Form 485BPOS Midas Series Trust
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☒ | |
| Pre‑Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 | ☒ | |
| and | ||
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☒ | |
| Amendment No. 78 | ☒ | |
| X | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 | |
| ☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 | |
| ☐ | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 | |
| ☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
| ☐ | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |
| MIDAS DISCOVERY Ticker: MIDSX |
MIDAS SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES Ticker: MISEX |
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| Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |
NONE | |||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) |
NONE | |||
| Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |
NONE | |||
| Redemption Fee on shares redeemed within 30 days of purchase |
| Management Fees |
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| Distribution and Service (12b‑1) Fees |
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| Other Expenses |
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| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
| EXAMPLE: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. This example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: | ||||||
| One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years | |||
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ | |||
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4/1/2020 – | |
| 1/1/2020 – ( |
| 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||
| Return Before Taxes |
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions |
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
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| S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
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| Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |
NONE | |||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) |
NONE | |||
| Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |
NONE | |||
| Redemption Fee on shares redeemed within 30 days of purchase |
| Management Fees |
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| Distribution and Service (12b‑1) Fees |
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| Other Expenses |
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| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
| EXAMPLE: This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. This example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. This example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: | ||||||
| One Year | Three Years | Five Years | Ten Years | |||
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ | |||
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4/1/2020 – | |
| 1/1/2020 – ( |
| 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||
| Return Before Taxes |
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions |
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| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
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| S&P 500 Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
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| Account Type |
Initial | Subsequent | Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) and Health Savings Accounts (“HSAs”) |
Initial | Subsequent | |||||
| Regular |
$2,000 | $100 | Traditional, Roth IRA, HSA |
$2,000 | $100 | |||||
| UGMA/UTMA |
$2,000 | $100 | Spousal, Rollover IRA |
$2,000 | $100 | |||||
| Education Savings Account |
$2,000 | $100 | SEP, SIMPLE IRA |
$2,000 | $100 | |||||
| Automatic Investment Plan |
$100 | $100 | HSA |
$2,000 | $100 |
| Plan | Description | |
| Midas Bank Transfer Plan |
For making automatic investments from a designated bank account. | |
| Midas Salary Investing Plan |
For making automatic investments through a payroll deduction. | |
| Midas Government Direct Deposit Plan |
For making automatic investments from your federal employment, Social Security, or other regular federal government check. |
| • | the fund name; |
| • | your account number; |
| • | the name(s) on your account; |
| • | your address; |
| • | the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem; |
| • | the signature of all registered account owners, signed in the exact name(s) and any special capacity in which they are registered; |
| • | the Federal tax withholding election (for retirement accounts); |
| • | if the shares to be redeemed have a value of $100,000 or more, your signature(s) must be guaranteed by an original Medallion Signature Guarantee by an eligible guarantor institution outlined herein; and |
| • | any additional documentation as may be required. |
| Transaction |
Tax Treatment | |
| Income dividend |
Ordinary income or “qualified dividend income” | |
| Net short term capital gain distribution |
Ordinary income | |
| Net capital gain (see below) distribution |
Long term capital gain | |
| Sale, exchange, or redemption of shares held for more than one year |
Long term capital gain or loss | |
| Sale, exchange, or redemption of shares held for one year or less |
Short term capital gain or loss |
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Share Data (for a share outstanding throughout each period) |
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| Net asset value, beginning of period |
$1.18 | $1.10 | $1.12 | $1.26 | $1.56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from investment operations: |
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| Net investment loss (1) |
(0.04) | (0.04) | (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.03) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
2.34 | 0.12 | 0.01 | (0.12) | (0.27) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total from investment operations |
2.30 | 0.08 | (0.02) | (0.14) | (0.30) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paid‑in capital from redemption fees |
0.01 | — | * | — | * | — | * | — | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of period |
$3.49 | $1.18 | $1.10 | $1.12 | $1.26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Return |
195.76% | 7.27% | (1.79)% | (11.11)% | (19.23)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios/Supplemental Data |
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| Net assets at end of period (000s omitted) |
$44,060 | $10,777 | $11,176 | $12,100 | $13,967 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of total expenses to average net assets (2) |
3.47% | 5.98% | 5.11% | 4.25% | 3.83% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets |
(1.95)% | (3.75)% | (2.99)% | (2.16)% | (1.91)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate |
28% | 5% | 18% | 19% | 1% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Per Share Data (for a share outstanding throughout each period) |
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| Net asset value, beginning of period |
$34.51 | $27.81 | $21.41 | $29.40 | $22.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from investment operations: |
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| Net investment loss (1) |
(1.00) | (0.98) | (0.94) | (0.63) | (0.58) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments |
11.34 | 8.36 | 7.92 | (6.26) | 9.29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total from investment operations |
10.34 | 7.38 | 6.98 | (6.89) | 8.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paid‑in capital from redemption fees |
— | * | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | — | * | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Less distributions: |
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| Realized gains |
(3.69) | (0.70) | (0.60) | (1.12) | (2.05) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net asset value, end of period |
$41.16 | $34.51 | $27.81 | $21.41 | $29.40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Return |
29.87% | 26.61% | 32.70% | (23.38)% | 38.29% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratios/Supplemental Data |
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| Net assets at end of period (000s omitted) |
$25,231 | $20,515 | $17,513 | $15,451 | $21,346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of total expenses to average net assets (2) |
3.44% | 3.77% | 4.69% | 3.59% | 2.95% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of net investment loss to average net assets |
(2.65)% | (3.05)% | (3.84)% | (2.53)% | (2.06)% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Portfolio turnover rate |
5% | 3% | 6% | 24% | 23% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Annual/Semi-Annual Reports. Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. The Annual Report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find each Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements. |
| • | Statement of Additional Information (SAI). Provides additional information about the Funds, including a more technical and legal description of the Funds’ policies, investment restrictions, and business structure. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated by reference herein (is legally considered part of this prospectus). |
| • | By telephone, call: |
| • | By mail, write to: |
| • | Overnight express mail and courier |
| • | By e-mail, write to: |
| • | On the Internet, Fund documents |
Part B. Statement of Additional Information
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
April 30, 2026
MIDAS SERIES TRUST
MIDAS DISCOVERY
Ticker: MIDSX
MIDAS SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES
Ticker: MISEX
P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608
800-400-6432
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”), dated April 30, 2026, provides supplementary information pertaining to Midas Discovery (“Midas Discovery”) and Midas Special Opportunities (“Midas Special Opportunities”) (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”), which are separate series of Midas Series Trust (“Trust”), an open end management investment company. This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ prospectus, dated April 30, 2026 (“Prospectus”). This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus; in other words, this SAI also is legally a part of the Prospectus, which is available to prospective investors without charge upon request by calling 800-400-6432 or visiting https://www.midasfunds.com/documents.
The financial statements for each Fund and the accompanying notes and report of the independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, are included in the Annual Report to shareholders on Form N-CSR of that date and are incorporated herein by reference. The Annual Report is available without charge upon request by calling 800-400-6432 or visiting www.midasfunds.com.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| A-1 |
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FUND HISTORY
The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on September 28, 2012. On October 15, 2012, each of the then-existing three series of the Trust became the successor to one of three Maryland corporations (the “Predecessor Funds”), as set forth below.
| Series of Midas Series Trust, a Delaware Statutory Trust | Formerly/Predecessor Fund | Organized as a Maryland Corporation in | ||
| Midas Discovery | Midas Fund, Inc. | 1995 (changed its name from Midas Fund to Midas Discovery on April 30, 2025) | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities | Midas Magic, Inc. | 1986 (changed its name from Midas Special Fund, Inc. to Midas Magic on April 29, 2011 and from Midas Magic to Midas Special Opportunities on April 30, 2025) |
THE FUNDS’ INVESTMENT PROGRAMS
Each Fund is a series of the Trust, a non-diversified open end management investment company.
Investments and Investment Practices
Concentration. Midas Discovery concentrates its investments by investing at least 25% of its total assets in securities of companies primarily involved, directly or indirectly, in the business of mining, processing, fabricating, distributing or otherwise dealing in gold, silver, platinum or other natural resources (“Natural Resources Companies”). As such, Midas Discovery is subject to industry concentration risk, which is the risk that the Fund’s performance can be significantly affected by the developments in the Natural Resources industry.
Natural Resources Companies and Precious Metals Investing. Midas Discovery is subject to the special risks associated with investing in Natural Resources Companies, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals, including (i) the price of gold, silver, or other precious metals may be subject to wide fluctuation; (ii) the market for gold, silver, or other precious metals is relatively limited; (iii) the sources of gold, silver, or other precious metals are concentrated in countries that have the potential for instability; and (iv) the market for gold, silver, and other precious metals is unregulated.
Natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals have at times been subject to substantial price fluctuations over short periods of time and may be affected by unpredictable monetary and political policies such as currency devaluations or revaluations, economic and social conditions within a country, trade imbalances, or trade or currency restrictions between countries. The prices of natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals, however, are less subject to local and company specific factors than securities of individual companies. As a result, natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals may be more or less volatile in price than securities of companies engaged in precious metals related businesses. Investments in natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals can present concerns such as delivery, storage, and maintenance, possible illiquidity, and the unavailability of accurate market valuations. The Fund may incur higher custody and transaction costs for natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals than for securities. Also, natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals investments do not pay income.
The majority of producers of natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and other precious metals are domiciled in a limited number of countries. Economic and political conditions in those countries may have a direct effect on the production and marketing of natural resources, gold and silver bullion, and on sales of central bank holdings of such, if any.
Resource mining by its nature involves significant risks and hazards. Even when a resource mineralization is discovered, there is no guarantee that economically minable reserves will result. Mining exploration can last over a number of years, incur substantial costs, and not lead to any new commercial mining. Resource mining runs the risk of increased environmental, labor or other costs in mining due to environmental hazards, industrial accidents, labor disputes, discharge of toxic chemicals, fire, drought, flooding, and other natural acts. Changes in laws relating to mining or resource production or sales could also substantially affect resource values.
Midas Discovery is also subject to the risk that it may fail to qualify as a “regulated investment company” (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), if it derives more than 10% of its gross income in any taxable year from investments in gold, silver or platinum bullion or coins or other precious metals and certain other non-qualified related sources. Failure of the Fund to qualify as a RIC may result in adverse tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders unless the Fund was able to, and did, avail itself of certain relief
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provisions in the Code. See “Distributions and Taxes.” In order to ensure that it continues to qualify as a RIC, the Fund may be required to make investment decisions that are less than optimal or forego the opportunity to realize gains on precious metals.
Climate Change. Midas Discovery is subject to the special risks associated with climate change. Weather may play a role in the cash flows of the Natural Resources Companies in which Midas Discovery invests. Although many of the companies in the natural resources industry can reasonably predict seasonal weather patterns, extreme weather conditions, such as those that may result from climate change, are unpredictable. The damage done by extreme weather could adversely affect the financial conditions of Natural Resources Companies.
In December 2015, the United Nations, of which the U.S. is a member, adopted a climate accord (the “Paris Agreement”) with the long-term goal of limiting global warming and the short-term goal of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. subsequently ratified the Paris Agreement and it entered into force on November 4, 2016. The U.S. has since withdrawn twice from the Paris Agreement and rejoined once, and currently is not a party to it. Whether the U.S. determines to rejoin the Paris Agreement at some point in the future is unknown. As a result, Natural Resources Companies may be subject to changing or strengthened regulations or legislation which could increase their operating costs and/or decrease their revenues.
Equity Securities. Each Fund may invest in equity securities of U.S. and foreign issuers that, in the judgment of Midas Management Corporation (the “Investment Manager”), offer attractive potential to such Fund to reach its investment objective. Equity securities are subordinate to debt securities and generally are more volatile than debt securities and more vulnerable to changes in economic and industry conditions and in the financial conditions of the issuers of such securities.
While past performance does not guarantee future results, equity securities historically have provided the greatest long term growth potential in a company. Common stocks generally represent the riskiest investment in a company. Even investments in high quality or “blue chip” equity securities or securities of established companies with large market capitalizations (which generally have strong financial characteristics) can be negatively impacted by poor economic conditions. It is possible that a Fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on an individual equity investment. While this is also possible with bonds, it is less likely.
Foreign Securities and Emerging Markets. Because each Fund may invest in foreign securities, either directly or through other issuers who invest in foreign securities, investment in a Fund may involve investment risks of adverse political and economic developments that are different from an investment in a fund that invests only in the securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks may include adverse movements in the market value of foreign securities during days on which a Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) is not determined, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by foreign governments on dividend or interest income payable on the securities held in a Fund’s portfolio, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls and the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions that might adversely affect the payment of dividends or principal and interest on securities in a Fund’s portfolio.
Securities of many foreign issuers may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than those of comparable domestic issuers, and some foreign securities markets may trade a smaller number of securities or may be held by a relatively small number of persons or institutions. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, and limitations on the use or removal of funds or other assets. Because certain foreign entities are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable with those applicable to U.S. companies, there may be different types of, and lower quality, information available about a non-U.S. company than a U.S. company.
The costs associated with investment in foreign issuers, including withholding taxes, brokerage commissions, and custodial fees, are higher than those associated with investment in domestic issuers. Further, certain foreign markets may require payment for securities before delivery. Foreign securities transactions also may be subject to difficulties associated with the settlement of such transactions, including extended clearance and settlement periods. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of a Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause a Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result in losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in liability to the purchaser.
Each Fund may invest in foreign securities by purchasing American Depository Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depository Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”) and International Depository Receipts (“IDRs”). ADRs (sponsored or unsponsored) are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities. Most ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and are traded on a U.S. stock exchange. However, they are subject to the risk of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate if, as is often the case, the underlying securities are denominated in foreign currency. EDRs and IDRs are receipts typically issued by a European bank or trust company evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities. GDRs are receipts issued by either a U.S. or non-U.S. banking institution evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities and are often denominated in U.S. dollars. Issuers of the securities underlying sponsored depositary receipts, but not unsponsored depositary receipts, are contractually obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, the market value of unsponsored depositary receipts is less likely to reflect the effect of such information.
In addition, geopolitical events may cause market disruptions. For example, acts of war or terrorism, such as the ongoing wars in Europe and in the Middle East, may disrupt securities markets, result in sanctions by the U.S. and other countries and negatively affect the Funds’
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investments. The Funds are also subject to risks related the politics of the U.S. and other countries. For example, the imposition of significant tariffs by the U.S. on foreign countries could lead to retaliatory tariffs by foreign countries, increased and prolonged market volatility, and sector-specific downturns in industries reliant on international trade. Furthermore, the potential departure of additional countries from the European Union (EU), such as the United Kingdom’s departure from the EU in 2020 (commonly known as “Brexit”), may have significant political and financial consequences for global markets.
The risks of investment in foreign securities are greater for investments in emerging markets. Many emerging market countries can experience substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging markets. Economies in emerging markets generally are dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by economic conditions, trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade.
Because of the high levels of foreign denominated debt owed by many emerging market countries, fluctuating exchange rates can significantly affect the debt service obligations of those countries. This could, in turn, affect local interest rates, profit margins and exports that are a major source of foreign exchange earnings. Although it might be theoretically possible to hedge for anticipated income and gains, the ongoing and indeterminate nature of the foregoing risks (and the costs associated with hedging transactions) makes it virtually impossible to hedge effectively against such risks.
To the extent an emerging market country faces a liquidity crisis with respect to its foreign exchange reserves, it may increase restrictions on the outflow of any foreign exchange. Repatriation is ultimately dependent on the ability of a Fund to liquidate its investments and convert the local currency proceeds obtained from such liquidation into U.S. dollars. Where this conversion must be done through official channels (usually the central bank or certain authorized commercial banks), the ability to obtain U.S. dollars is dependent on the availability of such U.S. dollars through those channels and, if available, upon the willingness of those channels to allocate those U.S. dollars to a Fund. In such a case, a Fund’s ability to obtain U.S. dollars may be adversely affected by any increased restrictions imposed on the outflow of foreign exchange. If a Fund is unable to repatriate any amounts due to exchange controls, it may be required to accept an obligation payable at some future date by the central bank or other governmental entity of the jurisdiction involved. If such conversion can legally be done outside official channels, either directly or indirectly, a Fund’s ability to obtain U.S. dollars may not be affected as much by any increased restrictions except to the extent of the price that may be required to be paid for the U.S. dollars.
The securities markets of emerging markets are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the securities markets of the United States and other more developed countries. In many respects, disclosure and regulatory standards are less stringent than in the United States and other major markets. There also may be a lower level of monitoring and regulation of emerging markets and the activities of investors in such markets; enforcement of existing regulations has been extremely limited. Investing in the securities of companies in emerging markets may entail special risks relating to the potential political and economic instability and the risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investment, convertibility of currencies into U.S. dollars and on repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation by any country, a Fund could lose its entire investment in any such country.
Many emerging market countries have little experience with the corporate form of business organization and may not have well developed corporation and business laws, concepts of fiduciary duty in the business context, or anti-fraud and anti-insider trading legislation. As such, minority shareholders may have little protection if management takes action that has an adverse impact on the securities in which a Fund invests. Some emerging markets have different settlement and clearance procedures. In certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in one or more emerging markets as a result of which trading of securities may cease or may be curtailed and prices for a Fund’s portfolio securities in such markets may not be readily available.
In addition to the risks discussed above, a Fund’s investments in other issuers that invest in emerging markets securities, including exchange traded funds or exchange traded grantor trusts (collectively, “ETFs”), registered and unregistered investment companies, and hedge funds, may be subject to additional risks. Certain emerging market countries require government approval prior to investments by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer and may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by residents of the countries. These investments are also subject to risks due to the inexperience of financial intermediaries, the lack of modern technology in the foreign market, and the possibility of temporary or permanent termination of trading. Because the ETFs, registered and unregistered investment companies, and hedge funds in which a Fund may invest may not hedge against foreign currency risks, including the risk of changing currency exchange rates, the value of foreign currency denominated portfolio securities may be reduced irrespective of the underlying investment.
U.S. Government Securities. The obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government in which a Fund may invest include direct obligations of the United States Department of the Treasury (“U.S. Treasury”) and obligations issued by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities. Included among direct obligations of the United States are Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes and Treasury Bonds, which differ in terms of their interest rates, maturities and dates of issuance. Treasury Bills have maturities of less than one year, Treasury Notes have maturities of one to 10 years and Treasury Bonds generally have maturities of greater than 10 years at the date of issuance. Included among the obligations issued by agencies and instrumentalities and government-sponsored enterprises of the United States are instruments
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that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (such as certificates issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”)), instruments that are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (such as securities of Federal Home Loan Banks), and instruments that are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality (such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) bonds).
Other U.S. government securities in which a Fund may invest include securities issued or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Loan Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board and Student Loan Marketing Association. A Fund may invest in instruments that are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury and instruments that are supported solely by the credit of the instrumentality or enterprise.
Historically, U.S. government securities have not been perceived to involve the general credit risks associated with investments in other types of debt securities and, as a result, the yields available from U.S. government securities are generally lower than the yields available from other debt securities. Like other debt securities, however, the values of U.S. government securities change as interest rates fluctuate. Fluctuations in the value of these portfolio securities will not affect interest income on existing portfolio securities but will be reflected in a Fund’s NAV.
With respect to U.S. government securities backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself, the investor must look principally to that agency or instrumentality for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to so do. As a result, there is a risk that these entities will default on a financial obligation.
Fixed Income Securities. Each Fund may invest in fixed income securities which can be subject to default risk, that is, the risk that the issuer’s promise to make payment will not be kept. The Investment Manager attempts to reduce this risk to a low level by purchasing high grade dollar assets including, but not limited to, U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, U.S. government agency and instrumentality securities, and debt obligations of corporations with a Standard & Poor Global’s (“S&P”) rating of “A” or higher. Long term dollar assets, and, to a lesser extent, short term dollar assets, are subject to the risk of rising interest rates. As rates rise, as they tend to do during periods of rising inflation, the market values of dollar assets decline. The degree to which a Fund, through its dollar assets, is exposed to the risk of rising interest rates can be measured by the average length to maturity of its net dollar assets (the amount of its dollar assets reduced by any outstanding borrowings). The greater the average length to maturity, the greater the risk.
If the Federal Reserve raises the federal funds rate, there is a risk that interest rates will rise. Market developments and other factors, including a general rise in interest rates, have the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from mutual funds that hold large amounts of fixed income securities. Such a move, coupled with a reduction in the ability or willingness of dealers and other institutional investors to buy or hold fixed income securities, may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets.
Swiss Franc Assets. The Swiss franc is subject to the risk that inflation (either actual or expected) will decrease in the United States or rise in Switzerland. The price of the Swiss franc is also subject to the imposition of exchange controls; to manipulation by the Federal Reserve System, the Swiss National Bank and, to a lesser extent, by other Swiss central banks and official agencies; and to investment controls established by the Swiss or U.S. government. While Switzerland has historically been a politically stable nation, there is no assurance that the country may not become subject to the risks associated with investments in foreign securities as described above.
Real Estate Company Securities. Investments in real estate company stocks category are generally common stocks, but a Fund may acquire preferred stocks of U.S. and foreign companies, shares of beneficial interest in real estate investment trusts, and ADRs, EDRs, and GDRs on stocks within this category.
Investments in securities of issuers engaged in the real estate industry entail special risks and considerations. In particular, securities of such issuers may be subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These risks include: the cyclical nature of real estate values, including the decline in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, demographic trends and variations in rental income, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, environmental risks, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, increases in interest rates and other real estate capital market influences. To the extent that assets underlying a Fund’s investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, the Fund may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent. Generally, increases in interest rates will increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could directly and indirectly decrease the value of the Funds’ investments.
Small Capitalization. Each Fund may invest in companies that are small or thinly capitalized and may have a limited operating history. Investments in small capitalization companies may involve greater risks than investments in larger, more established issuers because they generally are more vulnerable than stocks of larger companies to adverse business or economic developments. The securities of small capitalization companies generally are less liquid and have narrower product lines, more limited financial resources, and more limited markets for their stock as compared with larger companies. As a result, the value of such securities may be more volatile than the securities of larger companies. During broad market downturns, a Fund’s net asset value may fall further than those of funds investing in larger companies. Full
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development of small capitalization companies takes time, and for this reason, among others, a Fund should be considered a long term investment and not a vehicle for seeking short term profit.
Convertible Securities. Each Fund may invest in convertible securities which include corporate bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks, and other securities that entitle the holder to acquire common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both debt and equity securities. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest or preferred dividends paid or accrued until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted, or exchanged. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporation’s common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a debt obligation. Convertible securities are generally convertible either at a stated price or a stated rate (that is, for a specific number of shares of common stock or other security).
Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to non-convertible obligations. The price of a convertible security to some extent varies inversely with interest rates. While providing a fixed income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from a common stock but lower than that afforded by a non-convertible debt security), a convertible security also provides an opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock or other equity security into which it is convertible. As the market price of the underlying equity security declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying equity security. When the market price of the underlying equity security increases, the price of a convertible security tends to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying equity security. To obtain the higher yield, to the extent a Fund invests in convertible securities, it may be required to pay a purchase amount in excess of the value of the underlying equity security. While no securities investment is without some risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than the issuer’s common stock. However, the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed income security.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Certain convertible debt securities may provide a put option to the holder, which entitles the holder to cause the security to be redeemed by the issuer at a premium over the stated principal amount of the debt security under certain circumstances.
Preferred Stocks. Each Fund may invest in preferred stocks of U.S. and foreign issuers that, in the Investment Manager’s judgment, offer potential for growth of capital and income. Preferred stock represents an equity ownership interest in a corporation, but generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from liquidation of the company. Preferred stock is subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. In addition, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of the issuer’s bonds take precedence over the claims of owners of the issuer’s preferred and common stock. Some preferred stock also entitles their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a company’s common stock. Some preferred stock offers a fixed rate of return with no maturity date. Preferred stock with no maturity may perform similarly to long term bonds, and can be more volatile than other types of preferred stock with heightened sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Other preferred stock has a variable dividend, generally determined on a quarterly or other periodic basis. Because preferred stock represents an equity ownership interest in a company, its value usually will react more strongly than bonds and other debt instruments to actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition or prospects or to fluctuations in the equity markets. Preferred stock of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies. If interest rates rise, the specified dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. The value of preferred stocks is sensitive to changes in interest rates and to changes in the issuer’s credit quality. Unlike common stock, preferred stock does not usually have voting rights absent the occurrence of specified events; preferred stock, in some instances, is convertible into common stock. In order to be payable, dividends on preferred stock must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. There is, however, no assurance that dividends will be declared by the boards of directors of issuers of the preferred stocks in which a Fund invests.
Lower Rated Debt Securities. Each Fund may invest in investment grade and below investment grade securities. Midas Discovery may invest up to 35% of its total assets and Midas Special Opportunities may invest up to 100% of its total assets in unrated debt securities or debt securities rated below investment grade, although neither Fund currently intends to invest more than 5% of its total assets in such securities. Below investment grade securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds.” Below investment grade securities are regarded as being predominantly speculative as to the issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and interest. Below investment grade securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available for investment grade securities; however, risks associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally are greater than is the case with higher rated securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, issuers of below investment grade securities may be more likely to experience financial stress, especially if such issuers are highly leveraged. During periods of economic downturn, such issuers may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations also may be adversely affected by specific issuer developments, the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing. Therefore, there can be no assurance that in the future there will not exist a higher default rate relative to the rates currently existing in the market for below investment grade securities. The risk of loss due to default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of below investment grade securities
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because such securities may be unsecured and may be subordinate to other creditors of the issuer. The below investment grade securities in which a Fund may invest do not normally include instruments which, at the time of investment, are in default or the issuers of which are in bankruptcy. There can be no assurance, however, that such events will not occur after a Fund purchases a particular security, in which case a Fund may experience losses and incur costs. Below investment grade securities frequently have call or redemption features that would permit an issuer to repurchase the security from the Fund. If a call were exercised by the issuer during a period of declining interest rates, a Fund may have to replace such called security with a lower yielding security, thus decreasing the net investment income to the Fund and dividends to stockholders.
Below investment grade securities have been in the past, and may again in the future be, more volatile and less liquid than higher rated fixed income securities, so that adverse economic events may have a greater impact on the prices of below investment grade securities than on higher rated fixed income securities. Factors adversely affecting the market value of such securities are likely to affect adversely a Fund’s NAV.
Like higher rated fixed income securities, below investment grade securities generally are purchased and sold through dealers who make a market in such securities for their own accounts. However, there are fewer dealers in the below investment grade securities market, which market may be less liquid than the market for higher rated fixed income securities, even under normal economic conditions. Also, there may be significant disparities in the prices quoted for below investment grade securities by various dealers. As a result, during periods of high demand in the below investment grade securities market, it may be difficult to acquire below investment grade securities appropriate for investment by a Fund. Adverse economic conditions and investor perceptions thereof (whether or not based on economic reality) may impair liquidity in the below investment grade securities market and may cause the prices a Fund receives for its below investment grade securities to be reduced. In addition, a Fund may experience difficulty in liquidating a portion of its portfolio when necessary to meet the Fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuers. Under such conditions, judgment may play a greater role in valuing certain of a Fund’s portfolio instruments than in the case of instruments trading in a more liquid market. In addition, a Fund may incur additional expense to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default on a portfolio holding or to participate in the restructuring of the obligation.
Prices for junk bonds also may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments. For example, from time to time, Congress has considered legislation to restrict or eliminate the corporate tax deduction for interest payments or to regulate corporate restructuring such as takeovers, mergers or leveraged buyouts. Tax reform legislation enacted in 2017, as amended, generally limits the business interest deduction to 30% of adjusted taxable income plus the business interest income of the taxpayer, currently applicable to taxable years beginning in 2021 and thereafter.
