Form 485BPOS Tidal Trust II
AS
FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON
1933 Act Registration File No.: 333-264478
1940 Act File No.: 811-23793
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☑ |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. ___ | ☐ |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 352 | ☑ |
and/or
|
|
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☑ |
| Amendment No. 355 | ☑ |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
234 West Florida Street, Suite 203
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code) (855) 843-2534
The Corporation Trust Company
1209 Orange Street
Corporation Trust Center
Wilmington, DE 19801
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Eric W. Falkeis Tidal ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, WI 53204 |
Domenick Pugliese Sullivan & Worcester LLP 1251
Avenue of the Americas |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
| ☐ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| ☑ | on May 31, 2025 pursuant to paragraph (b) | |
| ☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |
| ☐ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485 |
Explanatory Note: This Post-Effective Amendment No. 352 to the Registration Statement of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”) is being filed to add the iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF’s audited financial statements and certain related financial information for the fiscal period ended January 31, 2025, and to make other permissible changes under Rule 485(b).

| IRET | iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF |
| listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. |
PROSPECTUS
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF (the “Fund”) seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the. iREIT®- MarketVector™ Quality REIT (the “Index”).
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.
| Management Fees | |
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |
| Other Expenses(2) | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The
Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio
turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account.
These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Expense Example above, affect the Fund’s
performance. During the most recent fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was
The Fund is an exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that uses a “passive management” (or indexing) approach to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Index. The Index is based on a proprietary methodology created by Wide Moat Indexes, LLC (“Wide Moat,” see also, “Fund Sponsor” below), and it follows a non-discretionary, rules-based methodology to determine the universe of potential Index components. The Index is owned and administered by MarketVector Indexes GmbH (“Index Provider”). The Index is calculated and published by Solactive AG (“Calculation Agent”).
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The iREIT®- MarketVector™ Quality REIT Index
Initial Universe
The Index is a rules-based index and construction of the Index begins with the selection of investments from an initial universe of U.S.-listed equity REITs (real estate investment trusts) that comprise the iREIT® Equity REIT-100 universe (the “initial universe”). The initial universe includes 100 REITs operating in various sectors such as healthcare, hotel, net lease, retail, diversified, technology, residential, self-storage, industrial, and office. The 100 U.S.-listed REITs in the initial universe are selected by Wide Moat. The initial universe is reconstituted on a quarterly basis. For more information about REITs and the process for determining the initial universe, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information about the Fund – Additional Information about the Index.”
Stock Selection
From the initial universe, the Index Provider scores each portfolio candidate based on both quality and value factors.
| ● | Quality Score Considerations: Quality scores are based on various financial metrics, including general metrics, such as dividend yield, and price-to-earnings ratios. In addition, the Index considers REIT-specific financial metrics such as funds from operations (FFO), capitalization rate (Cap Rate), occupancy rate, and loan-to-value ratio. |
| ● | Value Score Considerations: Value scores are based on other financial metrics, including price to funds from operations (P/FFO), dividend yield, and discounted cash flows. Additionally, value scoring considers operational metrics such as occupancy rates, debt-to-equity ratios, and interest coverage ratios. |
For a description of the financial terms referenced above, see the section in the Fund’s Prospectus titled “Additional Information about the Index.”
The Index Provider sums the quality and value scores for an overall score for each REIT. The Index Provider considers only the 80 candidates with the top quality scores for further screening.
The Index Provider then conducts three separate selection processes to determine the Index’s portfolio. That is, the Index Provider selects:
| (i) | up to 24 common stocks of REITs with high quality scores, |
| (ii) | up to 12 common stocks of REITs with high value scores, and |
| (iii) | up to 4 preferred stocks of REITs. |
REITs with High-Quality Scores – From the remaining 80 REITs, the Index Provider identifies the 50 REITs with the highest quality scores. From this group, the Index Provider’s process then selects the top REIT based on overall scores from each of ten different sectors: healthcare, hotel, net lease, retail, diversified, technology, residential, self-storage, industrial, and office. However, if no REITs from a particular sector meet the required standards for inclusion at this stage, that sector is skipped. This sector-based approach is designed to provide a varied representation of different REIT sectors in the Index. After choosing the top REIT from each sector, the process selects additional REITs based on their overall scores, which include both quality and value assessments. Importantly, there is a limit: no more than six REITs can be chosen from any single sector.
The intended goal of this process is to select up to 24 REITs. But, because of the specific rules about sector variety and the maximum number of REITs per sector, there are situations where the process may end up selecting fewer than 24 REITs. This outcome primarily occurs when the available pool of qualifying REITs is not sufficiently varied across the various sectors.
REITs with High-Value Scores – From the initial list of 80 REITs, the Index Provider identifies the REITs that were not selected in the “REITs with High Quality Scores” group, and rank within the top half by value scores. From that list, the Index Provider identifies the highest-ranking REIT, based on overall scores, from each sector. Individual sectors may be omitted if no REITs in that sector qualify for inclusion at this step. The process generally continues until the Index Provider selects 12 REITs, adhering to a sector cap of three REITs per sector. See “Additional Information about the Index” below for more details on the process in the event of ties.
Preferred Stocks of REITs - The Index Provider screens the 80 candidates to determine which REITs’ preferred stocks yield more than 2.5 percentage points above the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) interest rate benchmark. At a high level, preferred stocks are equity securities that have superior (preferred) claims on assets and earnings than common stock. The Index Provider then considers only those preferred stocks that have a full market capitalization of at least 75 million dollars and a minimum of 200,000 average monthly shares traded over the previous six months. From the remaining REITs, the Index Provider selects the four preferred stocks that have the largest difference between their own yield and the dividend yield of the common stock from the same REIT.
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Index Construction
The Index’s components are weighted equally within each selection process category. For example, high-quality REITs are equally weighted with other high-quality REITs in the Index.
The Index employs a tiered equal weighting strategy, which is structured as follows: Each stock included in the Index is assigned a weight based on its defined scoring criteria. Specifically, stocks categorized under the “high-quality REITs” bucket receive a score of 2. In contrast, all other stocks, including those identified as high value and preferred stocks, are assigned a score of 1. This differential scoring system effectively determines the proportional weight of each stock within the Index. For example, if the Index’s portfolio is comprised of 24 high-quality REITs, 12 high-value REITs, and 4 preferred stocks, at the time of a rebalance, the Index would be weighted approximately 75% to high-quality REITs, 18.75% to high-value REITs and 6.25% to preferred stocks. See the Prospectus section titled “Additional Information about the Fund - Additional Information about the Index” for more detail on the Index’s tiered weighting system.
The Index is rebalanced quarterly.
The Fund’s Investment Strategy
The Fund will invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the component securities that make up the Index.
The Fund will generally use a “replication” strategy to achieve its investment objective, meaning it generally will invest in all of the Index components. However, the Fund may use a “representative sampling” strategy, meaning it may invest in a sample of the securities in the Index whose risk, return and other characteristics closely resemble the risk, return and other characteristics of the Index as a whole, when Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) believes it is in the best interests of the Fund (e.g., when replicating the Index involves practical difficulties or substantial costs, an Index constituent becomes temporarily illiquid, unavailable, or less liquid, or as a result of legal restrictions or limitations that apply to the Fund but not to the Index).
The Fund may invest in securities or other investments not included in the Index, but which the Adviser believes will help the Fund track the Index. For example, the Fund may invest in securities that are not components of the Index to reflect various corporate actions and other changes to the Index (such as reconstitutions, additions, and deletions).
Principal Investment Risks
The
principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below.
Each risk summarized below is considered a principal risk of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
REIT Risk. A REIT is a company that owns or finances income-producing real estate and meets certain requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), as more fully described in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Through its investments in REITs, the Fund is subject to the risks of investing in the real estate market, including decreases in property revenues, increases in interest rates, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, legal and regulatory changes, a lack of credit or capital, defaults by borrowers or tenants, environmental problems and natural disasters.
REITs are subject to additional risks, including those related to adverse governmental actions; declines in property value and the real estate market; the potential failure to qualify for tax-free pass through of income; and exemption from registration as an investment company. REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and may invest in relatively few properties, a small geographic area, or a small number of property types. As a result, investments in REITs may be volatile. To the extent the Fund invests in REITs concentrated in specific geographic areas or property types, the Fund may be subject to a greater loss as a result of adverse developments affecting such area or property types. REITs are pooled investment vehicles with their own fees and expenses and the Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of those fees and expenses.
Real Estate Securities Risk. Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of the Fund’s investments in residential REITs and real estate-related securities. Investing in residential REITs and real estate-related securities may subject the Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Changes in interest rates may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in residential REITs and real estate-related securities. Real estate investments are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. Real estate investments are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers.
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Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in the real estate industry. As a result, the value of Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that invest in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, or REIT sectors in which the Fund invests. Common stocks generally subject their holders to more risks than preferred stocks and debt securities because common stockholders’ claims are subordinated to those of holders of preferred stocks and debt securities upon the bankruptcy of the issuer.
Preferred Stock Risk. Investing in preferred stocks of REITs is subject to general market and issuer-specific risks, as well as interest rate risk due to their fixed or variable return rates. Dividends from preferred stocks are paid after all obligatory payments to creditors and can be impacted significantly by changes in a REIT’s financial status. Preferred stocks may offer less liquidity compared to other securities like common stock, and often have limited voting rights. Further, there is a risk that a REIT may defer, omit dividends, or opt to call, redeem, or convert preferred stocks to common stock, impacting the investment value.
The remaining risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a principal risk of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
ETF Risks.
| ○ | Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Any such decisions by market makers or authorized participants to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. This reduced effectiveness could result in Fund shares trading at a premium or discount to its NAV and also greater than normal intraday bid-ask spreads. |
| ○ | Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs, including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. |
| ○ | Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility and there may be widening bid-ask spreads. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant and there may be furthering widening bid-ask spreads. |
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| ○ | Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, such as NYSE Arca, Inc. (the Exchange), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. |
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Investments in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to investments in the general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or events, pandemic diseases, terrorism, regulatory events, and government controls.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Index, and therefore the Fund, may frequently reallocate all or a significant portion of its holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Index is heavily dependent on proprietary quantitative models as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to securities being included in or excluded from the Index that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. If the composition of the Index reflects such errors, the Fund’s portfolio can be expected to reflect the errors, too.
Newer Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with only a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
Passive Investment Risk. The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, the Index regardless of their investment merit. The Fund does not attempt to outperform the Index or take defensive positions in declining markets. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to the Index.
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Tracking Error Risk. As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in Index components at all times or may hold securities not included in the Index.
Underlying Index Risk. Neither the Adviser nor the Index Provider is able to guarantee the continuous availability or timeliness of the production of the Index. The calculation and dissemination of the Index values may be delayed if the information technology or other facilities of the Index Provider, Calculation Agent, data providers and/or relevant stock exchange malfunction for any reason. A significant delay may cause trading in shares of the Fund to be suspended. Errors in Index data, computation and/or the construction in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the Index Provider, Calculation Agent or other applicable party for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.
Management
Investment Adviser
Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
The following individuals are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since its inception in 2024.
Charles A. Ragauss, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser, has been a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since its inception in 2024.
CFA® is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
Purchase and Sale of Shares
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities (the Deposit Securities) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the “bid” price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the “ask” price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the bid-ask spread.
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Information regarding the Fund’s NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and the median bid-ask spread for the Fund’s most recent fiscal year, can be found on the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com.
Tax Information
Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless an investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training, or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the iREIT®-MarketVector™ Quality REIT Index.
An investment objective is fundamental if it cannot be changed without the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Fund’s investment objective has not been adopted as a fundamental investment policy and therefore may be changed without the consent of the Fund’s shareholders upon approval by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”). The Fund will notify shareholders in writing at least 60 days before making any changes to its investment objective.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund’s 80% Policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval upon Board approval and at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders prior to any such change.
Additional Information about the Index
Wide Moat determines the Index’s initial universe by the following steps:
| 1. | Compile a list of all US-listed equity REITs. |
| 2. | Eliminate REITs with a market capitalization of less than $250 million. |
| 3. | Assign remaining REITs a quality and value score. (The scoring mechanism is the same as what is used in the Index’s component selection procedure.) |
| 4. | A “total score” is then calculated as a weighted average of the quality and value scores using weights of two-thirds and one-third, respectively. |
| 5. | Sort list established in step 4 by market capitalization in descending order. |
| 6. | Establish the ireit-100 universe: |
| a. | The top 10% of REITs from each REIT sector, up to a maximum of 20 per sector, by total score are included. |
| b. | If more than 20 REITs from a given REIT sector would have been included in Step 6a, the smallest REIT(s) from that sector are removed and replaced by the next largest REIT from a sector that is not in violation. |
| c. | If necessary, the largest remaining REITs will be added until a total of 100 REITs have been included. |
The Index focuses on selecting high-quality and high-value REITs from diverse sectors. To gain a deeper understanding of the selection process and the financial metrics applied, the following provides an overview. This sheds light on the methodology employed by the Index Provider, particularly in the High-Value REIT Selection Process, and explains the financial terms and metrics used to evaluate REITs. The discussion also outlines the various REIT sectors included in the Index, provides further details on the selection process for high-value REITs, and offers insights into the financial metrics used to evaluate REIT quality and value. Understanding these aspects is crucial for comprehending how the Index’s components are selected and for understanding the Fund’s overall investment strategy.
The Index is comprised of REITs in a range of REIT sectors, which include:
| ● | Healthcare REITs - properties dedicated to the healthcare sector, such as hospitals, medical centers, nursing facilities, and assisted living centers. |
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| ● | Hotel REITs – hotels, motels, and similar properties. |
| ● | Net Lease REITs – properties that are leased to commercial tenants under “triple net leases” which make the tenants responsible for paying for the property’s operating costs (such as taxes, insurance, utilities, and common area costs). |
| ● | Retail REITs – properties that have retail space, such as malls, outlet centers, and shopping centers. |
| ● | Diversified REITs – a mix of different types of properties, such as retail, office, industrial, and residential, providing a diversified portfolio. |
| ● | Technology REITs – properties related to the technology sector, which may include data centers, tech parks, and facilities that cater to technology companies. |
| ● | Residential REITs – residential properties, such multifamily housing, single-family rental housing, and senior housing. |
| ● | Self-storage REITs – storage facility properties. |
| ● | Industrial REITs – properties that are used for manufacturing, production, storage, and distribution of goods. |
| ● | Office REITs - office buildings. |
High-Value REIT Selection Process:
In the event that the initial portion of the high-value selection process results in a tie, the Index Provider uses the following further steps:
From the pool of remaining REITs, components are chosen based on their overall scores until 12 value REITs are selected.
If the last REIT to be selected faces a tie in scores:
| ● | Preference is given to the REIT from the least represented sector. |
| ● | If the tying REITs are from the same sector, the one with the highest full market capitalization is chosen. |
No sector will have more than 2 REITs represented. If this occurs:
| ● | The lowest-ranking REITs are removed. |
| ● | The next-highest ranking REIT from a different sector is added. |
Steps 1 to 3 are repeated until:
| ● | 12 REITs are selected, and |
| ● | No sector has more than two REITs represented. |
Note: If all sectors are represented by 2 REITs before 12 are selected, the group may contain fewer than 12 REITs.
Financial Terms Overview: The following provides a high-level description of the financial terms used in the Principal Investment Strategy section:
REIT: A Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a company that generally owns or finances income-producing real estate across various sectors. REITs are typically financed through a combination of selling shares to investors and borrowing money, which helps in acquiring and managing a property portfolio. By law, they must distribute at least 90% of their taxable income to shareholders as dividends, offering a potential source of income and the benefits of real estate investment.
