Form 485BPOS PROFESSIONALLY MANAGED
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E-mailFiled with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2025
1933 Act Registration File No. 033-12213
1940 Act File No. 811-05037
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | [ | X | ] | ||||||||||||||
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | [ | ] | |||||||||||||||
| Post-Effective Amendment No. | 889 | [ | X | ] | |||||||||||||
and/or
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | [ | X | ] | ||||||||||||||
| Amendment No. | 890 | [ | X | ] | |||||||||||||
(Check appropriate box or boxes.)
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (414) 765-4324
| Jason F. Hadler | ||
| Professionally Managed Portfolios | ||
| 777 East Wisconsin Avenue | ||
| Milwaukee, WI 53202 | ||
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copy to:
| Rachael Schwartz, Esq. | ||
| Sullivan & Worcester, LLP | ||
| 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor | ||
| New York, NY 10020 | ||
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
| [ | ] | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) | |||||||||
| [ | X | ] | On February 28, 2025 pursuant to paragraph (b) | ||||||||
| [ | ] | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |||||||||
| [ | ] | On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) | |||||||||
| [ | ] | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) | |||||||||
| [ | ] | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. | |||||||||
If appropriate, check the following box:
| [ | ] | This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post- effective amendment. | |||||||||
Explanatory Note: Explanatory Note: This Post-Effective Amendment No. 889 to the Registration Statement of Professionally Managed Portfolios (the “Trust”) is being filed to add the audited financial statements and certain related financial information for the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024 for Otter Creek Long Short Opportunity Fund and the Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF (the "Funds").
PROSPECTUS
Institutional Class – Ticker: OTTRX
Investor Class – Ticker: OTCRX
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY SECTION
Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund
The Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.
| Institutional Class | Investor Class | |||||||
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed on shares held for 60 days or less) | % | % | ||||||
Management Fees(1) | % | % | ||||||
| Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees | % | |||||||
| Other Expenses (includes Interest and Dividends on Securities Sold Short) | % | % | ||||||
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(2) | % | % | ||||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | % | % | ||||||
Less: Fee Waiver and Expense Reimbursement(3) | - | % | - | % | ||||
Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses(4) | % | % | ||||||
(1)Otter Creek Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor” or “Otter Creek”) has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee so that the effective rate of the advisory fee is 1.35%, instead of 1.50%, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through February 28, 2026 . This waiver may not be terminated without the approval of the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”). This waiver should not be construed to be a permanent reduction of the management fees of the Advisor. The Advisor has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its management fees waived pursuant to this advisory fee waiver agreement.
(2)Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) are indirect fees and expenses that the Fund incurs from investing in the shares of other investment companies, including money market funds and other mutual funds, closed end funds, business development companies or certain exchange-traded funds.
(3)Otter Creek has contractually agreed to limit the Fund’s operating expenses (excluding AFFE, interest, taxes, interest and dividend expense on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees, and any other class-specific expenses) through February 28, 2026 (unless otherwise sooner terminated) in order to limit Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 1.55% of average daily net assets of the Fund (the “Expense Cap”). The Expense Cap is indefinite, will remain in effect through at least February 28, 2026, and may be terminated only by the Board. The Advisor is permitted, with Board approval, to be reimbursed for fee reductions and/or expense payments made in the prior three years from the date the fees were waived and/or expenses paid. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward operating expenses for such period (taking into account any reimbursement) does not exceed the lesser of the Expense Cap in place at the time of waiver or at the time of reimbursement.
(4)Note that the amount of Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses shown in the above table will differ from the Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets included in the “Financial Highlights” section of the Statutory Prospectus, which reflects the operating expenses of the Fund during the most recent fiscal year and includes expenses incurred prior to the contractual waiver of the Fund’s management fee and does not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that
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| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||||||
| Institutional Class | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Investor Class | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 237 % of the average value of its portfolio.
The Fund employs a long/short investment strategy in an attempt to achieve capital appreciation and manage risk. The Fund takes long positions in securities Otter Creek believes to be undervalued and short positions in securities Otter Creek believes to be overvalued. The Fund’s objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation. Under normal market conditions, the net long exposure of the Fund (gross long exposures minus gross short exposures) is expected to range between -35% and +80% net long. The Fund’s investment objective described in the Summary Section is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund primarily invests in equity securities that are traded on U.S. securities exchanges. Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include common stocks, convertibles, preferred stocks, warrants, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”). In addition, the Fund may purchase options on equity securities or security indexes with respect to 10% of its total assets. The Fund may invest in securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an initial public offering (“IPO”). The Fund may invest up to 30% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers. The Fund may also invest up to 15% of the Fund’s net assets in Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”), and up to 30% of the Fund’s net assets in equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”). To the extent the Fund invests in MLPs, its investments will be restricted to holding interests as a limited partner in such investments.
The Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, such as U.S. Government obligations, investment grade debt securities and other money market instruments, for temporary defensive purposes due to economic or market conditions.
The Fund may utilize leverage of no more than 30% of the Fund’s total assets as part of the portfolio management process. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies in the same sector of the market. The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its net
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assets in derivatives including futures, options, swaps and forward foreign currency contracts. These instruments may be used to modify or hedge the Fund’s exposure to a particular investment market related risk, as well as to manage the volatility of the Fund.
The dollar amount of short sales at any one time (not including short sales against the box) may not exceed 100% of the net assets of the Fund, and it is expected that normally the dollar amount of such sales will not exceed 75% of the net assets of the Fund.
•Equity Securities Risk. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for the Fund’s portfolio or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions.
•Management Risk. The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. The Advisor’s management practices and investment strategies might not produce the desired results. The Advisor may be incorrect in its assessment of a stock’s appreciation or depreciation potential.
•Fixed Income Securities Risk. Fixed income (debt) securities are generally subject to the following risks:
◦Interest Rate Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments in fixed-income securities will change based on changes in interest rates. If interest rates increase, the value of these investments generally declines. Securities with greater interest rate sensitivity and longer maturities generally are subject to greater fluctuations in value.
◦Extension Risk. If interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain fixed income securities may occur at a slower-than-expected rate and, as a result, the expected maturity of such securities could lengthen which could cause their value to decline.
◦Credit Risk. The Fund’s investments are subject to the risk that issuers and/or counterparties will fail to make payments when due or default completely. Prices of the Fund’s investments may be adversely affected if any of the issuers or counterparties it is invested in are subject to an actual or perceived deterioration in their credit quality. Credit spreads may increase, which may reduce the market values of the Fund’s securities. Credit spread risk is the risk that economic and market conditions or any actual or perceived credit deterioration may lead to an increase in the credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between two securities of similar maturity but different credit quality) and a decline in price of the issuer’s securities.
◦Prepayment Risk. Issuers of securities held by the Fund may be able to prepay principal due on these securities, particularly during periods of declining interest rates, and the Fund may have to invest the proceeds in lower-yielding securities.
•High Yield Securities Risk. Fixed income securities that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “junk bonds”) are subject to additional risk factors due to the speculative nature of these securities, such as increased possibility of default liquidation of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer. Below investment grade securities (high yield/junk bonds) have speculative characteristics, and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to impair
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the ability of issuers of those securities to make principal and interest payments than is the case with issuers of investment grade securities.
•Short Sales Risk. A short sale will be successful if the price of the shorted security decreases. However, if the underlying security goes up in price during the period in which the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss. The risk on a short sale is unlimited because the Fund must buy the shorted security at the higher price to complete the transaction. Therefore, short sales may be subject to greater risks than investments in long positions. Entering into short sales can involve the loss of more money than the actual cost of the investment, and the risk of loss if the third party to the short sale does not honor its contract terms.
The remaining principal risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
•Depositary Receipt Risk. Foreign receipts, which include ADRs, GDRs, and EDRs, are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities issued by a foreign issuer. The risks of depositary receipts include many risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, such as individual country risk and liquidity risk. Unsponsored ADRs, which are issued by a depositary bank without the participation or consent of the issuer, involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply, and the issuing bank will recover shareholder distribution costs from movement of share prices and payment of dividends.
•Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s use of derivatives (which may include options and swaps) may reduce the Fund’s returns and/or increase volatility. A risk of the Fund’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate perfectly with the overall securities markets. As a result of the structure of certain derivatives, adverse changes in the value of the underlying instrument can result in a counterparty’s losses being substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself.
•Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. An exchange-traded fund (“ETF”), in which the Fund invests may not achieve its investment objective or execute its investment strategies effectively or a large purchase or redemption activity by shareholders of such an investment company might negatively affect the value of the investment company’s shares. The Fund must also pay its pro rata portion of an ETF’s fees and expenses. If an ETF held by the Fund trades at a discount to net asset value, the Fund could lose money even if the securities in which the ETF invests go up in value. Where all or portion of the ETF’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market in which the ETF shares and listed in trading is open, there may be changes between the last quote and the closed foreign market and the value of such security during the ETF’s domestic trading day.
•Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest in foreign securities. These foreign investments are subject to special risks. Foreign securities can be more volatile than domestic (U.S.) securities. Securities markets of other countries are generally smaller than U.S. securities markets. Many foreign securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities, which could affect the Fund’s investments. Investments in foreign securities may also involve exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
•General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular
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•Initial Public Offering Risk. The Fund may purchase securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an IPO. The risk exists that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When the Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund.
•Leverage Risk. Leverage is investment exposure which exceeds the initial amount invested. The use of leverage can cause the portfolio to lose more than the principal amount invested. Leverage can magnify the portfolio’s gains and losses and therefore increase its volatility.
•Liquidity Risk. Certain fixed income securities held by the Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price.
•Master Limited Partnership Risk. Investing in MLPs entails risk related to potential changes in the U.S. tax law which could revoke the pass-through tax attributes that provide the tax efficiencies that make MLPs attractive investment structures. Additional risks include fluctuations in energy prices, decreases in supply of or demand for energy commodities, decreases in demand for MLPs in rising interest rate environments, and various other risks.
•Portfolio Turnover Risk. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) has the potential to result in the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher capital gains, which may subject you to a higher tax liability. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions and dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
•Options Risk. Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. There are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transactions not to achieve its objectives.
•REIT and Real Estate Risk. The value of the Fund’s investments in REITs may change in response to changes in the real estate market such as declines in the value of real estate, lack of available capital or financing opportunities, and increases in property taxes or operating costs. Shareholders of the Fund will indirectly be subject to the fees and expenses of the individual REITs in which the Fund invests. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance.
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•RIC Qualification Risk. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”), the Fund must meet certain income source, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. The Fund’s MLP investments may make it more difficult for the Fund to meet these requirements. The asset diversification requirements include a requirement that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (including debt securities) of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The Fund anticipates that the MLPs in which it invests will be qualified publicly traded partnerships. If the Fund’s MLP investments exceed this 25% limitation, which could occur if the Fund’s investment in an MLP affiliate were re-characterized as an investment in an MLP, then the Fund would not satisfy the diversification requirements and could fail to qualify as a RIC. If, in any year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason, the Fund would be taxed as an ordinary corporation and would become (or remain) subject to corporate income tax. The resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions.
| % | ||||||||
| - | % | |||||||
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| 1 Year | 5 Year | 10 Year | |||||||||
| Investor Class | |||||||||||
| Institutional Class | |||||||||||
| - | |||||||||||
Management
| Investment Advisor | ||
| Otter Creek Advisors, LLC | ||
The Fund is team-managed by the following Portfolio Managers:
| Portfolio Managers | ||||||||
| Name | Title | Managed the Fund Since | ||||||
| Tyler C. Walling | Principal | Inception (2013) | ||||||
| Cory J. Reed, CFA | Principal | April 2022 | ||||||
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
You may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by written request via mail (Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701), by telephone at 1-855-681-5261, or through a financial intermediary. You may also purchase or redeem Fund shares by wire transfer. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact the financial intermediary directly. The minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts are shown below.
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| Type of Account | To Open Your Account | To Add to Your Account | ||||||
| Institutional Class | ||||||||
| - All Accounts | $2,500 | None | ||||||
| Investor Class | ||||||||
| - Standard Accounts | $100 | None | ||||||
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you invest through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account (“IRA”). Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or financial adviser), the Fund and/or the Advisor may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund employs a long/short investment strategy in an attempt to achieve capital appreciation and manage risk. The Fund takes long positions in securities Otter Creek believes to be undervalued and short positions in securities Otter Creek believes to be overvalued. The Fund’s objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation. The net long exposure of the Fund (gross long exposures minus gross short exposures) is usually expected to be between -35% and +80% net long. The Fund’s investment objective described in the Summary Section is non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. | ||||||||
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities that are traded on U.S. securities exchanges. Equity securities in which the Fund may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants, ADRs, EDRs, GDRs. In addition, the Fund may purchase options on equity securities or security indexes with respect to 10% of its total assets. The Fund may include securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an IPO. The Fund may also invest up to 30% of its total assets in securities of foreign issuers. The Fund may invest up to 15% of the Fund’s net assets in MLPs and up to 30% of the Fund’s net assets in REITs. To the extent the Fund invests in MLPs, its investments will be restricted to holding interests as a limited partner in such investments. Additionally, the Fund may invest in ETFs, and may purchase options on equities and stock indices with respect to 10% of its total assets. | ADRs are equity securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges, which are generally issued by banks or trust companies to evidence ownership of foreign equity securities. MLPs are businesses organized as publicly traded limited partnerships which trade their proportionate shares of the partnership (units) on a public exchange. This pass-through creates passive income or losses, along with dividend and investment income. Generally speaking, MLP investment returns are enhanced during periods of declining or low interest rates and tend to be negatively influenced when interest rates are rising. As an income vehicle, the unit price can be influenced by general interest rate trends independent of specific underlying fundamentals. In addition, most MLPs are fairly leveraged and typically carry a portion of “floating” rate debt. As such, a significant upward swing in interest rates would drive interest expense higher. Furthermore, most MLPs grow by acquisitions partly financed by debt, and higher interest rates could make it more difficult to make acquisitions. REITs are securities that sell like a stock on the major stock exchanges and invest in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages. REITs receive special tax treatment and may offer investors higher yields, as well as more liquidity than directly investing in real estate. | |||||||
With respect to the fixed income portion of the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund may also invest up to 60% of the Fund’s net assets in fixed income securities including debt issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies, investment grade corporate debt, sub-investment grade corporate debt (i.e. junk bonds) and convertible bonds. Of the 60% of the Fund’s net assets which may be invested in fixed income securities, up to 20% of the Fund’s net assets may be invested in securities with either an S&P rating of CCC+ or lower or a Moody’s rating of CAA1 or lower, at the time of purchase.
The Fund may utilize leverage of no more than 30% of the Fund’s total assets as part of the portfolio management process. From time to time, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies in the same sector of the market. The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its net assets in derivatives including futures, options, swaps and forward foreign currency contracts. These instruments may be used to modify or hedge the Fund’s exposure to a particular investment market related risk, as well as to manage the volatility of the Fund.
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The dollar amount of short sales at any one time (not including short sales against the box) may not exceed 100% of the net assets of the Fund, and it is expected that normally the dollar amount of such sales will not exceed 75% of the net assets of the Fund. Short selling is the selling of a stock that the Fund does not own. More specifically, a short sale is the sale of a security that is not owned by the Fund, but that is promised to be delivered. Shorting is betting against the overall direction of the market. Shorting stocks involves using borrowed money. The Fund does not intend to engage in high portfolio trading activity.
Cash and Cash Equivalent Holdings
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, and high-quality, short-term debt securities, money market mutual funds and money market instruments due to a lack of suitable investment opportunities or for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objective and the Fund’s performance may be negatively affected as a result. Additionally, the temporary defensive positions taken by the Fund in response to adverse market or other conditions may be, or are inconsistent with, the Fund’s principal investment strategies.
To the extent that the Fund uses a money market fund or an exchange-traded fund for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of such money market fund’s or exchange-traded fund’s management fees and operational expenses.
Derivatives and Hedging Techniques
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depend upon, or are derived from, the value of an asset, such as one or more underlying investments, currencies or indexes. The Fund may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, such as options on securities and securities indexes. Derivatives may be used by the Fund for any of the following purposes:
•As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the Fund’s portfolio
•As a substitute for buying or selling securities
•To enhance the Fund’s return
•As a cash flow management technique
A derivative contract will obligate or entitle the Fund to deliver or receive an asset or cash payment based on the change in value of one or more investments, currencies or indexes.
Should the Fund invest in derivatives, the Fund will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of fund assets, take into account the market value of the Fund’s derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments.
Principal Investment Risks
The principal risks of investing in the Fund have previously been summarized in the “Summary Section.” These risks are discussed in more detail below in order of relevance to the Fund.
Equity Securities Risk. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of changes in the broad market or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for the Fund’s portfolio or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions. Equity securities are subject to “stock market risk” meaning that stock prices in general (or in particular,
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the prices of the types of securities in which the Fund invests) may decline over short or extended periods of time. When the value of the Fund’s securities goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value.
Management Risk. Management risk describes the Fund’s ability to meet investment objectives based on the Advisor’s success or failure at implementing investment strategies for the Fund. The value of your investment is subject to the effectiveness of the Advisor’s research, analysis, asset allocation among portfolio securities and ability to identify a stock’s appreciation potential. If the Advisor’s investment strategies do not produce the expected results, your investment could be diminished.
Fixed Income Securities Risk. Debt securities are subject to various risks including, among others, credit risk and interest rate risk. These risks can affect a security’s price volatility to varying degrees, depending upon the nature of the instrument.
•Credit Risk. Refers to the risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to pay its obligations to the Fund when they are due. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. Changes in the financial condition of an issuer or counterparty, changes in specific economic, social or political conditions that affect a particular type of security, other instrument or an issuer, and changes in economic, social or political conditions generally can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or other instrument’s credit quality or value and an issuer’s or counterparty’s ability to pay interest and principal when due. The values of securities also may decline for a number of other reasons that relate directly to the issuer, such as management performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, as well as the historical and prospective earnings of the issuer and the value of its assets.
•Extension Risk. Refers to the risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities, including, but not limited to, floating rate loans and mortgage-related securities, may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply.
•Interest Rate Risk. Refers to the risk that the values of debt instruments held by the Fund will change in response to changes in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income instrument with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of an instrument with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. The value of an instrument with a longer duration (whether positive or negative) will be more sensitive to increases in interest rates than a similar instrument with a shorter duration. Duration is a measure of the expected life of a bond that is used to determine the sensitivity of an instrument’s price to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of three years generally would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. Over the past several years, the Federal Reserve has maintained the level of interest rates at or near historic lows. However, more recently, interest rates have begun to increase as a result of action that has been taken by the Federal Reserve, which has raised, and may continue to raise, interest rates. If interest rates rise, the Fund’s yield may not increase proportionately, and the maturities of fixed income securities that have the ability to be prepaid or called by the issuer may be extended. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed income securities. The Fund may be exposed to heightened interest rate risk as
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interest rates rise from historically low levels. Fluctuations in interest rates may also affect the liquidity of fixed income securities and instruments held by the Fund.
•Prepayment Risk. Many types of debt securities, including floating rate loans and asset-backed securities, may reflect an interest in periodic payments made by borrowers. Although debt securities and other obligations typically mature after a specified period of time, borrowers may pay them off sooner. When a prepayment happens, all or a portion of the obligation will be prepaid. A borrower is more likely to prepay an obligation which bears a relatively high rate of interest. This means that in times of declining interest rates, there is a greater likelihood that a Fund’s higher yielding securities will be pre-paid and the Fund will probably be unable to reinvest those proceeds in an investment with as great a yield, causing the Fund’s yield to decline. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when prevailing interest rates fall. If the Fund buys those investments at a premium, accelerated prepayments on those investments could cause the Fund to lose a portion of its principal investment and result in lower yields to shareholders. The increased likelihood of prepayment when interest rates decline also limits market price appreciation, especially with respect to certain loans and asset-backed securities. The effect of prepayments on the price of a security may be difficult to predict and may increase the security’s price volatility.
High Yield Securities Risk. Fixed income securities receiving below investment grade ratings (i.e., “junk bonds”) may have speculative characteristics, and, compared to higher-grade securities, may have a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments in economic conditions or other circumstances. High yield, high risk, and lower-rated securities are subject to additional risk factors due to the speculative nature of these securities, such as increased possibility of default, decreased liquidity, and fluctuations in value due to public perception of the issuer of such securities. These bonds are almost always uncollateralized and subordinate to other debt that an issuer may have outstanding. In addition, both individual high yield securities and the entire high yield bond market can experience sharp price swings due to a variety of factors, including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, or, a higher profile default.
Short Sales Risk. A short sale will be successful if the price of the shorted security decreases. However, if the underlying security goes up in price during the period in which the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss. The risk on a short sale is unlimited because the Fund must buy the shorted security at the higher price to complete the transaction. Therefore, short sales may be subject to greater risks than investments in long positions. With a long position, the maximum sustainable loss is limited to the amount paid for the security plus the transaction costs, whereas there is no maximum attainable price of the shorted security. The Fund will also incur increased transaction costs associated with selling securities short. The Fund’s gains and losses will also be decreased or increased, as the case may be, by the amount of any dividends, interest, or expenses, including transaction costs and borrowing fees, the Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. Such payments may result in the Fund having higher expenses than a fund that does not engage in short sales and may negatively affect the Fund’s performance.
The remaining risks are considered “principal risks” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes due to a number of factors, including: inflation (or expectations for inflation); deflation
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(or expectations for deflation); interest rates; global demand for particular products or resources; natural disasters or events; pandemic diseases; terrorism; regulatory events; other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics.
Leverage Risk. Leverage is the practice of borrowing money to purchase securities. Leverage can increase the investment returns of the Fund if the securities purchased increase in value in an amount exceeding the cost of the borrowing. However, if the securities decrease in value, the Fund will suffer a greater loss than would have resulted without the use of leverage. Leverage can magnify the portfolio’s gains and losses and therefore increase its volatility.
Liquidity Risk. Certain securities held by the Fund may be difficult (or impossible) to sell at the time and at the price the Advisor would like. As a result, the Fund may have to hold these securities longer than it would like and may forego other investment opportunities. There is the possibility that the Fund may lose money or be prevented from realizing capital gains if it cannot sell a security at a particular time and price.
Foreign Securities Risk. Foreign securities can be more volatile than domestic (U.S.) securities. Securities markets of other countries are generally smaller than U.S. securities markets. Many foreign securities may be less liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities, which could affect the Fund’s investments. The exchange rates between U.S. dollar and foreign currencies might fluctuate, which could negatively affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Investments in foreign securities may also involve exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Foreign securities are also subject to higher political, social and economic risks. These risks include, but are not limited to, a downturn in the country’s economy, excessive taxation, political instability, and expropriation of assets by foreign governments. Compared to the U.S., foreign governments and markets often have less stringent accounting, disclosure, and financial reporting requirements.
Depositary Receipt Risk. Foreign receipts, which include ADRs, GDRs, and EDRs, are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities issued by a foreign issuer. The risks of depositary receipts include many risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities, such as individual country risk and liquidity risk. Unsponsored ADRs, which are issued by a depositary bank without the participation or consent of the issuer, involve additional risks because U.S. reporting requirements do not apply, and the issuing bank will recover shareholder distribution costs from movement of share prices and payment of dividends.
Derivatives Risk. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk and management risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Fund by investing in a derivative instrument could lose more than the principal amount invested. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the asset, index, rate or instrument underlying a derivative or due to failure of a counterparty. Derivatives may create leverage in the Fund, which magnifies the Fund’s exposure to the underlying investment so that small changes in the value of the underlying instruments may produce disproportionate
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losses to the Fund. A counterparty’s loss on a derivatives transaction may substantially exceed the counterparty’s initial investment.
Options Risk. Options on securities may be subject to greater fluctuations in value than an investment in the underlying securities. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. There are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transactions not to achieve its objectives.
Initial Public Offering Risk. The Fund may purchase securities of companies that are offered pursuant to an IPO. The risk exists that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When the Fund’s asset base is small, a significant portion of the Fund’s performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Fund.
Master Limited Partnership Risk. The Fund’s investments in MLPs entail risks, including potential changes in the U.S. tax code which could revoke the pass-through tax attributes that provide the tax efficiencies that make MLPs attractive investment structures. Additional risks include but are not limited to fluctuations in energy prices, decreases in the supply of or demand for energy commodities, decreases in demand for MLPs in rising interest rate environments, unique tax consequences due to the partnership structure and potentially limited liquidity in thinly traded issues. Investments in general partnerships may be riskier than investments in limited partnerships. In addition, investors in MLP units, unlike investors in the securities of a corporation, have limited control and voting rights on matters affecting the partnership. In addition, there are certain tax risks associated with an investment in MLP units and conflicts of interest may exist between common unit holders and the general partner, including those arising from incentive distribution payments.
RIC Qualification Risk. The Fund intends to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code, which means that the Fund must meet certain income source, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. The Fund’s MLP investments may make it more difficult for the Fund to meet these requirements. The asset diversification requirements include a requirement that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested in the securities (including debt securities) of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The Fund anticipates that the MLPs in which it invests will be qualified publicly traded partnerships. If the Fund’s MLP investments exceed this 25% limitation, which could occur if the Fund’s investment in an MLP affiliate were re-characterized as an investment in an MLP, then the Fund would not satisfy the diversification requirements and could fail to qualify as a RIC. If, in any year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason, the Fund would be taxed as an ordinary corporation and would become (or remain) subject to corporate income tax. The resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on the Fund and its shareholders. In such case, distributions to shareholders generally would be eligible (i) for treatment as qualified dividend income in the case of individual shareholders, and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders, provided certain holding period requirements are satisfied. In such circumstances, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a RIC that is accorded special treatment.
REIT and Real Estate Risk. When the Fund invests in REITs, it is subject to risks generally associated with investing in real estate, such as: (1) possible declines in the value of real estate, (2) adverse general
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and local economic conditions, (3) possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, (4) changes in interest rates, and (5) environmental problems. In addition, REITs are subject to certain other risks related specifically to their structure and focus such as: (a) dependency upon management skills; (b) limited diversification; (c) the risks of locating and managing financing for projects; (d) heavy cash flow dependency; (e) possible default by borrowers; (f) the costs and potential losses of self-liquidation of one or more holdings; (g) the possibility of failing to maintain exemptions from securities registration; and, (h) in many cases, relatively small market capitalization, which may result in less market liquidity and greater price volatility.
Exchange-Traded Fund Risk. Investments in ETFs involve substantially the same risks as investing directly in the instruments held by these entities. However, the total return from such investments will be reduced by the operating expenses and fees of the ETF. The Fund must also pay its pro rata portion of an ETF’s fees and expenses. An ETF may not achieve its investment objective or execute its investment strategy effectively, which may adversely affect the Fund’s performance. Shares of an ETF may expose the Fund to risks associated with leverage and may trade at a premium or discount to the NAV of the ETF’s portfolio securities depending on a variety of factors, including market supply and demand. Unlike shares of typical mutual funds, shares of ETFs are bought and sold based on market values throughout each trading day, and not at net asset value. For this reason, shares could trade at either a premium or discount to net asset value. If an ETF held by the Fund trades at a discount to net asset value, the Fund could lose money even if the securities in which the ETF invest go up in value. Where all or portion of the ETF’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market in which the ETF shares and listed in trading is open, there may be changes between the last quote and the closed foreign market and the value of such security during the ETF’s domestic trading day.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) has the potential to result in the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher capital gains, which may subject you to a higher tax liability. A high portfolio turnover rate also leads to higher transactions costs, which could negatively affect the Fund’s performance. Distributions to shareholders of short-term capital gains are taxed as ordinary income under federal tax laws. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater expenses to the Fund, including brokerage commissions and dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) and on the Fund’s website at www.ottercreekfunds.com.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Investment Advisor
The Fund is managed by Otter Creek Advisors, LLC, located at 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408, a privately owned Florida corporation. Prior to February 27, 2015, the Fund was managed by an affiliate of the Advisor, Otter Creek Management, Inc. As of December 31, 2024, the Advisor had approximately$158.6 million in assets under management.
The Advisor is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Advisor also furnishes the Fund with office space and certain
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administrative services and provides most of the personnel needed to fulfill its obligations under its advisory agreement. For such services, the Advisor is entitled to receive a monthly management fee based upon the average daily net assets of the Fund at 1.50%. The Advisor has contractually agreed to lower its management fee from 1.50% to 1.35% of the Fund’s average daily net assets through February 28, 2026. This waiver may not be terminated without the approval of the Trust’s Board. This waiver should not be construed to be a permanent reduction of the management fees of the Advisor. The Advisor has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its management fees waived pursuant to this advisory fee waiver agreement. The investment advisory fees incurred are paid monthly to the Advisor, net of any monthly waiver or reimbursement discussed below. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the Advisor received net advisory fees of 1.17% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement is available in the Fund’s Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024.
The Advisor’s Portfolio Managers
The Fund is team-managed by the Portfolio Managers listed below. The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of securities in the Fund.
Tyler C. Walling. Mr. Walling is a Principal and Portfolio Manager with the Advisor. Mr. Walling joined the previous investment advisor in May 2011 and serves as an investment professional. Prior to joining the General Partner of Otter Creek Management, Mr. Walling worked at Goldman Sachs & Co., an investment banking and securities firm, in New York, New York, as a Global Investment Research Associate from August 2009 through May 2011 and as a Global Investment Research Analyst from July 2006 through July 2009. While at Goldman Sachs & Co., Mr. Walling performed in-depth fundamental research and analysis for food, beverage, and tobacco companies, auto manufacturers and auto parts suppliers. Mr. Walling received his BS in Finance from Lehigh University in 2006.
Cory J. Reed, CFA. Mr. Reed is a Principal and Portfolio Manager with the Advisor. Mr. Reed joined the investment advisor in September 2016 and served as an investment professional. Prior to joining Otter Creek Advisors, Mr. Reed worked at Tetrem Capital Management, a Canadian investment firm based in Winnipeg, MB and Boston, MA, as Head of Trading from March 2013 through September 2016. Prior to that Mr. Reed spent time at LPL Financial in the research department, and with Needham and Company. While at Needham and Co. Mr. Reed performed in-depth fundamental research and analysis for Financial Technology, and IT Hardware companies. Mr. Reed started his career with Westfield Capital Management as an Assistant Trader. Mr. Reed received his BS in Business Administration from The University of Maine in 2007. Mr. Reed is also a CFA Charter holder.
Fund Expenses
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. In addition, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive a portion or all of its management fees and pay Fund expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses (“AFFE”), interest, taxes, interest and dividend expense on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees, and any other class-specific expenses) in order to order to limit Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 1.55% of average daily net assets of the Fund for the periods shown below (the “Expense Cap”). The Fund’s net operating expenses may be higher to the extent that the Fund incurs expenses that are not covered in the fees and expenses table.
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Effective | Expense Cap | ||||
| March 1, 2025 - February 28, 2026 | 1.55% | ||||
| March 1, 2026 - Indefinite | 1.70% | ||||
The Expense Cap will remain in effect through at least February 28, 2026 and may be terminated only by the Board. The Advisor is permitted, with Board approval, to be reimbursed for fee reductions and/or expense payments made in the prior three years from the date the fees were waived and/or expenses were paid. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward operating expenses for such period (taking into account any reimbursement) does not exceed the lesser of the Expense Cap in place at the time of waiver or at the time of reimbursement. Separately, the Advisor has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee so that the effective rate of the advisory fee is 1.35%, instead of 1.50%, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through February 28, 2026. The Advisor has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its advisory fees waived pursuant to the advisory fee waiver agreement. At the end of the contractual period the management fee will be returned to 1.50% and the Expense Cap to 1.70% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
Pricing of Fund Shares
Shares of the Fund are sold at their NAV. The NAV is determined by dividing the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets, minus all liabilities, by the number of shares outstanding (assets – liabilities / number of shares = NAV). The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration and other fees, which are accrued daily. The Fund’s share price is calculated as of the close of regular trading (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business.
All shareholder transaction orders received in good order (as described below under “How to Buy Shares”) by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Transfer Agent”), the Fund’s transfer agent, or an authorized financial intermediary by 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time will be processed at that day’s NAV. Transaction orders received after 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time will receive the next day’s NAV. The Fund’s NAV, however, may be calculated earlier if trading on the NYSE is restricted or as permitted by the SEC. The Fund does not determine the NAV of its shares on any day when the NYSE is not open for trading, such as weekends and certain national holidays. It is expected that the NYSE will not be open for trading on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. In certain cases, fair value determinations may be made as described below under procedures as adopted by the Advisor and approved by the Board.
Fair Value Pricing
Occasionally, reliable market quotations are not readily available or there may be events affecting the value of foreign securities or other securities held by the Fund that occur when regular trading on foreign exchanges is closed, but before trading on the NYSE is closed. The Board has designated the Advisor as its “valuation designee” under Rule 2a-5 of the 1940 Act, subject to its oversight. Fair value determinations are then made in good faith in accordance with procedures adopted by the Advisor. Generally, the fair value of a portfolio security or other asset shall be the amount that the owner of the
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security or asset might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The net asset value of the Fund’s shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem the Fund’s shares.
Attempts to determine the fair value of securities introduce an element of subjectivity to the pricing of securities. As a result, the price of a security determined through fair valuation techniques may differ from the price quoted or published by other sources and may not accurately reflect the market value of the security when trading resumes. If a reliable market quotation becomes available for a security formerly valued through fair valuation techniques, the Fund would compare the new market quotation to the fair value price to evaluate the effectiveness of its fair valuation procedures. If any significant discrepancies are found, the Fund may adjust its fair valuation procedures.
