Form 485APOS VANGUARD WORLD FUND

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May 2, 2018 4:14 PM EDT

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 2-17620) UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Post-Effective Amendment No. 150

and

REGISTRATION STATEMENT (NO. 811-01027) UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY

ACT OF 1940

Amendment No. 150

VANGUARD WORLD FUND

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)

P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482

(Address of Principal Executive Office)

Registrant’s Telephone Number (610) 669-1000

Anne E. Robinson, Esquire

P.O. Box 876

Valley Forge, PA 19482

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

[ ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

[ ] on December 21, 2017, pursuant to paragraph (b)

[ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

[X] on July 21, 2018 pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

[ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

[ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485

If appropriate, check the following box:

[ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a

previously filed post-effective amendment.

Vanguard Communication Services ETF

Prospectus

XX, 2018

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are

listed on NYSE Arca

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund* ETF Shares (VOX)

*Formerly known as Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal period ended February 28, 2018.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


Contents


Vanguard ETF Summary	2	More on the Fund and ETF Shares	12
Investing in Vanguard ETF Shares	8	The Fund and Vanguard	20
Investing in Index Funds	10	Investment Advisor	21
		Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	22
		Share Price and Market Price	24
		Additional Information	25
		Financial Highlights	26
		Glossary of Investment Terms	29

Vanguard Communication Services ETF

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of communication services stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold ETF Shares of the Fund.


Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment)


Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None through Vanguard
	(Broker fees vary)
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None through Vanguard
	(Broker fees vary)
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None through Vanguard
	(Broker fees vary)


Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees	x.xx%
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	x.xx%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	x.xx%

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:


1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$xx	$xx	$xx	$xx

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was xx% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the MSCI US Investable Market Index (IMI)/Communication Services 25/50, an index made up of stocks of large, mid-size, and small U.S. companies within the communication services sector, as classified under the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). The GICS communication services sector is made up of companies that provide communications services primarily through fixed-line, cellular, wireless, high-bandwidth, and/or fiber-optic cable networks and companies that facilitate communication and offer related content and information through various media.

The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by seeking to invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, in order to hold each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s target index tracks a subset of the U.S. stock market, which could cause the Fund to perform differently from the overall stock market.

• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Because the Fund seeks to invest all, or substantially all, of its assets in the communication services sector, the Fund’s performance largely depends—for better or for worse—on the general condition of that sector. Companies in the communication services sector could be affected by,

among other things, overall economic conditions, competition, and government regulation. Sector risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

• Nondiversification risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks or even a single stock. The Fund is considered nondiversified, which means that it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a small number of issuers as compared with diversified mutual funds. Because the Fund tends to invest a relatively high percentage of its assets in its ten largest holdings, fluctuations in the market value of a single Fund holding could cause significant changes to the Fund’s share price. Nondiversification risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from the types of stocks in which the Fund invests will trail returns from the overall stock market. Small-, mid-, and large-cap stocks each tend to go through cycles of doing better—or worse—than other segments of the stock market or the stock market in general. These periods have, in the past, lasted for as long as several years. Historically, small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than large-cap stocks. Small and mid-size companies tend to have greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund‘s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund‘s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Effective xx, 2018, the Fund began tracking the MSCI US Investable Market Index (IMI)/Communication Services 25/50 as its target index. The Fund’s board of trustees approved this change in response to MSCI’s decision to restructure the communication services sector (previously named the telecommunication services sector) under GICS. The Spliced MSCI US Investable Market Index (IMI)/Communication Services 25/50 reflects the performance of the MSCI US IMI/Telecommunication Services through February 26, 2010; the MSCI US IMI/Telecommunication Services 25/50 through May 3, 2018; and the MSCI US Investable Market (IM) Transition Index/Communication Services 25/50 thereafter. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund ETF Shares¹

1 The year-to-date return as of the most recent calendar quarter, which ended on xx, 2018, was xx%.

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a calendar quarter was x.x% (quarter ended xx, 20xx), and the lowest return for a quarter was xx% (quarter ended xx, 20xx).


Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2017
	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	x.x%	x.x%	x.x%
Return After Taxes on Distributions	x.x	x.x	x.x
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	x.x	x.x	x.x
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	x.x	x.x	x.x
Comparative Indexes
(reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
MSCI US IMI/Communication Services 25/50	—	—	—
Spliced US IMI/Communication Services 25/50	—	—	—
MSCI US IMI/Telecommunication Services 25/50	x.x	x.x	—
Spliced US IMI/Telecommunication Services 25/50	x.x	x.x	x.x
MSCI US IMI/Telecommunication Services	x.x	x.x	x.x

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Awais Khan, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2015.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You can buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more or less than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units) worth several million dollars, typically in exchange for baskets of securities. For this Fund, the number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit is 25,000.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

Investing in Vanguard ETF^®Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard mutual funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers one conventional (not exchange-traded) class of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to Vanguard Communication Services ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units) worth several million dollars, usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on NYSE Arca. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the price a dealer will pay for a security and the somewhat higher price at which the dealer will sell the same security. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV

when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

Investing in Index Funds

What Is Indexing?

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or “index.” An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index, the weighting of each security in the index, and the appropriate time to make changes to the composition of the index. One cannot invest directly in an index.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform exactly like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• Variety of investments. Index funds generally invest in the securities of a variety of companies and industries.

• Relative performance consistency. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• Low cost. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

What are the Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds?

The Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds (the Sector Index Funds) are a group of ten index funds that seek to track the performance of the following distinct components—or “sectors”—of the U.S. economy:


Consumer Discretionary	Industrials
Consumer Staples	Information Technology
Energy	Materials
Financials	Communication Services
Health Care	Utilities

For their benchmarks, the Sector Index Funds use ten sector indexes licensed to Vanguard by MSCI. Each of these indexes measures the performance of a separate

group of industries, as classified under the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). Together, the Sector Index Funds’ target indexes make up the MSCI US IMI/ 2500, a broad market index covering companies and industries across the entire U.S. economy.

This prospectus relates only to Vanguard Communication Services ETF. ETF Shares of the remaining Sector Index Funds are described in a separate prospectus dated December 21, 2017.

What does the “25/50” in the name of the index mean?

To qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code (Code), an investment company must, among other things, meet certain diversification standards under the Code. Those standards require an investment company to invest no more than 25% of its assets in any one security and at least 50% in securities that each represent no more than 5% of the fund’s assets. The 25/50 in the name of the index denotes that the index’s construction rules take into account the diversification standards for investment companies covered under the Code.

The 25/50 indexes were adopted by the Sector Index Funds on February 26, 2010. Prior to that date, some of the Sector Index Funds’ former indexes became so concentrated that funds replicating them would have failed the Code’s diversification standards. To ensure that this did not happen, some of the Sector Index Funds’ portfolios differed significantly from the composition of the target indexes, leading to considerable tracking error. By adopting the 25/50 indexes, the Sector Index Funds can better achieve their objectives of tracking their target indexes while continuing to provide exposure to the relevant market sectors.

Note that although the Sector Index Funds continue to comply with the diversification standards of the Code, each Sector Index Fund still invests a high percentage of assets in a small number of issuers and thus will not comply with the diversification standards of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Consequently, each Sector Index Fund is subject to nondiversification risk, which is the chance that the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by poor performance of relatively few stocks or even a single stock.

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main axioms of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. When considering an investment in a sector mutual fund, you should be aware that fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme than fluctuations in the overall securities markets. Look for this symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $100,000. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares.

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a fund

and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells securities. These

costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income or the capital

appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences in expenses can,

over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund‘s performance.

up its target index. This policy may be changed only upon 60 days‘ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund seeks to invest mainly in common stocks of companies within a designated market sector. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain risks.


	Large-Cap	Mid-Cap	Small-Cap
Target Index	> $25.15 billion	$3.84 – $25.15 billion	< $3.84 billion
Communication Services	x.xx	x.xx	x.xx

Security Selection

The following table shows the number of stocks in the Fund’s index as of XX, 2018, along with the percentage of the index represented by its top ten holdings as of the same date.


		Percentage of
	Number of Stocks	Index Holdings in
Vanguard Fund	in Target Index	Top 10 Stocks

Communication Services Index Fund	xx	x.xx%

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Plain Talk About Derivatives

Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as exchange-

traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or indexes—have been

trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These types of derivatives are

standardized contracts that can easily be bought and sold and whose market

values are determined and published daily. Non-exchange-traded derivatives—

such as certain swap agreements—on the other hand, tend to be more

specialized or complex and may be more difficult to accurately value.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a Vanguard CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a Vanguard CMT Fund.

Methods Used to Meet Redemption Requests

Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with other positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of its holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see

Redeeming Shares—Potentially disruptive redemptions in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including

advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see Redeeming Shares—Emergency circumstances in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility or through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility, in order to meet redemption requests.

Temporary Investment Measures

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will

be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

Turnover Rate

Plain Talk About Turnover Rate

Before investing in a mutual fund, you should review its turnover rate. This rate

gives an indication of how transaction costs, which are not included in the fund’s

expense ratio, could affect the fund’s future returns. In general, the greater the

volume of buying and selling by the fund, the greater the impact that brokerage

commissions and other transaction costs will have on its return. Also, funds with

high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-

term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to

shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Funds and Vanguard

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

The Vanguard Group is truly a mutual mutual fund company. It is owned jointly by

the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the shareholders in those funds.

Most other mutual funds are operated by management companies that may be

owned by one person, by a private group of individuals, or by public investors

who own the management company’s stock. The management fees charged by

these companies include a profit component over and above the companies’ cost

of providing services. By contrast, Vanguard provides services to its member

funds on an at-cost basis, with no profit component, which helps to keep the

funds’ expenses low.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index

Group. As of XX, 2018, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $x.x trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.02% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund, on an at-cost basis, at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent annual report to shareholders covering the fiscal year ended August 31.

The Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December. Capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition,the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from interest

and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of investments.

Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from any stock

holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and bond

investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells securities for

higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or

long-term, depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less

or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Funds‘ normal investment activities and cash flows.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you

complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan),

you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before the fund

makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in taxes. This is

known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15, you invest $5,000,

buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a distribution of $1 per share on

December 16, its share price will drop to $19 (not counting market change). You

still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares

x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you owe tax on the $250 distribution you

received—even if you reinvest it in more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check

a fund’s distribution schedule before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Foreign investors. Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Funds offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the Non-U.S. Investors page on our website at vanguard.com for information on Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Invalid addresses. If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Share Price

Share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated trade disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days, the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

priced at its fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

Financial Highlights

The following financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the periods shown, and certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). For the fiscal years ended August 31, 2013, through August 31, 2017, this information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by *, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report—along with the Fund’s financial statements—is included in the Fund’s most recent annual report to shareholders. The information for the period ended February 28, 2018, has not been audited, but is included in the Fund's semiannual report dated February 28, 2018. You may obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report by visiting vanguard.com or by contacting Vanguard by telephone or mail.

Plain Talk About How to Read the Financial Highlights Table

The Fund’s Admiral Shares began the fiscal period ended February 28, 2018, with

a net asset value (share price) of $x.xx. During the period, each Admiral Share xx.

Shareholders received $x.xx per share in the form of dividend distributions. A

portion of each period’s distributions may come from the prior period’s income or

capital gains.

The share price at the end of the period was $x.xx, reflecting xx of $x.xx per

share and distributions of $x.xx per share. This was an xx of $x.xx per share (from

$x.xx at the beginning of the period to $x.xx at the end of the period). For a

shareholder who reinvested the distributions in the purchase of more shares, the

total return was x.xx% for the period.

As of February 28, 2018, the Admiral Shares had approximately $xx million in net

assets. For the period, the expense ratio was 0.xx% ($x.xx per $1,000 of net

assets), and the net investment income amounted to x.xx% of average net

assets. The Fund sold and replaced securities valued at x% of its net assets.


Communication Services Index Fund Admiral Shares
	August
	31, 2017,
	through
	February
	28,				Year Ended August 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout
Each Period	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period		$48.50	$42.71	$45.07	$40.02	$36.09
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income		1.601¹	1.337	1.419	1.217	1.906²
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)
on Investments		(.829)	6.529	(2.637)	5.486	3.284
Total from Investment Operations		.772	7.866	(1.218)	6.703	5.190
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income		(1.602)	(2.076)	(1.142)	(1.653)	(1.260)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains		—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions		(1.602)	(2.076)	(1.142)	(1.653)	(1.260)
Net Asset Value, End of Period		$47.67	$48.50	$42.71	$45.07	$40.02
Total Return³		1.61%	19.14%	–2.66%	17.13%	14.80%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)		$50	$65	$24	$26	$21
Ratio of Total Expenses to
Average Net Assets		0.10%	0.10%	0.10%	0.12%	0.14%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to
Average Net Assets		3.26%	3.10%	3.20%	3.29%	4.56%²
Portfolio Turnover Rate⁴		18%	20%	18%	19%	19%
1 Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.359 and 0.89%,
respectively, resulting from a special dividend received in connection with a merger between T-Mobile US Inc. and MetroPCS
Communications Inc. in May 2013.
3 Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown.
4 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital
shares, including ETF Creation Units.