REIT Quality Metrics:
General Metrics
Dividend Yield - A measure of the annual dividends per share divided by the price per share. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio) - A measure of the market value per share relative to the earnings per share. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio - Measures the relative proportion of shareholder’s equity and debt used to finance a company’s assets. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
REIT-Specific Metrics
Funds from Operations (FFO) - FFO adds depreciation and amortization to earnings and excludes gains or losses on sales of properties. It is a key metric for REITs as it can provide insight into the REIT’s cash performance. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
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Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate) – Cap Rate is calculated by dividing the Net Operating Income (NOI) of a property by its current market value or acquisition cost. The cap rate gives investors (such as the Fund) an idea of the yield they should expect from their investment, considering operating income and property value. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
Occupancy Rate - Measures the percentage of all rented or leased spaces over the total available space in the properties owned by a REIT. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio - Indicates the riskiness of a REIT’s financing strategy. It is calculated by dividing the mortgage amount by the appraised value of the property. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
Market and Macro Considerations
Geographical Diversification - The extent to which a REIT’s holdings are spread across different regions, which may shield it from localized economic downturns. This metric is evaluated using a five year look back period.
Interest Rate Sensitivity - As REITs typically carry substantial debt, the measure considers the potential impact of interest rate changes on a REIT’s cost of capital and overall profitability. This metric is evaluated using a five year look back period.
REIT Value Metrics:
General Metrics
Price to Funds from Operations (P/FFO) – This measure represents the multiple of a REIT’s share price to its FFO. A lower P/FFO ratio may indicate that the REIT is undervalued. Comparing the P/FFO ratio to the industry average or to its historical averages can help assess its relative value. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
Dividend Yield - Compare the REIT’s dividend yield with the average dividend yield of the sector. A higher yield might suggest undervaluation, but it’s also essential to assess whether it is sustainable. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
Net Asset Value (NAV) Per Share - Compare the market price per share to the NAV per share. If a REIT is trading at a significant discount to its NAV, it might be undervalued. This metric is evaluated using a five year look back period.
Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio - A lower P/E compared to industry peers may indicate relative undervaluation. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) - DCF analysis can help estimate the intrinsic value of a REIT by projecting its future cash flows and discounting them back to the present value. If the intrinsic value is higher than the current market price, the REIT might be undervalued. This metric is evaluated using 2-year forward consensus analyst estimates.
Operational Metrics
Occupancy Rate - Healthy occupancy rates indicate robust demand for the REIT’s properties, which can subsequently lead to stable or growing revenues. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
Same-Store Net Operating Income (SSNOI) - Positive SSNOI growth might point towards strong operational performance, which could be an indicator that the REIT is positioned well in its market. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
Debt Metrics (e.g., Debt-to-Equity, Interest Coverage Ratio) - REITs with manageable debt levels and strong interest coverage may be better positioned to navigate economic downturns and continue paying dividends, potentially making them more valuable. This metric is measure using the most recently available quarterly or trailing twelve months data are used based on the most recently available quarterly filing.
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Preferred Stocks:
The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is a benchmark interest rate published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, reflecting the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by Treasury securities in the repurchase agreement (repo) market.
Convertible preferred stocks are not eligible for inclusion in the Index, but callable preferred stocks are eligible for inclusion.
Tiered Weighting System:
As noted in the Principal Investment Strategies section, the Index employs a tiered equal weighting strategy, which is structured as follows: Each stock included in the Index is assigned a weight based on its defined scoring criteria. Specifically, stocks categorized under the “high-quality REITs” bucket receive a score of 2. In contrast, all other stocks, including those identified as high value and preferred stocks, are assigned a score of 1. This differential scoring system effectively determines the proportional weight of each stock within the Index.
For example, if the Index’s portfolio is comprised of 24 high-quality REITs, 12 high-value REITs, and 4 preferred stocks, at the time of a rebalance, the Index would be weighted approximately 75% to high-quality REITs, 18.75% to high-value REITs and 6.25% to preferred stocks. The following breaks down how the foregoing percentages were calculated in the example:
Assigning Scores:
| ● | High-quality REITs (24 stocks) each have a score of 2. |
| ● | High-value REITs (12 stocks) and preferred stocks (4 stocks) each have a score of 1. |
Calculating Total Points:
| ● | Total points for high-quality REITs = 24 stocks × 2 points/stock = 48 points. |
| ● | Total points for high-value REITs = 12 stocks × 1 point/stock = 12 points. |
| ● | Total points for preferred stocks = 4 stocks × 1 point/stock = 4 points. |
| ● | Overall total points = 48 (high-quality) + 12 (high-value) + 4 (preferred) = 64 points. |
Determining Weightings:
| ● | Weighting for high-quality REITs = (48 points / 64 total points) × 100 = 75%. |
| ● | Weighting for high-value REITs = (12 points / 64 total points) × 100 = 18.75%. |
| ● | Weighting for preferred stocks = (4 points / 64 total points) × 100 = 6.25%. |
Manager of Managers Structure
Although not currently sub-advised, the Fund and the Adviser have received exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board) to change or select new unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated sub-adviser changes. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee a sub-adviser and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement. The exemptive relief applies to sub-advisers that are either wholly owned by the Adviser or its parent company, as well as to unaffiliated sub-advisers, including those whose affiliation arises solely from their sub-advisory relationship.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund’s NAV per share, trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your performance in the Fund:
Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in the real estate industry. In addition, the Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or sectors of the real estate industry to reflect the Index’s allocation to such sector. The securities of many or all of the companies in the same sector or industry may decline in value due to developments adversely affecting such sector or industry. By concentrating its assets in a particular sector or sectors or industry or group of industries, the Fund is subject to the risk that economic, political or other conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors and/or industries may negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were invested in a wider variety of securities. As a result, the value of Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that invest in securities of companies in a broader range of industries.
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ETF Risks.
| ○ | Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Any such decisions by market makers or authorized participants to reduce their role or step away from these activities in times of market stress could inhibit the effectiveness of the arbitrage process in maintaining the relationship between the underlying value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and the Fund’s market price. This reduced effectiveness could result in Fund shares trading at a premium or discount to its NAV and also greater than normal intraday bid-ask spreads. |
| ○ | Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Buying or selling Shares involves certain costs, including brokerage commissions, other charges imposed by brokers, and bid-ask spreads. The bid-ask spread represents the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares. The spread varies over time based on the Shares’ trading volume and market liquidity. The spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, frequent trading of Shares may reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. |
| ○ | Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility and there may be widening bid-ask spreads. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant and there may be furthering widening bid-ask spreads. |
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| ○ | Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange circuit breaker rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500 Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. |
Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets.
Equity Market Risk. Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, or REIT sectors in which the Fund invests. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic, public health, and banking crises. As the Fund holds common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, those investments expose the Fund to greater risk than its holdings of preferred stocks of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.
General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or events, pandemic diseases, terrorism, regulatory events, and government controls.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Index, and therefore the Fund, may frequently reallocate all or a significant portion of its holdings. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains.
Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Index is heavily dependent on proprietary quantitative models as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to securities being included in or excluded from the Index that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. If the composition of the Index reflects such errors, the Fund’s portfolio can be expected to reflect the errors, too.
Newer Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with only a limited operating history. As a result, prospective investors have a limited track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third-parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and the Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks.
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Passive Investment Risk. The Fund invests in the securities included in, or representative of, its Index regardless of their investment merit. The Fund does not attempt to outperform its Index or take defensive positions in declining markets. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to its Index. The returns from the types of securities in which the Fund invests may underperform returns from the various general securities markets or different asset classes. This may cause the Fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes. Different types of securities (for example, office and residential REITs) tend to go through cycles of doing better – or worse – than the general securities markets. In the past, these periods have lasted for as long as several years.
Preferred Stock Risk. Investing in preferred stocks of REITs is subject to general market and issuer-specific risks, as well as interest rate risk due to their fixed or variable return rates. Dividends from preferred stocks are paid after all obligatory payments to creditors and can be impacted significantly by changes in a REIT’s financial status. Preferred stocks may offer less liquidity compared to other securities like common stock, and often have limited voting rights. Further, there is a risk that a REIT may defer, omit dividends, or opt to call, redeem, or convert preferred stocks to common stock, impacting the investment value.
Real Estate Securities Risk. Adverse economic, business or political developments affecting real estate could have a major effect on the value of the Fund’s investments in residential REITs and real estate-related securities. Investing in residential REITs and real estate-related securities may subject the Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Changes in interest rates may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in residential REITs and real estate-related securities. Real estate investments are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. Real estate investments are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency and defaults by borrowers.
REIT Risk. A REIT is a company that owns or finances income-producing real estate and meets certain requirements under the Code, as more fully described in the Fund’s SAI. Through its investments in REITs, the Fund is subject to the risks of investing in the real estate market, including decreases in property revenues, increases in interest rates, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, legal and regulatory changes, a lack of credit or capital, defaults by borrowers or tenants, environmental problems and natural disasters.
REITs are subject to additional risks, including those related to adverse governmental actions; declines in property value and the real estate market; the potential failure to qualify for tax-free pass through of income; and exemption from registration as an investment company. REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and may invest in relatively few properties, a small geographic area, or a small number of property types. As a result, investments in REITs may be volatile. To the extent the Fund invests in REITs concentrated in specific geographic areas or property types, the Fund may be subject to a greater loss as a result of adverse developments affecting such area or property types. REITs are pooled investment vehicles with their own fees and expenses and the Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of those fees and expenses.
REIT valuations can be significantly impacted by interest rate fluctuations; as interest rates rise, the increased borrowing costs can reduce profitability and cash flow, especially for highly leveraged REITs, leading to lower valuations, which could adversely impact the Fund’s performance. Broad macroeconomic trends, such as the shift towards remote work, can greatly influence the demand and valuation of certain real estate sectors like office and retail, potentially leading to long-term changes in property revenues and valuations for REITs, which could adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
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Tracking Error Risk. As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in Index components at all times or may hold securities not included in the Index.
Underlying Index Risk. Neither the Fund’s investment adviser nor the Index Provider is able to guarantee the continuous availability or timeliness of the production of the Index. The calculation and dissemination of the Index values may be delayed if the information technology or other facilities of the Index Provider, Calculation Agent, data providers and/or relevant stock exchange malfunction for any reason. A significant delay may cause trading in shares of the Fund to be suspended. Errors in Index data, computation and/or the construction in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the Index Provider, Calculation Agent or other applicable party for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund and its shareholders.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available on the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com. A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.
MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Tidal Investments LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company (“Tidal” or the “Adviser”), located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, is an SEC-registered investment adviser and a Delaware limited liability company. Tidal was founded in March 2012 and is dedicated to understanding, researching and managing assets within the expanding ETF universe. As of April 30, 2025, Tidal had assets under management of approximately $30.51 billion and served as the investment adviser or sub-adviser for 236 registered funds.
Tidal serves as investment adviser to the Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is responsible for determining the securities purchased and sold by the Fund, and trading portfolio securities and for the Fund, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions. The Adviser also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration, and all other related services necessary for the Fund to operate. For the services it provides to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund except for interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, litigation expenses, other non-routine or extraordinary expenses (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”), and the unitary management fee payable to the Adviser.
Advisory Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s Semi-Annual Certified Shareholder Report to shareholders on Form N-CSR for the period ending July 31, 2024.
Portfolio Managers
The individuals described below (each, a “Portfolio Manager”) have served as Portfolio Managers of the Fund since its inception in 2024. Qiao Duan and Charles Ragauss are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Qiao Duan, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Qiao Duan serves as Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having joined the Adviser in October 2020. From February 2017 to October 2020, she was an execution Portfolio Manager at Exponential ETFs, where she managed research and analysis relating to all Exponential ETF strategies. Ms. Duan previously served as a portfolio manager for the Exponential ETFs from their inception in May 2019 until October 2020. Ms. Duan received a Master of Science in Quantitative Finance and Risk Management from the University of Michigan in 2016 and a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics from Xiamen University in 2014. She holds the CFA designation.
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Charles A. Ragauss, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
Mr. Ragauss serves as Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, having joined the Adviser in September 2020. Mr. Ragauss previously served as Chief Operating Officer and in other roles at CSat Investment Advisory, L.P. from April 2016 to September 2020. Previously, Mr. Ragauss was Assistant Vice President at Huntington National Bank (“Huntington”), where he was Product Manager for the Huntington Funds and Huntington Strategy Shares ETFs, a combined fund complex of almost $4 billion in assets under management. At Huntington, he led ETF development bringing to market some of the first actively managed ETFs. Mr. Ragauss joined Huntington in 2010. Mr. Ragauss attended Grand Valley State University where he received his Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance and International Business, as well as a minor in French. He is a member of both the National and West Michigan CFA societies and holds the CFA designation.
CFA® is a registered trademark owned by the CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about each Portfolio Manager’s compensation structure, other accounts that each Portfolio Manager manages, and each Portfolio Manager’s ownership of Shares.
FUND SPONSOR
The Adviser has entered into a fund sponsorship agreement with Wide Moat Indexes, LLC (“Sponsor”) pursuant to which Sponsor is a sponsor to the Fund. Under this arrangement, Sponsor has agreed to provide financial support (as described below) to the Fund. Every month, unitary management fees for the Fund are calculated and paid to the Adviser, and the Adviser retains a portion of the unitary management fees from the Fund.
In return for its financial support for the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay Sponsor any remaining profits generated by the unitary management fee. If the amount of the unitary management fees for the Fund exceeds its operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, that excess amount is considered “remaining profit.” In that case, the Adviser will pay the remaining profits to Sponsor.
Further, if the amount of the unitary management fee for the Fund is less than the Fund’s operating expenses and the Adviser-retained amount, Sponsor is obligated to reimburse the Adviser for the shortfall.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
The Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by the Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
In order to purchase Creation Units of the Fund, an AP must generally deposit a designated portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash. Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units primarily with cash, rather than through in-kind delivery of portfolio securities, may cause the Fund to incur certain costs. These costs could include brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that it might not have incurred if it had made redemption in-kind. These costs could be imposed on the Fund, and thus decrease the Fund’s NAV, to the extent that the costs are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
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Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book-entry or street name through your brokerage account.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
The Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with the NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Fund and the Adviser reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination of Net Asset Value
The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for regular business. The NAV for the Fund is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security or other asset held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security or other asset will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Adviser (as described below).
Fair Value Pricing
The Board has designated the Adviser as the “valuation designee” for the Fund under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. The Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies, which have been approved by the Board, to fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) an investment has been delisted or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) an investment’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) an investment’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) an investment’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the investment’s primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the investment, general and/or specific market conditions, and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the investment. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies included in the Adviser adopted valuation procedures. The Adviser will fair value Fund investments whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the investment upon the sale of such investment.
Investments by Other Registered Investment Companies in the Fund
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including Shares. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive rule under the 1940 Act, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Fund.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
The Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, monthly, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
Taxes
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws.
The Fund intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund-level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (institutional investors only).
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Taxes on Distributions
For federal income tax purposes, distributions of net investment income are generally taxable to shareholders as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of net capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned their Shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains to shareholders. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations.
For taxable years beginning after 2017 and before 2026, non-corporate taxpayers generally may deduct 20% of “qualified business income” derived either directly or through partnerships or S corporations. For this purpose, “qualified business income” generally includes ordinary real estate investment trust (“REIT”) dividends. Non-corporate shareholders can claim the qualified business income deduction with respect to REIT dividends received by the Fund if the Fund meets certain holding period and reporting requirements.
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from the Fund.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts, and estates may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). The Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of Fund shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
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In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable to you even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).
You may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable to you even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Fund may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (A) certain foreign financial institutions unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) the identity of certain of its account-holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (B) certain non-financial foreign entities unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect the Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in the Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that they are not subject to such withholding.
Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of substantially identical Shares.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if such Shares have been held for one year or less.
The Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
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Important Tax Considerations When Purchasing Fund Shares
If you are investing through a taxable account, you should carefully consider the timing of your investment relative to the Fund’s distribution schedule. Purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution may increase your tax liability, a situation commonly referred to as “buying a dividend.”
When the Fund makes a distribution, its share price typically drops by an amount roughly equal to the distribution. As a hypothetical example, if you invest $5,000 to purchase 250 shares at $20 per share on December 15, and the Fund pays a $1 per share distribution on December 16, the share price would adjust to $19 (ignoring market fluctuations). Although your total investment value remains $5,000 (250 shares × $19 in share value plus 250 shares × $1 distribution), you would owe taxes on the $250 distribution, even if you reinvest the distribution rather than receiving it in cash.