Description of Classes
The following table lists the key features of the Fund’s Institutional and Investor class.
| Institutional Class | Investor Class | |||||||
| Minimum Initial Investment | $2,500 | $100 | ||||||
| Subsequent Minimum Investment | None. | None. | ||||||
| Waiver/Reduction of Investment Minimum | None. | None. | ||||||
| Fees | • Redemption Fee: 1% of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase. | • Redemption Fee: 1% of amount redeemed within 60 days of purchase. • 12b-1 fee of 0.25%. | ||||||
| Conversion Feature | Subject to the Advisor’s approval (or in certain cases, Trust Officers), if investors currently holding Investor Class shares meet the criteria for eligible investors and would like to convert to Institutional Class shares, there are no tax consequences and investors are not subject to the redemption fees. To inquire about converting your Investor Class shares to Institutional Class shares, please call 1-855-681-5261. | Not Applicable. | ||||||
| Eligible Investors | Institutional Class shares can be purchased directly through the distributor or other financial institutions, which may charge transaction fees with respect to your purchase. | Offered to individual investors through mutual fund supermarkets or other platforms offered by broker-dealers, 401(k) plans, banks, or trust companies that have entered into a selling agreement with the Fund’s distributor, or directly through the distributor. | ||||||
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How to Buy Shares
You may purchase shares of the Fund by completing an account application. Your order will not be accepted until the completed account application is received by the Transfer Agent. Shares are purchased at the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent receives your order in good order. “Good order” means your purchase request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, (3) your purchase application or investment stub, and (4) a check payable to “Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund.” Account applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by payment in U.S. dollars, drawn on a domestic financial institution. The Fund will not accept payment in cash or money orders. In addition, to prevent check fraud, the Fund does not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares. The Fund is unable to accept post dated checks or any conditional order or payment. If your payment is returned for any reason, a $25 fee will be assessed against your account. You will also be responsible for any losses suffered by the Fund as a result. The Fund does not issue share certificates. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase in whole or in part. The minimum investment requirements may be waived by the Advisor from time to time.
Shares of the Fund have not been registered for sale outside of the United States. The Fund generally does not sell shares to investors residing outside the United States, even if they are United States citizens or lawful permanent residents, except to investors with United States military APO or FPO addresses.
USA PATRIOT Act
The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 requires financial institutions, including the Fund, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. When completing a new account application, you must supply the Fund with your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address to assist the Fund in verifying your identity. If you are opening the account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.) you must also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. Mailing addresses containing only a P.O. Box will not be accepted. Until such verification is made, the Fund may temporarily limit additional share purchases. In addition, the Fund may limit additional share purchases or close an account if it is unable to verify a shareholder’s identity. As required by law, the Fund may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.
If the Fund does not have a reasonable belief of the identity of a shareholder, the account application will be rejected or you will not be allowed to perform a transaction on the account until such information is received. In the rare event that the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity, the Fund reserves the right to redeem your account at the current day’s net asset value.
By Mail. Initial Investment. To purchase the Fund’s shares by mail, complete and sign the enclosed account application and mail it, along with a check made payable to the applicable Fund to:
FOR REGULAR MAIL DELIVERY Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services P.O. Box 701 Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 | FOR OVERNIGHT DELIVERY Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 E. Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, WI 53202 | ||||
Note: The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Transfer Agent’s
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post office box of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
By Mail. Subsequent Investment. If you are making a subsequent purchase, detach the stub that is attached to the account statement you will receive after each transaction and mail it with a check made payable to the applicable Fund in the envelope provided with your statement or to the address noted above. You should write your account number on the check. If you do not have the stub from your account statement, include the Fund name, your name, address and account number on a separate piece of paper.
By Telephone. Subsequent Investment. If you have accepted telephone options on the account application and your account has been open for at least 7 business days, you may purchase additional shares by telephoning the Fund toll free at 1-855-681-5261. Telephone orders will be accepted via electronic funds transfer from your pre-designated bank account through the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network. You must have banking information established on your account prior to making a purchase. Only bank accounts held at domestic institutions that are ACH members may be used for telephone transactions. If your order is received prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, shares will be purchased at the NAV next calculated. For security reasons, requests by telephone may be recorded.
By Wire. Initial Investment. If you are making your first investment in the Fund, before you wire funds, please contact the Transfer Agent by phone to make arrangements with a telephone service representative to submit your completed account application via mail, overnight delivery or facsimile. Upon receipt of your completed account application, an account will be established for you and a service representative will contact you to provide your new account number and wiring instructions. If you do not receive this information within one business day, you may call the Transfer Agent at the number above.
Once your account has been established, you may instruct your bank to initiate the wire using the instructions you were given. Prior to sending the wire, please call the Transfer Agent at 1-855-681-5261 to advise of your wire and to ensure proper credit upon receipt. Your bank must include the name of the Fund, your name and account number so that your wire can be correctly applied.
By Wire. Subsequent Investment. If you are making a subsequent purchase, your bank should wire funds as indicated below. Before each wire purchase, you should be sure to notify the Transfer Agent at 1-855-681-5261 to advise them of your intent to wire funds. It is essential that your bank include complete information about your account in all wire instructions. Your bank may charge you a fee for sending a wire to the Fund.
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Your bank should transmit immediately available funds by wire in your name to:
U.S. Bank National Association
777 E. Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53202
ABA Routing Number 075000022
For credit to U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
DDA #112-952-137
For further credit to: Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund
Shareholder Registration
Shareholder Account Number
Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, to be eligible for same day pricing. The Fund and the Transfer Agent are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system or from incomplete wiring instructions. If you have questions about how to invest by wire, you may call the Fund at 1-855-681-5261.
Purchases Placed with Financial Intermediaries. You may buy and sell shares of the Fund through certain financial intermediaries and their agents that have made arrangements with the Fund and are authorized to buy and sell shares of the Fund (collectively, “Financial Intermediaries”). Financial Intermediaries may have different investment minimum requirements than those outlined in this prospectus. Additionally, Financial Intermediaries may aggregate several customer accounts to accumulate the requisite initial investment minimum. Please consult your Financial Intermediary for their account policies. Your order will be priced at the Fund’s NAV next computed after it is received by a Financial Intermediary. A Financial Intermediary may hold your shares in an omnibus account in the Financial Intermediary’s name and the Financial Intermediary may maintain your individual ownership records. The Fund may pay the Financial Intermediary for maintaining individual ownership records as well as providing other shareholder services. Financial Intermediaries may charge fees for the services they provide to you in connection with processing your transaction order or maintaining your account with them. Financial Intermediaries are responsible for placing your order correctly and promptly with the Fund, forwarding payment promptly, as well as ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund’s Prospectus. If you transmit your order with these Financial Intermediaries before the close of regular trading (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on a day that the NYSE is open for business, your order will be priced at the Fund’s NAV next computed after it is received by the Financial Intermediary. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives the order. Investors should check with their Financial Intermediary to determine if it is subject to these arrangements.
By Payment In-Kind. In addition to cash purchases, the Fund may, at its discretion, accept the purchase of Fund shares with a payment “in-kind” in the form of shares of stock, bonds or other securities. Generally, any securities used to buy Fund shares must be readily marketable, their acquisition consistent with the Fund’s objective and otherwise acceptable to the Advisor. If you purchase Fund shares in this manner, you will realize a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on each security tendered.
Automatic Investment Plan. (Investor Class Shareholders) For your convenience, the Fund offers an Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”). Under this AIP, after your initial minimum investment of $1,000, you authorize the Fund to withdraw from your personal checking or savings account each month an amount that you wish to invest, which must be at least $50. If you wish to enroll in the AIP, complete the appropriate section on the account application. Your signed account application must be received at least 7 business days prior to the initial transaction. A fee ($25) will be imposed if your AIP transaction is returned for any reason. The Fund may terminate or modify this privilege at any time. You may terminate
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your participation in the AIP at any time by notifying Fund Services sufficiently in advance of the next withdrawal. Please contact your financial institution to determine if it is an ACH member. Your financial institution must be an ACH member in order for you to participate in the AIP.
The AIP is a method of using dollar cost averaging as an investment strategy that involves investing a fixed amount of money at regular time intervals. However, a program of regular investment cannot ensure a profit or protect against a loss as a result of declining markets. By continually investing the same amount, you will be purchasing more shares when the price is low and fewer shares when the price is high. Please call 1-855-681-5261 for additional information regarding the Fund’s AIP.
Retirement Plans. The Fund offers IRA plans. You may obtain information about opening an IRA by calling 1-855-681-5261. If you wish to open another type of retirement plan, please contact your Financial Intermediary.
How to Sell Shares
In general, orders to sell or “redeem” shares may be placed either directly with the Fund, the Transfer Agent or with your Financial Intermediary. You may redeem part or all of your shares at the next determined NAV after the Fund or the Transfer Agent or Financial Intermediary receive your order. You should request your redemption prior to the close of the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, to obtain that day’s closing NAV. Redemption requests received after the close of the NYSE will be treated as though received on the next business day.
By Mail. You may redeem your shares by simply sending in a written request to the transfer agent. You should give your account number and state whether you want all or some of your shares redeemed. The letter should be signed by all of the shareholders whose names appear on the account registration and, if necessary, should include a signature guarantee(s). No redemption request will become effective until all documents have been received in good order by the Transfer Agent. “Good order” means your redemption request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the dollar amount of shares to be redeemed, (3) the account number and (4) signatures by all of the shareholders whose names appear on the account registration. Additional documents are required for certain types of shareholders, such as corporations, partnerships, executors, trustees, administrators, or guardians (i.e., corporate resolutions, or trust documents indicating proper authorization). Shareholders should contact the Transfer Agent at 1-855-681-5261 for further information concerning documentation required for redemption of the Fund’s shares.
Shareholders who have an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their written redemption request whether to withhold federal income tax. Redemption requests failing to indicate an election not to have tax withheld will generally be subject to a 10% withholding tax. Shares held in an IRA account or other retirement plan may be redeemed by telephone at 1-855-681-5261. Investors will be asked whether or not to withhold taxes from any distribution.
You should send your redemption request to:
FOR REGULAR MAIL DELIVERY Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services P.O. Box 701 Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 | FOR OVERNIGHT DELIVERY Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 E. Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, WI 53202 | ||||
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Note: The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. Therefore, deposit in the mail or with such services, or receipt at the Transfer Agent’s post office box of purchase orders or redemption requests does not constitute receipt by the Transfer Agent. Receipt of purchase orders or redemption requests is based on when the order is received at the Transfer Agent’s offices.
By Telephone and by Wire. If you accepted telephone options on the account application, you may redeem the Fund’s shares by telephone. To establish this option after your account is already open, call the Transfer Agent at 1-855-681-5261 for instructions.
You may redeem up to $50,000 in shares by calling the Fund at 1-855-681-5261 prior to the close of trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. Redemption proceeds will be sent via check on the next business day to the address of record on your account. Per your request, redemption proceeds may be wired or may be sent via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network, to your pre-designated bank account. There is a $15 wire charge per wire which will be deducted from your account balance on dollar specific trades or from the proceeds on complete redemptions and share specific trades. There is no charge for proceeds sent via ACH network; however, most ACH transfers require two to three days for the bank account to receive credit. Telephone redemptions cannot be made if you notify the Transfer Agent of a change of address within 30 days before the redemption request.
Before executing an instruction received by telephone, the Transfer Agent will use reasonable procedures to confirm that the telephone instructions are genuine. The telephone call may be recorded and the caller may be asked to verify certain personal identification information. If the Fund or its agents follow these procedures, they cannot be held liable for any loss, expense or cost arising out of any telephone redemption request that is reasonably believed to be genuine. This includes fraudulent or unauthorized requests. The Fund may change, modify or terminate these privileges at any time upon at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders. Once a telephone transaction has been placed, it cannot be canceled or modified after the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time). If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Fund will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or authorized person. During periods of high market activity, you may encounter higher than usual wait times. Please allow sufficient time to ensure that you will be able to complete your telephone transaction prior to market close. You may make your redemption request in writing.
Through a Financial Intermediary. You may redeem the Fund’s shares through your Financial Intermediary. Redemptions made through a Financial Intermediary may be subject to procedures established by that institution. Your Financial Intermediary is responsible for sending your order to the Fund and for crediting your account with the proceeds. For redemption through Financial Intermediaries, orders will be processed at the NAV next effective after receipt of the order by the Financial Intermediary. Please keep in mind that your Financial Intermediary may charge additional fees for its services.
Systematic Withdrawal Program. As another convenience, you may redeem the Fund’s shares through the Systematic Withdrawal Program (“SWP”). Under the SWP, shareholders or their Financial Intermediaries may request that a check drawn in a predetermined amount be sent to them each month or calendar quarter. If you elect this method of redemption, your Fund account must have a value of at least $5,000 and the minimum amount that may be withdrawn each month or quarter is $100. If you elect this method of redemption, the Fund will send a check directly to your address of record, or will send the payments directly to a pre-authorized bank account by electronic funds transfer via the ACH network. For payment through the ACH network, your bank must be a member and your bank account information must be maintained on your Fund account. This SWP may be terminated or modified by a shareholder or
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the Fund at any time without charge or penalty. You may terminate your participation in this SWP at any time by contacting the Transfer Agent sufficiently in advance of the next withdrawal.
A withdrawal under the SWP involves a redemption of the Fund’s shares, and may result in a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In addition, if the amount withdrawn exceeds the dividends credited to your account, the account ultimately may be depleted. To establish the SWP, complete the “Systematic Withdrawal Plan” section of the Fund’s account application. Please call 1-855-681-5261 for additional information regarding the Fund’s SWP.
ACCOUNT AND TRANSACTION POLICIES
Timing of Receiving Redemption Proceeds. The Fund typically sends redemption proceeds on the next business day (a day when the NYSE is open for normal business) after the redemption request is received in good order and prior to market close, regardless of whether the redemption proceeds are sent via check, wire, or automated clearing house (ACH) transfer. Under unusual circumstances, the Fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for up to seven days, as permitted by federal securities law.
The Fund typically expects that it will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Fund may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. In situations in which investment holdings in cash or cash equivalents are not sufficient to meet redemption requests or when the sale of portfolio securities is not sufficient to meet redemption requests, the Fund will typically borrow money through its line of credit. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed market conditions. The Fund reserves the right to pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part through a redemption in-kind as described under “Redemption In-Kind” below. Redemptions in-kind are typically used to meet redemption requests that are a large percentage of the Fund’s net assets in order to minimize the effect of large redemptions on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in-kind may be used regularly in such circumstances and may also be used in stressed market conditions.
Before selling recently purchased shares, please note that if the Transfer Agent has not yet collected payment for the shares you are selling, it may delay sending the proceeds until the payment is collected, which may take up to 15 calendar days from the purchase date. Shareholders can avoid this delay by utilizing the wire purchase option. Furthermore, there are certain times when you may be unable to sell the Fund’s shares or receive proceeds. Specifically, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than three business days (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
Redemption requests will be sent to the address of record. The Fund will not be responsible for interest lost on redemption amounts due to lost or misdirected mail. If the proceeds of redemption are requested to be sent to an address other than the address of record, or if the address of record has been changed within 30 days of the redemption request, the request must be in writing with your signature guaranteed.
Redemption In-Kind. The Fund reserves the right to pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part by a distribution of securities from the Fund’s portfolio (a “redemption in-kind”). It is not expected that the Fund would do so except during unusual market conditions or if the redemption amount is large enough to affect the Fund’s operations (e.g., if it represents more than 1% of the Fund’s assets). If the
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Fund pays your redemption proceeds by a distribution of securities, you could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash and will bear any market risks associated with such securities until they are converted into cash. A redemption in-kind is treated as a taxable transaction and a sale of the redeemed shares, generally resulting in capital gain or loss to you, subject to certain loss limitation rules.
Redemption Fees. The Fund is intended for long-term investors. Short-term “market-timers” that engage in frequent purchases and redemptions can disrupt the Fund’s investment program and create additional transaction costs that are borne by all of the Fund’s shareholders. For these reasons, the Fund will assess a redemption fee of 1.00% on the redemption of Fund shares held for 60 days or less for all Institutional and Investor Class shares. The Fund uses the “first in first out” (“FIFO”) method to determine the holding period; this means that if you purchase shares on different days, the shares you held longest will be redeemed first for purposes of determining whether the short-term trading fee applies. The redemption fee is deducted from your proceeds and is retained by the Fund for the benefit of its long-term shareholders.
This fee does not apply to:
1.shares purchased through reinvested dividends or capital gains;
2.Fund redemptions under the Fund’s SWP;
3.the redemption of shares previously purchased under an AIP;
4.the involuntary redemption of low balance accounts;
5.sales of Fund shares made in connection with non-discretionary portfolio rebalancing associated with certain asset-allocation programs managed by fee-based investment advisors, certain wrap accounts and certain retirement plans;
6.minimum required distributions from retirement accounts;
7.premature distributions from retirement accounts due to the disability or health of the shareholder;
8.redemptions resulting in the settlement of an estate due to the death of the shareholder;
9.conversion of shares from one share class to another in the same Fund;
10.taking out a distribution or loan from a defined contribution plan;
11.to effect, through a redemption and subsequent purchase, an account registration change within the same Fund; or
12.redemptions in connection with charitable investment pool accounts.
The Fund reserves the right to change the terms and amount of this fee upon at least 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
Although the Fund has the goal of applying this redemption fee to most redemptions of shares held for less than the number of days noted above, the Fund may not always be able to track short-term trading effected through Financial Intermediaries in non-disclosed or omnibus accounts. While the Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with such Financial Intermediaries as described under “Tools to Combat Frequent Transactions” which contractually require such Financial Intermediaries to provide the Fund with information relating to its customers investing in the Fund through non-disclosed or omnibus accounts, the Fund cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information provided to them from Financial Intermediaries and may not always be able to track short-term trading effected through these Financial Intermediaries. In addition, because the Fund is required to rely on information provided by the Financial Intermediary as to the applicable redemption fee, the Fund cannot ensure that the Financial Intermediary is always imposing such fee on the underlying shareholder in accordance with the Fund’s policies.
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Low Balance Accounts. The Fund may redeem the shares in your account if the value of your account is less than $1,000 as a result of redemptions you have made. You will then have 30 days in which to make an additional investment to bring the value of your account to at least $1,000.
Signature Guarantees. The Transfer Agent may require a signature guarantee for certain redemption requests. A signature guarantee assures that your signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account redemptions.
A signature guarantee, from either a Medallion program member or a non-Medallion program member, of each owner is required in the following situations:
•For all redemption requests in excess of $50,000;
•When a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent and the account address has changed within the last 30 calendar days;
•When requesting a change in ownership of your account;
•When redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address or bank account not on record.
In addition to the situations described above, the Fund and/or the Transfer Agent may require a signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation. Signature guarantees will generally be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (“STAMP”). A notary public is not an acceptable signature guarantor.
Non-financial transactions, including establishing or modifying certain services on an account, may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or other acceptable form of authentication from a financial institution source. The Fund reserves the right to waive any signature requirement at their discretion.
Householding. In an effort to decrease costs, the Fund intends to reduce the number of duplicate prospectuses, supplements and certain other shareholder documents you receive by sending only one copy to those addresses shared by two or more accounts and to shareholders we reasonably believe are from the same family or household. Once implemented, if you would like to discontinue householding for your accounts, please call toll-free at 1-855-681-5261 to request individual copies of documents. The Fund will begin sending individual copies 30 days after receiving your request. This policy does not apply to account statements.
Unclaimed Property/Lost Shareholder. It is important that the Fund maintain a correct address for each investor. An incorrect address may cause an investor’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to the Fund. Based upon statutory requirements for returned mail, the Fund will attempt to locate the investor or rightful owner of the account. If the Fund is unable to locate the investor, then they will determine whether the investor’s account can legally be considered abandoned. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to your state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s abandoned property laws. The Fund is legally obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The investor’s last known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction. Please proactively contact the Transfer Agent toll free at (855) 681-5261 at least annually to ensure your account remains in active status.
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If you are a resident of the state of Texas, you may designate a representative to receive notifications that, due to inactivity, your mutual fund account assets may be delivered to the Texas Comptroller. Please contact the Transfer Agent if you wish to complete a Texas Designation of Representative form.
TOOLS TO COMBAT FREQUENT TRANSACTIONS
The Fund is intended for long-term investors. Short-term “market-timers” who engage in frequent transactions and redemptions may disrupt the Fund’s investment program and create additional transaction costs that are borne by all shareholders. The Board has adopted a policy regarding excessive trading. The Fund discourages excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm performance. The Fund takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities in the Fund. These steps may include, among other things, monitoring trading activity, imposing redemption fees, if necessary, or using fair value pricing when appropriate, under procedures as adopted by the Board, when the Advisor determines current market prices are not readily available. As approved by the Board, these techniques may change from time to time as determined by the Fund in its sole discretion.
In an effort to discourage abusive trading practices and minimize harm to the Fund and its shareholders, the Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any purchase order, in whole or in part, for any reason (including, without limitation, purchases by persons whose trading activity in the Fund’s shares is believed by the Advisor to be harmful to the Fund) and without prior notice. The Fund may decide to restrict purchase and sale activity in its shares based on various factors, including whether frequent purchase and sale activity will disrupt portfolio management strategies and adversely affect the Fund’s performance or whether the shareholder has conducted four round trip transactions within a 12-month period. Although these efforts are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity will occur. The Fund seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its ability in a manner that it believes is consistent with shareholder interests. Except as noted in the Prospectus, the Fund applies all restrictions uniformly in all applicable cases.
Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying abusive trading activity and the volume of shareholder transactions the Fund handles, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s efforts will identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. In particular, since the Fund receives purchase and sale orders through Financial Intermediaries that use group or omnibus accounts, the Fund cannot always detect frequent trading. However, the Fund will work with Financial Intermediaries as necessary to discourage shareholders from engaging in abusive trading practices and to impose restrictions on excessive trades. In this regard, the Fund has entered into information sharing agreements with Financial Intermediaries pursuant to which these intermediaries are required to provide to the Fund, at its request, certain information relating to its customers investing in the Fund through non-disclosed or omnibus accounts. The Fund will use this information to attempt to identify abusive trading practices. Financial Intermediaries are contractually required to follow any instructions from the Fund to restrict or prohibit future purchases from shareholders that are found to have engaged in abusive trading in violation of the Fund’s policies. However, the Fund cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information provided to it from Financial Intermediaries and cannot ensure that it will always be able to detect abusive trading practices that occur through non-disclosed and omnibus accounts. As a consequence, the Fund’s ability to monitor and discourage abusive trading practices in omnibus accounts may be limited.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Net investment income generally consists of interest income and dividends received on investments, less expenses. Dividends from net investment income are generally made at least annually. Capital gain distributions from net profits from the sale of securities are generally made at least annually.
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The Fund typically distributes any undistributed net investment income, if any, in December. Capital gains distributions, if any, are also normally made in December, but the Fund may make an additional payment of dividends or distributions if it deems it desirable at another time during the year. A dividend or capital gain distribution paid on shares purchased shortly before that dividend or capital gain distribution was declared will be subject to income taxes.
All distributions will be reinvested in the Fund’s shares unless you choose one of the following options: (1) receive dividends in cash, while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; (2) receive all distributions in cash; or (3) reinvest dividends in additional fund shares, while receiving capital gain distributions in cash. Reinvestment of distributions does not avoid or defer taxable income to you. If you elect to receive distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if a check remains uncashed for six months, the Fund reserve the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s then current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions. If you wish to change your distribution option, write or call the Transfer Agent in advance of the payment date for the distribution.
TAX CONSEQUENCES
The Fund has elected and intends to continue to qualify to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax if it distributes its income as required by the tax law and satisfies certain other requirements that are described in the SAI. The Fund intends to operate in a manner such that it generally will not be liable for federal income or excise taxes on its taxable income and capital gains distributed to shareholders.
The Fund intends to make distributions of ordinary income and capital gains. In general, the Fund’s distributions are taxable to you, either as ordinary income or capital gain (unless your investment is through a qualified retirement plan). Dividends are taxable to you as ordinary income or, in certain cases, for non-corporate shareholders, as qualified dividend income, which is taxed for federal purposes at long-term capital gain rates. The Fund’s distributions of short-term capital gains also are taxable to you as ordinary income. The Fund’s distributions of its long-term capital gains are taxable to you for federal tax purposes as long-term capital gains. The rate you pay on capital gains will depend on how long the Fund held the securities that generated the gains, not how long you owned your Fund shares. There is no requirement that the Fund take into consideration any tax implications when implementing its investment strategy. You will be taxed in the same manner whether you receive your dividends and capital gain distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional Fund shares. Shareholders should note that the Fund may make taxable distributions of income and capital gains even when share values have declined.
Distributions and dividends declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December.
Distributions generally reduce the NAV of the Fund’s shares by the amount of the distribution. If you purchase shares prior to a distribution, the distribution will be taxable to you even though economically it may represent a return of your investment.
Sale of your Fund shares is a taxable event for you. Depending on the purchase and sale price of the shares you sell, and any other adjustments to your tax basis for your shares, you may have a gain or a loss on the transaction. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated by your transaction.
By law, the Fund must withhold as backup withholding a percentage (currently 24%) of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds if you do not provide your correct Social Security or taxpayer
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identification number and certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, or if the Internal Revenue Service instructs the Fund to do so.
Non-corporate shareholders whose adjusted gross income for a year exceeds $200,000 for single filers or $250,000 for joint filers generally are subject to a Medicare tax of 3.8% on their net investment income, which includes dividends and capital gains from the Fund.
Additional information concerning the taxation of the Fund and its shareholders is contained in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. Your individual tax situation may be unique; therefore, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
RULE 12b-1 AND OTHER SERVICE FEES
The Fund’s Investor Class shares have adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b‑1 under the 1940 Act. Under the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay the distributor a fee for the sale and distribution of the Fund’s shares and services it provides to shareholders. The maximum amount of the fee authorized is 0.25% of the Fund’s Investor Class shares’ average daily net assets annually. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment in the Fund’s shares and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
In addition to paying fees under the Plan, the Fund may pay service fees to Financial Intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisors or other financial institutions, including affiliates of the Advisor, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.
The Fund has policies and procedures in place for the monitoring of payments to broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries for distribution-related activities and the following non-distribution activities: sub-transfer agent, administrative, and other shareholder servicing services.
The Advisor or distributor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or non-cash compensation to Financial Intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund, including affiliates of the Advisor. Such payments and compensation are in addition to the sales charges (including Rule 12b-1 fees) and service fees paid by the Fund. These additional cash payments are generally made to Financial Intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the Financial Intermediary. Cash compensation may also be paid to Financial Intermediaries for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, in other sales programs or as an expense reimbursement in cases where the Financial Intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor or distributor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.
INDEX DESCRIPTIONS
The Standard and Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500) is a capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks. The index is designed to measure performance of the broad domestic economy through changes in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries.
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The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index that is widely regarded as the standard for measuring U.S. investment grade bond market performance. The 60/40 blend is composed of 60% S&P 500 and 40% BC Agg and assumes monthly rebalancing.
The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index represents securities that are SEC-registered, taxable, and dollar denominated. The index covers the U.S. investment grade fixed rate bond market, with index components for government and corporate securities, mortgage pass-through securities, and asset-backed securities. These major sectors are subdivided into more specific indices that are calculated and reported on a regular basis.
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following tables illustrate the financial performance for the Fund for the fiscal periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. “Total return” illustrates how much your investment in a Fund would have increased or decreased during each period, assuming you had reinvested all dividends and distributions. This information has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Their report and the Fund’s financial statements are included in the Fund’s most recent Annual Report to shareholders.
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Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund
| FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS For a capital share outstanding throughout each year | ||
Investor Class
| Year Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PER SHARE DATA: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, beginning of year | $ | 12.64 | $ | 13.12 | $ | 14.05 | $ | 12.50 | $ | 12.38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income (loss)(a) | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.14 | 0.16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
on investments(b) | 2.49 | 0.07 | (0.68) | 1.64 | (0.04) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total from investment operations | 2.61 | 0.37 | (0.63) | 1.78 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS FROM: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | (0.37) | (0.09) | (0.08) | (0.23) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized gains | — | (0.76) | (0.22) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total distributions | (0.37) | (0.85) | (0.30) | (0.23) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption fee per share | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of year | $ | 14.88 | $ | 12.64 | $ | 13.12 | $ | 14.05 | $ | 12.50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return | 21.19 | % | 2.92 | % | -4.60 | % | 14.48 | % | 0.97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 4,021 | $ | 4,550 | $ | 6,559 | $ | 7,331 | $ | 6,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| RATIO OF EXPENSES TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of you (in thousands.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense reimbursement/recoupment | 2.48 | % | 2.38 | % | 2.39 | % | 2.20 | % | 2.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
After expense reimbursement/recoupment | 2.31 | % | 2.22 | % | 2.26 | % | 2.06 | % | 2.03 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of dividends, interest and borrowing expense on securities sold short to average net assets | 0.51 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.46 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.23 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of operational expenses to average net assets excluding dividends, interest, and borrowing expense on securities sold short | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | 1.80 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets | 0.92 | % | 2.42 | % | 0.36 | % | 0.99 | % | 1.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate | 237 | % | 303 | % | 253 | % | 101 | % | 136 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the year.
(b)Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the years, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the year.
(c)Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
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Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund
| FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS For a capital share outstanding throughout each year | ||
Institutional Class
| Year Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PER SHARE DATA: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, beginning of year | $ | 12.86 | $ | 13.34 | $ | 14.27 | $ | 12.70 | $ | 12.55 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income(a) | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
on investments(b) | 2.53 | 0.07 | (0.70) | 1.67 | (0.05) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total from investment operations | 2.68 | 0.41 | (0.61) | 1.84 | 0.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS FROM: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | (0.41) | (0.13) | (0.10) | (0.27) | (0.00) | (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net realized gains | — | (0.76) | (0.22) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total distributions | (0.41) | (0.89) | (0.32) | (0.27) | (0.00) | (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redemption fee per share | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | 0.00 | (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of year | $ | 15.13 | $ | 12.86 | $ | 13.34 | $ | 14.27 | $ | 12.70 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return | 21.45 | % | 3.24 | % | -4.41 | % | 14.83 | % | 1.21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of year (in thousands) | $ | 147,000 | $ | 138,126 | $ | 184,615 | $ | 137,520 | $ | 116,654 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| RATIO OF EXPENSES TO AVERAGE NET ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before expense reimbursement/recoupment | 2.24 | % | 2.13 | % | 2.15 | % | 1.95 | % | 2.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
After expense reimbursement/recoupment | 2.06 | % | 1.97 | % | 2.03 | % | 1.81 | % | 1.77 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of dividends, interest and borrowing expense on securities sold short to average net assets | 0.51 | % | 0.42 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of operational expenses to average net assets excluding dividends, interest, and borrowing expense on securities sold short | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | 1.55 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets | 1.09 | % | 2.67 | % | 0.68 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.60 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate | 237 | % | 303 | % | 253 | % | 101 | % | 136 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the year.
(b)Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the years, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the year.
(c)Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
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PRIVACY NOTICE
The Fund collects non-public information about you from the following sources:
•Information we receive about you on applications or other forms;
•Information you give us orally; and
•Information about your transactions with us or others.
We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our customers or former customers without the customer’s authorization, except as permitted by law or in response to inquiries from governmental authorities. We may share information with affiliated and unaffiliated third parties with whom we have contracts for servicing the Fund. We will provide unaffiliated third parties with only the information necessary to carry out their assigned responsibilities. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards to guard your non-public personal information and require third parties to treat your non-public personal information with the same high degree of confidentiality.
In the event that you hold shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, including, but not limited to, a broker-dealer, bank, or trust company, the privacy policy of your financial intermediary would govern how your non-public personal information would be shared by those entities with unaffiliated third parties.
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Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund
| Advisor | Otter Creek Advisors, LLC 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500 Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408 | Custodian | U.S. Bank National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 | ||||||||
| Transfer Agent, Index Receipt Agent, and Administrator | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 | Distributor | Quasar Distributors, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101 | ||||||||
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Tait, Weller & Baker LLP Two Liberty Place, 50 South 16th Street, Suite 2900 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 | Legal Counsel | Sullivan & Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas 19th Floor New York, New York 10020 | ||||||||
Investors may find more information about the Fund in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): The Fund’s SAI provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated into this Prospectus by reference. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual and Semi‑Annual Reports and Form N-CSR: Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi‑annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. The Fund’s annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that affected the Fund’s performance during the Fund’s last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can obtain a free copy of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Fund by contacting the Fund at: Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or calling 1-855-681-5261.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund is also available:
•Free of charge from the Fund’s website at www.ottercreekfunds.com.
•Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
•For a fee, by email request to [email protected].
OK-PRO
(The Trust’s SEC Investment Company Act file number is 811‑05037.)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 28, 2025
OTTER CREEK LONG/SHORT OPPORTUNITY FUND
Institutional Class – Ticker: OTTRX
Investor Class – Ticker: OTCRX
11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408
1-855-681-5261
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and it should be read in conjunction with the related Prospectus (dated February 28, 2025) of the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund, (the “Fund”), a series of Professionally Managed Portfolios (the “Trust”). Otter Creek Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”) is the advisor to the Fund. A copy of the Prospectus is available on the Advisor’s website at www.ottercreekfunds.com or by calling the number listed above.
The Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders is available, without charge, upon request by calling the number listed above. The financial statements, accompanying notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm appearing in the annual report are incorporated into this SAI by reference to the Fund’s annual report as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund’s Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. A free copy of the Prospectus or Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR can be obtained by writing the transfer agent at U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701, or by calling Shareholder Services at 1-855-681-5261.
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| A-1 | |||||
| B-1 | |||||
2
THE TRUST
The Trust is a Massachusetts business trust organized on February 24, 1987 and is registered with the SEC as an open-end management investment company. Prior to May 1991, the Trust was known as the Avondale Investment Trust. The Trust’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) permits the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest, without par value, which may be issued in any number of series. The Trust consists of various series that represent separate investment portfolios. The Board may from time to time issue other series, the assets and liabilities of which will be separate and distinct from any other series. This SAI relates only to the Fund.
The shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. However, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust.
The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of Fund assets for any shareholder held personally liable for obligations of the Fund or the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Fund or the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon. All such rights are limited to the assets of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. However, the activities of the Trust as an investment company would not likely give rise to liabilities in excess of the Trust’s total assets. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance exists and the Fund themselves are unable to meet their obligations.