Credit ratings are determined by credit rating agencies such as S&P, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”). Any shortcomings or inefficiencies in credit rating agencies’ processes for determining credit ratings may adversely affect the credit ratings of securities held by a Fund and, as a result, may adversely affect those securities’ perceived or actual credit risk.
Ratings of investment grade or better include the four highest ratings of S&P (AAA, AA, A, or BBB), Moody’s (Aaa, Aa, A, or Baa), and Fitch (AAA, AA, A, or BBB). Moody’s considers securities rated Baa to have speculative characteristics. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity for such securities to make principal and interest payments than is the case for higher grade debt securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade are deemed by these rating agencies to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers’ capacity to pay interest and repay principal and may involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. Debt securities rated lower than B may include securities that are in default or face the risk of default with respect to principal or interest.
Ratings of debt securities represent the rating agencies’ opinions regarding their quality, are not a guarantee of quality and may be reduced after a Fund has acquired the security. The Investment Manager may consider such an event in determining whether a Fund should continue to hold the security but is not required to dispose of it. Credit ratings attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value. Also, rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings in response to subsequent events, so that an issuer’s current financial condition may be better or worse than the rating indicates.
Municipal Securities. Each Fund may invest without limit in municipal securities of varying maturities. The municipal securities in which a Fund may invest include general obligation and revenue or special obligation securities. General obligation securities are secured by an issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit, and unlimited taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue or special obligations securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facility or project or, in a few cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other tax. Municipal securities also include private activity bonds (“PABs”). Dividends paid by a Fund attributable to municipal interest may be fully taxable to Fund shareholders unless at least 50% of a Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year consists of qualifying municipal obligations.
Repurchase Agreements. Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which a Fund purchases securities or other obligations from a bank or securities dealer (or its affiliate) and simultaneously commits to resell them to a counterparty at an agreed-upon date or upon demand and at a price reflecting a market rate of interest unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased obligations. The difference between the total amount to be received upon repurchase of the obligations and the price that was paid by a Fund upon acquisition is accrued as interest and included in the Fund’s net investment income. Repurchase agreements generally result in a fixed rate of return insulated from market fluctuation during the holding period, and generally are used as a
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means of earning a return on cash reserves for periods as short as overnight. The securities are held for a Fund by a custodian bank as collateral until resold and may be supplemented by additional collateral if necessary to maintain a total value equal to or in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement. Repurchase agreements carry certain risks, including risks that are not associated with direct investments in securities. If a seller under a repurchase agreement were to default on the agreement and be unable to repurchase the security subject to the repurchase agreement, the Fund would look to the collateral underlying the seller’s repurchase agreement, including the securities or other obligations subject to the repurchase agreement, for satisfaction of the seller’s obligation to the Fund. A Fund’s right to liquidate the securities or other obligations subject to the repurchase agreement in the event of a default by the seller could involve certain costs and delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase are less than the repurchase price (e.g., due to transactions costs or a decline in the value of the collateral), the Fund could suffer a loss. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller, realization of the collateral may be delayed or limited and a loss may be incurred. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. government securities (such as commercial paper and corporate bonds) may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency.
Repurchase agreements are usually for a term of one week or less, but may be for longer periods. Repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days may be considered illiquid. A Fund normally will not enter into repurchase agreements of more than seven days’ duration if more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such agreements and other illiquid investments.
Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), which permits an investment company to borrow in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets. Each Fund may incur overdrafts at its custodian bank from time to time in connection with redemptions and/or the purchase of portfolio securities or for any other purpose. In lieu of paying interest to the custodian bank, a Fund may maintain equivalent cash balances prior or subsequent to incurring such overdrafts. If cash balances exceed such overdrafts, the custodian bank may credit interest thereon against fees. Effective June 18, 2018, the Funds entered into a Revolving Credit Agreement and other related agreements (collectively, as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) with The Huntington National Bank (“HNB”), under which HNB may make loans to the Funds in such amounts as the Funds may from time to time request. The maximum loan amount under the Credit Agreement as most recently amended is the lesser of: (i) $9,000,000 for Midas Discovery and $6,000,000 for Midas Special Opportunities, or (ii) 30% of a Fund’s daily market value, which market value may be decreased by the exclusion of certain Fund assets or asset classes, as HNB may decide from time to time in its sole discretion. Each Fund pledges its securities and other assets as collateral to secure its obligations under the Credit Agreement and each Fund retains the risks and rewards of the ownership of such securities and other assets pledged.
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear an interest rate per annum to be applied to the principal balance outstanding, from time to time, equal to the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) plus 1.28%. An unused fee is charged equal to 0.125% per annum of the daily excess of the loan amount over the outstanding principal balance of the loan. The Funds were charged origination fees and expenses of $ 12,302 for Midas Discovery and $ 10,549 for Midas Special Opportunities upon entering into the Credit Agreement and such costs are amortized ratably through June 10, 2026, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement.
Securities Lending. In addition to the Credit Agreement with HNB, each Fund may lend portfolio securities or other assets for a fee to brokers, dealers, and other financial institutions. A Fund continues to receive the equivalent of the interest, dividends or other distributions paid by the issuer on the securities loaned as well as the benefit of any increase and the detriment of any decrease in the market value of the securities loaned and also has the opportunity to earn interest on the amount of the loan and on the loaned securities’ collateral. A Fund would have the right to call the loan and obtain the securities loaned at any time. A Fund would not have the right to vote the securities during the existence of the loan but would call the loan to permit voting of the securities, if, in the Investment Manager’s judgment, a material event requiring a stockholder vote would otherwise occur before the loan was repaid. The loan would be continuously secured by collateral consisting of cash, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, bank letters of credit, or any combination thereof, at all times equal to at least the market value of the assets loaned. Including such collateral as part of a Fund’s total assets, normally at no time will the value of assets loaned by a Fund exceed one-third of a Fund’s total assets (reduced by any amount that is rehypothecated as discussed above). In connection with its securities lending transactions, a Fund may return to the borrower or a third party which is acting as a “lending agent,” a part of the income earned from the investment of collateral received for securities loaned. There are risks to a Fund of delay in receiving additional collateral and risks of delay in recovery of, and failure to recover, the assets loaned should the borrower fail financially or otherwise violate the terms of the lending agreement. In the event of bankruptcy or other default of the borrower, a Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the loan collateral or recovering the loaned securities and losses, including (a) possible decline in the value of the collateral or in the value of the securities loaned during the period while a Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto, (b) possible subnormal levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights. A Fund may also experience losses as a result of the diminution in value of its cash collateral investments. Any loan made by a Fund will typically provide that it may be terminated by either party upon reasonable notice to the other party. By lending its portfolio securities, a Fund attempts to increase its income through the receipt of income on the loan. The Funds do not use affiliated agents in managing the lending program.
The Funds did not engage in securities lending activities during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. A description of the services provided to the Funds by the securities lending agent, if any, is set forth under “Borrowing” above.
Short Sales. Each Fund may engage in short sales transactions. A “short sale” is the sale by a Fund of a security which has been borrowed from a third party on the expectation that the market price will drop. The Funds may use short sales in an attempt to realize gain or for
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hedging purposes. To complete such a transaction, a Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. A Fund then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by a Fund. Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale normally will be retained by the counterparty, to the extent necessary to meet the margin requirements, or by the Fund’s Custodian until the short position is closed out. Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, a Fund normally will: (a) segregate cash or liquid securities at such a level that the segregated amount plus the amount deposited with the counterparty or the Fund’s Custodian as collateral (i) will equal the current value of the security sold short and (ii) will not be less than the market value of the security at the time the security was sold short; or (b) otherwise cover the Fund’s short position. Each Fund may sell short up to 100% of its net assets, but neither Fund currently intends to sell short more than 40% of its assets. The Funds will incur transaction costs in effecting short sales.
A Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. A Fund will incur a loss if the price of the security increases between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium or interest the Fund is required to pay in connection with the short sale. A short position may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the securities sold short and the securities being hedged. The effect of short selling is similar to the effect of leverage. Short selling may amplify changes in a Fund’s NAV. Short selling may also produce higher than normal portfolio turnover, which may result in increased transaction costs to a Fund. The Funds’ ability to engage in short sales may be impaired by any temporary prohibitions on short selling imposed by domestic and certain foreign government regulators.
ETFs. Each Fund may invest in shares of ETFs, which are designed to provide investment results generally corresponding to a securities or commodities index. ETFs usually are units of beneficial interest in an investment trust or represent undivided ownership interests in a portfolio of securities. Most ETFs are designed to provide investment results that generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the component securities of the benchmark index that they seek to track, although some are actively managed. ETFs do not sell individual shares directly to investors and only issue their shares in large blocks known as “creation units.” The investor purchasing a creation unit may sell the individual shares on a secondary market. Therefore, the liquidity of ETFs depends on the adequacy of the secondary market.
An investment in an ETF involves risks similar to investing directly in the component securities of the ETF, including the risk that the value of the component securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of their issuers, the value of stocks and other securities generally, and other market factors. Investments in ETFs that are designed to correspond to an equity index involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly based portfolio of common stocks, including the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of ETFs invested in by the Fund. There can be no assurance that an ETF’s investment objective will be achieved, as ETFs based on an index may not replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative weightings of securities in the index.
Typically, ETFs bear their own operational expenses, reducing its NAV and dividends potentially payable to investors. To the extent that the Fund invests in ETFs, the Fund’s stockholders will indirectly bear a pro rata share of the ETF’s expenses in addition to the expenses associated with an investment in the Fund. Typically, ETFs are investment companies. However, the term is used in the industry in a broad way to include securities issued by entities that are not investment companies. To the extent an ETF is an investment company, the limitations applicable to the Fund’s ability to purchase securities issued by other investment companies will apply.
Illiquid Assets. No Fund may purchase or otherwise acquire any security or invest in a repurchase agreement if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid assets, including repurchase agreements not entitling the holder to payment of principal within seven days. Illiquid investments are investments that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. In the absence of market quotations, illiquid investments are priced at “fair value.” Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Board of Trustees has designated the Investment Manager as the “valuation designee” responsible for valuing such securities based on fair value guidelines approved by the Board. The Investment Manager, in turn, has designated the members of its Valuation Committee as the persons responsible for determining the fair value of the Funds’ investments. Illiquid securities may be difficult to dispose of at a fair price at the times when a Fund believes it is desirable to do so. The market price of illiquid securities generally is more volatile than that of more liquid securities, which may adversely affect the price that a Fund pays for or recovers upon the sale of illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are also more difficult to value and thus the Investment Manager’s judgment plays a greater role in the valuation process. Investment of a Fund’s assets in illiquid securities may restrict a Fund’s ability to take advantage of market opportunities. The risks associated with illiquid securities may be particularly acute in situations in which a Fund’s operations require cash and could result in a Fund borrowing to meet its short term needs or incurring losses on the sale of illiquid securities.
Restricted securities generally can be sold in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), or in a registered public offering. Where registration is required, a Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time it may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, a Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek registration of the security.
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A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, including private placements, repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities and corporate bonds and notes. These instruments are often restricted securities because the securities are either themselves exempt from registration or sold in transactions not requiring registration. Institutional investors generally will not seek to sell these instruments to the general public but instead will often depend on an efficient institutional market in which such unregistered securities can be readily resold or on an issuer’s ability to honor a demand for repayment. Therefore, the fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or certain institutions is not dispositive of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the 1933 Act establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. An insufficient number of qualified institutional buyers interested in purchasing Rule 144A-eligible securities held by a Fund, however, could affect adversely the marketability of such securities and a Fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices.
The Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Board of Trustees” or “Board”) has delegated the function of making day-to-day determinations of liquidity to the Investment Manager’s Valuation Committee pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board. The Investment Manager takes into account a number of factors in reaching liquidity determinations, including (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers, (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, and (4) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). Pursuant to the Trust’s liquidity risk management program, which was adopted by the Board of Trustee pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Investment Manager monitors the liquidity of restricted securities in a Fund’s portfolio and reports periodically on liquidity determinations to the Board.
Temporary Defensive Positions. Each Fund may make temporary investments for defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, pending investment of the proceeds of sales of portfolio securities, or at other times when suitable investments are not otherwise available. Each Fund may invest some or all of its assets in cash, bank deposits, money market funds, money market securities of U.S. and foreign issuers, short term bonds, repurchase agreements, or similar investments. It is impossible to predict if, or for how long, a Fund will use any of such temporary defensive strategies.
Recent Market Conditions. Each Fund seeks to monitor market conditions on an ongoing basis and assess the impact of changing conditions on it and the risks associated with its investments. If a Fund determines that changed market conditions have affected the risks associated with it, the Fund would normally seek to assess the significance of the change and whether it is material to shareholders. If so, the Fund would typically seek to consider whether its existing disclosures are adequate in light of the changed conditions. If a Fund determines that changes in current market conditions have resulted in changes to the Fund’s risks that are material to investors, and that its current disclosures do not adequately communicate the changes, the Fund would in most circumstances seek to update its communications to shareholders, as needed, and provide any such updated communications to shareholders, at the time and in the manner required by the federal securities laws and as otherwise appropriate.
U.S. and international markets have experienced volatility in recent months and years due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors, including elevated inflation levels and wars in Europe and in the Middle East. Uncertainties regarding interest rate levels, political events, potential trade restrictions and tariffs, global geopolitical conflicts, and the possibility of a national or global recession have also contributed to market volatility.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in a Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
Cybersecurity Risk. With the Internet and other technologies being essential to conducting business, the Funds are susceptible to operational, information security, and related risks. The growing use of artificial intelligence may lead to increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber incidents affecting the Funds or their service providers, including incidents involving artificial intelligence, may cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Funds’ ability to calculate their NAVs, impediments to trading, the inability of shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional related costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, counterparties with which the Funds engage in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for shareholders) and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds’ service providers may have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Funds cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by their service providers or any other third parties whose operations may
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affect the Funds or their shareholders. As a result, in the event of a cyber incident, the Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The following information supplements the discussion in the Prospectus of the investment policies and limitations, objective, and restrictions of each Fund.
Investment Policies and Limitations. Unless otherwise specified, the investment policies and limitations of each Fund are not fundamental. Any policy or limitation that is not fundamental may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust without shareholder approval.
Investment Objective. A Fund cannot change its fundamental investment objective without the approval of the lesser of: (1) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding Fund shares are represented, or (2) a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. These percentages are required by the 1940 Act, and are referred to in this SAI as a “1940 Act majority vote.”
Investment Restrictions. Each Fund has adopted the following fundamental investment restrictions that may not be changed without a 1940 Act majority vote. Except for the percentage limitations referred to below with respect to borrowing, if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in value or assets will not constitute a violation of that restriction.
Midas Discovery
The Fund may not:
| 1. | Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act; |
| 2. | Engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws in connection with the disposition of the Fund’s authorized investments; |
| 3. | Purchase or sell real estate, provided that the Fund may invest in securities (excluding limited partnership interests) secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein; |
| 4. | Purchase or sell physical commodities (other than precious metals), although it may enter into (a) commodity and other futures contracts and options thereon, (b) options on commodities, including foreign currencies and precious metals, (c) forward contracts on commodities, including foreign currencies and precious metals, and (d) other financial contracts or derivative instruments; |
| 5. | Lend its assets, provided however, that the following are not prohibited: (a) the making of time or demand deposits with banks, (b) the purchase of debt securities such as bonds, debentures, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and short term obligations in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, and (c) engaging in securities, precious metals, and other asset loan transactions to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act; |
| 6. | Issue senior securities as defined in the 1940 Act. The following will not be deemed to be senior securities prohibited by this provision: (a) evidences of indebtedness that the Fund is permitted to incur, (b) the issuance of additional series or classes of securities that the Board of Trustees may establish, (c) the Fund’s futures, options, and forward transactions, and (d) to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and applicable rules and policies adopted by the SEC, (i) the establishment or use of a margin account with a broker for the purpose of effecting securities transactions on margin and (ii) short sales; or |
| 7. | Purchase any securities, other than obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if, immediately after such purchase, more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers in the same industry, except that the Fund will, under normal circumstances, invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in securities of Natural Resources Companies. |
Midas Special Opportunities
The Fund may not:
| 1. | Issue senior securities as defined in the 1940 Act. The following will not be deemed to be senior securities for this purpose: (a) evidences of indebtedness that the Fund is permitted to incur, (b) the issuance of additional series or classes of securities that the Board of Trustees may establish, (c) the Fund’s futures, options, and forward currency transactions, and (d) to the extent consistent with the 1940 Act and applicable rules and policies adopted by the SEC, (i) the establishment or use of a margin account with a broker for the purpose of effecting securities transactions on margin and (ii) short sales; |
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| 2. | Lend its assets, provided however, that the following are not prohibited: (a) the making of time or demand deposits with banks, (b) the purchase of debt securities such as bonds, debentures, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and short term obligations in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and (c) engaging in securities and other asset loan transactions limited to one third of the Fund’s total assets; |
| 3. | Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the federal securities laws in connection with the disposition of the Fund’s authorized investments; |
| 4. | Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act; |
| 5. | Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, although it may enter into (i) financial and foreign currency futures contracts and options thereon, (ii) options on foreign currencies, and (iii) forward contracts on foreign currencies; |
| 6. | Purchase or sell real estate, provided that the Fund may invest in securities (excluding limited partnership interests) secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies which invest in real estate or interests therein; or |
| 7. | Purchase any securities, other than obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, if, immediately after such purchase, more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of issuers in the same industry. |
Non-Fundamental Investment Limitations. The Board has established the following non-fundamental investment limitations that may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval:
Each Fund may:
| 1. | Invest up to 15% of the value of its net assets in illiquid securities, including repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice; |
| 2. | Purchase securities issued by other investment companies to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act; and |
| 3. | Pledge, mortgage, hypothecate or otherwise encumber its assets to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act. |
OPTIONS, FUTURES, AND FORWARD CURRENCY CONTRACT STRATEGIES
As discussed in the Prospectus, Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities may purchase and sell options (including options on commodities, foreign currencies, equity and debt securities, and securities indices), futures contracts (including futures contracts on commodities, foreign currencies, securities, and securities indices), options on futures, and forward currency contracts (Midas Discovery only) in an attempt to enhance returns by speculation or for hedging purposes. Certain special characteristics of and risks associated with the use of these instruments by the Funds are discussed below.
Regulation of the Use of Options, Futures, and Forward Currency Contract Strategies. In addition to the investment guidelines (described below) adopted by the Funds to govern investment in these instruments, the use of options, forward currency contracts, and futures is subject to the applicable regulations of the SEC, the several options and futures exchanges upon which such instruments may be traded, the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the various state regulatory authorities. The regulation of derivatives markets in the United States is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. New laws and regulations may negatively impact the Funds by increasing transaction or regulatory compliance costs, limiting the availability of certain derivatives, or otherwise adversely affecting the value or performance of derivatives the Funds trade. In November 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act to govern the use of derivatives and certain related instruments by registered investment companies. Rule 18f-4, which had a compliance date of August 19, 2022, replaced existing SEC guidance with a new framework for the use of derivatives by registered investment companies. Among other changes, Rule 18f-4 requires funds to trade derivatives and certain other instruments that create future payment or delivery obligations subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, develop and implement a derivatives risk management program and new testing requirements, and comply with new requirements related to board and SEC reporting. However, an exception from certain requirements is available if a fund qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” which is defined as a fund that limits its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. A fund that qualifies as a “limited derivatives user” must adopt written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed and tailored to manage the fund’s specific derivatives risks and detail how the fund intends to comply with the 10% limitation. The Funds intend to rely on the limited derivatives user exception.
A Fund’s ability to use options, forward contracts and futures may be limited by market conditions, regulatory limits and tax considerations, and a Fund might not employ any of the strategies described above. There can be no assurance that any strategy used will be successful. A Fund’s ability to successfully utilize these instruments may depend on the Investment Manager’s ability to predict accurately movements in the prices of the assets underlying the options, forward contracts and futures and movements in securities, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market for options and futures will always exist, and the
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historical correlations of the assets underlying the options, forward contracts and futures and portfolio objectives may be imperfect. There can be no assurance that the techniques described herein will provide adequate hedging or speculative returns, or that such techniques are or will be actually or effectively available due to liquidity, costliness, or other factors. Hedging maneuvers may fail or actually increase risk, and investors should not assume the availability of any of the hedging opportunities described herein. In any event, the Investment Manager will not likely attempt or obtain perfect balancing through hedging or otherwise, and a Fund might not use any hedging techniques, as described herein or otherwise, or use options, forward contracts and futures for purely speculative purposes. It also may be necessary to defer closing out a position to avoid adverse tax consequences.
Historically, advisers of registered investment companies trading commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps), including the Funds, have been excluded from regulation as Commodity Pool Operators (“CPOs”) pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5. In February 2012, the CFTC announced substantial amendments to the permissible exclusions, and to the conditions for reliance on the permissible exclusions, from registration as a CPO. To qualify for an exclusion under these amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5, if a Fund uses commodity interests (such as futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and swaps) other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish these positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 5% of the Fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options that are “in-the-money” at the time of purchase are “in-the-money”) or, alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the Fund’s NAV (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition, to qualify for an exclusion, a Fund must satisfy a marketing test, which requires, among other things, that a Fund not hold itself out as a vehicle for trading commodity interests. CPOs were required to comply with the amendments to CFTC Regulation 4.5, which became effective on April 24, 2012, as of December 31, 2012.
The Investment Manager currently claims an exclusion (under CFTC Regulation 4.5) from registration as a CPO with respect to each Fund and, in its management of each Fund, intends to comply with one of the two alternative trading limitations described above and the marketing limitation with respect to each Fund. Complying with the trading limitations may restrict the Investment Manager’s ability to use derivatives as part of the Funds’ investment strategies. Although the Investment Manager expects to be able to execute the Funds’ investment strategies within the limitations, the Funds’ performance could be adversely affected. In addition, rules adopted by the SEC and CFTC under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act may limit the availability of certain derivatives, may make the use of derivatives by the Funds more costly, and may otherwise adversely impact the performance and value of derivatives.
In addition to the products, strategies, and risks described below, the Investment Manager may discover additional opportunities in connection with options, futures, and forward currency contracts. These new opportunities may become available, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new options, futures and forward currency contracts are developed. The Investment Manager may utilize these opportunities to the extent they are consistent with a Fund’s investment objective and are permitted by a Fund’s investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities.
Cover for Options, Futures, and Forward Currency Contract Strategies. A Fund will seek to comply with SEC guidelines and rules (including Rule 18f-4) regarding the use of these instruments, including requirements relating to cover for these instruments, and will seek to, if required, (1) set aside or segregate cash or liquid securities whose value is marked to the market daily in the prescribed amount, or (2) enter into an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities, currencies, or other options, or futures contracts. Assets used for cover cannot be sold or closed while the position in the corresponding instrument is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Fund’s assets could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet current obligations.
Option Strategies. A Fund may purchase and write (sell) both exchange traded options and options traded on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market. Exchange traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed; which, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a Fund and its counterparty with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the dealer from which it has purchased the OTC option to make or take delivery of the securities, currencies, or other instrument underlying the option. Failure by the dealer to do so may result in the loss of any premium paid by a Fund as well as the loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
A Fund may purchase call options on securities (both equity and debt) that the Investment Manager intends to include in a Fund’s portfolio in order to fix the cost of a future purchase. Call options also may be used as a means of enhancing returns by, for example, participating in an anticipated price increase of a security. In the event of a decline in the price of the underlying security, use of this strategy may serve to limit the potential loss to a Fund to the option premium paid. Conversely, if the market price of the underlying security increases above the exercise price and a Fund either sells or exercises the option, any profit eventually realized may be reduced by the premium paid.
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A Fund may purchase put options on securities to hedge against a decline in the market value of securities held in its portfolio or to attempt to enhance return. A put option enables a Fund to sell the underlying security at the predetermined exercise price; thus, the potential for loss to the Fund below the exercise price is limited to the option premium paid. If the market price of the underlying security is higher than the exercise price of the put option, any profit a Fund realizes on the sale of the security may be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put option may be sold.
A Fund may, on certain occasions, wish to hedge against a decline in the market value of securities held in its portfolio at a time when put options on those particular securities are not available or attractive for purchase. A Fund may therefore purchase a put option on other selected securities, the values of which historically have positive correlation to the value of such portfolio securities. If the Investment Manager’s judgment is correct, changes in the value of the put options should generally offset changes in the value of the portfolio securities being hedged. However, the correlation between the two values may not be as close in these transactions as in transactions in which a Fund purchases a put option on a security held in its portfolio. If the Investment Manager’s judgment is not correct, the value of the securities underlying the put option may decrease less than the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities and therefore the put option may not provide complete protection against a decline in the value of those securities below the level sought to be protected by the put option.
A Fund may write call options on securities for hedging or to increase return in the form of premiums received from the purchasers of the options. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price during or at the end of the option period. This strategy may be used to provide limited protection against a decrease in the market price of the security, in an amount equal to the premium received for writing the call option less any transaction costs. Thus, if the market price of the underlying security held by a Fund declines, the amount of such decline normally will be offset wholly or in part by the amount of the premium received by the Fund. If, however, there is an increase in the market price of the underlying security to a level in excess of the option exercise price, and the option is exercised, a Fund may be obligated to sell the security at less than its market value. In addition, a Fund could lose the ability to participate in an increase in the value of such securities above the exercise price of the call option because such an increase may likely be offset by an increase in the cost of closing out the call option (or could be negated if the buyer chose to exercise the call option at an exercise price below the current market value). A Fund generally would give up the ability to sell any portfolio securities used to cover the call option while the call option was outstanding.
A Fund also may write put options on securities. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer (seller) the obligation to buy, the underlying security at the exercise price during the option period. So long as the obligation of the writer continues, the writer may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker/dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring it to make payment of the exercise price against delivery of the underlying security. If a put option is not exercised, a Fund may realize income in the amount of the premium received. This technique could be used to enhance current return during periods of market uncertainty. The risk in such a transaction would be that the market price of the underlying security would decline below the exercise price less the premiums received, in which case a Fund would expect to suffer a loss.
A Fund may purchase and write put and call options on securities indices in much the same manner as the more traditional securities options discussed above. Index options may serve as a hedge against overall fluctuations in the securities markets (or a market sector) rather than anticipated increases or decreases in the value of a particular security. A securities index assigns values to the securities included in the index and fluctuates with changes in such values. Settlements of securities index options are effected with cash payments and do not involve delivery of securities. Thus, upon settlement of a securities index option, the purchaser will realize, and the writer will pay, an amount based on the difference between the exercise price and the closing price of the index. The effectiveness of hedging techniques using securities index options may depend on the extent to which price movements in the securities index selected correlate with price movements of the securities in which a Fund invests.
A Fund may purchase and write straddles on securities and securities indexes. A long straddle is a combination of a call and a put purchased on the same securities index where the exercise price of the put is less than or equal to the exercise price on the call. A Fund may enter into a long straddle when the Investment Manager believes that it is likely that securities prices will be more volatile during the term of the options than is implied by the option pricing. A short straddle is a combination of a call and a put written on the same securities index where the exercise price of the put is less than or equal to the exercise price of the call. A Fund may enter into a short straddle when the Investment Manager believes that it is unlikely that securities prices will be as volatile during the term of the options as is implied by the option pricing. In such a case, a Fund normally will set aside cash or segregate cash or liquid assets equivalent in value to the amount, if any, by which the put is “in-the-money,” that is, that amount by which the exercise price of the put exceeds the current market value of the underlying securities index.