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains realized by the Fund before you invested, and even if they were reflected in the purchase price of the shares. Consequently, you may incur taxes on income or gains that accrued before your investment, without corresponding benefit.
Unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement plan, you may wish to avoid purchasing Fund shares shortly before a distribution. You can minimize the potential tax impact by reviewing the Fund’s distribution schedule prior to investing. When available, information about the Fund’s distribution schedule can be found on the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to foreign, state, and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group), (the “Distributor”), the Fund’s distributor, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
The Board has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year to pay distribution fees for the sale and distribution of its Shares.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of Fund assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Information regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund can be found on the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com.
ADDITIONAL NOTICES
Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to the owners of Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of Shares.
Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.
The Adviser has entered into a licensing agreement with the Index Provider to use the Index. The Fund is entitled to use its Index pursuant to a sub-licensing arrangement with the Adviser.
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The Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by MarketVector Indexes GmbH (“Licensor”) and any of its affiliates. Licensor and any of its affiliates make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly or the ability of the iREIT®- MarketVector™ Quality REIT Index (“Index”) to track the performance of high quality US listed common and preferred equity securities of REITs. Licensor’s only relationship to the Licensee is the licensing of certain service marks and trade names of Licensor and of the Index that is determined, composed and calculated by Licensor without regard to the Licensee or the Fund. Licensor has no obligation to take the needs of the Licensee or the owners of the Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Index. Licensor is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Fund to be issued or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Fund is to be converted into cash. Licensor has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Fund.
The Index is the exclusive property of MarketVector Indexes GmbH, which has contracted with Solactive AG to maintain and calculate the Index. Solactive AG uses its best efforts to ensure that the Index is calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards MarketVector Indexes GmbH, Solactive AG has no obligation to point out errors in the Index to third parties including but not limited to investors and/or financial intermediaries of the financial instrument.
The Fund is not sponsored, promoted, sold or supported in any other manner by Solactive AG nor does Solactive AG offer any express or implicit guarantee or assurance either with regard to the results of using the Index and/or Index trade mark or the Index Price at any time or in any other respect. Neither publication of the Index by Solactive AG nor the licensing of the Index or Index trade mark for the purpose of use in connection with the financial instrument constitutes a recommendation by Solactive AG to invest capital in said financial instrument nor does it in any way represent an assurance or opinion of Solactive AG with regard to any investment in this financial instrument. Solactive AG is not responsible for fulfilling the legal requirements concerning the accuracy and completeness of the financial instrument’s prospectus.
LICENSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OF ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN AND LICENSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES SHALL NOT HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. LICENSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES MAKE NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY LICENSEE, OWNERS OF FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. LICENSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR AND ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
The Adviser and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.
The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated shareholders must first be made on a Fund’s Trustees. The Declaration of Trust details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgments that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that shareholders owning Shares representing no less than a majority of a Fund’s outstanding shares must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Fund in connection with the consideration of the demand, if a court determines that the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the Declaration of Trust, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees, if a court determines that the action was brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. The Declaration of Trust provides that no shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any Fund, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a Fund, unless the shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the Fund, generally. Under the Declaration of Trust, a shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a shareholder of the Fund with respect to which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of or have acquired the shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time. The Declaration of Trust further provides that a Fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. These provisions do not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws.
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The Declaration of Trust also requires that actions by shareholders against a Fund be brought exclusively in a federal or state court located within the State of Delaware. This provision will not apply to claims brought under the federal securities laws. Limiting shareholders’ ability to bring actions only in courts located in Delaware may cause shareholders economic hardship to litigate the action in those courts, including paying for travel expenses of witnesses and counsel, requiring retaining local counsel, and may limit shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that shareholders find favorable for disputes, which may discourage such actions.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return in the table represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Annual Report on Form N-CSR, which is available upon request.
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| Financial Highlights | iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF |
For a share outstanding throughout the period presented
| Period ended January 31, 2025(a) |
||||
| PER SHARE DATA: | ||||
| Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 20.00 | ||
| INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | ||||
| Net investment income(b) | 0.68 | |||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments(c) | 0.16 | |||
| Total from investment operations | 0.84 | |||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS FROM: | ||||
| Net investment income | (0.61 | ) | ||
| Return of capital | (0.18 | ) | ||
| Total distributions | (0.79 | ) | ||
| Net asset value, end of period | $ | 20.05 | ||
| TOTAL RETURN(d) | 4.13 | % | ||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | ||||
| Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 5,014 | ||
| Ratio of expenses to average net assets(e) | 0.60 | % | ||
| Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets(e) | 3.59 | % | ||
| Portfolio turnover rate(d)(f) | 126 | % | ||
| (a) | Inception date of the Fund was March 5, 2024. |
| (b) | Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
| (c) | Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the period. |
| (d) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (e) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (f) | Portfolio turnover rate excludes in-kind transactions. |
| 22 |
iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF
| Adviser | Tidal
Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
Administrator | Tidal
ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 |
| Distributor | Foreside
Fund Services, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101 |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
Cohen
& Company, Ltd. 1835 Market Street, Suite 310 Philadelphia, PA 19103 |
| Custodian | U.S. Bank National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Dr. Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
Legal Counsel | Sullivan
& Worcester LLP New York, NY 10020 |
| Sub-Administrator,
Fund Accountant, and Transfer Agent |
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
Investors may find more information about the Fund in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Fund’s SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI dated May 31, 2025, as supplemented from time to time, is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the Fund’s prior fiscal year or period. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can obtain free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Fund by contacting the Fund at iret ETFs c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or calling (855) 511-1210.
Shareholder reports, the Fund’s current Prospectus and SAI and other information about the Fund are available:
| ● | Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or |
| ● | Free of charge from the Fund’s Internet website at www.IRETETF.com; or |
| ● | For a fee, by e-mail request to [email protected]. |
The SAI and other information are also available from a financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) through which the Fund’s shares may be purchased or sold.
(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23793)
| IRET | iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF |
| listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. |
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
May 31, 2025
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF (the “Fund”), a series of Tidal Trust II (the “Trust”), dated May 31, 2025, as may be supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). Capitalized terms used in this SAI that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge, by calling the Fund at (855) 511-1210, visiting www.IRETETF.com, or writing to the iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701.
The Fund’s audited financial statements for the fiscal period ended January 31, 2025, are incorporated herein by reference to the Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR dated January 31, 2025 (File No. 811-23793). A copy of the Fund’s annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR may be obtained at no charge by contacting the Fund at the address or phone number noted above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST
The Trust is an open-end management investment company consisting of multiple series, including the iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF (the “Fund”). This SAI relates to the Fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on January 13, 2022. The Trust is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, as amended, the “1940 Act”), as an open-end management investment company and the offering of the Fund’s shares (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”). Tidal Investments LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as investment adviser to the Fund. The Fund seeks to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the. iREIT®- MarketVector™ Quality REIT Index (the “Index”).
The Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a “Creation Unit”). The Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. Shares are or will be listed on NYSE Arca, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares trade on the Exchange at market prices that may differ from the Shares’ NAV. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, primarily for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors, known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs,” purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not individually redeemable.
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND RELATED RISKS
The Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.
With respect to the Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.
Diversification
The Fund is “diversified” within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Under applicable federal laws, to qualify as a diversified fund, the Fund, with respect to 75% of its total assets, may not invest greater than 5% of its total assets in any one issuer and may not hold greater than 10% of the securities of one issuer, other than investments in cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. government securities, and securities of other investment companies. The remaining 25% of the Fund’s total assets does not need to be “diversified” and may be invested in securities of a single issuer, subject to other applicable laws. The diversification of the Fund’s holdings is measured at the time the Fund purchases a security. However, if the Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the Fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by the Fund, the Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers.
In addition, the Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and to relieve the Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the Code may limit the investment flexibility of the Fund and may make it less likely that the Fund will meet its investment objectives. See “Federal Income Taxes” in this SAI for further discussion.
General Risks
The value of the Fund’s portfolio securities may fluctuate with changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic or political conditions that affect a particular security or issuer and changes in general economic or political conditions. An investor in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time.
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There can be no guarantee that a liquid market for the securities held by the Fund will be maintained. The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of Shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund’s portfolio securities are limited or absent, or if bid/ask spreads are wide.
Financial markets, both domestic and foreign, have recently experienced an unusually high degree of volatility. Continuing events and possible continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on Fund performance.
Cyber Security Risk. Investment companies, such as the Fund, and their service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber attacks. Cyber attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Adviser, Custodian (defined below), Transfer Agent (defined below), intermediaries or other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. In addition to the ETF Risks described in the Prospectus, there are additional factors that may impact the Shares Trading at Prices other than at NAV. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that Shares normally will trade close to the value of the Fund’s holdings, market prices are not expected to correlate exactly to the Fund’s NAV due to timing reasons, supply and demand imbalances and other factors. The price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares may be closely related to, but not necessarily identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities of the Fund’s portfolio of investments trading individually or in the aggregate at any point in time. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Shares that were bought or sold or the shareholder may be unable to sell his or her Shares. Any of these factors, discussed in the prospectus, may lead to the Shares trading at a premium or discount to the Fund’s NAV. In addition, because certain of the Fund’s underlying securities may trade on exchanges that are closed when the exchange that Shares of the Fund trade on is open, there may be deviations between the expected value of an underlying security and the closing security’s price (i.e., the last quote from its closed foreign market) resulting in premiums or discounts to NAV that may be greater than those experienced by other ETFs. Furthermore, the securities held by the Fund may be traded in markets that close at a different time. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid/ask spreads and the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ NAV may widen. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings.
Index Tracking Risks. The Fund’s return may not match the return of the Index for a number of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses, including taxes, not applicable to the Index and incurs costs associated with buying and selling securities and entering into derivatives transactions (if applicable), especially when rebalancing the Fund’s securities holdings to reflect changes in the composition of the Index, or (if applicable) raising cash to meet redemptions or deploying cash in connection with inflows into the Fund. Transaction costs, including brokerage costs, may decrease the Fund’s NAV.
Market disruptions and regulatory restrictions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the Index. Unusual market conditions may cause the Index provider to postpone a scheduled rebalance, which could cause the Index to vary from its normal or expected composition. There is no assurance that the Index provider or any agents that may act on its behalf will compile the Index accurately, or that the Index will be determined, composed or calculated accurately. Errors in respect of the quality, accuracy and completeness of the data used to compile the Index may occur from time to time and may not be identified and corrected by the Index provider, particularly where the indices are less commonly used as benchmarks by funds or managers. Therefore, gains, losses or costs associated with errors of the Index provider or its agents will generally be borne by the Fund and its shareholders. For example, during a period where the Index contains incorrect constituents, the Fund would have market exposure to such constituents and would be underexposed to the Index’s other constituents. Such errors may negatively or positively impact the Fund and its shareholders.
When the Index is rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne directly by the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund may not be fully invested at times either as a result of cash flows into the Fund or reserves of cash held by the Fund to pay expenses or to meet redemptions. In addition, the Fund may not invest in certain securities and/or other assets included in the Index, or invest in them in the exact proportions in which they are represented in the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the return of the Index for a variety of reasons, including legal restrictions or limitations imposed by the governments of certain countries, certain exchange listing standards (where applicable), a lack of liquidity in markets in which such securities trade, potential adverse tax consequences or other regulatory reasons (such as diversification requirements). A lack of liquidity may be due to various events, including market events, economic conditions or investor perceptions. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value and their value may be lower than the market price of comparable liquid securities, which would negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Moreover, the Fund may be delayed in purchasing or selling securities included in the Index. When markets are volatile, the ability to sell securities at fair value prices may be adversely impacted and may result in additional trading costs and/or increase the index tracking risk. To the extent the Fund encounters any issues with regard to currency convertibility (including the cost of borrowing funds, if any), repatriation or economic sanctions, such issues may also increase index tracking risk. The Fund may also need to rely on borrowings to meet redemptions, which may lead to increased expenses. For tax efficiency purposes, the Fund may sell certain securities, and such sale may cause the Fund to realize a loss and deviate from the performance of the Index. The Fund’s performance may also deviate from the performance of the Index due to the impact of withholding taxes, late announcements relating to changes to the Index and high turnover of the Index.
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The Fund may fair value certain of its investments, underlying currencies and/or other assets. To the extent the Fund calculates its NAV based on fair value prices and the value of the Index is based on securities’ closing prices on local foreign markets (i.e., the value of the Index is not based on fair value prices) or if the Fund otherwise calculates its NAV based on prices that differ from those used in calculating the Index, the Fund’s ability to track the Index may be adversely affected. The need to comply with the tax diversification and other requirements of the Code may also impact the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index. In addition, if the Fund utilizes depositary receipts or other derivative instruments, its return may not correlate as well with the return of the Index as would be the case if the Fund purchased all the securities in the Index directly. To the extent the Fund utilizes depositary receipts, the purchase of depositary receipts may negatively affect the Fund’s ability to track the performance of the Index and increase tracking error, which may be exacerbated if the issuer of the depositary receipt discontinues issuing new depositary receipts or withdraws existing depositary receipts. Actions taken in response to proposed corporate actions could also result in increased tracking error. In light of the factors discussed above, the Fund’s return may deviate significantly from the return of the Index.
Apart from scheduled rebalances, the Index provider or its agents may carry out additional ad hoc rebalances to the Index in order, for example, to correct an error in the selection of index constituents. When the Index is rebalanced and the Fund in turn rebalances its portfolio to attempt to increase the correlation between the Fund’s portfolio and the Index, any transaction costs and market exposure arising from such portfolio rebalancing will be borne directly by the Fund and its shareholders. Therefore, errors and additional ad hoc rebalances carried out by the Index provider to the Index may increase the costs to and the tracking error risk of the Fund.
Index tracking risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions. Changes to the composition of the Index in connection with a rebalancing or reconstitution of the Index may cause the Fund to experience increased volatility, during which time the Fund’s index tracking risk may be heightened.
DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Fund will invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices only if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies. In addition, certain of the techniques and investments discussed in this SAI are not principal strategies of the Fund as disclosed in the Prospectus, and while such techniques and investments are permissible for the Fund to utilize, the Fund is not required to utilize such non-principal techniques or investments.
Borrowing
Although the Fund does not intend to borrow money, the Fund may do so to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may borrow up to one-third (1/3) of its total assets. The Fund will borrow money only for short-term or emergency purposes. Such borrowing is not for investment purposes and will be repaid by the Fund promptly. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)
A U.S. REIT is a corporation or business trust (that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation) which meets the definitional requirements of the Code. The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct from taxable income the dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things: invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including mortgages and other REITs), cash and government securities; derive most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property; and, in general, distribute annually 90% or more of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) to shareholders.
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REITs are sometimes informally characterized as Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. An Equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership or leasehold ownership of land and buildings (e.g., commercial equity REITs and residential equity REITs); a Mortgage REIT invests primarily in mortgages on real property, which may secure construction, development or long-term loans.
REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent that REITs in which the Fund invests may concentrate investments in particular geographic regions or property types. Additionally, rising interest rates may cause investors in REITs to demand a higher annual yield from future distributions, which may in turn decrease market prices for equity securities issued by REITs. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could 5 cause the value of the Fund’s investments to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, certain Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay, which prepayment may diminish the yield on securities issued by such Mortgage REITs. In addition, Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay when due the debt extended by the REIT and Equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.
Certain REITs have relatively small market capitalization, which may tend to increase the volatility of the market price of securities issued by such REITs. Furthermore, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification and are, therefore, subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder will bear not only his or her proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders.
In addition to these risks, Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, Equity and Mortgage REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. Equity and Mortgage REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, Equity and Mortgage REITs could possibly fail to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally available to REITs under the Code or fail to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.
U.S. Government Securities
The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac).
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, GNMA pass- through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Fund, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by the FNMA and Freddie Mac are protected.