The Fund commenced operations on December 30, 2013. The Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI are a part of the Trust’s Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of the Trust’s complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee or may be accessed free of charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The Fund is a series of the Trust. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust for purposes of investment and investor services, nor do they share the same investment advisor with any other series of the Trust. The Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI are a part of the Trust’s Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of the Trust’s complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee or may be accessed free of charge at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
The Fund is managed by Otter Creek Advisors, LLC, a privately owned Florida corporation that became an SEC registered investment adviser in 2014. Prior to February 27, 2015, the Fund was managed by an affiliate of the Advisor, Otter Creek Management, Inc., a privately owned Delaware corporation that became an SEC registered investment adviser in 2003.
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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies as set forth in the Prospectus. There can be no assurance the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund may invest in the following types of investments as indicated, each of which is subject to certain risks, as discussed below.
The Fund is diversified. This means that for 75% of its total assets, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of a single issuer or hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting shares of a single issuer. Under applicable federal securities laws, the diversification of a mutual fund’s holdings is measured at the time a fund purchases a security. However, if a fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by a fund, the fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers. Accordingly, a fund would be subject to the risk that its performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few securities despite the fund qualifying as a diversified fund under applicable federal securities laws.
Market and Regulatory Risk
Events in the financial markets and economy may cause volatility and uncertainty and affect performance. Such adverse effect on performance could include a decline in the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, unusually high and unanticipated levels of redemptions, an increase in portfolio turnover, a decrease in net asset value (“NAV”), and an increase in Fund expenses. It may also be unusually difficult to identify both investment risks and opportunities, in which case investment objectives may not be met. Market events may affect a single issuer, industry, sector, or the market as a whole. Traditionally liquid investments may experience periods of diminished liquidity. During a general downturn in the financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value and the Fund may lose value. It is impossible to predict whether or for how long such market events will continue, particularly if they are unprecedented, unforeseen or widespread events or conditions, pandemics, epidemics and other similar circumstances in one or more countries or regions. Therefore it is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply and for extended periods, and you could lose money.
Governmental and regulatory actions, including tax law changes, may also impair portfolio management and have unexpected or adverse consequences on particular markets, strategies, or investments. Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are affecting many aspects of financial regulation, and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. In addition, economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic and financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.
Special Risks Related to Cyber Security
The Fund and its service providers are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Fund and its service providers use to service the Fund’s operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. Cyber-attacks against or security breakdowns of the Fund or
4
its service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions; inability to calculate the Fund’s NAV; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Fund’s investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Fund or its service providers will not suffer losses relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches in the future.
Equity Securities
The Fund may invest in equity securities consistent with its investment objective and strategies. Common stocks, preferred stocks and convertible securities are examples of equity securities in which the Fund may invest.
All investments in equity securities are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles and the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may fluctuate substantially from day to day. Owning an equity security can also subject the Fund to the risk that the issuer may discontinue paying dividends.
To the extent the Fund invests in the equity securities of small- and medium-sized companies, they will be exposed to the risks of small- and medium-sized companies. Such companies often have narrower markets for their goods and/or services and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. Furthermore, those companies often have limited product lines, or services, markets, or financial resources, or are dependent on a small management group. In addition, because these stocks are not well-known to the investing public, do not have significant institutional ownership, and are followed by relatively few security analysts, there will normally be less publicly available information concerning these securities compared to what is available for the securities of larger companies. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether based on fundamental analysis, can decrease the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio.
Common Stock
A common stock represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company and its value is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. In addition to the general risks set forth above, investments in common stocks are subject to the risk that in the event a company in which the Fund invests is liquidated, the holders of preferred stock and creditors of that company will be paid in full before any payments are made to the Fund as a holder of common stock. It is possible that all assets of that company will be exhausted before any payments are made to the Fund.
Initial Public Offerings
Securities issued in initial public offerings (“IPOs”) are often issued by unseasoned companies that have the risks of smaller capitalization companies. Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and information about the companies may be available for very limited periods. Securities issued in an IPO frequently are very volatile in price, and the Fund may hold securities purchased in an IPO for a very short period of time. As a result, the Fund’s investments in IPOs may increase portfolio turnover, which increases brokerage and administrative costs and may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.
5
At any particular time or from time to time the Fund may not be able to invest in securities issued in IPOs, or invest to the extent desired because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may be made available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market conditions a relatively small number of companies may issue securities in IPOs. Similarly, as the number of investors to which IPO securities are allocated increases, the number of securities issued to any one investor may decrease. The investment performance of the Fund during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when it is able to do so. In addition, as the Fund increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the Fund’s performance will generally decrease. There can be no assurance that investments in IPOs will improve the Fund’s performance.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stocks are equity securities that often pay dividends at a specific rate and have a preference over common stocks in dividend payments and liquidation of assets. A preferred stock has a blend of the characteristics of a bond and common stock. Preferred stock generally does not carry voting rights. It can offer the higher yield of a bond and has priority over common stock in equity ownership, but does not have the seniority of a bond and, unlike common stock, its participation in the issuer’s growth may be limited. Although the dividend is set at a fixed annual rate, in some circumstances it can be changed or omitted by the issuer.
Rights and Warrants
The Fund may invest in rights or warrants. Rights and warrants entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time. Rights and warrants may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments in that they do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities that may be purchased nor do they represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of a right or warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a right or warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to the expiration date.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities (such as debt securities or preferred stock) may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible stock matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock. However, the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security. In addition to the general risk associated with equity securities discussed above, the market value of convertible securities is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provisions. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than nonconvertible debt securities of similar quality, they do enable the investor to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.
Foreign Securities
The Fund may invest in U.S. dollar denominated foreign securities American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and foreign equity securities. In determining whether a company is foreign, the Advisor will consider various factors including where the company is headquartered, where the company’s principal operations are located, where the company’s revenues are derived, where the principal trading market is located and the country
6
in which the company is legally organized. The weight given to each of these factors will vary depending upon the circumstances. Investments in foreign securities may involve a greater degree of risk than those in domestic securities.
American Depositary Receipts, European Depositary Receipts and Global Depositary Receipts. These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities for which they may be exchanged. These are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution. Designed for use in U.S. securities markets, ADRs are alternatives to the purchase of the underlying securities in their national market and currencies, while EDRs and GDRs are European and Global receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be purchased through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the depositary security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts of the deposited securities.
Investing in foreign securities involves certain risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of domestic issuers. Foreign securities markets have, for the most part, substantially less volume than the U.S. markets and securities of many foreign companies are generally less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of U.S. companies. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign exchanges, brokers and issuers than in the U.S. The rights of investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. issuers and the Fund may have greater difficulty taking appropriate legal action to enforce its rights in a foreign court than in a U.S. court. Investing in foreign securities also involves risks associated with government, economic, monetary, and fiscal policies (such as the adoption of protectionist trade measures), possible foreign withholding taxes on dividends and interest payable to the Fund, possible taxes on trading profits, inflation, and interest rates, economic expansion or contraction, and global or regional political, economic or banking crises. Furthermore, there is the risk of possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of the foreign issuer or foreign deposits and the possible adoption of foreign government restrictions such as exchange controls. Also, foreign issuers are not necessarily subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers and as a result, there may be less publicly available information on such foreign issuers than is available from a domestic issuer.
In addition, the Fund may invest in foreign securities of companies that are located in developing or emerging markets. Investing in securities of issuers located in these markets may pose greater risks not typically associated with investing in more established markets such as increased risk of social, political and economic instability. Emerging market countries typically have smaller securities markets than developed countries and therefore less liquidity and greater price volatility than more developed markets. Securities traded in emerging markets may also be subject to risks associated with the lack of modern technology, poor infrastructures, the lack of capital base to expand business operations and the inexperience of financial intermediaries, custodians and transfer agents. Emerging market countries are also more likely to impose restrictions on the repatriation of an investor’s assets and even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation, the mechanics of repatriations may delay or impede the Fund’s ability to obtain possession of its assets. As a result, there may be an increased risk or price volatility associated with the Fund’s investments in emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations.
Dividends and interest payable on the Fund’s foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding tax. The Fund may also be subject to foreign taxes on its trading profits. Some countries may also impose a transfer or stamp duty on certain securities transactions. The imposition of these taxes will
7
increase the cost to the Fund of investing in those countries that impose these taxes. To the extent that, as anticipated, such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions available to shareholders in the Fund under U.S. tax law, they will reduce the net return to the Fund’s shareholders. It is not anticipated that the Fund will be eligible to pass through to shareholders a federal tax credit or federal tax deduction related to any foreign taxes borne by the Fund.
To the extent the Fund invests in securities denominated in foreign currencies, the Fund will be subject to the risk that a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets denominated in that currency. Investing in foreign denominated securities may also result in transaction costs incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. In addition, only a limited market currently exists for hedging transactions relating to currencies in certain emerging markets and securities transactions undertaken in foreign markets may not be settled promptly, subjecting the Fund to the risk of fluctuating currency exchange rates pending settlement.
Brexit
The United Kingdom formally left the European Union (“EU”) on January 31, 2020 (a measure commonly referred to as “Brexit”). Following the withdrawal, in December 2020, the United Kingdom and the EU entered into a new trading relationship. The agreement allows for continued trading free of tariffs, but institutes other new requirements for trading between the United Kingdom and the EU. Even with a new trading relationship having been established, Brexit could continue to affect European or worldwide political, regulatory, economic, or market conditions. There is the possibility that there will continue to be considerable uncertainty about the potential impact of these developments on United Kingdom, European and global economies and markets. There is also the possibility of withdrawal movements within other EU countries and the possibility of additional political, economic and market uncertainty and instability. Brexit and any similar developments may have negative effects on economies and markets, such as increased volatility and illiquidity and potentially lower economic growth in the United Kingdom, EU and globally, which may adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments. Whether or not a Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could result in losses to the Fund, as there may be negative effects on the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and/or the Fund’s ability to enter into certain transactions.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including money market mutual funds, in accordance with the limitations established under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
The Fund currently intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies so that not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company (other than money market funds) will be owned by the Fund, or its affiliated persons, as a whole. In addition to the advisory and operational fees the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear its pro rata portions of each other investment company’s advisory and operational expenses.
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies. The acquisition of shares by the Fund in other
8
registered investment companies is therefore subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by Rule and/or an exemptive order obtained by the other registered investment companies that permits the Fund to invest in the other registered investment companies beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the Fund enter into an agreement with the other registered investment companies regarding the terms of the investment.
In accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 of the 1940 Act, the provisions of Section 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Fund if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Fund and all affiliated persons of the Fund; and (ii) the Fund is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price including a sales load or service fee that exceeds the limits set forth in Rule 2341 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) applicable to a fund of funds (e.g., 8.5%).
Additionally, Rule 12d1-4 permits funds to invest in other investment companies without an exemptive order, subject to certain conditions, including limits on control and voting of acquired funds’ shares, evaluations, and findings by investment advisers, fund investment agreements, and limits on most three-tier fund structures.
Exchange-Traded Funds
The Fund may invest in Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). ETFs are typically open-end investment companies that are bought and sold on a national securities exchange. An ETF is similar to a traditional mutual fund, but trades at different prices during the day on a security exchange like a stock. Similar to investments in other investment companies discussed above, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will involve duplication of advisory fees and other expenses since the Fund will be investing in another investment company. In addition, the Fund’s investment in ETFs is also subject to its limitations on investments in investment companies discussed above. To the extent the Fund invests in ETFs which focus on a particular market segment or industry, the Fund will also be subject to the risks associated with investing in those sectors or industries. The shares of the ETFs in which the Fund will invest will be listed on a national securities exchange and the Fund will purchase or sell these shares on the secondary market at its current market price, which may be more or less than its net asset value per share (“NAV”). Investors in the Fund should be aware that index-based ETFs are subject to “tracking risk,” which is the risk that an ETF will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the index it tracks.
As a purchaser of ETF shares on the secondary market, the Fund will be subject to the market risk associated with owning any security whose value is based on market price. ETF shares historically have tended to trade at or near their NAV, but there is no guarantee that they will continue to do so. Unlike traditional mutual funds, shares of an ETF may be purchased and redeemed directly from the ETFs only in large blocks and only through participating organizations that have entered into contractual agreements with the ETF. The Fund does not expect to enter into such agreements and therefore will not be able to purchase and redeem its ETF shares directly from the ETFs’ issuers.
Money Market Mutual Funds
The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of daily cash positions or for temporary defensive purposes. Money market mutual funds are regulated investment companies under the 1940 Act and the Fund will invest in money market funds in accordance with applicable rules and regulations with respect to investments in other investment companies. Please note that in addition to the advisory and operational fees the Fund pays in connection with its own operations,
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to the extent the Fund invests in money market funds, the Fund will also bear its pro rata portion of each such money market fund’s fees and expenses.
Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, as such term is defined by Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act. The Fund may not invest in illiquid investments if, as a result of such investment, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets would be invested in illiquid investments. Illiquid investments include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets. The inability of the Fund to dispose of illiquid investments readily or at a reasonable price could impair the Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes. The liquidity of securities purchased by the Fund that are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, except for certain 144A bonds, will be monitored by the Fund on an ongoing basis. In the event that more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets are invested in illiquid investments, the Fund, in accordance with Rule 22e-4(b)(1)(iv), will report the occurrence to both the Board and the SEC and seek to reduce its holdings of illiquid investments within a reasonable period of time.
Short Sales
The Fund may engage in short sales of securities, provided the securities are fully listed on a national securities exchange. In a short sale, the Fund sells a security it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. This price may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. The Fund will incur a loss on a short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest or expenses the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
The Fund is required to comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act with respect to its short sale borrowings, which are considered derivatives transactions under Rule 18f-4. See “Regulation of Derivatives and Certain Other Transactions” below.
The dollar amount of short sales at any one time (not including short sales against the box) may not exceed 100% of the net assets of the Fund, and it is expected that normally the dollar amount of such sales will not exceed 75% of the net assets of the Fund.
Fixed Income Securities
General
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in fixed income securities. Examples of such securities are described below.
Government Agency Securities
Government agency securities, often called agencies, are indirect obligations of the U.S. government, and are issued by federal agencies and government-sponsored corporations under authority from Congress. Government agency securities may be backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government, which is the case with Government National Mortgage Association and Small Business Administration certificates, but are more often issued or guaranteed by the sponsoring agency. Examples
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of government agency securities include Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Federal Farm Credit System Banks.
Government-Sponsored Enterprises
Government-sponsored enterprises are characterized as being privately owned and publicly chartered. These enterprises were created by the U.S. government to help certain important sectors of the economy reduce their borrowing costs. The U.S. government does not directly back government sponsored enterprise securities, although in some instances, government-sponsored enterprise securities may benefit from indirect support. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are examples of government-sponsored enterprise securities. On September 6, 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Authority (“FHFA”), an agency of the U.S. government, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship under its authority with the stated purpose to preserve and conserve each entity’s assets and property, and to put each entity in a sound and solvent condition. The effect that this conservatorship will have on these entities’ debt and equities is unclear and no assurance can be given that any steps taken by the FHFA or the U.S. Treasury or any other agency of the U.S. government with respect to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac will succeed. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have each been and remain the subject of investigations by federal regulators over certain accounting matters. Such investigations, and any resulting restatements, may adversely affect these entities and, as a result, the payment of principal or interest on securities they issue.
Risks Associated with Investing in U.S. Government Securities
The U.S. government is considered to be the best credit-rated issuer in the debt markets. Since Treasury securities are direct obligations of the U.S. government, there is minimal credit risk. While most other government-sponsored securities are not direct obligations of the U.S. government (although some are guaranteed by the U.S. government), they also offer little credit risk.
However, another type of risk that may affect the Fund is market and/or interest rate risk. For example, debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market value of U.S. government securities generally varies inversely with changes in market interest rates. An increase in interest rates, therefore, would generally reduce the market value of any U.S. government security held by the Fund, while a decline in interest rates would generally increase the market value of such investment.
Asset-Backed Securities
Asset-backed securities include pools of mortgages, loans, receivables or other assets. Payment of principal and interest may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities, and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The value of asset-backed securities may also be affected by the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the loans or receivables, or the financial institution(s) providing the credit support.
Mortgage-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in securities that directly or indirectly represent participations in, or are collateralized by, payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property (“Mortgage-Backed Securities”).
Mortgage-Backed Securities represent pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and government-related organizations such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as by nongovernmental issuers such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, mortgage bankers, and
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private mortgage insurance companies. Although certain Mortgage-Backed Securities are guaranteed by a third party or otherwise similarly secured, the market value of the security, which may fluctuate, is not so secured. If the Advisor purchases a Mortgage-Backed Security at a premium, that portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying mortgage collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. However, though the value of a Mortgage-Backed Security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the securities are prone to prepayment. For this and other reasons, a Mortgage-Backed Security’s stated maturity may be shortened by unscheduled prepayments on the underlying mortgages and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the securities’ return to the Fund. In addition, regular payments received in respect of Mortgage-Backed Securities include both interest and principal. No assurance can be given as to the return the Fund will receive when these amounts are reinvested.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue Mortgage-Backed Securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-Backed Securities issued by Ginnie Mae include Ginnie Mae Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae. This guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned U.S. government Corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae certificates also are supported by the authority of Ginnie Mae to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee. Mortgage-Backed Securities issued by Fannie Mae include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Maes”) which are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae. Fannie Maes are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States. Fannie Mae is a government sponsored organization. Mortgage-Backed Securities issued by Freddie Mac include Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Mac PCs”). Freddie Macs are solely the obligations of Freddie Mac and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States.
In 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed into conservatorship by their new regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”). Simultaneously, the U.S. Treasury made a commitment of indefinite duration to maintain the positive net worth of both firms. As conservator, the FHFA has the authority to repudiate any contract either firm has entered into prior to the FHFA’s appointment as conservator (or receiver should either firm go into default) if the FHFA, in its sole discretion determines that performance of the contract is burdensome and repudiation would promote the orderly administration of Fannie Mae’s or Freddie Mac’s affairs. While the FHFA has indicated that it does not intend to repudiate the guaranty obligations of either entity, doing so could adversely affect holders of their mortgage-backed securities. For example, if a contract were repudiated, the liability for any direct compensatory damages would accrue to the entity’s conservatorship estate and could only be satisfied to the extent the estate had available assets. As a result, if interest payments on Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities held by the fund were reduced because underlying borrowers failed to make payments or such payments were not advanced by a loan servicer, the fund’s only recourse might be against the conservatorship estate, which might not have sufficient assets to offset any shortfalls.
The FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has the power to transfer or sell any asset or liability of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. The FHFA has indicated it has no current intention to do this; however, should it do so a holder of a Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage-backed security would have to rely on another party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligations and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
Certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac under their operative documents may not be enforceable against the FHFA, or enforcement may be
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delayed during the course of the conservatorship or any future receivership. For example, the operative documents may provide that upon the occurrence of an event of default by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, holders of a requisite percentage of the mortgage-backed security may replace the entity as trustee. However, under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008, holders may not enforce this right if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed.
The Fund may also invest in Mortgage-Backed Securities which are collateralized mortgage obligations structured on pools of mortgage pass-through certificates or mortgage loans (“CFOs” and “REMICs”) and derivative multiple-class mortgage-backed securities (“Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities” or “SMBSs”).
Concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the mortgage market and a declining real estate market have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets going forward, and have contributed to dramatic declines in the housing market, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions in the recent past. The continuation or worsening of this general economic downturn may lead to further declines in income from, or the value of, real estate, including the real estate which secures the mortgage-related securities held by the Fund. Additionally, a lack of credit liquidity and decreases in the value of real property have occurred and may continue to occur or worsen, and potentially prevent borrowers from refinancing their mortgages, which may increase the likelihood of default on their mortgage loans.
These economic conditions may also adversely affect the amount of proceeds the holder of a mortgage loan or mortgage-related securities would realize in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies. Moreover, even if such mortgage-related securities are performing as anticipated, their value in the secondary market may fall or continue to fall as a result of deterioration in general market conditions for such securities or other asset-backed or structured products. Trading activity associated with market indices may also drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on mortgage-related securities, thereby resulting in a decrease in the value of such mortgage-related securities. Mortgage loans backing non-agency mortgage-related securities are more sensitive to economic factors that could affect the ability of borrowers to pay their obligations under the mortgage loans backing these securities. These economic conditions may reduce the cash flow that the Fund investing in such mortgage-related securities receives from such securities and increase the incidence and severity of credit events and losses in respect of such securities. In addition, interest rate spreads for mortgage-backed securities have widened and are more volatile when compared to the recent past due to these adverse changes in market conditions. In the event that interest rate spreads for mortgage-related securities continue to widen following the purchase of such assets by the Fund, the market value of such securities is likely to decline and, in the case of a substantial spread widening, could decline by a substantial amount. Furthermore, these adverse changes in market conditions have resulted in a severe liquidity crisis in the market for mortgage-backed securities (including the mortgage-related securities in which certain of the Fund may invest) and increasing unwillingness by banks, financial institutions and investors to extend credit to servicers, originators and other participants in the mortgage-related securities market for these securities and other asset-backed securities. As a result, the liquidity and/or the market value of any mortgage-related securities that are owned by the Fund may experience further declines after they are purchased by the Fund. The recent rise in the rate of foreclosures of properties has resulted in legislative, regulatory and enforcement actions seeking to prevent or restrict foreclosures. Actions have also been brought against issuers and underwriters of residential mortgage-backed securities collateralized by such residential mortgage loans and investors in such residential mortgage-backed securities. Future legislative or regulatory initiatives by federal, state or local legislative bodies or administrative agencies, if enacted or adopted, could delay foreclosure or the exercise of other remedies, provide new defenses to foreclosure, or otherwise impair the ability of the loan servicer to foreclose or realize on a defaulted residential mortgage loan included in a pool of residential mortgage loans backing such residential mortgage-backed securities. The nature or extent of any future limitations on foreclosure or exercise of other remedies that may be enacted is
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uncertain. Governmental actions that interfere with the foreclosure process, for example, could increase the costs of such foreclosures or exercise of other remedies, delay the timing or reduce the amount of recoveries on defaulted residential mortgage loans and securities backed by such residential mortgage loans owned by the Fund, and could adversely affect the yields on the mortgage-related securities owned by the Fund and could have the effect of reducing returns to the Fund that has invested in mortgage‑related securities collateralized by these residential mortgage loans.
Structured Securities
Structured securities employ a trust or other similar structure to modify the maturity, price characteristics or quality of financial assets. For example, structural features can be used to modify the maturity of a security or interest rate adjustment features can be used to enhance price stability. If the structure does not perform as intended, adverse tax or investment consequences may result. Neither the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) nor any other regulatory authority has ruled definitively on certain legal issues presented by structured securities. Future tax or other regulatory determinations could adversely affect the value, liquidity or tax treatment of the income received from these securities or the nature and timing of distributions made by the Fund. The payment of principal and interest on structured securities may be largely dependent on the cash flows generated by the underlying financial assets.
Variable or Floating Rate Securities
Variable or floating rate securities provide for periodic adjustments of the interest rate paid. Variable rate securities provide for a specific periodic adjustment in the interest rate, while floating rate securities have interest rates that change whenever there is a change in a designated benchmark rate. Some variable or floating rate securities have put features.
Indexed Securities
The Fund may purchase securities whose prices are indexed to the prices of other securities, securities indices, currencies, precious metals or other commodities, or other financial indicators. Indexed securities typically, but not always, are debt securities or deposits whose value at maturity or coupon rate is determined by reference to a specific instrument or statistic. Gold-indexed securities, for example, typically provide for a maturity value that depends on the price of gold, resulting in a security whose price tends to rise and fall together with gold prices. Currency-indexed securities typically are short-term to intermediate-term debt securities whose maturity values or interest rates are determined by reference to the values of one or more specified foreign currencies, and may offer higher yields than U.S. dollar-denominated securities of equivalent issuers. Currency-indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed; that is, their maturity value may increase when the specified currency value increases, resulting in a security that performs similarly to a foreign-denominated instrument, or their maturity value may decline when foreign currencies increase, resulting in a security whose price characteristics are similar to a put on the underlying currency. Currency-indexed securities may also have prices that depend on the value of a number of different foreign currencies relative to each other.
The performance of indexed securities depends to a great extent on the performance of the security, currency, or other instrument to which they are indexed, and may also be influenced by interest rate changes in the United States and abroad. At the same time, indexed securities are subject to the credit risks associated with the issuer of the security, and their values may decline substantially if the issuer’s creditworthiness deteriorates. Recent issuers of indexed securities have included banks, corporations, and certain U.S. government agencies. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments.
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Stripped Securities
The Fund may purchase separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the Federal book entry system, known as Separately Traded Registered Interest and Principal Securities (“STRIPS”) and Coupon Under Book Entry Safekeeping (“CUBES”). These instruments are issued by banks and brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. Treasury notes and U.S. Treasury bonds into a special account at a custodian bank; the custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owner of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. Receipts include Treasury Receipts (“TRs”), Treasury Investment Growth Receipts (“TIGRs”) and Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities (“CATS”).
STRIPS, CUBES, TRs, TIGRs and CATS are sold as zero coupon securities, which mean that they are sold at a substantial discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. This discount is amortized over the life of the security, and such amortization will constitute the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, these securities may be subject to greater interest rate volatility than interest-paying U.S. Treasury obligations. Bonds issued by the Resolution Funding Corporation (“REFCORP”) can also be stripped in this fashion. REFCORP Strips are eligible investments for the Fund.
Zero Coupon Bonds
The Fund may purchase zero coupon bonds. Zero coupon bonds are purchased at a discount from the face amount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a fixed payment on a certain date in the future and does not receive any periodic interest payments. The effect of owning instruments which do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at the same rate eliminates the risk of being unable to reinvest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yields on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, zero coupon bonds are subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities which pay interest currently, whose fluctuation increases the longer the period of maturity. Although zero coupon bonds do not pay interest to holders prior to maturity, U.S. federal income tax law requires the Fund to recognize as interest income a portion of the bond’s discount each year and this income must then be distributed to shareholders along with other income earned by the Fund. To the extent that any shareholders in the Fund elect to receive their dividends in cash rather than reinvest such dividends in additional shares, cash to make these distributions will have to be provided from the assets of the Fund or other sources such as proceeds of sales of Fund shares and/or sales of portfolio securities. In such cases, the Fund will not be able to purchase additional income producing securities with cash used to make such distributions and its current income may ultimately be reduced as a result.
Lower-Rated Debt Securities
The Fund may purchase lower-rated debt securities, commonly referred to as “junk bonds” (those rated below the fourth highest grade by NRSRO) and non-rated securities judged by the Advisor to be of equivalent quality), that have poor protection with respect to the payment of interest and repayment of principal, or that may be in default. These securities are often considered to be speculative and involve greater risk of loss or price changes due to changes in the issuer’s capacity to pay. The market prices of lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more than those of higher-rated debt securities and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty, which may follow periods of rising interest rates.
The market for lower-rated debt securities may be thinner and less active than that for higher-rated debt securities, which can adversely affect the prices at which the former are sold. If market
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quotations are not available, lower-rated debt securities will be valued in accordance with procedures established by the Board, including the use of outside pricing services. Judgment plays a greater role in valuing high-yield corporate debt securities than is the case for securities for which more external sources for quotations and last-sale information are available. Adverse publicity and changing investor perceptions may affect the ability of outside pricing services to value lower-rated debt securities and the Fund’s ability to sell these securities.
Since the risk of default is higher for lower-rated debt securities, the Advisor’s research and credit analysis are an especially important part of managing securities of this type held by the Fund. In considering investments for the Fund, the Advisor will attempt to identify those issuers of high-yielding debt securities whose financial condition are adequate to meet future obligations, have improved, or is expected to improve in the future. The analysis focuses on relative values based on such factors as interest or dividend coverage, asset coverage, earnings prospects, and the experience and managerial strength of the issuer.
The Fund may choose, at its expense or in conjunction with others, to pursue litigation or otherwise exercise its right as security holder to seek to protect the interests of security holders if it determines this to be in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders.
Loans and Other Debt Instruments
Loans and other direct debt instruments are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to another party. They may represent amounts owed to lenders or lending syndicates (loans and loan participation), to suppliers of goods or services (trade claims or other receivables), or to other parties. Direct debt instruments involve a risk of loss in case of default or insolvency of the borrower and may offer less legal protection to the Fund in the event of fraud or misrepresentation. In addition, loan participations involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other financial intermediary. Direct debt instruments may also include standby financing commitments that obligate the Fund to supply additional cash to the borrower on demand.
Real Estate-Related Investments
Real estate-related instruments include real estate investment trusts, commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities, and real estate financings. Real estate-related instruments are sensitive to factors such as real estate values, property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, overbuilding, and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Real estate-related instruments may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements, such as those relating to the environment.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase and the Fund’s agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund’s rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
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Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund reserves the right to borrow funds for temporary purposes by entering into reverse repurchase agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment restrictions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and agree to repurchase the securities at the mutually agreed-upon date and price. The Fund would enter into reverse repurchase agreements only to avoid otherwise selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits the Fund to enter into reverse repurchase agreements, provided that the Fund treats the reverse repurchase agreements as either (1) borrowings subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act (see “Borrowing” below) or (2) derivatives transactions under Rule 18f-4 (see “Regulation of Derivatives and Certain Other Transactions” below).
The use of reverse repurchase agreements by the Fund creates leverage which increases the Fund’s investment risk. If the income and gains on securities purchased with the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements exceed the cost of the agreements, the Fund’s earnings or net asset value will increase faster than otherwise would be the case. Conversely, if the income and gains fail to exceed the costs, earnings or net asset value would decline faster than otherwise would be the case. The Fund will seek to enter reverse repurchase agreements only when the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction is greater than the interest expense of the transaction. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities.
Borrowing
Currently, the 1940 Act permits a Fund to borrow money from banks in amounts of up to one-third of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed). To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, a Fund may also borrow an additional 5% of its total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as the clearance of portfolio transactions. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires a Fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of a Fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Borrowing money to increase a Fund’s investment portfolio is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of a Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, a Fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Fund’s net investment income in any given period.
The use of borrowing by a Fund involves special risk considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since substantially all of a Fund’s assets fluctuate in value, while the interest obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund’s agreement with its lender, the net asset value per share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, a Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. Each Fund will reduce its borrowing amount within three days, if that Fund’s asset coverage falls below the amount required by the 1940 Act.
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Issuance of Senior Securities
Generally, issuing senior securities is prohibited under the 1940 Act; however, certain exceptions apply such as in the case of borrowing and certain other leveraging transactions. With respect to the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction relating to issuing senior securities, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the Fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits the Fund from issuing senior securities except that the Fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the Fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose as discussed above. The Fund also may borrow up to 5% of the Fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by the Fund can increase the speculative character of the Fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the Fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased.
Regulation of Derivatives and Certain Other Transactions
Rule 18f-4 of the 1940 Act (“Rule 18f-4” or the “Derivatives Rule”), regulates the ability of a Fund to enter into derivative transactions and other leveraged transactions. The Derivatives Rule defines the term “derivatives” to include short sales and forward contracts, such as TBA transactions, in addition to instruments traditionally classified as derivatives, such as swaps, futures, and options. Rule 18f-4 also regulates other types of leveraged transactions, such as reverse repurchase transactions and transactions deemed to be “similar to” reverse repurchase transactions, such as certain securities lending transactions in connection with which a Fund obtains leverage. The final rule requires the Fund to trade derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions) subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit and certain derivatives risk management program and reporting requirements. Generally, these requirements apply unless a Fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the final rule.
Under Rule 18f-4, when the Fund trades reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, including certain tender option bonds, it needs to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund’s asset coverage ratio or it can decide to treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions.
Among other things, under Rule 18f-4, the Fund is prohibited from entering into these derivatives transactions except in reliance on the provisions of the Derivatives Rule. The Fund will generally satisfy the limits under the Rule if the VaR of its portfolio (inclusive of derivatives transactions) does not exceed 200% of the VaR of its “designated reference portfolio.” The “designated reference portfolio” is a representative unleveraged index or a fund’s own portfolio absent derivatives holdings, as determined by such fund’s derivatives risk manager. This limits test is referred to as the “Relative VaR Test.” In addition, among other requirements, Rule 18f-4 requires a fund to establish a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager, and carry out enhanced reporting to the Board, the SEC and the public regarding a fund’s derivatives activities.
These requirements may limit the ability of a Fund to use derivatives as part of its investment strategies. These requirements may increase the cost of a Fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
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Options, Futures and Other Strategies
General
The Fund may invest in options on equities, debt and stock indices (collectively, “options”). The Fund may also invest in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (collectively, “futures”). The Fund may make these investments as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying security, to attempt to hedge or limit the exposure of the Fund’s position, to create a synthetic money market position for certain tax-related purposes and to effect closing transactions. The Fund will not invest in futures for speculative purposes.
The use of futures and options (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, the Fund’s ability to use Financial Instruments will be limited by tax considerations. See “Distributions and Tax Information.”
In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below and in the Prospectus, the Advisor may discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the Advisor develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The Advisor may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and permitted by the Fund’s investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. The Prospectus or this SAI will be supplemented to the extent that new products or techniques involve materially different risks than those described below or in the Prospectus.
The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks which include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1)Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the Advisor’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to the differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to distortion. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of stock market trends by the Advisor may still not result in a successful transaction. The Advisor may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of market movements or the time span within which the movements take place, which, thus, may result in the strategy being unsuccessful.
(2)Options and futures prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect or no correlation also may result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures and securities are traded, and from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts.
(3)As described below, the Fund might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (e.g., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If the Fund were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment when it would otherwise be favorable to do so or require that the Fund sell
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a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. The Fund’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counter-party”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the Fund.
The Fund will not enter into any transactions using Financial Instruments (except for purchased options) unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or other options or futures contracts or (2) cash and liquid assets with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid assets in an account with its custodian in the prescribed amount as determined daily.