Foreign Currency Options and Related Risks. A Fund may take positions in options on foreign currencies to enhance returns by speculation or to hedge against the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on foreign securities that a Fund holds in its portfolio or that it intends to purchase. For example, if a Fund enters into a contract to purchase securities denominated in a foreign currency, it could effectively fix the maximum U.S. dollar cost of the securities by purchasing call options on that foreign currency. Similarly, if a Fund held securities denominated in a foreign currency and anticipated a decline in the value of that currency against the U.S. dollar, a Fund could hedge against such a decline by purchasing a put option on the currency involved. A Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. Although many options on foreign currencies are exchange traded, the majority are traded on the OTC market. A Fund normally will not purchase or write such options unless, in the Investment Manager’s opinion, the market for them is sufficiently liquid to ensure that the risks in connection with such options are not greater than the risks in connection with the underlying currency. In addition, options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those factors that influence foreign exchange rates and investments generally.
The value of a foreign currency option depends upon the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. As a result, the price of the option position may vary with changes in the value of either or both currencies and may have no relationship to the investment merits
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of a foreign security. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market involve substantially larger amounts than those that may be involved in the use of foreign currency options, investors may be disadvantaged by having to deal in an odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.
There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers and other market resources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Available quotation information is generally representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus may not reflect relatively smaller transactions (that is, less than $1 million) where rates may be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, around-the-clock market. To the extent that the U.S. options markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements may take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets until they reopen.
Special Characteristics and Risks of Options Trading. A Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. If a Fund wishes to terminate its obligation to purchase or sell under a put or a call option it has written, the Fund may purchase a put or a call option of the same series (that is, an option identical in its terms to the option previously written); this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, in order to terminate its right to purchase or sell under a call or put option it has purchased, a Fund may sell an option of the same series as the option held; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions essentially permit a Fund, prior to the exercise or expiration of the related option, to realize profits or limit losses on its option position, to prevent an underlying security from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying security or to enable a Fund to write another option on the underlying security with a different exercise price and/or expiration date. A Fund may realize a net gain or loss from a closing purchase transaction depending on whether the net amount of the original premium received on the call option is more or less than the cost of effecting the closing purchase transaction.
In considering the use of options to enhance returns by speculation or to hedge a Fund’s portfolio, particular note should be taken of the following:
| (1) | The value of an option position reflects, among other things, the current market price of the underlying security, securities index, commodity, or currency (each an “underlying instrument”), the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price, the historical price volatility of the underlying instrument, and general market conditions. For this reason, the successful use of options depends upon the Investment Manager’s ability to forecast the direction of price fluctuations in the underlying securities, commodities or currency markets, or in the case of securities index options, fluctuations in the market sector represented by the selected index. |
| (2) | Options normally have expiration dates of up to three years. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying instrument during the term of the option. Purchased options that expire unexercised have no value. Unless an option purchased by a Fund is exercised or unless a closing transaction is effected with respect to that position, the Fund will normally realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. |
| (3) | A position in an exchange listed option may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for identical options. Although the Funds intend to purchase or write only those exchange traded options for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option at any particular time. Closing transactions may be effected with respect to options traded in the OTC markets only by negotiating directly with the other party to the option contract or in a secondary market for the option if such market exists. Although a Fund normally will enter into OTC options with dealers that appear to be willing to enter into, and that are expected to be capable of entering into, closing transactions with a Fund, there can be no assurance that a Fund would be able to liquidate an OTC option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty to an OTC option, a Fund may be unable to liquidate an OTC option. Accordingly, it may not be possible to effect closing transactions with respect to certain options, which may result in a Fund having to exercise those options that it has purchased in order to realize any profit. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to a Fund. For example, because a Fund may maintain a covered position with respect to call options it writes on an instrument, it may not sell the underlying instrument (or invest any cash or securities used to cover the option) during the period it is obligated under such option. This requirement may impair a Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when such a sale or investment might be advantageous. |
| (4) | Securities index options are settled exclusively in cash. If a Fund writes a call option on an index, it cannot cover its obligation under the call index option by holding the underlying securities. In addition, a holder of a securities index option who exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. |
| (5) | A Fund’s activities in the options markets may result in a higher portfolio turnover rate (which in turn may result in recognition of net capital gains that will be taxable to shareholders when distributed to them) and additional brokerage costs; however, a Fund also may save on commissions by using options rather than buying or selling individual securities in anticipation or as a result of market movements. |
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Futures and Related Options Strategies. A Fund may engage in futures strategies for hedging purposes, to attempt to reduce the overall investment risk that would normally be expected to be associated with ownership of the securities in which it invests (or intends to acquire), or to enhance returns by speculation which may increase such risk. Such strategies may involve, among other things, using futures strategies to manage the effective duration of a Fund. If the Investment Manager wishes to shorten a Fund’s effective duration, the Fund may sell an interest rate futures contract or a call option thereon, or may purchase a put option on such futures contract. If the Investment Manager wishes to lengthen a Fund’s effective duration, the Fund may buy an interest rate futures contract or a call option thereon, or may sell a put option on such futures contract. Futures contracts and options thereon can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or returns by speculation. A Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts or options thereon to increase or reduce its exposure to an asset class without purchasing or selling the underlying securities, either as a hedge or to enhance returns by speculation.
A Fund may use interest rate futures contracts and options thereon to position its portfolio with respect to anticipated changes in the general level of interest rates. A Fund may purchase an interest rate futures contract when it intends to purchase debt securities but has not yet done so. This strategy may minimize the effect of all or part of an increase in the market price of the debt security that a Fund intends to purchase in the future. A rise in the price of the debt security prior to its purchase may either be offset by an increase in the value of the futures contract purchased by a Fund or avoided by taking delivery of the debt securities under the futures contract. Conversely, a fall in the market price of the underlying debt security may result in a corresponding decrease in the value of the futures position. A Fund may sell an interest rate futures contract in order to continue to receive the income from a debt security, while endeavoring to avoid part or all of the decline in market value of that security that may accompany an increase in interest rates.
A Fund may purchase a call option on an interest rate futures contract to benefit by a market advance in debt securities that the Fund plans to acquire at a future date. The purchase of a call option on an interest rate futures contract is analogous to the purchase of a call option on an individual debt security, which can be used as a temporary substitute for a position in the security itself. A Fund also may write put options on interest rate futures contracts to enhance returns, and may write call options on interest rate futures contracts to offset an anticipated decline in the price of debt securities held in its portfolio. A Fund also may purchase put options on interest rate futures contracts in order to hedge against a decline in the value of debt securities held in its portfolio or to enhance returns by speculation.
A Fund may sell securities index futures contracts in anticipation of a general market or market sector decline. To the extent that a portion of a Fund’s portfolio correlates with a given index, the sale of futures contracts on that index could reduce the risks associated with a market decline and thus provide an alternative to the liquidation of securities positions. For example, if a Fund correctly anticipates a general market decline and sells securities index futures to benefit by this anticipated movement, the gain in the futures position may potentially offset some or all of the decline in the value of the portfolio. A Fund may purchase securities index futures contracts if a general market or market sector advance is anticipated. Such a purchase of a futures contract could serve as a temporary substitute for the purchase of individual securities, which securities then may be purchased in an orderly fashion or as part of an attempt to seek capital gain by speculation. This strategy may minimize the effect of all or part of an increase in the market price of securities that a Fund intends to purchase. A rise in the price of the securities should be offset wholly or in part by gains in the futures position.
As in the case of a purchase of a securities index futures contract, a Fund may purchase a call option on a securities index futures contract on speculation for capital appreciation or as a hedge against a market advance in securities that the Fund plans to acquire at a future date. The purchase of put options on securities index futures contracts can be analogous to the purchase of protective put options on individual securities where a level of protection is sought below which no additional economic loss may be incurred by a Fund as part of an attempt to seek capital gain by speculation.
A Fund may sell foreign currency futures contracts to benefit from variations in the exchange rate of foreign currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. In addition, a Fund may sell foreign currency futures contracts when the Investment Manager anticipates a general weakening of the foreign currency exchange rate that could adversely affect the market value of a Fund’s foreign securities holdings or interest payments to be received in that foreign currency, or to enhance return by speculation. In this case, the sale of futures contracts on the underlying currency may reduce the risk to a Fund of a reduction in market value caused by foreign currency exchange rate variations and, by so doing, provide an alternative to the liquidation of securities positions and resulting transaction costs. When the Investment Manager anticipates a significant foreign exchange rate increase while intending to invest in a security denominated in that currency, a Fund may purchase a foreign currency futures contract to benefit from the increased rates pending completion of the anticipated transaction. Such a purchase may serve as a temporary measure to protect the Fund against any rise in the foreign currency exchange rate that may add additional costs to acquiring the foreign security position. A Fund may also purchase call or put options on foreign currency futures contracts to obtain a fixed foreign currency exchange rate at limited risk. A Fund may purchase a call option on a foreign currency futures contract to benefit from a rise in the foreign currency exchange rate while intending to invest in a security denominated in that currency or to enhance returns by speculation. A Fund may purchase put options on foreign currency futures contracts to benefit from a decline in the foreign currency exchange rates or the value of its foreign portfolio securities or to enhance returns by speculation. A Fund may write a put option on a foreign currency futures contract and may write a call option on a foreign currency futures contract as an income or capital appreciation strategy.
A Fund may also purchase these instruments to enhance income or return by speculation, for example by writing options on futures contracts. In addition, a Fund can use these instruments to change its exposure to securities or commodities price changes, or interest or foreign currency exchange rate changes, for example, by changing the Fund’s exposure from one foreign currency exchange rate to another.
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A Fund also may write put options on a futures contract while, at the same time, purchasing call options on the same futures contract in order to synthetically create a futures contract. The options typically will have the same strike prices and expiration dates. A Fund normally will only engage in this strategy when it appears more advantageous to the Fund to do so as compared to purchasing the futures contract.
A Fund may also purchase and write covered straddles on futures contracts. A long straddle is a combination of a call and a put purchased on the same futures contracts at the same exercise price. A Fund may enter into a long straddle when the Investment Manager believes that it is likely that the futures contract will be more volatile during the term of the options than is implied by the option pricing. A Fund may enter into a short straddle when the Investment Manager believes that it is unlikely that the futures contract will be as volatile during the term of the options as is implied by the option pricing.
Special Characteristics and Risks of Futures and Related Options Trading. No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, upon entering into a futures contract, a Fund is required to segregate in the name of the futures broker through whom the transaction is effected an amount of cash or liquid securities generally equal to 10% or less of the contract value whose value is marked to the market daily. This amount is known as “initial margin.” When writing a call or a put option on a futures contract and certain options on currencies, margin also must be deposited in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin does not involve borrowing to finance the futures or options transactions. Rather, initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract that is returned to a Fund upon termination of the transaction, assuming all obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a Fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment. Additionally, initial margin requirements may be increased generally in the future by regulatory action. Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker, are made on a daily basis as the value of the futures or options position varies, a process known as “marking to the market.” For example, when a Fund purchases a contract and the value of the contract rises, it receives from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, if the value of the futures position declines, the Fund is required to make a variation margin payment to the broker equal to the decline in value. Variation margin does not involve borrowing to finance the transaction but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund’s obligations to or from a clearing organization.
Buyers and sellers of futures positions and options thereon can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on options on securities, by selling or purchasing an offsetting contract or option. Futures contracts or options thereon may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade providing a secondary market for such futures contracts or options.
Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or option may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading and thereby prevent prompt liquidation of unfavorable positions. As a result, a Fund’s access to other assets held to cover its options or future positions could also be impaired. In such event, it may not be possible for a Fund to close a position and, in the event of adverse price movements, it may have to make daily cash payments of variation margin (except in the case of purchased options).
In considering a Fund’s use of futures contracts and options, particular note should be taken of the following:
| (1) | Futures and options are highly speculative and aggressive instruments. Successful use by a Fund of futures contracts and options may depend upon the Investment Manager’s ability to predict movements in the direction of the overall securities, currencies, precious metals and interest rate markets, which requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. Moreover, these contracts relate not only to the current price level of the underlying instrument or currency but also to the anticipated price levels at some point in the future. There is, in addition, the risk that the movements in the price of the contract will not correlate with the movements in the prices of the securities, commodities or currencies underlying the contract or the Fund’s portfolio securities. For example, if the price of the securities index futures contract moves less than the price of the securities, the correlation will be imperfect. Further, if the price of the securities has moved in an unfavorable direction, a Fund may be in a better position than if it had not used the contract at all. If the price of the securities has moved in a favorable direction, the advantage may be partially offset by losses in the contract position. In addition, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to borrow or sell assets from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements. Any such sale of assets may or may not be made at prices that reflect a rising market. Consequently, a Fund may need to sell assets at a time when such sales are disadvantageous to it. If the price of the contract moves more than the price of the underlying securities, a Fund can experience either a loss or a gain on the contract that may or may not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities. |
| (2) | In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between price movements in the futures or options position and the underlying instruments, movements in the prices of these contracts may not correlate perfectly with movements in the prices of the securities, precious metals or currencies due to price distortions in the futures and options market. There may be several reasons unrelated to the value of the underlying instruments that cause this situation to occur. First, as noted above, all participants in the futures and options market are subject to initial and margin requirements. If, to avoid meeting additional margin deposit requirements or for other reasons, investors choose to close a significant number of futures contracts or options through offsetting transactions, distortions in the normal price relationship between the securities, precious metals, currencies and the futures and options markets may occur. Second, because the margin deposit requirements in the futures and options market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, there may be increased participation by speculators in the futures market; such speculative activity in the futures market also may cause temporary price distortions. As a result, a correct forecast of general market trends may not result in successful use of futures contracts or options over the short term. In addition, activities of large traders in both the futures and securities markets involving arbitrage and other investment strategies may result in temporary price distortions. |
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| (3) | Positions in futures contracts and options on futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market for such contracts. Although a Fund intends to purchase and sell such contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a position, and in the event of adverse price movements, a Fund may continue to be required to make variation margin payments. |
| (4) | Like options on securities and currencies, options on futures contracts have limited life. The ability to establish and close out options on futures may be subject to the maintenance of liquid secondary markets on the relevant exchanges or boards of trade. |
| (5) | Purchasers of options on futures contracts pay a premium at the time of purchase. This amount and the transaction costs are all that is at risk. Sellers of options on futures contracts, however, must post initial margin and are subject to additional margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. In addition, although the maximum amount at risk when a Fund purchases an option is the premium paid for the option and the transaction costs, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract may result in a loss to the Fund when the use of a futures contract may not, such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying securities index value or the underlying securities, precious metals or currencies. |
| (6) | As is the case with options, a Fund’s activities in the futures and options on futures markets may result in a higher portfolio turnover rate (which in turn may result in recognition of net capital gains that will be taxable to shareholders when distributed to them) and additional transaction costs in the form of added brokerage commissions; however, the Fund also may save on commissions by using futures contracts or options thereon rather than buying or selling individual securities or currencies in anticipation or as a result of market movements. |
Special Risks Related to Foreign Currency Futures Contracts and Related Options. Buyers and sellers of foreign currency futures contracts are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. In addition, there are risks associated with foreign currency futures contracts and their use similar to those associated with options on foreign currencies described above.
Options on foreign currency futures contracts may involve certain additional risks. The ability to establish and close out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. Compared to the purchase or sale of foreign currency futures contracts, the purchase of call or put options thereon involves less potential risk to a Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of a call or put option on a foreign currency futures contract may result in a loss, such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying currency or futures contract, when the purchase of the underlying futures contract may not result in such a loss.
Forward Currency Contracts. A Fund may use forward currency contracts to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates or to enhance returns by speculation. A Fund may also use forward currency contracts in one currency or basket of currencies to attempt to benefit by fluctuations in the value of securities denominated in a different currency if the Investment Manager anticipates that there may be a correlation between the two currencies.
A Fund may enter into forward currency contracts with respect to specific transactions. For example, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, or the Fund anticipates the receipt in a foreign currency of dividend or interest payments on a security that it holds or anticipates purchasing, it may desire to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security or the U.S. dollar equivalent of such payment by entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or foreign currency, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying transaction. The Fund normally will thereby be able to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the currency exchange rates during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the payment is declared or accrues, and the date on which the payments are made or received. A Fund also may use forward currency contracts in connection with portfolio positions.
A Fund also may use forward currency contracts to shift its exposure from one foreign currency to another. For example, if a Fund owns securities denominated in a foreign currency and the Investment Manager believes that currency may decline relative to another currency, it might enter into a forward contract to sell the appropriate amount of the first currency with payment to be made in the second currency. Transactions that use two foreign currencies are sometimes referred to as “cross hedging.” Use of a different foreign currency magnifies the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. A Fund also may purchase forward currency contracts to enhance income when the Investment Manager anticipates that the foreign currency may appreciate in value, but securities denominated in that foreign currency do not present attractive investment opportunities.
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The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies can change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. Accordingly, it may be necessary for a Fund to purchase additional foreign currency on the spot (that is, cash) market (and bear the expense of such purchase) if the market value of the security is less than the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver and if a decision is made to sell the security and make delivery of the foreign currency. Conversely, it may be necessary to sell on the spot market some of the foreign currency received upon the sale of the portfolio security if the market value of the security exceeds the amount of foreign currency the Fund is obligated to deliver. The projection of short term currency market movements is extremely difficult and the successful execution of a short term strategy is highly uncertain. Forward contracts involve the risk that anticipated currency movements may not be accurately predicted, causing a Fund to sustain losses on these contracts and transaction costs. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospects for currency parities may be incorporated into the longer term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification or other investment strategies. However, the Investment Manager believes that it is important to have the flexibility to enter into forward contracts when it determines that the best interests of a Fund may be served.
At or before the maturity date of a forward contract requiring a Fund to sell a currency, it may either sell a portfolio security and use the sale proceeds to make delivery of the currency or retain the security and offset its contractual obligation to deliver the currency by purchasing a second contract pursuant to which it will obtain, on the same maturity date, the same amount of the currency that it is obligated to deliver. Similarly, a Fund may close out a forward contract requiring it to purchase a specified currency by entering into a second contract entitling it to sell the same amount of the same currency on the maturity date of the first contract. The Fund may realize a gain or loss as a result of entering into such an offsetting forward currency contract under either circumstance to the extent the exchange rate or rates between the currencies involved moved between the execution dates of the first contract and the offsetting contract.
The cost to a Fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currencies involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. The use of forward currency contracts does not eliminate fluctuations in the prices of the underlying securities a Fund owns or intends to acquire, but it does fix a rate of exchange in advance. In addition, although the use of forward currency contracts for hedging may limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time it limits any potential gain that might result should the value of the currencies increase.
Although a Fund values its assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, it does not intend to convert its holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. A Fund may convert foreign currency from time to time, and investors should be aware of the costs of currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to a Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
FUND COMPLEX
The investment companies (“Fund Complex”) advised by affiliates of Winmill & Co. Incorporated (“Winco”), the parent company of the Investment Manager, are:
Bexil Investment Trust (closed end investment company)
Foxby Corp. (closed end investment company)
Midas Series Trust (open-end investment company with two series: Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities)
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES
The Board of Trustees is responsible for the management and supervision of the Funds. The Board approves all significant agreements with those companies that furnish services to the Funds. These companies are as follows: Midas Management Corporation, the Funds’ Investment Manager; Midas Securities Group, Inc., the Funds’ distributor (the “Distributor”); Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, the Funds’ transfer and dividend disbursing agent, fund accountant, and tax service provider (the “Transfer Agent”); and Argent Institutional Trust Company, and its global subcustodial network, the custodian of the Funds’ securities (the “Custodian”).
The independent Trustees of the Trust (i.e., the trustees who are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act, of any of the Funds in the Fund Complex) are also members of the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee of the Board. The Audit Committee normally meets two times per year. The Audit Committee, among other things, meets with the Funds’ Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (“IRPAF”) to review its financial reporting, external audit matters, and fees charged by the IRPAF and evaluates the independence of the IRPAF. The Audit Committee is also responsible for recommending the selection, retention, or termination of the IRPAF and to review any other relevant matters, in order to provide the highest level of integrity and accuracy in the Funds’ financial reporting. The Audit Committee met twice during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
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The Nominating Committee’s primary purposes and responsibilities are (i) to identify individuals qualified to become members of the Board in the event that a position is vacated or created, (ii) to consider all candidates proposed to become members of the Board, subject to the procedures and policies set forth in the Trust’s Declaration of Trust and/or Bylaws or resolutions of the Board and other relevant factors, (iii) to select and nominate, or recommend for nomination by the Board, candidates for election as Trustees and (iv) to set any necessary standards or qualifications for service on the Board. The Nominating Committee may consider director nominees by shareholders. Recommendations for consideration by the Nominating Committee should be sent to the Secretary of the Trust at P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608. Shareholder proposals must be received within a reasonable time before the Trust begins to print and send its proxy materials relating to a particular meeting to be considered for inclusion in that proxy statement and form of proxy relating to the meeting. Shareholder proposals that are not received within a reasonable time before the Trust begins to print and send its proxy materials relating to a particular meeting will be considered untimely. Shareholder proposals that are submitted in a timely manner will not necessarily be included in the Trust’s proxy materials. Inclusion of such proposals is subject to applicable law and the governing documents of the Trust. The Trust does not hold regular annual meetings of shareholders The Nominating Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
The Board has also established an Executive Committee of which Mr. Thomas Winmill is the sole member. The Executive Committee meets from time to time, as needed, and except as further limited by the Board, when the Board is not in session the Executive Committee may exercise all powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Trust. The Executive Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
The names of the Trustees of the Trust, and their respective offices, dates of birth, and principal occupations during the last five years are set forth below.
| INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES (1) | ||||||||
| Name, Address (2), and Date of Birth |
Trustee Since (3) |
Principal Occupation and Business Experience for the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee (4) |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the Past Five Years (5) | ||||
| Roger Atkinson January 25, 1961 |
2020 | Since 2007, Mr. Atkinson has served as a manager with Cell-Mark Inc., a pulp and paper trading company. His responsibilities include directing trading activity, acquisitions, and risk management. |
4 | None | ||||
| Jon Tomasson September 20, 1958 |
2017 | Mr. Tomasson serves as Chief Executive Officer of Vinland Capital Investments, LLC (since 2002), a real estate investment company that he founded, and Chief Investment Officer of NRE Capital Partners LLC (since 2019), a private real estate lending company. Prior to starting Vinland, Mr. Tomasson was a principal with Cardinal Capital, a leading investor in single-tenant net-leased property, and served as a Vice President at Citigroup in the Global Real Estate Equity and Structured Finance group, part of the Real Estate Investment Bank, with both transactional and various management responsibilities. |
4 | None | ||||
| Peter Werner August 16, 1959 |
2012 (predecessor Fund: 2004) |
Retired. Previously, Mr. Werner taught, directed, and coached many programs at The Governor’s Academy of Byfield MA. He also previously held the position of Vice President in the Fixed Income Departments of Lehman Brothers and First Boston. His responsibilities included trading sovereign debt instruments, currency arbitrage, syndication, medium term note trading, and money market trading. |
4 | None | ||||
| INTERESTED TRUSTEE | ||||||||
| Thomas Winmill (6) June 25, 1959 |
2012 (predecessor Fund: 1993) |
Mr. Winmill is President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman, Chief Legal Officer, and a Trustee or Director of the Trust, Bexil Investment Trust, and Foxby Corp. He is a Director or Manager, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Legal Officer of the Investment Manager and Bexil Advisers LLC, registered investment advisers (collectively, the “Advisers”), Midas Securities Group, Inc., a registered broker-dealer (the “Broker-Dealer”), Bexil Corporation, a holding company (“Bexil”), and Winco, a holding company. He is a Director of Bexil American Mortgage Inc. and a Trustee of the Winmill Family Trust (“WFT”). He is Chairman of the Investment Policy Committee of each of the Advisers (the “IPCs”), and he is a portfolio manager of Midas Discovery, Midas Special Opportunities, Bexil Investment Trust, and Foxby Corp. He is a member of the New York State Bar and the SEC Rules Committee of the Investment Company Institute. |
4 | Global Self Storage, Inc. (1997-2025) | ||||
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(1) Refers to Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined under the Act. (2) Unless otherwise noted, the address of record for the Trustees is P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608. (3) Each Trustee shall hold office until his or her successor is elected, his or her death, or the Trust terminates, whichever is sooner, with certain exceptions. (4) The “Fund Complex” is comprised of each series of the Trust, Bexil Investment Trust, and Foxby Corp., which are managed by the Investment Manager or its affiliate. (5) Refers to directorships and trusteeships held by a Trustee during the past five years in any company with a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“1934 Act”) or any company registered as an investment company under the Act, excluding those within the Fund Complex. (6) Thomas Winmill is an “interested person” (as defined in the Act) of the Trust because of his position with the Investment Manager.
Messrs. Atkinson, Tomasson, and Werner also serve on the Audit and Nominating Committees of the Board. Mr. Winmill also serves on the Executive Committee of the Board.
None of the independent Trustees, nor their immediate family members, held any positions (other than trustee or director of the Funds in the Fund Complex) with the Investment Manager, the Distributor, Winco, or their affiliates or any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Investment Manager, the Distributor, Winco, or their affiliates, during the two most recently completed calendar years. | ||||||||
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Overall responsibility for the management of the Funds rests with the Board of Trustees. The Board recognizes the critical role that the Trustees, and particularly the independent Trustees, serve. The Board is not responsible for day-to-day management of the Funds but it does bear important other duties. To enhance the independence and effectiveness of the Trustees in these endeavors, and to assist them in serving their role on behalf of the interests of the Funds’ shareholders, the Board has adopted, and periodically reviews, policies and procedures designed to address and monitor risks to the Funds and conflicts of interest of which the Board is aware between the Funds and the Investment Manager and other service providers to the Funds. Such risks include, among others, investment risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, valuation risk and operational risk, as well as the overall business and disclosure risks relating to the Funds. Under the overall supervision of the Board, the Investment Manager and other service providers to the Funds also have implemented a variety of processes, procedures, and controls to address these risks. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. These processes include those that are embedded in the conduct of regular business by the Board and in the responsibilities of officers of the Funds and other service providers, but there can be no assurance that all risks can be avoided. Officers of the Trust, including the President, Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, and Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), report to the Board on a variety of matters at regular and special meetings of the Board, including matters relating to risk management. The Chief Financial Officer also reports regularly to the Board and to the Audit Committee on the Funds’ internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. The Board and the Audit Committee also receive regular reports from the Funds’ IRPAF on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Board meets with the Funds’ CCO, including meeting in executive session, to discuss issues related to portfolio compliance and, on at least an annual basis, receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Funds’, Investment Manager’s, and other service providers’ compliance programs. In addition, the Board also receives reports from the Investment Manager on the investments and securities trading of the Funds, as well as reports from the Investment Manager’s Valuation Committee regarding the valuation of those investments. The Board receives reports from the Funds’ primary service providers on a periodic or regular basis, including the Investment Manager as well as the Funds’ Custodian and Distributor. The Investment Manager also reports to the Board on other matters relating to risk management on a regular and as-needed basis.
Thomas Winmill, an “interested person” of the Funds, acts as Chairman of the Board of the Trust. The Board does not have a “lead independent Trustee.” Given the policies described above, the Trustees have determined that the current leadership structure of the Board is appropriate.
