Securities in a Private Placement, you must inform Compliance if that Security goes to public offer or is pending listing on an exchange.

MCO Resource – To seek preclearance of a Private Placement, complete the Outside Business Activities Form via MCO.

8.3(e) Are there Securities transactions that I do not need to preclear?

Yes. You are not required to obtain preclearance for the following:

Purchases or sales of Vanguard Funds.

Purchases or sales where the person requesting preclearance has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account (e.g., you have a trust in your name but you are not the trustee who places the transaction, provided you have granted Investment Discretion to the trustee and there has been no prior communication between you and the trustee regarding the transaction).

Corporate actions in Covered Securities such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions.

Purchases or sales made as a part of an Automatic Investment Program.

Purchases made upon the exercise of Rights by an issuer in proportion to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent, such Rights were acquired for such issuer.

Acquisitions of Covered Securities through gifts or bequests.

8.3(f) Am I subject to restrictions on my personal trading in Covered Securities?

Yes. You may be subject to certain restrictions if you purchase or sell a Covered Security within seven days before or after a Vanguard Fund purchases or sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security (the "blackout period").

If you purchase a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund purchases the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to hold the Covered Security for 6 months before being permitted to sell the Covered Security for a profit.

If you sell a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to disgorge any profits earned from your sale of the

21

Covered Security (exclusive of commissions) at a price higher than what the Vanguard Fund received for selling the Covered Security or a Related Security.

In general, you will not receive preclearance to purchase a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated this Code and must immediately sell the Covered Security and disgorge all profits received from the sale to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions).

In general, you will not receive preclearance to sell a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated the Code and must disgorge the difference (exclusive of commissions) between the sale price you received and the Vanguard Fund's sale price (as long as your sales price is higher), multiplied by the number of shares you sold.

Quick Guide: For example on the above trade scenarios, refer to Code of Ethics Q&A, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

In addition to these restrictions, local law may dictate the extent to which any gains must be relinquished.

Compliance may exempt from these restrictions certain trades during blackout periods that coincide with trading by certain Vanguard Funds (e.g., index funds).

The blackout period will not apply to a Fund Access Person's sale of any stock for which the market capitalization exceeds US$5 billion, provided that

the total value of any sales of the Security by the Fund Access Person do not exceed US$10,000 in any 30-day rolling period. Sales of securities with market capitalizations below US$5 billion, or that exceed US$10,000 in any 30-day rolling period, will continue to be subject to the blackout periods unless Compliance grants a waiver.

Compliance may waive the blackout period as it applies to the sale of a Covered Security if the Chief Compliance Officer determines its application creates a significant hardship to you (e.g., you need cash for a home purchase or to cover a major medical expense) and, in the opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer, satisfies the requirements for a waiver in Section 11.

Web Resource – Refer to the Hardship Waiver Request Form on the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.3(g) Am I prohibited from engaging in any Securities transactions?

Yes. You are prohibited from engaging in the following Securities transactions:

Futures and Options. You are prohibited from entering into, acquiring, or selling any Futures contract (including single stock futures) or any Option on any Security (including Options on ETFs).

Initial Public Offerings and Secondary Offerings. You are prohibited from acquiring Securities in an Initial Public Offering or Secondary Offering.

Short-Selling. You are prohibited from selling short any Security that you do not own or from otherwise engaging in Short-Selling activities.

Short-TermTrading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security at a lower price within 60 calendar days. Gains are calculated based on last in, first out method for purposes of this restriction. If you realize profits on short-term trades, you will be

22

required to relinquish the profits. In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of the Code. Example: You are not permitted to sell a security at $12 that you purchased within the prior 60 days for $10. Similarly, you are not permitted to purchase a security at $10 that you sold within the prior 60 days for $12.

Spread Bets. You are prohibited from participating in Spread Betting on Securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies, or commodities.

8.3(h) What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

Compliance will monitor trading in Vanguard Funds, other than Vanguard ETFs, and will review situations where Vanguard Fund shares are redeemed within 30 calendar days of purchase (a "short-term trade"). You may be required

to relinquish any profit made on a short-term trade and will be subject to disciplinary action if Compliance determines the short-term trade was detrimental to a Vanguard Fund or a Vanguard Client or that there is a history of frequent trading by you or your Immediate Family Members. For purposes of this paragraph:

A redemption includes a redemption by any means, including an exchange out of a Vanguard Fund.

This policy does not cover purchases and redemptions/sales (i) into or out of Vanguard money market funds, Vanguard short-term bond funds, or (ii) through an Automatic Investment Program.