Assets used as cover or held in an account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund’s assets to cover or held in accounts could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
(4)Losses may arise due to unanticipated market price movements, lack of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at a particular time or due to losses from premiums paid by the Fund on options transactions.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices
The Fund normally will purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities of the type in which it may invest or a positive change in the currency in which such securities are denominated. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities or a specified amount of a foreign currency at a specified price during the option period. The Fund normally will purchase put options in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of securities of the type in which it may invest or a negative change in the currency in which such securities are denominated. The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to sell specified securities or a specified amount of a foreign currency at a specified price during the option period.
The Fund may purchase and sell options traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges based on the market value of the options. Although the Fund will generally purchase only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option or at any particular time. For some options, no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities.
Secondary markets on an exchange may not exist or may not be liquid for a variety of reasons including: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on opening transactions or closing transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances which interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) inadequate facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation to handle current trading volume at all times; or (vi) discontinuance in the future by one or more exchanges for economic or other reasons, of trading of options (or of a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the
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Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The Fund may write (i.e., sell) covered put and call options on securities, securities indices and currencies in which it may invest. A covered call option involves the Fund’s giving another party, in return for a premium, the right to buy specified securities owned by the Fund at a specified future date and price set at the time of the contract. A covered call option serves as a partial hedge against a price decline of the underlying security. However, by writing a covered call option, the Fund gives up the opportunity, while the option is in effect, to realize gain from any price increase (above the option exercise price) in the underlying security. In addition, the Fund’s ability to sell the underlying security is limited while the option is in effect unless the Fund effects a closing purchase transaction.
The Fund may also write covered put options that give the holder of the option the right to sell the underlying security to the Fund at the stated exercise price. The Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, but will be obligated for as long as the option is outstanding to purchase the underlying security at a price that may be higher than the market value of that security at the time of exercise. In order to “cover” put options it has written, the Fund will cause its custodian to segregate cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or other liquid equity or debt securities with at least the value of the exercise price of the put options.
There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures that may interfere with the timely execution of the Fund’s option orders.
Futures and Options on Futures
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security or currency at a specified future time at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (contracts traded on the same exchange, on the same underlying security or index, and with the same delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. The Fund may use futures contracts and related options for bona fide hedging purposes, such as to offset changes in the value of securities held or expected to be acquired or be disposed of or to minimize fluctuations in foreign currencies. The Fund will minimize the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures contract by only entering into futures contracts that are traded on national futures exchanges.
An index futures contract is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the securities comprising the index is made; generally contracts are closed out prior to their expiration date.
In order to avoid leveraging and related risks, when the Fund invests in futures contracts, the Fund will cover positions by depositing an amount of cash or liquid securities equal to the market value of the futures positions held, less margin deposits, in a segregated account and that amount will be marked-to-market on a daily basis.
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There are risks associated with these activities, including the following: (1) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on an ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (2) there may be an imperfect or lack of correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held and the prices of futures and options on futures; (3) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract or option; (4) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (5) government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts and options on futures.
The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts and related options to manage exposure to changing interest rates and securities prices. Some strategies reduce the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase market exposure. Futures and options on futures can be volatile instruments and involve certain risks that could negatively impact the Fund’s return. No price is paid upon entering into futures contracts. Instead, the Fund would be required to deposit an amount of cash or U.S. Treasury securities known as “initial margin.” Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker, would be made on a daily basis as the value of the future position varies (a process known as “marked to market”). The margin is in the nature of performance bond or good-faith deposit on a futures contract. Futures and options on futures are taxable instruments.
Exclusion from Definition of Commodity Pool Operator
Pursuant to amendments by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), the Advisor has filed a notice of exemption from registration as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund. The Fund and the Advisor are therefore not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA. In order to claim the Rule 4.5 exemption, the Fund is significantly limited in its ability to invest in commodity futures, options and swaps (including securities futures, broad-based stock index futures and financial futures contracts).
Short-Term Investments
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Certificates of Deposit, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits
The Fund may hold certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances acquired by the Fund will be dollar-denominated obligations of domestic banks, savings and loan associations or financial institutions which, at the time of purchase, have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. government.
In addition to buying certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, the Fund also may make interest-bearing time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Commercial Paper and Short-Term Notes
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Commercial paper and
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short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase “A-2” or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, “Prime-1” or “Prime-2” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix B.
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a “majority” of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy:
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:
1.With respect to 75% of its total assets, purchase securities issued by any one issuer (other than cash, cash items, or securities issued or guaranteed by the government of the United States or its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result at the time of such purchase, more than 5% of the value of its total assets would be invested in the securities of that issuer, or if it would own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer.
2.Borrow money or issue senior securities, except through reverse repurchase agreements or otherwise as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority. Generally, issuing senior securities is prohibited under the 1940 Act; however, certain exceptions apply such as in the case of reverse repurchase agreements, borrowing, and certain other leveraging transactions;
3.Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio);
4.Invest 25% or more of its net assets, calculated at the time of purchase and taken at market value, in securities of issuers in any one industry or groups of industries (other than U.S. government securities);
5.Purchase or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in real estate);
6.Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This limitation shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, or entering into futures contracts, or acquiring securities or other instruments and options thereon backed by, or related to, physical commodities; or
7.Make loans (except purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund). For purposes of this limitation, entering into repurchase agreements, lending securities and acquiring any debt security are not deemed to be the making of loans.
Except with respect to borrowing, if a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in the percentage or rating resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation of the Fund’s investment restrictions.
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PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions. See “Execution of Portfolio Transactions.”
The Fund had the following portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal years ended October 31:
Portfolio Turnover | 2023 | 2024 | ||||||
Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund | 303% | 237% | ||||||
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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted a portfolio holdings disclosure policy that governs the timing and circumstances of disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Fund. The Advisor has also adopted a policy with respect to disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Fund (the “Advisor’s Policy”). Information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings will not be distributed to any third party except in accordance with the portfolio holdings policies and the Advisor’s Policy (the “Disclosure Policies”). The Advisor and the Board considered the circumstances under which the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed under the Disclosure Policies and the actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of the Fund’s shareholders and the interests of the Advisor, distributor or any other affiliated person of the Fund, its Advisor or its distributor. After due consideration, the Advisor and the Board determined that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to persons described in the Disclosure Policies, including mutual fund rating or statistical agencies, or persons performing similar functions, and internal parties involved in the investment process, administration or custody of the Fund. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policies, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), President and Treasurer are each authorized to consider and authorize dissemination of portfolio holdings information to additional third parties, after considering the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders and potential conflicts of interest in making such disclosures.
The Board exercises continuing oversight of the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Disclosure Policies, Codes of Ethics and other relevant policies of the Fund and its service providers by the Trust’s CCO, (2) by considering reports and recommendations by the Trust’s CCO concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act), and (3) by considering to approve any amendment to the Disclosure Policies. The Board reserves the right to amend the Disclosure Policies at any time without prior notice to shareholders in its sole discretion.
Disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings is required to be made after the periods covered by the Fund’s Annual Report and semi-annual Report to Fund shareholders and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-PORT. These reports are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The Fund discloses its complete fiscal quarter-end portfolio holdings on their website at www.ottercreekfunds.com within 60 days after the fiscal quarter-end. The fiscal quarter-end portfolio holdings for the Fund will remain posted on the website until updated by required regulatory filings with the SEC. Portfolio holdings information posted on the Fund’s website may be separately provided to any person, commencing on the day after it is first published on the Fund’s website. In addition, the Fund may provide its complete portfolio holdings at the same time that it is filed with the SEC.
In the event of a conflict between the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Advisor or an affiliated person of the Advisor, the CCO of the Advisor, in consultation with the Trust’s CCO, shall make a determination in the best interests of the Fund, and shall report such determination to the Board at the end of the quarter in which such determination was made. Any employee of the Advisor who suspects a breach of this obligation must report the matter immediately to the Advisor’s CCO or to his or her supervisor.
In addition, material non-public holdings information may be provided without lag as part of the normal investment activities of the Fund to each of the following entities, which, by explicit agreement or by virtue of their respective duties to the Fund, are required to maintain the confidentiality of the information disclosed, including a duty not to trade on non-public information: the fund administrator, fund accountant, custodian, transfer agent, auditors, counsel to the Fund or the Board, broker-dealers (in connection with the purchase or sale of securities or requests for price quotations or bids on one or more securities) and regulatory authorities. Portfolio holdings information not publicly available with the SEC or through the Fund’s website may only be provided to additional third parties, including mutual fund
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ratings or statistical agencies, in accordance with the Disclosure Policies, when the Fund has a legitimate business purpose and the third party recipient is subject to a confidentiality agreement that includes a duty not to trade on non-public information.
In no event shall the Advisor, its affiliates or employees, the Fund, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
There can be no assurance that the Disclosure Policies will protect the Fund from potential misuse of portfolio holdings information by individuals or entities to which it is disclosed.
On a monthly basis by the seventh business day, the Advisor will disclose at a minimum the top ten holdings as a percentage of net assets along with any potential changes to the holdings which they may choose to highlight as part of their factsheet commentary about the portfolio. Other portfolio information may be highlighted as part of their quarterly investor webcasts which will be posted to the website after the call. From time to time, the Advisor may also make additional disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings on the Fund’s website. Shareholders can access the Fund’s website at www.ottercreekfunds.com for additional information about the Fund, including, without limitation, the periodic disclosure of their portfolio holdings.
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TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the investment activities of the Fund. The Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust, who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Trust and its separate series. The current Trustees and executive officers of the Trust, their birth dates, positions with the Trust, terms of office with the Trust and length of time served, their principal occupations during the past five years and other directorships are set forth in the table below.
| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr (born 1955) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee Chairperson | Indefinite Term; Since November 2018. Indefinite Term; Since February 2023. | Retired; Former Chair of the Governing Council, Independent Directors Council (since 2020); formerly, President, owner of a registered investment adviser, Productive Capital Management, Inc. (2010 to 2013); formerly, Chief Administrative Officer, Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Director of Allegiant Asset Management Company (merged with PNC Capital Advisors, LLC in 2009); formerly, Chief Administrative Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President of PNC Funds and PNC Advantage Funds (f/k/a Allegiant Funds) (registered investment companies). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Independent Trustee for the William Blair Funds (2013 to present) (18 series). | ||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis (born 1973) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since September 2011. | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Financial Group (2024 to present); formerly, Chief Growth Officer, Tidal Financial Group (2022 to 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2018 to present); formerly, Chief Operating Officer, Direxion Funds (2013 to 2018); formerly, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions), U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (1997 to 2013). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Interested Trustee, Tidal Trust II (2022 to present) (41 series); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Interested Trustee, Tidal ETF Trust I (2018 to Present) (40 series); Former Interested Trustee, Direxion Funds (36 series), Direxion Shares ETF Trust (112 series) and Direxion Insurance Trust (2013 to 2018). | ||||||||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli (born 1950) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since May 1991. | Consultant; formerly, Executive Vice President, Investment Company Administration, LLC (mutual fund administrator). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Independent Trustee, AMG Funds (1993 to present) (42 series). | ||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh (born 1966) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since June 2020. | President and Chief Investment Officer, Venturi Private Wealth (investment management firm) (2022 to present); formerly, Chief Executive and Chief Investment Officer and various other positions, RidgeWorth Investments, LLC (global investment management firm) (2006 to 2017); formerly, Chief Investment Officer Institutional Growth Equities, Eagle Asset Management (investment management firm); formerly Sr. Managing Director, Growth Equities, Banc One Investment Advisors (investment management firm). | 2 | Board of Directors Member, Investment Working Group, The Ohio State University Endowments and Foundation (2016 to present); Board of Directors, World Methodist Council, Investment Committee (2018 to present); Independent Trustee, PNC Funds (2018 to 2019) (32 series); Interested Trustee, RidgeWorth Funds (2014 to 2017) (35 series). | ||||||||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli (born 1960) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since January 2022. | Independent Director of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. (2019 to present); Retired; formerly, Executive Director of the Center for Audit Quality (2007-2019); formerly, Senior Vice President of Regulatory Conflicts Management at Bank of America (2005-2007); formerly, Deputy Director, Division of Investment Management with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (1998-2005). | 2 | Independent Director, TriplePoint Private Venture Credit, Inc. (2020 to present). | ||||||||||||
| Officers of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Jason F. Hadler (born 1975) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | President & Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite Term; Since September 2021. | Senior Vice President and Head of Client Experience, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since March 2022; Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Services Fund Administration Department, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (December 2003-March 2022). | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Elaine E. Richards (born 1968) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Secretary & Vice President | Indefinite Term; Since September 2024. | Senior Vice President, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since July 2007. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Craig Benton (born 1985) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Treasurer & Vice President | Indefinite Term; Since December 2021. | Assistant Treasurer of the Trust (2016-2021); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since November 2007. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Nicholas A. Moll (born 1998) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2024. | Mutual Funds Administrator, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since December 2022. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Kathryn E. LaPlante Johnson (born 1998) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2023. | Mutual Funds Administrator, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since June 2020; Business Administration Student, 2017-2021. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Gazala Khan (born 1969) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Chief Compliance Officer Anti-Money Laundering Officer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2022. | Vice President and Compliance Officer, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since July 2022; Chief Compliance Officer Matthews Asia Fund (May 2019-July 15, 2022); Chief Compliance Officer GS Trust/VIT (June 2009-May 2019); Vice President GSAM (May 2005-June 2009); Staff Accountant, SEC Office of Compliance Inspection and Examination (1999-2005). | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
(1)All Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”).
(2)Under the terms of the Board’s retirement policy, a Trustee shall retire at the end of the calendar year in which he or she reaches the age of 78.
(3)The Trust is comprised of numerous series managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Funds. The Funds do not hold themselves out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes.
Additional Information Concerning the Board of Trustees
The Role of the Board
The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Custodian, and the Transfer Agent, each of whom is discussed in greater detail in this Statement of Additional Information. The Board has appointed various senior employees of the Administrator as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters and the President reports as to matters relating to the Trust’s operations. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Funds. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of formal “Board Meetings” which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent operations. In addition, various members of the Board also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal “Board Meetings,” to discuss various topics. In all cases, however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.
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Board Structure, Leadership
The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. It has established four standing committees: the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Investment Committee, and the Audit Committee, which also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee, which are discussed in greater detail below under “Trust Committees.” The Board is entirely comprised of Trustees who are Independent Trustees, which are Trustees that are not affiliated with the Adviser, the principal underwriter, or their affiliates. The Independent Trustees have engaged their own independent counsel to advise them on matters relating to their responsibilities in connection with the Trust. The Nominating and Governance Committee, Audit Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee are comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Chairperson of the Board is an Independent Trustee. The Trust has appointed Kathleen Barr, an Independent Trustee, as Chairperson of the Board, and she acts as a liaison with the Trust’s service providers, officers, legal counsel, and other Trustees between meetings, helps to set Board meeting agendas, and serves as Chairperson during executive sessions of the Independent Trustees. The Board has determined not to combine the Chairperson position and the principal executive officer position and has appointed a Vice President of the Administrator as the President of the Trust, who routinely interacts with the unaffiliated investment advisers of the Trust and comprehensively manages the operational aspects of the funds in the Trust. The Board reviews its structure and the structure of its committees annually. The Board has determined that the structure of the Independent Chairperson, the composition of the Board, and the function and composition of its various committees are appropriate means to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (e.g., investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Audit Committee meets with the Treasurer and the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function. The Board meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance and operational risks and how they are managed. The Board also receives reports from the Adviser as to investment risks of the Fund. In addition to these reports, from time to time the Board receives reports from the Administrator and the Adviser as to enterprise risk management.
Information about Each Trustee’s Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their continued service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. In addition to a demonstrated record of business and/or professional accomplishment, each of the Trustees has served on the Board for a number of years. They have substantial board experience and, in their service to the Trust, have gained substantial insight as to the operation of the Trust. They have demonstrated a commitment to discharging their oversight duties as trustees in the interests of shareholders. The Board annually conducts a “self-assessment” wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the chart above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and his/her Trustee Attributes. The information is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the
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ability to work together, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests.
Ms. Barr’s Trustee Attributes include her substantial mutual fund experience, including her role as Chair of the Governing Council for the Independent Directors Council and member of the ICI Board of Governors. She has executive experience as the former owner of a registered investment adviser (Productive Capital Management, Inc.), as the Chief Administrative Officer, Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Director of Allegiant Asset Management Company (merged with PNC Capital Advisors LLC in 2009), and as the Chief Administrative Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President of PNC Funds and PNC Advantage Funds (f/k/a Allegiant Funds). Ms. Barr also currently serves on the board of several registered investment companies. Ms. Barr has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Ms. Barr’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Falkeis’ Trustee Attributes include his substantial ETF and mutual fund experience and his experience with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters through his former position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions) of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a full-service provider to ETFs, mutual funds and alternative investment products. Mr. Falkeis currently serves as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, (2018 to present), formerly, Chief Growth Officer of Tidal Financial Group, and he has experience consulting with investment advisers regarding the legal structure of investment companies, distribution channel analysis, marketing and actual distribution of those funds. Mr. Falkeis also has substantial managerial, operational and risk oversight experience through his former positions as Chief Operating Officer and Trustee of the Direxion Funds and the Direxion Exchange Traded Funds. Mr. Falkeis has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Falkeis’ experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Paggioli’s Trustee Attributes include his substantial mutual fund and investment advisory experience. Mr. Paggioli is an independent consultant on investment company and investment advisory matters. He has held a number of senior positions with mutual fund and investment advisory organizations and related businesses, including Executive Vice President, Director and Principal of the Wadsworth Group (fund administration, distribution transfer agency and accounting services). He serves on the boards of several investment management companies and advisory firms. He is a member of the Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute and of the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council. He has served on various industry association and self-regulatory committees and formerly worked on the staff of the SEC. Mr. Paggioli has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Paggioli’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Parikh’s Trustee Attributes include his substantial investment and executive experience in the asset management industry, including his position as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of RidgeWorth Investments (global investment management firm with over $41 billion in assets). He has also served as a Trustee of several investment trusts (including private investment trusts). Mr. Parikh has ongoing responsibility as a member of the Investment Working Group as part of the Board of Directors for the Ohio State University Endowments & Foundation, as well as an ongoing position as a member of the Investment Committee for the World Methodist Council Endowment Fund (a charitable
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religious foundation). Mr. Parikh has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Parikh possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Ms. Fornelli’s Trustee Attributes include her substantial governance, legal, regulatory and business experience, including her role as an Independent Director of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp and TriplePoint Private Venture Credit, Inc. She has broad leadership experience in strategy formulation, corporate governance and risk management. She has executive experience as the Executive Director of Center for Audit Quality (2007-2019), Senior Vice President of Regulatory and Conflicts Management at Bank of America (2005-2007) and Deputy Director, Division of Investment Management with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (1998-2005). Ms. Fornelli has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Ms. Fornelli’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Trust Committees
The Trust has four standing committees: the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Investment Committee, and the Audit Committee, which also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”).
The Nominating and Governance Committee, comprised of all of the Independent Trustees, is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees and meets only as necessary. The Nominating and Governance Committee is also responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board in its oversight of the Trust’s compliance program under Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Independent Trustee compensation and the Trustees’ annual “self-assessment.” The Nominating and Governance Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Eric Falkeis as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees nominated by shareholders. Recommendations for consideration by shareholders by the Nominating Committee should be sent to the President of the Trust in writing together with the appropriate biographical information concerning each such proposed Nominee, and such recommendation must comply with the notice provisions set forth in the Trust By-Laws. In general, to comply with such procedures, such nominations, together with all required biographical information, must be delivered to and received by the President of the Trust at the principal executive offices of the Trust not later than 120 days and no more than 150 days prior to the shareholder meeting at which any such nominee would be voted on. The Nominating and Governance Committee met one time during the Fund’s last fiscal year with respect to the Fund.
The Investment Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Investment Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Ashi Parikh as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Investment Committee generally meets on a quarterly basis to review performance of the various series of the Trust and report back to the Board. The Investment Committee incepted as of January 1, 2025.
The Audit Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Cynthia Fornelli as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Audit Committee generally meets on a quarterly basis with respect to the various series of the Trust, and may meet more frequently. The function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to review the scope and results of the audit of such series’ financial statements and any matters bearing on
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the audit or the financial statements, and to ensure the integrity of the series’ pricing and financial reporting. The Audit Committee met one time with respect to the Fund during the Fund’s last fiscal year.
The function of the QLCC is to receive reports from an attorney retained by the Trust of evidence of a material violation by the Trust or by any officer, director, employee or agent of the Trust. The QLCC did not meet during the Fund’s last fiscal year with respect to the Fund.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares and Other Interests
The following table shows the amount of shares in the Fund and the amount of shares in other portfolios of the Trust owned by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2024.
| Name | Dollar Range of Fund Shares | Aggregate Dollar Range of Fund Shares in the Trust | ||||||
| Independent Trustees | ||||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr | None | $50,001-$100,000 | ||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis | None | $10,001-$50,000 | ||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli | None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh | None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
Cynthia M. Fornelli | None | None | ||||||
As of December 31, 2024, neither the then Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially or of record in the Funds, the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter, or any of their affiliates. Accordingly, as of that date, neither the then Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, have had a direct or indirect interest during the two most recently completed calendar years, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter or any of its affiliates.
Compensation
Effective January 1, 2025, the Independent Trustees were due to receive an annual retainer of $150,000 allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust, an additional $10,000 per regularly scheduled Board meeting, and an additional $3,500 per special meeting, paid by the Trust or applicable advisors/portfolios, as well as reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at Board meetings. The Chairperson of the Audit Committee receives additional compensation of $20,000 annually, the Chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives additional compensation of $10,000 annually, the Chairperson of the Investment Committee receives additional compensation of $10,000 annually, and the Chairperson of the Board of Trustees receives additional compensation of $30,000 annually, and such compensation is also allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust. Independent Trustees receive additional fees from the applicable portfolios for any special meetings at rates assessed by the Trustees depending on the length of the meeting and whether in-person attendance is required. All Trustees will be reimbursed for expenses in connection with each Board meeting attended, which reimbursement is allocated among applicable portfolios of the Trust. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees. Set forth below is the rate of compensation received by the following Independent Trustees for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.
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| Name of Person/Position | Aggregate Compensation From the Fund | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex(1) Paid to Trustees | ||||||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr, Independent Trustee | $5,823 | None | None | $8,361 | ||||||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis, Independent Trustee | $4,804 | None | None | $6,773 | ||||||||||
| Steve J. Paggioli, Independent Trustee | $4,604 | None | None | $6,504 | ||||||||||
Ashi S. Parikh, Independent Trustee | $4,604 | None | None | $6,504 | ||||||||||
Cynthia M. Fornelli, Independent Trustee | $5,102 | None | None | $7,176 | ||||||||||
(1)There are currently numerous unaffiliated portfolios comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Fund. For the fiscal year ending October 31, 2024, aggregate Trustees’ fees of $977,000 were incurred by the Trust.
Codes of Ethics
The Trust and the Advisor have each adopted separate Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These Codes permit, subject to certain conditions, access persons of the Advisor to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Distributor, as defined below, relies on the principal underwriter’s exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), of the 1940 Act, specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust or the Advisor, and no officer, director or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director or general partner of the Trust or the Advisor.
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PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Policies”) on behalf of the Trust which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Advisor, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Proxy Policies require that the Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and their shareholders. The Proxy Policies also require the Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor’s Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor as involving a conflict of interest.
The Advisor has adopted Proxy Policies that underscore the Advisor’s concern that all proxies voting decisions be made in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor considers each proxy proposal individually and makes decisions on a case-by-case basis. At all times, however, the Advisor will act in a prudent and diligent manner intended to enhance the economic value of the assets of the Fund. The Advisor believes that market conditions and other economic considerations will influence how decisions are made on proxy proposals. Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisor’s interests and the Fund’s interests, the Advisor will disclose the conflict to the Board and obtain the Board’s consent to vote or direct the matter to an independent third party, selected by the Board, for a vote determination. If the Board’s consent or the independent third party’s determination is not received in a timely manner, the Advisor will abstain from voting the proxy.
The Trust is required to file a Form N-PX, with the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the 12 months ended June 30, no later than August 31 of each year. Form N-PX for the Fund will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-855-681-5261 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Class of the Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. As of January 31, 2025, the Trustees and Officers of the Trust as a group did not own more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Furthermore, neither the Trustees, nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter, or any of their affiliates. Accordingly, neither the Trustees, nor members of their immediate family, have a direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter or any of their affiliates. As of February 5, 2025, the following shareholders were considered to be principal shareholders of the Fund. There were no control persons.
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| Principal Holders of Otter Creek Long-Short Opportunity Fund – Institutional Shares | ||||||||
| Name and Address | % Ownership | Type of Ownership | ||||||
| Charles Schwab & Co, Inc. 211 Main St. San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 | 49.19% | Record | ||||||
| Vanguard Brokerage Services P.O. Box 1170 Valley Forge, PA 19482-1170 | 39.60% | Record | ||||||
| National Financial Services, LLC 499 Washington Blvd. Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 | 7.60% | Record | ||||||
| Principal Holders of Otter Creek Long-Short Opportunity Fund – Investor Shares | ||||||||
| Name and Address | % Ownership | Type of Ownership | ||||||
| National Financial Services, LLC 499 Washington Blvd. Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 | 44.78% | Record | ||||||
| Charles Schwab & Co, Inc. 211 Main St. San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 | 39.85% | Record | ||||||
| Vanguard Brokerage Services P.O. Box 1170 Valley Forge, PA 19482-1170 | 6.52% | Record | ||||||
THE FUND’S INVESTMENT ADVISOR
Otter Creek Advisors, LLC acts as investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund. The Advisor is located at 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408. Tyler C. Walling is a control person of the Advisor. Prior to February 27, 2015, the Fund was managed by an affiliate of the Advisor, Otter Creek Management, Inc.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the Independent Trustees, who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, in each case cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on not more than 60 days’, nor less than 30 days’, written notice to the Advisor when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, or by the Advisor on not more than 60 days’, nor less than 30 days’, written notice to the Trust, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor shall not be liable under such agreement for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
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Under the 1940 Act, certain changes in the equity ownership of an investment advisor may result in a technical change of control of that advisor. When a technical change of control occurs, any investment advisory agreements that an advisor has with respect to mutual funds automatically terminate.
At a meeting of the Board held on April 7, 2020, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees voted unanimously to approve the proposed new Investment Advisory Agreement (the New Investment Advisory Agreement) between Otter Creek and the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, retaining Otter Creek as investment advisor for the Fund upon completion of the change in control. Shareholders of the Fund as of April 20, 2020 approved the New Investment Advisory Agreement at a shareholder meeting held on June 17, 2020. The terms of the New Investment Advisory Agreement, which is now in effect, are substantially identical to the terms of the prior investment advisory agreement between Otter Creek and the Trust, on behalf of the Fund.
In consideration of the services provided by the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly. The advisor contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fee so that the effective rate of the advisory fee is 1.35%, instead of 1.50%, of the Fund’s average daily net assets through February 28, 2026. The Advisor may voluntarily agree to reduce a portion of the fees payable to it on a month‑to‑month basis. The Advisor has waived its right to receive reimbursement of the portion of its advisory fees waived pursuant to the advisory fee waiver agreement.
| Fiscal Year Ended | Fees Accrued | Fees Waived | Net Fees Paid to Advisor | ||||||||
| October 31, 2024 | $1,993,642 | $261,306 | $2,254,948 | ||||||||
| October 31, 2023 | $2,287,026 | $(281,304) | $2,005,722 | ||||||||
| October 31, 2022 | $2,226,481 | $(200,754) | $2,025,727 | ||||||||
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has contractually agreed to reduce fees and/or pay Fund expenses (excluding Acquired Fund Fees and Expense, interest, taxes, interest and dividend expense on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees, and any other class-specific expense) in order to the limit Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses for shares of the Fund to 1.55% and 1.80% for the Institutional Class shares and Investor Class shares, respectively (the “Expense Cap”). The Fund’s net operating expenses may be higher to the extent that the Fund incurs expenses that are not covered under the operating expenses limitation agreement. The current Expense Cap is in place indefinitely, but at a minimum will remain in effect through February 28, 2026. The Advisor is permitted, with Board approval, to be reimbursed for fee reductions and/or expense payments made in the prior three years from the date the fees were waived and expenses were paid. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward operating expenses for such period (taking into account any reimbursement) does not exceed the lesser of the Expense Cap in place at the time of waiver or at the time of reimbursement.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Messrs. Tyler C. Walling and Cory Reed (collectively the “Portfolio Managers”), serve as the Portfolio Managers for the Fund, each of whom are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
The following provides information regarding other accounts managed by Mr. Walling as of October 31, 2024:
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| Category of Account | Total Number of Accounts Managed | Total Assets in Accounts Managed | Number of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | Assets in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | ||||||||||
| Other Registered Investment Companies | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts | 9 | $2.605 million | None | N/A | ||||||||||
The following provides information regarding other accounts managed by Mr. Reed as of October 31, 2024:
| Category of Account | Total Number of Accounts Managed | Total Assets in Accounts Managed | Number of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | Assets in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | ||||||||||
| Other Registered Investment Companies | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts | 9 | $2.605 million | None | N/A | ||||||||||
Portfolio managers receive a base salary and a discretionary bonus. Their salary is not based on the Fund’s performance. However, there is the potential for the portfolio managers to receive a bonus based on increases in assets as part of their compensation. The portfolio managers may also indirectly receive compensation for any other accounts that are managed by the Advisor as they participate in the success of the Firm. The portfolio managers also have an ownership interest in the Adviser, which provides them with profit sharing incentive. The portfolio managers do not receive deferred compensation but do participate in a 401(k) retirement plan.
Because the Advisor performs investment management services for various clients, certain conflicts of interest could arise. The Advisor may give advice and take action with respect to its other clients and/or funds that may differ from advice given or the timing or nature of action taken with respect to the Fund. The Advisor will have no obligation to purchase or sell for the Fund, or to recommend for purchase or sale by the Fund, any security that the Advisor, its principals, its affiliates, or its employees may purchase for themselves or for other clients and/or funds at the same time or the same price. Where the Advisor buys or sells the same security for two or more clients, it may place concurrent orders with a single broker, to be executed together as a single “block” in order to facilitate orderly and efficient execution.
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Portfolio Managers’ Ownership Interest in the Fund
The following indicates the beneficial ownership of each portfolio manager in the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund as of October 31, 2024:
| Portfolio Manager | Dollar Range of Shares Owned | ||||
| Tyler C. Walling | $100,001-$500,000 | ||||
| Cory Reed | $50,001-$100,000 | ||||
Managing Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent material conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one investment account or in other circumstances. Portfolio managers of the Fund may be presented with potential conflicts of interest in the allocation of investment opportunities, the allocation of their time and investment ideas and the allocation of aggregated orders among the Fund’s accounts and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, including among any affiliated client accounts, any accounts in which the portfolio managers may have personal investments.
It is anticipated that in addition to acting as the Advisor to the Fund, the Advisor will serve as the investment adviser for individual, corporate and retirement accounts for U.S. and non-U.S. clients. The portfolio managers of the Advisor expect to make and retain significant personal investments in the Fund that will help to align the interests of the Fund and the portfolio managers. Further, the Advisor will adopt policies and procedures governing all of its personnel that will be reasonably designed to ensure that all clients are treated equitably and that the Fund is not disadvantaged by other activities of the Advisor. The Advisor has adopted a Code of Ethics governing its principals and employees that are designed to detect and equitably manage conflicts of interest when personnel of the Advisor own, buy, or sell securities that may be owned by, or bought or sold for, other clients of the Advisor, including the Fund.
The portfolio managers manage two sub-advised accounts, so there is a potential conflict of interest as the two sub-advised accounts are performance fee paying. In order to mitigate this conflict, trade orders are bunched to the greatest extent possible in order for all accounts to receive the same execution price. If the trades cannot be bunched, as is the case for short securities, the trades are posted separately for each relationship (CFDs versus shorts). At the end of the day, all trades are allocated parri-passu based off of adjusted net assets in order to have the same net exposure across all of the accounts unless they were pre-allocated prior to execution.
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant
Pursuant to an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Fund Services”) 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 acts as the Administrator to the Fund. Fund Services provides certain services to the Fund including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund’s independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the Trust and the Fund with applicable laws and regulations, excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV and yield; responding to shareholder inquiries; and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund, and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the
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management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of the Fund’s shares.
Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, as compensation for its services, Fund Services receives from the Fund, a fee based on the Fund’s current average daily net assets. Fund Services also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses. Fund Services also acts as fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under separate agreements. Additionally, Fund Services provides Chief Compliance Officer services to the Trust under a separate agreement. The cost for the Chief Compliance Officer services is charged to the Fund and approved by the Board annually.
The table below shows the amount of administration fees paid by the Fund to Fund Services for the fiscal years shown.
| Fiscal Year Ended | Administration Fee Paid | ||||
| October 31, 2024 | $113,498 | ||||
| October 31, 2023 | $121,283 | ||||
| October 31, 2022 | $102,108 | ||||
Custodian
U.S. Bank National Association, is the custodian of the assets of the Fund (the “Custodian”) pursuant to a custody agreement between the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian provides for fees on a transactional basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian’s address is 1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212. The Custodian does not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund. Fund Services and the Custodian are affiliated entities under the common control of U.S. Bancorp. The Custodian and its affiliates may participate in revenue sharing arrangements with the service providers of mutual funds in which the Fund may invest.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and Legal Counsel
Tait, Weller & Baker LLP is the independent registered public accounting firm, providing audit services, tax services and assistance with respect to the preparation of filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for the Fund.
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor, New York, New York 10020, serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Sullivan & Worcester also serves as independent legal counsel to the Board of Trustees.
EXECUTION OF PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales of securities in the over-the-counter market will generally be executed directly with a “market-maker” unless, in the opinion of the Advisor, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) which specialize in the types of securities which the Fund will be holding, unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principal for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price
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offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the firm involved, the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that it may lawfully and appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value. Portfolio transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who sell shares of the Fund subject to rules adopted by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the SEC.