With respect to the specific experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills that led to the conclusion that each person should serve as a Trustee of the Trust, the Board considered and evaluated each Trustee’s relevant knowledge, experience, and expertise, the Trustee’s ability to carry out his duties in the best interests of the Funds, and the Trustee’s independence. Mr. Atkinson has experience with financial, accounting, regulatory, investment, and Board operational matters as well as monitoring the Investment Manager and other Fund service providers through his current position as a manager at CellMark, Inc., a pulp and paper trading company, where he directs trading activity, acquisitions, and risk management, various former positions, including serving as the sole member of Fort Vancouver Paper LLC, an international trading company, and his service as a fund independent trustee and director. Mr. Tomasson has experience with financial, accounting, regulatory, investment, and board operational matters as well as monitoring the Investment Manager and other Fund service providers through his
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current position as Chief Executive Officer of Vínland Capital Investments, LLC, and his former positions as a principal with Cardinal Capital Partners, and as a Vice President at Citigroup in the Global Real Estate Equity and Structured Finance group, part of the Real Estate Investment Bank. Mr. Werner has experience with financial, accounting, regulatory, investment, and Board operational matters as well as monitoring the Investment Manager and other Fund service providers through his former position as Vice President in the Fixed Income Departments of Lehman Brothers and First Boston and as a result of his service as a fund independent Trustee for more than fifteen years. Additionally, each of Messrs. Tomasson and Werner has been deemed an Audit Committee financial expert as defined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or other applicable law. Mr. Thomas Winmill has experience with financial, accounting, regulatory, investment, and Board operational matters as well as monitoring the Investment Manager and other Fund service providers as a result of his service as a Fund/Trust officer and interested Trustee for more than twenty years.
The executive officers of the Trust, other than those who serve as Trustees, each of whom serves at the pleasure of the Board, are as follows:
| OFFICERS OF THE TRUST | ||||
| Name, Address (1), and Date of Birth |
Title and Officer Since (2) | Principal Occupation and Business Experience for the Past Five Years | ||
| Russell Kamerman, Esq. July 8, 1982 |
Chief Compliance Officer since 2014. Secretary and General Counsel since 2017 | Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary, and General Counsel of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex, the Advisers, the Broker-Dealer, and Bexil. He is Assistant Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Secretary, and Assistant General Counsel of Global Self Storage, Inc., a self storage REIT (“SELF”), and Tuxis Corporation, a real estate company (‘‘Tuxis”). He is Assistant Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Secretary, and Co-General Counsel of Winco. He is a member of the New York State Bar and the Chief Compliance Officer Committee and the Advertising Compliance Advisory Committee of the Investment Company Institute. | ||
| Heidi Keating March 28, 1959 |
Vice President since 2012 (predecessor Fund: 1988) | Vice President of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex, the Advisers, the Broker-Dealer, Bexil, SELF, Tuxis, and Winco. She is a member of the IPCs. | ||
| Donald Klimoski II, Esq. September 24, 1980 |
Assistant Secretary, Assistant General Counsel, and Assistant Chief Compliance Officer since 2017 | Assistant Secretary, Assistant General Counsel, and Assistant Chief Compliance Officer of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex, the Advisers, the Broker-Dealer, and Bexil. He is Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary, and General Counsel of SELF and Tuxis. He is Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary, and Co-General Counsel of Winco. He is a member of the New York, New Jersey and Patent Bars and the Compliance Advisory Committee of the Investment Company Institute. Previously, he served as Associate General Counsel of Commvault Systems, Inc. Prior to that, he was an associate at Sullivan & Cromwell LLP, where his practice focused on mergers and acquisitions, securities law, corporate governance, intellectual property and related matters. | ||
| Thomas O’Malley July 22, 1958 |
Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Vice President since 2012 (predecessor Fund: 2005) | Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President, and Treasurer of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex, the Advisers, the Broker-Dealer, Bexil, SELF, Tuxis, and Winco. He is a certified public accountant. | ||
| Louis Soulios July 24, 1981 |
Vice President, Finance, since 2022 | Vice President, Finance, of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex, the Advisers, the Broker-Dealer, Bexil, SELF, Tuxis, and Winco. He is a certified public accountant. | ||
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(1) Unless otherwise noted, the address of record for the officers is P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608. (2) Officers hold their positions with the Trust until a successor has been duly elected and qualifies. Officers are generally elected annually at the December meeting of the Board of Trustees. The officers were last elected on December 18, 2025.
| ||||
The following table presents certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of each Fund’s shares as of December 31, 2025 by each Trustee of the Trust.
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| Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Midas Discovery |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Midas Special |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Trustee in Fund Complex | |||
| Independent Trustees: | ||||||
| Roger Atkinson |
None | None | Over $100,000 | |||
| Jon Tomasson |
None | None | None | |||
| Peter Werner |
$10,001 - $50,000 | $10,001 - $50,000 | $50,001-$100,000 | |||
| Interested Trustee: | ||||||
| Thomas Winmill |
Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 | |||
As of December 31, 2025, no independent Trustee or member of his immediate family owned beneficially or of record any securities in the Investment Manager or the Distributor or in any person controlled by, under common control with, or controlling the Investment Manager or the Distributor.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the independent Trustees received (or were entitled to receive) the following fees for service as a Trustee:
Compensation Table
| Name of Person, Position |
Aggregate Compensation From Each Fund |
Pension or Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses |
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement |
Total Compensation From Fund and | ||||
| Roger Atkinson, Trustee |
$6,394 (Midas Discovery) $5,506 (Midas Special Opportunities) |
None | None | $56,225 | ||||
| Jon Tomasson, Trustee |
$6,085 (Midas Discovery) $5,315 (Midas Special Opportunities) |
None | None | $57,725 | ||||
| Peter Werner, Trustee |
$6,293 (Midas Discovery) $5,607 (Midas Special Opportunities) |
None | None | $56,225 | ||||
Except for the Funds’ CCO, no officer, trustee or employee of the Investment Manager received any compensation from the Funds for acting in their capacity as such for the Funds. With respect to the Funds’ CCO, however, the Board appointed the CCO of the Funds to report directly to the Board and to have such duties and responsibilities as are required by Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act and as the Board may further define from time to time. The fair and reasonable compensation of the CCO is subject to the approval of the Board. Payment of such CCO compensation is made by the Investment Manager in advance of reimbursement by the Funds pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, as described below. Further, such CCO compensation is charged to parties other than the Funds based on an estimated assessment of time and other factors.
As of April 1, 2026, officers and Trustees of the Trust directly and indirectly beneficially owned, in the aggregate, approximately 1% of the outstanding shares of Midas Discovery and approximately 2% of the outstanding shares of Midas Special Opportunities.
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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. A control person is one who beneficially or through controlled companies owns more than 25% of the voting securities of a Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. A controlling person possesses the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted for shareholder vote by a Fund. As of April 1, 2026, the following persons were record owners (or to the knowledge of a Fund, beneficial owners) of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of such Fund:
| Name and Address | % Ownership (Applicable Fund) | Type of Ownership | ||
| Charles Schwab & Co. Inc./Reinvest Acct Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 101 Montgomery St. San Francisco, CA 94104-4122 |
10.54% (Midas Discovery) | Record | ||
| Charles Schwab & Co. Inc./Reinvest Acct Attn: Mutual Funds Dept. 101 Montgomery St. San Francisco, CA 94104-4122 |
6.37% (Midas Special Opportunities) | Record |
As of April 1, 2026, no shareholder owned a controlling interest (25% or greater) of any Fund.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Funds, the Investment Manager, and the Distributor each has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Code of Ethics”) that permits its personnel, subject to such code, to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. The Code of Ethics and related procedures restrict the personal securities transactions of its employees and require portfolio managers and other investment personnel to comply with pre-clearance and disclosure procedures. Its primary purpose is to, among other things, ensure that personal trading by the Investment Manager’s employees does not disadvantage the Funds.
PROXY VOTING
The Board has delegated the Funds’ vote of proxies, as described in the Funds’ proxy voting policies and procedures (attached to this SAI as Appendix A), to an independent third party voting service. The Funds have retained the right to override the delegation to the independent third party voting service on a case by case basis. With respect to a vote upon which a Fund overrides the third party voting service delegation, and to the extent that such vote presents a conflict of interest with management, the Fund normally will disclose such conflict to and obtain consent from the Trust’s independent Trustees or a committee thereof prior to voting the proxy.
A Fund may recall a loaned security in time to vote proxies or otherwise obtain rights to vote proxies of loaned securities if, among other things, the Fund believes a material event is likely to occur.
In addition, information regarding how each Fund voted proxies relating to its portfolio securities during the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request by calling the Funds toll-free at 800-400-6432 or on the Funds’ website at http://www.midasfunds.com and on the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
It is the policy of the Investment Manager to protect the confidentiality of client holdings and prevent the selective disclosure of non-public information concerning the Funds. The Funds have adopted Portfolio Information Disclosure Procedures (“Disclosure Policies”), as described below, which set forth the policies to be followed by the Funds’ officers and the Investment Manager when disclosing information about the portfolio holdings of the Funds.
Disclosure of the Funds’ complete holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, on the Funds website, www.MidasFunds.com, on Form N-PORT and Form N-CSR, as applicable. These regulatory filings are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
Generally, no information concerning the portfolio holdings of the Funds may be disclosed to any unaffiliated third party except as provided in the Disclosure Policies; although nothing therein is intended to prevent the disclosure of any and all portfolio information to the Funds’ services providers who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities and are
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subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law and/or contract. Such service providers may include, without limitation, the Investment Manager, Custodian, fund accountants, IRPAF, attorneys, and each of their respective affiliates and advisors.
Pursuant to the Disclosure Policies, each officer of the Funds may authorize the disclosure of non-public information concerning the portfolio holdings of the Funds on a case by case basis, subject to the approval of the CCO. The Investment Manager may publicly disclose all month end portfolio holdings of all Funds after a 30 day delay. With respect to analytical information, the Investment Manager may distribute the following information concerning each Fund’s month end portfolio prior to the 30 day delay period, provided that (a) at least 15 calendar days have elapsed since the month end to which the information relates and (b) the information has been made publicly available via the Investment Manager’s website or at www.MidasFunds.com (but not earlier than the 15 calendar day restriction): top ten holdings and the total percentage of the Fund such aggregate holdings represent, sector information, and the total percentage of the Fund held in each sector, and any other analytical data that does not identify any specific portfolio holding. Examples of permitted data include total net assets, number of holdings, market capitalization, P/E ratio, R2, and beta.
The Investment Manager may disclose (or authorize a service provider to the Funds to disclose) month end portfolio holdings for a legitimate business purpose (which shall not include the receipt of compensation as consideration for the disclosure) before the expiration of the applicable delay periods identified above and public disclosure of the information. The Investment Manager may distribute portfolio holdings information pursuant to a third party service arrangement with Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”) which provides that ISS does not distribute the portfolio holdings or results of the analysis to third parties, other departments or persons who are likely to use the information for purposes of purchasing or selling the Funds or the portfolio securities before the expiration of the applicable delay periods identified above and public disclosure of such information. Entities unwilling to execute an acceptable confidentiality agreement may only receive portfolio holdings information that has otherwise been publicly disclosed in accordance with the Disclosure Policies.
Officers or employees of the Investment Manager or the Funds may disclose or confirm the ownership of any individual portfolio holding position to reporters, brokers, shareholders, consultants or other interested persons only if such information previously has been publicly disclosed in accordance with these Disclosure Policies. Certain exceptions to the Disclosure Policies permit the non-public disclosure of portfolio holdings to a limited group of third parties so long as the third party has signed a written confidentiality agreement. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Board of Trustees and the Investment Manager may, on a case by case basis, impose additional restrictions on the dissemination of portfolio information beyond those found in the Disclosure Policies. The Disclosure Policies may not be waived, or exceptions made, without the consent of the Funds’ CCO. All waivers and exceptions are to be disclosed to the Board of Trustees no later than its next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting. Nothing contained in the Disclosure Policies is intended to prevent the disclosure of portfolio holdings information as may be required by applicable law.
The Disclosure Policies, as described above, seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio securities is in the best interests of Fund shareholders and address potential conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the Fund’s investment manager; principal underwriter; or any affiliated person of the Fund, its investment manager, or its principal underwriter, on the other.
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT
The Investment Manager, a registered investment adviser, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Winco. Other principal subsidiaries of Winco include Midas Securities Group, Inc., the Funds’ distributor and a registered broker-dealer. The principal business address of Winco and its subsidiaries, including Midas Securities Group, Inc., is P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608.
Winco is a Delaware corporation whose securities are traded in the over the counter market. Thomas Winmill and William and Woodworth Winmill, Thomas Winmill’s sons, and Mark Winmill, Thomas Winmill’s brother, control Winco through a voting trust.
Listed below are affiliated persons of the Funds who are also affiliated persons of the Investment Manager. The capacities by which they are affiliated are also included.
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Affiliated Persons of the Funds, the Investment Manager, and the Distributor
| Affiliated Person | Position(s) with Funds | Position(s) with Investment Manager |
Position(s) with Distributor | |||
| Thomas Winmill | Trustee, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer | Director, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer, IPC Chairman, Portfolio Manager | Director, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer | |||
| Mark Winmill | N/A | N/A | Principal, Executive Vice President | |||
| Thomas O’Malley | Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer | Director, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer, Vice President | Director, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer, Vice President | |||
| Russell Kamerman | General Counsel, Secretary, Chief Compliance Officer | General Counsel, Secretary, Chief Compliance Officer | General Counsel, Secretary, Chief Compliance Officer | |||
| Heidi Keating | Vice President | Vice President, IPC Member | Vice President | |||
| Donald Klimoski II | Assistant General Counsel, Assistant Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Secretary | Assistant General Counsel, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Chief Compliance Officer | Assistant General Counsel, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Chief Compliance Officer |
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
The Trust has entered into an Investment Management Agreement with the Investment Manager under which the Investment Manager acts as general manager of each Fund, and is responsible for the various functions assumed by it, including the regular furnishing of advice with respect to portfolio transactions. The Investment Manager also furnishes or obtains on behalf of each Fund all services necessary for the proper conduct of the Fund’s business and administration. As compensation for its services to each Fund, the Investment Manager is entitled to a fee, payable monthly and accrued daily, based upon each Fund’s average daily net assets. The Investment Management Agreement (including the fees paid by each Fund) is essentially identical to the previous investment management agreements entered into between the Investment Manager and each of the Predecessor Funds.
Under the Investment Management Agreement, the Investment Manager receives a fee from each of the Funds at the annual rate set forth below:
Midas Discovery
1.00% of the first $200 million of the Fund’s average daily net assets
.95% of average daily net assets over $200 million up to $400 million
.90% of average daily net assets over $400 million up to $600 million
.85% of average daily net assets over $600 million up to $800 million
.80% of average daily net assets over $800 million up to $1 billion
.75% of average daily net assets over $1 billion.
Midas Special Opportunities
1.00% of the first $10 million of the Fund’s average daily net assets
7/8 of 1.00% of average daily net assets over $10 million up to $30 million
3/4 of 1.00% of average daily net assets over $30 million up to $150 million
5/8 of 1.00% of average daily net assets over $150 million up to $500 million
1/2 of 1.00% of average daily net assets over $500 million.
The foregoing fees are calculated on the average daily value of each Fund’s net assets at the close of each business day. The foregoing fees for the Funds are higher than fees paid by shareholders of most other investment companies.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025, the Funds paid the Investment Manager the following investment advisory fees, reflected in the column, “Amount Paid.” The Investment Manager did not waive any fees during this time period.
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| Year | Fund Name | Amount Paid | ||
| 2023 |
Midas Discovery |
$117,613 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$154,304 | |||
| 2024 |
Midas Discovery |
$113,097 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$183,363 | |||
| 2025 |
Midas Discovery |
$251,429 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$202,740 |
Reimbursement for Administration
The Investment Manager shall supply the Funds and the Board of Trustees with reports and statistical data, as reasonably requested. In addition, if requested by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Investment Manager or its affiliates may provide services to the Trust or Funds such as, without limitation, accounting, administration, bookkeeping, broker/dealer recordkeeping, clerical, compliance, custody, dividend disbursing, fulfillment of requests for Fund information, proxy soliciting, securities pricing, registrar, and transfer agent services. Any reports, statistical data, and services so requested, or approved by the Board of Trustees, and supplied or performed will be for the account of the applicable Fund and the costs and out-of-pocket charges of the Investment Manager and its affiliates in providing such reports, statistical data or services shall be paid by that Fund, subject to periodic reporting to and examination by the independent Trustees. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025 the Funds reimbursed the Investment Manager for such administration services as follows:
| Year | Fund Name | Reimbursement Amount | ||
| 2023 |
Midas Discovery |
$93,330 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$129,725 | |||
| 2024 |
Midas Discovery |
$90,155 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$157,590 | |||
| 2025 |
Midas Discovery |
$131,290 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities |
$111,150 |
Under the Investment Management Agreement, each Fund assumes and pays all the expenses required for the conduct of its business including, but not limited to: (a) fees of the Investment Manager; (b) fees and commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the Funds; (c) costs, including the interest expense, of borrowing money; (d) fees and premiums for the fidelity bond required by Section 17(g) of the 1940 Act, or other insurance; (e) taxes levied against the Funds and the expenses of preparing tax returns and reports; (f) auditing fees and expenses; (g) legal fees and expenses (including reasonable fees for legal services rendered to the Funds by the Investment Manager or its affiliates); (h) salaries and other compensation of (1) any of the Funds’ officers and employees who are not officers, trustees, shareholders or employees of the Investment Manager or any of its affiliates, and (2) the Funds’ CCO to the extent determined by the independent Trustees; (i) fees and expenses incidental to Trustee and shareholder meetings of the Funds, the preparation and mailings of proxy material, prospectuses, and reports of the Funds to shareholders, the filing of reports with regulatory bodies, and the maintenance of the Funds’ legal existence; (j) costs of the registration of the Funds’ shares with Federal and state securities authorities (and maintenance of such registration); (k) payment of dividends; (l) costs of share certificates; (m) fees and expenses of the independent Trustees; (n) fees and expenses for accounting, administration, bookkeeping, broker/dealer recordkeeping, clerical, compliance, custody, dividend disbursing, reports providing and fulfillment of requests for Fund information, proxy soliciting, securities pricing, registrar, and transfer agent services (including costs and out-of-pocket expenses payable to the Investment Manager or its affiliates for such services); (o) costs of necessary office space rental and Fund web site development and maintenance; (p) costs of membership dues and charges of investment company industry trade associations; (q) such non-recurring expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, actions, suits or proceedings affecting the Funds and the legal obligation which the Funds may have to indemnify its officers and Trustees or settlements made; and (r) any and all organizational expenses of the Funds paid by the Investment Manager, which shall be reimbursed by the Funds at such time or times agreed to by the Funds and the Investment Manager.
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The Investment Management Agreement provides that the Investment Manager will not be liable to a Fund or any shareholder of a Fund for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by a Fund in connection with the matters to which the agreement relates. Nothing contained in the Investment Management Agreement, however, shall be construed to protect the Investment Manager against any liability to a Fund by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of obligations and duties under the Investment Management Agreement.
The Investment Management Agreement will continue with respect to each Fund for successive periods of twelve months, provided that its continuance is specifically approved at least annually for each Fund by (a) the Board or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund as defined in the 1940 Act, and (b) a vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Investment Management Agreement, or interested persons of any such party. The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated without penalty at any time either by a vote of the Board of Trustees or the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, on 60 days’ written notice to the Investment Manager, or by the Investment Manager on 60 days’ written notice to a Fund, and shall immediately terminate in the event of its assignment.
Performance Driven Properties, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Winco, has granted the Funds a non-exclusive license to use various service marks and domain names including “Midas” under certain terms and conditions on a royalty free basis. Such license may be withdrawn in the event the Investment Manager or another subsidiary of Winco is not the Funds’ investment manager. If the license is terminated, the Funds will eliminate all reference to those marks in their corporate name and cease to use any of such service marks or any similar service marks in its business.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Thomas Winmill is the portfolio manager of Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities. Mr. Winmill receives compensation from the Investment Manager and/or affiliated entities for his services to the Funds. As of December 31, 2025, Mr. Winmill’s compensation plan generally consists of base salary, employee benefits plan participation, qualified retirement plan participation, and an annual bonus, which may be discretionary and/or performance based. A portion of his compensation may be deferred based on criteria established by the Investment Manager, or at the election of the portfolio manager.
The portfolio manager’s base salary is determined annually by level of responsibility and tenure at the Investment Manager or its affiliates. The primary components of the portfolio manager’s annual bonus are based on (i) number of weeks’ salary paid as annual bonuses to employees generally of the Investment Manager and its affiliates, and (ii) the financial performance of the Investment Manager or its affiliates. A subjective component of the portfolio manager’s annual bonus is based on his overall contribution to management of the Investment Manager and its affiliates. The portfolio manager may also receive an asset level bonus upon assets under management reaching certain levels. The portfolio manager also may be compensated under equity based compensation plans linked to increases or decreases in the market value of the stock of the parent of the Investment Manager and its affiliates.
The portfolio manager’s compensation plan may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. The portfolio manager’s base pay tends to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities often reflecting increased assets under management and marketing efforts, which together indirectly link compensation to sales of Fund shares. The asset level bonus, although intended to encourage above average investment performance and account servicing, as well as lower expense ratios, may give rise to potential conflicts of interest by linking compensation to sales. The management of multiple Funds and accounts (including proprietary accounts) may give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the Funds and accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his time and investment ideas across multiple Funds and accounts. The portfolio manager may execute transactions for one Fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by another Fund or account. Securities selected for one Fund or account rather than another Fund or account may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. The management of personal accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest; there is no assurance that the Funds’ Code of Ethics will adequately address such conflicts.
In addition, given the multiple roles Mr. Winmill has within the Winco affiliated organization, there are constraints on his time, which may affect his ability to adequately service the Funds as the sole portfolio manager.
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2025 for Thomas Winmill relating to other accounts managed where Mr. Winmill is jointly or primarily responsible for day to day management. Mr. Winmill does not manage any accounts or assets with performance based advisory fees, or other pooled investment vehicles.
| Portfolio Manager | Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |||||
| Thomas Winmill |
Number: | 2 | N/A | 8 | ||||
| Assets (millions): | $324 | N/A | $45 |
As of December 31, 2025, the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by Thomas Winmill of Midas Discovery was $100,001 - $500,000 and of Midas Special Opportunities was $500,001 – $1,000,000.
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DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES
Pursuant to a Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, whose address is P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608, acts as principal distributor of each Fund’s shares. Under the Distribution Agreement with the Trust and on behalf of each Fund, the Distributor uses its best efforts, consistent with its other businesses, to sell shares of each Fund. Fund shares are sold continuously.
Pursuant to the Plan of Distribution (the “Plan”) adopted by the Trust on behalf of each Fund pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities each pay the Distributor monthly a fee of 0.25% per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets as compensation for its distribution and service activities. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities paid to the Distributor a fee in the amount of $62,857 and $54,354, respectively, under the Plan.
In performing distribution and service activities pursuant to the Plan, the Distributor may spend such amounts as it deems appropriate on any activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares or the servicing and maintenance of shareholder accounts, including, but not limited to: advertising, direct mail, and promotional expenses; compensation to the Distributor and its employees; compensation to and expenses, including overhead and telephone and other communication expenses, of the Distributor, the Investment Manager, the Funds, and selected dealers and their affiliates who engage in or support the distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts; fulfillment expenses, including the costs of printing and distributing prospectuses, statements of additional information, and reports for other than existing shareholders; the costs of preparing, printing and distributing sales literature and advertising materials; and internal costs incurred by the Distributor and allocated by the Distributor to its efforts to distribute shares of a Fund or service shareholder accounts such as office rent and equipment, employee salaries, employee bonuses and other overhead expenses.
Among other things, the Plan provides that: (1) the Distributor will submit to the Board at least quarterly, and the Board will review, reports regarding all amounts expended under the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made; (2) the Plan will continue in effect only so long as it is approved at least annually, and any material amendment or agreement related thereto is approved, by the Board, including those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreement related to the Plan (“Plan Trustees”), acting in person at a meeting called for that purpose, unless terminated by vote of a majority of the Plan Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Fund; (3) payments by a Fund under the Plan shall not be materially increased without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund; and (4) while the Plan remains in effect, the selection and nomination of Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds shall be committed to the discretion of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Funds.
It is the opinion of the Board that the Plan is necessary to maintain a flow of subscriptions to offset redemptions. Redemptions of mutual fund shares are inevitable. If redemptions are not offset by subscriptions, a Fund shrinks in size and its ability to maintain quality shareholder services declines. Eventually, redemptions could cause a Fund to become uneconomic. Furthermore, an extended period of significant net redemptions may be detrimental to orderly management of a portfolio. Offsetting redemptions through sales efforts benefits shareholders by maintaining the viability of a Fund. In periods where net sales are achieved, additional benefits may accrue relative to portfolio management and increased shareholder servicing capability. Increased assets enable a Fund to further diversify its portfolio, which spreads and reduces investment risk while increasing opportunity. In addition, increased assets enable the establishment and maintenance of a better shareholder servicing staff which can respond more effectively and promptly to shareholder inquiries and needs. While net increases in total assets are desirable, a primary goal of the Plan is to prevent a decline in assets serious enough to cause disruption of portfolio management and to impair the Funds’ ability to maintain a high level of quality shareholder services.
The Plan increases the overall expense ratio of the Funds; however, a substantial decline in Fund assets is likely to increase the portion of a Fund’s expense ratio comprised of management fees and fixed costs (i.e., costs other than the Plan), while a substantial increase in Fund assets may be expected to reduce the portion of the expense ratio comprised of management fees (reflecting a larger portion of the assets falling within fee scale down levels), as well as of fixed costs. Nevertheless, the net effect of the Plan is to increase overall expenses. To the extent the Plan maintains a flow of subscriptions to the Funds, there results an immediate and direct benefit to the Investment Manager by maintaining or increasing its fee revenue base, diminishing the obligation, if any, of the Investment Manager to make an expense reimbursement to a Fund, and eliminating or reducing any contribution made by the Investment Manager to marketing expenses. Other than as described herein, no Trustee or interested person of a Fund has any direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any related agreement.
The principal types of activities for which payments are or will be made under the Plan include those incurring charges for compensation, occupancy, telephone, fulfillment, advertising, printing, public relations, postage, and dealer payments.
During the Funds’ fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, payments made under the Plan covered the following activities in the following approximate amounts:
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| Activity | Midas Discovery | Midas Special Opportunities | ||||||
| Advertising1 |
$7,359 | $6,294 | ||||||
| Printing and Mailing Prospectuses2 |
$102 | $90 | ||||||
| Payments to the Third Parties3 |
$11,004 | $2,384 | ||||||
| Compensation of Sales Personnel4 |
$34,482 | $34,725 | ||||||
| Miscellaneous Expenses5 |
$10,138 | $10,894 | ||||||
| Total |
$63,085 | $54,387 | ||||||
| 1 | Including print, video, and public relations expenses. |
| 2 | Printing, postage, and fulfillment expenses for prospectuses, shareholder reports, and other Fund literature. |
| 3 | Dealer payments for distribution of Funds shares. |
| 4 | Distributor personnel. |
| 5 | Including allocated occupancy and telephone expenses. |
These amounts have been derived by determining the ratio each such category represents to the total expenditures incurred by the Distributor in performing services pursuant to the Plan for such period and then applying such ratio to the total amount of compensation paid by a Fund and received by the Distributor pursuant to the Plan for such period.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
A Fund’s NAV per share is determined as of the scheduled close of regular trading (regardless of an actual, unscheduled earlier closing due to weather, equipment failure, or other factors) in equity securities on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) (normally, 4 p.m. ET, and typically 1 p.m. ET around certain holidays) each day the NYSE is open for trading (“Business Day”). The NYSE is generally closed on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday (Presidents’ Day), Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Portfolio securities generally are valued by various methods depending on the primary market or exchange on which they trade. Most equity securities for which the primary market is in the United States are usually valued at the official closing price, last sale price or, if no sale has occurred, at the closing bid price. Most equity securities for which the primary market is outside the United States are usually valued using the official closing price or the last sale price in the principal market in which they are traded. If the last sale price on the local exchange is unavailable, the last evaluated quote or closing bid price normally is used. Foreign securities markets may be open on days when the U.S. markets are closed. For this reason, the value of any foreign securities owned by a Fund could change on a day when shareholders cannot buy or sell shares of the Fund.