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held through a Vanguard brokerage account), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $100,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional, and Vanguard retail managed clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See

Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement), with a deposit slip (available online), or with a written request. You may also send a written request to Vanguard to make an exchange. For a list of Vanguard addresses, see Contacting Vanguard.

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan) or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check or by utilizing our mobile application if you are registered for online access. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for Funds in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See

Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the net

asset value (NAV) as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open for trading (a business day).

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer (not using an Automatic Investment Plan) into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

For purchases by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Investment Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account. Your bank account generally will be debited on the business day after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your bank account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your designated bank account falls on the last business day of the year, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you select the first of the month for automated withdrawals from your designated bank account, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars and must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

If you convert from Admiral Shares to ETF Shares, the transaction will be based on the respective NAVs of the separate share classes on the trade date of the conversion.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional shares (i.e., not exchange-traded shares) issued by a Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account.

This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services^®(Vanguard Brokerage) or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if you are registered for online access.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a written request to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan) or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a special form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and your fund account will also be assessed the $10 fee by

redeeming additional fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the fee amount. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day).

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Prime Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: Your trade date generally will be the date you selected for withdrawal of funds (redemption of shares) from your Vanguard account. Proceeds of redeemed shares generally will be credited to your designated bank account two business days after your trade date. If the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on a weekend, holiday, or other nonbusiness day, your trade date generally will be the previous business day. For retirement accounts, if the date you selected for withdrawal of funds from your Vanguard account falls on the last day of the year and if that date is a holiday, your trade date will be the first business day of the following year. Please note that if you designate the first of the month for automated withdrawals, trades designated for January 1 will receive the next business day’s trade date.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer not using an Automatic Withdrawal Plan: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by a Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 15-day restriction on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, and Vanguard Small Business Online^®.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Asset Management Services^™, Vanguard Personal Advisor Services^®, and Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services^®.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we

detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Tele-Account^®. To obtain fund and account information through Vanguard’s automated telephone service, you must first establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) by calling Tele-Account at 800-662-6273.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally include:

• An original signature and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction.

(Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Written instructions may be acceptable when a Vanguard form is not applicable. The requirements vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and

Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

Vanguard will not be responsible for any account losses because of fraud if we reasonably believe that the person transacting business on an account is authorized to do so. Please take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account information private, and immediately review any account statements or other information that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately about any transactions or changes to your account that you believe to be unauthorized.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request by regular or express mail. See Contacting Vanguard for addresses.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard charges a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee applies to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and will be assessed on

fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from a fund account only once per calendar year.

If you register on vanguard.com and elect to receive electronic delivery of statements, reports, and other materials for all of your fund accounts, the account service fee for balances below $10,000 will not be charged, so long as that election remains in effect.

The account service fee also does not apply to the following:

• Money market sweep accounts owned in connection with a Vanguard Brokerage Services^®account.*

• Accounts held through intermediaries.*

• Accounts held by institutional clients.

• Accounts held by Voyager, Voyager Select, Flagship, and Flagship Select clients.

Eligibility is based on total household assets held at Vanguard, with a minimum of $50,000 to qualify for Vanguard Voyager Services^®, $500,000 for Vanguard Voyager Select Services^®, $1 million for Vanguard Flagship Services^®, and $5 million for Vanguard Flagship Select Services^™. Vanguard determines eligibility by aggregating assets of all qualifying accounts held by the investor and immediate family members who reside at the same address. Aggregate assets include investments in Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard ETFs^®, certain annuities through Vanguard, the Vanguard 529 Plan, and certain small-business accounts. Assets in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which Vanguard provides recordkeeping services may be included in determining eligibility if the investor also has a personal account holding Vanguard mutual funds. Note that assets held in a Vanguard Brokerage Services account (other than Vanguard funds, including Vanguard ETFs) are not included when determining a household’s eligibility.

• Participant accounts in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans.** Please consult your enrollment materials for the rules that apply to your account.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

* Please note that intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services, may charge a separate fee.

** The following Vanguard fund accounts have alternative fee structures: SIMPLE

IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy

applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders; and (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. If you prefer, you may request to receive monthly portfolio summaries. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Annual and Semiannual Reports

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund twice a year, in April and October. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.


Contacting Vanguard


Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news
	For fund, account, and service information
	For most account transactions
	For literature requests
	24 hours a day, 7 days a week

Phone
Vanguard Tele-Account^®800-662-6273	For automated fund and account information
	Toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Investor Information 800-662-7447	For fund and service information
(Text telephone for people with hearing	For literature requests
impairment at 800-749-7273)
Client Services 800-662-2739	For account information
(Text telephone for people with hearing	For most account transactions
impairment at 800-749-7273)
Participant Services 800-523-1188	For information and services for participants in employer-
(Text telephone for people with hearing	sponsored plans
impairment at 800-749-7273)
Institutional Division	For information and services for large institutional investors
888-809-8102


Financial Advisor and Intermediary	For information and services for financial intermediaries
Sales Support 800-997-2798	including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions,
	and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary	For account information and trading support for financial
Trading Support 800-669-0498	intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers,
	trust institutions, and insurance companies

Vanguard Addresses

Please be sure to use the correct address. Use of an incorrect address could delay the processing of your transaction.


Regular Mail (Individuals)	The Vanguard Group
	P.O. Box 1110
	Valley Forge, PA 19482-1110
Regular Mail (Institutions, Intermediaries, and	The Vanguard Group
Employer-Sponsored Plan Participants)	P.O. Box 2900
	Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900
Registered, Express, or Overnight Mail	The Vanguard Group
	455 Devon Park Drive
	Wayne, PA 19087-1815


Additional Information

	Inception Newspaper	Vanguard	CUSIP
	Date Abbreviation	Fund Number	Number
Communication Services Index Fund
Admiral Shares	3/11/2005 XX	5488	92204A777

CFA^®is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Indexing. A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or “index.” Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4p.m., Eastern time. Net asset values (NAVs) are calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

P.O. Box 2600

Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600


Connect with Vanguard^®> vanguard.com



For More Information	If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:
If you would like more information about Vanguard	The Vanguard Group
Communication Services Index Fund, the following	Participant Services
documents are available free upon request:	P.O. Box 2900
	Valley Forge, PA 19482-2900
Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders	Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people
Additional information about the Fund’s investments is	with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273
available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports
to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a	If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would
discussion of the market conditions and investment	like information about your account, account
strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s	transactions, and/or account statements, please call:
performance during its last fiscal year.	Client Services Department
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)	Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people
The SAI provides more detailed information about	with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273
the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and	Information Provided by the Securities and
thus legally a part of) this prospectus.	Exchange Commission (SEC)
To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual	You can review and copy information about the Fund
report or the SAI, or to request additional information	(including the SAI) at the SEC’s Public Reference Room
about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit	in Washington, DC. To find out more about this public
vanguard.com or contact us as follows:	service, call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Reports and
	other information about the Fund are also available in
If you are an individual investor:	the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at
The Vanguard Group	www.sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this
Investor Information Department	information, for a fee, by electronic request at the
P.O. Box 2600	following email address: [email protected], or by
Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600	writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people	Exchange Commission, Washington, DC 20549-1520.
with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273
	Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-01027


	© 2018 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

	P XX XX2018

PART B
VANGUARD^®WORLD FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
December 21, 2017 (revised XX, 2018)

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus (dated XX, 2018, for Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund and dated December 21, 2017, for all others). To obtain, without charge, a prospectus or the most recent Annual or Semiannual Report to Shareholders, which contain Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund’s financial statements as hereby incorporated by reference, please contact The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard).

Phone: Investor Information Department at 800-662-7447
Online: vanguard.com


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description of the Trust	B-1
Fundamental Policies	B-4
Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies	B-5
Share Price	B-32
Purchase and Redemption of Shares	B-32
Management of the Funds	B-33
Investment Advisory and Other Services	B-54
Portfolio Transactions	B-75
Proxy Voting Guidelines	B-78
Information About the ETF Share Class	B-84
Financial Statements	B-93

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST

Vanguard World Fund (the Trust) currently offers the following funds and share classes (identified by ticker symbol):


		Share Classes¹
Fund²	Investor	Admiral Institutional		Institutional	ETF
				Plus
Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund	VWUSX	VWUAX	—	—	—
Vanguard International Growth Fund	VWIGX	VWILX	—	—	—
Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund	—	—	VEDTX	VEDIX	EDV
Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund	VFTSX	—	VFTNX	—	—
Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund	—	VCDAX	—	—	VCR
Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund	—	VCSAX	—	—	VDC
Vanguard Energy Index Fund	—	VENAX	—	—	VDE
Vanguard Financials Index Fund	—	VFAIX	—	—	VFH
Vanguard Health Care Index Fund	—	VHCIX	—	—	VHT
Vanguard Industrials Index Fund	—	VINAX	—	—	VIS
Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund	—	VITAX	—	—	VGT
Vanguard Materials Index Fund	—	VMIAX	—	—	VAW
Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund³	—	VTCAX	—	—	VOX
Vanguard Utilities Index Fund	—	VUIAX	—	—	VPU
Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund	—	—	VMCTX	—	MGC
Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund	—	—	VMVLX	—	MGV
Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund	—	—	VMGAX	—	MGK
Vanguard Global _Wellington^™Fund	VGWLX	VGWAX	—	—	—
Vanguard Global _Wellesley^®Income Fund	VGWIX	VGYAX	—	—	—
1 Individually, a class; collectively, the classes.
2 Individually, a Fund; collectively, the Funds.
3 Formerly known as Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund.

B-1

The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares. There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that may be issued for a single fund or class of shares.

Organization

Vanguard World Fund was organized as Ivest Fund, a Massachusetts corporation, in 1959. It became a Maryland corporation in 1973, and was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1998. Prior to its reorganization as a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust was known as Vanguard World Fund, Inc. The Trust is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end management investment company. All Funds within the Trust, other than Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, are classified as diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds are classified as nondiversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

Service Providers

Custodians. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 50 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02110-1548 (for Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds, and Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund); JPMorgan Chase Bank, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179 (for Vanguard International Growth Fund, Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, Vanguard Global Wellington Fund, and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund); and State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111 (for Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund), serve as the Funds’ custodians. The custodians are responsible for maintaining the Funds’ assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any foreign subcustodians or foreign securities depositories.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Funds’ annual financial statements and provides other related services.

Transfer and Dividend-Paying Agent. The Funds’ transfer agent and dividend-paying agent is Vanguard, P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

Characteristics of the Funds’ Shares

Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares. There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of a Fund’s shares, other than those described in the Fund’s current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund or class may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or class or by liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Fund or class. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, each Fund and share class will continue indefinitely.

Shareholder Liability. The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. This means that a shareholder of a Fund generally will not be personally liable for payment of the Funds’ debts. Some state courts, however, may not apply Delaware law on this point. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is remote.

Dividend Rights. The shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared by the Fund for each such class. No shares of a Fund have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund and will be paid ratably to all shareholders of a particular class according to the number of shares of the class held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the net asset values of the different classes and differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan approved by the Funds’ board of trustees.

Voting Rights. Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if (1) the matter concerns an amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the shares of a Fund or any class; (2) the trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder vote; (3) a merger or consolidation, share conversion, share exchange, or sale of assets is proposed and a shareholder vote is required by the 1940 Act to approve the transaction; or (4) a shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires a

B-2

shareholder vote under various circumstances, including to elect or remove trustees upon the written request of shareholders representing 10% or more of a Fund’s net assets, to change any fundamental policy of a Fund (please see Fundamental Policies), and to enter into certain merger transactions. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, shareholders of a Fund receive one vote for each dollar of net asset value owned on the record date and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the shares of the Fund or class affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that matter. In addition, each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another. Voting rights are noncumulative and cannot be modified without a majority vote by the shareholders.

Liquidation Rights. In the event that a Fund is liquidated, shareholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets. In the event that a class of shares is liquidated, shareholders of that class will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets that are allocated to that class. Shareholders may receive cash, securities, or a combination of the two.

Preemptive Rights. There are no preemptive rights associated with the Funds’ shares.

Conversion Rights. Fund shareholders may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements, as described in each Fund’s current prospectus. ETF Shares cannot be converted into conventional shares of a fund by a shareholder. For additional information about the conversion rights applicable to ETF Shares, please see Information About the ETF Share Class.

Redemption Provisions. Each Fund’s redemption provisions are described in its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information.

Sinking Fund Provisions. The Funds have no sinking fund provisions.

Calls or Assessment. Each Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

Tax Status of the Funds

Each Fund expects to qualify each year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC). This special tax status means that the Fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, each Fund must comply with certain requirements relating to the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements in any taxable year, the Fund will, in some cases, be able to cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund is ineligible to or otherwise does not cure such failure for any year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated investment company.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding real estate investment trusts (REITs)) and certain foreign corporations generally may be eligible to be reported by the Funds, and treated by individual shareholders, as “qualified dividend income” taxed at long-term capital gain rates instead of at higher ordinary income tax rates. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for such treatment. Capital gains distributed by the Funds are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding REITs) may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Corporations must satisfy certain requirements in order to claim the deduction. Capital gains distributed by the Funds are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

Under recent tax legislation, individuals (and certain other noncorporate entities) are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to taxable ordinary dividends from REITs and certain taxable income from publicly traded partnerships. Currently, there is not a regulatory mechanism for regulated investment companies to pass through the 20% deduction to shareholders. As a result, in comparison, investors investing directly in REITs or publicly traded partnerships would generally be eligible for the 20% deduction for such taxable income from these investments while investors investing in REITs or publicly traded partnerships indirectly through a Fund would not be eligible for the 20% deduction for their share of such taxable income.