While it is the Advisor’s general policy to seek best execution in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, in accordance with Section 28(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, when it is determined that more than one broker can deliver best execution, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Fund or to the Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts or mutual funds managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts or mutual funds. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client account(s) or mutual funds in the same issuer may vary and the length of time that each may choose to hold its investment in the same issuer may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts or mutual funds seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one or more of such client accounts or mutual funds simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day’s transactions in such security will be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts or mutual funds in a manner deemed equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of cash available for investment, the investment objective of the account, and the ease with which a client’s appropriate amount can be bought, as well as the liquidity and volatility of the account and the urgency involved in making an investment decision for the client. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions for the Fund.
The Fund does not effect securities transactions through brokers in accordance with any formula, nor does it effect securities transactions through brokers for selling shares of the Fund. However, as stated above, broker-dealers who execute brokerage transactions may effect purchase of shares of the Fund for their customers.
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The following table describes the brokerage transactions directed to brokers during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, due to research services provided to the Advisor.
| Amount of Transactions | Brokerage Commissions | ||||
| $1,239,716,072 | $382,787 | ||||
The table below shows the amount of aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund with respect to transactions for the fiscal years ended October 31:
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024* | |||||||||
| Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid by the Fund | $948,391 | $924,079 | $384,573 | ||||||||
*The significant difference in brokerage commissions between 2024 and 2023 was due to changing market conditions.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the Fund did not own any securities of its regular broker dealers.
The Fund did own securities of any of its regular brokers or dealers as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.
CAPITAL STOCK
Shares issued by the Fund have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights. Shareholders have equal and exclusive rights as to dividends and distributions as declared by the Fund and to the net assets of the Fund upon liquidation or dissolution. The Fund, as separate series of the Trust, votes separately on matters affecting only the Fund (e.g., approval of the Advisory Agreement); all series of the Trust vote as a single class on matters affecting all series jointly or the Trust as a whole (e.g., election or removal of Trustees). Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting in any election of Trustees can, if they so choose, elect all of the Trustees. While the Trust is not required and does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders, such meetings may be called by the Trustees in their discretion or upon demand by the holders of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Trust, for the purpose of electing or removing Trustees.
DETERMINATION OF SHARE PRICE
The NAV per share of the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. It is expected that the NYSE will not be open for trading on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Fund does not expect to determine the NAV of shares on any day when the Exchange is not open for trading even if there is sufficient trading in its portfolio securities on such days to materially affect the NAV per share.
Generally, a Fund’s investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by the Adviser, who has been designated by the Board as the Fund’s “valuation designee.” Pursuant to those procedures, the Adviser considers, among other things: (1) the last sales price on the securities exchange, if any, on which a security is primarily traded; (2) the mean between the bid and asked prices; (3) price quotations from an approved pricing service, and (4) other factors as necessary to determine a fair value under certain circumstances.
To the extent the Fund’s portfolio investments trade in markets on days when the Fund is not open for business, the Fund’s assets may vary on those days. In addition, trading in certain portfolio
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investments may not occur on days the Fund is open for business. If the exchange or market on which the Fund’s underlying investments are primarily traded closes early, the NAV may be calculated prior to its normal calculation time. For example, the primary trading markets for the Fund may close early on the day before certain holidays and the day after Thanksgiving.
In valuing the Fund’s assets for calculating NAV, readily marketable portfolio securities listed on a national securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on the business day as of which such value is being determined. If there has been no sale on such exchange on such day, the security is valued at the mean between the bid and asked prices on such day. Securities primarily traded on U.S. National securities exchanges for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at either the last reported sale price on the day of valuation, or the exchange’s official closing price, if applicable. If there has been no sale on such day, then the mean between the bid and asked prices will be used. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the valuation designee.
The Fund values securities for which market quotations are readily available at current market value other than certain short-term securities. Exchange-traded securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued using the last reported sales price provided by independent pricing services as of the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each Fund business day. In the absence of sales, such securities are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask price. Non-exchange-traded securities for which quotations are readily available are generally valued at the mean between the current bid and asked price. Fixed income securities may be valued at prices supplied by the Fund’s pricing agent based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity. Investments in other open-end regulated investment companies are valued at their NAV. If the Fund invests in securities that trade on foreign securities markets on days other than the Fund business day, the value of the Fund’s portfolio may change on days that shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund Shares.
Trading in foreign securities markets is normally completed well before the close of the NYSE. In addition, foreign securities trading may not take place on all days on which the NYSE is open for trading, and may occur in certain foreign markets on days on which the Fund’s NAV is not calculated. Events affecting the values of portfolio securities that occur between the time their prices are determined and the close of the NYSE will not be reflected in the calculation of NAV unless the Board deems that the particular event would affect NAV, in which case an adjustment will be made in such manner as the Board in good faith deems appropriate to determine fair market value. Assets or liabilities expressed in foreign currencies are translated, in determining NAV, into U.S. dollars based on the spot exchange rates, or at such other rates as the Advisor, pursuant to fair value procedures adopted by the Board, may determine to be appropriate.
Securities primarily traded on U.S. national or foreign securities exchanges for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at either the last reported sale price on the day of valuation, or the exchange’s official closing price, if applicable. If there has been no sale on such day, then the mean between the bid and asked prices will be used. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures approved by or under the direction of the Adviser.
The securities in the Fund’s portfolio, including ADRs, which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the
46
last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange on which the security is principally traded.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the valuation designee in good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION INFORMATION
The information provided below supplements the information contained in the Prospectus regarding the purchase and redemption of the Fund’s shares.
How to Buy Shares
In addition to purchasing shares directly from the Fund, you may purchase shares of the Fund through certain financial intermediaries and their agents that have made arrangements with the Fund and are authorized to buy and sell shares of the Fund (collectively, “Financial Intermediaries”). Investors should contact their Financial Intermediary directly for appropriate instructions, as well as information pertaining to accounts and any service or transaction fees that may be charged. If you transmit your order to these Financial Intermediaries before the close of regular trading (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on a day that the NYSE is open for business, your order will be priced at the Fund’s NAV next computed after it is received by the Financial Intermediary. Investors should check with their Financial Intermediary to determine if it participates in these arrangements.
The public offering price of the Fund’s shares is the NAV. Shares are purchased at the public offering price next determined after the transfer agent receives your order in proper form, as discussed in the Fund’s Prospectus. In order to receive that day’s public offering price, the transfer agent must receive your order in proper form before the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.
The Trust reserves the right in its sole discretion (i) to suspend the continued offering of the Fund’s shares and (ii) to reject purchase orders in whole or in part when in the judgment of the Advisor or the distributor such rejection is in the best interest of the Fund. The Trust has granted limited authority to the Advisor to reduce or waive the minimum for initial and subsequent investments for certain fiduciary accounts or under circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in sales of the Fund’s shares.
In addition to cash purchases, the Fund’s shares may be purchased by tendering payment in-kind in the form of shares of stock, bonds or other securities. Any securities used to buy the Fund’s shares must be readily marketable, their acquisition consistent with the Fund’s objective and otherwise acceptable to the Advisor and the Board.
Automatic Investment Plan
As discussed in the Prospectus, the Fund provide an Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) for the convenience of investors who wish to purchase shares of the Fund on a regular basis. All record keeping and custodial costs of the AIP are paid by the Fund. The market value of the Fund’s shares is subject to fluctuation. Prior to participating in the AIP the investor should keep in mind that this plan does not assure a profit nor protect against depreciation in declining markets.
How to Sell Shares and Delivery of Redemption Proceeds
You can sell your Fund shares any day the NYSE is open for regular trading, either directly to the Fund or through your Financial Intermediary. The Fund typically sends redemption proceeds on the next business day (a day when the NYSE is open for normal business) after the redemption request is received
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in good order and prior to market close, regardless of whether the redemption proceeds are sent via check, wire, or automated clearing house (ACH) transfer. Under unusual circumstances, the Fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for up to seven days, as permitted by federal securities law.
The Fund typically expects that it will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Fund may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. In situations in which investment holdings in cash or cash equivalents are not sufficient to meet redemption requests or when the sale of portfolio securities is not sufficient to meet redemption requests, the Fund will typically borrow money through its line of credit. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in stressed market conditions. The Fund reserves the right to pay redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part through a redemption in-kind as described under “Redemptions In-Kind” below. Redemptions in-kind are typically used to meet redemption requests that are a large percentage of the Fund’s net assets in order to minimize the effect of large redemptions on the Fund and its remaining shareholders. Redemptions in-kind may be used regularly in such circumstances and may also be used in stressed market conditions.
The Fund may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment during any period when (a) trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC or the NYSE is closed for other than weekends and holidays; (b) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC making disposal of portfolio securities or valuation of net assets of the Fund not reasonably practicable; or (c) for such other period as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
The value of shares on redemption or repurchase may be more or less than the investor’s cost, depending upon the market value of the Fund’s portfolio securities at the time of redemption or repurchase.
Telephone Redemptions
Shareholders with telephone transaction privileges established on their account may redeem the Fund’s shares by telephone. Upon receipt of any instructions or inquiries by telephone from the shareholder the Fund or its authorized agents may carry out the instructions and/or to respond to the inquiry consistent with the shareholder’s previously established account service options. For joint accounts, instructions or inquiries from either party will be carried out without prior notice to the other account owners. In acting upon telephone instructions, the Fund and its agents use procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that such instructions are genuine. These include recording all telephone calls, requiring pertinent information about the account and sending written confirmation of each transaction to the registered owner.
The transfer agent will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. If the transfer agent fails to employ reasonable procedures, the Fund and the transfer agent may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions. If these procedures are followed, however, that to the extent permitted by applicable law, neither the Fund nor its agents will be liable for any loss, liability, cost or expense arising out of any redemption request, including any fraudulent or unauthorized request. For additional information, contact the transfer agent.
Redemptions In-Kind
The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act so that the Fund is obligated to redeem its shares in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of its net asset value during any 90-day period for any shareholder of the Fund. The Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption price of its shares in excess of $250,000 or 1% of its net asset value, either totally or partially, by a distribution in-kind of portfolio securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the shares being sold. If a shareholder receives a distribution in-kind, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in
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converting the securities to cash and will bear any market risks associated with such securities until they are converted into cash. A redemption in-kind is treated as a taxable transaction and a sale of the redeemed shares, generally resulting in capital gain or loss to you, subject to certain loss limitation rules.
The Fund does not intend to hold any significant percentage of its portfolio in illiquid securities, although the Fund, like virtually all mutual funds, may from time to time hold a small percentage of securities that are illiquid. In the unlikely event the Fund were to elect to make an in-kind redemption, the Fund expects that it would follow the Trust protocol of making such distribution by way of a pro rata distribution of securities that are traded on a public securities market or are otherwise considered liquid pursuant to the Fund’s liquidity policies and procedures. Except as otherwise may be approved by the Trustees, the securities that would not be included in an in-kind distribution include (1) unregistered securities which, if distributed, would be required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”), as amended; (2) securities issued by entities in countries which (a) restrict or prohibit the holding of securities by non-nationals other than through qualified investment vehicles, such as a fund, or (b) permit transfers of ownership of securities to be effected only by transactions conducted on a local stock exchange; and (3) certain Fund assets that, although they may be liquid and marketable, must be traded through the marketplace or with the counterparty to the transaction in order to effect a change in beneficial ownership.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX INFORMATION
Distributions
Net investment income generally consists of interest income and dividends received on investments, less expenses. Dividends from net investment income generally are made at least annually. Capital gain distributions from net profits from the sale of securities are generally made at least annually. The Fund typically distributes any undistributed net investment income on or about December 31 of each year. Any net capital gains realized through the period ended October 31 of each year also will be distributed by December 31 of each year.
Each distribution by the Fund is accompanied by a brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution. In January of each year, the Fund will issue to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.
Tax Information
Each series of the Trust is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. The Fund has elected and intends to continue to qualify to be treated as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and to comply with all applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, diversification of its assets, and the timing and amount of its distributions. If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M, it will be taxed as a regular corporation. The Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income (before the deduction for dividends paid) and any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes. However, the Fund can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes at the Fund level. To avoid a nondeductible 4% excise tax, the Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year (i) at least 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) at least 98.2% of the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax.
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In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income (generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership. The Fund must also satisfy the following two asset diversification tests. At the end of each quarter of each taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S. Government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities, with such other securities being limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies), the securities of any two or more issuers (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) that the Fund controls (by owning 20% or more of their outstanding voting stock) and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The Fund must also distribute each taxable year sufficient dividends to its shareholders to claim a dividends paid deduction equal to at least the sum of 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income before the dividends paid deduction (which generally includes dividends, interest, and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) and 90% of the Fund’s net tax-exempt interest, if any. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes at the Fund level in all years.
Distributions of net investment income and net short-term capital gains generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. A Fund may make taxable distributions to shareholders even during periods in which the share price has declined. For individual shareholders, a portion of the distributions may be qualified dividends currently eligible for taxation at long-term capital gain rates to the extent the Fund reports the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend and certain holding period requirements are met. In the case of corporate shareholders, a portion of the distributions may qualify for the dividends-received deduction to the extent the Fund reports the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend. The aggregate amount so reported as qualified dividend income or as eligible for the dividends received deduction cannot, however, exceed the aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for its taxable year. In view of the Fund’s investment policy, it is expected that dividends from domestic corporations will be part of the Fund’s gross income and that, accordingly, some but not all of the Fund’s distributions may be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income for non-corporate shareholders and the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. However, the portion of the Fund’s gross income attributable to qualifying dividends is largely dependent on the Fund’s investment activities for a particular year, and therefore cannot be predicted with any certainty. The deduction, if any, may be reduced or eliminated if the Fund’s shares held by an individual investor are held for less than 61 days, or if the Fund’s shares held by a corporate investor are treated as debt-financed or are held for less than 46 days.
Federal taxes on the Fund’s distribution of long-term capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated the gains, not how long a shareholder has owned the Fund shares.There is no requirement that the Fund take into consideration any tax implications when implementing its investment strategy. Shareholders should note that the Fund may make taxable distributions of income and capital gains even when share values have declined.
For taxable years beginning after 2017 and before 2025, non-corporate taxpayers generally may deduct 20% of “qualified business income” derived either directly or through partnerships or S corporations. For this purpose, “qualified business income” generally includes ordinary real estate investment trust (“REIT”) dividends and income derived from master limited partnership (“MLP”)
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investments. Non-corporate shareholders can claim the qualified business income deduction with respect to REIT dividends received by the Fund if the Fund meets certain holding period and reporting requirements. There is currently no mechanism for the Fund, to the extent that the Fund invests in MLPs, to pass through to non-corporate shareholders the character of income derived from MLP investments so as to allow such shareholders to claim this deduction. It is uncertain whether future legislation or other guidance will enable a Fund to pass through to non-corporate shareholders the ability to claim this deduction.
Redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss. Any loss realized upon redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain “wash sale” rules to the extent shares of the Fund are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.
As of fiscal year end October 31, 2024, the Fund had short-term capital loss carry-forwards of $352,734 available for federal income tax purposes.
Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) all distributions of ordinary income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the Fund’s shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders, which includes most corporations. Pursuant to the backup withholding provisions of the Code, distributions of any taxable income and capital gains and proceeds from the redemption of the Fund’s shares may be subject to withholding of federal income tax at the rate of 24% in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the IRS notifies the Fund that such backup withholding is required. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Non-corporate and other exempt shareholders should provide the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers or certify their exempt status, as applicable, in order to avoid possible erroneous application of backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any additional amounts may be credited against a shareholder’s ultimate federal tax liability if proper documentation is provided. The Fund reserves the right to refuse to open an account for any person failing to provide a certified taxpayer identification number.
In addition to the federal income tax, certain individuals, trusts and estates may be subject to a Medicare tax of 3.8%. The Medicare tax is imposed on the lesser of: (i) the taxpayer’s investment income, net of deductions properly allocable to such income, or (ii) the amount by which the taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds certain thresholds ($250,000 for married individuals filing jointly, $200,000 for unmarried individuals and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately). The Fund’s distributions are includable in a shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this Medicare tax. In addition, any capital gain realized by a shareholder upon a sale or redemption of Fund shares is includable in such shareholder’s investment income for purposes of this Medicare tax.
Distributions and the transactions referred to in the preceding paragraphs may be subject to state and local income taxes, and the tax treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax treatment.
The foregoing discussion of U.S. federal income tax law relates solely to the application of that law to U.S. citizens or residents and U.S. domestic corporations, estates the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source and trusts that (1) are subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) have a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person. Each shareholder that is not a
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U.S. person should consider the U.S. and foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the possibility that such a shareholder may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower rate reduced by treaty).
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”)
A 30% withholding tax on the Fund’s ordinary income distributions generally applies if paid to a foreign entity unless: (i) if the foreign entity is a “foreign financial institution,” it undertakes certain due diligence, reporting, withholding and certification obligations, (ii) if the foreign entity is not a “foreign financial institution,” it identifies certain of its U.S. investors or (iii) the foreign entity is otherwise excepted under FATCA. Subject to the rules above and the applicability of any intergovernmental agreements on FATCA, if applicable, withholding under FATCA is required generally with respect to ordinary income distributions from your Fund. If withholding is required under FATCA on a payment, investors that otherwise would not be subject to withholding (or that otherwise would be entitled to a reduced rate of withholding) on such payment generally will be required to seek a refund or credit from the IRS to obtain the benefits of such exemption or reduction. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts in respect to amounts withheld under FATCA. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of FATCA based on your individual circumstances.
The foregoing discussion of tax law is based on existing provisions of the Code, existing and proposed regulations thereunder, and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change. Any such changes could affect the validity of this discussion. The discussion also represents only a general summary of tax law and practice currently applicable to the Fund and certain shareholders therein and, as such, is subject to change. In particular, the consequences of an investment in shares of the Fund under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing jurisdictions are not discussed herein. The Fund does not plan to seek a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to any tax matters. Each prospective investor should consult his or her own tax advisor to determine the application of the tax law and practice in his or her own particular circumstance.
The advice herein was prepared for the Fund. Any person reviewing this discussion should seek advice based on such person’s particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.
THE FUND’S DISTRIBUTOR
Quasar Distributors, LLC, Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101 (“Quasar”), serves as the Fund’s principal underwriter in a continuous public offering of the Fund’s shares. Pursuant to a distribution agreement between the Fund and Quasar (the “Distribution Agreement”), Quasar acts as the Fund’s principal underwriter and distributor and provides certain administrative services and promotes and arranges for the sale of the Fund’s shares. Quasar is a registered broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is a member of FINRA.
The Distribution Agreement between the Fund and Quasar will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority of the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by Quasar on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).
Distribution Plan
The Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act under which the Fund’s Investor Class shares pay the Distributor an amount which is accrued daily and
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paid quarterly, at an annual rate of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class shares. Amounts paid under the Plan, by the Fund, are paid to the Distributor to compensate broker-dealers and service providers that provide distribution-related services to the Investor Class Shares for the costs of the services provided and the expenses borne in the distribution of the Fund’s Shares, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of the Fund’s Shares to prospective investors; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. The services provided by selected dealers pursuant to the Plan are primarily designed to promote the sale of shares of the Fund and include the furnishing of office space and equipment, telephone facilities, personnel and assistance to the Fund in servicing such shareholders. The services provided by the administrators pursuant to the Plan are designed to provide support services to the Fund and include establishing and maintaining shareholders’ accounts and records, processing purchase and redemption transactions, answering routine client inquiries regarding the Fund and providing other services to the Fund as may be required.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons. Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than annually. With the exception of the Distributor, in its capacity as the Fund’s principal underwriter and distribution coordinator, no interested person has or had a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or any related agreement.
While there is no assurance that the expenditures of the Fund’s assets to finance distribution of shares will have the anticipated results, the Board believes there is a reasonable likelihood that one or more of such benefits will result, and because the Board is in a position to monitor the distribution expenses, it is able to determine the benefit of such expenditures in deciding whether to continue the Plan.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the Fund incurred $9,991 in 12b-1 fees. The allocation of those fees is shown in the table below.
12b-1 Payments
| Advertising and Marketing | Printing and Mailing | Payment to Distributor | Compensation to Broker- Dealers | Compensation to Sales Personnel | Other Expenses | Interest Carrying or Other Financing Charges | ||||||||||||||
| $0 | $0 | $0 | $9,991 | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||||||||||||||
Sub-Accounting Service Fees
In addition to the fees that the Fund may pay to its Transfer Agent, the Board has authorized the Fund to pay service fees, at the annual rate of up to 0.10% of applicable average net assets or $22 per account, to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisers or other financial institutions for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency, recordkeeping (collectively, “sub-accounting services”) and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus, networked, or other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents. Any sub-accounting fees paid by the Fund are included in the total amount of “Other Expenses” listed in the Fund’s Fees and Expenses table in the Prospectus.
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For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the Fund paid the following amounts for sub-accounting services:
| Sub-Accounting Services Fees | $139,475 | ||||
MARKETING AND SUPPORT PAYMENTS
The Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or other compensation to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. Such payments may be divided into categories as follows:
Support Payments. Payments may be made by the Advisor to certain financial intermediaries in connection with the eligibility of the Fund to be offered in certain programs and/or in connection with meetings between the Fund’s representatives and financial intermediaries and its sales representatives. Such meetings may be held for various purposes, including providing education and training about the Fund and other general financial topics to assist financial intermediaries’ sales representatives in making informed recommendations to, and decisions on behalf of, their clients.
Entertainment, Conferences and Events. The Advisor also may pay cash or non-cash compensation to sales representatives of financial intermediaries in the form of (i) occasional gifts; (ii) occasional meals, tickets or other entertainments; and/or (iii) sponsorship support for the financial intermediary’s client seminars and cooperative advertising. In addition, the Advisor pays for exhibit space or sponsorships at regional or national events of financial intermediaries.
During the Funds’ fiscal year, there were no financial intermediaries paid out of the Advisor’s revenues.
The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of additional payments or other compensation as described above by financial intermediaries may provide such intermediaries and/or their salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of shares of the Fund, and other mutual funds whose affiliates make similar compensation available, over sale of shares of mutual funds (or non-mutual fund investments) not making such payments. You may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Fund’s shares.
As of the date of this SAI, the Advisor has an agreement with a registered broker-dealer to pay such Support Payments. The Advisor has an agreement with a third-party firm that is a registered broker-dealer to provide marketing support. Future Support Payments may be structured in three ways: (1) as a percentage of net sales; (2) as a percentage of net assets; and/or (3) a flat fee.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, is available, without charge, upon request by calling 1-855-681-5261 and the financial statements, accompanying notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm appearing therein are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings short-term issue credit rating is generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P Global Ratings for short-term issues:
“A-1” - A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
“A-2” - A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
“A-3” - A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“B” - A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
“C” - A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“D” - A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings - S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. A foreign currency rating on an issuer will differ from the local currency rating on it when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, versus obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
“NR” - This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.
Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.
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Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
“P-1” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-2” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-3” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
“NP” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issuer.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
“F1” - Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
“F2” - Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
“F3” - Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
“B” - Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“C” - Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
“RD” - Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
“D” - Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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Plus (+) or minus (-) - The “F1” rating may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show the relative status within that major rating category.
“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.
The DBRS® Ratings Limited (“DBRS”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:
“R-1 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
“R-1 (middle)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“R-1 (low)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“R-2 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“R-2 (middle)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
“R-2 (low)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.
“R-3” - Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
“R-4” - Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
“R-5” - Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
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“D” - Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P Global Ratings for long-term issues:
“AAA” - An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
“AA” - An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
“A” - An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
“BBB” - An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” - Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
“BB” - An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“B” - An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“CCC” - An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
“CC” - An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
“C” - An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
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“D” - An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or minus (-) - The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
“NR” - This indicates that a rating has not been assigned, or is no longer assigned.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks - S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating on it when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, versus obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both on the likelihood of default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:
“Aaa” - Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
“Aa” - Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
“A” - Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
“Baa” - Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
“Ba” - Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
“B” - Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
“Caa” - Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
“Ca” - Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
“C” - Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic
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rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
“NR” - Is assigned to unrated obligations.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:
“AAA” - Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
“AA” - Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
“A” - Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
“BBB” - Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
“BB” - Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
“B” - Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
“CCC” - A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.
“CC” - A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.
“C” - A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings but are instead rated in the “CCC” to “C” rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.
“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.
The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an
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obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
“AAA” - Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
“AA” - Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“A” - Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“BBB” - Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“BB” - Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
“B” - Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
“CCC”, “CC” and “C” - Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.
“D” - A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Municipal Note Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:
•Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
•Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
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Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:
“SP-1” - A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
“SP-2” - A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
“SP-3” - A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
“D” - This rating is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed exchange offer, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale (listed above under Short-Term Credit Ratings) for commercial paper issued by U.S. municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.
For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) scales provided below.
Moody’s uses the MIG scale for U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.
MIG Scale
“MIG-1” - This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
“MIG-2” - This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
“MIG-3” - This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
“SG” - This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interests payments. The short-term demand obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to make payments associated with the purchase-price-upon demand feature (“demand feature”) of the VRDO. The short-term demand obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. VMIG ratings with liquidity support use as an input the short-term Counterparty Risk Assesment of the support provider, or the long-term rating of the underlying obligor in
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the absence of third party liquidity support. Transitions of VMIG Ratings of demand obligations with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
Moody’s typically assigns the VMIG short-term demand obligation rating if the frequency of the demand feature is less than every three years. If the frequency of the demand feature is less than three years but the purchase price is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the short-term demand obligation rating is “NR”.
“VMIG-1” - This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-2” - This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-3” - This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“SG” - This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
About Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities.
Fitch’s credit ratings relating to issuers are an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance, and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
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Credit ratings provided by DBRS are forward-looking opinions about credit risk which reflect the creditworthiness of an issuer, rated entity, security and/or obligation. Credit ratings are not statements of fact. While historical statistics and performance can be important considerations, credit ratings are not based solely on such; they include subjective considerations and involve expectations for future performance that cannot be guaranteed. To the extent that future events and economic conditions do not match expectations, credit ratings assigned to issuers, entities, securities and/or obligations can change. Credit ratings are also based on approved and applicable methodologies (“Methodologies”), which are periodically updated and when material changes are deemed necessary, this may also lead to rating changes.
Credit ratings typically provide an opinion on the risk that investors may not be repaid in accordance with the terms under which the obligation was issued. In some cases, credit ratings may also include consideration for the relative ranking of claims and recovery, should default occur. Credit ratings are meant to provide opinions on relative measures of risk and are not based on expectations of any specific default probability, nor are they meant to predict such.
The data and information on which DBRS bases its opinions is not audited or verified by DBRS, although, DBRS conducts a reasonableness review of information received and relied upon in accordance with its Methodologies and policies.
DBRS uses rating symbols as a concise method of expressing its opinion to the market, but there are a limited number of rating categories for the possible slight risk differentials that exist across the rating spectrum and DBRS does not assert that credit ratings in the same category are of “exactly” the same quality.
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APPENDIX B
Proxy Voting Policy
In accordance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Adviser Act of 1940, as amended, it is the policy of OCA to vote all proxies in respect of securities in client accounts ("Client Securities") in a manner consistent with best interests of the Firm’s clients.
The CCO is responsible for ensuring adherence to this Proxy Voting Policy (the "Policy"). For proxies related to the Collective Investment Vehicle, the Fund’s Administrator shall co- ordinate the preparation and filing of Form N-PX with the Trust. The COO reviews form N-PX in coordination with PMP on an annual basis.
1. General Intent
The Firm generally will monitor proposed corporate actions and proxy matters in respect of client securities, and may take any of the following actions based on the best interests of our clients: (i) determine how to vote the proxies, (ii) abstain, or (iii) follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service in voting the proxies.
In general, the Firm will determine how to vote proxies based on our reasonable judgment of that vote most likely to produce favorable financial results for our clients. Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders; proxy votes generally will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. However, the Firm will consider both sides of each proxy issue. Consistent with the Firm’s paramount commitment to the financial investment goals of its clients, social considerations will not be considered absent contrary client mandate.
2. Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest between the Firm or a principal of the Firm and the Firm’s clients in respect of a proxy issue conceivably may arise, for example, from personal or professional relationships with a company or with the directors, candidates for director, or senior executives of a company that is the issuer of client securities.
If the CCO determines that a material conflict of interest exists, the following procedures shall be followed:
(a) The Firm may abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting client interests (for example, where client accounts hold different client securities in a competitive merger situation);
(b) The Firm may follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service in voting the proxies;
(c) The Firm may confer with separate account clients on how to vote the proxy; or
(d) In the case of the Collective Investment Vehicle, disclose the conflict to the Trust’s CCO and obtain the Board of Manager’s consent to vote or direct the matter to an independent third party, selected by the Board of Managers, for a vote determination. If the Board of Manager’s consent or the independent third party’s determination is not received in a timely manner, OCA will abstain from voting the proxy.
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3. Recordkeeping Requirements
The Firm shall maintain the following records relating to this policy:
(a) A copy of the policy as it may be amended from time to time.
(b) A copy of each proxy statement received by the Firm in respect of client securities. This requirement may be satisfied by relying on a third party to make and retain, on the Firm’s behalf, a copy of a proxy statement (provided that the Firm has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the proxy statement promptly upon request), or the Firm may rely on obtaining a copy of a proxy statement from the SEC's EDGAR system.
(c) A record of each vote cast by the Firm on behalf of a client. This requirement may be satisfied by relying on a third party to make and retain, on the Firm’s behalf, a record of the vote cast (provided that the Firm has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the record promptly upon request).
(d) A copy of any document created by the Firm that was material to making a decision about how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision.
(e) All of the foregoing records shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in the offices of the Firm.
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(OCFS )
Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.
PROSPECTUS
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense..
Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Financial Highlights | |||||
FUND SUMMARY | ||
The Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long-term capital appreciation.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | |||||
| Management Fees | |||||
| Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | |||||
Other Expenses(1)(2) | |||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |||||
(1) Estimated for the current fiscal year.
(2) Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”), Otter Creek Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”) has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund except for the fee paid to the Advisor pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, and distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
| 1 Year | 3 Years | ||||
| $ | $ | ||||
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 7 % of the average value of its portfolio. (The Fund commenced operations on May 17, 2024.)
The Fund intends to invest a substantial portion of its assets in the Advisor’s best ideas. Best ideas are the ideas where the Advisor has the highest conviction in the potential fundamental trajectory of the business over a multi-year time relative to what is discounted into
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the price of the security. Generally, the Fund will own approximately 20-35 holdings. Fund holdings may occasionally differ from this number for a variety of reasons, including, among others, because of extreme market volatility, such as when the Fund has entered a temporary defensive position. Additionally, the Fund may temporarily exceed the stated number of holdings when it acquires a new holding and determines that it is in the best interests of shareholders to sell an existing holding over a period of time, instead of immediately selling the entire holding. The Fund may, from time to time, have significant exposure to one or more sectors of the market. As of October 31, 2024, 38.3% of the Fund’s net assets were invested in securities within the Industrials sector, while 32.2% of the Fund’s net assets were invested in the Technology sector.
The Advisor may sell a security for a number of reasons including, but not limited to, if a determination is made that the security no longer meets its investment criteria or if a new security is judged more attractive than a current holding. The Advisor buys securities in strong business models that are run by competent management teams and trade at a discount to our estimate of the securities’ fair value price. The Advisor may sell securities when the price of the security is near our estimate of fair value.
•Small-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.
•Equity Securities Risk: The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for the Fund’s portfolio or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions.
•ETF Risks: The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:
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•Sector-Focus Risk: Investing a significant portion of the Fund’s assets in one sector of the market exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential monetary losses than if those assets were spread among various sectors.
◦Industrials Sector Risk: Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in the supply of and demand for products and services, product obsolescence, claims for environmental damage or product liability and changes in general economic conditions, among other factors.
◦Technology Sector Risk: The information technology sector can be significantly affected by rapid obsolescence of existing technology, short product cycles, falling prices and profits, competition from new market entrants, government regulation, and general economic condition.
The remaining principal risks are presented in alphabetical order. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.
•Foreign Investment Risk: Foreign securities involve increased risks due to political, social and economic developments abroad, as well as due to differences between U.S. and foreign regulatory practices. When the Fund invests in ADRs as a substitute for an investment directly in the underlying foreign shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the ADRs may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the underlying foreign shares. GDRs generally are subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted.
•Large Companies Risk: Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges like changes in consumer tastes or innovative smaller competitors. Also, large‑cap companies are sometimes unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.
•Investments in Other Investment Companies: To the extent the Fund invests in shares of other investment companies, you will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by those investment companies and will be subject to the risks that those investment companies are subject to.
The Fund commenced operations on May 17, 2024, after the conversion of a separately managed account (the “Predecessor Account”) into shares of the Fund. The Predecessor Account commenced operations on May 29, 2020. The Advisor was the investment adviser for the Predecessor Account for the entire performance period shown. The Predecessor Account transferred all its portfolio securities to the Fund.
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The information in the bar chart and the performance table below shown prior to May 17, 2024, is for the Predecessor Account prior to the commencement of the Fund’s operations. The Fund’s objectives, policies, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Predecessor Account. The Predecessor Account has been managed in substantially the same way as the Advisor will manage the Fund. The returns for the Predecessor Account reflect its performance prior to the conversion into the Fund. In addition, the Predecessor Account’s performance shown below has been recalculated using the management fee that applies to the Fund, which has the effect of reducing the Predecessor Account’s performance. The Predecessor Account was not registered under the 1940 Act and therefore was not subject to certain restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act on registered investment companies and by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on regulated investment companies. If the Predecessor Account had been registered under the 1940 Act, the Predecessor Account’s performance may have been adversely affected. Past performance before and after taxes does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Returns for the Fund’s shares reflect all charges, expenses, and fees of the Predecessor Account.
The performance of the Predecessor Account was calculated using standardized SEC calculation methodologies.
| 1 Year | Since Inception ( | |||||||
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Management
Investment Advisor
Otter Creek Advisors, LLC serves as investment advisor to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
The Fund is team-managed by the following Portfolio Managers:
| Portfolio Managers | ||||||||
| Name | Title | Managed the Fund Since | ||||||
| Tyler C. Walling | Principal | Inception May 2024 | ||||||
| Cory J. Reed, CFA | Principal | Inception May 2024 | ||||||
Purchase and Sale of Shares
Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through brokers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.