Nothing in this section is intended to replace, nullify, or modify any requirements imposed by a Vanguard Fund.

Note: This section applies to transactions in Vanguard Funds other than Vanguard ETFs (e.g., Vanguard mutual funds).

8.3(i) Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

In addition to the standard reporting requirements set forth in Section 8.1(c), you must also disclose the following:

Covered Accounts where you exercise Investment Discretion.

Accounts, 529 college savings plans and annuity or insurance products holding Vanguard Funds.

The information must be updated in MCO no later than ten calendar days after you become a Fund Access Person or joining Vanguard.

QuarterlyTransactions Report – Within 30 days of quarter end, you must certify that all transactions effected in Covered Securities during the quarter have been recorded accurately in MCO. If there are no transactions in Covered Securities the report should state "None." You will not be required

to certify if Compliance receives automated or duplicate confirmations and statements. Note: Compliance receives duplicate confirms and statements for all Vanguard accounts.

Annual Holdings Report – Within 30 calendar days of receipt, you must certify that all Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities are recorded accurately in MCO.

If you are an Investment Person of Vanguard Investments Hong Kong, Limited (VIHK), the holdings disclosure requirement is semi-annual, including the provision of statements.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Fund Access Persons, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

MCO Resource – Verify and disclose all Covered Accounts and holdings in Reportable Securities via MCO.

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8.4AdditionalTrading Prohibitions and Reporting Requirements for VAI Access Persons

The requirements of this Section 8.4 are in addition to the requirements of Section 8.1 and apply to all transactions or holdings in which a VAI Access Person has, or will acquire, Beneficial Ownership of Securities. To see if you are designated as a VAI Access Person, reference the VAI Access Person Departments list on CrewNet. Note: this designation could apply to Crew Members or Contingent Workers.

8.4(a) Am I required to preclear Security trades?

No. You are not required to preclear transactions in Covered Securities for you and your Immediate Family members.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for VAI Access Persons, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

8.4(b) Am I required to obtain preclearance before investing in a Private Placement?

Yes. You cannot invest in securities offered to potential investors in a Private Placement or other limited investment offering without first obtaining preclearance from Compliance. You must provide documentation describing the investment (e.g., offering memorandum, subscription documents, etc.) so as to enable Compliance to conduct a thorough review of the investment. Approval may be granted after a review of the facts and circumstances, including whether:

An investment in the securities is likely to result in future conflicts with Vanguard Client accounts.

You are being offered the opportunity due to your employment at, or association with, Vanguard.

If you receive approval to purchase Securities in a Private Placement, you must inform Compliance if that Security goes to public offer or is pending listing on an exchange.

MCO Resource – To seek preclearance of a Private Placement complete the Outside Business Activities Form via MCO.

8.4(c) Am I prohibited from engaging in any Securities transactions?

Yes. You are subject to the following restrictions with respect to any transaction in which you will acquire any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:

Initial Public Offerings and Secondary Offerings. You are prohibited from acquiring Securities in an Initial Public Offering or Secondary Offering.

Short-Selling. You are prohibited from selling short any Security that you do not own or from otherwise engaging in Short-Selling activities.

Short-TermTrading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security at a lower price within 60 calendar days. A last-in-first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Security purchases when applying this holding rule. If you realize profits on short- term trades, you will be required to relinquish the profits to The Vanguard Group Foundation (exclusive of commissions). In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of the Code.

Short-term trading on options. You may hold options on a Covered Security until you exercise the options or the options expire. However, you may not otherwise close any open positions within 60 calendar days. If you realize profits on such short-term trades, you must relinquish such profits to The Vanguard Group Foundation (exclusive of commissions). For example:

you would not be permitted to sell a Covered Security at $12 that you purchased within the prior 60 days for $10. Similarly, you would not be permitted to purchase a Covered Security at $10 that you had sold within the prior 60 days

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for $12. Note: These types of transactions can have unintended consequences. For example, your call option could be assigned, causing the underlying Security to be called away within sixty (60) calendar days following the purchase of the Covered Security and will be recorded as a violation of the Code.

8.4(d) What happens if I make a "short-term trade" in a Vanguard Fund?

Compliance will monitor trading in Vanguard Funds, other than Vanguard ETFs, and will review situations where Vanguard Fund shares are redeemed within 30 calendar days of purchase (a "short-term trade"). You may be required to relinquish any profit made on a short-term trade and will be subject to disciplinary action if Compliance determines the short-term trade was detrimental to a Vanguard Fund or a Vanguard Client or that there is a history of frequent trading by the you or your Immediate Family Members. For purposes of this paragraph:

A redemption includes a redemption by any means, including an exchange out of a Vanguard Fund.