In the event of an unexpected closing of the primary market or exchange, a security may continue to trade on one or more other markets, and the price as reflected on those other trading venues may be more reflective of the security’s value than an earlier price from the primary market or exchange. Accordingly, the Funds may seek to use these additional sources of pricing data or information when prices from the primary market or exchange are unavailable, or are earlier and less representative of current market value.
Gold and silver bullion is valued at 4:00 p.m. ET, at the mean between the last bid and asked quotations of the Bloomberg Composite (NY) Spot Price for that metal. Certain debt securities in which the Funds may invest may be priced through pricing services that may utilize a matrix pricing system which takes into consideration factors such as yields, prices, maturities, call features, and ratings on comparable securities or according to prices quoted by a securities dealer that offers pricing services. Open-end investment companies generally are valued at their NAV.
Securities for which market quotations are not readily available or reliable and other assets may be valued as determined in good faith by the Investment Manager under the direction of or pursuant to procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, called “fair value pricing.” Due to the inherent uncertainty of valuation, fair value pricing values may differ from the values that would have been used had a readily available and reliable market quotation for the securities existed. These differences in valuation could be material. A security’s valuation may differ depending on the method used for determining value. The use of fair value pricing by a Fund may cause the NAV of its shares to differ from the NAV that would be calculated using market prices. A fair value price is an estimate and there is no assurance that such price will be at or close to the price at which a security is next quoted or traded.
In December 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, which, among other things, establishes an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices. The compliance date for Rule 2a-5 was September 8, 2022. The Board of Trustees approved revised valuation procedures for the Funds to comply with the new rule. Pursuant to those procedures, the Board has appointed the Investment Manager as the Board’s “valuation designee” responsible for valuing such securities based on fair value guidelines approved
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by the Board. The Investment Manager, in turn, has designated the members of its Valuation Committee as the persons responsible for determining the fair value of the Funds’ investments.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
A Fund normally will only issue shares upon payment of the purchase price by check made payable to the Fund’s order in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank, electronic funds transfer, or by Federal Reserve wire transfer, the cost of such wire service to be paid by the shareholder. Cash, third party checks (except for properly endorsed IRA rollover checks), counter checks, starter checks, traveler’s checks, money orders (other than money orders issued by a bank), credit card checks, and checks drawn on non-U.S. financial institutions will not be accepted. No share certificates will be issued. Shares will be registered in the name of the shareholder or broker or its nominee by book entry in the stock transfer books of the Fund or its Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to reject any order, to cancel any order due to nonpayment, to accept initial orders by telephone, and to waive the limit on subsequent orders by telephone, with respect to any person or class of persons. In order to permit a Fund’s shareholder base to expand, to avoid certain shareholder hardships, to correct transactional errors, and to address similar situations, each Fund may waive or lower the investment minimums with respect to any person or class of persons. The Funds make no guarantees with respect to available trading vehicles and no promise of a right to make trades via telephone, fax, or internet. Orders to purchase shares are not binding on a Fund until they are confirmed by the Fund’s Transfer Agent. Each Fund reserves the right to waive any purchase or redemption requirements in its discretion to the extent permitted or required by applicable law.
If an order is canceled because of non-payment or because the purchaser’s check does not clear, the purchaser will be responsible for any loss a Fund incurs. If the purchaser is already a shareholder, the Fund can redeem shares from the purchaser’s account to reimburse the Fund for any loss. In addition, the purchaser may be prohibited or restricted from placing future purchase orders for shares of the Fund or any of the other Funds.
Each Fund has authorized one or more brokers to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on each Fund’s behalf. Each Fund may be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, accepts the order. A shareholder’s order will be priced at the Fund’s NAV next computed after such order is accepted by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee. Some transactions effected through financial intermediaries may be subject to different terms than those set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus.
Each Fund may redeem for any reason, at any time, at current NAV all shares owned or held by any one shareholder having an aggregate current NAV of any amount, subject to the requirements of applicable law. If not paid otherwise or waived by the Investment Manager, account charges for the $20 small account fee will be paid by the Fund redeeming shares. Qualified plan accounts offered by the Funds, such as individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or health savings accounts (“HSAs”), do not have annual custodial fees. The annual custodial fees for such accounts will be borne by the Fund. IRAs, however, will be subject to a pre-age 591⁄2 distribution/transfer fee of $10 and a plan termination fee of $20 per IRA. HSAs will be subject to a distribution/transfer fee of $10 and a plan termination fee of $20 per HSA.
Each Fund is designed as a long term investment, and short term trading is discouraged. Short term trading by Fund shareholders may adversely affect the Funds by interfering with portfolio management and increasing portfolio transaction and administrative costs. To discourage short term trading, a Fund may temporarily suspend or terminate purchases and exchanges by investors or groups of investors who engage in short term trading practices, which the Fund, the Investment Manager, or the Distributor believes may have an adverse impact on the Fund.
“Late trading” refers to the practice of placing orders to purchase or redeem a mutual fund’s shares with the fund’s transfer agent or an authorized intermediary after the designated time (the “Pricing Time”) as of which the fund calculates its NAV (usually the scheduled close of regular trading in equity securities on the NYSE, which normally occurs at 4 p.m. ET and, around certain holidays, 1 p.m. ET each day the NYSE is open for trading, unless weather, equipment failure, or other factors contribute to a trading halt that is effected on a market wide basis), but receiving the price based on the prior calculated NAV. “Late trading” also refers to the practice of placing conditional trade orders prior to the Pricing Time with the option of withdrawing or confirming the trade orders after the Pricing Time. Late traders gain the possibility of an information advantage based on news after the Pricing Time that could affect the value of a Fund’s holdings but is not reflected in the NAV pricing for that day. The Investment Manager and the Distributor have established the following policies and procedures to detect and prevent late trading: (1) no associated person of the Investment Manager or the Distributor may effect or facilitate late trading in the shares of any Fund; (2) the Investment Manager, the Distributor, and their associated persons are prohibited from entering into any agreement or adopting any practice with the purpose of permitting any person to engage in late trading; (3) all orders for trades in the shares of a Fund that are received after the Pricing Time for the Fund will be submitted for processing and pricing for the next calculated price; (4) the Investment Manager, the Distributor, the Transfer Agent and their associated persons will not permit an investor, broker, or other intermediary to alter, cancel, or withdraw a trade order in the shares of a Fund after the Pricing Time for that Fund, except to correct a manifest error and subject to the approval of the CCO; and (5) any associated person of the Investment Manager or the Distributor who becomes aware of any actions taken to effect or facilitate late trading in the shares of a Fund normally must promptly report those actions to the CCO.
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“Market timing” typically refers to the practice of frequent trading in the shares of mutual funds in order to exploit inefficiencies in fund pricing. Market timing transactions include trades in mutual fund shares that occur when the fund’s NAV does not fully reflect the value of the fund’s holdings – for example, when the fund has in its portfolio particular holdings, such as foreign or thinly traded securities, that are valued on a basis that does not include the most updated information possible. Each Fund may invest a substantial portion of their assets in foreign securities and may be subject to the risks associated with market timing and short term trading strategies to a greater extent than funds that do not. Securities trading in overseas markets present time zone arbitrage opportunities when events affecting portfolio securities values occur after the close of the overseas market but prior to the close of the U.S. market. Market timing can have a dilutive effect on the value of the investments of long term fund shareholders and can increase the transaction costs of a fund, which will be borne by all fund shareholders. In order to assist in the detection and prevention of market timing that may have an impact on a Fund, the Investment Manager and the Distributor have established the following policies and procedures: (1) the Investment Manager may monitor for market timers and establish criteria by which to identify potential market timers and to determine whether further action is warranted; (2) the Investment Manager may direct the Transfer Agent to reject any purchase or exchange orders, in whole or in part, including trading orders that in its opinion may be excessive in frequency and/or amount or otherwise potentially disruptive to the affected Fund(s) (the Investment Manager may consider the trading history of accounts under common ownership or control to determine whether to direct the Transfer Agent to reject an order); (3) due to the difficulty of identifying whether particular orders placed through banks, brokers, investment representatives, or other financial intermediaries may be excessive in frequency and/or amount or otherwise potentially disruptive to the affected Fund(s), the Investment Manager may consider all the trades placed in a combined order through a financial intermediary on an omnibus basis as a part of a group and such trades may be rejected in whole or in part by the affected Fund(s); (4) the Investment Manager or the Distributor in their sole discretion may, from time to time, seek the cooperation of broker-dealers and other third party intermediaries by requesting information from them regarding the identity of investors who are trading in the Funds, and restricting access to a Fund by a particular investor; and (5) any associated person of the Investment Manager or the Distributor who becomes aware of any actions taken to undertake, effect, or facilitate a market timing transaction contrary to a representation made in a Fund’s Prospectus or SAI will normally report the actions to the CCO.
If shares of any Fund held for 30 days or less are redeemed or exchanged, the Fund will normally deduct a redemption fee equal to 1% of the NAV of shares redeemed or exchanged. Redemption fees are retained by the Fund.
Midas Discovery
In-Kind Redemptions.
Midas Discovery may require redeeming shareholders to accept readily tradable gold or silver bullion, coins, ETF shares, or other Fund holdings (collectively “redemption assets”) in complete or partial payment of redemptions in instances where so doing may provide a benefit to the Fund. In-kind redemptions are taxed in the same manner to a redeeming shareholder as cash redemptions for federal income tax purposes.
If the Fund elects to dispose of assets through such in-kind redemptions, it would typically inform the Transfer Agent of the assets to be used and the order in which to use them. The Transfer Agent thereafter normally would honor all redemption requests, in the order received, by distributing the designated assets. Generally, the Transfer Agent would continue to effect all redemption requests for the Fund with in-kind distributions until the designated assets were exhausted or until the Fund instructs the Transfer Agent otherwise.
The Fund normally may not require a shareholder to accept an asset in an in-kind redemption if the necessary costs of selling the asset by a broker or other institution selected by the Fund (in the form and quantity distributed to the shareholder) exceed 2% of the asset’s value at the time of the redemption.
The Fund may select a broker or other institution in its sole discretion for shareholders to sell the assets distributed to them in an in-kind redemption. In the event that a shareholder selects another broker or institution to sell assets distributed to such shareholder, the Fund to the extent practicable normally would deliver the assets to the shareholder as such shareholder directs.
The Fund will seek to inform the shareholder of the delivery of the redemption assets to such an account at or about the time of the in-kind redemption. Once the shareholder is informed of such delivery, all risk of transfer and ownership of such redemption assets is assumed by such shareholder.
The Fund has also adopted the following operating policies with respect to in-kind redemptions:
| • | the Fund shall seek to identify before 4:00 p.m. ET of the day on which such in-kind redemptions may be required, assets held by the Fund that are available for in-kind redemption; |
| • | the asset price used to effect the redemption shall be the respective asset price used to calculate the NAV of the shares being redeemed; and |
| • | in-kind redemptions may be limited to assets for which market quotations are readily available. |
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ALLOCATION OF BROKERAGE
Each Fund seeks to obtain prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net prices. Transactions are directed to brokers and dealers qualified to execute orders or provide brokerage and research services. The Investment Manager may also allocate portfolio transactions to broker/dealers that remit a portion of their commissions as a credit against the charges of Fund service providers. No formula exists and no arrangement is made with or promised to any broker/dealer that commits either a stated volume or percentage of brokerage business based on brokerage and research services furnished to the Investment Manager. Although Fund transactions in some securities may be conducted with dealers acting as principals at net prices incurring little or no brokerage costs, in other circumstances the Fund may engage a broker as agent for a commission to effect transactions for such similar securities. Purchases of securities from underwriters include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers include a spread between the bid and asked price. While the Investment Manager generally seeks competitive spreads or commissions, the Funds will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission available.
The Investment Manager directs portfolio transactions to broker/dealers for execution on terms and at rates which it believes, in good faith, to be reasonable in view of the overall nature and quality of services provided by a particular broker/dealer, including, but not limited to, brokerage and research services. With respect to brokerage and research services, consideration may be given in the selection of broker/dealers to brokerage or research provided and payment may be made for a fee higher than that charged by another broker/dealer which does not furnish brokerage or research services or which furnishes brokerage or research services deemed to be of lesser value, so long as the criteria of Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, or other applicable laws are met. Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act specifies that a person with investment discretion shall not be “deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached a fiduciary duty” solely because such person has caused the account to pay a higher commission than the lowest available under certain circumstances. To obtain the benefit of Section 28(e), the person so exercising investment discretion must make a good faith determination that the commissions paid are “reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided ... viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or his overall responsibilities with respect to the accounts as to which he exercises investment discretion.” Thus, although the Investment Manager may direct portfolio transactions without necessarily obtaining the lowest price at which such broker/dealer, or another, may be willing to do business, the Investment Manager seeks the best value to the Funds on each trade that circumstances in the market place permit, including the value inherent in ongoing relationships with quality brokers. Research services furnished by broker/dealers through which a Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the Investment Manager in servicing its other accounts, if any; accordingly, not all the services may be used by the Investment Manager in connection with the Funds.
Sometimes it is not possible to determine the extent to which commissions that reflect an element of value for brokerage or research services might exceed commissions that would be payable for execution alone, nor can the value of such services to a Fund be measured in some cases. There is no certainty that such services so acquired will be beneficial to the Funds. These services may include brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e)(3) of the 1934 Act, which presently include: (1) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; (2) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and (3) effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and custody). Pursuant to arrangements with certain broker/dealers, such broker/dealers provide and pay for various research oriented computer hardware, software, market pricing information, investment subscriptions and memberships, and other third party and internal research of assistance to the Investment Manager in the performance of its investment decision making responsibilities for transactions effected by such broker/dealers for the Funds. Commission “soft dollars” may be used only for brokerage and research services provided directly or indirectly by the broker/dealer and cash payments are not to be made by such broker/dealers to the Investment Manager. To the extent that commission “soft dollars” do not result in the provision of any brokerage and research services by a broker/dealer to whom such commissions are paid, the commissions, nevertheless, are the property of such broker/dealer. To the extent any such services are utilized by the Investment Manager for other than the performance of its investment decision making responsibilities, the Investment Manager makes an appropriate allocation of the cost of such services according to their use.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023, 2024, and 2025, Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities paid the following brokerage commissions:
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| Year | Fund Name | Total Amount Paid* | ||
| 2023 |
Midas Discovery | $13,878 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities | $1,759 | |||
| 2024 |
Midas Discovery | $3,903 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities | $1,060 | |||
| 2025 |
Midas Discovery | $40,313 | ||
| Midas Special Opportunities | $272 |
*The decrease in the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by Midas Discovery from 2023 to 2024 can be attributed to decreased re-positioning of the portfolio, and the increase in the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by Midas Discovery from 2024 to 2025 can be attributed to increased re-positioning of the portfolio. The decrease in the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by Midas Special Opportunities from 2023 to 2024 can be attributed to decreased re-positioning of the portfolio and the decrease in the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by Midas Special Opportunities from 2024 to 2025 can be attributed to decreased re-positioning of the portfolio.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities paid $254.65 and $272.36, respectively, in brokerage commissions to firms for providing research services involving approximately $543,605.25 and $3,620,996.81, respectively, of transactions. The provision of third party research services was not necessarily a factor in the placement of all of this business with such firms; however, as a general matter, trades may be placed on behalf of the Funds with firms that provide research, subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The Funds did not acquire securities of their regular brokers or dealers or of their parents (if applicable) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.
Bunched Trades
Investment decisions for a Fund are made independently based on each Fund’s investment objectives and policies. The same investment decision, however, may be made for two or more Funds in the Fund Complex. In such a case, the Investment Manager may combine orders for two or more Funds for a particular security (a “bunched trade”) so that all Funds participating in the bunched trade receive the same execution price with all transaction costs (e.g., commissions) shared on a pro rata basis, subject to de minimis exceptions. In the event that there are insufficient securities to satisfy all orders, the partial amount executed may be allocated among participating Funds pro rata on the basis of order size. In the event of a partial fill and the portfolio manager does not deem the pro rata allocation of a specified number of shares to a particular Fund to be sufficient, the portfolio manager may waive in writing such allocation. In such event, the Fund’s pro rata allocation may be reallocated to the other Funds that participated in the bunched trade. Following trade execution, portfolio managers may determine in certain instances that it may be fair and equitable to allocate securities purchased or sold in such trade in a manner other than that which may follow from a mechanical application of the procedures outlined above. Such instances may include: (i) partial fills and special Funds or accounts (in the event that there are insufficient securities to satisfy all orders, it may be fair and equitable to give designated Funds with special investment objectives and policies some degree of priority over other types of Funds); or (ii) unsuitable or inappropriate investment (it may be appropriate to deviate from the allocation determined by application of these procedures if it is determined before the final allocation that the security in question may be unsuitable or inappropriate for one or more of the Funds originally designated). While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or quantity of the security available with respect to a Fund, the Investment Manager believes that a bunched trade can generally result in more equitable execution and prices. Research services provided by brokers through which the Funds effect securities transactions may be used by the Fund’s Investment Manager in servicing all of its Funds and other accounts and not all of these services may be used by the Investment Manager in connection with the Funds. The accounts aggregated may include those accounts in which the Investment Manager’s officers, directors, agents, employees, or affiliates own interests.
Other
A Fund is not obligated to deal with any particular broker/dealer. Certain broker/dealers that Funds in the Fund Complex do business with may, from time to time, own more than 5% of the publicly traded Class A non-voting common stock of Winco, the parent of the Investment Manager, or shares of Winco’s publicly traded affiliates.
Portfolio Turnover
A Fund’s portfolio turnover rate may vary from year to year and will not be a limiting factor when the Investment Manager deems portfolio changes appropriate. The portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of a Fund’s annual purchases or sales of portfolio securities (exclusive of purchases or sales of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less) by the monthly average value of securities in the portfolio during the year. A higher portfolio turnover rate involves correspondingly greater transaction costs and increases the potential for recognition of net capital gains and resulting larger taxable distributions to shareholders.
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Midas Discovery’s portfolio turnover rate was 28% and 5% during fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in the portfolio turnover rate for Midas Discovery from 2024 to 2025 can be attributed to increased re-positioning of the portfolio.
Midas Special Opportunities’ portfolio turnover rate was 5% and 3% during fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in the portfolio turnover rate for Midas Special Opportunities from 2024 to 2025 can be attributed to increased re-positioning of the portfolio.
Certain broker/dealers are paid a fee for recordkeeping, shareholder communications, and other services provided by them to investors purchasing shares of a Fund through the “no transaction fee” or other programs offered by such brokers. This fee is based on the value of the investments in a Fund made by such brokers on behalf of investors participating in such programs. The Board has authorized the Investment Manager to place Fund brokerage transactions with such brokers on the same basis as other brokers. Commissions earned by such brokers from executing portfolio transactions on behalf of a Fund may be credited by them against the fee they charge a Fund, on a basis which has resulted from negotiations between the Investment Manager and such brokers.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Taxation of the Funds
Each Fund intends to continue to qualify as a RIC under Section 851 of the Code. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, each Fund (which is treated as a separate RIC for federal tax purposes) must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of net investment income, the excess of net short term capital gain over net long term capital loss (“short term capital gain”), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) (“Distribution Requirement”) and must meet several additional requirements. With respect to each Fund, these requirements include the following: (1) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies, and (ii) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (“QPTP”) (“Income Requirement”); and (2) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes) (“50% Diversification Requirement”), and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in (a) securities (other than government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (c) securities of one or more QPTPs (collectively, “Diversification Requirements”).
Midas Discovery may invest in gold and silver, other precious metals, and options and futures thereon and ETFs that invest therein. The Fund’s gains derived from its investments in options or futures contracts on precious metals generally will constitute “qualifying income” for purposes of the Income Requirement only if they are realized in connection with certain hedging transactions. Moreover, direct investments in precious metals would have adverse tax consequences for the Fund and its shareholders if it either (1) derived more than 10% of its gross income in any taxable year from gains from the disposition of precious metals and from other income that does not qualify under the Income Requirement or (2) held precious metals in such quantities that it failed to satisfy the 50% Diversification Requirement for any quarter of its taxable year. The Fund intends to continue to manage its portfolio and sources of income so as to avoid failing to satisfy those requirements for these reasons.
If a Fund failed to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year – either (1) by failing to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, even if it satisfied the Income and Diversification Requirements, or (2) by failing to satisfy the Income Requirement and/or either Diversification Requirement and was unable, or determined not to, cure a failure to satisfy any of the Income and Diversification Requirements, it would generally be taxed as a regular corporation on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it made to its shareholders. In addition, the shareholders would treat all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long term capital gain over net short term capital loss), as dividends to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits which (a), for individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders, would be treated as “qualified dividend income” as defined in the Prospectus (“QDI”), provided such shareholders satisfy certain holding period requirements, and thus would be taxable for federal income tax purposes at the rates applicable to long term capital gain and (b) in the case of corporate shareholders that met certain holding period and other requirements regarding their Fund shares, would be eligible for the dividends received deduction. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
If, at any time when any borrowings deemed “Senior Securities” under the 1940 Act are outstanding, a Fund does not meet (i) the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act, or (ii) if there are Senior Securities outstanding that have been rated by any rating agency, any additional requirements imposed by such rating agency, the Fund will usually be required to suspend distributions to holders of its common Shares until the asset coverage is restored. Such a suspension may prevent the Fund from satisfying the Distribution Requirement (that is, distributing at least 90% of its investment company taxable income) and therefore jeopardize its qualification for taxation as a RIC or cause it to incur federal income tax or Excise Tax (as defined below) liability on the undistributed taxable income (including gain), or both. On a
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failure to meet any of those asset coverage requirements, the Fund may, in its sole discretion, purchase or redeem any Senior Securities in order to maintain or restore the requisite asset coverage and avoid the adverse consequences to the Fund and its shareholders of failing to continue to qualify for treatment as a RIC. There can be no assurance, however, that any such redemption would achieve those objectives.
Each Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and capital gain net income for either the one-year period generally ended on October 31 of that year, or, if a Fund makes an election under Section 4982(e)(4) of the Code, the Fund’s fiscal year, plus certain other amounts.
Dividends and interest a Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding, or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
A Fund may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests for a taxable year: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a Fund that holds stock of a PFIC will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock or of any gain on its disposition of the stock (collectively, “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. A Fund’s distributions attributable to PFIC income will not normally be eligible to be treated as QDI.
If a Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then in lieu of the Fund’s incurring the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund will be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain — which the Fund most likely would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax — even if the Fund did not receive distributions from the QEF. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.
Each Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” any stock in a PFIC it owns at the end of its taxable year. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock over a Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, a Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. A Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
Investors should be aware that a Fund may not be able, at the time it acquires a foreign corporation’s shares, to ascertain whether the corporation is a PFIC and that a foreign corporation may become a PFIC after a Fund acquires shares therein. While each Fund generally will seek to minimize its investments in PFIC shares, and to make appropriate elections when they are available, to minimize the tax consequences detailed above, there are no guarantees that each Fund will be able to do so.
A Fund’s use of hedging strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures and entering into forward contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures, and forward contracts a Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as “qualifying income” under the Income Requirement.
Some futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, and “nonequity” options (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) – except any “securities futures contract” that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” (both as defined in the Code) and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement – in which a Fund invests may be subject to Code section 1256 (collectively, “section 1256 contracts”). Any section 1256 contracts a Fund holds at the end of its taxable year (and generally for purposes of the Excise Tax, on October 31 of each year) must be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized as a result of these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales, of Section 1256 contracts will be treated as long term capital gain or loss; the remainder will be treated as short term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that a Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short term capital gain, which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them), and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it. A Fund may elect to exclude certain transactions from the operation of section 1256, although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of short term capital gain (as noted above, distributions of which are taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them) and/or increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute to meet the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax.
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If a Fund has an “appreciated financial position” — generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract, or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than “straight debt”), or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis — and enters into a “constructive sale” of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures or forward contract a Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Fund’s transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale, or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
Each Fund may acquire zero coupon securities or other securities issued with original issue discount (“OID”). As a holder of those securities, each Fund must include in its gross income the OID that accrues on the securities during the taxable year, even if it receives no corresponding payment on them during the year. Because each Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income (including accrued OID) to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, a Fund may be required in a particular year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from a Fund’s cash assets or, if necessary, from the proceeds of sales of its securities. A Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
Income that a Fund derives from a company principally engaged in the real estate industry that is classified for federal tax purposes as a partnership (and not as a corporation or real estate investment trust (“REIT”)) and is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income under the Income Requirement only to the extent it would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund in the same manner as realized by that company.
Each Fund may invest in REITs that (1) hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or (2) engage in mortgage securitization transactions that cause the REITs to be taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”) or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. A portion of the net income allocable to REMIC residual interest holders may be an “excess inclusion.” The Code authorizes the issuance of regulations dealing with the taxation and reporting of excess inclusion income of REITs and RICs that hold residual REMIC interests and of REITs, or qualified REIT subsidiaries, that are TMPs. Although those regulations have not yet been issued, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) have issued a notice (“Notice”) announcing that, pending the issuance of further guidance, the IRS would apply the principles in the following paragraphs to all excess inclusion income, whether from REMIC residual interests or TMPs.
The Notice provides that a REIT must (1) determine whether it or its qualified REIT subsidiary (or a part of either) is a TMP and, if so, calculate the TMP’s excess inclusion income under a “reasonable method,” (2) allocate its excess inclusion income to its shareholders generally in proportion to dividends paid, (3) inform shareholders that are not “disqualified organizations” (i.e., governmental units and tax exempt entities that are not subject to tax on their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”)) of the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated thereto, (4) pay tax (at the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations) on the excess inclusion income allocated to its disqualified organization shareholders, and (5) apply the withholding tax provisions with respect to the excess inclusion part of dividends paid to foreign persons without regard to any treaty exception or reduction in tax rate. Excess inclusion income allocated to certain tax exempt entities (including qualified retirement plans, IRAs, and public charities) constitutes UBTI to them.
A RIC with excess inclusion income is subject to rules identical to those in clauses (2) through (5) (substituting “that are nominees” for “that are not ‘disqualified organizations’” in clause (3) and inserting “record shareholders that are” after “its” in clause (4)). The Notice further provides that a RIC is not required to report the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated to its shareholders that are not nominees, except that (1) a RIC with excess inclusion income from all sources that exceeds 1% of its gross income must do so and (2) any other RIC must do so by taking into account only excess inclusion income allocated to the RIC from REITs the excess inclusion income of which exceeded 3% of its dividends. Each Fund will not invest directly in REMIC residual interests and does not intend to invest in REITs that, to its knowledge, invest in those interests or are TMPs or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP.
In general, qualified REIT dividends that an investor receives directly from a REIT are automatically eligible for the 20% qualified business income deduction. The IRS has issued final Treasury Regulations that permit a dividend or part of a dividend paid by a RIC and reported as a “section 199A dividend” to be treated by the recipient as a qualified REIT dividend for purposes of the 20% qualified business income deduction, if certain holding period and other requirements have been satisfied by the recipient with respect to its Fund shares.
Taxation of the Funds’ Shareholders
The portion of Fund dividends, if any, derived from interest on certain U.S. government securities may be exempt from state and local personal income taxes, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements the Fund must meet. However, income from repurchase agreements and interest on mortgage backed U.S. government securities generally are not so exempt.