Investors may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). Recent information about the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads is available on the Fund’s website at www.otterfs.com.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an IRA or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Financial Intermediary Compensation
If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Advisor or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND
Investment Objective. The Fund seeks long-term capital appreciation. The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental; that is, it can be changed by a vote of the Board of Trustees alone and without a shareholder vote upon at least 60 days’ prior written notice to shareholders.
Temporary Defensive Position
To respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, or other high quality short-term investments. Examples of temporary defensive investments include short-term U.S. government securities, commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, other money market instruments, and ETFs that invest in the foregoing instruments. The Fund also may invest in these types of defensive investments or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective.
Principal Investment Risks. Before investing in the Fund, you should carefully consider your own investment goals, the amount of time you are willing to leave your money invested and the amount of risk you are willing to take. Remember that in addition to possibly not achieving your investment goals, you could lose money by investing in the Fund. The value of your investment in the Fund will fluctuate with the prices of the securities in which the Fund invests. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are discussed in more detail below in order of relevance to the Fund:
Small and Medium Companies Risk. Because investing in smaller‑sized companies may have more risk than investing in larger, more established companies, such an investment by the Fund may have the following additional risks:
•The earnings and prospects of small‑ or medium‑sized companies are more volatile than those of larger‑sized companies;
•Small‑ and medium‑sized companies may experience higher failure rates than larger‑sized companies;
•Analysts and other investors typically follow these companies less actively and information about these companies is not always readily available;
•The trading volume of securities of small‑ and medium‑sized companies is normally lower and such securities may be less liquid than those of larger‑sized companies, which may disproportionately affect their stock prices, and may cause their stock prices to fall more in response to selling pressure than is the case with larger‑sized companies; and
•Small‑ and medium‑sized companies may have limited markets, product lines, or financial resources and may lack management experience, making these companies more susceptible to economic and market setbacks.
For these and other reasons, the security prices of small‑ and medium‑capitalization companies may fluctuate more significantly than the security prices of large‑capitalization companies. The smaller the company, the greater effect these risks may have on that company’s operations and performance. As a result, such an investment by the Fund may exhibit a higher degree of volatility than the general domestic securities market.
Large Companies Risk. Large company stock risk is the risk that stocks of larger companies may underperform relative to those of small and mid‑sized companies. Larger, more established companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes. Many larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rate of successful smaller companies, especially during extended periods of economic expansion.
Equity Securities Risk. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of changes in the broad market or changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for the Fund’s portfolio or the securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions. Equity securities are subject to “stock market risk” meaning that stock prices in general (or in particular, the prices of the types of securities in which the Fund invests) may decline over short or extended periods of time. When the value of the Fund’s securities goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value. If you hold common stocks of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you hold preferred stocks or debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders and other creditors of such issuers.
Management Risk. Management risk describes the Fund’s ability to meet investment objectives based on the Advisor’s success or failure at implementing investment strategies for the Fund. The value of your investment is subject to the effectiveness of the Advisor’s research, analysis, asset allocation among portfolio securities and ability to identify a stock’s appreciation potential. If the Advisor’s investment strategies do not produce the expected results, your investment could be diminished.
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ETF Risks. The Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, is exposed to the following risks:
APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid-ask spread.” The bid-ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and the spread is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in the Fund, asset swings in the Fund, and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid-ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. The market price of Fund shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid-ask” spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade the Fund’s shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Fund shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Fund shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Fund shares. The Advisor believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage opportunities.
Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500® Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (e.g., 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares, and this could lead to differences between the market price of the Shares and the underlying value of those Shares.
Sector-Focus Risk. Investing a significant portion of the Fund’s assets in one sector of the market exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential monetary losses than if those assets were spread among various sectors. If the Fund’s portfolio is overweighted in a certain sector, any negative development affecting that sector will have a greater impact on the Fund than a fund that is not overweighted in that sector.
Industrials Sector Risk. The value of securities issued by companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by supply and demand changes related to their specific products or services and industrials sector products in general. The products of manufacturing companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction. Global events, trade disputes and changes in government regulations, economic conditions and exchange rates may adversely affect the performance of companies in the industrials sector. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by liability for environmental damage and product liability claims. The industrials sector may also be adversely affected by changes or trends in commodity prices, which may be influenced by unpredictable factors.
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Aerospace and defense companies, a component of the industrials sector, can be significantly affected by government spending policies because companies involved in this industry rely, to a significant extent, on government demand for their products and services. Thus, the financial condition of, and investor interest in, aerospace and defense companies are heavily influenced by governmental defense spending policies, which are typically under pressure from efforts to control government budgets. Transportation stocks, a component of the industrials sector, are cyclical and can be significantly affected by economic changes, fuel prices, labor relations and insurance costs. Transportation companies in certain countries may also be subject to significant government regulation and oversight, which may adversely affect their businesses. Companies in the industrials sector, particularly aerospace and defense companies, may also be adversely affected by government spending policies because companies in this sector tend to rely to a significant extent on government demand for their products and services.
Technology Sector Risk. Information technology companies are generally subject to the risks of rapidly changing technologies; short product life cycles; fierce competition; aggressive pricing and reduced profit margins; the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections; cyclical market patterns; evolving industry standards; and frequent new product introductions. Information technology companies may be smaller and less experienced companies, with limited product lines, markets or financial resources and fewer experienced management or marketing personnel. Information technology company stocks, especially those which are internet-related, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated to their operating performance.
The remaining risks are considered “principal risks” of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which they appear.
General Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes due to a number of factors, including: inflation (or expectations for inflation); deflation (or expectations for deflation); interest rates; global demand for particular products or resources; natural disasters or events; pandemic diseases; terrorism; regulatory events; other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics.
Foreign Investment Risk. Foreign securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than securities of U.S. companies because a limited number of companies represent a small number of industries. Foreign issuers are not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation or political changes could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a foreign company. ADRs do not eliminate all of the risks associated with direct investment in the securities of foreign issuers. Sponsored ADRs are issued with the support of the issuer of the foreign stock underlying the ADRs and carry all of the rights of common shares, including voting rights. The underlying securities of the ADRs in the Fund’s portfolio are usually denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As a result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, because the underlying securities of ADRs trade on foreign exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, the value of the securities underlying the ADRs may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, regardless of whether there is an active U.S. market for the shares. The Fund’s investments in foreign securities may be in the form of depositary receipts, such as GDRs, which are issued by U.S. depository banks and evidence ownership of the underlying securities. GDRs generally are subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted. GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. Investments in GDRs, involve risks similar to those accompanying direct investments in foreign securities.
Newer Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized investment company with little operating history. As a result, prospective investors have limited track record or history on which to base their investment decision.
Investments in Other Investment Companies. Investments in other investment companies, including ETFs (which may, in turn, invest in stocks, bonds, and other financial vehicles), involve substantially the same risks as investing directly in the instruments held by these entities. However, the investment may involve duplication of certain fees and expenses. By investing in an investment company or ETF, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that fund. As a result, the Fund’s shareholders indirectly bear their proportionate share of the investment company’s or ETF’s fees and expenses which are paid by the Fund as a shareholder of the fund. These fees and expenses are in addition to the fees and expenses the Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations. If the investment company or ETF fails to achieve its investment objective, the Fund’s investment in that fund may adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
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PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information about the Fund’s daily portfolio holdings is available at www.otterfs.com. A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
MANAGEMENT
Investment Advisor
The Fund is managed by Otter Creek Advisors, LLC, located at 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408, a privately owned Florida corporation. The Advisor provides investment advisory services to the Fund, as well as other registered investment products. The Advisor also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration, securities lending, distribution, and all other services necessary for the Fund to operate. For the services it provides to the Fund, the Fund pays the Advisor a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund except for interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b‑1 under the 1940 Act, and the unified management fee payable to the Advisor.
The basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement is available in the Fund’s first Annual or Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024..
Portfolio Managers
The Fund is team-managed by the Portfolio Managers listed below.
Tyler C. Walling. Mr. Walling is a Principal and Portfolio Manager with the Advisor. Mr. Walling joined the previous investment advisor in May 2011 and serves as an investment professional. Prior to joining the General Partner of Otter Creek Management, Mr. Walling worked at Goldman Sachs & Co., an investment banking and securities firm, in New York, New York, as a Global Investment Research Associate from August 2009 through May 2011 and as a Global Investment Research Analyst from July 2006 through July 2009. While at Goldman Sachs & Co., Mr. Walling performed in-depth fundamental research and analysis for food, beverage, and tobacco companies, auto manufacturers and auto parts suppliers. Mr. Walling received his BS in Finance from Lehigh University in 2006.
Cory J. Reed, CFA. Mr. Reed is a Principal and Portfolio Manager with the Advisor. Mr. Reed joined the investment advisor in September 2016 and served as an investment professional. Prior to joining Otter Creek Advisors, Mr. Reed worked at Tetrem Capital Management, a Canadian investment firm based in Winnipeg, MB and Boston, MA, as Head of Trading from March 2013 through September 2016. Prior to that Mr. Reed spent time at LPL Financial in the research department, and with Needham and Company. While at Needham and Co. Mr. Reed performed in-depth fundamental research and analysis for Financial Technology, and IT Hardware companies. Mr. Reed started his career with Westfield Capital Management as an Assistant Trader. Mr. Reed received his BS in Business Administration from The University of Maine in 2007. Mr. Reed is also a CFA Charter holder.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers’ compensation structure, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, and the Portfolio Managers’ ownership of Shares.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor (defined below), and that has been accepted by the Fund’s transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.
Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the bid-ask spread on your transactions. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.
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Book Entry
Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.
Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares
The Fund imposes no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with the Fund, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Fund accommodates frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Fund employs fair value pricing and may impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting trades. In addition, the Fund and the Advisor reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.
Determination of NAV
The Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued by the Advisor at fair value pursuant to procedures established by the Advisor and approved by the Board (as described below).
Fair Value Pricing
The Advisor has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Fund pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee, the Advisor has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund securities whose market prices are not “readily available” or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) a security has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market. The Board has appointed the Advisor as the Fund’s valuation designee to perform all fair valuations of the Fund’s portfolio investments, subject to the Board’s oversight. Accordingly, the Advisor has established procedures for its fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments. Generally, when fair valuing a security held by the Fund, the Advisor will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer’s business, recent trades or offers of the security, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the security. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the Advisor. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Advisor’s fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other sources. In addition, the Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.
Investments by Registered Investment Companies
Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including Shares. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Fund beyond the limits set forth in section 12(d)(1) subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Fund.
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Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding
Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Fund. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Fund is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.
DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
The Fund intends to pay out dividends and net realized capital gains, if any, to its shareholders at least annually. The Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.
The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Fund. Your investment in the Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. This summary does not apply to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.
Taxes
The Fund intends to elect and qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when the Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).
Taxes on Distributions
For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.
Distributions reported by the Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund received in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Dividends received by the Fund from an underlying fund taxable as a RIC may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such underlying fund. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations.
Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and character of any distributions received from the Fund.
U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
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In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares’ NAV when you purchased your Shares).
You may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.
If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in Shares and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits in respect of those Shares will be treated as gain from the sale of the Shares.
If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of Shares by non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Different tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder engaged in a trade or business within the United States or if a tax treaty applies.
The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage (currently 24%) of the taxable distributions and sale proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.
Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange
Provided that a shareholder holds Shares as capital assets, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.
The cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units
An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP’s aggregate basis in the securities delivered, plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP’s basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for an AP who does not mark-to-market its holdings), or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss might be deductible.
The Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. The Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.
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Taxation of Complex Investments
The Fund’s investments are subject to complex provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (e.g., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without the Fund receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts sufficient to enable the Fund to satisfy the RIC distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make appropriate tax elections, and intends to make appropriate entries in its books and records to mitigate the effect of these rules and preserve the Fund’s qualification for treatment as a RIC.
If positions held by the Fund are treated as “straddles” for federal income tax purposes, or the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to a position was otherwise diminished as set forth in Treasury Regulations, the Fund will be subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of the Fund’s gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) any loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that the Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) the Fund’s holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that are part of a mixed straddle and that are not subject to Section 1256 of the Code be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “Federal Income Taxes” in the SAI.
DISTRIBUTION
The Distributor, Quasar Distributors, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (d/b/a ACA Group), is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Fund or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Fund. The Distributor’s principal address is 111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.
The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION
Information regarding how often Shares of the Fund trade on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund is available on the Fund’s website at www.otterfs.com.
SHAREHOLDER DERIVATIVE ACTIONS
The governing instruments of the Fund state that shareholders have power to the same extent as the stockholders of a Massachusetts business corporation as to whether or not a court action, proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the Trust or the shareholders.
The Trust’s Declaration of Trust provides that the Business Litigation Section of the Superior Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts sitting in Suffolk County, Massachusetts shall be the exclusive forum in which certain types of litigation may be brought. Any person purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of beneficial interest of the Trust shall be (i) deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this provision, and (ii) deemed to have waived any argument relating to the inconvenience of the judicial forum referenced above in connection with any action or proceeding described in provision. This provision does not apply to federal security law claims.
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following table illustrates the financial performance for the Fund for the fiscal periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. “Total return” illustrates how much your investment in the Fund would have increased or decreased during each period, assuming you had reinvested all dividends and distributions. This information has been audited by Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. Their report and the Fund’s financial statements are included in the Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR.
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Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS For a capital share outstanding throughout each period | ||
Period Ended October 31, 2024(a) | |||||
PER SHARE DATA: | |||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 24.55 | |||
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||
Net investment loss(b) | (0.04) | ||||
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments(c) | 2.56 | ||||
| Total from investment operations | 2.52 | ||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 27.07 | |||
Total return at NAV(d)(g) | 10.27 | % | |||
Total return at MKT(d)(g) | 10.21 | % | |||
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 8,528 | |||
Ratio of expenses to average net assets(e) | 0.85 | % | |||
Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets(e) | (0.35) | % | |||
Portfolio turnover rate(d)(f) | 7 | % | |||
(a)Inception date of the Fund was May 17, 2024.
(b)Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the period.
(c)Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the years, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the year.
(d)Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(e)Annualized for periods less than one year.
(f)Portfolio turnover rate excludes in-kind transactions.
(g)Net asset value total investment return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, if any, at net asset value during the period, and redemption at the net asset value on the last day of the period. Market value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at the net asset value during the period, and sale at the market value on the last day of the period. The market price per share as of October 31, 2024 was $27.06.
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Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF
| Advisor | Otter Creek Advisors, LLC 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500 Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408 | Custodian | U.S. Bank National Association 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 | ||||||||
| Transfer Agent, Index Receipt Agent, and Administrator | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 | Distributor | Quasar Distributors, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101 | ||||||||
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Tait, Weller & Baker LLP Two Liberty Place, 50 South 16th Street, Suite 2900 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 | Legal Counsel | Sullivan & Worcester LLP 1251 Avenue of the Americas 19th Floor New York, New York 10020 | ||||||||
Investors may find more information about the Fund in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information: The Fund’s SAI provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports and Form N-CSR: Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal period the Fund is in operation. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
You can obtain free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Fund by contacting the Fund at Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or calling 1-800-617-0004.
Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund are also available:
•Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or
•Free of charge from the Fund’s Internet web site at www.otterfs.com; or
•For a fee, by e-mail request to [email protected].
(The Trust’s SEC Investment Company Act file number is 811‑05037.)
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 28, 2025
Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF
(OCFS)
Listed on NYSE Arca, Inc.
11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408
1-800-617-0004
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the related Prospectus dated February 28, 2025, as may be supplemented from time to time, of the Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF (the “Fund”), a series of Professionally Managed Portfolios (the “Trust”). Otter Creek Advisors, LLC (the “Advisor”) is the advisor to the Fund. A copy of the Fund’s Prospectus is available by calling the number listed above.
The Fund’s audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal year (when available) are incorporated into this SAI by reference to the Fund’s most recent Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR (File No. 811-05037). When available, you may obtain a copy of the Fund’s Certified Shareholder Report on Form N-CSR at no charge by contacting the Fund at the address or phone number listed above.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODIAN, AND TRANSFER AGENT | |||||
| THE DISTRIBUTOR | |||||
| LEGAL COUNSEL | |||||
| INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM | |||||
| DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | |||||
| FEDERAL INCOME TAXES | |||||
| A-1 | |||||
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THE TRUST
The Trust is a Massachusetts business trust organized on February 24, 1987 and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an open-end management investment company. Prior to May 1991, the Trust was known as the Avondale Investment Trust. The Trust’s Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) permits the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”) to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest, without par value, which may be issued in any number of series. The Trust consists of various series that represent separate investment portfolios. The Board may, from time to time, issue other series, the assets and liabilities of which will be separate and distinct from any other series. This SAI relates only to the Fund.
The shareholders of a Massachusetts business trust could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable as partners for its obligations. However, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust.
The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification and reimbursement of expenses out of the Fund’s assets for any shareholder held personally liable for obligations of the Fund or the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trust shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act or obligation of the Fund or the Trust and satisfy any judgment thereon. All such rights are limited to the assets of the Fund. The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trust may maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents to cover possible tort and other liabilities. However, the activities of the Trust as an investment company would not likely give rise to liabilities in excess of the Trust’s total assets. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance exists and the Fund itself is unable to meet its obligations.
The Fund issues and redeem Shares (“Shares”) at net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in large blocks of Shares (“Creation Units” or “Creation Unit Aggregations”). Each Creation Unit is made up of at least 10,000 Shares, though these amounts may change from time to time. The Fund generally offers and issues Shares in exchange for a basket of securities (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, principally for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors (authorized participants) who have entered into agreements with the Trust’s distributor, can purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares of the Fund are not redeemable securities.
Shares of the Fund are listed on a national securities exchange, NYSE Arca, Inc (the “Exchange”), as indicated on the cover of this SAI, and trade throughout the day on the Exchange and other secondary markets at market prices that may differ from NAV.
Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Trust may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers’ commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary level.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the prices of Shares in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
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The Fund commenced operations on May 17, 2024, after converting a separately managed account (the “Predecessor Account”) into shares of the Fund. The Predecessor Account commenced operations on May 29, 2020. The Fund’s objectives, policies, guidelines and restrictions are, in all material respects, equivalent to those of the Predecessor Account. The Predecessor Account has been managed in substantially the same way as the Advisor will manage the Fund. The Predecessor Account was not registered under the 1940 Act and therefore was not subject to certain restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act on registered investment companies and by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on regulated investment companies.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS
The Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies are described in the Prospectus. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus. For a description of certain permitted investments, see “Description of Permitted Investments” in this SAI.
With respect to the Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.
Diversification. The Fund is diversified. This means that with respect to 75% of its total assets, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of a single issuer or hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer. Under applicable federal securities laws, the diversification of a mutual fund’s holdings is measured at the time the Fund purchases a security. If the Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the Fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by the Fund, the Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers. The Fund would then be subject to the risk that its performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few securities despite the Fund qualifying as a diversified fund under applicable federal securities laws.
All percentage limitations on investments will apply at the time of investment and will not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of the investment. As a result, the actual investments making up the Fund’s portfolio may not at a particular time comport with any such limitation due to increases or decreases in the values of securities or market capitalizations of the issuers of securities held by the Fund.
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s principal investment strategies as set forth in the combined Prospectus. The Fund may invest in the following types of investments, each of which is subject to certain risks, as discussed below.
Market and Regulatory Risk. Events in the financial markets and economy may cause volatility and uncertainty and affect performance. Such adverse effect on performance could include a decline in the value and liquidity of securities held by the Fund, unusually high and unanticipated levels of redemptions, an increase in portfolio turnover, a decrease in NAV, and an increase in Fund expenses. It may also be unusually difficult to identify both investment risks and opportunities, in which case investment objectives may not be met. Market events may affect a single issuer, industry, sector, or the market as a whole. Traditionally liquid investments may experience periods of diminished liquidity. During a general downturn in the financial markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value and the Fund may lose value, regardless of the individual results of the securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests. It is impossible to predict whether or for how long such market events will continue, particularly if they are unprecedented, unforeseen or widespread events or conditions, pandemics, epidemics, and other similar circumstances in one or more countries or regions. Therefore, it is important to understand that the value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply and for extended periods, and you could lose money.
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Governmental and regulatory actions, including tax law changes, may also impair portfolio management and have unexpected or adverse consequences on particular markets, strategies, or investments. Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are affecting many aspects of financial regulation, and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. In addition, economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic and financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.
Special Risks Related to Cyber Security. The Fund and its service providers are susceptible to cyber security risks that include, among other things, theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; denial of service attacks; unauthorized access to relevant systems, compromises to networks or devices that the Fund and its service providers use to service the Fund’s operations; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. Cyber attacks against or security breakdowns of the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders, potentially resulting in, among other things, financial losses; the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions; inability to calculate the Fund’s NAV; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund may incur additional costs for cyber security risk management and remediation purposes. In addition, cyber security risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Fund’s investment in such issuers to lose value. There can be no assurance that the Fund or its service providers will not suffer losses relating to cyber attacks or other information security breaches in the future.
Description of Permitted Investments.
The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices and the associated risk factors. The Fund will only invest in any of the following instruments or engage in any of the following investment practices if such investment or activity is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and permitted by the Fund’s stated investment policies. The Fund may be subject to the risks described below as a result of direct investments in such instruments or indirect investments in such instruments through investments in other pooled investment vehicles, such as other ETFs.
Equity Securities. Equity securities, such as the common stocks of an issuer, are subject to stock market fluctuations and therefore may experience volatile changes in value as market conditions, consumer sentiment or the financial condition of the issuers change. A decrease in value of the equity securities in the Fund’s portfolio may also cause the value of the Fund’s Shares to decline.
An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding of the risks inherent in an investment in equity securities, including the risk that the financial condition of issuers may become impaired or that the general condition of the stock market may deteriorate (either of which may cause a decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore a decrease in the value of Shares). Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence and perceptions change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors, including expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic, public health, or banking crises.
Holders of common stocks incur more risk than holders of preferred stocks and debt obligations because common stockholders, as owners of the issuer, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from the issuer in comparison with the rights of creditors or holders of debt obligations or preferred stocks. Further, unlike debt securities, which typically have a stated principal amount payable at maturity (whose value,
4
however, is subject to market fluctuations prior thereto), or preferred stocks, which typically have a liquidation preference and which may have stated optional or mandatory redemption provisions, common stocks have neither a fixed principal amount nor a maturity. Common stock values are subject to market fluctuations as long as the common stock remains outstanding.
Types of Equity Securities:
Common Stocks — Common stocks represent units of ownership in a company. Common stocks usually carry voting rights and earn dividends. Unlike preferred stocks, which are described below, dividends on common stocks are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the company’s board of directors.
Preferred Stocks — Preferred stocks are also units of ownership in a company. Preferred stocks normally have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of the company. However, in all other respects, preferred stocks are subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are generally not entitled to vote on corporate matters. Types of preferred stocks include adjustable-rate preferred stock, fixed dividend preferred stock, perpetual preferred stock, and sinking fund preferred stock.
Generally, the market values of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element vary inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk.
Rights and Warrants — A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is issued. Rights normally have a short life of usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the public offering price. Warrants are securities that are usually issued together with a debt security or preferred stock and that give the holder the right to buy proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price. Warrants are freely transferable and are traded on major exchanges. Unlike rights, warrants normally have a life that is measured in years and entitles the holder to buy common stock of a company at a price that is usually higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. Corporations often issue warrants to make the accompanying debt security more attractive.
An investment in warrants and rights may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.
Medium-Sized Companies — Investors in medium-sized companies typically take on greater risk and price volatility than they would by investing in larger, more established companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of their medium size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of management depth. The securities of medium-sized companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and might not be traded in volumes typical of securities traded on a national securities exchange. Thus, the securities of medium capitalization companies are likely to be less liquid, and subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements, than securities of larger, more established companies.
Smaller-Sized Companies — Investors in smaller-sized companies typically take on greater risk and price volatility than they would by investing in larger, more established companies. This increased risk may be due to the greater business risks of their smaller size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and frequent lack of management depth. The securities of smaller-sized companies are often traded in the over-the-counter market and might not be traded in volumes typical of securities traded on a national securities exchange.
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Thus, the securities of smaller capitalization companies are likely to be less liquid, and subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements, than securities of larger, more established companies.
Tracking Stocks — The Fund may invest in tracking stocks. A tracking stock is a separate class of common stock whose value is linked to a specific business unit or operating division within a larger company and which is designed to “track” the performance of such business unit or division. The tracking stock may pay dividends to shareholders independent of the parent company. The parent company, rather than the business unit or division, generally is the issuer of tracking stock. However, holders of the tracking stock may not have the same rights as holders of the company’s common stock.
Fixed-Income Securities. The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities. Fixed-income securities include a broad array of short-, medium-, and long-term obligations issued by the U.S. or foreign governments, government or international agencies and instrumentalities, and corporate and private issuers of various types. The maturity date is the date on which a fixed-income security matures. This is the date on which the borrower must pay back the borrowed amount, which is known as the principal. Some fixed-income securities represent uncollateralized obligations of their issuers; in other cases, the securities may be backed by specific assets (such as mortgages or other receivables) that have been set aside as collateral for the issuer’s obligation. Fixed-income securities generally involve an obligation of the issuer to pay interest or dividends on either a current basis or at the maturity of the security, as well as the obligation to repay the principal amount of the security at maturity. The rate of interest on fixed-income securities may be fixed, floating, or variable. Some securities pay a higher interest rate than the current market rate. An investor may have to pay more than the security’s principal to compensate the seller for the value of the higher interest rate. This additional payment is a premium. Fixed-income securities are subject to credit risk, market risk, and interest rate risk. Except to the extent values are affected by other factors such as developments relating to a specific issuer, generally the value of a fixed-income security can be expected to rise when interest rates decline and, conversely, the value of such a security can be expected to fall when interest rates rise. Some fixed-income securities also involve prepayment or call risk. This is the risk that the issuer will repay the Fund the principal on the security before it is due, thus depriving the Fund of a favorable stream of future interest or dividend payments. The Fund could buy another security, but that other security might pay a lower interest rate. In addition, many fixed-income securities contain call or buy-back features that permit their issuers to call or repurchase the securities from their holders. Such securities may present risks based on payment expectations. Although the Fund would typically receive a premium if an issuer were to redeem a security, if an issuer were to exercise a call option and redeem the security during times of declining interest rates, the Fund may realize a capital loss on its investment if the security was purchased at a premium and the Fund may be forced to replace the called security with a lower yielding security.
Changes by nationally recognized securities rating organizations (“NRSROs”) in their ratings of any fixed-income security or the issuer of a fixed-income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the Fund’s NAV.
Duration is an estimate of how much a bond’s price will fluctuate in response to a change in interest rates. In general, the value of a fixed-income security with positive duration will generally decline if interest rates increase, whereas the value of a security with negative duration will generally decline if interest rates decrease. If interest rates rise by one percentage point, the price of debt securities with an average duration of five years would be expected to decline by about 5%. If rates decrease by a percentage point, the price of debt securities with an average duration of five years would be expected to rise by about 5%. The greater the duration of a bond (whether positive or negative), the greater its percentage price volatility. Only a pure discount bond – that is, one with no coupon or sinking-fund payments – has a duration equal to the remaining maturity of the bond, because only in this case does the present value of the final redemption payment represent the entirety of the present value of the bond. For all other bonds, duration is less than maturity.
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The Fund may invest in variable- or floating-rate securities (including, but not limited to, floating rate notes issued by the U.S. Treasury), which bear interest at rates subject to periodic adjustment or provide for periodic recovery of principal on demand. The value of the Fund’s investment in certain of these securities may depend on the Fund’s right to demand that a specified bank, broker-dealer, or other financial institution either purchase such securities from the Fund at par or make payment on short notice to the Fund of unpaid principal and/or interest on the securities.
Fixed-Income Securities Ratings. NRSROs publish ratings based upon their assessment of the relative creditworthiness of the rated fixed-income securities. Generally, a lower rating indicates higher credit risk, and higher yields are ordinarily available from fixed-income securities in the lower rating categories to compensate investors for the increased credit risk. Any use of credit ratings in evaluating fixed-income securities can involve certain risks. For example, ratings assigned by the rating agencies are based upon an analysis completed at the time of the rating of the obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal, typically relying to a large extent on historical data. Rating agencies typically rely to a large extent on historical data which may not accurately represent present or future circumstances. Ratings do not purport to reflect to risk of fluctuations in market value of the fixed-income security and are not absolute standards of quality and only express the rating agency’s current opinion of an obligor’s overall financial capacity to pay its financial obligations. A credit rating is not a statement of fact or a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a fixed-income obligation. Also, credit quality can change suddenly and unexpectedly, and credit ratings may not reflect the issuer’s current financial condition or events since the security was last rated. Rating agencies may have a financial interest in generating business, including the arranger or issuer of the security that normally pays for that rating, and a low rating might affect future business. While rating agencies have policies and procedures to address this potential conflict of interest, there is a risk that these policies will fail to prevent a conflict of interest from impacting the rating. Additionally, legislation has been enacted in an effort to reform rating agencies. Rules have also been adopted by the SEC to require rating agencies to provide additional disclosure and reduce conflicts of interest, and further reform has been proposed. It is uncertain how such legislation or additional regulation might impact the ratings agencies business and the Advisor’s investment process.
Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest its assets in U.S. dollar-denominated foreign equity securities including in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) issued by U.S. depository banks, which are traded on U.S. exchanges. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in foreign securities. In determining whether a company is foreign, the Advisor will consider various factors including where the company is headquartered, where the company’s principal operations are located, where the company’s revenues are derived, where the principal trading market is located and the country in which the company is legally organized. The weight given to each of these factors will vary depending upon the circumstances. Investments in foreign securities may involve a greater degree of risk than those in domestic securities.
ADRs in registered form are dollar‑denominated securities designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. ADRs are sponsored and issued by domestic banks and they represent and may be converted into underlying foreign securities deposited with the domestic bank or a correspondent bank. ADRs do not eliminate the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. By investing in ADRs rather than directly in the foreign security, however, the Fund may avoid currency risk during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. There is a large, liquid market in the United States for most ADRs. GDRs are receipts representing an arrangement with a major foreign bank similar to that for ADRs. GDRs are not necessarily denominated in the currency of the underlying security.
Securities of foreign companies may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than securities of U.S. companies because a limited number of companies represent a small number of industries. Many foreign countries lack uniform accounting and disclosure standards comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, and it may be more difficult to obtain reliable information regarding an issuer’s financial condition and operations.
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Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the resulting responses by the United States and other countries, and the potential for wider conflict could increase volatility and uncertainty in the financial markets and adversely affect regional and global economies. The United States and other countries have imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia, certain Russian individuals, banking entities and corporations, and Belarus as a response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and may impose sanctions on other countries that provide military or economic support to Russia. The sanctions restrict companies from doing business with Russia and Russian companies, prohibit transactions with the Russian central bank and other key Russian financial institutions and entities, ban Russian airlines and ships from using many other countries’ airspace and ports, respectively, and place a freeze on certain Russian assets. The sanctions also removed some Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT), the electronic network that connects banks globally to facilitate cross-border payments. In addition, the United States and the United Kingdom have banned oil and other energy imports from Russia, and the European Union has banned most Russian crude oil imports and refined petroleum products, with limited exceptions. The extent and duration of Russia’s military actions and the repercussions of such actions (including any retaliatory actions or countermeasures that may be taken by those subject to sanctions, including cyber attacks) are impossible to predict, but could result in significant market disruptions, including in certain industries or sectors, such as the oil and natural gas markets, and may negatively affect global supply chains, inflation and global growth. These and any related events could significantly impact the Fund’s performance and the value of an investment in the Fund, even if the Fund does not have direct exposure to Russian issuers or issuers in other countries affected by the invasion.
Illiquid Investments. The Fund may invest up to an aggregate amount of 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments, as such term is defined by Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act. The Fund may not invest in illiquid investments if, as a result of such investment, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets would be invested in illiquid investments. Illiquid investments include securities subject to contractual or other restrictions on resale and other instruments that lack readily available markets. The inability of the Fund to dispose of illiquid investments readily or at a reasonable price could impair the Fund’s ability to raise cash for redemptions or other purposes. The liquidity of securities purchased by the Fund that are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, except for certain 144A bonds, will be monitored by the Fund on an ongoing basis. In the event that more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets are invested in illiquid investments, the Fund, in accordance with Rule 22e-4(b)(1)(iv), will report the occurrence to both the Board and the SEC and seek to reduce its holdings of illiquid investments within a reasonable period of time.
Investment Company Securities. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, including money market funds and ETFs, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act and Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act. Investing in another pooled vehicle exposes the Fund to all the risks of that pooled vehicle. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the “acquired company”) provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies that are money market funds in excess of the limits discussed above.
If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund’s own investment advisor and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
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Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act that allows registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.
The Fund may rely on Section 12(d)(1)(F) and Rule 12d1-3 under the 1940 Act, which provide an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest all of its assets in other registered funds, including ETFs, if, among other conditions: (a) the Fund, together with its affiliates, acquires no more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any acquired fund, and (b) the sales load charged on Shares is no greater than the limits set forth in Rule 2341 of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”). Additionally, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act to invest in such other funds in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund complies with the terms and conditions of such rule.
Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies (including ETFs). As the shareholder of another ETF, the Fund would bear, along with other shareholders, its pro rata portion of the other ETF’s expenses, including advisory fees. Such expenses are in addition to the expenses the Fund pays in connection with its own operations. The Fund’s investments in other ETFs may be limited by applicable law.
Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETFs purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on investments in ETFs. ETFs also carry the risk that the price the Fund pays or receives may be higher or lower than the ETF’s NAV. ETFs are also subject to certain additional risks, including the risks of illiquidity and of possible trading halts due to market conditions or other reasons, based on the policies of the relevant exchange. ETFs and other investment companies in which the Fund may invest may be leveraged, which would increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV.