Each Fund may declare a capital gain dividend consisting of the excess (if any) of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses. Net capital gains for a fiscal year are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforwards of the Fund. For Fund fiscal years beginning on or after December 22, 2010, capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and retain their character as either short-term or long-term. Under prior law, net

B-3

capital losses could be carried forward for eight tax years and were treated as short-term capital losses. A Fund is required to use capital losses arising in fiscal years beginning on or after December 22, 2010, before using capital losses arising in fiscal years beginning prior to December 22, 2010.

FUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Each Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment policies, which cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s shares. For these purposes, a “majority” of shares means shares representing the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the Fund’s net assets voted, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets.

Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Commodities. Each Fund may invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Diversification. For each Fund (other than Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds): With respect to 75% of its total assets, each Fund may not: (1) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer; or (2) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities. This limitation does not apply to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

Industry Concentration. For the FTSE Social Index, Extended Duration Treasury Index, Mega Cap Index, Mega Cap Value Index, and Mega Cap Growth Index Funds: Each Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry, except as may be necessary to approximate the composition of its target index.

For the U.S. Growth, International Growth, Global Wellington, and Global Wellesley Income Funds: Each Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry.

For the U.S. Sector Index Funds: Each Fund will concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the industry denoted by the Fund name.

Investment Objective. The investment objectives of the U.S. Growth Fund, the International Growth Fund, and the FTSE Social Index Fund may not be materially changed without a shareholder vote.

Loans. Each Fund may make loans to another person only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Real Estate. Each Fund may not invest directly in real estate unless it is acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction shall not prevent a Fund from investing in securities or other instruments (1) issued by companies that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or (2) backed or secured by real estate or interests in real estate.

Senior Securities. Each Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Underwriting. Each Fund may not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act), in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

Compliance with the fundamental policies previously described is generally measured at the time the securities are purchased. Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act (as is the case with borrowing), if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time the investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. All fundamental policies must comply with applicable regulatory requirements. For more details, see Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies.

None of these policies prevents the Funds from having an ownership interest in Vanguard. As a part owner of Vanguard, each Fund may own securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to Vanguard’s costs or other financial requirements. See Management of the Funds for more information.

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INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RISKS, AND NONFUNDAMENTAL POLICIES

Some of the investment strategies and policies described on the following pages and in each Fund’s prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund’s investment in, or holdings of, certain securities or other assets. Unless otherwise required by law, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such securities or assets by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund’s investment strategies and policies.

The following investment strategies, risks, and policies supplement each Fund’s investment strategies, risks, and policies set forth in the prospectus. With respect to the different investments discussed as follows, a Fund may acquire such investments to the extent consistent with its investment strategies and policies.

Asset-Backed Securities. Asset-backed securities represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of underlying assets such as debt securities, bank loans, motor vehicle installment sales contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (i.e., credit card) agreements, and other categories of receivables. These underlying assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose entities. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The rate of principal payments on asset-backed securities is related to the rate of principal payments, including prepayments, on the underlying assets. The credit quality of asset-backed securities depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. The value of asset- backed securities may be affected by the various factors described above and other factors, such as changes in interest rates, the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or the entities providing the credit enhancement.

Asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate, as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying assets. Prepayments of principal by borrowers or foreclosure or other enforcement action by creditors shortens the term of the underlying assets. The occurrence of prepayments is a function of several factors, such as the level of interest rates, the general economic conditions, the location and age of the underlying obligations, and other social and demographic conditions. A fund’s ability to maintain positions in asset-backed securities is affected by the reductions in the principal amount of the underlying assets because of prepayments. A fund’s ability to reinvest prepayments of principal (as well as interest and other distributions and sale proceeds) at a comparable yield is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. The value of asset-backed securities varies with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of U.S. government securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of the underlying securities. Conversely, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the average life of such assets. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, an investor, such as a fund, generally has to reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at lower interest rates than those at which the assets were previously invested. Therefore, asset-backed securities have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.

Because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in the underlying assets that is comparable to a mortgage, asset-backed securities present certain additional risks that are not present with mortgage-backed securities. For example, revolving credit receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. If the servicer of a pool of underlying assets sells them to another party, there is the risk that the purchaser could acquire an interest superior to that of holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issue of asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the automobiles. Therefore, there is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities. Asset-backed securities have been, and may continue to be, subject to greater liquidity risks because of the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became acute in 2008. In addition, government actions and proposals that affect the terms of underlying home and consumer loans, thereby changing

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demand for products financed by those loans, as well as the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans, have had and may continue to have a negative effect on the valuation and liquidity of asset-backed securities.

Borrowing. A fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations; by the 1940 Act; and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased with the proceeds of such borrowing. A fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing by the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. These transactions can include entering into reverse repurchase agreements; engaging in mortgage-dollar-roll transactions; selling securities short (other than short sales “against-the-box”); buying and selling certain derivatives (such as futures contracts); selling (or writing) put and call options; engaging in sale-buybacks; entering into firm-commitment and standby-commitment agreements; engaging in when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transactions; and participating in other similar trading practices. (Additional discussion about a number of these transactions can be found on the following pages.) A borrowing transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund maintains an offsetting financial position; segregates liquid assets (with such liquidity determined by the advisor in accordance with procedures established by the board of trustees) equal (as determined on a daily mark-to-market basis) in value to the fund’s potential economic exposure under the borrowing transaction; or otherwise “covers” the transaction in accordance with applicable SEC guidance (collectively, “covers” the transaction). A fund may have to buy or sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price in order to cover a borrowing transaction. In addition, segregated assets may not be available to satisfy redemptions or to fulfill other obligations.

Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds, other debt holders, and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities typically consist of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted (on a voluntary or mandatory basis) within a specified period of time (normally for the entire life of the security) into a certain amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a predetermined price. Convertible securities also include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and derivatives combining the features of debt securities and equity securities. Other convertible securities with features and risks not specifically referred to herein may become available in the future. Convertible securities involve risks similar to those of both fixed income and equity securities. In a corporation’s capital structure, convertible securities are senior to common stock but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” and its “conversion value.” A security’s “investment value” represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible debt security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of Interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer, and the seniority of the security in the issuer’s capital structure. A security’s “conversion value” is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder

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is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security. If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that circumstance, the convertible security takes on the characteristics of a bond, and its price moves in the opposite direction from interest rates. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that case, the convertible security’s price may be as volatile as that of common stock. Because both interest rates and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying equity security. Convertible securities are often rated below investment-grade or are not rated, and they are generally subject to a high degree of credit risk.

Although all markets are prone to change over time, the generally high rate at which convertible securities are retired (through mandatory or scheduled conversions by issuers or through voluntary redemptions by holders) and replaced with newly issued convertible securities may cause the convertible securities market to change more rapidly than other markets. For example, a concentration of available convertible securities in a few economic sectors could elevate the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the specific risks of those sectors. Moreover, convertible securities with innovative structures, such as mandatory-conversion securities and equity-linked securities, have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price set in the governing instrument of the convertible security. If a convertible security held by a fund is subject to such redemption option and is called for redemption, the fund must allow the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell the security to a third party.

Cybersecurity Risks. The increased use of technology to conduct business could subject a fund and its third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, investment advisors and custodians) to risks associated with cybersecurity. In general, a cybersecurity incident can occur as a result of a deliberate attack designed to gain unauthorized access to digital systems. If the attack is successful, an unauthorized person or persons could misappropriate assets or sensitive information, corrupt data, or cause operational disruption. A cybersecurity incident could also occur unintentionally if, for example, an authorized person inadvertently released proprietary or confidential information. Vanguard has developed robust technological safeguards and business continuity plans to prevent, or reduce the impact of, potential cybersecurity incidents. Additionally, Vanguard has a process for assessing the information security and/or cybersecurity programs implemented by a fund’s third-party service providers, which helps minimize the risk of potential incidents. Despite these measures, a cybersecurity incident still has the potential to disrupt business operations, which could negatively impact a fund and/or its shareholders. Some examples of negative impacts that could occur as a result of a cybersecurity incident include, but are not limited to, the following: a fund may be unable to calculate its net asset value (NAV), a fund’s shareholders may be unable to transact business, a fund may be unable to process transactions on behalf of its shareholders, or a fund may be unable to safeguard its data or the personal information of its shareholders.

Debt Securities. A debt security, sometimes called a fixed income security, consists of a certificate or other evidence of a debt (secured or unsecured) on which the issuing company or governmental body promises to pay the holder thereof a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest for a specified length of time and to repay the debt on the specified maturity date. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, do not make regular interest payments but are issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Debt securities include a variety of fixed income obligations, including, but not limited to, corporate bonds, government securities, municipal securities, convertible securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. Debt securities include investment-grade securities, non-investment-grade securities, and unrated securities. Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, call risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, inflation risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and (in the case of foreign securities) country risk and currency risk. The reorganization of an issuer under the federal bankruptcy laws may result in the issuer’s debt securities being canceled without repayment, repaid only in part, or repaid in part or in whole through an exchange thereof for any combination of cash, debt securities, convertible securities, equity securities, or other instruments or rights in respect to the same issuer or a related entity.

Debt Securities—Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more

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developed foreign countries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital; generally, smaller, less seasoned, and newly organized companies; the difference in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of bond markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and bond markets of certain emerging market countries.

Debt Securities—Foreign Securities. The Global Wellington and Global Wellesley Income Funds invest a substantial portion of its assets in foreign debt securities. Typically, foreign debt securities are issued by entities organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. Investing in foreign debt securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in debt securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are multiple risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund’s trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of the transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally more volatile and less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers, and foreign investments may be effected through structures that may be complex or confusing. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of bond markets, bond dealers, and bond issuers than in the United States. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Additionally, economic or other sanctions imposed on the United States by a foreign country, or imposed on a foreign country by the United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise transact in certain investment securities. Sanctions could also affect the value and/or liquidity of a foreign security.

Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs for a fund’s portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, mark-ups and other transaction costs are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from or transactions in foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency. The Fund will attempt to hedge local currency risk, as discussed under the heading “Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions.” In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred in converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulation, currency devaluations, and political and economic developments.

Debt Securities—Inflation-Indexed Securities. Inflation-indexed securities are debt securities, the principal value of which is periodically adjusted to reflect the rate of inflation as indicated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Inflation-indexed securities may be issued by the U.S. government, by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government, and by corporations. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon payment.

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The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed securities is tied to the CPI, which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation, and energy. Inflation-indexed securities issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate of inflation in the United States.

Inflation—a general rise in prices of goods and services—erodes the purchasing power of an investor’s portfolio. For example, if an investment provides a “nominal” total return of 5% in a given year and inflation is 2% during that period, the inflation-adjusted, or real, return is 3%. Inflation, as measured by the CPI, has generally occurred during the past 50 years, so investors should be conscious of both the nominal and real returns of their investments. Investors in inflation-indexed securities funds who do not reinvest the portion of the income distribution that is attributable to inflation adjustments will not maintain the purchasing power of the investment over the long term. This is because interest earned depends on the amount of principal invested, and that principal will not grow with inflation if the investor fails to reinvest the principal adjustment paid out as part of a fund’s income distributions. Although inflation-indexed securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise because of reasons other than inflation (e.g., changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation (i.e., the CPI) falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed securities, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the inflation-indexed securities is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Other inflation-indexed securities include inflation-related bonds, which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

The value of inflation-indexed securities should change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed securities. In contrast, if nominal interest rates were to increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed securities.

Coupon payments that a fund receives from inflation-indexed securities are included in the fund’s gross income for the period during which they accrue. Any increase in principal for an inflation-indexed security resulting from inflation adjustments is considered by Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulations to be taxable income in the year it occurs. For direct holders of an inflation-indexed security, this means that taxes must be paid on principal adjustments, even though these amounts are not received until the bond matures. By contrast, a fund holding these securities distributes both interest income and the income attributable to principal adjustments each quarter in the form of cash or reinvested shares (which, like principal adjustments, are taxable to shareholders). It may be necessary for the fund to liquidate portfolio positions, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions.

Debt Securities—Non-Investment-Grade Securities. Non-investment-grade securities, also referred to as “high-yield securities” or “junk bonds,” are debt securities that are rated lower than the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (e.g., lower than Baa3/P-2 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (Moody’s) or below BBB–/A-2 by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC (Standard & Poor’s)) or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the fund’s advisor. These securities are generally considered to be, on balance, predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and they will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the investment-grade categories. Non-investment-grade securities generally provide greater income and opportunity for capital appreciation than higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk.

Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high-yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of investment-grade securities. Thus, reliance on credit ratings in making investment decisions entails greater risks for high-yield securities than for investment-grade securities. The success of a fund’s advisor in managing high-yield securities is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade securities.

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Some high-yield securities are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring such as an acquisition, a merger, or a leveraged buyout. Companies that issue high-yield securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with investment-grade securities. Some high-yield securities were once rated as investment-grade but have been downgraded to junk-bond status because of financial difficulties experienced by their issuers.