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If a shareholder purchases shares of a Fund within 30 days before or after selling, exchanging, or redeeming other shares of that Fund at a loss, all or part of that loss will not be deductible and instead will increase the basis in the newly purchased shares. If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long term, instead of short term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares.
Each Fund is required to withhold an amount determined under Code Section 3406 of all dividends, net capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders who do not provide the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number and make certain certifications. Withholding is also required from dividends and other net capital gain distributions otherwise payable to such shareholders who are subject to backup withholding for any other reason.
Dividends a Fund pays to a foreign shareholder, other than (1) dividends paid to a foreign shareholder whose ownership of shares is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business that the shareholder carries on and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year (calculated in accordance with a formula that takes into presence in prior years based on a weighted average), generally will be subject to a federal withholding tax of 30% (or lower treaty rate).
Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), a Fund may be required to withhold a generally nonrefundable 30% tax on (i) distributions of investment company taxable income and (ii) distributions of net capital gain and the gross proceeds of a sale, redemption or exchange of Fund shares paid to (A) certain “foreign financial institutions” unless such foreign financial institution agrees to verify, monitor, and report to the IRS the identity of certain of its accountholders, among other items (or unless such entity is otherwise deemed compliant under the terms of an intergovernmental agreement between the United States and the entity’s country of residence), and (B) certain “non-financial foreign entities” unless such entity certifies to the Funds that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or provides the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner, among other items. In December 2018, the IRS released proposed regulations that would eliminate FATCA withholding on Fund distributions of net capital gain and payment of gross proceeds from a sale, exchange, or redemption of Fund shares. Although taxpayers are entitled to rely on these proposed regulations until they are finalized, these proposed regulations are subject to change and may not be finalized in their proposed form. This FATCA withholding tax could also affect a Fund’s return on its investments in foreign securities or affect a shareholder’s return if the shareholder holds its Fund shares through a foreign intermediary. You are urged to consult your tax adviser regarding the application of this FATCA withholding tax to your investment in the Funds and the potential certification, compliance, due diligence, reporting, and withholding obligations to which you may become subject in order to avoid this withholding tax.
Each Fund has chosen the average basis method as its default basis determination method for Fund shares that certain shareholders acquired or acquire after December 31, 2011 (“Covered Shares”). Under the average basis method, all of the Covered Share purchase costs are added together in an aggregate cost amount. The basis per Covered Share is then determined by dividing the aggregate cost amount by the total Covered Shares in the account. The basis of Covered Shares that are sold, exchanged, or redeemed is determined by multiplying the number of those shares by the basis per Covered Share. Each Fund’s default basis determination method will be used unless a Fund shareholder selects a different IRS-approved basis determination method. If a shareholder prefers another basis determination method (such as a specific identification method), he or she can elect the preferred method by sending a letter of instruction to Midas Funds, c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, P.O. Box 46707, Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707. For overnight express mail and courier: Midas Funds, c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC, 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246. The basis determination method applied by the Fund, or the alternative method a Fund shareholder elects may not be changed with respect to a sale, exchange, or redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
In addition to the requirement to report the gross proceeds from a redemption of shares, each Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the IRS and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short term (one year or less) or long term (more than one year) holding period. Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best IRS accepted basis determination method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law applies to them.
*****
The foregoing is only a general summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders. Changes in tax laws, potentially with retroactive effect, could impact a Fund’s investments or the tax consequences to you of investing in a Fund. No attempt is made to present a complete explanation of the federal income tax treatment of the Funds’ activities, and this discussion is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information and for information regarding any state, local, or foreign taxes applicable to the Funds and to dividends and other distributions therefrom.
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CAPITAL STOCK INFORMATION
The Trust may issue additional series of shares. Currently, the Funds each offer only one class of shares, but the Board of Trustees is authorized to create additional classes and series.
Fund shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share and a fractional vote for each fraction of a share they own. Voting rights are not cumulative in the election of Trustees. All shares of a Fund are fully paid and non-assessable and have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares may be redeemed from a Fund at their then current NAV on any day that the Fund is open for business.
The Funds do not hold annual meetings of shareholders; however, certain significant corporate matters, such as the approval of a new investment advisory agreement or a change in a fundamental investment policy, which require shareholder approval, will be presented to shareholders at a meeting called by the Board for such purpose.
Special meetings of shareholders may be called for any purpose upon receipt by the Funds of a request in writing signed by shareholders holding not less than 25% of all shares entitled to vote at such meeting, provided certain conditions stated in the Trust’s by-laws (“Bylaws”) are met. There will normally be no meeting of the shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees until such time as less than a majority of Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time the Trustees then in office will call a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees. To the extent that Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act applies to a Fund, the Trustees are required to call a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any Trustee when requested in writing to do so by the shareholders of record of not less than 10% of that Fund’s outstanding shares.
On certain matters such as the election of Trustees, all shares of each of the Funds vote together as a single class. On other matters affecting a particular Fund, the shares of that Fund vote together as a separate class, such as with respect to a change in an investment restriction of a particular Fund. In voting on an investment management agreement, approval by the shareholders of a Fund is effective as to that Fund whether or not enough votes are received from the shareholders of the other Fund to approve the investment management agreement for the other Fund.
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
Additional information about each Fund’s investments, including a list of investments held and statements of assets and liabilities, operations, and changes in net assets of each Fund is available in the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders on Form N-CSR.
CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT
Argent Institutional Trust Company, 5901 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Atlanta, GA 30328, has been retained to act as Custodian of each Fund’s investments and may appoint one or more subcustodians. The Custodian is responsible for the safekeeping of Fund assets. Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, P.O. Box 46707, Cincinnati, OH 45246-0707, acts as the Funds’ Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent and performs accounting and tax services for the Funds.
The Funds and/or the Distributor have entered into certain agreements with third party service providers (“Recordkeepers”) pursuant to which the Funds participate in various “no transaction fee” and other distribution programs offered by the Recordkeepers and pursuant to which the Recordkeepers provide distribution services, shareholder services, and/or co-transfer agency services. The fees of such Recordkeepers are charged to a Fund for co-transfer agency services and to the Distributor for distribution and shareholder services and allocated between the Distributor and the Fund in a manner deemed equitable by the Board of Trustees. Cash compensation may also be paid to Recordkeepers for inclusion of the Funds on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, in other sales programs, or as an expense reimbursement in cases where the Recordkeeper provides shareholder services to the Funds’ shareholders. The Investment Manager may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Tait, Weller & Baker LLP (“Tait, Weller”), Two Liberty Place, 50 South 16th Street, Suite 2900, Philadelphia, PA 19102, is each Fund’s IRPAF. Tait, Weller audits each Fund’s financial statements annually.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements, related notes and related report of Tait, Weller contained in the Funds’ Annual Report to Shareholders on Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 are hereby incorporated by reference into this SAI.
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APPENDIX A – PROXY VOTING
AMENDED PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Each of Midas Series Trust, on behalf of Midas Discovery and Midas Special Opportunities, Bexil Investment Trust and Foxby Corp. (each, a “Fund,” and together, the “Funds”) will seek to vote its proxies in its own best interests, and without regard to the best interests of such Fund’s investment manager. These procedures are designed to ensure that voting determinations are not based on materially inaccurate or incomplete information.
| 1. | Delegation to Proxy Service Provider |
Each Fund delegates the responsibility for voting proxies of portfolio companies held in such Fund’s portfolio to Egan-Jones Ratings Company (the “Proxy Firm”). The current Wealth-Focused voting policy of the Proxy Firm, available at https://www.ejproxy.com/methodology, is incorporated by reference herein as each Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures, as supplemented by the terms hereof. Each Fund retains the right to override the delegation to the Proxy Firm on a case-by-case basis.
| 2. | Conflicts of Interest |
With respect to a vote upon which a Fund overrides the delegation to the Proxy Firm, to the extent that such vote presents a material conflict of interest between the Fund and its investment manager or any affiliated person of the investment manager, the Fund normally will disclose such conflict to, and obtain consent from, the Independent Trustees or Directors, as applicable, or a committee thereof, prior to voting the proxy. Such material conflicts may arise, for example, from the following relationships: (i) the portfolio company is an investor in a Fund; (ii) the portfolio company has a material business relationship with a Fund; (iii) the proponent of a proxy proposal has a business relationship with the Fund; (iv) a Fund has material business relationships with candidates for director in a proxy contest; or (v) an employee of a Fund or its affiliates has a personal interest in the outcome of a particular matter. This list provides examples of possible conflicts of interest and is not meant to be comprehensive. Each employee must notify the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer of any potential conflicts of interest of which he or she is aware.
In addition, if the Fund becomes aware of a material conflict of interest between the Proxy Firm and a portfolio company, the Fund will determine, on a case-by-case basis, whether to override the delegation to the Proxy Firm.
| 3. | Review of and Response to Errors |
If a Fund becomes aware of any material errors made by the Proxy Firm, it will typically take reasonable steps to investigate the error and seek to determine whether the Proxy Firm is taking reasonable steps to seek to reduce similar errors in the future. The Fund will normally document responsive actions taken in connection with any material errors made by the Proxy Firm.
| 4. | Ongoing Due Diligence |
On at least an annual basis, the Funds will typically:
| i. | Review the adequacy of these proxy voting policies and procedures; |
| ii. | Assess whether the Proxy Firm has properly submitted the voting instructions on behalf of the Funds, including, without limitation, seeking to determine whether it is voting consistently with these policies and procedures, which may include, among other things, sampling proxy votes; |
| iii. | Review the proxy voting guidelines of the Proxy Firm; and |
| iv. | Request the Proxy Firm to provide information about, among other things, changes to its policies and procedures. |
A-1
Wealth-Focused Policy Overview
Effective for shareholder meetings held on or after March 1, 2026
Published December 12, 2025
I. Wealth-Focused Policy Overview
Recommendations are based only on protecting and enhancing investor wealth.
Unlike conventional ESG frameworks that impose uniform governance and sustainability standards, this policy’s guiding philosophy is to allow management the freedom to manage, while holding directors accountable for poor returns to shareholders. The policy is not a “board-aligned” policy because directors with poor impact on shareholder returns will be opposed.
Restrictive governance and environmental protection proposals are generally opposed. Proposals promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion are also opposed. Exceptions only exist when proposals are directly tailored to revenue generation.
Director elections
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports nominees with a record of responsible leadership, including attending at least 75% of board and committee meetings. Additionally, the TSR of the Company over the director’s tenure is a primary consideration.
Director and executive compensation
The Wealth-Focused Policy supports compensation packages that are in alignment with total shareholder returns. Higher compensation packages are supported if significant shareholder returns have also been delivered.
Governance
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports removing board governance restrictions such as splitting CEO and chairman roles, term limits, and area expertise. Likewise, the Wealth-Focused Policy would generally oppose proposals for greater restrictions. The goal is to avoid excluding qualified board members who could drive shareholder returns.
Corporate operations (including human resources, health, safety, and environment)
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally rejects proposals to restrict the operations of the company, including with regards to hiring practices, environmental reporting, or political contributions. The goal is to rely on management and the board to effectively run the company’s operations. Poor shareholder returns due to operational failures will be considered during compensation votes and director elections.
Procedure
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports routine and procedural proposals such as those to tabulate proxy voting, elect a clerk, or approve the previous board’s actions, so as to not be obstructive to standard practices.
Auditors
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports management’s proposed auditor, given that the auditor does not generate outsized non-audit or total audit fees from the company. The goal is to support independent auditors.
A-2
Shareholder rights
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports broader shareholder rights such as equal voting rights and requiring shareholder approval for bylaw amendments. However, the policy will generally oppose proposals that give shareholders the ability to request fundamental changes to the business operations of the company, such as restructuring. The goal is to allow management and the board to make key business decisions, while enabling shareholders to hold them accountable.
Mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring
The Wealth-Focused Policy supports proposals with a high probability of yielding outsized returns for investors. The fairness opinion by a qualified investment banker or advisor is carefully considered for these proposals.
Capitalization
The Wealth-Focused Policy generally supports managements’ recommendations on the capitalization of the company. The goal is to rely on the expertise of the CEO and CFO. Poor shareholder returns due to capitalization failures will be considered during compensation votes and director elections. Excessive dilution for compensation plans is not supported unless directly tied to shareholder returns.
II. Notable Recommendations
View recommendations of the Wealth-Focused Policy from prior meetings.
Phillips 66
Annual Meeting
May 21, 2025
Opposition Proposal: Election of Directors
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends FOR the Elliott Nominees, as we believe their election is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. Over the past five years, PSX’s total shareholder return (TSR) has lagged its refining and midstream peers as well as the broader market. Additionally, the Company’s substantial financial losses have been driven largely by elevated operating expenses, particularly in labor, maintenance, and energy. We agree with the dissidents that a strategic shift—refocusing on core assets, especially within the refining segment—is necessary to enhance performance and support long-term value creation.
Harley-Davidson, Inc.
Annual Meeting
May 14, 2025
Management Proposal: Election of Directors
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends WITHHOLDING votes from management’s nominees for this withhold campaign. Harley-Davidson yielded -11% returns for investors over the same five-year period in which total market returns were 94%. We therefore recommend withholding votes from three long-standing directors as well as the CEO who have overseen long-term sustained underperformance of the Company.
Tesla Inc.
Annual Meeting
November 6, 2025
Management Proposal: Approval of the 2025 CEO Performance Award
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends FOR this proposal. While the potential dilution from the 2025 CEO Performance Award is estimated at 12.75%, which exceeds our typical threshold of shareholder equity dilution, we believe an exception is warranted in this case due to the highly performance-based structure of the potential awards to Mr. Elon Musk and the lengthy period over which these shares will be granted. If the full number of shares is granted over the next 10 years, the annual depletion rate each year will only be approximately 1.3%. Additionally, the combination of performance conditions and time-based vesting requirements is designed to align Mr. Musk’s compensation with long-term shareholder value creation. If Mr. Musk meets the requirements for all twelve tranches of the CEO Performance Award, shareholders of Tesla will see an approximate 700% increase in the value of their stock within 10 years. Hence, we believe that the 2025 Performance CEO Award is aligned with shareholders’ interests.
AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc.
Annual Meeting
December 10, 2025
Management Proposal: Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST AMC Holdings’ say-on-pay proposal as we do not believe the compensation amount is in alignment with shareholders’ interests. Specifically, we review the total compensation of the highest paid NEO as compared to Company performance (as measured by TSR). In this case, the TSR during 2024 was -34.8% while the total compensation of the CEO was over $11 million.
Alphabet Inc.
Annual Meeting
June 6, 2025
Shareholder Proposal: Regarding an Enhanced Disclosure on Climate Goals
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST this enhanced disclosure. Considering the Company already provides extensive disclosure regarding its climate strategy, goals, challenges, and risk-management processes in its annual Environmental Report, we believe that the shareholder proposal is redundant and will not create additional benefits or value for the shareholders.
Apple, Inc.
Annual Meeting
February 25, 2025
Shareholder Proposal: Report on Risks and Impacts of Charitable Giving
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST this report. Apple already has a well-governed corporate donations program, including strict safeguards such as prohibiting the use of funds for lobbying or political campaigns. The company regularly discloses its charitable activities, making the requested additional report redundant and unlikely to provide meaningful shareholder benefit, while unnecessarily intruding into Apple’s ordinary business operations.
Amazon.com, Inc.
Annual Meeting
May 21, 2025
Shareholder Proposal: Audit Report on Warehouse Working Conditions
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST. Considering Amazon has demonstrated a robust commitment to workplace safety, supported by measurable improvements in injury rates and extensive regulatory oversight, we believe that the proposed independent audit is unnecessary. Additionally, commissioning an audit could create legal and reputational risks by implying potential violations and providing a roadmap for future litigation, ultimately exposing shareholders to substantial long-term costs.
Comcast Corporation
Annual Meeting
June 18, 2025
Shareholder Proposal: Adopt Policy for an Independent Chairman
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST. Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST because we believe that having an independent chairman is not a one-size-fits-all principle. We believe that the Board should have flexibility in determining a leadership structure that is conducive to the company’s goal of maximizing shareholder value.
International Business Machines Corp. (IBM)
Annual Meeting
April 29, 2025
Shareholder Proposal: Report on Hiring/Recruitment Discrimination
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST because we believe that IBM already maintains transparent, legally compliant, and non-discriminatory hiring practices. As such, producing the requested report would be unnecessary, burdensome, and divert resources from more meaningful priorities.
Exxon Mobil Corporation
Annual Meeting
May 28, 2025
Management Proposal: Ratify the Appointment of Independent Auditor
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends FOR the ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as auditors, as we believe that neither the audit fees for the most recent fiscal year nor the disciplinary actions taken against the firm over the past decade raise concerns about the auditor’s integrity, professionalism, or independence.
Eli Lilly and Company
Annual Meeting
May 5, 2025
Management Proposal: Proposal to Amend the Company’s Articles of Incorporation to Eliminate Supermajority Voting Provisions
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends FOR the elimination of supermajority voting provisions in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, as they grant disproportionate power to a minority of shareholders. Adopting a simple majority standard would ensure equal and fair representation for all shareholders and enable a more meaningful voting process.
Core Scientific, Inc.
Special Meeting
October 30, 2025
Management Proposal: Approval of the Agreement and Plan of Merger
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends AGAINST the merger of Core Scientific with CoreWeave. We believe that while the proposed merger may offer operational synergies, the terms of the transaction materially undervalue Core Scientific relative to its intrinsic potential and the stock price. Additionally, given the all-stock nature of the transaction and the volatile share price of CoreWeave, the transaction is highly risky for Core Scientific shareholders. Given the company’s strong fundamentals, long-term contracts, and clear growth trajectory as a standalone entity, we believe shareholders are better served by rejecting the current offer.
ProPhase Labs, Inc.
Annual Meeting
November 24, 2025
Management Proposal: Authorization for Amendment to Authorize Additional Shares
Egan-Jones’ Wealth-Focused policy recommends FOR the issuance of additional shares of common stock because we generally support proposals to issue more shares when the new proposed stock is less than 50% of total authorized shares of common stock, or when the increase is tied to a specific transaction or financing proposal or when the share pool was used up due to equity plans. The Company seeks to increase its authorized common stock to ensure sufficient unissued shares to satisfy obligations under its $3 million 20% OID senior secured promissory note and related July 2025 warrants. We believe this purpose is reasonable and therefore fair and advisable to shareholders.
III. Detailed vote recommendations
View recommendations per category and region.
Proposals by management | Accounting
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Accept an accounting irregularity | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company for the recent fiscal year, and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the law. | ||||
| Accept the financial statements/statutory report | World | North America | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company for the recent fiscal year, and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the law. | |||
| Approve a special transactions financial report | China, Western Europe, Latin America | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, approving the special transactions financial report ensures transparency and gives shareholders a clear overview of significant transactions, supporting informed decision-making. | ||||
| Receive the annual report and accounts | World | North America | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company for the recent fiscal year, and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the law. |
Proposals by management | Auditor
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Approve the discharge of the auditors | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because after reviewing the auditor acts for the fiscal year that has ended, we find it advisable to grant discharge from liability to the auditors. | ||||
| Ratify auditor AND director remuneration | World | United States | We generally recommend FOR the auditor when the non-audit fees do not make up a substantial proportion of all fees the auditor is charging the company and when the total audit fees are reasonable given the company’s size. The purpose is to maintain some independence for the auditor. | |||
| Ratify auditor appointment and remuneration | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR the auditor when the non-audit fees do not make up a substantial proportion of all fees the auditor is charging the company and when the total audit fees are reasonable given the company’s size. The purpose is to maintain some independence for the auditor. | ||||
| Ratify the appointment of a non-statutory auditor | World | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, ratifying the appointment of a non-statutory auditor strengthens oversight and reinforces the integrity of reporting. | ||||
| Ratify the appointment of a special transactions auditor | China, Western Europe, Latin America | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, ratifying the appointment of a special transactions auditor ensures independent review of |
| significant transactions and strengthens disclosure and transparency. | ||||||
| Ratify the appointment of an auditor | World | We generally recommend FOR the auditor when the non-audit fees do not make up a substantial proportion of all fees the auditor is charging the company and when the total audit fees are reasonable given the company’s size. The purpose is to maintain some independence for the auditor. | ||||
| Ratify the appointment of statutory AND sustainability auditors | Western Europe | We recommend AGAINST this Proposal, because according to our policy, ratifying the appointment of statutory and sustainability auditors may not directly align with the priorities of shareholders, as the proposal emphasizes ESG and non-financial reporting oversight rather than measures that drive immediate financial returns or shareholder value. | ||||
| Remove the auditor | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR the removal of the auditors whenever the Company may deem it necessary to ensure auditor independence and integrity. |
Proposals by management | Capitalization
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Allot securities | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the allotment of shares or securities will enable the Company to capitalize on future business opportunities. This flexibility provides the Company with the ability to act promptly and strategically to business decisions, ensuring it remains competitive and well-positioned for long-term success. | ||||
| Appropriate profits/surplus/retained earnings | World | North America | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, allocating corporate earnings through appropriate distribution of profits, surplus, or retained earnings supports shareholder interests and long-term value creation. | |||
| Approve a share repurchase plan | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, the proposed share repurchase plan would grant the Company greater flexibility in managing its capital structure. Furthermore, share repurchases are widely regarded as an effective strategy for enhancing shareholder value and financial position of companies. | ||||
| Approve a stock exchange listing | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the stock exchange listing would create investment opportunities for the Company and provide greater liquidity while diversifying the risks associated with it. | ||||
| Approve a stock terms revision | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve adjustment in the share repurchase price | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, allocating corporate earnings through appropriate distribution of profits, surplus, or retained earnings supports shareholder interests and long-term value creation. | ||||
| Approve capital utilization/cash management | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, the proposed capital or cash utilization enables the company to support its strategic initiatives and efficiently finance its operations. | ||||
| Approve credit and/or debt financing | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, approving credit or debt financing provides the company with the necessary capital to support strategic initiatives, maintain liquidity, and ensure financial flexibility. | ||||
| Approve dividends | World | North America | We generally recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, the proposed dividend distribution is financially prudent, maintains sufficient liquidity, and supports consistent shareholder returns. | |||
| Change share par value | World | We generally recommend FOR when the new par value is less than or equal to old par value. | ||||
| Conduct a stock split | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed reverse stock split would make the Company’s common stock a more attractive and cost-effective investment for many investors, thereby enhancing the liquidity of current stockholders and potentially broadening the investor base. | ||||
| Distribute profit/dividend/etc according to a sharing plan | World | North America | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed distribution plan will not put the company´s liquidity at risk. | |||
| Exchange debt for equity | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, the proposed exchange of debt for equity would strengthen the Company’s financial position by reducing its liabilities, improving its balance sheet and enhancing its creditworthiness. | ||||
| Increase authorized shares | World | Brazil | We generally recommend FOR except when one of the following conditions is met: 1) The new proposed stock is >50% of total authorized shares of common stock; 2) The increase is NOT tied to a specific transaction or financing proposal; and 3) The Share pool was NOT used up due to equity plans. | |||
| Increase authorized shares | Brazil | We generally recommend FOR except when one of the following conditions is met: 1) The increase is NOT tied to a specific transaction or financing proposal; and 2) The Share pool was NOT used up due to equity plans. | ||||
| Issue bonds | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of this proposal will give the Company greater flexibility in considering and planning for future corporate needs, including, but not limited to, stock dividends, grants under equity compensation plans, stock splits, financings, potential strategic transactions, including mergers, acquisitions, and business combinations, as well as other general corporate transactions. | ||||
| Issue shares | World | We generally recommend FOR when there is a purpose for the share issuance and when the shareholder rights on the issued shares will not be superior to outstanding shares. | ||||
| Issue shares below NAV | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, issuing shares below net asset value (NAV) would provide the Fund with flexibility in raising capital, reducing debt, preventing insolvency, and funding strategic acquisitions or growth opportunities. While it typically leads to dilution, a discounted issuance can be used in ways that may ultimately enhance shareholder value, improve financial stability, and position the company for long-term success. | ||||
| Issue shares upon exercise of warrants | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed issuance of shares will provide the Company with a source of capital to fund its corporate endeavors and activities. | ||||
| Re-price options | World | We generally recommend FOR re-pricing options when external and uncontrollable market factors caused the stock price to decrease. | ||||
| Repurchase and/or cancel shares | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We recommend FOR this Proposal because, according to our policy, share repurchase/cancellation can enhance shareholder value and provide the company with flexibility in managing its capital effectively. |
| Repurchase bonds | World |
We recommend FOR this Proposal because, according to our policy, repurchase of bonds allows the company to manage its debt efficiently, reduce interest expenses, and optimize its capital structure, ultimately supporting financial flexibility and long-term shareholder value. | ||||
| Create a new class of shares | World |
We generally recommend FOR these proposals when the new class of shares to be created will not have blank-check authority and will not have superior voting rights to the existing class of shares. | ||||
| Reclassify/convert shares | World |
We generally recommend FOR if the conversion would provide equal rights to shareholders. |
Proposals by management | Climate/Resources
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Approve the sustainability auditor | Western Europe |
We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, the appointment of a separate sustainability auditor is unwarranted, given that the Company already integrates sustainability into its existing audit process. The Company’s current approach effectively addresses sustainability concerns without the need for additional oversight. Furthermore, approval of this proposal would impose unnecessary costs and administrative burdens, diverting resources from other critical business priorities. | ||||
| Approve the sustainability report | Western Europe, Australia | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because, according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses by duplicating efforts that are already underway. |
Proposals by management | Compensation
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Advise on executive compensation (say-on-pay) | World | We generally recommend FOR when the total compensation is reasonable considering the company’s performance as measured by change in adjusted stock price. | ||||
| Approve a stock compensation plan (non-SPAC) | United States | We generally recommend FOR when the plan results in dilution of 10% or less and when the average burn rate over the last three years is 3% or less (or the company has been public for five years or less). | ||||
| Approve a stock compensation plan (non-SPAC) | World | United States | We generally recommend FOR when the plan results in dilution of 10% or less. | |||
| Approve a stock compensation plan (SPAC) | World | We recommend a vote AGAINST this proposal because according to our policy, this proposal would dilute shareholder value in this special purpose acquisition company and is therefore not in the shareholders’ best interests. Because the company is a SPAC, management is already highly incentivized through founder shares and warrants, and an incentive stock option plan would be unnecessary and potentially excessive. | ||||
| Approve an employee stock purchase plan | World | We generally recommend FOR when the plan is qualified under Section 423(c) or has dilution of 10% or less and when there is no evergreen provision. | ||||
| Approve an employment/management/severance/partnership agreement | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve bonuses | Western Europe, Australia, Israel | We generally recommend FOR when the total compensation is reasonable considering the company’s performance as measured by change in adjusted stock price. | ||||
| Approve executive/director/related party transactions | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the related party transaction is advisable, substantively and procedurally fair to, and in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Approve future executive remuneration | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia, Middle East & North Africa | We generally recommend FOR when the proposed compensation includes performance-based metrics. | ||||
| Approve other compensation | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve the executive compensation policy | Middle East & North Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR when the total compensation is reasonable considering the company’s performance as measured by change in adjusted stock price. | ||||
| Approve the non-executive directors’ compensation | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, the proposed non-executive directors’ compensation is commensurate with their contributions and supports the company in remaining competitive in attracting and retaining skilled board members. | ||||
| Decide the frequency of the executive compensation vote | World | We generally recommend an annual frequency for the say-on-pay vote. | ||||
| Reduce the legal reserve | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Developed Asia-Pacific | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed reduction of legal reserves is commensurate with the Company’s current financial position and would strengthen its cashflow. |
Proposals by management | Directors
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Allow for the removal of directors only with cause | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal because according to our policy, directors should be removed with or without cause. This level of flexibility allows the Company to make necessary changes to its leadership when deemed appropriate. Allowing for the removal of directors with or without cause ensures that the Board can effectively address issues such as performance concerns and maintain the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. |
| Allow for the removal of directors without cause | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, allowing shareholders to remove a director without cause enhances accountability and strengthens shareholder rights. This provision empowers shareholders to take action if they believe a director is not acting in the best interests of the company, ensuring greater transparency and governance. | ||||
| Approve director indemnification | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of director indemnification would enable the Company to provide a greater scope of protection to directors in cases of litigations. Further, such a provision would also help the Company to attract, retain and motivate its directors whose efforts are essential to the Company’s success. | ||||
| Approve director liability insurance | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of director liability insurance would enable the Company to provide a greater scope of protection to directors in cases of litigations. Further, such a provision would also help the Company to attract, retain and motivate its directors whose efforts are essential to the Company’s success. | ||||