Other Short-Term Instruments. The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity or for other reasons. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds; (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase “Prime-1” by Moody’s or “A‑1” by S&P or, if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Advisor; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Advisor, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Money market instruments also include shares of money market funds. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.
Borrowing. Currently, the 1940 Act permits the Fund to borrow money from banks in amounts of up to one‑third of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed). To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules and regulations thereunder, the Fund may also borrow an additional 5% of its total assets without regard to the foregoing limitation for temporary purposes, such as the clearance of portfolio transactions. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the Fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings.
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Borrowing money to increase the Fund’s investment portfolio is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Fund’s net investment income in any given period.
The use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since substantially all of the Fund’s assets fluctuate in value, while the interest obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund’s agreement with its lender, the net asset value per share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. The Fund will reduce its borrowing amount within three days, if the Fund’s asset coverage falls below the amount required by the 1940 Act.
Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements with commercial banks, brokers or dealers to generate income from its excess cash balances and to invest securities lending cash collateral. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which the Fund acquires a financial instrument (e.g., a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance or a certificate of deposit) from a seller, subject to resale to the seller at an agreed upon price and date (normally, the next Business Day). A repurchase agreement may be considered a loan collateralized by securities. The resale price reflects an agreed upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by the Fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument.
In these repurchase agreement transactions, the securities acquired by the Fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and are held by the Custodian until repurchased. No more than an aggregate of 15% of the Fund’s net assets will be invested in illiquid investments, including repurchase agreements having maturities longer than seven days and securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or for which there are no readily available market quotations.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the other party to the agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security at a time when the value of the security has declined, the Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the security. If the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the Fund not within the control of the Fund and, therefore, the Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.
Sector Focus. The Fund may invest greater than 25% of its assets in one or more of the following sectors: consumer discretionary, consumer staples, energy, financials, health care, industrials, materials, information technology, real estate, utilities, and communications services. If the Fund’s portfolio is overweighted in a certain sector, any negative development affecting that sector will have a greater impact on the Fund than a fund that is not overweighted in that sector.
Securities Lending. The Fund reserves the right, pending receipt of Board approval, to lend portfolio securities in an amount up to one-third of its total assets to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions. In a portfolio securities lending transaction, the Fund receives from the borrower an amount equal to the interest paid or the
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dividends declared on the loaned securities during the term of the loan as well as the interest on the collateral securities, less any fees (such as finders or administrative fees) the Fund pays in arranging the loan. The Fund may share the interest it receives on the collateral securities with the borrower. The terms of the Fund’s loans permit the Fund to reacquire loaned securities on five business days’ notice or in time to vote on any important matter. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or borrower at any time, and the borrowed securities must be returned when the loan is terminated. The Fund may pay fees to arrange for securities loans.
The SEC currently requires that the following conditions must be met whenever the Fund’s portfolio securities are loaned: (1) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral from the borrower; (2) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities rises above the level of such collateral; (3) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan at any time; (4) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities, and any increase in market value; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees approved by the Board in connection with the loan; (6) while voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, the Board must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs; and (7) the Fund may not loan its portfolio securities so that the value of the loaned securities is more than one-third of its total asset value, including collateral received from such loans. These conditions may be subject to future modification. Such loans will be terminable at any time upon specified notice. The Fund might experience the risk of loss if the institution with which it has engaged in a portfolio loan transaction breaches its agreement with the Fund. In addition, the Fund will not enter into any portfolio security lending arrangement having a duration of longer than one year. The principal risk of portfolio lending is potential default or insolvency of the borrower. In either of these cases, the Fund could experience delays in recovering securities or collateral or could lose all or part of the value of the loaned securities. As part of participating in a lending program, the Fund may be required to invest in collateralized debt or other securities that bear the risk of loss of principal. In addition, all investments made with the collateral received are subject to the risks associated with such investments. If such investments lose value, the Fund will have to cover the loss when repaying the collateral.
Any loans of portfolio securities are fully collateralized based on values that are marked-to-market daily. Any securities that the Fund may receive as collateral will not become part of the Fund’s investment portfolio at the time of the loan and, in the event of a default by the borrower, the Fund will, if permitted by law, dispose of such collateral except for such part thereof that is a security in which the Fund is permitted to invest. During the time securities are on loan, the borrower will pay the Fund any accrued income on those securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral and earn income or receive an agreed-upon fee from a borrower that has delivered cash-equivalent collateral.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may borrow funds for temporary purposes by entering into reverse repurchase agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment restrictions. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund would sell portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers and agree to repurchase the securities at the mutually agreed-upon date and price. The Fund would enter into reverse repurchase agreements only to avoid otherwise selling securities during unfavorable market conditions to meet redemptions. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits the Fund to enter into reverse repurchase agreements, provided that the Fund treats the reverse repurchase agreements as a borrowing subject to the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act (see “Borrowing” above).
The use of reverse repurchase agreements by the Fund creates leverage which increases the Fund’s investment risk. If the income and gains on securities purchased with the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements exceed the cost of the agreements, the Fund’s earnings or NAV will increase faster than otherwise would be the case. Conversely, if the income and gains fail to exceed the costs, earnings or NAV would decline faster than otherwise would be the case. The Fund will seek to enter reverse repurchase agreements only when the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction is greater than the interest expense of the transaction. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase the securities.
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Regulation of Derivatives and Certain Other Transactions. The Fund is prohibited from investing in derivatives, excluding certain currency and interest rate hedging transactions. This restriction is not fundamental and may be changed by the Fund without a shareholder vote. If the Fund does determine to invest in derivatives in the future, it will comply with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act.
U.S. Government Securities. The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac”).
Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the “Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement” or “Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was amending the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth over the next three years. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Fund, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are protected.
The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008–2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that
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time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. An increase in national debt levels may also necessitate the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt ceiling to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. Government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. Future downgrades could increase volatility in domestic and foreign financial markets, result in higher interest rates, lower prices of U.S. Treasury securities and increase the costs of different kinds of debt. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt ceiling negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.
Temporary Defensive Positions. The Fund may take temporary defensive measures that are inconsistent with the Fund’s normal investment policies and strategies in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions as determined by the Advisor. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, investments in (1) highly liquid short-term fixed income securities issued by or on behalf of municipal or corporate issuers, obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit; (2) repurchase agreements involving any such securities; and (3) other money market instruments.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a “majority” of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:
1.With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of a single issuer or hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a single issuer;
2.As discussed in more detail on p. B-11, borrow money or issue senior securities, except through reverse repurchase agreements or otherwise as permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority. Generally, issuing senior securities is prohibited under the 1940 Act; however, certain exceptions apply such as in the case of reverse repurchase agreements, borrowing, and certain other leveraging transactions;
3.Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio);
4.Invest 25% or more of its net assets, calculated at the time of purchase and taken at market value, in securities of issuers in any one industry or group of industries (other than U.S. government securities);
5.Purchase or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in real estate);
6.Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This limitation shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling, or entering into futures contracts, or acquiring securities or other instruments thereon backed by, or related to, physical commodities; or
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7.Make loans of money (except purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund). For purposes of this limitation, entering into repurchase agreements, lending securities and acquiring any debt security are not deemed to be the making of loans.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE
The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Fund’s security holdings. The Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business and may be available through financial reporting and news services, including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, the composition of the Deposit Securities (as defined below) is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”).
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.
There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares. The Exchange will consider the suspension of trading in, and will initiate delisting proceedings of, the Shares if any of the requirements set forth in the Exchange rules, including compliance with Rule 6c-11(c) under the 1940 Act, are not continuously maintained or such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the Shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price levels of Shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the investment activities of the Fund. The Board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust, who are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Trust and its separate series. The current trustees and officers of the Trust, their year of birth, positions with the Trust, terms of office with the Trust and length of time served, their principal occupations for the past five years and other directorships are set forth in the table below.
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr (born 1955) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee Chairperson | Indefinite Term; Since November 2018. Indefinite Term; Since February 2023. | Retired; Former Chair of the Governing Council, Independent Directors Council (since 2020); formerly, President, owner of a registered investment adviser, Productive Capital Management, Inc. (2010 to 2013); formerly, Chief Administrative Officer, Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Director of Allegiant Asset Management Company (merged with PNC Capital Advisors, LLC in 2009); formerly, Chief Administrative Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President of PNC Funds and PNC Advantage Funds (f/k/a Allegiant Funds) (registered investment companies). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Independent Trustee for the William Blair Funds (2013 to present) (18 series). | ||||||||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis (born 1973) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since September 2011. | Chief Operating Officer, Tidal Financial Group (2024 to present); formerly, Chief Growth Officer, Tidal Financial Group (2022 to 2023); Chief Executive Officer, Tidal ETF Services LLC (2018 to present); formerly, Chief Operating Officer, Direxion Funds (2013 to 2018); formerly, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions), U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (1997 to 2013). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Interested Trustee, Tidal Trust II (2022 to present) (41 series); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Interested Trustee, Tidal ETF Trust I (2018 to Present) (40 series); Former Interested Trustee, Direxion Funds (36 series), Direxion Shares ETF Trust (112 series) and Direxion Insurance Trust (2013 to 2018). | ||||||||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli (born 1950) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since May 1991. | Consultant; formerly, Executive Vice President, Investment Company Administration, LLC (mutual fund administrator). | 2 | Independent Director, Muzinich Corporate Lending Income Fund, Inc. (2023 to present); Independent Director, Muzinich BDC, Inc. (2019 to present); Independent Trustee, AMG Funds (1993 to present) (42 series). | ||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh (born 1966) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since June 2020. | President and Chief Investment Officer, Venturi Private Wealth (investment management firm) (2022 to present); formerly, Chief Executive and Chief Investment Officer and various other positions, RidgeWorth Investments, LLC (global investment management firm) (2006 to 2017); formerly, Chief Investment Officer Institutional Growth Equities, Eagle Asset Management (investment management firm); formerly Sr. Managing Director, Growth Equities, Banc One Investment Advisors (investment management firm). | 2 | Board of Directors Member, Investment Working Group, The Ohio State University Endowments and Foundation (2016 to present); Board of Directors, World Methodist Council, Investment Committee (2018 to present); Independent Trustee, PNC Funds (2018 to 2019) (32 series); Interested Trustee, RidgeWorth Funds (2014 to 2017) (35 series). | ||||||||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli (born 1960) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Trustee | Indefinite Term; Since January 2022. | Independent Director of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp. (2019 to present); Retired; formerly, Executive Director of the Center for Audit Quality (2007-2019); formerly, Senior Vice President of Regulatory Conflicts Management at Bank of America (2005-2007); formerly, Deputy Director, Division of Investment Management with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (1998-2005). | 2 | Independent Director, TriplePoint Private Venture Credit, Inc. (2020 to present). | ||||||||||||
| Officers of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
| Jason F. Hadler (born 1975) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | President & Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite Term; Since September 2021. | Senior Vice President and Head of Client Experience, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since March 2022; Senior Vice President and Head of Fund Services Fund Administration Department, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (December 2003-March 2022). | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Elaine E. Richards (born 1968) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Secretary & Vice President | Indefinite Term; Since September 2024. | Senior Vice President, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since July 2007. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Craig Benton (born 1985) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Treasurer & Vice President | Indefinite Term; Since December 2021. | Assistant Treasurer of the Trust (2016-2021); Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since November 2007. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Nicholas A. Moll (born 1998) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2024. | Mutual Funds Administrator, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since December 2022. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
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| Name, Year of Birth and Address | Position with the Trust(1) | Term of Office(2) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation During Past Five Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(3) Overseen by Trustees | Other Directorships Held During the Past 5 Years | ||||||||||||
| Independent Trustees of the Trust | |||||||||||||||||
| Kathryn E. LaPlante Johnson (born 1998) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Assistant Treasurer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2023. | Mutual Funds Administrator, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since June 2020; Business Administration Student, 2017-2021. | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
| Gazala Khan (born 1969) c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Chief Compliance Officer Anti-Money Laundering Officer | Indefinite Term; Since November 2022. | Vice President and Compliance Officer, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services since July 2022; Chief Compliance Officer Matthews Asia Fund (May 2019-July 15, 2022); Chief Compliance Officer GS Trust/VIT (June 2009-May 2019); Vice President GSAM (May 2005-June 2009); Staff Accountant, SEC Office of Compliance Inspection and Examination (1999-2005). | Not Applicable. | Not Applicable. | ||||||||||||
(1)All Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”).
(2)Under the terms of the Board’s retirement policy, a Trustee shall retire at the end of the calendar year in which he or she reaches the age of 78.
(3)The Trust is comprised of numerous series managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” as used herein includes the Fund, and the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund which is offered through a separate statement of additional information. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes.
Additional Information Concerning the Board of Trustees
The Role of the Board
The Board oversees the management and operations of the Trust. Like all mutual funds, the day-to-day management and operation of the Trust is the responsibility of the various service providers to the Trust, such as the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, the Custodian, and the Transfer Agent, each of whom is discussed in greater detail in this Statement of Additional Information. The Board has appointed various senior employees of the Administrator as officers of the Trust, with responsibility to monitor and report to the Board on the Trust’s operations. In conducting this oversight, the Board receives regular reports from these officers and the service providers. For example, the Treasurer reports as to financial reporting matters and the President reports as to matters relating to the Trust’s operations. In addition, the Adviser provides regular reports on the investment strategy and performance of the Funds. The Board has appointed a Chief Compliance Officer who administers the Trust’s compliance program and regularly reports to the Board as to compliance matters. These reports are provided as part of formal “Board Meetings” which are typically held quarterly, in person, and involve the Board’s review of recent operations. In addition, various members of the Board also meet with management in less formal settings, between formal “Board Meetings,” to discuss various topics. In all cases,
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however, the role of the Board and of any individual Trustee is one of oversight and not of management of the day-to-day affairs of the Trust and its oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Trust’s investments, operations or activities.
Board Structure, Leadership
The Board has structured itself in a manner that it believes allows it to perform its oversight function effectively. It has established four standing committees: the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Investment Committee, and the Audit Committee, which also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee, which are discussed in greater detail below under “Trust Committees.” The Board is entirely comprised of Trustees who are Independent Trustees, which are Trustees that are not affiliated with the Adviser, the principal underwriter, or their affiliates. The Independent Trustees have engaged their own independent counsel to advise them on matters relating to their responsibilities in connection with the Trust. The Nominating and Governance Committee, Audit Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee are comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Chairperson of the Board is an Independent Trustee. The Trust has appointed Kathleen Barr, an Independent Trustee, as Chairperson of the Board, and she acts as a liaison with the Trust’s service providers, officers, legal counsel, and other Trustees between meetings, helps to set Board meeting agendas, and serves as Chairperson during executive sessions of the Independent Trustees. The Board has determined not to combine the Chairperson position and the principal executive officer position and has appointed a Vice President of the Administrator as the President of the Trust, who routinely interacts with the unaffiliated investment advisers of the Trust and comprehensively manages the operational aspects of the funds in the Trust. The Board reviews its structure and the structure of its committees annually. The Board has determined that the structure of the Independent Chairperson, the composition of the Board, and the function and composition of its various committees are appropriate means to address any potential conflicts of interest that may arise.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (e.g., investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.), the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Audit Committee meets with the Treasurer and the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function. The Board meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance and operational risks and how they are managed. The Board also receives reports from the Adviser as to investment risks of the Fund. In addition to these reports, from time to time the Board receives reports from the Administrator and the Adviser as to enterprise risk management.
Information about Each Trustee’s Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills
The Board believes that each of the Trustees has the qualifications, experience, attributes and skills (“Trustee Attributes”) appropriate to their continued service as Trustees of the Trust in light of the Trust’s business and structure. In addition to a demonstrated record of business and/or professional accomplishment, each of the Trustees has served on the Board for a number of years. They have substantial board experience and, in their service to the Trust, have gained substantial insight as to the operation of the Trust. They have demonstrated a commitment to discharging their oversight duties as trustees in the interests of shareholders. The Board annually conducts a “self-assessment” wherein the effectiveness of the Board and individual Trustees is reviewed.
In addition to the information provided in the chart above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and his/her Trustee Attributes. The information is not all-inclusive. Many Trustee Attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together,
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the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, to ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests.
Ms. Barr’s Trustee Attributes include her substantial mutual fund experience, including her role as Chair of the Governing Council for the Independent Directors Council and member of the ICI Board of Governors. She has executive experience as the former owner of a registered investment adviser (Productive Capital Management, Inc.), as the Chief Administrative Officer, Senior Vice President and Senior Managing Director of Allegiant Asset Management Company (merged with PNC Capital Advisors LLC in 2009), and as the Chief Administrative Officer, Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President of PNC Funds and PNC Advantage Funds (f/k/a Allegiant Funds). Ms. Barr also currently serves on the board of several registered investment companies. Ms. Barr has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Ms. Barr’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Falkeis’ Trustee Attributes include his substantial ETF and mutual fund experience and his experience with financial, accounting, investment and regulatory matters through his former position as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (and other positions) of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, a full-service provider to ETFs, mutual funds and alternative investment products. Mr. Falkeis currently serves as Chief Operating Officer and Chief Executive Officer of Tidal ETF Services LLC, (2018 to present), formerly, Chief Growth Officer of Tidal Financial Group, and he has experience consulting with investment advisers regarding the legal structure of investment companies, distribution channel analysis, marketing and actual distribution of those funds. Mr. Falkeis also has substantial managerial, operational and risk oversight experience through his former positions as Chief Operating Officer and Trustee of the Direxion Funds and the Direxion Exchange Traded Funds. Mr. Falkeis has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Falkeis’ experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Paggioli’s Trustee Attributes include his substantial mutual fund and investment advisory experience. Mr. Paggioli is an independent consultant on investment company and investment advisory matters. He has held a number of senior positions with mutual fund and investment advisory organizations and related businesses, including Executive Vice President, Director and Principal of the Wadsworth Group (fund administration, distribution transfer agency and accounting services). He serves on the boards of several investment management companies and advisory firms. He is a member of the Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute and of the Governing Council of the Independent Directors Council. He has served on various industry association and self-regulatory committees and formerly worked on the staff of the SEC. Mr. Paggioli has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Paggioli’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that he possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Mr. Parikh’s Trustee Attributes include his substantial investment and executive experience in the asset management industry, including his position as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of RidgeWorth Investments (global investment management firm with over $41 billion in assets). He has also served as a Trustee of several investment trusts (including private investment trusts). Mr. Parikh has ongoing responsibility as a member of the Investment Working Group as part of the Board of Directors for the Ohio State University Endowments & Foundation, as well as an ongoing position as a member of the Investment Committee for the World Methodist Council Endowment Fund (a charitable religious foundation). Mr. Parikh has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Mr. Parikh possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
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Ms. Fornelli’s Trustee Attributes include her substantial governance, legal, regulatory and business experience, including her role as an Independent Director of TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp and TriplePoint Private Venture Credit, Inc. She has broad leadership experience in strategy formulation, corporate governance and risk management. She has executive experience as the Executive Director of Center for Audit Quality (2007-2019), Senior Vice President of Regulatory and Conflicts Management at Bank of America (2005-2007) and Deputy Director, Division of Investment Management with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (1998-2005). Ms. Fornelli has been determined to qualify as an Audit Committee financial expert for the Trust. The Board believes Ms. Fornelli’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees led to the conclusion that she possesses the requisite skills and attributes as a Trustee to carry out oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust.
Trust Committees
The Trust has four standing committees: the Nominating and Governance Committee, the Investment Committee, and the Audit Committee, which also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”).
The Nominating and Governance Committee, comprised of all of the Independent Trustees, is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees and meets only as necessary. The Nominating and Governance Committee is also responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board in its oversight of the Trust’s compliance program under Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Independent Trustee compensation and the Trustees’ annual “self-assessment.” The Nominating and Governance Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Eric Falkeis as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees nominated by shareholders. Recommendations for consideration by shareholders by the Nominating Committee should be sent to the President of the Trust in writing together with the appropriate biographical information concerning each such proposed Nominee, and such recommendation must comply with the notice provisions set forth in the Trust By-Laws. In general, to comply with such procedures, such nominations, together with all required biographical information, must be delivered to and received by the President of the Trust at the principal executive offices of the Trust not later than 120 days and no more than 150 days prior to the shareholder meeting at which any such nominee would be voted on. For the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met one time with respect to the Fund.
The Investment Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Investment Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Ashi Parikh as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Investment Committee generally meets on a quarterly basis to review performance of the various series of the Trust and report back to the Board. The Investment Committee incepted as of January 1, 2025.
The Audit Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees. The Audit Committee has appointed Independent Trustee Cynthia Fornelli as the Chairperson of the Committee. The Audit Committee generally meets on a quarterly basis with respect to the various series of the Trust, and may meet more frequently. The function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to review the scope and results of the audit of such series’ financial statements and any matters bearing on the audit or the financial statements, and to ensure the integrity of the series’ pricing and financial reporting. For the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, the Audit Committee met one time with respect to the Fund.
The function of the QLCC is to receive reports from an attorney retained by the Trust of evidence of a material violation by the Trust or by any officer, director, employee or agent of the Trust. For the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, the QLCC did not meet with respect to the Trust.
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Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares and Other Interests
The following table shows the amount of shares in the Fund and the amount of shares in other portfolios of the Trust owned by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2024.
The following table shows the amount of shares in the Fund and the amount of shares in other portfolios of the Trust owned by the Trustees as of the calendar year ended December 31, 2024.
| Name | Dollar Range of Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF Shares | Aggregate Dollar Range of Fund Shares in the Trust | ||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr | None | $50,001-$100,000 | ||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis | None | $10,001-$50,000 | ||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli | None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh | None | Over $100,000 | ||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli | None | None | ||||||
As of December 31, 2024, neither the then Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially or of record in the Fund, the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter, or any of their affiliates. Accordingly, as of that date, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, have had a direct or indirect interest during the two most recently completed calendar years, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Advisor, the Fund’s principal underwriter or any of its affiliates.
Compensation
Effective January 1, 2025, the Independent Trustees were due to receive an annual retainer of $150,000 allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust, an additional $10,000 per regularly scheduled Board meeting, and an additional $3,500 per special meeting, paid by the Trust or applicable advisors/portfolios, as well as reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at Board meetings. The Chairperson of the Audit Committee receives additional compensation of $20,000 annually, the Chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives additional compensation of $10,000 annually, the Chairperson of the Investment Committee receives additional compensation of $10,000 annually, and the Chairperson of the Board of Trustees receives additional compensation of $30,000 annually, and such compensation is also allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust. Independent Trustees receive additional fees from the applicable portfolios for any special meetings at rates assessed by the Trustees depending on the length of the meeting and whether in-person attendance is required. All Trustees will be reimbursed for expenses in connection with each Board meeting attended, which reimbursement is allocated among applicable portfolios of the Trust. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees. Set forth below is the rate of compensation received by the following Independent Trustees for the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024:
| Name of Person/Position | Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from Funds and Fund Complex(1) Paid to Trustees | ||||||||||
Kathleen T. Barr, Independent Trustee | $2,538 | None | None | $8,361 | ||||||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis, Independent Trustee | $1,969 | None | None | $6,773 | ||||||||||
| Steve J. Paggioli, Independent Trustee | $1,900 | None | None | $6,504 | ||||||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh, Independent Trustee | $1,900 | None | None | $6,504 | ||||||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli, Independent Trustee | $2,074 | None | None | $7,176 | ||||||||||
(1)There are currently numerous unaffiliated portfolios comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” as used herein includes the Fund, and the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund which is offered through a separate statement of additional information. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes.
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(2)For the fiscal period ending October 31, 2024, estimated aggregate Independent Trustees’ fees for the Trust are approximately $977,000.
Codes of Ethics
The Trust and the Advisor have each adopted separate Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These Codes permit, subject to certain conditions, access persons of the Advisor to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Distributor, as defined below, relies on the principal underwriter’s exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), of the 1940 Act, specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust or the Advisor, and no officer, director or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director or general partner of the Trust or the Advisor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Policies”) on behalf of the Trust which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Advisor, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Proxy Policies require that the Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Proxy Policies also require the Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor’s Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor as involving a conflict of interest.
The Advisor has adopted Proxy Policies that underscore the Advisor’s concern that all proxy voting decisions be made in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor considers each proxy proposal individually and makes decisions on a case‑by‑case basis. At all times, however, the Advisor will act in a prudent and diligent manner intended to enhance the economic value of the assets of the Fund. The Advisor believes that market conditions and other economic considerations will influence how decisions are made on proxy proposals. Where a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisor’s interests and the Fund’s interests, the Advisor will disclose the conflict to the Board and obtain the Board’s consent to vote or direct the matter to an independent third party, selected by the Board, for a vote determination. If the Board’s consent or the independent third party’s determination is not received in a timely manner, the Advisor will abstain from voting the proxy. The Advisor’s Policy is attached as Appendix A.
The Trust is required to file a Form N‑PX, with the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the 12 months ended June 30, no later than August 31 of each year. Form N‑PX for the Fund will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll‑free 1-800-617-0004 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
CONTROL PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is any person who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. As of February 5, 2025, the following shareholder was considered to be a principal shareholder of the Fund. There are no control persons of the Fund.
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Principal Holders of Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF | ||||||||
| Name and Address | % Ownership | Type of Ownership | ||||||
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 | 46.36% | Record | ||||||
National Financial Services, LLC 640 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10019 | 22.34% | Record | ||||||
Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith (a/k/a MLPF&S) 4800 Deer Lake Drive E Jacksonville, FL 32246-6484 | 21.07% | Record | ||||||
INVESTMENT ADVISOR
Otter Creek Advisors, LLC acts as investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund. The Advisor is located at 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33408. Tyler C. Walling is a control person of the Advisor.
After its initial two year term, the Investment Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the Independent Trustees, who are not parties to the Investment Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, in each case cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Investment Advisory Agreement. The Investment Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on not more than 60 days’, nor less than 30 days’, written notice to the Advisor when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, or by the Advisor on not more than 60 days’, nor less than 30 days’, written notice to the Trust, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor shall not be liable under such agreement for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor provides investment advice to the Fund and oversees the day-to-day operations of the Fund, subject to the direction and control of the Board and the officers of the Trust. The Advisor also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration and all other non-distribution-related services necessary for the Fund to operate. The Advisor administers the Fund’s business affairs, provides office facilities and equipment and certain clerical, bookkeeping and administrative services. The Advisor bears the costs of all advisory and non-advisory services required to operate the Fund, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund. For the services it provides to the Fund, the Fund pays the Advisor a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets of 0.85%.
Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor has agreed to pay all expenses of the Fund, except for: the fee paid to the Advisor pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability,
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extraordinary expenses, and distribution (12b‑1) fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.
The Advisor shall not be liable to the Trust or any shareholder for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its agreement with the Trust or for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security.
As of the fiscal period ending October 31, 2024, the Fund paid $6,241 in net advisory fees to the Advisor.
Portfolio Managers.
Messrs. Tyler C. Walling and Cory Reed (collectively the “Portfolio Managers”), serve as the Portfolio Managers for the Fund, each of whom are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
The following provides information regarding other accounts managed by Mr. Walling as of October 31, 2024:
| Category of Account | Total Number of Accounts Managed | Total Assets in Accounts Managed | Number of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | Assets in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | ||||||||||
| Other Registered Investment Companies | 0 | $0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts | 9 | $2.605 million | None | N/A | ||||||||||
The following provides information regarding other accounts managed by Mr. Reed as of October 31, 2024:
| Category of Account | Total Number of Accounts Managed | Total Assets in Accounts Managed | Number of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | Assets in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance | ||||||||||
| Other Registered Investment Companies | 0 | $0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | 0 | 0 | None | N/A | ||||||||||
| Other Accounts | 9 | $2.605 million | None | N/A | ||||||||||
Portfolio managers receive a base salary and a discretionary bonus. Their salary is not based on the Fund’s performance. However, there is the potential for the portfolio managers to receive a bonus based on increases in assets as part of their compensation. The portfolio managers may also indirectly receive compensation for any other accounts that are managed by the Advisor as they participate in the success of the Firm. The portfolio managers also have an ownership interest in the Advisor, which provides them with profit sharing incentive. The portfolio managers do not receive deferred compensation but do participate in a 401(k) retirement plan.
Because the Advisor performs investment management services for various clients, certain conflicts of interest could arise. The Advisor may give advice and take action with respect to its other clients and/or funds that may
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differ from advice given or the timing or nature of action taken with respect to the Fund. The Advisor will have no obligation to purchase or sell for the Fund, or to recommend for purchase or sale by the Fund, any security that the Advisor, its principals, its affiliates, or its employees may purchase for themselves or for other clients and/or funds at the same time or the same price. Where the Advisor buys or sells the same security for two or more clients, it may place concurrent orders with a single broker, to be executed together as a single “block” in order to facilitate orderly and efficient execution.
Portfolio Managers’ Ownership in the Fund.
The following indicates the beneficial ownership of each portfolio manager in the Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF as of October 31, 2024:
| Portfolio Manager | Dollar Range of Shares Owned | ||||
| Tyler C. Walling | Over $1,000,000 | ||||
| Cory Reed | $100,001-$500,000 | ||||
Managing Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent material conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one investment account or in other circumstances. Portfolio managers of the Fund may be presented with potential conflicts of interest in the allocation of investment opportunities, the allocation of their time and investment ideas and the allocation of aggregated orders among the Fund’s accounts and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, including among any affiliated client accounts, any accounts in which the portfolio managers may have personal investments.
It is anticipated that in addition to acting as the Advisor to the Fund, the Advisor will serve as the investment adviser for individual, corporate and retirement accounts for U.S. and non-U.S. clients. The portfolio managers of the Advisor expect to make and retain significant personal investments in the Fund that will help to align the interests of the Fund and the portfolio managers. Further, the Advisor will adopt policies and procedures governing all of its personnel that will be reasonably designed to ensure that all clients are treated equitably and that the Fund is not disadvantaged by other activities of the Advisor. The Advisor has adopted a Code of Ethics governing its principals and employees that are designed to detect and equitably manage conflicts of interest when personnel of the Advisor own, buy, or sell securities that may be owned by, or bought or sold for, other clients of the Advisor, including the Fund.
The portfolio managers manage two sub-advised accounts, so there is a potential conflict of interest as the two sub-advised accounts are performance fee paying. In order to mitigate this conflict, trade orders are bunched to the greatest extent possible in order for all accounts to receive the same execution price. If the trades cannot be bunched, as is the case for short securities, the trades are posted separately for each relationship (CFDs versus shorts). At the end of the day, all trades are allocated parri-passu based off of adjusted net assets in order to have the same net exposure across all of the accounts unless they were pre-allocated prior to execution.
THE ADMINISTRATOR, CUSTODIAN, AND TRANSFER AGENT
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Fund Services”), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Fund’s transfer agent and administrator.
Pursuant to a Fund Servicing Agreement between the Trust and Fund Services, Fund Services provides the Trust with administrative and management services (other than investment advisory services) and accounting services, including portfolio accounting services, tax accounting services, and furnishing financial reports. In this capacity, Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the
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determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Shares. As compensation for the administration, accounting and management services, the Fund pays Fund Services a fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee. Fund Services also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses for the services mentioned above, including pricing expenses.
Pursuant to a Custody Agreement, U.S. Bank National Association (the “Custodian” or “U.S. Bank”), 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian of the Fund’s assets. The Custodian holds and administers the assets in the Fund’s portfolio. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian receives an annual fee from the Advisor based on the Trust’s total average daily net assets, subject to a minimum annual fee, and certain settlement charges. The Custodian also is entitled to certain out-of-pocket expenses.
As of the fiscal period ending October 31, 2024, the Fund did not pay any administration fees to Fund Services.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Trust, the Advisor, and Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (d/b/a ACA Group), are parties to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Fund and distributes Shares. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Trust, will review orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Trust until accepted by the Trust. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of FINRA.
The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of Shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or DTC participants (as defined below).
The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable annually thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting Shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
Intermediary Compensation. The Advisor or its affiliates, out of their own resources and not out of the Fund’s assets (i.e., without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders), may pay certain broker dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing and educational training or support. These arrangements are not financed by the Fund and, thus, do not result in increased Fund expenses. They are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Fund’s Prospectus and they do
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not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of Fund Shares or the amount received by a shareholder as proceeds from the redemption of Fund Shares.
Such compensation may be paid to Intermediaries that provide services to the Fund, including marketing and education support (such as through conferences, webinars and printed communications). The Advisor periodically assesses the advisability of continuing to make these payments. Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your adviser, broker or other investment professional, if any, may also be significant to such adviser, broker or investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about what investment options it will make available or recommend, and what services to provide in connection with various products, based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients. For example, these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Fund over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to your financial adviser, broker or investment professionals if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.
Intermediary information is current only as of the date of this SAI. Please contact your adviser, broker or other investment professional for more information regarding any payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by the Advisor, or its affiliates to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy Shares of the Fund.
Distribution Plan. The Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with the provisions of Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which regulates circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. No payments pursuant to the Plan are expected to be made during the twelve (12) month period from the date of this SAI. Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Fund under the Plan may only be imposed after approval by the Board.
Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount that may be spent thereunder without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Qualified Trustees.
The Plan provides that the Fund pays the Distributor an annual fee of up to a maximum of 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Shares. Under the Plan, the Distributor may make payments pursuant to written agreements to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies including, without limit, investment counselors, broker-dealers and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively, “Agents”) as compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance. The Plan is characterized as a compensation plan since the distribution fee will be paid to the Distributor without regard to the distribution expenses incurred by the Distributor or the amount of payments made to other financial institutions and intermediaries. The Trust intends to operate the Plan in accordance with its terms and with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) rules concerning sales charges.