The market values of high-yield securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do investment-grade securities, which in general react to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. High-yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are investment-grade securities. An actual or anticipated economic downturn or sustained period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in junk bond prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high-yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, a fund investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.

The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the ability of a fund’s advisor to sell a high-yield security or the price at which a fund’s advisor could sell a high-yield security, and it could also adversely affect the daily net asset value of fund shares. When secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation of the securities.

Except as otherwise provided in a fund’s prospectus, if a credit-rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by a fund, the fund may retain the portfolio security if the advisor deems it in the best interests of shareholders.

Debt Securities—Structured and Indexed Securities. Structured securities (also called “structured notes”) and indexed securities are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities. The value of the principal of and/or interest on structured and indexed securities is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset, reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased, depending upon changes in the applicable reference. The terms of the structured and indexed securities may provide that, in certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the reference may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the structured or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference; therefore, the value of such security may be very volatile. Structured and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured or indexed securities may also be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities, which could lead to an overvaluation or an undervaluation of the securities.

Debt Securities—U.S. Government Securities. The term “U.S. government securities” refers to a variety of debt securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, by various agencies of the U.S. government, or by various instrumentalities that have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. The term also refers to repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities.

U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, meaning that the U.S. government is required to repay the principal in the event of default. Other types of securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The U.S. government, however, does not guarantee the market price of any U.S. government securities. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.

Some of the U.S. government agencies that issue or guarantee securities include the Government National Mortgage Association, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Federal Housing Administration, the Maritime Administration,

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the Small Business Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. An instrumentality of the U.S. government is a government agency organized under federal charter with government supervision. Instrumentalities issuing or guaranteeing securities include, among others, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Home Loan Banks, and the Federal National Mortgage Association.

Debt Securities—Variable and Floating Rate Securities. Variable and floating rate securities are debt securities that provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate paid on the security. Variable rate securities provide for a specified periodic adjustment in the interest rate, while floating rate securities have interest rates that change whenever there is a change in a designated benchmark rate or the issuer’s credit quality. There is a risk that the current interest rate on variable and floating rate securities may not accurately reflect current market interest rates or adequately compensate the holder for the current creditworthiness of the issuer. Some variable or floating rate securities are structured with liquidity features such as (1) put options or tender options that permit holders (sometimes subject to conditions) to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries or (2) auction-rate features, remarketing provisions, or other maturity-shortening devices designed to enable the issuer to refinance or redeem outstanding debt securities (market-dependent liquidity features). Variable or floating rate securities that include market-dependent liquidity features may have greater liquidity risk than other securities. The greater liquidity risk may exist, for example, because of the failure of a market-dependent liquidity feature to operate as intended (as a result of the issuer’s declining creditworthiness, adverse market conditions, or other factors) or the inability or unwillingness of a participating broker-dealer to make a secondary market for such securities. As a result, variable or floating rate securities that include market-dependent liquidity features may lose value, and the holders of such securities may be required to retain them until the later of the repurchase date, the resale date, or the date of maturity. A demand instrument with a demand notice exceeding seven days may be considered illiquid if there is no secondary market for such security.

Debt Securities—Zero-Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Securities. Zero-coupon and pay-in-kind securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Zero-coupon securities generally do not pay interest. Zero-coupon Treasury bonds are U.S. Treasury notes and bonds that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, or the coupons themselves, and also receipts or certificates representing an interest in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. The timely payment of coupon interest and principal on these instruments remains guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. These securities are generally issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Because such securities do not pay current cash income, the price of these securities can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. Although these securities do not pay current cash income, federal income tax law requires the holders of zero-coupon and pay-in-kind securities to include in income each year the portion of the original issue discount and other noncash income on such securities accrued during that year. Each fund that holds such securities intends to pass along such interest as a component of the fund’s distributions of net investment income. It may be necessary for the fund to liquidate portfolio positions, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a “depository.” Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution, and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and they are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (sponsored and unsponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants.

A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of nonobjection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of noncash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the

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underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.

Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request.

For purposes of a fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

Derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on—or “derived from”—the values of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying references, such as commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and related indexes. Derivatives include futures contracts and options on futures contracts, certain forward-commitment transactions, options on securities, caps, floors, collars, swap agreements, and certain other financial instruments. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as swap agreements, may be privately negotiated and entered into in the over-the-counter market (OTC Derivatives) or may be cleared through a clearinghouse (Cleared Derivatives) and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act), certain swap agreements, such as certain standardized credit default and interest rate swap agreements, must be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. This could result in an increase in the overall costs of such transactions. While the intent of derivatives regulatory reform is to mitigate risks associated with derivatives markets, the new regulations could, among other things, increase liquidity and decrease pricing for more standardized products while decreasing liquidity and increasing pricing for less standardized products. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities or assets on which the derivatives are based.

Derivatives may be used for a variety of purposes including—but not limited to—hedging, managing risk, seeking to stay fully invested, seeking to reduce transaction costs, seeking to simulate an investment in equity or debt securities or other investments, and seeking to add value by using derivatives to more efficiently implement portfolio positions when derivatives are favorably priced relative to equity or debt securities or other investments. Some investors may use derivatives primarily for speculative purposes while other uses of derivatives may not constitute speculation. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a fund’s advisor will succeed. The other parties to the funds’ OTC Derivatives contracts (usually referred to as “counterparties”) will not be considered the issuers thereof for purposes of certain provisions of the 1940 Act and the IRC, although such OTC Derivatives may qualify as securities or investments under such laws. The funds’ advisors, however, will monitor and adjust, as appropriate, the funds’ credit risk exposure to OTC Derivative counterparties.

Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. When the fund enters into a Cleared Derivative, an initial margin deposit with a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) is required. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a Cleared Derivative over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis.

For OTC Derivatives, the fund is subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. Additionally, the use of credit derivatives can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly

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evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit derivative is based.

Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with certain OTC Derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.

Derivatives may be subject to pricing or “basis” risk, which exists when a particular derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity.

Because certain derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” Like most other investments, derivative instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other financial or economic factors in establishing derivative positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a derivative as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the derivative will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many derivatives (in particular, OTC Derivatives) are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

Exchange-Traded Funds. A fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Typically, a fund would purchase ETF shares for the same reason it would purchase (and as an alternative to purchasing) futures contracts: to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. ETF shares enjoy several advantages over futures. Depending on the market, the holding period, and other factors, ETF shares can be less costly and more tax-efficient than futures. In addition, ETF shares can be purchased for smaller sums, offer exposure to market sectors and styles for which there is no suitable or liquid futures contract, and do not involve leverage.

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same principal risks as an investment in a conventional fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or a premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of an ETF’s shares may also be halted if the shares are delisted from the exchange without first being listed on another exchange or if the listing exchange’s officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

Most ETFs are investment companies. Therefore, a fund’s purchases of ETF shares generally are subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.” Vanguard ETF^®* Shares are exchange-traded shares that represent an interest in an investment portfolio held by Vanguard funds. A fund’s investments in Vanguard ETF Shares are also generally subject to the descriptions, limitations, and risks described under the heading “Other Investment Companies,” except as provided by an exemption granted by the SEC that permits registered investment companies to invest in a Vanguard fund that issues ETF Shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions.

* U.S. Patent Nos. 6,879,964; 7,337,138; 7,720,749; 7,925,573; 8,090,646; and 8,417,623.

Foreign Securities. Typically, foreign securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities

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organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Securities issued by certain companies organized outside the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if the company’s principal operations are conducted from the United States or when the company’s equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. A fund may make foreign investments either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments (depositary receipts) for foreign securities. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Investing in foreign securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are multiple risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund’s trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of a transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally more volatile and less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers, and foreign investments may be effected through structures that may be complex or confusing. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. The risk that securities traded on foreign exchanges may be suspended, either by the issuers themselves, by an exchange, or by government authorities, is also heightened. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries.

Additionally, economic or other sanctions imposed on the United States by a foreign country, or imposed on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise transact in certain investment securities. Sanctions could also affect the value and/or liquidity of a foreign security.

Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs for a fund’s portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, commissions and other transaction costs are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities. Additionally, bankruptcy laws vary by jurisdiction and cash deposits may be subject to a custodian’s creditors. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from, capital gains on the sale of, or transactions in foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency (as discussed under the heading “Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions,” a fund may attempt to hedge its currency risks). In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred from converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulations, currency devaluations, and political

Foreign Securities—China A-shares Risk. China A-shares (A-shares) are shares of mainland Chinese companies that are traded locally on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. In order to invest in A-shares, a foreign investor must have access to an investment quota through a Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) or a Renminbi QFII (RQFII) license holder. A-shares are also available through the China Stock Connect program, subject to separate quota limitations. The developing state of the investment and banking systems of the People’s Republic of China (China, or the PRC) subjects the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to heightened risks. Additionally, there are foreign ownership limitations that may result in limitations on investment or the return of profits if a fund purchases and sells shares of an issuer in which it owns 5% or more of the shares issued within a six-month period. It is unclear if the 5% ownership will be determined by aggregating the holdings of a fund with affiliated funds.

Due to these restrictions, it is possible that the A-shares quota available to a fund as a foreign investor may not be sufficient to meet the fund’s investment needs. In this situation, a fund may seek an alternative method of economic exposure, such as by purchasing other classes of securities or depositary receipts or by utilizing derivatives. Any of these options could increase a fund’s index sampling risk (for index funds) or investment cost. Additionally, investing in

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A-shares generally increases emerging markets risk due in part to government and issuer market controls and the developing settlement and legal systems.

Investing in China A-shares through Stock Connect. The China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) is a mutual market access program designed to, among other things, enable foreign investment in the PRC via brokers in Hong Kong. A QFII/RQFII license is not required to trade via Stock Connect. There are significant risks inherent in investing in A-shares through Stock Connect. Specifically, trading can be affected by a number of issues. Stock Connect can only operate when both PRC and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. As such, if one or both markets are closed on a U.S. trading day, a fund may not be able to dispose of its shares in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund’s performance. Trading through Stock Connect may require pre-delivery or pre-validation of cash or securities to or by a broker. If the cash or securities are not in the broker’s possession before the market opens on the day of selling, the sell order will be rejected. This requirement may limit a fund’s ability to dispose of its A-shares purchased through Stock Connect in a timely manner.

Additionally, Stock Connect is subject to daily quota limitations on purchases into the PRC. Once the daily quota is reached, orders to purchase additional A-shares through Stock Connect will be rejected. In addition, a fund’s purchase of A-shares through Stock Connect may only be subsequently sold through Stock Connect and is not otherwise transferable. Stock Connect utilizes an omnibus clearing structure, and the fund’s shares will be registered in its custodian’s name on the Hong Kong Central Clearing and Settlement System. This may limit an advisor’s ability to effectively manage a fund’s holdings, including the potential enforcement of equity owner rights.

Foreign Securities—Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and it imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); more substantial government involvement in the economy; less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets and possible arbitrary and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws; controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on the fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; unavailability of currency-hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; generally smaller, less seasoned, or newly organized companies; differences in, or lack of, auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing a judgment in a court outside the United States; and greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Custodial services and other investment-related costs are often more expensive in emerging market countries, which can reduce a fund’s income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions. The value in U.S. dollars of a fund’s non-dollar-denominated foreign securities may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. To seek to minimize the impact of such factors on net asset values, a fund may engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. A fund will enter into foreign currency transactions only to attempt to “hedge” the currency risk associated with investing in foreign securities. Although such transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss that would result from a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also may limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase.

Currency exchange transactions may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into with large commercial banks or other currency traders who are participants in the interbank market. Currency exchange transactions also may be effected through the use of swap agreements or other derivatives.

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Currency exchange transactions may be considered borrowings. A currency exchange transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of foreign currency involved in underlying security transactions, a fund may be able to protect itself against part or all of the possible loss between trade and settlement dates for that purchase or sale resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “transaction hedging.” In addition, when the advisor reasonably believes that a particular foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, a fund may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “portfolio hedging.” Similarly, when the advisor reasonably believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, a fund may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.

A fund may also attempt to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency futures, options, and “cross-hedge” transactions. In cross-hedge transactions, a fund holding securities denominated in one foreign currency will enter into a forward currency contract to buy or sell a different foreign currency (one that the advisor reasonably believes generally tracks the currency being hedged with regard to price movements). The advisor may select the tracking (or substitute) currency rather than the currency in which the security is denominated for various reasons, including in order to take advantage of pricing or other opportunities presented by the tracking currency or to take advantage of a more liquid or more efficient market for the tracking currency. Such cross-hedges are expected to help protect a fund against an increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies.

A fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these assets are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

The forecasting of currency market movement is extremely difficult, and whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward currency contract. Accordingly, a fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if its advisor’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave a fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because forward currency contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a fund will have flexibility to roll over a forward currency contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Investment Companies. Some of the countries in which a fund may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Fund investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. Such investments may be made through registered or unregistered closed-end investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.” Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are derivatives. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. A security futures contract relates to the sale of a specific quantity of shares of a single equity security or a narrow-based securities index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. The buyer of a futures contract enters into an agreement to purchase the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “long” the contract. The seller of a futures contract enters into an agreement to sell the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which a futures contract is entered into is established either in the electronic marketplace or by open outcry on the floor of

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an exchange between exchange members acting as traders or brokers. Open futures contracts can be liquidated or closed out by physical delivery of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount on the settlement date, depending on the terms of the particular contract. Some financial futures contracts (such as security futures) provide for physical settlement at maturity. Other financial futures contracts (such as those relating to interest rates, foreign currencies, and broad-based securities indexes) generally provide for cash settlement at maturity. In the case of cash-settled futures contracts, the cash settlement amount is equal to the difference between the final settlement or market price for the relevant commodity on the last trading day of the contract and the price for the relevant commodity agreed upon at the outset of the contract. Most futures contracts, however, are not held until maturity but instead are “offset” before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position.

The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures commission merchant (FCM) when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s position declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s position increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis. A futures transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the “exercise” or “strike” price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

A fund that takes the position of a writer of a futures option is required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin with respect to the option, as previously described in the case of futures contracts. A futures option transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” Each Fund intends to comply with Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), under which a mutual fund may be excluded from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) if the fund meets certain conditions such as limiting its investments in certain CEA-regulated instruments (e.g., futures, options, or swaps) and complying with certain marketing restrictions. Accordingly, Vanguard is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to each Fund under the CEA. Each Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity or that are quoted on an automated quotation system.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts—Risks. The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, a

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fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements (and segregation requirements, if applicable) at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, a fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

A fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day, and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of future positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment.

U.S. Treasury futures are generally not subject to such daily limits.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use a futures

contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.

A fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM if, for example, the FCM breaches its agreement with the fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the fund.

Hybrid Instruments. A hybrid instrument, or hybrid, is an interest in an issuer that combines the characteristics of an equity security, a debt security, a commodity, and/or a derivative. A hybrid may have characteristics that, on the whole, more strongly suggest the existence of a bond, stock, or other traditional investment, but a hybrid may also have prominent features that are normally associated with a different type of investment. Moreover, hybrid instruments may be treated as a particular type of investment for one regulatory purpose (such as taxation) and may be simultaneously treated as a different type of investment for a different regulatory purpose (such as securities or commodity regulation). Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including increased total return, duration management, and currency hedging. Because hybrids combine features of two or more traditional investments and may involve the use of innovative structures, hybrids present risks that may be similar to, different from, or greater than those associated with traditional investments with similar characteristics.

Examples of hybrid instruments include convertible securities, which combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks; perpetual bonds, which are structured like fixed income securities, have no maturity date, and may be characterized as debt or equity for certain regulatory purposes; contingent convertible securities, which are fixed income securities that, under certain circumstances, either convert into common stock of the issuer or undergo a principal write-down by a predetermined percentage if the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a predetermined trigger level; and trust-preferred securities, which are preferred stocks of a special-purpose trust that holds subordinated debt of the corporate parent. Another example of a hybrid is a commodity-linked bond, such as a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

In the case of hybrids that are structured like fixed income securities (such as structured notes), the principal amount or the interest rate is generally tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency, securities index, interest rate, or other economic factor (each, a benchmark). For some hybrids, the principal amount payable at maturity or the interest rate may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. Other hybrids do not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark, thus magnifying

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movements within the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond with a fixed principal amount that pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. Depending on the level of a fund’s investment in hybrids, these risks may cause significant fluctuations in the fund’s net asset value. Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often “customized” to meet the needs of an issuer or, sometimes, the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities.

Certain issuers of hybrid instruments known as structured products may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the funds’ investments in these products may be subject to the limitations described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Industry Concentration. The SEC staff takes the position that a fund concentrates its investments if it invests more than 25% of its assets in any particular industry. (For this purpose investments do not include certain items such as cash, U.S. government securities, securities of other investment companies, and certain tax-exempt securities.) Interfund Borrowing and Lending. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting registered open-end Vanguard funds to participate in Vanguard’s interfund lending program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction, (2) no fund may lend money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan, and (3) a fund’s interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund’s net assets. In addition, a Vanguard fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the fund’s investment objective and investment policies. The boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible for overseeing the interfund lending program. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.

Investing for Control. Each Vanguard fund invests in securities and other instruments for the sole purpose of achieving a specific investment objective. As such, a Vanguard fund does not seek to acquire, individually or collectively with any other Vanguard fund, enough of a company’s outstanding voting stock to have control over management decisions. A Vanguard fund does not invest for the purpose of controlling a company’s management.

Loan Interests and Direct Debt Instruments. Loan interests and direct debt instruments are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (in the case of loans and loan participations); to suppliers of goods or services (in the case of trade claims or other receivables); or to other parties. These investments involve a risk of loss in case of the default, the insolvency, or the bankruptcy of the borrower and may offer less legal protection to the purchaser in the event of fraud or misrepresentation, or there may be a requirement that a purchaser supply additional cash to a borrower on demand.

Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of interest and repayment of principal. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by a rating agency. If scheduled interest or principal payments are not made, or are not made in a timely manner, the value of the instrument may be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured provide more protections than unsecured loans in the event of failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation or that the collateral could be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or they may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of developing countries also involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and repay principal when due.

Corporate loans and other forms of direct corporate indebtedness in which a fund may invest generally are made to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, refinancing of existing debt, leveraged buyouts, and other corporate activities. A significant portion of the corporate indebtedness purchased by a fund may represent interests in loans or debt made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions (known as “leveraged buyout” transactions), leveraged recapitalization loans, and other types of acquisition financing. Another portion may also represent loans

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incurred in restructuring or “work-out” scenarios, including super-priority debtor-in-possession facilities in bankruptcy and acquisition of assets out of bankruptcy. Loans in restructuring or work-out scenarios may be especially vulnerable to the inherent uncertainties in restructuring processes. In addition, the highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in any such transactions, whether in acquisition financing or restructuring, may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse or unusual economic or market conditions.

Loans and other forms of direct indebtedness generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to sell them in secondary markets. As a result, a fund may be unable to sell loans and other forms of direct indebtedness at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at a price that is less than their fair value.

Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial institution’s interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the purchaser could become part owner of any collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is at least conceivable that, under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a purchaser could be held liable as a co-lender. Direct debt instruments may also involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary.

A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless the purchaser has direct recourse against the borrower, the purchaser may have to rely on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against a borrower under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness. If assets held by the agent for the benefit of a purchaser were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent’s general creditors, the purchaser might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on the loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest.

Direct indebtedness may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments that obligate purchasers to make additional cash payments on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a purchaser to increase its investment in a borrower when it would not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower’s condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid.

A fund’s investment policies will govern the amount of total assets that it may invest in any one issuer or in issuers within the same industry. For purposes of these limitations, a fund generally will treat the borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by the fund. In the case of loan participations in which a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between a fund and the borrower, if the participation does not shift to the fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower, SEC interpretations require the fund, in some circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as “issuers” for purposes of the fund’s investment policies. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participation in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property or instruments derived from such loans and may be based on different types of mortgages, including those on residential properties or commercial real estate. Mortgage-backed securities include various types of securities, such as government stripped mortgage-backed securities, adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations.

Generally, mortgage-backed securities represent partial interests in pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA); by government-related organizations, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC); and by private issuers, such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, and mortgage bankers. The average maturity of pass-through pools of mortgage-backed securities in which a fund may invest varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage instruments. In addition, a pool’s average maturity may be shortened by unscheduled payments on the underlying mortgages. Factors affecting mortgage prepayments include the level of interest rates, the general economic and social conditions, the location of the mortgaged property, and the age of the mortgage. Because prepayment rates of individual mortgage pools vary widely, the average life of a particular pool cannot be predicted accurately.

Mortgage-backed securities may be classified as private, government, or government-related, depending on the issuer or guarantor. Private mortgage-backed securities represent interest in pass-through pools consisting principally of conventional residential or commercial mortgage loans created by nongovernment issuers, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and private mortgage insurance companies. Private mortgage-backed securities may not

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be readily marketable. In addition, mortgage-backed securities have been subject to greater liquidity risk because of the deterioration of worldwide economic and liquidity conditions that became especially severe in 2008. U.S. government mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. GNMA, the principal U.S. guarantor of these securities, is a wholly owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Government-related mortgage-backed securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Issuers include FNMA and FHLMC, which are congressionally chartered corporations. In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury placed FNMA and FHLMC under conservatorship and appointed the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to manage their daily operations. In addition, the U.S. Treasury entered into purchase agreements with FNMA and FHLMC to provide them with capital in exchange for senior preferred stock. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA. Participation certificates representing interests in mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio are guaranteed as to the timely payment of interest and principal by FHLMC. Private, government, or government-related entities may create mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments (i.e., mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may be shorter than customary).

Mortgage-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. Prepayments of principal by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures shorten the term of the mortgage pool underlying the mortgage-backed security. A fund’s ability to maintain positions in mortgage-backed securities is affected by the reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments. A fund’s ability to reinvest prepayments of principal at comparable yield is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. The values of mortgage-backed securities vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of government securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgages supporting a mortgage-backed security. Conversely, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the average life of such a pool. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, an investor, such as a fund, generally has to reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at lower interest rates than those at which its assets were previously invested. Therefore, mortgage-backed securities have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.

Mortgage-Backed Securities—Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities. Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (ARMBSs) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits a fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. However, because the interest rates on ARMBSs are reset only periodically, changes in market interest rates or in the issuer’s creditworthiness may affect their value. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, a fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, a fund holding an ARMBS does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are thus subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

Mortgage-Backed Securities—Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) are mortgage-backed securities that are collateralized by whole loan mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. The bonds issued in a CMO transaction are divided into groups, and each group of bonds is referred to as a “tranche.” Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the CMO bondholders. The bonds issued under a traditional CMO structure are retired sequentially as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in traditional pass-through obligations. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. Under a

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CMO structure, the repayment of principal among the different tranches is prioritized in accordance with the terms of the particular CMO issuance. The “fastest-pay” tranches of bonds, as specified in the prospectus for the issuance, would initially receive all principal payments. When those tranches of bonds are retired, the next tranche (or tranches) in the sequence, as specified in the prospectus, receives all of the principal payments until that tranche is retired. The sequential retirement of bond groups continues until the last tranche is retired. Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long-maturity, monthly pay collateral to formulate securities with short, intermediate, and long final maturities and expected average lives and risk characteristics.

In recent years, new types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds, and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these new structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which a fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-backed securities.

CMOs may include real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs). REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property. A REMIC is a CMO that qualifies for special tax treatment under the IRC and invests in certain mortgages principally secured by interests in real property. Investors may purchase beneficial interests in REMICs, which are known as “regular” interests, or “residual” interests. Guaranteed REMIC pass-through certificates (REMIC Certificates) issued by FNMA or FHLMC represent beneficial ownership interests in a REMIC trust consisting principally of mortgage loans or FNMA, FHLMC, or GNMA-guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates. For FHLMC REMIC Certificates, FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and also guarantees the payment of principal, as payments are required to be made on the underlying mortgage participation certificates. FNMA REMIC Certificates are issued and guaranteed as to timely distribution of principal and interest by FNMA.

The primary risk of CMOs is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the particular CMO transaction (i.e., the priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) will affect the yield, the average life, and the price of CMOs. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other securities.

Mortgage-Backed Securities—Hybrid ARMs. A hybrid adjustable rate mortgage (hybrid ARM) is a type of mortgage in which the interest rate is fixed for a specified period and then resets periodically, or floats, for the remaining mortgage term. Hybrid ARMs are usually referred to by their fixed and floating periods. For example, a 5/1 ARM refers to a mortgage with a 5-year fixed interest rate period, followed by a 1-year interest rate adjustment period. During the initial interest period (i.e., the initial five years for a 5/1 hybrid ARM), hybrid ARMs behave more like fixed income securities and are thus subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. All hybrid ARMs have reset dates. A reset date is the date when a hybrid ARM changes from a fixed interest rate to a floating interest rate. At the reset date, a hybrid ARM can adjust by a maximum specified amount based on a margin over an identified index. Like ARMBSs, hybrid ARMs have periodic and lifetime limitations on the increases that can be made to the interest rates that mortgagors pay. Therefore, if during a floating rate period interest rates rise above the interest rate limits of the hybrid ARM, a fund holding the hybrid ARM does not benefit from further increases in interest rates.

Mortgage-Backed Securities—Mortgage Dollar Rolls. A mortgage dollar roll is a transaction in which a fund sells a mortgage-backed security to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a predetermined price. A mortgage-dollar-roll program may be structured to simulate an investment in mortgage-backed securities at a potentially lower cost, or with potentially reduced administrative burdens, than directly holding mortgage-backed securities. For accounting purposes, each transaction in a mortgage dollar roll is viewed as a separate purchase and sale of a mortgage-backed security. These transactions may increase a fund’s portfolio turnover rate. The fund receives cash for a mortgage-backed security in the initial transaction and enters into an agreement that requires the fund to purchase a similar mortgage-backed security in the future.