This policy does not cover purchases and redemptions/sales (i) into or out of Vanguard money market funds, Vanguard short-term bond funds, or (ii) through an Automatic Investment Program.

Nothing in this section is intended to replace, nullify, or modify any requirements imposed by a Vanguard Fund.

Note:This section applies to transactions in Vanguard Funds other than Vanguard ETFs (e.g., Vanguard mutual funds).

8.4(e) Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

In addition to the standard reporting requirements set forth in Section 8.1(c), you must also disclose the following:

Covered Accounts where you exercise Investment Discretion.

Accounts, 529 college savings plans and annuity or insurance products holding Vanguard Funds.

The information must be updated in MCO no later than ten calendar days after you become a VAI Access Person or joining Vanguard.

QuarterlyTransactions Report – Within 30 days

of quarter end, you must certify that all transactions effected in Covered Securities during the quarter have been recorded accurately in MCO. If there are no transactions in Covered Securities the report should state "None." You will not be required to certify if Compliance receives automated or duplicate confirmations and statements. Note: Compliance receives duplicate confirms and statements for all Vanguard accounts.

Annual Holdings Report – Within 30 calendar days of receipt, you must certify that all Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities are recorded accurately in MCO.

Quick Guide: Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for VAI Access Persons, which can be accessed from the Code of Ethics Resource page on CrewNet.

MCO Resource - Verify and disclose all Covered Accounts and holdings in Reportable Securities via MCO.

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8.5AdditionalTrading Prohibitions for Non-U.S. Crew Members

The requirements of this Section 8.5 are in addition to the requirements of Section 8.1 as well as the requirements of Section 8.2, 8.3, or 8.4, as applicable.

8.5(a) What are the additional trading prohibitions?

There are additional trading requirements and restrictions for Crew Members in Australia as well as for Crew Members and Contingent Workers in Japan.

8.5(b) What are the Vanguard Fund reporting requirements in Australia?

You and your Immediate Family Members will be required to disclose Vanguard Fund accounts in MCO but are not required to report transactions in Vanguard Funds to the local Compliance Department. For monitoring purposes, the local Compliance Department will access their records via the transfer agency system maintained at VIA, as required.

Note:Trades in Vanguard ETFs are required to be reported, as these records are not held by VIA.

8.5(c) What are the additional trading restrictions for Japan?

Crew Members and Contingent Workers including their Immediate Family Members are prohibited from activities including, but not limited to engaging in margin transactions, Securities-related derivatives transactions, and specified OTC derivatives transactions on their own account.

8.5(d) What additional information is required to be reported for accounts with third party Investment Discretion?

If you or your Immediate Family Member have an arrangement in place with a third party to manage Securities on a discretionary basis, you must provide a copy of the Discretionary Agreement

Approval request to Compliance in advance of effecting any transactions subject to the agreement.

Web Resource – Request and complete a Discretionary Agreement Approval Request Form.

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Certification Requirements

On an annual basis, you must acknowledge that you understand the Code of Ethics and will comply with its provisions.

Section 9. Certification

Requirements

9.1 What am I required to certify initially?

Initial Certification – Within 10 calendar days after joining Vanguard, you must certify to Compliance that you have read, understand, and will comply with all applicable requirements of the Code and Code-related policies.

9.2 What am I required to certify annually?

Annual Certification – Within 30 calendar days of receipt, you must certify that you have read, understand, and have and will continue to comply with all applicable requirements of the Code and Code-related policies.

Section 10. Penalties and Sanctions

Any violations and potential violations of the Code will be investigated by Compliance or, if necessary, the Global Code of Ethics Committee. Once it has been determined that there was a violation, you will be subject to sanctions, as described below. Compliance will utilize a rolling 24-month period when evaluating whether to sanction a violation. The terms of the Disciplinary Action Policy will also apply.

For violations involving a Contingent Worker, Compliance will consult with a local Human Resource contact (outside the U.S.) or Crew Relations Specialist (inside the U.S.) and the appropriate employer regarding disciplinary action.

10.1How are violations administered by Compliance?

The sanctions program for non-material violations of the Code (e.g., late certification submissions, missed preclearance of a Covered Security, late in providing account confirms/statements, failure to observe the holding period requirements, etc.) and material violations will generally operate as follows:

The process for addressing non-material and material violations will include the following:

First non-material violation in a rolling 24-month period - Letter of Education. Compliance will send the applicable Crew Member, his or her direct manager, and Human Resources or Crew Relations a summary of the violation.