Under the Plan, subject to the limitations of applicable law and regulations, the Fund is authorized to compensate the Distributor up to the maximum amount to finance any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Fund or for providing or arranging for others to provide shareholder services and for the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Such activities may include, but are not limited to: (i) delivering copies of the Fund’s then current reports, prospectuses, notices, and similar materials, to prospective purchasers of Creation Units; (ii) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (iii) paying the costs of and
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compensating others, including Authorized Participants with whom the Distributor has entered into written Authorized Participant Agreements, for performing shareholder servicing on behalf of the Fund; (iv) compensating certain Authorized Participants for providing assistance in distributing the Creation Units of the Fund, including the travel and communication expenses and salaries and/or commissions of sales personnel in connection with the distribution of the Creation Units of the Fund; (v) payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies and investment counselors, broker-dealers, mutual fund supermarkets and the affiliates and subsidiaries of the Trust’s service providers as compensation for services or reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance; (vi) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of Shares, including the cost of providing (or paying others to provide) services to beneficial owners of Shares, including, but not limited to, assistance in answering inquiries related to Shareholder accounts; and (vi) such other services and obligations as are set forth in the Distribution Agreement.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Sullivan & Worcester LLP, 1251 Avenue of the Americas, 19th Floor, New York, New York 10020, serves as legal counsel to the Trust. Sullivan & Worcester also serves as independent legal counsel to the Board of Trustees.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Tait, Weller & Baker LLP, Two Liberty Place, 50 South 16th Street, Suite 2900, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102 is the independent registered public accounting firm, providing audit services, tax services and assistance with respect to the preparation of filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for the Fund.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of funds and Shares. Each Share represents an equal proportionate interest in the Fund with each other Share. Shares are entitled upon liquidation to a pro rata share in the net assets of the Fund. Shareholders have no preemptive rights. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may create additional series or classes of Shares. All consideration received by the Trust for shares of any additional funds and all assets in which such consideration is invested would belong to that fund and would be subject to the liabilities related thereto. Share certificates representing Shares will not be issued. Shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.
Each Share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all funds of the Trust vote together as a single class, except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from other funds, that fund will vote separately on such matter. As a Massachusetts business trust, the Trust is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of shareholders. Approval of shareholders will be sought, however, for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. Upon the written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the Trust’s Shares, the Trust will call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more Trustees and other certain matters. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.
Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have the power to liquidate the Fund without shareholder approval. While the Trustees have no present intention of exercising this power, they may do so if the Fund fails to reach a viable size within a reasonable amount of time or for such other reasons as may be determined by the Board.
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LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, any person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a Trustee, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise to the extent and in the manner provided in the Amended and Restated By-laws. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee’s individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust’s policy is to pay commissions which are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Advisor will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of Fund Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.
The Advisor owes a duty to the Fund to seek best execution on trades effected. “Best execution” is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to: liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Advisor will also use electronic crossing networks (“ECNs”) when appropriate.
Subject to the foregoing policies, brokers or dealers selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions may include the Fund’s Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units” below) or their affiliates. An Authorized Participant or its affiliates may be selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions in conjunction with an all-cash creation unit order or an order including “cash-in-lieu” (as described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units”), so long as such selection is in keeping with the foregoing policies. As described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units—Creation Transaction Fee” and “—Redemption Transaction Fee”, the Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Advisor have determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund
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shareholders, e.g., for creation orders that facilitate the rebalance of the Fund’s portfolio in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order, even if the decision to not charge a variable fee could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.
The Advisor may use the Fund’s assets for, or participate in, third party soft dollar arrangements, in addition to receiving proprietary research from various full service brokers, the cost of which is bundled with the cost of the broker’s execution services. The Advisor does not “pay up” for the value of any such proprietary research. Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act permits the Advisor, under certain circumstances, to cause the Fund to pay a broker or dealer a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of brokerage and research services provided by the broker or dealer. The Advisor may receive a variety of research services and information on many topics, which it can use in connection with its management responsibilities with respect to the various accounts over which it exercises investment discretion or otherwise provides investment advice. The research services may include qualifying order management systems, portfolio attribution and monitoring services and computer software and access charges which are directly related to investment research. Accordingly, the Fund may pay a broker commission higher than the lowest available commission in recognition of the broker’s provision of such services to the Advisor. The amount of soft dollar benefits received depends on the amount of brokerage transactions effected with the brokers. A conflict of interest exists because there is an incentive to: 1) cause clients to pay a higher commission than the firm might otherwise be able to negotiate; 2) cause clients to engage in more securities transactions than would otherwise be optimal; and 3) only use brokers that provide soft dollar benefits.
The Advisor faces a potential conflict of interest when it uses client trades to obtain brokerage or research services. This conflict exists because the Advisor is able to use the brokerage or research services to manage client accounts without paying cash for such services, which reduces the Advisor’s expenses to the extent that the Advisor would have purchased such products had they not been provided by brokers. Section 28(e) permits the Advisor to use brokerage or research services for the benefit of any account it manages. Certain accounts managed by the Advisor may generate soft dollars used to purchase brokerage or research services that ultimately benefit other accounts managed by the Advisor, effectively cross subsidizing the other accounts managed by the Advisor that benefit directly from the product. The Advisor may not necessarily use all of the brokerage or research services in connection with managing the Fund whose trades generated the soft dollars used to purchase such products.
The following table describes the brokerage transactions directed to brokers during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, due to research services provided to the Advisor.
.
| Amount of Transactions | Brokerage Commissions | ||||
| $1,227,660 | $450 | ||||
The Advisor is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Advisor are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Advisor. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.
The Fund may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.
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The Fund paid $451 in brokerage commissions as of the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024.
Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. The Fund may execute brokerage or other agency transactions through registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund, the Advisor, or the Distributor for a commission in conformity with the 1940 Act, the 1934 Act and rules promulgated by the SEC. These rules require that commissions paid to the affiliate by the Fund for exchange transactions not exceed “usual and customary” brokerage commissions. The rules define “usual and customary” commissions to include amounts which are “reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received or to be received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time.” The Trustees, including those who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, have adopted procedures for evaluating the reasonableness of commissions paid to affiliates and review these procedures periodically.
Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” The Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) that it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal period. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Fund are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal period: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Fund; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of Shares. As of the fiscal period ending October 31, 2024, the Fund did not own any securities of its regular broker dealers.
Portfolio Turnover. Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates are likely to result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions is evaluated by the Advisor based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services.
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to in this SAI as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares. The Trust recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Shares registered in their names and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of Share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the
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procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee a listing of Shares held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Fund at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
The Trust issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Transfer Agent, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees, if applicable), at their NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”). The NAV of Shares is calculated each business day as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. The Fund will not issue fractional Creation Units. A “Business Day” is any day on which the NYSE is open for business.
Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit and the Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.
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Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).
The Fund, through NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.
The identity and number of Shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for a Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Advisor with a view to the investment objective of the Fund. The composition of the Deposit Securities may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the Fund’s Index.
The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of Deposit Cash to replace any Deposit Security, which shall be added to the Cash Component, including, without limitation, in situations where the Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant (as defined below) or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations (collectively, “custom orders”). The Trust also reserves the right to include or remove Deposit Securities from the basket in anticipation of Index rebalancing changes. The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Advisor on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, in the composition of the subject Index being tracked by the Fund or resulting from certain corporate actions.
Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Transfer Agent to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party” (i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”)), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see “Book Entry Only System”). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant”) must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Trust, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.
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All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for the Fund for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, which time may be modified by the Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”
An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.
On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of the Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.
Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a subcustody agent (for foreign securities), and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. Each Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than 12:00 p.m. Eastern time (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. The “Settlement Date” for the Fund is generally the second Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.
The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting
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therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.
Issuance of a Creation Unit. Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Trust of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the Custodian (or sub-custodian, as applicable), the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Trust will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The typical settlement date for each transaction will be within one day of the transaction (commonly referred to as "T+1"), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the delivery of Shares may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.
Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 12:00 p.m. Eastern time (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Trust to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Transfer Agent plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under “Creation Transaction Fee,” may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.
Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Trust reserves the right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent with respect to the Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (e) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Trust, be unlawful; or (f) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Advisor make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.
Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market
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conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Distributor, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.
All questions as to the number of Shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Transaction Fee. A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units (“Creation Order Costs”). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for the Fund is $300, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund’s custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Advisor, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to a maximum of 2% of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash purchases, non-standard orders, or partial cash purchases of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with buying the securities with cash. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Advisor has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, e.g., for creation orders that facilitate the rebalance of the Fund’s portfolio in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order.
Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Risks of Purchasing Creation Units. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent shares, and sells those shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
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Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF THE FUND, THE TRUST WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and Share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.
Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Trust. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities - as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Trust’s discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.
The typical settlement date for each redemption transaction will be within one day of the transaction (or T+1), unless the Fund and Authorized Participant agree to a different timeline for settlement or the transaction is exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c6-1 under the 1934 Act. Due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, however, the receipt of redemption proceeds may take longer than one Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is received. In such cases, the local market settlement procedures will not commence until the end of local holiday periods.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Fund’s custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units (“Redemption Order Costs”). The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Fund is $300, regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund’s custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Advisor, has agreed to pay such fee.
In addition, a variable fee, payable to the Fund, of up to a maximum of 2% of the value of the Creation Units subject to the transaction may be imposed for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available) of Creation Units. The variable charge is primarily designed to cover additional costs (e.g., brokerage, taxes) involved with selling portfolio securities to satisfy a cash redemption. The Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Advisor has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, e.g., for redemption orders that facilitate the rebalance of the Fund’s portfolio in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order.
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Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order.
Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Trust’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Trust is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s Shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.
The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Trust, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed a Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of Shares to the Trust’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.
Additional Redemption Procedures. In connection with taking delivery of Shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two business days of the trade date.
The Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.
Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”), as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under
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Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Trust to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.
Because the portfolio securities of the Fund may trade on other exchanges on days that the Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for the Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their Shares, or to purchase or sell Shares on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of the Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of Shares or determination of the NAV of Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The NAV of the Fund is determined once daily as of the close of public trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) each day that the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. It is expected that the Exchange will be closed on Saturdays and Sundays and on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. The Fund does not expect to determine the NAV on any day when the Exchange is not open for trading even if there is sufficient trading in their portfolio securities on such days to materially affect the NAV per share.
NAV per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest cent. Expenses and fees, including the management fees, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV is calculated by Fund Services and determined at the scheduled close of the regular trading session on the NYSE (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on each day that the NYSE is open, provided that fixed income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for trading in fixed income instruments on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) announces an early closing time.
In calculating the Fund’s NAV per Share, the Fund’s investments are generally valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (i) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (ii) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (iii) based on amortized cost. In the case of shares of other funds that are not traded on an exchange, a market valuation means such fund’s published NAV per share. The Fund may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as approved by the Advisor from time to time. A price obtained from a pricing service based on such pricing service’s valuation matrix may be considered a market valuation. Any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars at the current market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more sources.
Securities primarily traded on U.S. national securities exchanges for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at either the last reported sale price on the day of valuation, or the exchange’s official closing price, if applicable. If there has been no sale on such day, then the mean between the bid and asked prices will be used. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available (including
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restricted securities which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith under procedures approved by or under the direction of the Advisor.
Trading in foreign securities markets is normally completed well before the close of the NYSE. In addition, foreign securities trading may not take place on all days on which the NYSE is open for trading, and may occur in certain foreign markets on days on which the Fund’s NAV is not calculated. Events affecting the values of portfolio securities that occur between the time their prices are determined and the close of the NYSE will not be reflected in the calculation of NAV unless the Advisor deems that the particular event would affect NAV, in which case an adjustment will be made in such manner as the Advisor in good faith deems appropriate to determine fair market value. Assets or liabilities expressed in foreign currencies are translated, in determining NAV, into U.S. dollars based on the spot exchange rates, or at such other rates as the Advisor, pursuant to fair value procedures adopted by the Advisor, may determine to be appropriate.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Dividends, Distributions and Taxes.”
General Policies. Dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid at least annually by the Fund. Distributions of net realized securities gains, if any, generally are declared and paid once a year, but the Fund may make distributions on a more frequent basis for the Fund to comply with the distribution requirements of the Code to preserve the Fund’s eligibility for treatment as a RIC, in all events in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Trust.
The Trust makes additional distributions to the extent necessary (i) to distribute the entire annual taxable income of the Fund, plus any net capital gains and (ii) to avoid imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4982 of the Code. Management of the Fund reserves the right to declare special dividends if, in its reasonable discretion, such action is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Fund as a RIC or to avoid imposition of income or excise taxes on undistributed income.
Dividend Reinvestment Service. The Trust will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Trust of the Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.
FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
The following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that supplements the discussion in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended to be a substitute for careful tax planning.
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The following general discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on provisions of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the application of the provisions of tax law described in this SAI in light of the particular tax situations of the shareholders and regarding specific questions as to federal, state, local or foreign taxes.
Taxation of the Fund. The Fund has elected and intends to continue to qualify each year to be treated as a separate RIC under the Code. As such, the Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least the sum of 90% of its net investment income (generally including the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the “Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Qualifying Income Requirement”); and (ii) at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, the Fund’s assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, including the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the “Diversification Requirement”).
It may not be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy while satisfying the Diversification Requirement. The Fund’s efforts to satisfy the Diversification Requirement may affect the Fund’s execution of its investment strategy and may cause the Fund’s return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund’s efforts to represent the Index using a sampling strategy, if such a strategy is used at any point, may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the Diversification Requirement.
To the extent the Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, including certain derivatives, the Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund’s non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.
Although the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, the Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. The Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. The requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.
If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements.
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Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at the regular 21% corporate rate without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by non-corporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC’s net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code. As of fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, the Fund had short-term capital loss carry-forwards of $114,786 available for federal income tax purposes.
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year’s distribution. For this purpose, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the Fund and subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed. The Fund intends to declare and distribute dividends and distributions in the amounts and at the times necessary to avoid the application of the excise tax, but can make no assurances that all such tax liability will be eliminated. The Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate Fund investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid federal excise tax liability at a time when the investment adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so, and liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of the Fund to satisfy the requirement for qualification as a RIC.
If the Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of
43
the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.
Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions. The Fund intends to distribute, no less than annually, to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), its net tax-exempt income, if any, and any net capital gain (net recognized long-term capital gains in excess of net recognized short-term capital losses, taking into account any capital loss carryforwards). The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net realized capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholder receives these distributions in cash or reinvests them in additional Shares.
The Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporations, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which, subject certain limitations and requirements, is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%.
Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares.
Qualified dividend income includes, in general and, subject to certain holding period and other requirements, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations. Subject to certain limitations, eligible foreign corporations include those incorporated in possessions of the United States, those incorporated in certain countries with comprehensive tax treaties with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends received by the Fund from an ETF, an underlying fund taxable as a RIC, or a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such ETF, underlying fund, or REIT. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.
Fund dividends will not be treated as qualified dividend income if the Fund does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Shares on which the dividends were paid. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.
In the case of corporate shareholders, certain dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the Fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately so reported by the Fund may be eligible for the 50% dividends received deduction. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to the Fund from REITs and other RICs are not eligible for the dividends received deduction. To qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their Shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their Shares, and, if they borrow to
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acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to Shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends received deduction with respect to those Shares.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.
U.S. individuals with adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) exceeding certain threshold amounts ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a “surviving spouse” for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases) are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes taxable interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gain distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.
Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund’s ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder’s period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder’s investment.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.
If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s basis in the Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s Shares.
Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares. A sale, redemption, or exchange of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund Shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short-term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares may be disallowed if substantially identical Shares are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized
45
on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. The ability of Authorized Participants to receive a full or partial cash redemption of Creation Units of the Fund may limit the tax efficiency of the Fund. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently be deducted under the rules governing “wash sales” (for a person who does not mark-to-market its portfolio) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less may be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or a group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares, the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.
Authorized Participants purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss may be deductible.
Tax Treatment of Complex Securities. The Fund may invest in complex securities and these investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund and/or defer the Fund’s ability to recognize losses, and, in limited cases, subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of their foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by the Fund.
Some debt obligations that are acquired by the Fund may be treated as having original issue discount (“OID”). Generally, the Fund will be required to include OID in taxable income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of the OID is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. If the Fund holds such debt instruments, it may be required to pay out as distributions each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary.
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The Fund may invest in inflation-linked debt securities. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-linked debt security will be OID, which is taxable as ordinary income and is required to be distributed, even though the Fund will not receive the principal, including any increase thereto, until maturity. If the Fund invests in securities that have OID, it may be required to liquidate other investments, including at times when it is not advantageous to do so, to satisfy its distribution requirements and to eliminate any possible taxation at the Fund level. Moreover, the Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive larger distributions than they would have in the absence of such transactions.
Foreign Investments. Dividends and interest received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. The Fund does not expect to satisfy the requirements for passing through to its shareholders any share of foreign taxes paid by the Fund, with the result that shareholders will not include such taxes in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax deduction or credit for such taxes on their own tax returns.
If the Fund holds shares in a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.
The Fund may be eligible to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”) under the Code in which case, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund will be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts will be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. To make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Alternatively, the Fund may make a mark-to-market election that will result in the Fund being treated as if it had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any gains resulting from such deemed sales as ordinary income and would deduct any losses resulting from such deemed sales as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, is effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year may be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund may have to distribute this excess income to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax. To distribute this income and avoid a tax at the Fund level, the Fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. Amounts included in income each year by the Fund arising from a QEF election will be “qualifying income” under the Qualifying Income Requirement (as described above) even if not distributed to the Fund.
Backup Withholding. The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as “backup withholding”) on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is not subject to “backup withholding;” or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s ultimate U.S. tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the United States.
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Non-U.S. Shareholders. Any non-U.S. investors in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisers prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to Fund distributions payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.
For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt entities are not permitted to offset losses from one unrelated trade or business against the income or gain of another unrelated trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax-exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Fund if, for example, (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (iii) Shares constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.
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Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Other Issues. In those states which have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal tax treatment.
General Considerations. The federal income tax discussion set forth above is for general information only. Shares of the Fund held in a tax-qualified retirement account will generally not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distributions from the Fund until a shareholder begins receiving payments from their retirement account. Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the specific federal income tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of Shares of the Fund, as well as the effect of state, local and foreign tax law and any proposed tax law changes.
State Taxes. Depending upon state and local law, distributions by the Fund to its shareholders and the ownership of Shares may be subject to state and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. It is expected that the Fund will not be liable for any corporate tax in Massachusetts if it qualifies as a RIC for federal income tax purposes.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s Certified Shareholder Report to shareholders for the fiscal period ended October 31, 2024, is available, without charge, upon request by calling 1-855-681-5261 and the financial statements, accompanying notes and report of independent registered public accounting firm appearing therein are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
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APPENDIX A
Proxy Voting Policy
In accordance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Adviser Act of 1940, as amended, it is the policy of OCA to vote all proxies in respect of securities in client accounts ("Client Securities") in a manner consistent with best interests of the Firm’s clients.
The CCO is responsible for ensuring adherence to this Proxy Voting Policy (the "Policy"). For proxies related to the Collective Investment Vehicle, the Fund’s Administrator shall co- ordinate the preparation and filing of Form N-PX with the Trust. The COO reviews form N-PX in coordination with PMP on an annual basis.
1. General Intent
The Firm generally will monitor proposed corporate actions and proxy matters in respect of client securities, and may take any of the following actions based on the best interests of our clients: (i) determine how to vote the proxies, (ii) abstain, or (iii) follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service in voting the proxies.
In general, the Firm will determine how to vote proxies based on our reasonable judgment of that vote most likely to produce favorable financial results for our clients. Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders; proxy votes generally will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. However, the Firm will consider both sides of each proxy issue. Consistent with the Firm’s paramount commitment to the financial investment goals of its clients, social considerations will not be considered absent contrary client mandate.
2. Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest between the Firm or a principal of the Firm and the Firm’s clients in respect of a proxy issue conceivably may arise, for example, from personal or professional relationships with a company or with the directors, candidates for director, or senior executives of a company that is the issuer of client securities.
If the CCO determines that a material conflict of interest exists, the following procedures shall be followed:
(a) The Firm may abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting client interests (for example, where client accounts hold different client securities in a competitive merger situation);
(b) The Firm may follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service in voting the proxies;
(c) The Firm may confer with separate account clients on how to vote the proxy; or
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(d) In the case of the Collective Investment Vehicle, disclose the conflict to the Trust’s CCO and obtain the Board of Manager’s consent to vote or direct the matter to an independent third party, selected by the Board of Managers, for a vote determination. If the Board of Manager’s consent or the independent third party’s determination is not received in a timely manner, OCA will abstain from voting the proxy.
3. Recordkeeping Requirements
The Firm shall maintain the following records relating to this policy:
(a) A copy of the policy as it may be amended from time to time.
(b) A copy of each proxy statement received by the Firm in respect of client securities. This requirement may be satisfied by relying on a third party to make and retain, on the Firm’s behalf, a copy of a proxy statement (provided that the Firm has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the proxy statement promptly upon request), or the Firm may rely on obtaining a copy of a proxy statement from the SEC's EDGAR system.
(c) A record of each vote cast by the Firm on behalf of a client. This requirement may be satisfied by relying on a third party to make and retain, on the Firm’s behalf, a record of the vote cast (provided that the Firm has obtained an undertaking from the third party to provide a copy of the record promptly upon request).
(d) A copy of any document created by the Firm that was material to making a decision about how to vote proxies on behalf of a client or that memorializes the basis for that decision.
(e) All of the foregoing records shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in the offices of the Firm.
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PART C
Otter Creek Funds
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 28. Exhibits
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| (c) | Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders are herein incorporated by reference from the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and Bylaws. | ||||||||||||||||
| (d) | Investment Advisory Agreements | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (B) | Contractual Investment Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated November 1, 2019, between the Trust, on behalf of the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund and Otter Creek Advisors, LLC - Filed herewith. | ||||||||||||||||
| (e) | Underwriting Contracts | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (B) | |||||||||||||||||
| (ii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (f) | Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - None. | ||||||||||||||||
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| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (B) | |||||||||||||||||
| (h) | Other Material Contracts | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (ii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (iii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (iv) | |||||||||||||||||
| (v) | Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement dated February 28, 2021 between the Trust, on behalf of the Otter Creek Long/Short Opportunity Fund - Filed herewith. | ||||||||||||||||
| (vi) | |||||||||||||||||
| (vii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (viii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (ix) | |||||||||||||||||
| (x) | |||||||||||||||||
| (xi) | |||||||||||||||||
| (xii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (i) | Legal Opinions | ||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (B) | |||||||||||||||||
| (C) | |||||||||||||||||
| (j) | (i) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (Otter Creek Long Short Opportunity Fund) — Filed herewith. | |||||||||||||||
| (ii) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (Otter Creek Focus Strategy ETF) — Filed herewith. | ||||||||||||||||
| (k) | Omitted Financial Statements - None. | ||||||||||||||||
| (l) | Initial Capital Agreements - None. | ||||||||||||||||
| (m) | Rule 12b-1 Plan | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (A) | |||||||||||||||||
| (n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (o) | Reserved. | ||||||||||||||||
| (p) | Codes of Ethics. | ||||||||||||||||
| (i) | |||||||||||||||||
| (ii) | |||||||||||||||||
| (iii) | Code of Ethics for Access Persons of Quasar Distributors, LLC - not applicable. | ||||||||||||||||
Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant
No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to Article VII of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, Article VI of Registrant’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Paragraph 6 of the Distribution Agreement, each previously filed as indicated in Item 28 above. With respect to the Registrant, the general effect of these provisions is to indemnify any person (Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent, among others) who was or is a party to any proceeding by reason of their actions performed in their official or duly authorized capacity on behalf of the Trust. With respect to the distributor, the general effect of the relevant provisions is to indemnify those entities for claims arising out of any untrue statement or material fact contained in the Funds' Registration Statement, reports to shareholders or advertising and sales literature.
Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “1933 Act”) the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking: “Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the 1933 Act may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.”
Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
With respect to the Adviser (Otter Creek Advisors, LLC), the response to this Item is incorporated by reference to the Advisers’ Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the SEC (File No. 801-80611). The Adviser’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Item 32. Principal Underwriter.
(a) Quasar Distributors, LLC, the Registrant’s principal underwriter, acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies:
1.Advisor Managed Portfolios
2.Capital Advisors Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
3.Chase Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
4.Davidson Multi Cap Equity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
5.Ecofin Tax-Exempt Private Credit Fund, Inc.
6.Edgar Lomax Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
7.First Sentier American Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
8.First Sentier Global Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
9.Huber Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
10.Huber Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
11.Huber Select Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
12.Huber Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
13.Logan Capital Broad Innovative Growth ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
14.Medalist Partners MBS Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
15.Medalist Partners Short Duration Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
16.O'Shaughnessy Market Leaders Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
17.PIA BBB Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
18.PIA High Yield (MACS) Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
19.PIA High Yield Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
20.PIA MBS Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
21.PIA Short-Term Securities Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
22.Poplar Forest Cornerstone Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
23.Poplar Forest Partners Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
24.Pzena Emerging Markets Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
25.Pzena International Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
26.Pzena International Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
27.Pzena Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
28.Pzena Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
29.Reverb ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
30.Scharf Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
31.Scharf Global Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
32.Scharf Multi-Asset Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
33.Shenkman Capital Floating Rate High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
34.Shenkman Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
35.VegTech Plant-based Innovation & Climate ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
36.The Aegis Funds
37.Allied Asset Advisors Funds
38.Angel Oak Funds Trust
39.Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund
40.Brookfield Infrastructure Income Fund Inc.
41.Brookfield Investment Funds
42.Buffalo Funds
43.DoubleLine Funds Trust
44.EA Series Trust (f/k/a Alpha Architect ETF Trust)
45.Ecofin Tax-Advantaged Social Impact Fund, Inc.
46.AAM Bahl & Gaynor Small/Mid Cap Income Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
47.AAM Brentview Dividend Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
48.AAM Low Duration Preferred and Income Securities ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
49.AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
50.AAM Sawgrass U.S. Large Cap Quality Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
51.AAM Sawgrass U.S. Small Cap Quality Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
52.AAM SLC Low Duration Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
53.AAM Transformers ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
54.AlphaMark Actively Managed Small Cap ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
55.Aptus Collared Investment Opportunity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
56.Aptus Defined Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
57.Aptus Drawdown Managed Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
58.Aptus Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
59.Aptus International Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
60.Aptus Large Cap Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
61.Aptus Large Cap Upside ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
62.Bahl & Gaynor Dividend ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
63.Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
64.Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Dividend ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
65.BTD Capital Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
66.Carbon Strategy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
67.ClearShares OCIO ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
68.ClearShares Piton Intermediate Fixed Income Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
69.ClearShares Ultra-Short Maturity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
70.Distillate International Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
71.Distillate Small/Mid Cash Flow ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
72.Distillate U.S. Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
73.ETFB Green SRI REITs ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
74.Hoya Capital High Dividend Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
75.Hoya Capital Housing ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
76.LHA Market State Alpha Seeker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
77.LHA Market State Tactical Beta ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
78.LHA Market State Tactical Q ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
79.LHA Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
80.McElhenny Sheffield Managed Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
81.NETLease Corporate Real Estate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
82.Opus Small Cap Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
83.Range Cancer Therapeutics ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
84.Roundhill Acquirers Deep Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
85.The Acquirers Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
86.The Brinsmere Fund - Conservative ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
87.The Brinsmere Fund - Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
88.U.S. Global GO GOLD and Precious Metal Miners ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
89.U.S. Global JETS ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
90.U.S. Global Sea to Sky Cargo ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
91.US Vegan Climate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
92.Vest 10 Year Interest Rate Hedge ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
93.Vest 2 Year Interest Rate Hedge ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
94.First American Funds Trust
95.FundX Investment Trust
96.The Glenmede Fund, Inc.
97.The GoodHaven Funds Trust
98.Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
99. Hennessy Funds Trust
100.Horizon Funds
101.Hotchkis & Wiley Funds
102.Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust
103.Jacob Funds Inc.
104.The Jensen Quality Growth Fund Inc.
105.Kirr, Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.
106.Leuthold Funds, Inc.
107.Core Alternative ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
108.Wahed Dow Jones Islamic World ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
109.Wahed FTSE USA Shariah ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
110.LKCM Funds
111.LoCorr Investment Trust
112.MainGate Trust
113.ATAC Rotation Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
114.Coho Relative Value Equity Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
115.Coho Relative Value ESG Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
116.Cove Street Capital Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
117.Ecofin Global Water ESG Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
118.Jackson Square Large-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
119.Jackson Square SMID-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
120.Kensington Active Advantage Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
121.Kensington Defender Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
122.Kensington Dynamic Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
123.Kensington Hedged Premium Income ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
124.Kensington Managed Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
125.LK Balanced Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
126.Muhlenkamp Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
127.Nuance Concentrated Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
128.Nuance Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
129.Olstein All Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
130.Olstein Strategic Opportunities Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
131.Port Street Quality Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
132.Principal Street High Income Municipal Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
133.Principal Street Short Term Municipal Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
134.Reinhart Genesis PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
135.Reinhart International PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
136.Reinhart Mid Cap PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
137.Tortoise Energy Infrastructure and Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
138.Tortoise Energy Infrastructure Total Return Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
139.Tortoise North American Pipeline Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
140.Tremblant Global ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
141.Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
142.Hood River International Opportunity Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
143.Hood River New Opportunities Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
144.Hood River Small-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
145.Mar Vista Strategic Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
146.SanJac Alpha Core Plus Bond ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
147.SanJac Alpha Low Duration ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
148.SWP Growth & Income ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
149.Vert Global Sustainable Real Estate ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
150.Mason Capital Fund Trust
151.Matrix Advisors Funds Trust
152.Matrix Advisors Value Fund, Inc.
153.Monetta Trust
154.Nicholas Equity Income Fund, Inc.
155.Nicholas Fund, Inc.
156.Nicholas II, Inc.
157.Nicholas Limited Edition, Inc.
158.Oaktree Diversified Income Fund Inc.
159.Permanent Portfolio Family of Funds
160.Perritt Funds, Inc.
161.Procure ETF Trust II
162.Professionally Managed Portfolios
163.Prospector Funds, Inc.
164.Provident Mutual Funds, Inc.
165.Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
166.Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
167.Adara Smaller Companies Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
168.Aquarius International Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
169.Boston Partners All Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
170.Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
171.Boston Partners Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
172.Boston Partners Global Sustainability Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
173.Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
174.Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
175.Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
176.Campbell Systematic Macro Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
177.F/m 10-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
178.F/m 2-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
179.F/m 3-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
180.F/m Emerald Life Sciences Innovation ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
181.F/m Opportunistic Income ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
182.Motley Fool 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
183.Motley Fool Capital Efficiency 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
184.Motley Fool Global Opportunities ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
185.Motley Fool Mid-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
186.Motley Fool Next Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
187.Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
188.Optima Strategic Credit Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
189.SGI Dynamic Tactical ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
190.SGI Enhanced Core ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
191.SGI Enhanced Global Income ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
192.SGI Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
193.SGI Peak Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
194.SGI Prudent Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
195.SGI Small Cap Core Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
196.SGI U.S. Large Cap Core ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
197.SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
198.SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
199.US Treasury 10 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
200.US Treasury 12 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
201.US Treasury 2 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
202.US Treasury 20 Year Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
203.US Treasury 3 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
204.US Treasury 3 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
205.US Treasury 30 Year Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
206.US Treasury 5 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
207.US Treasury 6 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
208.US Treasury 7 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
209.WPG Partners Select Hedged Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
210.WPG Partners Select Small Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
211.WPG Partners Small Cap Value Diversified Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
212.The RBB Fund Trust
213.RBC Funds Trust
214.Rockefeller Municipal Opportunities Fund
215.Series Portfolios Trust
216.Thompson IM Funds, Inc.
217.Tortoise Capital Series Trust
218.TrimTabs ETF Trust
219.Bright Rock Mid Cap Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
220.Bright Rock Quality Large Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
221.CrossingBridge Low Duration High Income Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
222.CrossingBridge Nordic High Income Bond Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
223.CrossingBridge Responsible Credit Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
224.CrossingBridge Ultra-Short Duration Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
225.RiverPark Strategic Income Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
226.Dearborn Partners Rising Dividend Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
227.Jensen Global Quality Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
228.Jensen Quality MidCap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
229.Rockefeller Climate Solutions Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
230.Rockefeller US Small Cap Core Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
231.USQ Core Real Estate Fund
232.Wall Street EWM Funds Trust
233.Wisconsin Capital Funds, Inc.
(b) To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of Quasar Distributors, LLC are as follows:
| Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | ||||||||
| Teresa Cowan | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President/Manager | None | ||||||||
| Chris Lanza | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None | ||||||||
| Kate Macchia | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None | ||||||||
| Susan L. LaFond | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer and Treasurer | None | ||||||||
| Kelly B. Whetstone | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None | ||||||||
| Weston Sommers | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer | None | ||||||||
(c) Not applicable.
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) are maintained at the following locations:
| Records Relating to: | Are located at: | ||||
| Registrant’s Fund Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 | ||||
| Registrant’s Custodian | U.S. Bank National Association 1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 | ||||
| Registrant’s Distributor | Quasar Distributors, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, Maine 04101 | ||||
| Registrant’s Investment Advisers | Otter Creek Advisors, LLC 11300 US Highway 1, Suite 500 Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33401 | ||||
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 889 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed below on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, on the 27th day of February, 2025.
Professionally Managed Portfolios
By: /s/ Jason F. Hadler
Jason F. Hadler
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 889 to its Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr* | Trustee | |||||||
| Kathleen T. Barr | ||||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis* | Trustee | |||||||
| Eric W. Falkeis | ||||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli* | Trustee | |||||||
| Steven J. Paggioli | ||||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh* | Trustee | |||||||
| Ashi S. Parikh | ||||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli* | Trustee | |||||||
| Cynthia M. Fornelli | ||||||||
| /s/Jason F. Hadler | President and Principal | |||||||
| Jason F. Hadler | Executive Officer | |||||||
| /s/ Craig Benton | Vice President, Treasurer and Principal | |||||||
| Craig Benton | Financial and Accounting Officer | |||||||
*By: /s/ Jason F. Hadler | ||||||||
| Jason F. Hadler, Attorney-In Fact pursuant to Power of Attorney | ||||||||
EXHIBIT LIST
| Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| EX.99.(d)(i)(B) | ||||||||
| EX.99.(h)(v) | ||||||||
| EX.99.(j)(i) | ||||||||
| EX.99.(j)(ii) | ||||||||
ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS
EX-99.(D)(I)(B) FEE WAIVER AGREEMENT
EX-99.(H)(V)OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITATION AGREEMENT
EX-99.(J)(II) AUDITOR CONSENT FOR ETF
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA DOCUMENT
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
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