| Approve election and remuneration for the executive director(s) | Developed Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR when the director(s) passes our election of director test and the executive compensation passes our test. If any director or the executive compensation does not pass our tests, we will recommend against the proposal. | ||||
| Approve election and remuneration for the non-executive director(s) | Developed Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR when the change in adjusted stock price over the director’s tenure is not poor (given that the director tenure is at least three years) and when the candidate attended at least 75% of all board and committee meetings. | ||||
| Approve financial statements and discharge directors | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company for the recent fiscal year, and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the law. | ||||
| Approve the directors’ report | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because approval of the directors’ report is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Approve the discharge of the board and president | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, we find no breach of fiduciary duty that compromised the Company and shareholders’ interests for the fiscal year that has ended. | ||||
| Approve the discharge of the management board | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, we find no breach of fiduciary duty that compromised the Company and shareholders’ interests for the fiscal year that has ended. | ||||
| Approve the discharge of the supervisory board | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, we find no breach of fiduciary duty that compromised the Company and shareholders’ interests for the fiscal year that has ended. | ||||
| Approve the previous board’s actions | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, we find no breach of fiduciary duty that compromised the Company and shareholders’ interests for the fiscal year that has ended. | ||||
| Approve the spill resolution | Australia | We generally recommend FOR this resolution when the company has failed our executive compensation test. | ||||
| Authorize exculpation of officers (DGCL) | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, implementation of the exculpation provision pursuant to Delaware Law will enable the Company to attract, retain and motivate its officers whose efforts are essential to the Company’s success. Additionally, Delaware’s exculpation law strikes a balanced approach, offering protection to directors while ensuring accountability for significant breaches of their fiduciary duties. | ||||
| Authorize the board to execute legal formalities | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia, Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific | We generally recommend FOR because approval of the proposal is necessary in order to carry out the legal formalities related to the meeting. | ||||
| Authorize the board to fill vacancies | World | We generally recommend FOR if the appointees will face a shareholder vote at the next annual meeting. | ||||
| Change the size of the board of directors | World | We generally recommend FOR if the board size is between 5 and 15. | ||||
| Classify the board | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, staggered terms for directors increase the difficulty for shareholders to make fundamental changes to the composition and behavior of a board. We prefer that the entire board of a company be elected annually to provide appropriate responsiveness to shareholders. | ||||
| Declassify the board | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, staggered terms for directors increase the difficulty for shareholders to make fundamental changes to the composition and behavior of a board. We prefer that the entire board of a company be elected annually to provide appropriate responsiveness to shareholders. | ||||
| Delegate authority to a committee | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because the delegation of authority to the committee is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Elect a company clerk/secretary | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the nominee appears qualified. | ||||
| Elect a director to board | World | We generally recommend FOR when the change in adjusted stock price over the director’s tenure is not poor (given that the director tenure is at least three years) and when the candidate attended at least 75% of all board and committee meetings. | ||||
| Elect a director to committee | World | We generally recommend FOR when the change in adjusted stock price over the director’s tenure is not poor (given that the director tenure is at least three years) and when the candidate attended at least 75% of all board and committee meetings. | ||||
| Elect directors and appoint the auditor | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR when the director(s) passes our election of director test and the auditor passes our auditor ratification test. If any director or the auditor does not pass our tests, we will recommend against the proposal. | ||||
| Elect directors and fix the number of directors | Canada, Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR when the change in adjusted stock price over the director’s tenure is not poor (given that the director tenure is at least three years) and when the candidate attended at least 75% of all board and committee meetings. | ||||
| Elect multiple directors to the board | World | United States, United Kingdom | We generally recommend FOR when each director passes our election of director test. If any director does not pass this test, we will recommend against the proposal. | |||
| Eliminate the retirement age requirement | World | We generally recommend FOR this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, the Company and its shareholders are in the best position to determine the approach to corporate governance, particularly board composition. Imposing inflexible rules, such as age limits for outside directors, does not necessarily correlate with returns or benefits for shareholders. Similar to arbitrary term limits, age limits could force valuable directors off the board solely based on their age, potentially undermining the effectiveness of the board. | ||||
| Fix the number of directors | Canada, Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR if the board size is between 5 and 15. |
| Receive the directors’ report | World | North America | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Company for the recent fiscal year, and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year that has ended. |
Proposals by management | Legal and compliance
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt an exclusive forum for disputes | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, having an exclusive forum will allow the Company to address disputes and litigations in an exclusive jurisdiction, with familiarity of the law, and reduce the administrative cost and burden related to settlement. |
Proposals by management | M&A / Structure
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt an anti-greenmail provision | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the adoption of an anti-greenmail provision will prevent the likelihood of potential hostile takeover which could be detrimental to the shareholders’ interests. | ||||
| Advise on merger related compensation | World | We generally recommend FOR when 1) the total severance package doesn’t exceed 3X the previous year’s CAP for the highest paid NEO. | ||||
| Approve a joint venture agreement | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve a liquidation plan | World | We generally recommend FOR if the following conditions are met: the transaction is the best strategic alternative for the company and the appraisal value is fair. | ||||
| Approve an anti-takeover measure(s) | Australia | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve an extension amendment proposal (for SPACs) | World | We generally recommend FOR when the trust deposit payment is not less than the previous trust deposit payment. | ||||
| Approve an M&A agreement (sale or purchase) | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve an M&A-related share issuance | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve an opt-out plan | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve the restructuring plan | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Change the domicile / jurisdiction of incorporation | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, changing the Company’s legal domicile is necessary to align the legal structure of the Company in a manner that is more consistent with their business objectives. | ||||
| Proceed with bankruptcy | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the bankruptcy plan is the best available alternative in order for the Company to provide a reasonable value for its shareholders. | ||||
| Remove an antitakeover provision(s) | World | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because, according to our policy, the removal of the antitakeover provision can increase shareholder value by enhancing market responsiveness and facilitating potential takeovers that may lead to premium buyouts. | ||||
| Ratify a poison pill | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, approval of the proposal will acknowledge both the advantages and inherent risks of implementing a shareholder rights plan, or poison pill. While these plans can deter hostile takeovers, they also carry the risk of management entrenchment in some cases. Ensuring that shareholders are given a voice on the advisability of such a plan is crucial to safeguarding the Company from these risks, promoting transparency, and maintaining a balance between protecting shareholder interests and preventing potential misuse of the plan. |
Proposals by management | Meeting and Proxy Statement
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt notice and access provisions | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the notice and access provision would provide shareholders with sufficient disclosure and ample time to make informed decisions regarding the election of directors at shareholder meetings. This provision ensures that shareholders have the opportunity to review relevant information regarding the nominees, the Company’s performance, and other important matters, therefore enabling the shareholders to participate meaningfully in the governance process. | ||||
| Approve administrative and/or procedural items | World | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, approving administrative and procedural items related to the convening of shareholder meetings ensures proper organization, compliance with governance requirements, and smooth conduct of proceedings. | ||||
| Change the location/date/time of a shareholder meeting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed change will increase the likelihood of increased attendance rate in meetings, not to mention the benefits of flexibility and improved accessibility to shareholders. | ||||
| Indicate if you are a controlling shareholder or have a personal interest in the proposal | Canada, Israel, Latin America | This test will indicate NO if the shareholder is not a controlling shareholder and does not have a personal interest in the approval of this proposal. |
Proposals by management | Mutual Fund
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt an investment policy | World | We generally recommend FOR if the investment strategy is cogent. | ||||
| Approve the company as investment trust | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve the fundamental investment objective | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, a fundamental investment objective for funds will ensure that any revision or matter related to the fund’s activities will be brought up for shareholder approval, thereby protecting their interests as shareowners. By involving shareholders in key decisions, the Company reinforces transparency, accountability, and the protection of shareholder value. | ||||
| Approve the investment advisory agreement | World | We generally recommend FOR if the following conditions are met: the investment fees are reasonable (3% or less) and the investment strategy is cogent. | ||||
| Approve the non-fundamental investment objective | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, a fundamental investment objective for funds will ensure that any revision or matter related to the |
| fund’s activities will be brought up for shareholder approval, thereby protecting their interests as shareowners. | ||||||
| Approve the reorganization | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve the sub-investment advisory agreement | World | We generally recommend FOR sub-investment advisory agreements when the sub-advisory fees are paid by the primary adviser and the investment strategy is cogent. | ||||
| Change the fund’s fundamental restriction to non-fundamental | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal would increase the Fund’s exposure to significant losses arising from investment in high-risk assets. Moreover, contrary to a fundamental investment restriction, non-fundamental investment restrictions are often focused on short-term investing which is subject to market volatility and fluctuations. | ||||
| Convert the closed-end fund to an open-end fund | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the conversion to an open-end fund would provide for portfolio diversification hence reducing the Company’s risk exposure, and at the same time providing greater liquidity to its shareholders. | ||||
| Issue/approve a 12b-1 plan (the distribution of funds through intermediaries) | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the 12b-1 plan would enable the Fund to facilitate its distribution and sale through various intermediaries, which would be beneficial in improving its asset position. |
Proposals by management | Other
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Amend other articles/bylaws/charter | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Appoint a rating agency | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia, Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Developed Asia-Pacific, Latin America | We generally recommend FOR because the appointment of the proposed rating agency is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Approve appointment of a (non-director) executive | Middle East & North Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, approving the appointment of the executive ensures the company has the necessary management in place to support operational continuity. | ||||
| Approve company related-party transactions | Emerging & Frontier Asia-Pacific, Developed Asia-Pacific, Western Europe | We recommend FOR the proposed transaction as we believe it will allow the company to execute on its operational and strategic objectives. | ||||
| Approve other company policies | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Approve political & charitable contributions | United Kingdom | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, it is necessary to allow the Company to fund charitable and political activities, which is in the best interests of shareholders. Such contributions can enhance the Company’s reputation, strengthen stakeholder relationships, and support its broader social and corporate responsibility goals, ultimately benefiting long-term shareholder value. | ||||
| Approve the appointment of a (director) executive | World | We generally recommend FOR when the change in adjusted stock price over the director’s tenure is not poor (given that the director tenure is at least three years) and when the candidate attended at least 75% of all board and committee meetings. | ||||
| Approve the company name change | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the proposed name change supports strategic changes that enhance the Company’s business objectives. Furthermore, the proposed name change will more effectively reflect the Company’s mission and vision, thereby strengthening its marketing and branding efforts and improving its overall market positioning. | ||||
| Approve the continuance of company | Canada | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of this proposal is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Approve the convening of the corporate assembly | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because approval of the convening of the corporate assembly or shareholders’ meeting is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Approve the staking consideration | World | We recommend FOR the Proposal, because according to our policy, approving staking consideration in blockchain networks enhances yield by supporting network security and transaction validation. This complies with regulatory standards, reflecting responsible digital asset management and industry best practices. | ||||
| Approve the staking fee | World | We recommend FOR approval of the staking fee, because according to our policy, the fee helps cover the Company’s operational costs associated with staking activities. The fee aligns with industry standards and ensures transparency and fairness to clients in digital asset staking services. | ||||
| Attend to other business | World | We generally recommend FOR when the company is domiciled in the US or Canada. | ||||
| Ratify decisions made in the prior fiscal year | Western Europe, Eastern Europe & Central Asia | We generally recommend FOR when the act is related to routine matters such as the distribution of dividends, release from liability, or decisions made in the fiscal year that has ended. | ||||
| Reimburse proxy contest expenses | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. |
Proposals by management | Shareholder Rights
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt an advanced notice requirement | Canada | We generally recommend FOR when the policy stipulates that nominations must be submitted no later than 30-65 days before the annual meeting and that nominations must be submitted no earlier than 30-65 days prior to the annual meeting. | ||||
| Adopt an advanced notice requirement | United States, Australia | We generally recommend FOR when the policy stipulates that nominations must be submitted no later than 60-90 days prior to the annual meeting and that nominations must be submitted no earlier than 120-150 days prior to the annual meeting. | ||||
| Adopt, renew, or amend a shareholder rights plan | World | We generally recommend FOR if the proposed plan expands rights for shareholders. | ||||
| Adopt/increase proxy access | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, increasing proxy access would allow shareholders to submit proposals at shareholder meetings and nominate directors to the Board, empowering them to have a more direct influence on the Company’s governance. By enabling greater shareholder participation, proxy access enhances transparency and accountability, ensuring that the Board is more responsive to shareholder concerns. | ||||
| Allow virtual-only shareholder meetings | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, virtual meetings will increase the likelihood of an improved attendance rate in meetings, not to mention the |
| benefits of flexibility, reducing costs and improved accessibility. | ||||||
| Approve preemptive rights | Western Europe | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, pre-emptive rights allow shareholders to maintain their proportional ownership in the Company in the event of new share issuance, protecting their interests and ensuring they are not diluted by future equity offerings. | ||||
| Eliminate preemptive rights | United Kingdom | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the elimination of pre-emptive rights would provide the Company with greater flexibility to finance business opportunities and conduct a rights issue without being restricted by the stringent requirements of statutory pre-emption provisions. | ||||
| Establish the right to call a special meeting | World | We generally recommend FOR if the proposal will strengthen shareholder rights (i.e. lower the threshold required to call a special meeting). | ||||
| Expand the right to act by written consent | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the right to act on written consent allows an increased participation of shareholders in the voting process, thereby democratizing voting and giving shareholders the right to act independently from the management. | ||||
| Redeem a shareholder rights plan | World | We generally recommend FOR when the additional shares for the beneficiaries of the poison pill are more attractive than takeover by a hostile party. | ||||
| Restrict the right to act by written consent | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the right to act on written consent allows an increased participation of shareholders in the voting process, thereby democratizing voting and giving the shareholders the right to act independently from the management. | ||||
| Restrict the right to call a special meeting | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal because according to our policy, the ability of shareholders to call special meetings is widely regarded as an important aspect of good corporate governance. We believe the Company’s current threshold appropriately balances the rights of shareholders to call a special meeting with the broader interests of the Company and its shareholders. |
Proposals by management | Voting
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt confidential voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the proposal will preserve the confidentiality and integrity of vote outcomes. | ||||
| Adopt unequal voting rights | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, in order to provide equal voting rights to all shareholders, companies should not utilize dual class capital structures. | ||||
| Amend the quorum/voting requirement | World | We generally recommend FOR when the proposed quorum is at least 33% of shares entitled to vote. | ||||
| Approve cumulative voting | World | China | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy cumulative voting could make it possible for an individual shareholder or group of shareholders with special interests to elect one or more directors to the Company’s Board of directors to represent their particular interests. Such a shareholder or group of shareholders could have goals that are inconsistent, and could conflict with, the interests and goals of the majority of the Company’s shareholders. | |||
| Approve cumulative voting | China | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, cumulative voting allows a significant group of shareholders to elect a director of its choice - safeguarding minority shareholder interests and bringing independent perspectives to Board decisions. | ||||
| Approve plurality voting | World | We generally recommend for plurality voting when plurality voting will only be used in contested situations. In uncontested situations, we do not prefer for plurality voting to be used. | ||||
| Approve/increase supermajority voting | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, a simple majority vote will strengthen the Company’s corporate governance practice. Contrary to supermajority voting, a simple majority standard will give the shareholders equal and fair representation in the Company by limiting the power of shareholders who own a large stake in the entity, therefore, paving the way for a more meaningful voting outcome. | ||||
| Eliminate cumulative voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy cumulative voting could make it possible for an individual shareholder or group of shareholders with special interests to elect one or more directors to the Company’s Board of directors to represent their particular interests. Such a shareholder or group of shareholders could have goals that are inconsistent, and could conflict with, the interests and goals of the majority of the Company’s shareholders. | ||||
| Eliminate or reduce supermajority voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, a simple majority vote will strengthen the Company’s corporate governance practice. Contrary to supermajority voting, a simple majority standard will give the shareholders equal and fair representation in the Company by limiting the power of shareholders who own a large stake in the entity and paving the way for a more meaningful voting outcome. | ||||
| Eliminate unequal voting rights | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, companies should ensure that all shareholders are provided with equal voting rights, promoting fairness, accountability, and alignment between economic ownership and control. By adopting a one-share, one-vote structure, the Company can better uphold shareholder democracy and support long-term value creation for all investors. |
Proposals by shareholders | Auditors
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Appoint an auditor | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, the appointment of auditors is a responsibility entrusted to the board of directors, specifically the Audit Committee. In our view, the procedures governing the selection of auditors adhere to standard corporate governance and accounting practices. Unless there are significant concerns that could jeopardize the integrity and independence of the auditors, we believe that approving this proposal is neither necessary nor justified at this time. |
| Limit auditor non-audit services | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, auditors should not provide non-audit services. This practice ensures the independence and integrity of the audit process, maintaining objectivity and minimizing any potential conflicts of interest that could undermine the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting. | ||||
| Rotate the auditor | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, we believe that it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to maintain flexibility to choose and rotate auditors. |
Proposals by shareholders | Board Report
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Report on board member information | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the information being requested in the shareholder proposal is unnecessary and will not result in any additional benefit to the shareholders. | ||||
| Report on board oversight | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, although board oversight is essential, channels already exist for effective board oversight. | ||||
| Report on proxy voting review | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because the Company is already required to outline their proxy voting process. As such, and in accordance with our policy, we do not believe that the requested proxy voting report would provide no incremental or meaningful information to the Company’s shareholders. |
Proposals by shareholders | Capitalization
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Issue dividends | World | We recommend a vote AGAINST this proposal because according to our policy, the Company’s dividend payout plan should be governed by the board of directors after taking into account relevant factors such as the Company’s liquidity and financial position. | ||||
| Issue shares | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST this proposal because according to our policy, the approval could cause potential excessive dilution in the interests of the shareholders and could potentially overvalue the Company’s stock price with such an excessive issuance that is disproportionate to its needs. | ||||
| Require shareholder approval to authorize the issuance of bonds/debentures | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Require shareholder approval to reclassify shares or conversion rights | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, companies should ensure that all shareholders are provided with equal voting rights, promoting fairness, accountability, and alignment between economic ownership and control. By adopting a one-share, one-vote structure, the Company can better uphold shareholder democracy and support long-term value creation for all investors. | ||||
| Create a new class of shares | World | We generally recommend FOR these proposals when the new class of shares to be created will not have blank-check authority and will not have superior voting rights to the existing class of shares. | ||||
| Reclassify/convert shares | World | We generally recommend FOR if the conversion would provide equal rights to shareholders. |
Proposals by shareholders | Climate/Resources
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt a climate action plan / emissions reduction / resource restriction | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal, because, according to our policy, its approval would not provide additional benefits or value to shareholders, given the Company’s existing robust policy and strategy on climate change. | ||||
| Adopt a GMO policy | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal would impose unnecessary burdens on the Company’s operations. | ||||
| Adopt animal welfare standards | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the matters raised in the proposal have already been addressed by the Company. Moreover, the proposal advocates for impractical and imprudent actions that could negatively impact the business and its results. | ||||
| Approve an annual advisory vote on climate change | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, adopting this proposal is unnecessary and unwarranted in light of the Company’s existing approach to climate change and sustainability. The Company already implements effective strategies in these areas, making the proposal redundant. Furthermore, approval would result in significant administrative costs and financial burdens, diverting resources from other critical initiatives. | ||||
| Reduce fossil fuel financing | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the Company is already committed to meeting its climate action goals related to sustainable financing. As businesses move to achieving their net zero goals, we believe that the Company’s current policies in financing will bridge the transition to a low carbon economy. | ||||
| Report on animal welfare | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on costs and risks associated with a climate (or similar) plan | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses by duplicating efforts that are already underway and providing additional reports with information that is already available to shareholders. | ||||
| Report on GMO | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, preparing a report regarding GMOs would provide no incremental and meaningful information to the Company’s shareholders. Moreover, given the Company’s current compliance with SEC reporting requirements and other government regulators of GMOs, we |
| believe that approval of this proposal will accrue unnecessary costs and administrative burden to the Company. | ||||||
| Report on the company’s climate plan / emissions / resource use | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. |
Proposals by shareholders | Compensation
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Amend the clawback provision | World | We generally recommend FOR when the proposal is only asking to expand the clawback provision to include fraud and misconduct. | ||||
| Approve a retirement plan | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Cap executive gross pay | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because according to our policy, implementing a cap on executive compensation gross pay, could negatively impact the hiring and retention of the Company’s key executives and employees. Such a restriction would limit the Company’s ability to fully capitalize on the skills, expertise, and experience that individual leaders bring to the organization. | ||||
| Change the use of ESG metrics in compensation | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this Proposal, because according to our policy, altering the use of ESG metrics in compensation could weaken the alignment of pay with shareholder interests and established best practices, which emphasize transparent, measurable, and material goals. | ||||
| Deduct stock buybacks from pay | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, adoption of the proposal will not enhance the Company’s compensation decision-making process. | ||||
| Discontinue executive perquisites | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, the absolute elimination of perquisites granted to executives could place the Company at a competitive disadvantage when it comes to hiring, retaining, and attracting top-tier leaders. | ||||
| Discontinue stock option and bonus programs | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal would impose arbitrary limits on the compensation committee and put the Company at a competitive disadvantage compared to peers. | ||||
| Discontinue the professional services allowance | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, it is the benefit of the Company to retain flexibility with respect to executive compensation, rather than commit to arbitrary principles which could place the Company at a competitive disadvantage in recruiting and retaining top talent. | ||||
| Implement an advisory vote on executive compensation | World | We recommend FOR this Proposal, because according to our policy, an advisory vote on executive compensation helps ensure that pay practices remain fair, transparent, and aligned with shareholder interests. | ||||
| Implement double triggered vesting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, vesting of equity awards over a period of time is intended to promote long-term improvements in performance. The link between pay and long-term performance can be severed if awards pay out on an accelerated schedule. More importantly, a double trigger vesting provision would provide protection to the Company’s employees in the event of transition or change of control. | ||||
| Include legal/compliance costs in adjustments | World | We recommend AGAINST this Proposal, because according to our policy, including legal and compliance costs in performance adjustments could weaken accountability by shielding management from the consequences of compliance or regulatory failures. Allowing such expenses to be adjusted out of performance metrics may distort true company performance and undermine the link between executive pay and effective risk oversight. | ||||
| Include performance metrics in compensation | World | We generally recommend FOR this resolution when the company has failed our executive compensation test. | ||||
| Prohibit equity vesting for government service | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal, as, according to our policy, its implementation could hinder the Company’s ability to attract key employees. Additionally, it could inadvertently penalize individuals who may wish to enter or return to governmental service. | ||||
| Remove tax gross-ups | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, it is the benefit of the Company to retain flexibility with respect to executive compensation, rather than commit to arbitrary principles which could place the Company at a competitive disadvantage in recruiting and retaining top talent. We believe that it is ultimately in the shareholders’ best interests that discretionary responsibilities for this ongoing process continue to be vested in the Board. | ||||
| Report on executive compensation | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Require a shareholder vote to ratify executive or director severance pay | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, excessive executive compensation packages has been an ongoing cause of concern among shareholders and investors. While the Company argues that its severance and termination payments are reasonable, we believe that it is in the best interests of the stockholders if they ratify executive compensation in such form. We believe that approval of this proposal will enable the stockholders to voice their views and opinions regarding the Company’s executive severance payments and will ensure decisions are in their best interests. | ||||
| Require that executives retain shares | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the Company’s current stock ownership requirement strikes an appropriate balance of encouraging focus on the long-term performance of the Company and the strong alignment with shareholder interests, while enabling the Company to attract and retain the best people in the industry. | ||||
| Use a deferral period for compensation | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the existing compensation practice already reflects alignment with the long-term performance and |
| goals of the Company. | ||||||
| Use GAAP metrics for compensation | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, approval would impose rigid targets that could hinder the Company’s ability to adapt to adjustments and fluctuations beyond its control. Additionally, using GAAP metrics in compensation could misalign the Company’s short-term financial goals with its long-term success, and increase the complexity of measuring and rewarding performance. We believe that approval of the proposal could undermine the Compensation Committee’s flexibility in determining the most appropriate metrics for the Company’s financial circumstances. |
Proposals by shareholders | Directors
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Allow for the removal of directors without cause | World | We generally recommend FOR the proposal because according to our policy, allowing to remove directors without cause provides flexibility to the Company to make necessary changes to its leadership when deemed appropriate. Allowing for the removal of directors without cause ensures that the Board can effectively address issues such as performance concerns and maintain the best interests of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Amend the indemnification/liability provisions for directors | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the indemnification and liability provisions will enable the Company to attract, retain, and motivate its directors, whose efforts are crucial to its long-term success. By providing directors with appropriate protection against personal liability, the Company ensures that directors can make decisions in the best interests of the Company without undue concern about personal financial risks. | ||||
| Change the size of the board of directors | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, we believe that a board should ideally consist of between five and fifteen members. This size strikes an appropriate balance between meeting the Company’s needs and ensuring effective oversight. | ||||
| Classify the board | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, staggered terms for directors increase the difficulty for shareholders to make fundamental changes to the composition and behavior of a board. We prefer that the entire board of a company be elected annually to provide appropriate responsiveness to shareholders. | ||||
| Create a CEO succession plan | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, a CEO succession plan would safeguard a smooth transition and alignment into a new leadership whenever the need arises, thereby ensuring continuity and shareholder confidence in the Company. | ||||
| Create a key committee | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the board of directors should establish key Board committees—namely Audit, Compensation, and Nominating committees—composed solely of independent outside directors. This structure ensures sound corporate governance practices, enhances objectivity, and strengthens the oversight of critical areas within the Company. | ||||
| Create a non-key committee | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, implementing the proposal would not justify the administrative costs and efforts, nor would it provide a corresponding meaningful benefit to the Company’s shareholders. Moreover, we believe that the scope of committee responsibilities as requested in the proposal are already fulfilled by the board of directors. | ||||
| Declassify the board | World | We generally recommend FOR when the company performance (as measured by TSR) is the bottom 20th percentile of the universe. | ||||
| Decrease the required director experience / expertise / diversity | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, a diversified board would encourage good governance and enhance shareholder value. Bringing together a diverse range of skills and experience is necessary in building a constructive and challenging board. | ||||
| Designate an independent chairman | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, we believe that the current Board leadership structure has been effective in the Company’s sustained long-term performance. Thus, we believe that the Board should have the flexibility in determining the Board’s leadership structure rather than committing to a one-size-fits-all policy. | ||||
| Elect a director to board | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, allowing a shareholder to elect a director to a board is not in the best interests of the Company. Instead, the board should continue to nominate directors for shareholder approval, as they possess the expertise and resources to find the most qualified candidates. | ||||
| Eliminate term limits | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, elimination of term limits will help the Company to attract, retain and motivate directors who can contribute valuable insights and long-term strategic guidance. This will also ensure continuity and strengthen the Company’s governance by retaining knowledgeable and capable leadership of experienced directors. | ||||
| Eliminate the retirement age requirement | World | We generally recommend FOR this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, the Company and its shareholders are in the best position to determine the approach to corporate governance, particularly board composition. Imposing inflexible rules, such as age limits for outside directors, does not necessarily correlate with returns or benefits for shareholders. Similar to arbitrary term limits, age limits could force valuable directors off the board solely based on their age, potentially undermining the effectiveness of the board. | ||||