Second non-material violation in a rolling 24-month period - Letter of Caution. Compliance will send a letter of caution to the Crew Member and his or her direct manager for both parties to sign and return to Compliance. Compliance will have the direct manager add a first written warning to Workday. Compliance also will notify the Chief Compliance Officer, the Crew Member's direct officer, and Human Resources or Crew Relations.

Third non-material violation in a rolling 24-month period - Letter of Violation. Compliance will report the violation to the Global Code of Ethics Committee, which will impose an appropriate sanction (e.g., final written warning) if warranted.

Material violation. Compliance will report the material violation to the Global Code of Ethics Committee, which will impose an appropriate sanction (e.g., final written warning, termination, etc.) in its discretion.

Prior to imposing a sanction or violation for any second, third, or material violation for crew or contingent workers outside the U.S., Compliance will engage Human Resources to ensure that local employment policies/procedures have been appropriately considered.

10.2How is an appropriate sanction determined?

In addition to the foregoing, Compliance may,

as authorized by the Chief Compliance Officer and in consultation with the appropriate local Human Resource contact (outside the U.S.) or Crew Relations Specialist (inside the U.S.), impose sanctions for violations of the Code that are

28

considered to be necessary and appropriate under the circumstances and in the best interests of Vanguard and Vanguard Clients.

As mentioned above, certain violations will be reported to the Global Code of Ethics Committee, which will impose sanctions in its discretion. These sanctions, subject to local laws, may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: personal trading suspension, profit disgorgement, negative adjustment to performance review and compensation, final written warning, termination of employment or referral to civil or criminal authorities, or any other sanction as may be determined by the Global Code of Ethics Committee in its discretion.

10.3How is the materiality of a violation determined?

Compliance and/or the Committee will consider a variety of factors including, but not limited to, whether there was a violation of law, the frequency of violations, the monetary value of the violation in question, violations that impact a Vanguard Client, or violations that are egregious, malicious, or repetitive in nature.

10.4What are my obligations to report a violation?

You are required to immediately report a violation of the Code to the local Compliance Department once you become aware of a violation.

Section 11. Waivers

The Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to this Code, including preclearance, other trading restrictions, and certain reporting requirements on a case-by-case basis if it is determined that (1) the proposed conduct involves no opportunity for abuse, (2) the proposed conduct does not conflict with Vanguard's interests, and (3) not granting an exception would result in an unfair or unjust outcome.

The Chief Compliance Officer may waive the applicability of the Code for a Contingent

Worker if the Code's requirements are covered through the applicable service provider's contract with Vanguard.

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Nothing in this section is intended to replace, nullify, or modify any requirements imposed by a Vanguard Fund.

Note:AppendicesThis s ction appl es to transactions in Vanguard Funds other than Vanguard ETFs

(e.g., Vanguard mutual funds). As noted above, Investment Persons are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Vanguard ETF at a profit, as well

asAppendixselling a d then repurchasing a Vanguard ETF at a lower rice within 60Acalendar. days

Definitions

8.2(i) Are there any additional reporting requirements that apply to me?

InAppendixaddition to the standardB. reporting requirements

set forth in Section 8.1(c), you must also disclose

Independent Directors and Trustees

the following:

Covered Accounts where you exercise Investment Discretion.

Accounts, 529 college savings plans and annuity or insurance products holding Vanguard Funds.

The information must be updated in MCO no later than ten calendar days after you become an Investment Person or joining Vanguard.

QuarterlyTransactions Report – Within 30 days of quarter end, you must certify that all transactions effected in Covered Securities during the quarter have been recorded accurately in MCO. If there are no transactions in Covered Securities the report should state "None." You will not be required

to certify if Compliance receives automated or duplicate confirmations and statements. Note: Compliance receives duplicate confirms and statements for all Vanguard accounts.

Annual Holdings Report – Within 30 calendar days of receipt, you must certify that all Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities are recorded accurately in MCO.

If you are an Investment Person of Vanguard Investments Hong Kong, Limited (VIHK), the holdings disclosure requirement is semi-annual, including the provision of statements.

MCO Resource – Verify and disclose all Covered Accounts and holdings in Reportable Securities via MCO.

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Appendix A. Definitions

The following definitions apply throughout the Code.

Term

Definition

 

 

Access Person

Any person designated as an Investment Person, Fund Access Person, or VAI Access Person.