On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury amended the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth over the next three years. On August 17, 2012, the U.S. Treasury announced the Third Amendment to the Agreement that recalibrated the calculation of the quarterly dividends that Freddie Mac pays to the U.S. Treasury which eliminated the need for Freddie Mac circularly to borrow from the U.S. Treasury only then to pay dividends back to the U.S. Treasury. The Third Amendment suspended the periodic commitment fee for so long as the dividend amounts were based on net worth. The Third Amendment also eliminated the requirement that Freddie Mac obtain the U.S. Treasury’s consent for asset dispositions with a fair market value (individually or in aggregate) of less than $250 million, but required Freddie Mac to submit annual risk management plans to the U.S. Treasury. On December 21, 2017, a letter agreement between the U.S. Treasury and Freddie Mac changed the terms of the senior preferred stock certificates to permit Freddie Mac to retain a $3 billion capital reserve, quarterly. On September 30, 2019, the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), acting as Conservator to Freddie Mac, announced amendments to the senior preferred stock certificates that will permit Freddie Mac to retain earnings beyond the $3 billion capital reserves previously allowed through the letter agreements. Since January 6, 2014, FHFA has conducted an ongoing assessment of its obligations and statutory mandates in preparation for Freddie Mac’s eventual exit from conservatorship.
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To Be Announced (“TBA”) Securities
A TBA securities transaction, which is a type of forward-commitment transaction, represents an agreement to buy or sell mortgage-backed securities with agreed-upon characteristics for a fixed unit price, with settlement on a scheduled future date, typically within 30 calendar days of the trade date. With TBA transactions, the particular securities (i.e., specified mortgage pools) to be delivered or received are not identified at the trade date; however, securities delivered to a purchaser must meet specified criteria, including face value, coupon rate, and maturity, and be within industry- accepted “good delivery” standards. The Fund may sell TBA securities to hedge its portfolio positions or to dispose of mortgage-backed securities it owns under delayed-delivery arrangements. Proceeds of TBA securities sold are not received until the contractual settlement date. For TBA purchases, the Fund may be required to post sufficient liquid assets (e.g., cash or marketable securities) until settlement date with a qualified custodian as collateral in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price. Unsettled TBA securities are valued by an independent pricing service based on the characteristics of the securities to be delivered or received. A risk associated with TBA transactions is that at settlement, either the buyer fails to pay the agreed price for the securities, or the seller fails to deliver the agreed securities. As the value of such unsettled TBA securities is assessed on a daily basis, parties mitigate such risk by, among other things, exchanging collateral as security for performance, performing a credit analysis of the counterparty, allocating transactions among numerous counterparties, and monitoring its exposure to each counterparty.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits the Fund to invest in securities on a when-issued or forward-settling basis, or with a non-standard settlement cycle, notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date (the “Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision”). A when-issued, forward-settling, or non-standard settlement cycle security that does not satisfy the Delayed-Settlement Securities Provision is treated as a derivatives transaction under Rule 18f-4.
Variable and Floating Rate Instruments
Certain obligations purchased by the Fund may carry variable or floating rates of interest, may involve a conditional or unconditional demand feature and may include variable amount master demand notes. Variable and floating rate instruments are issued by a wide variety of issuers and may be issued for a wide variety of purposes, including as a method of reconstructing cash flows. Subject to its investment objective policies and restrictions, the Fund may acquire variable and floating rate instruments. A variable rate instrument is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate on set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. The Fund may purchase extendable commercial notes. Extendable commercial notes are variable rate notes which normally mature within a short period of time (e.g., 1 month) but which may be extended by the issuer for a maximum maturity of thirteen months. A floating rate instrument is one whose terms provide for the adjustment of its interest rate whenever a specified interest rate changes and which, at any time, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. Floating rate instruments are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated variable and floating rate instruments purchased by the Fund will be determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments eligible for purchase under the Fund’s investment policies. In making such determinations, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such instruments (such issuers include financial, merchandising, bank holding and other companies) and will continuously monitor their financial condition. There may be no active secondary market with respect to a particular variable or floating rate instrument purchased by the Fund. The absence of such an active secondary market could make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of the variable or floating rate instrument involved in the event the issuer of the instrument defaulted on its payment obligations, and the Fund could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default. Variable or floating rate instruments may be secured by bank letters of credit or other assets. The Fund may purchase a variable or floating rate instrument to facilitate portfolio liquidity or to permit investment of the Fund’s assets at a favorable rate of return. As a result of the floating and variable rate nature of these investments, the Fund’s yields may decline, and it may forego the opportunity for capital appreciation during periods when interest rates decline; however, during periods when interest rates increase, the Fund’s yields may increase, and it may have reduced risk of capital depreciation. Past periods of high inflation, together with the fiscal measures adopted to attempt to deal with it, have seen wide fluctuations in interest rates, particularly “prime rates” charged by banks. While the value of the underlying floating or variable rate securities may change with changes in interest rates generally, the nature of the underlying floating or variable rate should minimize changes in value of the instruments. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation and the risk of potential capital depreciation is less than would be the case with a portfolio of fixed rate securities. The Fund’s portfolio may contain floating or variable rate securities on which stated minimum or maximum rates, or maximum rates set by state law limit the degree to which interest on such floating or variable rate securities may fluctuate; to the extent it does, increases or decreases in value may be somewhat greater than would be the case without such limits. Because the adjustment of interest rates on the floating or variable rate securities is made in relation to movements of the applicable banks’ “prime rates” or other short-term rate securities adjustment indices, the floating or variable rate securities are not comparable to long-term fixed rate securities. Accordingly, interest rates on the floating or variable rate securities may be higher or lower than current market rates for fixed rate obligations of comparable quality with similar maturities.
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Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not acquire any “illiquid investment” if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. The Fund has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4. The 15% limit shall be observed continuously.
The Fund may purchase certain restricted securities that can be resold to institutional investors and which may be determined not to be illiquid investments pursuant to the Fund’s liquidity risk management program. In many cases, those securities are traded in the institutional market under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and are called Rule 144A securities.
Investments in illiquid investments involve more risks than investments in similar securities that are readily marketable. Illiquid investments may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments. Investment of the Fund’s assets in illiquid investments may restrict the ability of the Fund to dispose of its investments in a timely fashion and for a fair price as well as its ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquidity will be particularly acute where the Fund’s operations require cash, such as when the Fund has net redemptions, and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet short-term cash requirements or incurring losses on the sale of illiquid investments.
Illiquid investments are often restricted securities sold in private placement transactions between issuers and their purchasers and may be neither listed on an exchange nor traded in other established markets. In many cases, the privately placed securities may not be freely transferable under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction or due to contractual restrictions on resale. To the extent privately placed securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from the sales could be less than those originally paid by the Fund or less than the fair value of the securities. In addition, issuers whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that may be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If any privately placed securities held by the Fund are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being resold, the Fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration. Private placement investments may involve investments in smaller, less seasoned issuers, which may involve greater risks than investments in more established companies. These issuers may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent on a limited management group. In making investments in private placement securities, the Fund may obtain access to material non-public information, which may restrict the Fund’s ability to conduct transactions in those securities.
Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest directly in foreign securities or have indirect exposure to foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards, and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers as well as gains or proceeds realized from the sale or other disposition of foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the imposition of economic sanctions, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability, or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. The establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations. In addition, investing in foreign securities will generally result in higher commissions than investing in similar domestic securities.
Decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund may invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
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Investing in emerging markets can have more risk than investing in developed foreign markets. The risks of investing in these markets may be exacerbated relative to investments in foreign markets. Governments of developing and emerging market countries may be more unstable as compared to more developed countries. Developing and emerging market countries may have less developed securities markets or exchanges, and legal and accounting systems. It may be more difficult to sell securities at acceptable prices and security prices may be more volatile than in countries with more mature markets. Currency values may fluctuate more in developing or emerging markets. Developing or emerging market countries may be more likely to impose government restrictions, including confiscatory taxation, expropriation or nationalization of a company’s assets, and restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies. In addition, emerging markets may impose restrictions on the Fund’s ability to repatriate investment income or capital and, thus, may adversely affect the operations of the Fund. Certain emerging markets may impose constraints on currency exchange and some currencies in emerging markets may have been devalued significantly against the U.S. dollar. For these and other reasons, the prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities of companies in developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect these risks may have on the Fund.
Investment Company Securities
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Investing in another pooled vehicle exposes the Fund to all the risks of that pooled vehicle. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (1) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (2) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (3) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.
If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act.
The Fund may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (1) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than three percent of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund; and (2) the sales load charged on Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2830 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). The Fund may also rely on Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in the Rule, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).
Money Market Funds
The Fund may invest in underlying money market funds that either seek to maintain a stable $1 NAV (“stable NAV money market funds”) or that have a share price that fluctuates (“variable NAV market funds”). Although an underlying stable NAV money market fund seeks to maintain a stable $1 NAV, it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in such a money market fund. Because the share price of an underlying variable NAV market fund will fluctuate, when the Fund sells the shares it owns they may be worth more or less than what the Fund originally paid for them. In addition, neither type of money market fund is designed to offer capital appreciation. Certain underlying money market funds may impose a fee upon the sale of shares or may temporarily suspend the ability to sell shares if such fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums.
Other Short-Term Instruments
The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits, and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service or “A-1” by S&P Global Ratings or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
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Securities Lending
If approved by the Board, the Fund may lend portfolio securities to certain creditworthy borrowers. The borrowers provide collateral that is maintained in an amount at least equal to the current value of the securities loaned. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The lending Fund receives the value of any interest or cash or non-cash distributions paid on the loaned securities. Distributions received on loaned securities in lieu of dividend payments (i.e., substitute payments) would not be considered qualified dividend income.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the borrower will be entitled to receive a fee based on the amount of cash collateral. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the amount earned on the reinvestment of cash collateral and the fee paid to the borrower. In the case of collateral other than cash, the Fund is compensated by a fee paid by the borrower equal to a percentage of the value of the loaned securities. Any cash collateral may be reinvested in certain short-term instruments either directly on behalf of the lending Fund or through one or more joint accounts or money market funds, which may include those managed by the Adviser.
The Fund may pay a portion of the interest or fees earned from securities lending to a borrower as described above, and to one or more securities lending agents approved by the Board who administer the lending program for the Fund in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. In such capacity, the lending agent causes the delivery of loaned securities from the Fund to borrowers, arranges for the return of loaned securities to the Fund at the termination of a loan, requests deposit of collateral, monitors the daily value of the loaned securities and collateral, requests that borrowers add to the collateral when required by the loan agreements, and provides recordkeeping and accounting services necessary for the operation of the program.
Securities lending involves exposure to certain risks, including operational risk (i.e., the risk of losses resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process), “gap” risk (i.e., the risk of a mismatch between the return on cash collateral reinvestments and the fees the Fund has agreed to pay a borrower), and credit, legal, counterparty and market risk. In the event a borrower does not return the Fund’s securities as agreed, the Fund may experience losses if the proceeds received from liquidating the collateral do not at least equal the value of the loaned security at the time the collateral is liquidated plus the transaction costs incurred in purchasing replacement securities.
Tax Risks
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in the Prospectus and this SAI is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-deferred retirement account or other tax-advantaged arrangement, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions or you sell Shares.
Temporary Defensive Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will stay fully invested according to its principal investment strategies. For temporary defensive purposes during adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, such as U.S. Government obligations, investment grade debt securities and other money market instruments. Taking a temporary defensive position may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objective.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to the Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
8
Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, the Fund may not:
| 1. | Borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined under the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. | |
| 2. | Make loans, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. | |
| 3. | Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments backed by real estate, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) or securities of companies engaged in the real estate business. | |
| 4. | Purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. This shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options and futures contracts or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities. | |
| 5. | Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. | |
| 6. | Concentrate its investments (i.e., hold more than 25% of its total assets) in any industry or group of related industries, except that the Fund will concentrate its investments in the real estate industry. For purposes of this limitation, securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), repurchase agreements collateralized by securities of the U.S. government (including its agencies and instrumentalities), investment companies, and tax-exempt securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by members of any industry. | |
7.
|
With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer if, immediately after and as a result of such purchase, (a) the value of the Fund’s holdings in the securities of such issuer exceeds 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets, or (b) the Fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer (with the exception that this restriction does not apply to the Fund’s investments in the securities of the U.S. government, or its agencies or instrumentalities, or other investment companies). | |
In determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Fund will look through to the underlying holdings of any affiliated investment company and will consider its entire investment in any investment company with a policy to concentrate, or having otherwise disclosed that it is concentrated, in a particular industry or group of related industries as being invested in such industry or group of related industries. Additionally, in determining its compliance with the fundamental investment restriction on concentration, the Fund will look through to the user or use of private activity municipal bonds to determine their industry.
For purposes of applying the limitation set forth in the concentration policy set forth above, the Fund may use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, MSCI Global Industry Classification System, FTSE/Dow Jones Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) system, or any other reasonable industry classification system (including systems developed by the Adviser) to identify each industry. The Fund’s method applying the limitations in the above concentration policy, including the classification levels used, may differ from those of the Trust’s other series.
If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money and illiquid investments will be observed continuously.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove Shares from the listing under any of the following circumstances: (1) the Exchange becomes aware that the Fund is no longer eligible to operate in reliance on Rule 6c-11 of the Investment Company Act of 1940; (2) the Fund no longer complies with the Exchange’s requirements for Shares; or (3) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
9
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Board Responsibilities. The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Sub-Administrator, the Custodian, and the Transfer Agent, each of whom is discussed in greater detail in this Statement of Additional Information. The Board has appointed various senior employees of the Administrator as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters and the President reports as to matters relating to the Trust’s operations. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Fund. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of formal “Board Meetings” which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent operations. In addition, various members of the Board also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal “Board Meetings,” to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (e.g., investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Board meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance and operational risks and the Audit Committee meets with the Trust’s independent public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function.
The full Board also receives reports from the Adviser as to investment risks of the Fund. In addition to these reports, from time to time the full Board receives reports from the Administrator and the Adviser as to enterprise risk management.
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures, and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Board as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Fund’s investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available, or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.
Members of the Board. There are four members of the Board, three of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). Mr. Eric W. Falkeis serves as Chairman of the Board and is an interested person of the Trust.
The Board is composed of a majority (75 percent) of Independent Trustees. The Board has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Board has a Lead Independent Trustee, who acts as the primary liaison between the Independent Trustees and management. Ms. Michelle McDonough currently serves as the Lead Independent Trustee of the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from Fund management.
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Additional information about each Trustee of the Trust is set forth below. The address of each Trustee of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204.
| Name
and Year of Birth |
Position
with
|
Term of Office
Length
of Served(1) |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Number of
in
by
|
Other
Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years |
| Independent Trustees(3) | |||||
Javier Marquina Born: 1973
|
Trustee | Indefinite
term; since 2022 |
Founder and Chief Executive Officer of ARQ Consultants Inc. (since 2019) a firm specializing in cross border real estate investments; Interim CEO for the Americas of Acciona Inmobiliaria (2020 to 2021); Head of Investment Team for Latin America for GLL Real Estate Partners (2016 to 2020). | 179 | Board Vice-Chairman of Inmobiliaria Specturm (Guatemala and UK); Independent Board Member of LATAM Logistics Properties S.A. (Columbia, Peru and Costa Rica); Independent Board Member of Logistic Properties of the Americas |
Michelle McDonough Born: 1980
|
Trustee | Indefinite
term; since 2022 |
Chief Operating Officer, Trillium Asset Management LLC (2010 to 2024) | 179 | Trillium Asset Management, LLC (2020 to 2024) |
Dave Norris Born: 1976
|
Trustee | Indefinite
term; since 2022 |
Consulting work with Rubin Brown CPA services (since 2024); Consulting work with RedRidge Diligence Services (2023 to 2024); Chief Operating Officer, RedRidge Diligence Services (2011 to 2023). | 179 | None |
| Interested Trustee | |||||
Eric W. Falkeis(4) Born: 1973
|
Principal Executive Officer, Trustee, and Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Trustee, and Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018); Chief Operating Officer (and other positions), Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (2013 to 2018) and Direxion Advisors, LLC (2017 to 2018); President and Principal Executive Officer (since 2018). | 226 | Independent Director, Muzinich Direct Lending Income Fund, Inc. (since 2023); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (since 2019); Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios (27 series) (since 2011); Interested Trustee, Direxion Fund, Direxion Shares ETF Trust, and Direxion Insurance Trust (2014 to 2018); Trustee and Chairman of Tidal ETF Trust (since 2018). |
| (1) | The Trustees have designated a mandatory retirement age of 78, such that each Trustee, serving as such on the date he or she reaches the age of 78, shall submit his or her resignation not later than the last day of the calendar year in which his or her 78th birthday occurs. |
| (2) | The group of Funds sponsored by Tidal and managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, including Tidal ETF Trust, Tidal Trust II and Tidal Trust III. |
| (3) | All Independent Trustees of the Trust are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). |
| (4) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an “interested person” of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
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Individual Trustee Qualifications.