The counterparty with which a fund enters into a mortgage-dollar-roll transaction is obligated to provide the fund with similar securities to purchase as those originally sold by the fund. These securities generally must (1) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (2) have similar original stated maturities; (3) have identical net coupon rates; and (4) satisfy “good delivery” requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within a certain percentage of the initial amount delivered. Mortgage dollar rolls will

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be used only if consistent with a fund’s investment objective and strategies and will not be used to change a fund’s risk profile.

Mortgage-Backed Securities—Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBSs) are derivative multiclass mortgage-backed securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities formed or sponsored by any of the foregoing.

SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The price and yield to maturity on an IO class are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities, even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

Although SMBSs are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed, and accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and thus subject to a fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

Options. An option is a derivative. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a “premium,” the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. The multiplier for an index option determines the size of the investment position the option represents. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of over-the-counter (OTC) options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. Although this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve credit risk to the counterparty whereas for exchange-traded, centrally cleared options, credit risk is mutualized through the involvement of the applicable clearing house.

The buyer (or holder) of an option is said to be “long” the option, while the seller (or writer) of an option is said to be “short” the option. A call option grants to the holder the right to buy (and obligates the writer to sell) the underlying security at the strike price, which is the predetermined price at which the option may be exercised. A put option grants to the holder the right to sell (and obligates the writer to buy) the underlying security at the strike price. The purchase price of an option is called the “premium.” The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer. The writing of an option will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” If a trading market, in particular options, were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the funds)

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would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying instrument moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when options prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying instruments and related instruments. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment, which could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

OTC Swap Agreements. An over-the-counter (OTC) swap agreement, which is a type of derivative, is an agreement between two parties (counterparties) to exchange payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional amount) with the payments calculated with reference to a specified asset, reference rate, or index.

Examples of OTC swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, excess return swaps, and total return swaps. Most OTC swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a fund’s current obligations (or rights) under an OTC swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. OTC swap agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.

An OTC option on an OTC swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium.” A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

The use of OTC swap agreements by a fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap agreement. OTC swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of an OTC swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If an OTC swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, OTC swap transactions may be subject to a fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap becomes extraordinarily expensive or inexpensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity or to realize the intrinsic value of the OTC swap agreement.

Because certain OTC swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain OTC swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged OTC swap transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is

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defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” Like most other investments, OTC swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing OTC swap positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use an OTC swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the OTC swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving OTC swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many OTC swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

The use of an OTC swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.

The market for OTC swaps and swaptions is a relatively new market. It is possible that developments in the market could adversely affect a fund, including its ability to terminate existing OTC swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. As previously noted under the heading “Derivatives,” under the Dodd-Frank Act, certain swaps that may be used by a fund may be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility.

Other Investment Companies. A fund may invest in other investment companies to the extent permitted by applicable law or SEC exemption. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund generally may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company, as long as no investment represents more than 3% of the voting stock of an acquired investment company. In addition, no funds for which Vanguard acts as an advisor may, in the aggregate, own more than 10% of the voting stock of a closed-end investment company. The 1940 Act and related rules provide certain exemptions from these restrictions, for example, for funds that invest in other funds within the same group of investment companies. If a fund invests in other investment companies, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the fund’s expenses (including operating expenses and the fees of the advisor), but they also may indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment companies. Certain investment companies, such as business development companies (BDCs), are more akin to operating companies and, as such, their expenses are not direct expenses paid by fund shareholders and are not used to calculate the fund’s net asset value. SEC rules nevertheless require that any expenses incurred by a BDC be included in a fund’s expense ratio as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” The expense ratio of a fund that holds a BDC will thus overstate what the fund actually spends on portfolio management, administrative services, and other shareholder services by an amount equal to these Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in a fund’s financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a fund’s actual operating expenses. Shareholders would also be exposed to the risks associated not only with the investments of the fund but also with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment companies. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value but also may be traded on the secondary market.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock normally pays dividends at a specified rate and has precedence over common stock in the event the issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy. However, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporation’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or noncumulative, participating, or auction rate. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer’s common stock. “Participating” preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions allowing the stock to be called or redeemed, which can limit the benefit of a decline in interest rates. Preferred stock is subject to many of the risks to which common stock and debt securities are subject. In

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addition, preferred stock may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than common stock or debt securities because preferred stock may trade with less frequency and in more limited volume.

Private Equity. Private equity is equity capital that is not quoted on a public exchange. It consists of investors and funds that make investments directly into private companies or conduct buyouts of public companies that result in a delisting of public equity. Capital for private equity is raised from retail and institutional investors, and can be used to fund new technologies, expand working capital within an owned company, make acquisitions, or to strengthen a balance sheet. Private equity securities should be regarded as illiquid, as they are not listed on an exchange and are generally not transferable. By their nature, investments in privately held companies tend to be riskier than investments in publicly traded companies. Generally, there will be no readily available market for private equity investments and, accordingly, most such investments are difficult to value and can be difficult to exit.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). An equity REIT owns real estate properties directly and generates income from rental and lease payments. Equity REITs also have the potential to generate capital gains as properties are sold at a profit. A mortgage REIT makes construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans to commercial real estate developers and earns interest income on these loans. A hybrid REIT holds both properties and mortgages. To avoid taxation at the corporate level, REITs must distribute most of their earnings to shareholders.

Investments in REITs are subject to many of the same risks as direct investments in real estate. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, supply and demand for properties, general or local economic conditions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, a REIT’s performance depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well the REIT manages its properties. For example, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, regulatory limitations on rents, fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses because of casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws.

The value of a REIT may also be affected by changes in interest rates. Rising interest rates generally increase the cost of financing for real estate projects, which could cause the value of an equity REIT to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, mortgagors may elect to prepay mortgages held by mortgage REITs, which could lower or diminish the yield on the REIT. REITs are also subject to heavy cash-flow dependency, default by borrowers, and changes in tax and regulatory requirements. In addition, a REIT may fail to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the IRC and/or fail to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.

Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a debt security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a bank, a broker, or a dealer and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The resale price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these transactions, the securities acquired by a fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and be held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the investment advisor will monitor a fund’s repurchase agreement transactions generally and will evaluate the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, or dealer party to a repurchase agreement relating to a fund. The aggregate amount of any such agreements is not limited, except to the extent required by law.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. For example, if the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within its control, and therefore the realization by the fund on such collateral may be automatically stayed. Finally, it is possible that the fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities. Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which they are valued. The SEC generally limits

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aggregate holdings of illiquid securities by a mutual fund to 15% of its net assets (5% for money market funds). A fund may experience difficulty valuing and selling illiquid securities and, in some cases, may be unable to value or sell certain illiquid securities for an indefinite period of time. Illiquid securities may include a wide variety of investments, such as (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features), (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), (4) certain loan interests and other direct debt instruments, (5) certain municipal lease obligations, (6) private equity investments, (7) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, and (8) securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws. Illiquid securities include restricted, privately placed securities that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a substantial market develops for a restricted security held by a fund, it may be treated as a liquid security in accordance with procedures and guidelines approved by the board of trustees. This generally includes securities that are unregistered, that can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, or that are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act, such as commercial paper. Although a fund’s advisor monitors the liquidity of restricted securities, the board of trustees oversees and retains ultimate responsibility for the advisor’s liquidity determinations. Several factors that the trustees consider in monitoring these decisions include the valuation of a security; the availability of qualified institutional buyers, brokers, and dealers that trade in the security; and the availability of information about the security’s issuer.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund sells a security to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at an agreed-upon price and time. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained by the fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the fund that it is obligated to repurchase. In addition to the risk of such a loss, fees charged to the fund may exceed the return the fund earns from investing the proceeds received from the reverse repurchase agreement transaction. A reverse repurchase agreement may be considered a borrowing transaction for purposes of the 1940 Act. A reverse repurchase agreement transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.” A fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the advisor. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, a fund’s use of proceeds from the sale may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines if it will honor the fund’s right to repurchase the securities. If the fund is unable to recover the securities it sold in a reverse repurchase agreement, it would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them.

Securities Lending. A fund may lend its investment securities to qualified institutional investors (typically brokers, dealers, banks, or other financial institutions) who may need to borrow securities in order to complete certain transactions, such as covering short sales, avoiding failures to deliver securities, or completing arbitrage operations. By lending its investment securities, a fund attempts to increase its net investment income through the receipt of interest on the securities lent. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities lent that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of the fund. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities lent because of insolvency or other reasons, a fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities lent or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for foreign securities. If a fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement investment in the market. The value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Cash received as collateral through loan transactions may be invested in other eligible securities. Investing this cash subjects that investment to market appreciation or depreciation. Currently, Vanguard funds that lend securities invest the cash collateral received in one or more Vanguard CMT Funds, which are low-cost money market funds.

The terms and the structure of the loan arrangements, as well as the aggregate amount of securities loans, must be consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules or interpretations of the SEC thereunder. These provisions limit the amount of securities a fund may lend to 33 1/3% of the fund’s total assets and require that (1) the borrower pledge and maintain with the fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government having at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities lent; (2) the borrower add to such

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collateral whenever the price of the securities lent rises (i.e., the borrower “marks to market” on a daily basis); (3) the loan be made subject to termination by the fund at any time; and (4) the fund receives reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the fund investing any cash collateral in interest-bearing short-term investments), any distribution on the lent securities, and any increase in their market value. Loan arrangements made by a fund will comply with all other applicable regulatory requirements, including the requirement to redeliver the securities within the standard settlement time applicable to the relevant trading market. The advisor will consider the creditworthiness of the borrower, among other things, in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to oversight by the board of trustees. At the present time, the SEC does not object if an investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with lent securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and approved by the investment company’s trustees. In addition, voting rights pass with the lent securities, but if a fund has knowledge that a material event will occur affecting securities on loan, and in respect to which the holder of the securities will be entitled to vote or consent, the lender must be entitled to call the loaned securities in time to vote or consent. A fund bears the risk that there may be a delay in the return of the securities, which may impair the fund’s ability to vote on such a matter.

Pursuant to Vanguard’s securities lending policy, Vanguard’s fixed income and money market funds are not permitted to, and do not, lend their investment securities.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Discussion. Discussion herein of U.S. federal income tax matters summarizes some of the important, generally applicable U.S. federal tax considerations relevant to investment in a fund based on the IRC, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authorities. These authorities are subject to change by legislative, administrative, or judicial action, possibly with retroactive effect. Each Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters discussed in this Statement of Additional Information. In some cases, a fund’s tax position may be uncertain under current tax law and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to such a position could adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including the fund’s ability to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company or to continue to pursue its current investment strategy. A shareholder should consult his or her tax professional for information regarding the particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and other taxes.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. A fund’s transactions in derivative instruments (including, but not limited to, options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements), as well as any of the fund’s hedging, short sale, securities loan, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules that accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts. For federal income tax purposes, a fund generally must recognize, as of the end of each taxable year, any net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts, as well as any gains and losses actually realized during the year. In these cases, any gain or loss recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to the holding period of the contract. Gains and losses on certain other futures contracts (primarily non-U.S. futures contracts) are not recognized until the contracts are closed and are treated as long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the contract. Sales of futures contracts that are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by a fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on one position, such as futures contracts, to the extent of any unrecognized gains on a related offsetting position held by the fund.

A fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for federal income tax purposes on futures transactions. Such distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the fund’s other investments, and shareholders will be advised on the nature of the distributions.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Currency Transactions. Special rules generally govern the federal income tax treatment of a fund’s transactions in the following: non-U.S. currencies; non-U.S. currency-denominated debt obligations; and certain non-U.S. currency options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments. Accordingly, if a fund engages in these types of transactions it may have ordinary income or loss to the extent that such

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income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned. Such ordinary income could accelerate fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any ordinary loss so created will generally reduce ordinary income distributions and, in some cases, could require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Net ordinary losses cannot be carried forward by the fund to offset income or gains realized in subsequent taxable years.

Any gain or loss attributable to the non-U.S. currency component of a transaction engaged in by a fund that is not subject to these special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will generally be treated as a capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction.

To the extent a fund engages in non-U.S. currency hedging, the fund may elect or be required to apply other rules that could affect the character, timing, or amount of the fund’s gains and losses. For more information, see “Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions.”

Tax Matters—Foreign Tax Credit. Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and interest paid with respect to foreign securities held by a fund. Foreign governments may also impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If, at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund’s total assets are invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through to shareholders the ability to deduct or, if they meet certain holding period requirements, take a credit for foreign taxes paid by the fund. Similarly, if at the close of each quarter of a fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consist of interests in other regulated investment companies, the fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders the foreign income taxes paid by the fund in connection with foreign securities held directly by the fund or held by a regulated investment company in which the fund invests that has elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders.

Tax Matters—Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Each Fund (other than Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund) may invest in passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). A foreign company is generally a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income is passive or if 50% or more of its assets produce passive income. Capital gains on the sale of an interest in a PFIC will be deemed ordinary income regardless of how long the Fund held it. Also, a Fund may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned in respect to PFIC interests, whether or not such amounts are distributed to shareholders. To avoid such tax and interest, a Fund may elect to “mark to market” its PFIC interests, that is, to treat such interests as sold on the last day of the Fund’s fiscal year, and to recognize any unrealized gains (or losses, to the extent of previously recognized gains) as ordinary income each year. Distributions from a Fund that are attributable to income or gains earned in respect to PFIC interests are characterized as ordinary income.

Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. If a fund invests directly or indirectly, including through a REIT or other pass-through entity, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs), a portion of the fund’s income that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (such portion referred to in the IRC as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events—including potentially at the fund level—under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and U.S. Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a registered investment company will be allocated to shareholders of the registered investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (1) cannot be offset by net operation losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (2) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity, which otherwise might not be required, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (3) in the case of a non-U.S. investor, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the IRC. As a result, a fund investing in such interests may not be suitable for charitable remainder trusts. See “Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors.”

Tax Matters—Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors. U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments made by non-U.S. investors in Vanguard funds. Certain properly reported distributions of qualifying interest income or short-term capital gain made by a fund to its non-U.S. investors are exempt from U.S. withholding taxes, provided the investors furnish valid tax documentation (i.e., IRS Form W-8) certifying as to their non-U.S. status.

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A fund is permitted, but is not required, to report any of its distributions as eligible for such relief, and some distributions (e.g., distributions of interest a fund receives from non-U.S. issuers) are not eligible for this relief. For some funds, Vanguard has chosen to report qualifying distributions and apply the withholding exemption to those distributions when made to non-U.S. shareholders who invest directly with Vanguard. For other funds, Vanguard may choose not to apply the withholding exemption to qualifying fund distributions made to direct shareholders, but may provide the reporting to such shareholders. In these cases, a shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax directly from the IRS.

If shareholders hold fund shares (including ETF shares) through a broker or intermediary, their broker or intermediary may apply this relief to properly reported qualifying distributions made to shareholders with respect to those shares. If a shareholder’s broker or intermediary instead collects withholding tax where the fund has provided the proper reporting, the shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax from the IRS. Please consult your broker or intermediary regarding the application of these rules.

This relief does not apply to any withholding required under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which generally requires a fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on fund distributions and on the proceeds of the sale, redemption, or exchange of fund shares. Please consult your tax advisor for more information about these rules.

Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors. Income of a fund that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the fund. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a fund if shares in the fund constitute debt- financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. See “Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits.”

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts that invest in a fund that invests directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Charitable remainder trusts and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a fund.

Time Deposits. Time deposits are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers of money market instruments, most notably credit risk (and, to a lesser extent, income risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign branches of foreign banks may be subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, time deposits of such issuers will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Vanguard fund invests and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for the fund.

Warrants. Warrants are instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield in which payment and delivery take place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. When purchasing securities pursuant to one of these transactions, payment for the securities is not required until the delivery date. However, the purchaser assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risks of price and yield fluctuations and the risk that the security will not be issued as anticipated. When a fund has sold a security pursuant to one of these transactions, the fund does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss. A fund may renegotiate a when-issued or forward-commitment transaction and may sell the underlying securities before delivery, which may result in

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capital gains or losses for the fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the fund, if the fund covers the transaction in accordance with the requirements described under the heading “Borrowing.”

Regulatory restrictions in India. Shares of Vanguard International Growth Fund, Vanguard Global Wellington Fund, and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, have not been, and will not be, registered under the laws of India and are not intended to benefit from any laws in India promulgated for the protection of shareholders. As a result of regulatory requirements in India, shares of each Fund shall not be knowingly offered to (directly or indirectly) or sold or delivered to (within India); transferred to or purchased by; or held by, for, on the account of, or for the benefit of (i) a “person resident in India” (as defined under applicable Indian law), (ii) an “overseas corporate body” or a “person of Indian origin” (as defined under applicable Indian law), or (iii) any other entity or person disqualified or otherwise prohibited from accessing the Indian securities market under applicable laws, as may be amended from time to time. Investors, prior to purchasing shares of each Fund, must satisfy themselves regarding compliance with these requirements.

SHARE PRICE

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, called its net asset value, or NAV, that is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the Exchange is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

The Exchange typically observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day. Although each Fund expects the same holidays to be observed in the future, the Exchange may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.

PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES

Purchase of Shares (Other than ETF Shares)

The purchase price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the purchase request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

For non-ETF purchases, the Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund charges a 0.50% purchase fee. The purchase fee is paid to the Fund to reimburse it for the transaction costs incurred from purchasing securities. The fee is deducted from all purchases, including exchanges from other Vanguard funds. Information regarding the application of purchase fees is described more fully in the Fund’s prospectus.

Exchange of Securities for Shares of a Fund. Shares of a Fund may be purchased “in kind” (i.e., in exchange for securities, rather than for cash) at the discretion of the Fund’s portfolio manager. Such securities must not be restricted as to transfer and must have a value that is readily ascertainable. Securities accepted by the Fund will be valued, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus, as of the time of the next determination of NAV after such acceptance. All dividend, subscription, or other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the Fund by the investor upon receipt from the issuer. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, depending upon the cost of the securities tendered, would be realized by the investor upon the exchange. Investors interested in purchasing Fund shares in kind should contact Vanguard.

Redemption of Shares (Other than ETF Shares)

The redemption price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Each Fund can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, each Fund can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days (1) during any

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period that the Exchange is closed or trading on the Exchange is restricted as determined by the SEC; (2) during any period when an emergency exists, as defined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to fairly determine the value of its assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.

The Trust has filed a notice of election with the SEC to pay in cash all redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of a Fund at the beginning of such period.

If Vanguard determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of such securities received in payment of redemptions.

The Funds do not charge redemption fees. Shares redeemed may be worth more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the securities held by the Fund.

Right to Change Policies

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time; (2) accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners, or if Vanguard reasonably believes a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred; (4) temporarily freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of the shareholder until Vanguard receives required documentation in good order; (5) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fees charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders; (6) redeem an account or suspend account privileges, without the owner’s permission to do so, in cases of threatening conduct or activity Vanguard believes to be suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard reasonably believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

Each Fund has authorized certain agents to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders, and those agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf (collectively, Authorized Agents). The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an Authorized Agent accepts the order in accordance with the Fund’s instructions. In most instances, a customer order that is properly transmitted to an Authorized Agent will be priced at the NAV per share next determined after the order is received by the Authorized Agent.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

Vanguard

Each Fund is part of the Vanguard group of investment companies, which consists of over 200 funds. Each fund is a series of a Delaware statutory trust, and through the trusts’ jointly owned subsidiary, Vanguard, the funds obtain at cost virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services. Vanguard also provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to certain Vanguard funds.

Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment. Each fund (other than a fund of funds) pays its share of Vanguard’s total expenses, which are allocated among the funds under methods approved by the board of trustees of each fund. In addition, each fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees.

The funds’ officers are also employees of Vanguard.

Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation (VMC), the funds, and the funds’ advisors have adopted codes of ethics

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designed to prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the funds (access persons) from profiting from that information. The codes of ethics permit access persons to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be held by a fund, but place substantive and procedural restrictions on the trading activities of access persons. For example, the codes of ethics require that access persons receive advance approval for most securities trades to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the funds.

Vanguard was established and operates under an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. The Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement provides that each Vanguard fund may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its net assets in Vanguard. The amounts that each fund has invested are adjusted from time to time in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each fund’s relative net assets and its contribution to Vanguard’s capital. As of August 31, 2017, each Fund (other than Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, which had not yet commenced operations) had contributed capital to Vanguard as follows:


	Capital	Percentage of	Percent of
	Contribution	Fund’s Average	Vanguard’s
Vanguard Fund	to Vanguard	Net Assets	Capitalization
U.S. Growth Fund	$496,000	0.01%	0.20%
International Growth Fund	1,899,000	0.01	0.76
FTSE Social Index Fund	211,000	0.01	0.08
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund	157,000	0.01	0.06
Consumer Staples Index Fund	289,000	0.01	0.12
Energy Index Fund	282,000	0.01	0.11
Financials Index Fund	426,000	0.01	0.17
Health Care Index Fund	494,000	0.01	0.20
Industrials Index Fund	215,000	0.01	0.09
Information Technology Index Fund	943,000	0.01	0.38
Materials Index Fund	144,000	0.01	0.06
Communication Services Index Fund	89,000	0.01	0.04
Utilities Index Fund	213,000	0.01	0.09
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund	102,000	0.01	0.04
Mega Cap Index Fund	89,000	0.01	0.04
Mega Cap Value Index Fund	117,000	0.01	0.05
Mega Cap Growth Index Fund	198,000	0.01	0.08

Management. Corporate management and administrative services include (1) executive staff, (2) accounting and financial, (3) legal and regulatory, (4) shareholder account maintenance, (5) monitoring and control of custodian relationships, (6) shareholder reporting, and (7) review and evaluation of advisory and other services provided to the funds by third parties.

Distribution. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard, is the principal underwriter for the funds and in that capacity performs and finances marketing, promotional, and distribution activities (collectively, marketing and distribution activities) that are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares. VMC offers shares of each fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with the distribution of shares of the funds. VMC performs marketing and distribution activities at cost in accordance with the conditions of a 1981 SEC exemptive order that permits the Vanguard funds to internalize and jointly finance the marketing, promotion, and distribution of their shares. The funds’ trustees review and approve the marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the funds, including the nature and cost of the activities and the desirability of each fund’s continued participation in the joint arrangement.

To ensure that each fund’s participation in the joint arrangement falls within a reasonable range of fairness, each fund contributes to VMC’s marketing and distribution expenses in accordance with an SEC-approved formula. Under that formula, one half of the marketing and distribution expenses are allocated among the funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining half of those expenses are allocated among the funds based upon each fund’s sales for the

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preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the funds as a group, provided, however, that no fund’s aggregate quarterly rate of contribution for marketing and distribution expenses shall exceed 125% of the average marketing and distribution expense rate for Vanguard and that no fund shall incur annual marketing and distribution expenses in excess of 0.20% of its average month-end net assets. Each fund’s contribution to these marketing and distribution expenses helps to maintain and enhance the attractiveness and viability of the Vanguard complex as a whole, which benefits all of the funds and their shareholders.

VMC’s principal marketing and distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional materials, and marketing personnel. Other marketing and distribution activities of an administrative nature that VMC undertakes on behalf of the funds may include, but are not limited to:

Conducting or publishing Vanguard-generated research and analysis concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
Providing views, opinions, advice, or commentary concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
Providing analytical, statistical, performance, or other information concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.
Providing administrative services in connection with investments in the funds or other investments, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services, and educational services.
Providing products or services that assist investors or financial service providers (as defined below) in the investment decision-making process.
Providing promotional discounts, commission-free trading, fee waivers, and other benefits to clients of Vanguard Brokerage Services^®who maintain qualifying investments in the funds.
Sponsoring, jointly sponsoring, financially supporting, or participating in conferences, programs, seminars, presentations, meetings, or other events involving fund shareholders, financial service providers, or others concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy, such as industry conferences, prospecting trips, due diligence visits, training or education meetings, and sales presentations.

VMC performs most marketing and distribution activities itself. Some activities may be conducted by third parties pursuant to shared marketing arrangements under which VMC agrees to share the costs and performance of marketing and distribution activities in concert with a financial service provider. Financial service providers include, but are not limited to, investment advisors, broker-dealers, financial planners, financial consultants, banks, and insurance companies. Under these cost- and performance-sharing arrangements, VMC may pay or reimburse a financial service provider (or a third party it retains) for marketing and distribution activities that VMC would otherwise perform. VMC’s cost- and performance-sharing arrangements may be established in connection with Vanguard investment products or services offered or provided to or through the financial service providers. VMC’s arrangements for shared marketing and distribution activities may vary among financial service providers, and its payments or reimbursements to financial service providers in connection with shared marketing and distribution activities may be significant. VMC participates in an offshore arrangement established with a third party to provide marketing, promotional, and other services to qualifying Vanguard funds that are distributed in certain foreign countries on a private-placement basis to government- sponsored and other institutional investors. In exchange for such services, the third party receives an annual base (fixed) fee and may also receive discretionary fees or performance adjustments.

In connection with its marketing and distribution activities, VMC may give financial service providers (or their representatives) (1) promotional items of nominal value that display Vanguard’s logo, such as golf balls, shirts, towels, pens, and mouse pads; (2) gifts that do not exceed $100 per person annually and are not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; (3) an occasional meal, a ticket to a sporting event or the theater, or comparable entertainment that is neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of propriety and is not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; and (4) reasonable travel and lodging accommodations to facilitate participation in marketing and distribution activities.

VMC, as a matter of policy, does not pay asset-based fees, sales-based fees, or account-based fees to financial service providers in connection with its marketing and distribution activities for the Vanguard funds. VMC policy also prohibits marketing and distribution activities that are intended, designed, or likely to compromise suitability determinations by, or the fulfillment of any fiduciary duties or other obligations that apply to, financial service providers. Nonetheless, VMC’s marketing and distribution activities are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares, and as such, its activities, including shared marketing and distribution activities, may influence participating financial service providers (or

B-34

their representatives) to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. In addition, Vanguard or any of its subsidiaries may retain a financial service provider to provide consulting or other services, and that financial service provider also may provide services to investors. Investors should consider the possibility that any of these activities or relationships may influence a financial service provider’s (or its representatives’) decision to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. Each financial service provider should consider its suitability determinations, duties, and other legal obligations (or those of its representatives) in connection with any decision to consider, recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class.