 

 

American Depository

A receipt that represents a specific number of shares of a foreign-based corporation held by a

Receipts (ADRs)

U.S. bank and entitles the holder to all dividends and capital gains. Through ADRs, investors can

 

gain exposure to securities of foreign-based companies while investing in the U.S. instead of in

 

foreign markets.

 

 

Associated Persons

Any person who conducts securities business on behalf of the Vanguard Marketing Corporation

 

(VMC). This includes all FINRA-licensed Contingent Workers, as well as non-licensed Contingent

 

Workers who perform certain operational and administrative functions for VMC.

 

 

Automatic Investment

A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or

Program

from) Investment accounts, according to a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic

 

Investment Program includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

 

 

Bankers' Acceptance

A time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower usually in connection with an

 

international commercial transaction. Bankers' acceptances are usually guaranteed by the bank.

 

 

Beneficial Ownership

The opportunity to directly or indirectly—through any contract, arrangement, understanding,

 

relationship, or otherwise—share at any time in any economic interest or profit derived from an

 

ownership of or a transaction in a Security. You are deemed to have Beneficial Ownership in the

 

following:

 

• Any Security owned individually by you.

 

• Any Security owned by an Immediate Family Member.

 

• Any Security owned in joint tenancy, as tenants in common, or in other joint ownership

 

arrangements.

 

• Any Security in which an Immediate Family Member has Beneficial Ownership if the Security

 

is held in a Covered Account over which you have decision making authority (for example,

 

you act as a trustee, executor, or guardian or you provide Investment advice).

 

• Your interest as a general partner or manager/member in Securities held by a general or

 

limited partnership or limited liability company.

 

• Your interest as a member of an investment club or an organization that is formed for the

 

purpose of investing in a pool of monies or Securities.

 

• Your ownership of Securities as a trustee of a trust in which either you or an Immediate

 

Family Member has a vested interest in the principal or income of the trust or your

 

ownership of a vested interest in a trust.

 

• Securities owned by a corporation which is directly or indirectly controlled by, or under

 

common control with, such person.

 

 

Bond

A debt obligation issued by a corporation, government, or government agency that entails

 

repayment of the principal amount of the obligation at a future date, usually with interest.

 

 

Bribery

The act of making an illegal payment from one party to another, usually in return for a legal or

 

financial favor.

 

 

Brokerage Account

Any account where you can transact in Securities, including Automatic Investment Programs,

 

employee stock purchase programs, and employee stock option programs.

 

 

Certificate of Deposit

An insured, interest-bearing deposit at a bank that requires the depositor to keep the money

(CD)

invested for a specified period.

 

 

Closed-End Fund

A fund that offers a fixed number of shares. The fixed number of shares outstanding are offered

 

during an initial subscription period, similar to an initial public offering. After the subscription

 

period is closed, the shares are traded on an exchange between investors, like a stock.

 

 

Commercial Paper

A promissory note issued by a company in need of short-term financing.

 

 

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Contingent Workers

A Contingent Worker is a broad term that refers to any person providing services to Vanguard

 

who Vanguard has not designated as a Crew Member.

 

Contingent Workers generally include individuals performing services for or on behalf of Vanguard

 

through staffing firms, consulting firms, service providers, and as independent contractors, other

 

than those who work for an independent organization with expertise in a specific function that is

 

peripheral to Vanguard's core business (e.g., security, landscaping, and food services).

 

Note: Compliance may waive the applicability of the Code for a Contingent Worker if Compliance

 

deems the Code's requirements are covered through their service provider's contract with

 

Vanguard.

 

 

Contract for Difference

A contract between two parties, typically described as buyer and seller, stipulating that the seller

(CFD)

will pay the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at contract time. (If the

 

difference is negative, then the buyer pays instead of the seller.)

 

 

Corporate Action

A corporate action is any activity by an issuer that can change its shareholders' ownership.

 

Examples include mergers, stock splits, dividends, Rights issues, etc.

 

 

Covered Account

A Vanguard Fund account, a Brokerage Account, and any other type of account that holds, or is

 

capable of holding, Reportable Securities.

 

 

Covered Security

Any Security, other than (i) Direct Obligations of a Government; (ii) Bankers' Acceptances,

 

Certificates of Deposit (CD), Commercial Paper, and High-Quality Short-Term Debt Instruments,

 

including Repurchase Agreements; (iii) shares issued by Open-End Funds (although for

 

European subsidiaries, this is limited to UCITS schemes, a non-UCITS retail scheme, or another

 

fund subject to supervision under the law of an European Economic Area (EEA) state which is an

 

index fund or which requires an equivalent level of risk spreading in their assets); (iv) life policies;

 

(v) exchange-traded funds and exchange-traded notes, and (vi) Digital Security Tokens.