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. Each of the Trustees has substantial business and professional backgrounds that indicate they have the ability to critically review, evaluate and access information provided to them. Certain of these business and professional experiences are set forth in detail in the table above. The Board annually conducts a ’self-assessment’ wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and certain of their Trustee Attributes. The information provided below, and in the table above, is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, the ability to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests. In conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to serve effectively as Trustees of the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Marquina should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial business experience related to commercial real estate investment and business development through his current position as CEO and Founder at ARQ Consultants Inc., as well as through former positions. The Board believes Mr. Marquina’s experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Ms. McDonough should serve as a Trustee because of her substantial financial services experience, including experience with operations, compliance, IT, service provider oversight and management. For over a decade, Ms. McDonough has served as COO of Trillium Asset Management and in that capacity oversees all non-investment functions for the firm. The Board believes Ms. McDonough experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Norris should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial experience across multitude of industries and operated businesses. Mr. Norris’ business operation experience consists of capital raising, business development, investor relations, strategic planning, treasury management, deal execution, restructuring oversight of back-office functions. Mr. Norris serves as the Trust’s Audit Committee Financial Expert. The Board believes Mr. Norris’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills, on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees, led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Falkeis should serve as a Trustee because of his substantial investment company experience and his experience with financial, accounting, investment, and regulatory matters through his former position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions) of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Global Fund Services”), a full service provider to ETFs, mutual funds, and alternative investment products, from 1997 to 2013, as well as a Trustee and Chairman of the Tidal ETF Trust, from 2018 to present. In addition, he has experience consulting with investment advisors regarding the legal structure of mutual funds, distribution channel analysis, and actual distribution of those funds. Mr. Falkeis also has substantial managerial, operational, technological, and risk oversight related experience through his former position as Chief Operating Officer of the advisers to the Direxion mutual fund and ETF complex. The Board believes Mr. Falkeis’ experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
12
Board Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees of the Board:
Audit Committee. The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and is chaired by an Independent Trustee. Mr. Norris is chair of the Audit Committee and he presides at the Audit Committee meetings, participates in formulating agendas for Audit Committee meetings, and coordinates with management to serve as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and management on matters within the scope of responsibilities of the Audit Committee as set forth in its Board-approved written charter. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include overseeing the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls; overseeing the quality, objectivity and integrity of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audits thereof; monitoring the independent auditor’s qualifications, independence, and performance; acting as a liaison between the Trust’s independent auditors and the full Board; pre-approving all auditing services to be performed for the Trust; reviewing the compensation and overseeing the work of the independent auditor (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services (including the fees and terms thereof) to be performed for the Trust; pre-approving all permitted non-audit services to be performed for any investment adviser or sub-adviser to the Trust by any of the Trust’s independent auditors if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Trust; meeting with the Trust’s independent auditors as necessary to (1) review the arrangement for and scope of the annual audits and any special audits, (2) discuss any matters of concern relating to the Fund’s financial statements, (3) consider the independent auditors’ comments with respect to the Trust’s financial policies, procedures and internal accounting controls and Trust management’s responses thereto, and (4) review the form of opinion the independent auditors propose to render to the Board and the Fund’s shareholders; discussing with management and the independent auditor significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the Fund’s financial statements; and reviewing and discussing reports from the independent auditors on (1) all critical accounting policies and practices to be used, (2) all alternative treatments within generally accepted accounting principles for policies and practices related to material items that have been discussed with management, (3) other material written communications between the independent auditor and management, including any management letter, schedule of unadjusted differences, or management representation letter, and (4) all non-audit services provided to any entity in the Trust that were not pre-approved by the Committee; and reviewing disclosures made to the Committee by the Trust’s principal executive officer and principal accounting officer during their certification process for the Fund’s Form N-CSR. For the fiscal period ending January 31, 2025, the Audit Committee met once with respect to the Fund.
The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”) for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations, regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer (the “issuer attorneys”). An issuer attorney who becomes aware of evidence of a material violation by the Trust, or by any officer, director, employee, or agent of the Trust, may report evidence of such material violation to the QLCC as an alternative to the reporting requirements of Rule 205.3(b) (which requires reporting to the chief legal officer and potentially escalating further to other entities). For the fiscal period ending January 31, 2025, the QLCC did not meet with respect to the Trust.
Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board has a standing Nominating and Governance Committee that is composed of each of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Nominating and Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees as is considered necessary from time to time and meets only as necessary. The Nominating and Governance Committee generally will not consider nominees recommended by shareholders. The Nominating and Governance Committee is also responsible for, among other things, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Independent Trustee compensation and the Trustees’ annual “self-assessment.” Ms. McDonough is the chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee meets periodically, as necessary, but at least annually. For the fiscal period ending January 31, 2025, the Nominating and Governance Committee met once with respect to the Trust.
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Principal Officers of the Trust
The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise its daily business. The address of each officer of the Trust is c/o Tidal Trust II, 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, unless otherwise indicated. Additional information about the Trust’s officers is as follows:
Name and Year of Birth |
Position(s) Held with the Trust |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Eric W. Falkeis (1) Born: 1973
|
Principal Executive Officer, Interested Trustee, Chairman | Principal Executive Officer since 2022, Indefinite term; Interested Trustee, Chairman, since 2022, Indefinite term | Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2018); Chief Operating Officer (and other positions), Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (2013 to 2018) and Direxion Advisors, LLC (2017 to 2018); President (2018 to 2024), Principal Executive Officer, Interested Trustee and Chairman of Tidal ETF Trust (since 2018). |
William H. Woolverton, Esq. Born: 1951
|
Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer | AML Compliance Officer since 2023, Indefinite term; Chief Compliance Officer, Indefinite term;
since 2022
|
Chief Compliance Officer (since 2023), Compliance Advisor (2022 to 2023), Tidal Investments LLC; Chief Compliance Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (since 2022); Senior Compliance Advisor, ACA Global (2020 to 2022); Operating Partner, Altamont Capital Partners (private equity firm) (2021 to present); Director, Hadron Specialty Insurance Company; Managing Director and Head of Legal - US, Waystone (global governance solutions) (2016 to 2019). |
Ally L. Mueller Born: 1979
|
President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | SVP of Launches & Client Success Management (since 2025), Head of ETF Launches and Client Success (2023 to 2024), Head of ETF Launches and Finance Director (2019 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC; Assistant Treasurer, Tidal ETF Trust (since 2022). |
| Aaron
J. Perkovich Born: 1973 |
Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | SVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Head of Fund Administration (2023 to 2024), Fund Administration Manager (2022 to 2023), Tidal ETF Services LLC; Assistant Director Investments, Mason Street Advisors, LLC (2021 to 2022); Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2006 to 2021). |
Lissa M. Richter Born: 1979
|
Vice President | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), ETF Regulatory Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2021 to 2024); Senior Paralegal, Rafferty Asset Management, LLC (2013 to 2020); Senior Paralegal, Officer, U.S Bancorp Fund Services LLC, (2005 to 2013). |
Kelly J. Lavari Born: 1967
|
Secretary | Indefinite term; since 2025 | VP of Fund Governance and Compliance (since 2024), Fund Governance Specialist (2023 to 2024), Compliance Manager – Global Credit Finance, State Street Bank & Trust (2016 to 2023). |
Peter Chappy Born: 1975
|
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023 | AVP of Fund Administration (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Product Owner, Allvue Systems (2022 to 2023); Senior Business Consultant, Refinitiv (2015 to 2022); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2008 to 2015). |
Melissa Breitzman Born: 1983
|
Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite term; since 2023
|
VP of Database Management (since 2024), Fund Administration Manager, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2023 to 2024); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2005 to 2023). |
Charles Ragauss Born: 1987
|
Vice President | Indefinite term; since 2022
|
SVP of PM & Trading (since 2024), Portfolio Manager, Tidal Investments LLC (2020 to 2024); Chief Operating Officer (and other capacities) CSat Investment Advisory, L.P. (2016 to 2020). |
| (1) | Mr. Falkeis is considered an “interested person” of the Trust due to his positions as Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Trust, and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser. |
14
Trustee Ownership of Shares. The Fund is required to show the dollar amount ranges of each Trustee’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares and each other series of the Trust as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”).
As of December 31, 2024, the following Trustee beneficially owned shares of certain series of the Trust as follows, and no other Trustee owned shares of any series of the Trust:
Trustee |
Dollar
Range of Shares Owned in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares of Series of the Trust |
| Javier Marquina | None | Over $100,000 |
Board Compensation
The Independent Trustees each receive a quarterly retainer of $25,000 and $5,000 per each meeting attended, as well as reimbursement for travel and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with serving as a Trustee. In addition, the Lead Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer of $35,000 and the Audit Committee Chair receives an annual retainer of $30,000. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan.
The following table shows the compensation earned by each Trustee for the Fund’s current fiscal year ending January 31, 2025. Independent Trustee fees are an obligation of the Trust and are paid by the Adviser, as are other Trust expenses. The Trust pays the Adviser a unitary fee which the Adviser uses to pay Trust expenses. Trustee compensation shown below does not include reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at meetings.
| Name | Aggregate
Compensation From Fund |
Total
Compensation From Fund Complex Paid to Trustees(1) |
| Interested Trustees | ||
| Eric W. Falkeis | $0 | $0 |
| Independent Trustees | ||
| Javier Marquina | $0 | $113,692 |
| Michelle McDonough | $0 | $132,442 |
| David Norris | $0 | $128,692 |
15
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, CONTROL PERSONS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares. A control person is a shareholder that owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. Shareholders owning voting securities in excess of 25% may determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund. As of May 2, 2025, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group did not own more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As of May 2, 2025, to the best of the Trust’s knowledge, the following shareholders were considered to be principal shareholders of the Fund:
| Name and Address | % of Ownership | Type of Ownership |
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
32.09% | Record |
National Financial Services LLC 245 Summer Street Boston, MA 02210 |
27.86% | Record |
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC 200 West Street New York, NY 10282 |
18.04% | Record |
Wells Fargo Clearing Services LLC Special Custody Acct for the Exclusive Benefit of Customer 2801 Market St Saint Louis MO 63103-2523 |
7.74% | Record |
Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company 25 South Charles Street Mail Code: MD2 CS58 Baltimore, Maryland 21201 |
6.09% | Record |
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). Each code of ethics permits personnel subject to that code of ethics to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including limitations related to securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Distributor (as defined below) relies on the principal underwriters exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust or the Adviser, and no officer, director, or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director, or general partner of the Trust or the Adviser.
There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics may be found at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Board has delegated proxy voting responsibilities to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s oversight. In delegating proxy responsibilities, the Board has directed that proxies be voted consistent with the Fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests and in compliance with all applicable proxy voting rules and regulations. The Adviser has adopted proxy voting policies and guidelines for this purpose (“Proxy Voting Policies”), which have been adopted by the Trust as the policies and procedures that will be used when voting proxies on behalf of the Fund.
In the absence of a conflict of interest, the Adviser will generally vote “for” routine proposals, such as the election of directors, approval of auditors, and amendments or revisions to corporate documents to eliminate outdated or unnecessary provisions. Unusual or disputed proposals will be reviewed and voted on a case-by-case basis. The Proxy Voting Policies address, among other things, material conflicts of interest that may arise between the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Adviser. The Proxy Voting Policies will ensure that all issues brought to shareholders are analyzed in light of the Adviser’s fiduciary responsibilities.
16
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the Proxy Voting Policies.
Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling (855) 511-1210, (2) on the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com or (3) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Tidal Investments LLC, a Tidal Financial Group company, located at 234 West Florida St, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, serves as investment adviser to the Fund and has overall responsibility for the general management and administration of the Fund.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Adviser provides investment advice to the Fund and oversees the day-to-day operations of the Fund subject to the direction and oversight of the Board. The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio, including determining the securities purchased and sold by the Fund and trading portfolio securities on behalf of the Fund. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is also responsible for arranging sub-advisory, transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, and other related services necessary for the Fund to operate. The Adviser administers the Fund’s business affairs, provides office facilities and equipment and certain clerical, bookkeeping, and administrative services. Under the Advisory Agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund except for the Excluded Expenses, as defined in the Prospectus. For services provided to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.60% based on the Fund’s average daily net assets.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in force for an initial period of two years. Thereafter, the Advisory Agreement will be renewable from year to year with respect to the Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Adviser or the Trust; and (2) by the majority vote of either the full Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding Shares. The Advisory Agreement automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on a 60-days’ written notice either by the Trust or the Adviser.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding, or sale of any security.
The table below shows management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser for the fiscal period indicated.
| Management Fee | |
| For March 5, 2024 (commencement of operations) to January 31, 2025 | $18,480 |
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The Fund is managed jointly and primarily by Qiao Dunn, CFA and Charles A. Ragauss, CFA, each, a Portfolio Manager for the Adviser.
Other Accounts. In addition to the Fund, the portfolio managers managed the following other accounts as of January 31, 2025.
Qiao Duan, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
| Type of Accounts | Total Number
of |
Total
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Total
Number of to
|
Total
Assets of to (in millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 86 | $13,926 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
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Charles A. Ragauss, CFA, Portfolio Manager for the Adviser
| Type of Accounts | Total Number
of |
Total
Assets of Accounts (in millions) |
Total
Number of to
|
Total
Assets of to (in millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 92 | $16,498 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
Portfolio Manager Fund Ownership. The Fund is required to show the dollar range of each portfolio manager’s “beneficial ownership” of Shares as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund had not yet commenced operations and no Shares were owned by the portfolio managers.
Portfolio Manager Compensation. Each of Ms. Duan and Mr. Ragauss is compensated by the Adviser with a base salary and discretionary bonus based on the financial performance and profitability of the Adviser and not based on the performance of the Fund. Ms. Duan and Mr. Ragauss are each equity owners of the Adviser, and therefore may benefit indirectly from the revenue generated by the Fund’s Advisory Agreement with the Adviser.
Description of Material Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers’ management of “other accounts” may give rise to potential conflicts of interest in connection with their management of the Fund’s investments, on the one hand, and the investments of the other accounts, on the other. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Fund. A potential conflict of interest may arise as a result, whereby a portfolio manager could favor one account over another. Another potential conflict could include a portfolio manager’s knowledge about the size, timing, and possible market impact of trades by the Fund, whereby a portfolio manager could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Fund. For instance, the portfolio managers may receive fees from certain accounts that are higher than the fees received from the Fund, or receive a performance-based fee on certain accounts. In those instances, a portfolio manager has an incentive to favor the higher and/or performance-based fee accounts over the Fund. To mitigate these conflicts, the Adviser has established policies and procedures to ensure that the purchase and sale of securities among all accounts the firm manages are fairly and equitably allocated.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Trust and Foreside Fund Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group (dba ACA Group), (the “Distributor”) are parties to a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Fund and distributes Shares on a best efforts basis. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.
Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Trust, will review orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust until accepted by the Trust. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA.
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or DTC participants (as defined below).
The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable annually thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (1) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person (or in another manner permitted by the 1940 Act or pursuant to exemptive relief therefrom) at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting Shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that, in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
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The Fund has not incurred any underwriting commissions and the Distributor has not retained any amounts.
Intermediary Compensation. The Adviser or its affiliates, out of their own resources and not out of Fund assets (i.e., without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders), may pay certain broker dealers, banks, and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing and educational training or support. These arrangements are not financed by the Fund and, thus, do not result in increased Fund expenses. They are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Fund’s Prospectus and they do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of Shares or the amount received by a shareholder as proceeds from the redemption of Shares.