| Ensure compensation advisor independence | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, this proposal is unnecessary as existing SEC regulations already require sufficient disclosures regarding the Company’s comprehensive recoupment policies and practices. | ||||
| Establish a stakeholder position to board | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the current selection process, composition and skillset of the board of directors already captures stakeholder representation in the board room. As such, approval of the proposal would be redundant and duplicative. | ||||
| Introduce a retirement age requirement | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, the Company and its shareholders are in the best position to determine the approach to corporate governance, particularly board composition. Imposing inflexible rules, such as age limits for outside directors, does not necessarily |
| correlate with returns or benefits for shareholders. Similar to arbitrary term limits, age limits could force valuable directors off the board solely based on their age, potentially undermining the effectiveness of the board. | ||||||
| Introduce term limits | World | We generally recommend against this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, it would not serve a useful purpose. Having experienced directors on the board is crucial for the Company’s long-term success and the enhancement of shareholder value. | ||||
| Require director experience / expertise / diversity or other limits on the board | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, it is in the best interests of the shareholders for the board and nominating committee to manage the composition and qualifications of the board members. | ||||
| Require stock ownership for directors | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, imposing a mandatory requirement on stock ownership for directors could potentially put the Company in a competitive disadvantage in retaining the best directors. Such a requirement might limit the Company’s ability to fully capitalize on an individual’s skills, expertise, and contributions. | ||||
| Separate the chairman and CEO positions | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, we believe that the Board should have the flexibility in determining the Board’s leadership structure rather than committing to a one-size-fits-all policy. |
Proposals by shareholders | Health, Safety, and Operations
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt a paid sick leave policy | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, approving this proposal would lead to unnecessary costs and expenses. Additionally, this policy is not universally applicable, as it would only affect the Company’s non-unionized employees. In contrast, unionized employees are typically governed by collective bargaining agreements that address such matters. | ||||
| Modify business operations with a high-risk country, entity, region, etc. | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the company’s existing operational protocols in conflict-affected and high-risk areas already address the concerns raised in the proposal. In our view, reducing or ceasing operations in these areas could negatively impact the company’s profitability and long-term sustainability. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of alcohol products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal is unnecessary as the Company already complies with the applicable federal laws and regulations and given the Company’s nature of business, we believe that approval of the proposal would significantly impact its operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of drug products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal is unnecessary as the Company already complies with the applicable federal laws and regulations and given the Company’s nature of business, we believe that approval of the proposal would significantly impact its operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of gambling products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal is unnecessary as the Company already complies with the applicable federal laws and regulations and given the Company’s nature of business, we believe that approval of the proposal would significantly impact its operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of other products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal is unnecessary as the Company is already required to comply with applicable federal laws and regulations and given the Company’s nature of business, we believe that approval of the proposal would significantly impact its operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of pornography products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal would significantly impact the Company’s business operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of tobacco/vape products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal is unnecessary as the Company already complies with the applicable federal laws and regulations and given the Company’s nature of business, we believe that approval of the proposal would significantly impact its operations. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of unhealthy foods/beverages | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the Company is already addressing the issues related to the consumption of its products through its sustainability and current marketing initiatives. | ||||
| Reduce sales/marketing of weapon products/services | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the Company has in place extensive procedures to ensure that weapon sales are made in strict compliance with all applicable United States laws and regulations. | ||||
| Report on artificial intelligence | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, the proposed report on artificial intelligence would be an unnecessary addition to the Company’s existing efforts in AI reporting. Also, approval of the proposal would pose significant administrative costs and financial burden to the Company. | ||||
| Report on content management | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses. Additionally, it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on cybersecurity | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on data privacy | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on high-risk country operations | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of |
| this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||||
| Report on intellectual property transfers | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on maternal health outcomes | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on plant closure community impacts | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on product information / production | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses by duplicating efforts that are already underway and providing additional reports with information that is already available to shareholders. | ||||
| Report on product pricing/distribution | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses by duplicating efforts that are already underway and providing additional reports with information that is already available to shareholders. | ||||
| Report on public health risks | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on suppliers / partners / customers / sales | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses. Additionally, it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on worker health and safety | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because, according to our policy and given the current laws and regulations that the company is already required to comply with, we do not believe the requested report would provide meaningful additional value beyond existing policies, processes, practices, and resources. |
Proposals by shareholders | Human Resources and Rights
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Address fair lending | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal because, according to our policy, it would not meaningfully improve the Company’s existing robust policies and risk oversight structure, nor enhance any current disclosures that provide shareholders with meaningful information on how the Company addresses and oversees risks related to discrimination. Additionally, we are concerned that such an evaluation could, in today’s highly litigious environment, inadvertently provide a roadmap for lawsuits against the Company, potentially leading to significant legal costs for shareholders in the long term. | ||||
| Address income inequality | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the Company’s existing compensation processes are guided by the fundamental principle that decisions are made on the basis of the individual’s personal capabilities, qualifications and contributions to the Company’s needs and not on gender. Moreover, given the Company’s current efforts to equal employment opportunity, we believe that approval of this proposal will accrue unnecessary costs and administrative burden to the Company. | ||||
| Address labor disputes | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, the Company has already addressed the labor concerns raised in the proposal. As such, approval of the requested report is unnecessary and would result in significant administrative costs, diverting Company resources from more relevant and meaningful priorities. | ||||
| Address sexual harassment complaints | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, adoption of the proposal is unnecessarily duplicative of the Company’s efforts to deter incidents of sexual harassment through its own policies and practices. | ||||
| Adopt an anti-discrimination policy | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, this could put the Company in an uncompetitive position in terms of hiring prospective talents due to the rigid requirements of the proposal. | ||||
| Adopt diversity-based hiring | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, this could put the Company in an uncompetitive position in terms of hiring prospective talents due to the rigid requirements of the proposal. | ||||
| Adopt merit-based hiring | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, this could put the Company in an uncompetitive position in terms of hiring prospective talents due to the rigid requirements of the proposal. | ||||
| Become a public benefit corporation | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the proposal is not necessary and is not in the best long-term interest of the Company and its shareholders. |
| Provide a human rights impact assessment | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because, while human rights impact assessments (HRIAs) are valuable for identifying and mitigating risks, mandating rigid reporting can undermine their effectiveness. Such reporting requirements may encourage superficial compliance without meaningful human rights improvements. | ||||
| Provide a report promoting DEI practices | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy and considering the requirements that the Company already abides by with regards to equal employment opportunity, we believe its approval would impose unnecessary costs and administrative burdens on the Company. | ||||
| Report on abortion policy | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, providing a report on a highly sensitive topic could cause divisiveness among the Company, its employees, customers and shareholders. The complexity of views drawn from reporting the policies on abortion or something similar could pose significant reputational and legal risks for the Company which could subsequently affect its operations and performance. | ||||
| Report on collective bargaining/union relations | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in line with our policy and given the Company’s compliance with applicable laws regarding freedom of association, we believe its approval would not provide additional benefits to employees or create further value for shareholders. | ||||
| Report on fetal tissue use | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, providing a report on a highly sensitive topic could cause divisiveness among the Company, its employees, customers and shareholders. The complexity of views drawn from reporting the policies on fetal tissue use or something similar could pose significant reputational and legal risks for the Company which could subsequently affect its operations and performance. | ||||
| Report on human trafficking | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the Company’s current policies which effectively articulate their long-standing support for, and continued commitment to, human rights, the proposal would be duplicative and unnecessary. | ||||
| Report on in vitro fertilization | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, providing a report on a highly sensitive topic could cause divisiveness among the Company, its employees, customers and shareholders. The complexity of views drawn from reporting the policies on abortion or something similar could pose significant reputational and legal risks for the Company which could subsequently affect its operations and performance. | ||||
| Report on prison/slave/child labor | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on sexual harassment complaints | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on the costs/risks of DEI practices | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, conducting a cost/benefit report or a stand-alone DEI audit by the Company or a group acting on its behalf could potentially uncover violations of regulations or laws, which could pose both legal and reputational risks. Additionally, we are concerned that such report could, in our highly litigious society, serve as a roadmap for lawsuits against the Company, potentially leading to significant costs for shareholders in the long term. | ||||
| Report on worker misclassification | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, approval of the proposal would not create additional benefits to the employees or value for the shareholders. | ||||
| Request the company cease or re-evaluate DEI activities | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this Proposal because, according to our policy, requests to cease or re-evaluate DEI activities risk undermining the significant benefits that diversity, equity, and inclusion bring to the company. Scaling back these efforts could also negatively affect talent attraction, retention, and overall company performance. | ||||
| Rescind the racial equity audit | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because, according to our policy, the proposed rescinding of the racial audit undermines efforts to assess the impacts of the Company’s diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) practices. Racial audits are essential in identifying and addressing disparities, and reversing this initiative would limit shareholders’ ability to evaluate the materiality and effectiveness of the Company’s DEI efforts. |
Proposals by shareholders | Legal and Compliance
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt exclusive forum bylaws | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, having an exclusive forum will allow the Company to address disputes and litigations in an exclusive jurisdiction, with familiarity of the law, and reduce the administrative cost and burden related to settlement. | ||||
| Relinquish intellectual property | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy the proposal would not meaningfully improve the Company’s disclosure and reporting policies in place but is rather duplicative of its current efforts in addressing issues with product access and pricing. | ||||
| Report on concealment clauses | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses |
| as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||||
| Report on employee arbitration claims | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, it presents a one-size-fits-all approach that could adversely impact the Company’s ability to effectively use arbitration. | ||||
| Report on patent process | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy the proposal would not meaningfully improve the Company’s disclosure and reporting policies in place and we do not believe the report would result in any additional benefit to shareholders. | ||||
| Report on whistleblowers | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. |
Proposals by shareholders | M&A / Structure
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Make a self-tender offer | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the proposal is not necessary and is not in the best long-term interest of the Company and its shareholders. | ||||
| Remove an antitakeover provision(s) | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, removal of the Company’s antitakeover provisions may leave the Company vulnerable to a hostile takeover. Additionally, the current antitakeover provisions provide more time for management to consider offers and negotiate better terms. | ||||
| Request an M&A / restructure | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Ratify a poison pill | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, approval of the proposal will acknowledge both the advantages and inherent risks of implementing a shareholder rights plan, or poison pill. While these plans can deter hostile takeovers, they also carry the risk of management entrenchment in some cases. Ensuring that shareholders are given a voice on the advisability of such a plan is crucial to safeguarding the Company from these risks, promoting transparency, and maintaining a balance between protecting shareholder interests and preventing potential misuse of the plan. |
Proposals by shareholders | Mutual Fund
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Convert the closed-end fund to an open-end fund | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST this proposal because, according to our policy, a closed-end fund structure tends to provide higher returns to shareholders, as the value of shares is influenced by market dynamics, which can result in trading at a premium or discount to NAV. Additionally, closed-end funds often generate higher income by utilizing leverage, making them particularly attractive to income-focused investors. |
Proposals by shareholders | Other
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt MacBride Principles, Sullivan Principles, or similar | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because adoption of this proposal would be duplicative and would make the Company unnecessarily accountable to different sets of overlapping fair employment guidelines that are already covered in its policies. | ||||
| Approve other company policies | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Disassociate from industry associations | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, companies benefit from industry associations, especially when it comes to influential policies that can directly affect businesses. As such, disassociation from such groups could potentially pose potential reputational and systemic risks that could be detrimental to the Company’s business in the long-run. | ||||
| Prepare an independent third-party audit | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, conducting a stand-alone audit by the Company or a group acting on its behalf could potentially reveal violations of regulations and laws, which could be legally and reputationally problematic. Additionally, we are concerned that such an audit could, in our highly litigious society, provide a roadmap for lawsuits against the Company, which could result in significant costs for shareholders over the long term. | ||||
| Report on another matter | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. | ||||
| Report on key-person risk | World | We generally recommend AGAINST the proposal, because according to our policy, its approval would put the Company at a competitive disadvantage. The disclosure requested would make sensitive information publicly available, potentially undermining the execution of the Company’s business strategy and hindering the recruitment and retention of top management talent. | ||||
| Reimburse proxy contest expenses | World | This proposal is considered on a case-by-case basis by the guidelines committee. |
Proposals by shareholders | Politics
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Report on charitable contributions | World | We generally recommend AGAINST this proposal because, in accordance with our policy, the Company already carefully evaluates and reviews its charitable activities, and makes information about its corporate giving publicly available. We do not |
| believe that implementing the proposal would justify the administrative costs and efforts, nor would it provide a meaningful benefit to the Company’s shareholders. | ||||||
| Report on government financial support | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on lobbying expenditures | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on partnerships with political (or globalist) organizations | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on political contributions | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the current applicable laws and regulations that the Company must comply with, we do not believe that the requested report would add meaningful value to the policies, processes, practices, and resources that are already in place. Additionally, approval of this proposal would result in the Company incurring unnecessary costs and expenses as it is in the best interests of shareholders for the board to manage the Company’s disclosures and risks. | ||||
| Report on public policy advocacy | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy and given the Company’s policies and oversight mechanisms related to its political contributions and activities, we believe that the shareholder proposal is unnecessary and will not result in any additional benefit to the shareholders. Rather, the proposal promotes impractical and imprudent actions that would negatively affect the business and results. | ||||
| Revoke a public policy endorsement | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, political endorsement and spending is an integral part of a business, as Companies should have a voice on policies affecting them. As such, approval of this proposal will strictly limit the Company’s flexibility in supporting the advocacies that are congruent with its business. | ||||
| Support a public policy endorsement | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, although the Company must comply with federal, state, and local campaign finance and lobbying regulations that are currently in place, we believe that political endorsements, often in the form of contributions, increase the possibility of misalignment with corporate values which in turn could lead to reputational risks. |
Proposals by shareholders | Shareholder Rights
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt a fair elections/advance notice bylaw | Canada | We generally recommend FOR when the policy stipulates that nominations must be submitted no later than 30-65 days before the annual meeting and that nominations must be submitted no earlier than 30-65 days prior to the annual meeting. | ||||
| Adopt a fair elections/advance notice bylaw | United States | We generally recommend FOR when the policy stipulates that nominations must be submitted no later than 60-90 days prior to the annual meeting and that nominations must be submitted no earlier than 120-150 days prior to the annual meeting. | ||||
| Adopt/increase proxy access | World | We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, , the adoption of a “proxy access” bylaw is not a universal solution to allegations of unresponsiveness to shareholder concerns. We believe that voting decisions should be based on the governance practices and performance of individual companies. We believe that implementing this bylaw could undermine the integrity of the director election process. | ||||
| Allow virtual-only shareholder meetings | World | We recommend AGAINST this Proposal, because according to our policy, virtual meetings should complement, not replace, in-person shareholder meetings, as relying solely on them may undermine transparency and shareholder participation. | ||||
| Establish the right to call a special meeting | World | We generally recommend FOR if the proposal will strengthen shareholder rights (i.e. lower the threshold required to call a special meeting). | ||||
| Introduce the right to act by written consent | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, the right to act on written consent allows an increased participation of shareholders in the voting process, thereby democratizing voting and giving shareholders the right to act independently from the management. | ||||
| Oppose the right to act by written consent | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, the right to act on written consent allows an increased participation of shareholders in the voting process, thereby democratizing voting and giving the shareholders the right to act independently from the management. | ||||
| Require shareholder approval for bylaw amendments | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the proposal will ensure that shareholders have a voice in revising or adopting the bylaws which could compromise their interests. |
Proposals by shareholders | Voting
| Proposal | Region(s) to Include |
Region(s) to Exclude |
Vote Recommendation | |||
| Adopt a majority vote for director election | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because according to our policy, a majority vote requirement in boardroom elections enhance director accountability to |
| shareholders. This standard ensures that shareholder dissatisfaction with director performance has tangible consequences, transforming the election process from a mere formality into one that truly reflects shareholders’ voices. | ||||||
| Adopt confidential voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, approval of the proposal will preserve the confidentiality and integrity of vote outcomes. | ||||
| Approve cumulative voting | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy cumulative voting could make it possible for an individual shareholder or group of shareholders with special interests to elect one or more directors to the Company’s Board of directors to represent their particular interests. Such a shareholder or group of shareholders could have goals that are inconsistent, and could conflict with, the interests and goals of the majority of the Company’s shareholders. | ||||
| Approve/increase supermajority voting | World | We generally recommend AGAINST because according to our policy, a simple majority vote will strengthen the Company’s corporate governance practice. Contrary to supermajority voting, a simple majority standard will give the shareholders equal and fair representation in the Company by limiting the power of shareholders who own a large stake in the entity, therefore, paving the way for a more meaningful voting outcome. | ||||
| Eliminate cumulative voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy cumulative voting could make it possible for an individual shareholder or group of shareholders with special interests to elect one or more directors to the Company’s Board of directors to represent their particular interests. Such a shareholder or group of shareholders could have goals that are inconsistent, and could conflict with, the interests and goals of the majority of the Company’s shareholders. | ||||
| Eliminate or reduce supermajority voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, a simple majority vote will strengthen the Company’s corporate governance practice. Contrary to supermajority voting, a simple majority standard will give the shareholders equal and fair representation in the Company by limiting the power of shareholders who own a large stake in the entity and paving the way for a more meaningful voting outcome. | ||||
| Promote equal voting rights | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, a differential in voting power may have the effect of denying shareholders the opportunity to vote on matters of critical economic importance to them. In order to provide equal voting right to all shareholders, we prefer that companies do not utilize multiple class capital structures. | ||||
| Restrict nomination of directors | World | We generally recommend a vote FOR because, according to our policy, a simple majority requirement in director elections, combined with a mandatory resignation policy and prohibition on the renomination of directors, ensures that the election results accurately reflect shareholder sentiment. Specifically, this approach addresses situations where a director receives less than a majority of votes, aligning the election outcome with shareholder expectations and maintaining effective governance. | ||||
| Tabulate proxy voting | World | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, adoption of proxy tabulation simplifies the voting process without compromising transparency or shareholder participation. This streamlined approach ensures that shareholder votes are accurately counted and reported, making it easier for investors to engage in the decision-making process. At the same time, it preserves the integrity and transparency of the voting process, ensuring that all shareholders have an equal opportunity to influence key decisions while promoting efficient governance practices. |
IV. Policy Revisions
| Previous Recommendation | Updated Recommendation | |||||
| Revision Date |
12/23/2025 |
We generally recommend a vote AGAINST because according to our policy, the adoption of a “proxy access” bylaw is not a universal solution to allegations of unresponsiveness to shareholder concerns. We believe that voting decisions should be based on the governance practices and performance of individual companies. We believe that implementing this bylaw could undermine the integrity of the director election process. | We generally recommend FOR because according to our policy, increasing proxy access would allow shareholders to submit proposals at shareholder meetings and nominate directors to the Board, empowering them to have a more direct influence on the Company’s governance. By enabling greater shareholder participation, proxy access enhances transparency and accountability, ensuring that the Board is more responsive to shareholder concerns. | |||
| Proposer |
Management | |||||
| Proposal |
Adopt/increase proxy access | |||||
| Region(s) to Include |
World | |||||
| Region(s) to Exclude |
V. Legal Disclaimer
DISCLAIMER © 2025 Egan-Jones Proxy Services, a division of Egan-Jones Ratings Company and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. This document is intended to provide a general overview of Egan-Jones Proxy Services’ proxy voting methodologies. It is not intended to be exhaustive and does not address all potential voting issues or concerns. Egan-Jones Proxy Services’ proxy voting methodologies, as they apply to certain issues or types of proposals, are explained in more detail in reference files on Egan-Jones Proxy Services’ website – http://www.ejproxy.com. The summaries contained herein should not be relied on and a user or client, or prospective user or client, should review the complete methodologies and discuss their application with a representative of Egan-Jones Proxy Services. These methodologies have not been set or approved by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body in the United States or elsewhere. No representations or warranties, express or implied, are made regarding the accuracy or completeness of any information included herein. In addition, Egan-Jones Proxy Services shall not be liable for any losses or damages arising from, or in
connection with, the information contained herein, or the use of, reliance on, or inability to use any such information. Egan-Jones Proxy Services expects its clients and users to possess sufficient experience and knowledge to make their own decisions entirely independent of any information contained in this document or the methodology reference files contained on http://www.ejproxy.com.
Part C. Other Information
Item 28. Exhibits
Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant
Not applicable.
Item 30. Indemnification
Reference is made to the provisions of Article IX of Registrant’s Amended Trust Instrument filed by EDGAR on April 30, 2025 as Exhibit 99.28(a) to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 of the Registrant, incorporated herein by reference, which provides information about indemnification.
The Registrant’s Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and Midas Management Corporation (the “Investment Manager”) provides that the Investment Manager shall not be liable to the Registrant’s series or any shareholder of its series for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Registrant’s series or the series’ shareholders in connection with the matters to which the Investment Management Agreement relates, but nothing in the Investment Management Agreement shall be construed to protect the Investment Manager against any liability to the Registrant’s series or any shareholder of its series by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Investment Management Agreement.
Section 10 of the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Midas Securities Group, Inc. (“Midas Securities”) provides that the Registrant will indemnify Midas Securities and its officers, directors and controlling persons against all liabilities arising from any alleged untrue statement of material fact in the Registration Statement or from any alleged omission to state in the Registration Statement a material fact required to be stated in it or necessary to make the statements in it, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as liability arises from untrue statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished by Midas Securities to the Registrant for use in the Registration Statement; and provided that this indemnity agreement shall not protect any such persons against liabilities arising by reason of their willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence; and shall not inure to the benefit of any such persons unless a court of competent jurisdiction or controlling precedent determines that such result is not against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”). Section 10 of the Distribution Agreement also provides that Midas Securities agrees to indemnify, defend and hold the Registrant, its officers and trustees free and harmless of any claims arising out of any alleged untrue statement or any alleged omission of material fact contained in information furnished by Midas Securities for use in the Registration Statement or arising out of any agreement between Midas Securities and any retail dealer, or arising out of supplementary literature or advertising used by Midas Securities in connection with the Distribution Agreement.
The Registrant undertakes to carry out all indemnification provisions of its Amended Trust Instrument, the above-described Investment Management Agreement, and Distribution Agreement in accordance with Investment Company Act Release No. 11330 (September 4, 1980) and successor releases.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the 1933 Act, as amended, may be provided to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31. Business and other Connections of Investment Adviser
The Investment Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Winmill & Co. Incorporated (“Winco”). Winco is also the parent of Midas Securities, the Funds’ distributor and a registered broker/dealer. The principal business of the Investment Manager since its founding has been to serve as an investment manager to registered investment companies. Certain directors and officers of Winco and its subsidiaries are also trustees, directors, and officers of the investment companies managed by the Investment Manager. The Investment Manager serves as investment manager of each of the Registrant’s series and Foxby Corp.
Bexil Corporation, an affiliate of Winco, is the parent of Bexil Advisers LLC (“Bexil Advisers”), a registered investment adviser. The principal business of Bexil Advisers since its founding has been to serve as investment manager to registered investment companies. Certain directors and officers of Winco and its subsidiaries are also directors, managers, trustees and officers of Bexil Corporation, Bexil Advisers, and the investment company managed by Bexil Advisers. Bexil Advisers serves as investment manager to Bexil Investment Trust.
In addition, Thomas B. Winmill, Esq. is (i) Trustee, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman, and Chief Legal Officer of the Registrant; (ii) Director or Manager, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, and/or Chief Legal Officer of the Investment Manager, Midas Securities (the Fund’s distributor and a registered broker-dealer) and their affiliates, P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608; (iii) President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer, and/or a director of Bexil Corporation and its affiliates, P.O. Box 4, Walpole, NH 03608; and (iv) a director of Global Self Storage, Inc., 3814 Route 44, Millbrook, NY 12545.
Item 32. Principal Underwriters
| a) | Midas Securities does not serve as principal underwriter to any investment company other than the Registrant. |
| b) | Midas Securities serves as the Registrant’s principal underwriter. The directors and officers of Midas Securities, their principal business addresses, their positions and offices with Midas Securities, and their positions and offices with the Registrant (if any) are set forth below. |
| Name and Principal Business Address |
Position and Offices with Midas Securities |
Position and Offices with Registrant | ||
| Thomas B. Winmill P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Director, Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Legal Officer | Trustee, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman, and Chief Legal Officer | ||
| Mark C. Winmill P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Vice President | Vice President | ||
| Thomas O’Malley P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Director, Vice President, Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer, and Chief Financial Officer | Vice President, Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer, Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Russell Kamerman, Esq. P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary, and General Counsel | Chief Compliance Officer, Secretary, and General Counsel |
| Donald Klimoski II, Esq. P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Assistant Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Secretary, and Assistant General Counsel | Assistant Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Secretary, and Assistant General Counsel | ||
| Heidi Keating P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Vice President | Vice President | ||
| Louis Soulios P.O. Box 4 Walpole, NH 03608 |
Vice President, Finance | Vice President, Finance |
| c) | The Registrant has no principal underwriter who is not an affiliated person of the Registrant or an affiliated person of such affiliated person. |
Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records
The minute books of the Registrant and copies of its filings with the Commission are located at 17 Old Drewsville Road, Walpole, NH 03608 and in cloud-based file storage. All other records required by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are located at Argent Institutional Trust Company, 5901 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Suite C495, Atlanta, GA 30328 (the offices of the Registrant’s custodian), and Ultimus Asset Services, LLC, 225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450, Cincinnati, OH 45246 (the offices of the Registrant’s Transfer, Dividend Disbursing, and Investment Accounting Services Agent).
Item 34. Management Services
Not applicable.
Item 35. Undertakings
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Walpole, and the State of New Hampshire on the 30th day of April, 2026.
MIDAS SERIES TRUST
/s/ Thomas B. Winmill
By: Thomas B. Winmill
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| /s/ Thomas B. Winmill |
Trustee, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman, and Chief Legal Officer | April 30, 2026 | ||
|
|
||||
| Thomas B. Winmill | ||||
| /s/ Thomas O’Malley |
Vice President, Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer, and Chief Financial Officer | April 30, 2026 | ||
|
|
||||
| Thomas O’Malley | ||||
| /s/ Peter K. Werner* |
Trustee | April 30, 2026 | ||
|
|
||||
| 7Peter K. Werner | ||||
| /s/ Jon Tomasson* |
Trustee | April 30, 2026 | ||
|
|
||||
| Jon Tomasson | ||||
| /s/ Roger A. Atkinson* |
Trustee | April 30, 2026 | ||
|
|
||||
| Roger A. Atkinson | ||||
*Signed by Russell Kamerman, Attorney-in-Fact, pursuant to Powers of Attorney filed in Registrant’s corresponding exhibit to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the registration statement of the Registrant, SEC file number 2-98229, filed on April 29, 2024.
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | ||
| 28(g)(ii) |
Consent to Assignment to Successor Custodian | |
| 28(h)(xx) |
Amendment No. 9 to Revolving Credit Agreement | |
| 28(h)(xxi) |
Amendment No. 10 to Revolving Credit Agreement | |
| 28(h)(xxii) |
Amendment No. 11 to Revolving Credit Agreement | |
| 28(i)(ii) |
Legal Consent | |
| 28(j) |
Accountant’s Consent |
ATTACHMENTS / EXHIBITS
CONSENT TO ASSIGNMENT TO SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN
AMENDMENT NO. 9 TO REVOLVING CREDIT AGREEMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 10 TO REVOLVING CREDIT AGREEMENT
AMENDMENT NO. 11 TO REVOLVING CREDIT AGREEMENT
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