 

 

Crew Member

All employees, officers, directors, and trustees of Vanguard or a Vanguard Fund.

 

 

Crowdfunding

The use of small amounts of capital from a large number of individuals to finance a new business

 

venture. This is an evolving method of raising capital, typically done through the Internet.

 

 

Crypto Mining

The act of running or facilitating any computational process for purposes of receiving

 

compensation in the form of a Digital Currency, Digital Utility Token, or Digital Security Token.

 

Crypto Mining may be done either directly or indirectly. Indirect Crypto Mining involves any

 

investment or participation in a venture that engages in direct Crypto Mining.

 

 

Debenture

An unsecured debt obligation backed only by the general credit of the borrower.

 

 

Direct Obligations of a

A debt that is backed by the full taxing power of any government. These Securities are generally

Government

considered to be of the very highest quality.

 

 

Digital Currency

A digital asset that: (1) serves solely as a store of value, a medium of exchange, or a unit of

 

account; (2) is not issued or guaranteed by any jurisdiction, central bank, or public authority,; (3)

 

relies on algorithmic techniques to regulate the generation of new units of the digital asset; and

 

(4) has transactions involving the digital asset recorded on a decentralized network or distributed

 

ledger (e.g., blockchain). A Digital Currency is distinguishable from a Digital Security Token or a

 

Digital Utility Token.

 

 

Digital UtilityToken

A digital asset that (1) provides access to a particular network, product, or service; (2) derives its

 

value primarily from providing access to a particular network, product, or service; and (3) does not

 

function as a Digital Currency or Digital Security Token.

 

 

Digital SecurityToken

Any digital asset that is not a Digital Currency or Digital Utility Token. In general, a Digital Security

 

Token may: (1) derive its value primarily from, or represent an interest in a separate asset or pool

 

of assets; or (2) represent an interest an enterprise or venture. A Digital Security Token may

 

provide owners or holders with voting rights, rights to distributions, or other rights associated

 

with ownership. Digital Security Tokens are generally held for speculative investment purposes

 

and not to provide holders with access to a particular network, product, or service. Digital

 

Security Tokens, like other investments, are generally not used as a medium of exchange.

 

Note: Whether or not an asset is a Digital Security Token depends on specific facts and

 

circumstances. Merely referring to an asset as a Digital Currency or Digital Utility Token does not

 

prevent the asset from being a Digital Security Token. Furthermore, an asset may be a Digital

 

Security Token even if it has some purported utility. Please contact Compliance if you have any

 

questions regarding whether an asset is a Digital Security Token

 

 

32

Evidence of Indebtedness

Written agreements for enforceable obligations to pay money.

 

 

Exchange-Traded Fund

An investment with characteristics of both mutual funds and individual stocks. Many ETFs

(ETF)

track an index, a commodity, or a basket of assets. Unlike mutual funds, ETFs can be traded

 

throughout the day. ETFs often have lower expense ratios but must be purchased and sold

 

through a broker, which means you may incur commissions.

 

 

Exchange-Traded Note

A senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt Security issued by a financial institution, whose returns

(ETN)

are based on the performance of an underlying index and backed only by the credit of the issuer.

 

ETNs have a maturity date, but typically pay no periodic coupon interest and offer no principal

 

protection. At maturity an ETN investor receives a cash payment linked to the performance of the

 

corresponding index, less fees.

 

 

Fund Access Person

Any officer (other than officers designated as an Investment Person), director, or trustee of

 

Vanguard or a Vanguard Fund, excluding Independent Directors and Trustees; or anyone who has

 

access to nonpublic information regarding a Vanguard Fund's impending purchases or sales of

 

Securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Vanguard Fund. For

 

anyone not an officer, Compliance designates Fund Access Persons individually or by department

 

number. For a list of Fund Access Person departments, please see the Fund Access Person

 

Departments list on CrewNet.

 

 

Futures/Futures Contract

A contract to buy or sell specific amounts of a commodity or financial instrument (such as grain,

 

a currency, including foreign currencies and Digital Currencies (e.g., Bitcoin), or an index) for an

 

agreed-upon price at a certain time in the future. Sometimes the arrangements in a contract

 

prescribe that settlements are made through cash payments, rather than the delivery of physical

 

goods or Securities; this is called Contract for Difference.