Such compensation may be paid to Intermediaries that provide services to the Fund, including marketing and education support (such as through conferences, webinars, and printed communications). The Adviser will periodically assess the advisability of continuing to make these payments. Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your adviser, broker, or other investment professional, if any, may also be significant to such adviser, broker, or investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about what investment options it will make available or recommend, and what services to provide in connection with various products, based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients. For example, these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Fund over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to your financial adviser, broker, or investment professional if they receive similar payments from their Intermediary firm.
Intermediary information is current only as of the date of this SAI. Please contact your adviser, broker, or other investment professional for more information regarding any payments their Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the Adviser or its affiliates, to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy Shares.
If you have any additional questions, please call (855) 511-1210.
Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution (Rule 12b-1) Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. No payments pursuant to the Plan are expected to be made during the twelve (12) month period from the date of this SAI. Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Fund under the Plan may only be imposed after approval by the Board.
Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Disinterested Trustees”). The Plan may be continued from year-to-year only if the Board, including a majority of the Disinterested Trustees, concludes at least annually that continuation of the Plan is likely to benefit shareholders. The Board has determined that the Plan is likely to benefit the Fund by providing an incentive for brokers, dealers, and other financial intermediaries to engage in sales and marketing efforts on behalf of the Fund and to provide enhanced services to shareholders. The Board also determined that the Plan may enhance the Fund’s ability to sell shares and access important distribution channels.
The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding Shares. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Disinterested Trustees.
The Plan provides that the Fund pays the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers, and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with FINRA rules concerning sales charges.
Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, the Fund is authorized to compensate the Distributor up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing, or arranging for others to provide, shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (1) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (2) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (3) paying the costs of and compensating others, including Authorized Participants with whom the Distributor has entered into written Authorized Participant Agreements, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (4) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (5) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets, and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; (6) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing, or paying others to provide, services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to Shareholder accounts; and (7) such other services and obligations as are set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
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ADMINISTRATOR
Tidal ETF Services LLC (the “Administrator”), a Tidal Financial Group company and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the Fund’s administrator. The Administrator is located at 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Pursuant to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between the Trust and the Administrator, the Administrator provides the Trust with, or arranges for, administrative, compliance, and management services (other than investment advisory services) to be provided to the Trust and the Board. Pursuant to the Fund Administration Servicing Agreement, officers or employees of the Administrator serve as the Trust’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and chief compliance officer, the Administrator coordinates the payment of Fund-related expenses, and the Administrator manages the Trust’s relationships with its various service providers. As compensation for the services it provides, the Administrator receives a fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. The Administrator also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above.
The table below shows fees paid for administration services by the Adviser to the Administrator with respect to the Fund for the fiscal period indicated.
Fees Paid to the Administrator | |
| For March 5, 2024 (commencement of operations) to January 31, 2025 | $31,749 |
SUB-ADMINISTRATOR AND TRANSFER AGENT
Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Fund’s sub-administrator and transfer agent.
Pursuant to a Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement and a Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and Global Fund Services, Global Fund Services provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than investment advisory services) and accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services and furnishing financial reports. In this capacity, Global Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Shares. As compensation for the administration, accounting and management services, the Adviser pays Global Fund Services a fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. Global Fund Services also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above, including pricing expenses.
The table below shows fees paid for sub-administration services by the Adviser to Global Fund Services with respect to the Fund for the fiscal period indicated.
Fees Paid to the Sub-Administrator | |
| For March 5, 2024 (commencement of operations) to January 31, 2025 | $31,749 |
CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custody Agreement, U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank”), 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian (the “Custodian”) of the Fund’s assets. The Custodian holds and administers the assets in the Fund’s portfolio. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian receives an annual fee from the Adviser based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, and certain settlement charges. The Custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses.
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LEGAL COUNSEL
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor New York, NY 10020, serves as legal counsel for the Trust and the Independent Trustees.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 1835 Market Street, Suite 310, Philadelphia, PA 19103, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Fund’s security holdings. The Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business and through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, the composition of the Deposit Securities is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”).
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (“Declaration of Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and shares. Each share represents an equal proportionate interest in the Fund with each other share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the Fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may create additional series or classes of shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing Shares will not be issued. Shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
Each Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds in the Trust vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. The Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more Trustees and other certain matters upon the written request of shareholders holding at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust entitled to vote at such meeting. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate the Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if the Fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is, or has been, a Trustee or officer of the Trust, and upon the due approval of the Trustees, each person who is, or has been an employee or agent of the Trust, and, upon due approval of the Trustees, any person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, agent, or fiduciary of another organization with respect to any alleged acts or omissions while acting within the scope of a Trustee’s service in such a position. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for a Trustee’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
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The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/ dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. “Best execution” is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting, and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/ dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) when appropriate.
Subject to the foregoing policies, brokers or dealers selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions may include the Fund’s Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or their affiliates. An Authorized Participant or its affiliates may be selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions in conjunction with an all-cash Creation Unit order or an order including “cash-in-lieu” (as described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units”), so long as such selection is in keeping with the foregoing policies. As described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units — Creation Transaction Fee” and ” — Redemption Transaction Fee”, the Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, even if the decision to not charge a variable fee could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.
The Adviser may use the Fund’s assets for, or participate in, third-party soft dollar arrangements, in addition to receiving proprietary research from various full-service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Adviser does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act permits the Adviser under certain circumstances, to cause the Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Adviser may receive a variety of research services and information on many topics, which it can use in connection with its management responsibilities with respect to the various accounts over which it exercises investment discretion or otherwise provides investment advice. The research services may include qualifying order management systems, portfolio attribution and monitoring services, and computer software and access charges which are directly related to investment research.
Accordingly, the Fund may pay a broker commission higher than the lowest available in recognition of the broker’s provision of such services to the Adviser but only if the Adviser determines the total commission (including the soft dollar benefit) is comparable to the best commission rate that could be expected to be received from other brokers. The amount of soft dollar benefits received depends on the amount of brokerage transactions effected with the brokers. A conflict of interest exists because there is an incentive to (1) cause clients to pay a higher commission than the firm might otherwise be able to negotiate, (2) cause clients to engage in more securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal, and (3) only recommend brokers that provide soft dollar benefits.
The Adviser faces a potential conflict of interest when it uses client trades to obtain brokerage or research services. This conflict exists because the Adviser can use the brokerage or research services to manage client accounts without paying cash for such services, which reduces the Adviser’s expenses to the extent that the Adviser would have purchased such products had they not been provided by brokers. Section 28(e) permits the Adviser to use brokerage or research services for the benefit of any account it manages. Certain accounts managed by the Adviser may generate soft dollars used to purchase brokerage or research services that ultimately benefit other accounts managed by the Adviser effectively cross subsidizing the other accounts managed by the Adviser that benefit directly from the product. The Adviser may not necessarily use all of the brokerage or research services in connection with managing the Fund whose trades generated the soft dollars used to purchase such products.
The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.
The Fund may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.
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The table below shows aggregate brokerage commissions paid with respect to the Fund for the fiscal years indicated.
Brokerage Commissions | |
| For March 5, 2024 (commencement of operations) to January 31, 2025 | $2,308 |
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund or the Adviser for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, the Fund did not pay brokerage commissions to any registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund , the Adviser, or a Sub-Adviser.
Directed Brokerage
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, the Fund has not paid any commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers pursuant to an agreement or understanding whereby the broker provides research or other brokerage services to the Adviser.
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” The Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Fund are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (1) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund’s portfolio transactions; (2) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Fund; or (3) sold the largest dollar amounts of Shares.
For the fiscal period ended January 31, 2025, the Fund did not acquire any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” or their parent companies.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
A portfolio turnover rate is, in summary, the percentage computed by dividing the lesser of the Fund’s purchases or sales of securities (excluding short-term securities and securities transferred in-kind) by the average market value of the Fund. A rate of 100% indicates that the equivalent of all of the Fund’s assets have been sold and reinvested in a year. High portfolio turnover may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions, and, as a result, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. Higher portfolio turnover also results in higher transaction costs. To the extent that net short-term capital gains are realized by the Fund, any distributions resulting from such gains are considered ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.
The table below shows the portfolio turnover rate with respect to the Fund for the fiscal period indicated.
| Portfolio Turnover | |
| For March 5, 2024 (commencement of operations) to January 31, 2025 | 126%* |
* The Fund’s high portfolio turnover rate is primarily attributable to its strategy of tracking the iREIT® Equity REIT-100 universe. During the reporting period, the Index’s quarterly rebalancing events each generated approximately 40% to 50% portfolio turnover.
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BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to in this SAI as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number, and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement, or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interest in Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall act either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
The Trust issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Transfer Agent, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees, if applicable), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of Shares is calculated each Business Day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for regular trading.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.
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Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).
The Fund, through NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of Shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.
The identity and number of Shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for the Fund Deposit for the Fund may change from time to time.
Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Transfer Agent to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party” (i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”)), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.
All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, which time may be modified by the Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”
An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units must be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.
On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of the Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.
Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a sub-custody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian of the Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local sub-custodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner to be received by the Custodian no later than the contractual settlement date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the contractual settlement date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.
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The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund, with the Custodian on the contractual settlement date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund on the contractual settlement date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.
Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the Custodian (or sub-custodian, as applicable), the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The typical settlement date for each transaction will be within one day of the transaction (commonly referred to as “T+1”), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the delivery of Shares may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.
Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Fund (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the contractual settlement date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Transfer Agent plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under “Creation Transaction Fee,” may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the contractual settlement date.
Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Trust reserves the right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent with respect to the Fund including if (1) the order is not in proper form; (2) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Authorized Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (3) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares; (4) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (5) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (6) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.
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Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process; and other extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.
All questions as to the number of Shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Notwithstanding the Trust’s ability to reject an order for creation units, the Trust will only do so in a manner consistent with Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act, and SEC guidance relating thereto, including the ability of the Trust to suspend orders only in limited times and extraordinary circumstances. Additionally, a suspension of creation units by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, will not impair the arbitrage mechanism for investors.
Creation Transaction Fee. A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (“Creation Order Costs”). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for the Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction, can be found in the table below. The Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Name of Fund | Fixed Creation Transaction Fee |
Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF | $300 | 2% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities (defined below) from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Risks of Purchasing Creation Units. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE FUND WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
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With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and Share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.
Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities—as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. If the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.
The typical settlement date for each redemption transaction will be within one day of the transaction (or T+1), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the receipt of redemption proceeds may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units (“Redemption Order Costs”). The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Fund, regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction, can be found in the table below. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to the maximum percentage listed in the table below of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with selling portfolio securities to satisfy a cash redemption. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.
| Name of Fund | Fixed Redemption Transaction Fee |
Maximum Variable Transaction Fee |
| iREIT® - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF | $300 | 2% |
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Trust’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the Shares to the Trust’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
Additional Redemption Procedures. In connection with taking delivery of Shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such Shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank, or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account the Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds will generally be made by next Business Day following the trade date, as discussed above.
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The Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to cause the Fund to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.
Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of the Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”) as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Shares or determination of the NAV of the Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
NAV per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of the Fund is calculated by Global Fund Services and determined at the scheduled close of the regular trading session on the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that the NYSE is open, provided that fixed-income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed-income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.
In calculating the Fund’s NAV per Share, the Fund’s investments are generally valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (1) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (2) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (3) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share. The Fund may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Adviser from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.
When market valuations are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable, consistent with Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Trust and the Adviser have adopted procedures and methodologies wherein the Adviser, serving as the Fund’s Valuation Designee (as defined in Rule 2a-5), determines the fair value of Fund investments.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes.”
General Policies. The Fund intends to pay out dividends and interest income, if any, monthly and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. Distributions of net realized capital gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code, in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
The Fund will declare and pay income and capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust.
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The Fund makes additional distributions to the extent necessary (1) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (2) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Trust reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the Fund’s eligibility for treatment as a RIC or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income at the Fund level.
Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Trust of the Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that supplements the discussion in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
The tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) made significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for taxation of individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Many of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and would apply only to taxable years before January 1, 2026. There were only minor changes with respect to the specific rules applicable to RICs, such as the Fund. The Tax Act, however, also made numerous other changes to the tax rules that may affect shareholders and the Fund. Subsequent legislation has modified certain changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules made by the Tax Act which may, in addition, affect shareholders and the Fund. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding how this legislation affects your investment in the Fund.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local, or foreign taxes.
Taxation of the Fund. The Fund will elect and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under the Code. As such, the Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, to be taxed as a RIC, the Fund must distribute in each taxable year at least 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (before the deduction for dividends paid) for the taxable year, which includes, among other items, dividends, interest, net short-term capital gain, and net foreign currency gain, less expenses, as well as 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (1) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or foreign currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”); and (2) at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, the Fund’s assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”).
To the extent the Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, including certain derivatives, the Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund’s non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.
Although the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, the Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. The Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. The requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
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If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by noncorporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, subject to special rules in the event the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”), and certain other late-year losses.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code.
As of the year ended January 31, 2025, the Fund did not have long-term capital loss carryovers and had $150,735 of short-term capital loss carryovers, which do not expire.
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for either the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, or, if the Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, the Fund’s fiscal year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year’s distribution. The Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated.
The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain to shareholders for each taxable year. If the Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may elect to designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain as deemed distributions in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions. The Fund intends to distribute monthly to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), its net tax-exempt income, if any, and any net capital gain (net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses, taking into account any capital loss carryforwards). The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholder receives these distributions in cash or reinvests them in additional Shares.
The Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at long-term capital gain rates.
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Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.
Qualified dividend income includes, in general, subject to certain holding period and other requirements, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain “qualified foreign corporations.” Subject to certain limitations, “qualified foreign corporations” include those incorporated in territories of the United States, those incorporated in certain countries with comprehensive tax treaties with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends received by the Fund from an ETF or an underlying fund taxable as a RIC or a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such ETF, underlying fund or REIT. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.
Fund dividends will not be treated as qualified dividend income if the Fund does not meet certain holding period and other requirements with respect to dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, or the shareholder does not meet certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the Shares on which the dividends were paid. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
In the case of corporate shareholders, certain dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the Fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately so reported by the Fund may be eligible for the 50% dividends-received deduction. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to the Fund from other RICs are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction. To qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their Shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their Shares, and, if they borrow to acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to Shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends-received deduction with respect to those Shares.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts and estates may be subject to a Net Investment Income (“NII”) tax of 3.8%. The NII tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) a taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income; or (ii) the amount by which such taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). The Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of Fund shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this NII tax.
Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund’s ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder’s period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable to the shareholder even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder’s investment.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.
If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in the Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s Shares.
Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares. A sale or redemption of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short-term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain with respect to such Shares (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares may be disallowed if substantially identical Shares are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
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The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently be deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for a person who does not mark-to-market its portfolio) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares composing the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less may be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or a group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares, the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.
Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss may be deductible.
Taxation of Fund Investments. Certain of the Fund’s investments may be subject to complex provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to hedging transactions, straddles, integrated transactions, foreign currency contracts, forward foreign currency contracts, and notional principal contracts) that, among other things, may affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (e.g., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without the Fund receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts sufficient to enable the Fund to satisfy the RIC distribution requirements for avoiding Fund-level income and excise taxes. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make appropriate tax elections, and intends to make appropriate entries in its books and records to mitigate the effect of these rules and preserve the Fund’s qualification for treatment as a RIC. To the extent the Fund invests in an underlying fund that is taxable as a RIC, the rules applicable to the tax treatment of complex securities will also apply to the underlying funds that also invest in such complex securities and investments. In addition, because the tax rules applicable to such instruments may be uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future IRS guidance with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid a Fund-level tax.
Backup Withholding. The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that it is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that it is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is at a rate set under Section 3406 of the Code. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the United States.
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Foreign Shareholders. Any non-U.S. investors in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year (based on a formula that factors in presence in the U.S. during the two preceding years as well). Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), the Fund may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on distributions of net investment income paid to (a) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the IRS the identity of certain of its account holders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the foreign financial institution’s country of residence), and (b) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Fund that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect the Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in the Fund and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation, except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt entities are generally not permitted to offset losses from one unrelated trade or business against the income or gain of another unrelated trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax-exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Fund if, for example, (1) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (2) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (3) Shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.
Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of the Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Issues. In those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal tax treatment.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s audited financial statements, accompanying notes and report of the independent registered public accounting firm appearing in the Fund’s Annual Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal period ended January 31, 2025, are incorporated herein by reference. You may request a copy of the Fund’s annual report at no charge by calling (855) 511-1210 or through the Fund’s website at www.IRETETF.com.
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TIDAL TRUST II
PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits
| Exhibit
No. |
Description of Exhibit | ||
| (a) | (i) | Certificate of Trust of Tidal Trust II (formerly, Tidal ETF Trust II) (the “Trust” or the “Registrant”), previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A on April 26, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (ii) | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 on Form N-1A on November 14, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iii) | Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (iv) | Organizational Documents for Return Stacked® Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 on Form N-1A on October 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Undertaking, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (v) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSST Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 on Form N-1A on October 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (vi) | Organizational Documents for Blueprint-Chesapeake Cayman Subsidiary (for the Blueprint-Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and Chesapeake Capital Corporation (for the Blueprint-Chesapeake Cayman Subsidiary), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 on Form N-1A on August 29, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (vii) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSSY Cayman Subsidiary (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Futures Yield ETF). | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
C-1
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (viii) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSBY Cayman Subsidiary (for Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ix) | Organizational Documents for Cambria-Chesapeake Cayman Subsidiary (for Cambria Chesapeake Pure Trend ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 on Form N-1A on May 22, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (x) | Organizational Documents for Quantify Chaos Cayman Subsidiary (for STKD Bitcoin & Gold ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Sub-Advisory Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) | Certificate of Incorporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) | Tax Underwriting, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) | Private Investment Company Custodian Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 on Form N-1A on September 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (xi) | Organizational Documents for Newfound RSSX Cayman Subsidiary (for Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Gold/Bitcoin ETF) | ||
| (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) | Subsidiary Futures Trading Advisory Agreement – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) | Memorandum and Articles of Association – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (15) Sixteenth Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (adding Even Herd Long Short ETF, Peerless Option Wheel ETF, Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF, Return Stacked® U.S. Equity & Futures Yield ETF and YieldMaxTM Bitcoin Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 194 on Form N-1A on March 26, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (26) Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance 2X Daily Long Pure Quantum ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (27) Twenty-Eighth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance MAGA Seven ETF,) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
|
(28) Twenty-Ninth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding YieldMax™ Target 25™ Bitcoin Option Income ETF) – to be filed by amendment. (29) Thirtieth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OKLO ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (30) Thirty-First Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RGTI ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Short QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (31) Thirty-Second Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance MSTR Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (32) Thirty-Third Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Nasdaq 100 Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (33) Thirty-Fourth Amendment to the Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement (adding Defiance Vol Carry Hedged ETF, Defiance Enhanced Short Vol ETF and Defiance Enhanced Long Vol ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (iii) | Semi-Transparent ETF Fund Sub-Administration Servicing Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iv) | Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (1) First Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding YieldMax AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax TLT Option Income Strategy ETF, and Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (2) Third Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 318 on Form N-1A on February 24, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (3) Fourth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (4) Fifth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (5) Sixth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (6) Seventh Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (7) Eighth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 83 on Form N-1A on May 2, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (8) Ninth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (9) Tenth Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF, Grizzle Growth ETF, YieldMax MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax XOM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (10) Eleventh Amendment to the Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement (adding Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF, Defiance Nasdaq 100 Target 30 Income ETF, Defiance S&P 500 Target 30 Income ETF and Defiance R2000 Target 30 Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 on Form N-1A on August 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (24) Twenty-Fifth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RIOT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short SMCI ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Short LLY ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 336 on Form N-1A on March 31, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (25) Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long DJT ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long RDDT ETF, Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Gold/Bitcoin ETF, Defiance Trillion Dollar Club Index ETF, Defiance Nasdaq 100 LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance S&P 500 LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance Russell 2000 LightningSpread™ Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ AI Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ AMD Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ AMZN Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ COIN Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ MARA Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ MSTR Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ NVDA Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ PLTR Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ SMCI Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ TSLA Option Income ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short CVNA ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short IONQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short PLTR ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RKLB ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ANET ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ARM ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PM ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long UBER ETF, Hilton BDC Corporate Bond ETF and Nicholas Crypto Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (26) Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance 2X Daily Long Pure Quantum ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
| (27) Twenty-Eighth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance MAGA Seven ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
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(28) Twenty-Ninth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding YieldMax™ Target 25™ Bitcoin Option Income ETF) – to be filed by amendment (29) Thirtieth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OKLO ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
| (30) Thirty-First Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RGTI ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Short QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
| (31) Thirty-Second Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance MSTR Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
| (32) Thirty-Third Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Nasdaq 100 Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment | ||
| (33) Thirty-Fourth Amendment to the Transfer Agent Agreement (adding Defiance Vol Carry Hedged ETF, Defiance Enhanced Short Vol ETF and Defiance Enhanced Long Vol ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | ||
| (vii) | Semi-Transparent ETF Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Powers of Attorney, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (x) | Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Managed Futures ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 on Form N-1A on October 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) First Amendment to the Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investment LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Futures Yield ETF and Return Stacked® U.S. Equity & Futures Yield ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 204 on Form N-1A on April 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | ||
| (ii) Second Amendment to the Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investments LLC and ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) (for the Return Stacked® U.S. Stocks & Gold/Bitcoin ETF) – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 342 on Form N-1A on April 25, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference | ||
| (xi) | Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Toroso Investments, LLC and Chesapeake Capital Corporation (for the Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 103 on Form N-1A on June 30, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xii) | Futures Trading Advisory Agreement between Tidal Investments LLC and Chesapeake Capital Corporation (for the Cambria Chesapeake Pure Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 on Form N-1A on May 21, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiii) | Form of ETF Support Agreement by and among Toroso Investments, LLC, Tidal ETF Services, LLC, and one or more fund sponsor(s), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xxxi) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the Quantify Absolute Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 on Form N-1A on April 29, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxii) | Fee Waiver Agreement between the Trust (on behalf of the YieldMaxTM Ultra Short Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 311 on Form N-1A on February 13, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (i) | (i) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Carbon Collective Climate Solutions U.S. Equity ETF), previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (ii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax AAPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax AMZN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax BRK.B Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax COIN Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax META Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax GOOG Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax NFLX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax NVDA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax XYZ Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax TSLA Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax ARKK Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax KWEB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax GDX Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax XBI Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax TLT Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 on Form N-1A on November 21, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (iv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Senior Secured Credit Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 15 on Form N-1A on October 13, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (v) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Nicholas Fixed Income Alternative ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 on Form N-1A on November 22, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Pinnacle Focused Opportunities ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Tactical Advantage ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Return Stacked® Bonds & Managed Futures ETF and Return Stacked® Global Stocks & Bonds ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the DGA Absolute Return ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 79 on April 14, 2023. | |
| (x) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Veridien Climate Action ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 on Form N-1A on May 12, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Blueprint Chesapeake Multi-Asset Trend ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Cboe Validus S&P 500 Dynamic PutWrite Index ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 on Form N-1A on July 25, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Grizzle Growth ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 on Form N-1A on August 7, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for Psychedelics Companies), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 283 on Form N-1A on November 25, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax ABNB Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax AMD Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax MRNA Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax PYPL Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax DIS Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax JPM Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax MSFT Option Income Strategy ETF, and YieldMax XOM Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 on Form N-1A on August 14, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (xxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Hilton Small-MidCap Opportunity ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Quantify Absolute Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 on Form N-1A on April 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax Universe Fund of Option Income ETFs and YieldMax Magnificent 7 Fund of Option Income ETFs), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 153 on Form N-1A on January 8, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Treasury Alternative Yield ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 155 on Form N-1A on January 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the iREIT - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 181 on Form N-1A on February 29, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Developed Markets Enhanced Options Income ETF and Defiance Emerging Markets Enhanced Options Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 on Form N-1A on February 1, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxvii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax™ Ultra Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 171 on Form N-1A on February 16, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax™ MSTR Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 on Form N-1A on February 20, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Carbon Collective Short Duration Green Bond ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 on Form N-1A on April 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxx) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Nasdaq 100 Target Income ETF, Defiance S&P 500 Target Income ETF and Defiance R2000 Target Income ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 177 on Form N-1A on February 28, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax™ TSLA Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax™ Innovation Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax™ NVDA Short Option Income Strategy ETF, YieldMax™ COIN Short Option Income Strategy ETF and YieldMax™ AAPL Short Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 on Form N-1A on March 4, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax™ N100 Short Option Income Strategy ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 183 on Form N-1A on March 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Even Herd Long Short ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 194 on Form N-1A on March 26, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Peerless Option Wheel ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 211 on Form N-1A on May 10, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (lxvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Nasdaq 100 LightningSpread™ Income ETF, Defiance S&P 500 LightningSpread™ Income ETF, and Defiance Russell 2000 LightningSpread™ Income ETF) – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 351 on Form N-1A on May 23, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (lxvii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance MAGA Seven ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the YieldMax™ Target 25™ AI Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ AMD Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ AMZN Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ COIN Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ MARA Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ MSTR Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ NVDA Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ PLTR Option Income ETF, YieldMax™ Target 25™ SMCI Option Income ETF and YieldMax™ Target 25™ TSLA Option Income ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxix) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Daily Target 2X Short CVNA ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short IONQ ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Short PLTR ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RKLB ETF), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 348 on Form N-1A on May 13, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (lxx) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ANET ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long ARM ETF, Defiance Daily Target 2X Long PM ETF, and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long UBER ETF) – previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 349 on Form N-1A on May 16, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (lxxi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Hilton BDC Corporate Bond ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for YieldMax™ Target 25™ Bitcoin Option Income ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxiii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Nicholas Crypto Income ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxiv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Daily Target 2X Long OKLO ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Long QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxv) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Daily Target 2X Short RGTI ETF and Defiance Daily Target 2X Short QBTS ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxvi) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance MSTR Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxvii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Nasdaq 100 Double Short Hedged ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxviii) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel (for the Defiance Vol Carry Hedged ETF, Defiance Enhanced Short Vol ETF and Defiance Enhanced Long Vol ETF) – to be filed by amendment. | |
| (lxxix) | Consent of Counsel (for the iREIT - MarketVector Quality REIT Index ETF) - filed herewith. | |
| (j) | Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm – filed herewith. | |
| (k) | Not applicable. | |
| (l) | (i) | Subscription Agreement, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. |
| (ii) | Letter of Representations between the Trust and Depository Trust Company - to be filed by amendment. | |
| (m) | Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 on Form N-1A on February 24, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (n) | Not applicable. | |
| (o) | Reserved. | |
| (p) | (i) | Code of Ethics for Tidal Trust II, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 277 on Form N-1A on November 8, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (ii) | Code of Ethics for Tidal Investments LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 277 on Form N-1A on November 8, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
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| (iii) | Code of Ethics Carbon Collective Investing, LLC, previously filed with the Trusts registration statement on Form N-1A/A on July 12, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference. | |
| (iv) | Code of Ethics for Distributor not applicable per Rule 17j-1(c)(3). |
| (v) | Code of Ethics for Nicholas Wealth, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 311 on Form N-1A on February 13, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vi) | Code of Ethics for Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 on Form N-1A on December 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (vii) | Code of Ethics for Veridien Global Investors LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 on Form N-1A on April 11, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (viii) | Code of Ethics for Family Dynasty Advisors LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 on Form N-1A on April 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (ix) | Code of Ethics for Newfound Research LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (x) | Code of Ethics for ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman), previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 on Form N-1A on February 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xi) | Code of Ethics for Roundhill Financial Inc., previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 on Form N-1A on August 27, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xii) | Code of Ethics for Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC d/b/a Days Global Advisors, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 on Form N-1A on August 19, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiii) | Code of Ethics for Chesapeake Capital Corporation, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xiv) | Code of Ethics for Blueprint Fund Management, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 on Form N-1A on June 27, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xv) | Code of Ethics for Grizzle Investment Management LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 on Form N-1A on August 7, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xvi) | Code of Ethics for Cambria Investment Management, L.P., previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 on Form N-1A on September 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xvii) | Code of Ethics for Hilton Capital Management, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 on Form N-1A on November 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xviii) | Code of Ethics for MSA Power Funds LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 on Form N-1A on September 20, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xix) | Code of Ethics for Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 on Form N-1A on April 5, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xx) | Code of Ethics for Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 196 on Form N-1A on April 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxi) | Code of Ethics for Even Herd, LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 194 on Form N-1A on March 26, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxii) | Code of Ethics for Peerless Wealth LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 211 on Form N-1A on May 10, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. | |
| (xxiii) | Code of Ethics for Clockwise Capital LLC, previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 on Form N-1A on June 11, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
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Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to Article VII of the Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust. The general effect of this provision is to indemnify the Trustees, officers, employees and other agents of the Trust who are parties pursuant to any proceeding by reason of their actions performed in their scope of service on behalf of the Trust.
Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking: Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
This Item incorporates by reference each investment advisers Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the SEC, as listed below. Each Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SECs website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. Additional information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by each officer and director of the below-listed investment advisers is included in the Trusts Statement of Additional Information.
| Investment Adviser | SEC File No. | |
| Tidal Investments LLC (f/k/a Toroso Investments, LLC) | 801-76857 | |
| Carbon Collective Investing, LLC | 801-119296 | |
| Platos Philosophy LLC | 801-126714 | |
| Nicholas Wealth, LLC | 801-122063 | |
| Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC | 801-78013 | |
| Newfound Research LLC | 801-73042 | |
| Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC | 801-127176 | |
| Family Dynasty Advisors LLC | 801-127497 | |
| Roundhill Financial Inc. | 801-114971 | |
| Veridien Global Investors, LLC | 801-127602 | |
| Chesapeake Capital Corporation | 801-106985 | |
| Blueprint Fund Management, LLC | 801-117790 | |
| Grizzle Investment Management LLC | 801-122682 | |
| Cambria Investment Management, L.P. | 801-71786 | |
| MSA Power Funds LLC | 801-128292 | |
| Hilton Capital Management, LLC | 801-60776 | |
| Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC (dba Quantify Funds) | 801-129075 | |
| Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP | 801-129697 | |
| Even Herd, LLC | 801-129721 | |
| Peerless Wealth LLC | 801-129909 | |
| Clockwise Capital LLC | 801-123024 |
Item 32.