 

 

High-Quality Short-Term

An instrument that has a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and is rated in one of the

Debt Instrument

two highest ratings categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or an

 

instrument that is unrated but determined by Vanguard to be of comparable quality.

 

 

Immediate Family

Your spouse, domestic partner (an unrelated adult with whom you share your home and

Members

contribute to each other's support), and minor children

 

 

Initial Coin Offering (ICO)

An initial offer or sale of a Digital Security Token.

 

Note: Whether or not an offering is an ICO depends on specific facts and circumstances.

 

Please contact Compliance before participating in an initial offering of a Digital Currency or

 

Digital Utility Token.

 

 

Initial Public Offering

A corporation's first offering of common stock to the public.

(IPO)

 

 

 

Independent Directors

Any director or trustee who is not an "interested person" of a Vanguard Fund within the meaning

andTrustees

of Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

 

 

Investment

A monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or

 

appreciate and be sold at a higher price.

 

 

Investment Contract

Any contract, transaction, or scheme whereby a person invests money in a common enterprise

 

and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of the promoter or third party.

 

 

Investment Discretion

The authority an individual may exercise, with respect to investment control or trading discretion,

 

on another person's account (e.g., executor, trustee, power of attorney).

 

 

Investment Person

Anyone who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in

 

making any recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of Securities by a Vanguard Fund;

 

and anyone designated by Compliance including, but not limited to, those who obtain nonpublic

 

information concerning recommendations made to a Vanguard Fund. Compliance will designate

 

Investment Persons individually or by department number. For a list of Investment Persons

 

departments, please see the Investment Persons Departments list on CrewNet.

 

 

Managed Account

A Managed Account is an investment account that is owned by an investor and overseen by a

 

hired professional money manager. The investor has no trading discretion on the account.

 

 

Managed Services

A Contingent Worker who provides services to Vanguard and who is employed by an independent

Workers

organization with expertise in a specific function that is peripheral to Vanguard's core business

 

(e.g., security, landscaping, and food services).

 

 

33

Money Market Fund

A type of mutual fund that invests in short-term debt securities with the purpose of providing

 

liquidity and interest at a low risk to shareholders. Money market funds generally seek to

 

maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share.

 

 

MyComplianceOffice

MyComplianceOffice (MCO) is a third-party web based application that allows Crew and

(MCO)

Contingent Workers to report and update certain information, as required by the Code.

 

 

Non-Access Person

Anyone who has not been designated as either an Investment Person, a Fund Access Person,

 

or a Vanguard Advisers, Inc. Access Person.

 

 

Note

A financial security that generally has a longer term than a bill, but a shorter term than a Bond.

 

However, the duration of a note can vary significantly and may not always fall neatly into this

 

categorization. Notes are similar to Bonds in that they are sold at, above, or below face (par)

 

value; make regular interest payments; and have a specified term until maturity.

 

 

Open-End Fund

A mutual fund that has an unlimited number of shares available for purchase.

 

 

Option

The right, but not the obligation, to buy (for a call option) or sell (for a put option) a specific

 

amount of a given stock, commodity, currency, including foreign currencies and Digital Currencies

 

(e.g., Bitcoin), index, or debt, at a specified price (the strike price) during a specified period or on

 

one particular date.

 

 

Private Placement

A Security that is not registered or required to be registered under the U.S. federal securities

 

laws. Private Placements are generally sold to a relatively small number of select investors (as

 

opposed to a public issue, in which Securities are made available for sale on the open market) in

 

order to raise capital. Private Placements may include, among others, interests in hedge funds

 

(including limited partnership interests) and shares of private companies. Investors in Private

 

Placements are usually banks, mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, edge funds,

 

and high net worth individuals. Private Placements are typically held or maintained outside of

 

Vanguard.

 

 

Private Securities

The acquisition, purchase, sale, or disposition of a Private Placement.

Transaction

 

 

 

Real Estate Investment

A publicly traded company that invests in real estate and distributes almost all of its taxable

Trust (REIT)

income to shareholders. REITs often specialize in a particular kind of property. They can, for

 

example, invest in real estate such as office buildings, shopping centers, or hotels; purchase real

 

estate (an equity REIT); and provide loans to building developers (a mortgage REIT). REITs offer

 

the opportunity for smaller investors to invest in real estate.

 

 

Related Security

Any Security or instrument that provides economic exposure to the same company or entity—

 

provided, however, that equity instruments will generally not be considered related to fixed

 

income instruments (other than convertible Bonds) and vice versa. For example, all of the

 

following instruments would be related to the common Stock of Company X: Options, Futures,

 

Rights, and Warrants on Company X common Stock; preferred Stock issued by Company X; and

 

Bonds convertible into Company X common Stock. Similarly, different Bonds issued by Company

 

X would be related to one another.