| (i)(a) | Foreside Fund Services, LLC (“Foreside”) serves as principal underwriter for certain series of the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
| 1. | AB Active ETFs, Inc. |
| 2. | ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund |
| 3. | ActivePassive Core Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 4. | ActivePassive Intermediate Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 5. | ActivePassive International Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
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| 6. | ActivePassive U.S. Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 7. | AdvisorShares Trust |
| 8. | AFA Private Credit Fund |
| 9. | AGF Investments Trust |
| 10. | AIM ETF Products Trust |
| 11. | Alexis Practical Tactical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 12. | AlphaCentric Prime Meridian Income Fund |
| 13. | American Century ETF Trust |
| 14. | Amplify ETF Trust |
| 15. | Applied Finance Dividend Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 16. | Applied Finance Explorer Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 17. | Applied Finance Select Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 18. | ARK ETF Trust |
| 19. | ARK Venture Fund |
| 20. | Bitwise Funds Trust |
| 21. | BondBloxx ETF Trust |
| 22. | Bramshill Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 23. | Bridgeway Funds, Inc. |
| 24. | Brinker Capital Destinations Trust |
| 25. | Brookfield Real Assets Income Fund Inc. |
| 26. | Build Funds Trust |
| 27. | Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund |
| 28. | Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund |
| 29. | Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund |
| 30. | Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund |
| 31. | Calamos Global Total Return Fund |
| 32. | Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund |
| 33. | Carlyle Tactical Private Credit Fund |
| 34. | Cascade Private Capital Fund |
| 35. | Catalyst Strategic Income Opportunities Fund |
| 36. | CBRE Global Real Estate Income Fund |
| 37. | Center Coast Brookfield MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund |
| 38. | Clifford Capital Partners Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 39. | Cliffwater Corporate Lending Fund |
| 40. | Cliffwater Enhanced Lending Fund |
| 41. | Cohen & Steers ETF Trust |
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| 42. | Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc. |
| 43. | Convergence Long/Short Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 44. | CornerCap Small-Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series |
| 45. | CrossingBridge Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 46. | Curasset Capital Management Core Bond Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 47. | Curasset Capital Management Limited Term Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 48. | CYBER HORNET S&P 500® and Bitcoin 75/25 Strategy ETF, Series of ONEFUND Trust |
| 49. | Davis Fundamental ETF Trust |
| 50. | Defiance Connective Technologies ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 51. | Defiance Hotel, Airline, and Cruise ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 52. | Defiance Next Gen H2 ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 53. | Defiance Quantum ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 54. | Denali Structured Return Strategy Fund |
| 55. | Dividend Performers ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 56. | Dodge & Cox Funds |
| 57. | DoubleLine ETF Trust |
| 58. | DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund |
| 59. | DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund |
| 60. | DoubleLine Yield Opportunities Fund |
| 61. | DriveWealth ETF Trust |
| 62. | EIP Investment Trust |
| 63. | Ellington Income Opportunities Fund |
| 64. | ETF Opportunities Trust |
| 65. | Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund |
| 66. | Exchange Listed Funds Trust |
| 67. | Exchange Place Advisors Trust |
| 68. | FlexShares Trust |
| 69. | Forum Funds |
| 70. | Forum Funds II |
| 71. | Forum Real Estate Income Fund |
| 72. | Gramercy Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 73. | Grayscale Funds Trust |
| 74. | Grayscale Future of Finance ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 75. | Guinness Atkinson Funds |
| 76. | Harbor ETF Trust |
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| 77. | Harris Oakmark ETF Trust |
| 78. | Hawaiian Tax-Free Trust |
| 79. | Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 80. | Horizon Kinetics Energy and Remediation ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 81. | Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 82. | Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 83. | Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 84. | IDX Funds |
| 85. | Innovator ETFs Trust |
| 86. | Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
| 87. | Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC |
| 88. | Jensen Quality Growth ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 89. | John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust |
| 90. | Kurv ETF Trust |
| 91. | LDR Real Estate Value-Opportunity Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 92. | Mairs & Power Balanced Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 93. | Mairs & Power Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 94. | Mairs & Power Minnesota Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 95. | Mairs & Power Small Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 96. | Manor Investment Funds |
| 97. | Milliman Variable Insurance Trust |
| 98. | Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV |
| 99. | Morgan Stanley ETF Trust |
| 100. | Morgan Stanley Pathway Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds |
| 101. | Morgan Stanley Pathway Small-Mid Cap Equity ETF, Series of Morgan Stanley Pathway Funds |
| 102. | Morningstar Funds Trust |
| 103. | Mutual of America Investment Corporation |
| 104. | NEOS ETF Trust |
| 105. | Niagara Income Opportunities Fund |
| 106. | NXG Cushing® Midstream Energy Fund |
| 107. | NXG NextGen Infrastructure Income Fund |
| 108. | Opal Dividend Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 109. | OTG Latin American Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 110. | Overlay Shares Core Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 111. | Overlay Shares Foreign Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
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| 112. | Overlay Shares Hedged Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 113. | Overlay Shares Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 114. | Overlay Shares Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 115. | Overlay Shares Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 116. | Overlay Shares Small Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 117. | Palmer Square Funds Trust |
| 118. | Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund |
| 119. | Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC |
| 120. | Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 121. | Performance Trust Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers |
| 122. | Perkins Discovery Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 123. | Philotimo Focused Growth and Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 124. | Plan Investment Fund, Inc. |
| 125. | Point Bridge America First ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions |
| 126. | Precidian ETFs Trust |
| 127. | Preferred-Plus ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 128. | Rareview 2x Bull Cryptocurrency & Precious Metals ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 129. | Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 130. | Rareview Systematic Equity ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 131. | Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 132. | Rareview Total Return Bond ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 133. | Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds |
| 134. | Reynolds Funds, Inc. |
| 135. | RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 136. | RiverNorth Patriot ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 137. | RMB Investors Trust |
| 138. | Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 139. | Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 140. | Roundhill Ball Metaverse ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 141. | Roundhill Cannabis ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 142. | Roundhill ETF Trust |
| 143. | Roundhill Magnificent Seven ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 144. | Roundhill Sports Betting & iGaming ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 145. | Roundhill Video Games ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 146. | Rule One Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
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| 147. | Securian AM Real Asset Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 148. | Six Circles Trust |
| 149. | Sound Shore Fund, Inc. |
| 150. | SP Funds Trust |
| 151. | Sparrow Funds |
| 152. | Spear Alpha ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 153. | STF Tactical Growth & Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 154. | STF Tactical Growth ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 155. | Strategic Trust |
| 156. | Strategy Shares |
| 157. | Swan Hedged Equity US Large Cap ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 158. | Tekla World Healthcare Fund |
| 159. | Tema ETF Trust |
| 160. | The 2023 ETF Series Trust |
| 161. | The 2023 ETF Series Trust II |
| 162. | The Cook & Bynum Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 163. | The Community Development Fund |
| 164. | The Finite Solar Finance Fund |
| 165. | The Private Shares Fund |
| 166. | The SPAC and New Issue ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust |
| 167. | Third Avenue Trust |
| 168. | Third Avenue Variable Series Trust |
| 169. | Tidal ETF Trust |
| 170. | Tidal Trust II |
| 171. | Tidal Trust III |
| 172. | TIFF Investment Program |
| 173. | Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock Enhanced ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 174. | Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 175. | Timothy Plan International ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 176. | Timothy Plan Market Neutral ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 177. | Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 178. | Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Core Enhanced ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 179. | Timothy Plan US Small Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan |
| 180. | Total Fund Solution |
| 181. | Touchstone ETF Trust |
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| 182. | T-Rex 2X Inverse Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 183. | T-Rex 2x Inverse Ether Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 184. | T-Rex 2X Long Bitcoin Daily Target ETF, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 185. | T-Rex 2x Long Ether Daily Target ETF |
| 186. | TrueShares Active Yield ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 187. | TrueShares Eagle Global Renewable Energy Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 188. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (April) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 189. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (August) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 190. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (December) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 191. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (February) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 192. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (January) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 193. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (July) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 194. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (June) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 195. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (March) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 196. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (May) ETF, Listed Funds Trust |
| 197. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (November) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 198. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (October) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 199. | TrueShares Structured Outcome (September) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 200. | TrueShares Technology, AI & Deep Learning ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust |
| 201. | U.S. Global Investors Funds |
| 202. | Union Street Partners Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 203. | Vest Bitcoin Strategy Managed Volatility Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 204. | Vest S&P 500® Dividend Aristocrats Target Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 205. | Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 206. | Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies VI Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 207. | Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 208. | Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies VI Fund, Series of World Funds Trust |
| 209. | VictoryShares Core Intermediate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 210. | VictoryShares Core Plus Intermediate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 211. | VictoryShares Corporate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 212. | VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 213. | VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 214. | VictoryShares Emerging Markets Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 215. | VictoryShares Free Cash Flow ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 216. | VictoryShares Free Cash Flow Growth ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
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| 217. | VictoryShares Hedged Equity Income ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 218. | VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 219. | VictoryShares International Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 220. | VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 221. | VictoryShares NASDAQ Next 50 ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 222. | VictoryShares Short-Term Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 223. | VictoryShares THB Mid Cap ESG ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 224. | VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 225. | VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 226. | VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 227. | VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 228. | VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 229. | VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 230. | VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 231. | VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 232. | VictoryShares US Small Mid Cap Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 233. | VictoryShares US Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 234. | VictoryShares WestEnd Economic Cycle Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 235. | VictoryShares WestEnd Global Equity ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 236. | VictoryShares WestEnd US Sector ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II |
| 237. | Virtus Stone Harbor Emerging Markets Income Fund |
| 238. | Volatility Shares Trust |
| 239. | WEBs ETF Trust |
| 240. | Wellington Global Multi-Strategy Fund |
| 241. | West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust |
| 242. | Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc. |
| 243. | Wilshire Variable Insurance Trust |
| 244. | WisdomTree Digital Trust |
| 245. | WisdomTree Trust |
| 246. | XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust |
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| (b) | The following are the Officers and Manager of Foreside, the Registrant’s underwriter. Foreside’s, unless otherwise noted, business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. |
| Name | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | ||
| Teresa Cowan | President/Manager | None | ||
| Chris Lanza | Vice President | None | ||
| Kate Macchia | Vice President | None | ||
| Nanette K. Chern | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None | ||
| Kelly B. Whetstone | Secretary | None | ||
| Susan L. LaFond | Treasurer | None | ||
| Weston Sommers | Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer |
None |
| (c) | Not applicable. |
| (ii)(a) | ALPS Distributors, Inc. (“ALPS”) serves as principal underwriter for certain series of the of the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
1290
Funds
1WS Credit Income Fund
abrdn
ETFs
Accordant ODCE Index Fund
Alpha
Alternative Assets Fund
ALPS Series Trust
Alternative Credit Income Fund
Apollo
Diversified Credit Fund
Apollo Diversified Real
Estate Fund
AQR Funds
Axonic
Alternative Income Fund
Axonic Funds
BBH Trust
Bluerock
High Income Institutional Credit Fund
Bluerock
Total Income+ Real Estate Fund
Bridge Builder Trust
Cambria ETF Trust
Centre
Funds
CION Ares Diversified Credit Fund
Columbia ETF Trust
Columbia
ETF Trust I
Columbia ETF Trust II
CRM Mutual Fund Trust
DBX
ETF Trust
ETF Series Solutions (Vident Series)
Financial
Investors Trust
Firsthand Funds
Flat
Rock Core Income Fund
Flat Rock Opportunity Fund
FS Credit Income Fund
FS
Energy Total Return Fund
FS Multi-Alternative Income
Fund
FS Series Trust
FS
MVP Private Markets Fund
Goehring & Rozencwajg
Investment Funds
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust II
Graniteshares
ETF Trust
Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust
Heartland Group, Inc.
IndexIQ
Active ETF Trust
IndexIQ ETF Trust
Investment Managers Series Trust II (AXS-Advised Funds)
Janus Detroit Street Trust
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Lattice Strategies Trust
Litman
Gregory Funds Trust
Manager Directed Portfolios
(Spyglass Growth Fund)
Meridian
Fund, Inc.
Natixis ETF Trust
Natixis
ETF Trust II
Opportunistic Credit Interval Fund
PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds
Principal
Exchange-Traded Funds
RiverNorth Funds
RiverNorth Opportunities Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth/DoubleLine
Strategic Opportunity Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Opportunistic
Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth Managed
Duration Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth
Flexible Municipal Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth
Capital and Income Fund, Inc.
RiverNorth
Flexible Municipal Income Fund II, Inc.
RiverNorth Managed Duration Municipal Income Fund II, Inc.
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial
Average ETF Trust
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust
SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF Trust
Sprott Funds Trust
Stone Ridge
Trust
Stone Ridge Trust II
Stone Ridge Trust IV
Stone Ridge Trust V
Stone Ridge Trust VIII
The Arbitrage
Funds
Themes ETF Trust
Thrivent ETF Trust
USCF ETF Trust
Valkyrie ETF Trust II
Wasatch Funds
WesMark
Funds
Wilmington Funds
X-Square Balanced Fund
X-Square Series Trust
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| (b) | The following are the Officers and Manager of ALPS, the Registrant’s underwriter. ALPS’s, unless otherwise noted, business address is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203. |
| Name | Position with Underwriter | Positions with Registrant | ||
| Stephen J. Kyllo | President, Chief Operating Officer, Director, Chief Compliance Officer | None | ||
| Brian Schell * | Vice President & Treasurer | None | ||
| Eric Parsons | Vice President, Controller and Assistant Treasurer | None | ||
| Jason White** | Secretary | None | ||
| Richard C. Noyes | Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Assistant Secretary | None | ||
| Eric Theroff | Assistant Secretary | None | ||
| Adam Girard | Tax Officer | None | ||
| Liza Price | Vice President, Managing Counsel | None | ||
| Jed Stahl | Vice President, Managing Counsel | None | ||
| Terence Digan | Vice President | None | ||
| James Stegall | Vice President | None | ||
| Gary Ross | Senior Vice President | None | ||
| Hilary Quinn | Vice President | None |
* The principal business address for Mr. Schell is 100 South Wacker Drive, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606.
** The principal business address for Mr. White is 4 Times Square, New York, NY 10036.
^ The principal business address for Mr. Theroff is 1055 Broadway Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64105
^^ The principal business address for Mr. Girard is 80 Lamberton Road, Windsor, CT 06095
| (c) | Not applicable. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are maintained at the following locations:
| Records Relating to: | Are located at: | |
| Registrant’s Fund Administrator | Tidal ETF Services LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 | |
|
Registrant’s Fund Sub-Administrator, Fund Accountant, and Sub-Transfer Agent
|
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | |
| Registrant’s Custodian | U.S. Bank, National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive Milwaukee, WI 53212 | |
| Registrant’s Principal Underwriter | Foreside Fund Services, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101 |
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| Registrant’s Investment Adviser | Tidal Investments LLC 234 West Florida Street, Suite 203 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Carbon Collective Investing, LLC 1748 Shattuck Ave. PMB 164 Berkeley, CA 94709 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Nicholas Wealth, LLC Wealth Management 218 Roswell Street NE Marietta, Georgia 30060 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Pinnacle Family Advisors, LLC 620 W. Republic Road Suite 104 Springfield, Missouri 65807 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Veridien Global Investors LLC 320 Post Road Darien, Connecticut 06820 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Newfound Research LLC 200 Central Avenue, Suite 324 St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 | |
| Registrant’s Futures Trading Advisor | ReSolve Asset Management SEZC (Cayman) 90 North Church Street Strathvale House, 5th Floor George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-9012 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Montrose Estate Capital Management, LLC d/b/a Days Global Advisors 6363 Woodway Dr., Suite # 763 Houston, TX 77057 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Family Dynasty Advisors LLC 4601 S. Loop 289 #7 Lubbock TX 79424 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Roundhill Financial Inc. 154 West 14th Street, 2nd Floor New York, New York 10011 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Veridien Global Investors LLC 320 Post Road Darien, CT 06820 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Chesapeake Capital Corporation 308 Long Lane Richmond, Virginia 23221 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Blueprint Fund Management, LLC 1250 Revolution Mill Dr., Suite 150, Greensboro, NC 27405 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Grizzle Investment Management LLC 573 Coldstream Drive Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312 |
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| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Cambria Investment Management, L.P. 3300 Highland Avenue Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Hilton Capital Management, LLC 1010 Franklin Avenue, Suite 300A Garden City, NY 11530 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Quantify Chaos Advisors, LLC (dba Quantify Funds) 21 India Street, #2609 Brooklyn, New York, 11222 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Artesian Capital Management (Delaware) LP 499 7th Ave, Level 22N New York, NY 10018 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Even Herd, LLC 14642 Bogert Pkwy Oklahoma City, OK 73134 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Peerless Wealth LLC 1 East Campus View Blvd. Suite 210 Columbus, Ohio 43235 | |
| Registrant’s Sub-Adviser | Clockwise Capital LLC 1395 Brickell Avenue, Unit 800 Miami, FL 33131 |
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
C-45
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 352 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 352 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee, State of Wisconsin, on May 23, 2025.
| Tidal Trust II | ||
| /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | ||
| Principal Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on May 23, 2025.
| Signature | Title | ||
| /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | Principal Executive Officer and Trustee | ||
| Eric W. Falkeis | |||
| /s/ Dave Norris* | Trustee | ||
| David Norris | |||
| /s/ Michelle McDonough* | Trustee | ||
| Michelle McDonough | |||
| /s/ Javier Marquina* | Trustee | ||
| Javier Marquina | |||
| /s/ Aaron Perkovich | Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) | ||
| Aaron Perkovich | |||
| *By: | /s/ Eric W. Falkeis | ||
| Eric Falkeis, Attorney in Fact | |||
| By Power of Attorney | |||
C-46
Exhibit Index
| Exhibit No. | Description |
| (i)(lxxix) | Consent of Counsel |
| (j) | Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm |
C-47
ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED ACCOUNTING FIRM
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