 

 

Reportable Securities

Any Covered Security (as defined above), ETFs, ETNs, and Digital Security Tokens.

 

 

Repurchase Agreement

An arrangement by which the seller of an asset agrees, at the time of the sale, to buy back the

 

asset at a specific price and, typically, on a given date (normally the next day).

 

 

Rights

A Security giving stockholders entitlement to purchase new shares issued by the corporation

 

issuer at a predetermined price (normally at a discount to the current market price) in proportion

 

to the number of shares already owned. Rights are issued only for a short period of time, after

 

which they expire.

 

 

Security

Any Stock, Bond, money market instrument, Note, evidence of indebtedness, Debenture,

 

Warrant, Option, Right, Investment Contract, ETF, ETN, or any other Investment or interest

 

commonly known as a Security.

 

 

Secondary Offering

The sale of new or closely held shares by a company that has already made an Initial Public

 

Offering.

 

 

34

Short-Selling

The sale of a Security that the investor does not own to take advantage of an anticipated decline

 

in the price of the Security. To sell short, the investor must borrow the Security from a broker to

 

make delivery to the buyer.

 

 

Spread-Betting

A way of trading that enables you to profit from movements in a wide range of markets from

 

Shares to currencies, including foreign currencies and Digital Currencies (e.g., Bitcoin),

 

commodities, and interest rates. Spread betting allows you to trade on whether the price quoted

 

for these financial instruments will go up or down.

 

 

Stock

A Security that represents part ownership, or equity, in a corporation. Each share of stock is a

 

proportional stake in the corporation's assets and profits, some of which could be paid out as

 

dividends.

 

 

Undertakings ForThe

A regulatory framework of the European Commission that creates a harmonized regime

Collective Investment Of

throughout Europe for the management and sale of mutual funds. UCITS funds can be

Transferable Securities

registered in Europe and sold to investors worldwide using unified regulatory and investor

(UCITS)

protection requirements.

 

 

Unit InvestmentTrust

An SEC-registered Investment company that purchases a fixed, unmanaged portfolio of

(UIT)

income-producing Securities and then sells shares in the trust to investors, usually in units

 

of at least $1,000.

 

 

Vanguard

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (VGI) and any Vanguard Affiliate.

 

 

Vanguard Advisers, Inc.

Any VAI officer, as well as anyone who is involved in making Securities recommendations to VAI

(VAI) Access Person

clients, or has significant levels of interaction or dealings with VAI clients for the purposes of

 

providing VAI services to clients. Compliance will designate VAI Access Persons individually or

 

by department number. For a list of VAI Access Person departments, please see the VAI Access

 

Person Departments list on CrewNet.

 

 

Vanguard Affiliates

Any direct or indirect subsidiary of VGI.

 

 

Vanguard Clients

The clients of VGI, or any of the International Subsidiaries, and investors in the Vanguard Funds,

 

including the Vanguard Funds themselves.

 

 

Vanguard ETFs

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) sponsored or managed by Vanguard. Vanguard ETFs issue shares

 

that can be bought or sold throughout the day in the secondary market at a market-determined

 

price. A Vanguard ETF may operate as a share class of a Vanguard Fund or as a standalone

 

investment pool.

 

 

Vanguard Funds

Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs, and any other accounts sponsored or managed by

 

Vanguard. This includes, but is not limited to, separately managed accounts and collective trusts.

 

 

Vanguard Officers

Those Vanguard Crew Members at a Principal level position or higher.

 

 

Warrant

An entitlement to purchase a certain amount of common Stock at a set price (usually higher than

 

the current price) during an extended period of time. Usually issued with a fixed-income security

 

to enhance its marketability, a Warrant can be transferred, traded, or exercised by the holder.

35

Appendix B. Independent Directors and Trustees

Independent Directors and Trustees are required to report Securities transactions to Compliance only when a transaction is completed within 15 days of a security being purchased or sold by a Vanguard Fund and the Independent Director/Trustee had knowledge (or should have had knowledge) of the transaction.

Additionally, the following Sections of the Code are applicable to Independent Directors and Trustees:

Sections

Section 2 Standards of Conduct (excludes the reporting requirements for conflicts of interest) Section 5 Anti-Bribery Policy

Section 6 Antitrust and Competition Policy Section 7 Duty of Confidentiality

Section 8 Personal Trading Activities 8.1(a) (excludes bullet 6)

36

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