The following table describes the expenses of Vanguard and VMC that are incurred by the Funds on an at-cost basis. Amounts captioned “Management and Administrative Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the management, administrative, and transfer agency services Vanguard provides to the Vanguard funds. Amounts captioned “Marketing and Distribution Expenses” include a Fund‘s allocated share of expenses associated with the marketing and distribution activities that VMC conducts on behalf of the Vanguard funds.

As is the case with all mutual funds, transaction costs incurred by the Funds for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses are based on expenses incurred in the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, and are presented as a percentage of each Fund‘s average month-end net assets. Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund had not yet commenced operations and therefore had not incurred any annual shared fund operating expenses.


Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses
(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)
Vanguard Fund	2015	2016	2017
U.S. Growth Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.21%	0.19%	0.18%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
International Growth Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.18%	0.17%	0.16%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
FTSE Social Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.18%	0.16%	0.15%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.02	0.02	0.01
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.08%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Consumer Staples Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.08%	0.09%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Energy Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.08%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Financials Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.08%	0.09%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Health Care Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.08%	0.09%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Industrials Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.09%	0.09%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.02	0.01	0.01
Information Technology Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.08%	0.09%	0.09%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	less than 0.01

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Materials Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.08%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.02	0.01	0.01
Communication Services Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.08%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	0.01
Utilities Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.08%	0.09%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.02	0.01	0.01
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.05%	0.05%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	less than 0.01	less than 0.01
Mega Cap Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.05%	0.05%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	less than 0.01
Mega Cap Value Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.06%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	less than 0.01
Mega Cap Growth Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.07%	0.06%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	0.01	0.01	less than 0.01

The U.S. Growth Fund’s investment advisors may direct certain security trades, subject to obtaining the best price and execution, to brokers who have agreed to rebate to the Fund part of the commissions generated. Such rebates are used solely to reduce the Fund’s management and administrative expenses and are not reflected in these totals.

Officers and Trustees

Each Vanguard fund is governed by the board of trustees of its trust and a single set of officers. Consistent with the board’s corporate governance principles, the trustees believe that their primary responsibility is oversight of the management of each fund for the benefit of its shareholders, not day-to-day management. The trustees set broad policies for the funds; select investment advisors; monitor fund operations, regulatory compliance, performance, and costs; nominate and select new trustees; and elect fund officers. Vanguard manages the day-to-day operations of the funds under the direction of the board of trustees.

The trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the funds. The trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the funds to various groups, including portfolio review, investment management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and fund financial services. These groups provide the trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The trustees also oversee risk management for the funds through regular interactions with the funds’ internal and external auditors.

The full board participates in the funds’ risk oversight, in part, through the Vanguard funds’ compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: investment and other operations; recordkeeping; valuation and pricing; communications and disclosure; reporting and accounting; oversight of service providers; fund governance; and codes of ethics, insider trading controls, and protection of nonpublic information. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the funds. The funds’ chief compliance officer regularly provides reports to the board in writing and in person.

The audit committee of the board, which is composed of JoAnn Heffernan Heisen, F. Joseph Loughrey, Mark Loughridge, Sarah Bloom Raskin, and Peter F. Volanakis, each of whom is an independent trustee, oversees management of financial risks and controls. The audit committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the funds and the board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Vanguard’s head of internal audit reports directly to the audit committee and provides reports to the committee in writing and in person on a regular basis. Although the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the entire board is regularly informed of these

B-36

risks through committee reports.

All of the trustees bring to each fund’s board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives (in many cases chief executive officers), board members, and leaders of diverse public operating companies, academic institutions, and other organizations. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a trustee of the funds, the board considers a wide variety of information about the trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the board’s decision. Each trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the funds and their shareholders because each trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the board. The board also considers the individual experience of each trustee and determines that the trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the board. The business acumen, experience, and objective thinking of the trustees are considered invaluable assets for Vanguard management and, ultimately, the Vanguard funds’ shareholders. The specific roles and experience of each board member that factor into this determination are presented on the following pages. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482.


			Principal Occupation(s)	Number of
		Vanguard	During the Past Five	Vanguard Funds
	Position(s)	Funds’ Trustee/	Years, Outside Directorships,	Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth	Held With Funds	Officer Since	and Other Experience	Trustee/Officer
Interested Trustees¹
F. William McNabb III	Chairman of the	July 2009	Chairman of the board (January 2010–present)	208
(1957)	Board		of Vanguard and of each of the investment
			companies served by Vanguard, trustee (2009–
			present) of each of the investment companies
			served by Vanguard, and director (2008–
			present) of Vanguard. Chief executive officer and
			president (2008–2017) of Vanguard and each of
			the investment companies served by Vanguard,
			managing director (1995–2008) of Vanguard,
			and director (1997–2018) of Vanguard Marketing
			Corporation. Director (2018–present) of
			UnitedHealth Group.



Mortimer J. Buckley	Chief Executive	January 2018	Chief executive officer (January 2018–present)	208
(1969)	Officer and		of Vanguard; chief executive officer, president,
	President		and trustee (January 2018–present) of each of
			the investment companies served by Vanguard;
			president and director (2017–present) of
			Vanguard; and president (February 2018–
			present) of Vanguard Marketing Corporation.
			Chief investment officer (2013–2017), managing
			director (2002–2017), head of the Retail
			Investor Group (2006–2012), and chief
			information officer (2001–2006) of Vanguard.
			Chairman of the board (2011–2017) of the
			Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.


1 Mr. McNabb and Mr. Buckley are considered “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because they are officers of the Trust.

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			Principal Occupation(s)	Number of
		Vanguard	During the Past Five Vanguard Funds
	Position(s)	Funds’ Trustee/	Years, Outside Directorships,	Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth	Held With Funds	Officer Since	and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
Independent Trustees
Emerson U. Fullwood	Trustee	January 2008	Executive chief staff and marketing officer for North
			America and corporate vice president (retired 2008) of	208
(1948)			Xerox Corporation (document management products
			and services). Former president of the Worldwide
			Channels Group, Latin America, and Worldwide
			Customer Service and executive chief staff officer of
			Developing Markets of Xerox. Executive in residence
			and 2009–2010 Distinguished Minett Professor at the
			Rochester Institute of Technology. Lead director of
			SPX FLOW, Inc. (multi-industry manufacturing).
			Director of the University of Rochester Medical Center,
			the Monroe Community College Foundation, the United
			Way of Rochester, North Carolina A&T University, and
			Roberts Wesleyan College. Trustee of the University of
			Rochester.

Amy Gutmann	Trustee	June 2006	President (2004–present) of the University of	208
(1949)			Pennsylvania. Christopher H. Browne Distinguished
			Professor of Political Science, School of Arts and
			Sciences, and professor of communication,
			Annenberg School for Communication, with secondary
			faculty appointments in the Department of Philosophy,
			School of Arts and Sciences, and at the Graduate
			School of Education, University of Pennsylvania.
			Trustee of the National Constitution Center.

JoAnn Heffernan Heisen	Trustee	July 1998	Corporate vice president of Johnson & Johnson	208
(1950)			(pharmaceuticals/medical devices/consumer products)
			and member of its executive committee (1997–2008).
			Chief global diversity officer (retired 2008), vice
			president and chief information officer (1997–2006),
			controller (1995–1997), treasurer (1991–1995), and
			assistant treasurer (1989–1991) of Johnson &
			Johnson. Director of Skytop Lodge Corporation
			(hotels) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
			Member of the advisory board of the Institute for
			Women’s Leadership at Rutgers University.


F. Joseph Loughrey	Trustee	October 2009		208
(1949)
			President and chief operating officer (retired 2009) and vice
			Hillenbrand, Inc. (specialized consumer services),
			Oxfam America, and the Lumina Foundation for
			Education. Director of the V Foundation for Cancer
			Research. Member of the advisory council for the
			College of Arts and Letters and chair of the advisory
			board to the Kellogg Institute for International Studies,
			both at the University of Notre Dame.


Mark Loughridge	Lead Independent	March 2012	Senior vice president and chief financial officer (retired	208
(1953)	Trustee		2013) of IBM (information technology services).
			Fiduciary member of IBM’s Retirement Plan
			Committee (2004–2013), senior vice president and
			general manager (2002–2004) of IBM Global
			Financing, vice president and controller (1998–2002) of
			IBM, and a variety of other prior management roles at
			IBM. Member of the Council on Chicago Booth.

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				Number of
			Principal Occupation(s)	Vanguard
		Vanguard	During the Past Five	Funds
	Position(s)	Funds’ Trustee/	Years, Outside Directorships,	Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth	Held With Funds	Officer Since	and Other Experience Trustee/Officer

Scott C. Malpass	Trustee	March 2012	Chief investment officer (1989–present) and vice	208
(1962)			president (1996–present) of the University of Notre
			Dame. Assistant professor of finance at the Mendoza
			College of Business, University of Notre Dame, and
			member of the Notre Dame 403(b) Investment
			Committee. Chairman of the board of TIFF Advisory
			Services, Inc. Member of the board of Catholic
			Investment Services, Inc. (investment advisors), the
			board of advisors for Spruceview Capital Partners, and
			the board of superintendence of the Institute for the
			Works of Religion.


Deanna Mulligan	Trustee	January 2018	President (2010–present) and chief executive officer	208
(1963)			(2011–present) of The Guardian Life Insurance
			Company of America.²Chief operating officer (2010–
			2011) and executive vice president (2008–2010) of
			Individual Life and Disability of The Guardian Life
			Insurance Company of America. Member of the board
			of The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America,
			the American Council of Life Insurers, the Partnership
			for New York City (business leadership), and the
			Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy.
			Trustee of the Economic Club of New York and the
			Bruce Museum (arts and science). Member of the
			Advisory Council for the Stanford Graduate School of
			Business.

André F. Perold	Trustee	December 2004	George Gund Professor of Finance and Banking,	208
(1952)			Emeritus at the Harvard Business School (retired
			2011). Chief investment officer and co-managing
			partner of HighVista Strategies LLC (private
			investment firm). Overseer of the Museum of Fine
			Arts Boston.

Sarah Bloom Raskin	Trustee	January 2018		208
(1961)			Deputy secretary (2014–2017) of the United States
			Department of the Treasury. Governor (2010–2014) of
			the Federal Reserve Board. Commissioner (2007–
			2010) of financial regulation for the State of Maryland.
			Member of the board of directors (2012–2014) of
			Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation. Director of
			i(x) Investments, LLC.

Peter F. Volanakis	Trustee	July 2009	President and chief operating officer (retired 2010) of	208
(1955)			Corning Incorporated (communications equipment)
			and director of Corning Incorporated (2000–2010) and
			Dow Corning (2001–2010). Director (2012) of SPX
			Corporation (multi-industry manufacturing). Overseer
			of the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration,
			Dartmouth College (2001–2013). Chairman of the
			board of trustees of Colby-Sawyer College. Member of
			the Board of Hypertherm Inc. (industrial cutting
			systems, software, and consumables).


2 Guardian Life provides group insurance and administrative services for employee benefits such as group life, dental, vision, and disability coverage
to two advisors, each of which manages one or more of the Vanguard funds. Amounts paid by these advisors to Guardian Life for such insurance
and services were less than 0.006% of Guardian Life’s premium revenues in each of 2015 and 2016. Park Avenue Securities (PAS) is an indirect,
wholly owned subsidiary of Guardian Life and a dually registered broker-dealer and investment advisor. From time to time, PAS receives payments
related to the sale of certain non-Vanguard mutual funds advised by firms that also advise certain Vanguard funds. In 2016, these payments
amounted to less than 0.15% of PAS’ revenues and PAS’ earnings comprised less than 1% of Guardian Life’s pre-tax earnings. Deanna Mulligan is
not an officer or director of PAS.

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				Number of
			Principal Occupation(s)	Vanguard
	Position(s)	Vanguard	During the Past Five	Funds
	Held With	Funds’ Trustee/	Years, Outside Directorships,	Overseen by
Name, Year of Birth	Funds	Officer Since	and Other Experience Trustee/Officer
Glenn Booraem	Investment	February 2001	Principal of Vanguard. Investment stewardship officer	208
(1967)	Stewardship		(2017–present), treasurer (2015–2017), controller
	Officer		(2010–2015), and assistant controller (2001–2010) of
			each of the investment companies served by Vanguard.


Christine M. Buchanan	Treasurer	November 2017	Principal of Vanguard and global head of Fund	208
(1970)			Administration at Vanguard. Treasurer (2017–present)
			of each of the investment companies served by
			Vanguard. Partner (2005–2017) at KPMG LLP (audit,
			tax, and advisory services).

Brian Dvorak	Chief	June 2017	Principal of Vanguard. Chief compliance officer	208
(1973)	Officer		present) of Vanguard and of each of the investment
			companies served by Vanguard. Assistant vice
			president (2017–present) of Vanguard Marketing
			Corporation. Vice president and director of Enterprise
			Risk Management (2011–2013) at Oppenheimer
			Inc.

Thomas J. Higgins	Chief Financial	July 1998	Principal of Vanguard. Chief financial officer (2008–	208
(1957)	Officer		present) and treasurer (1998–2008) of each of the
			investment companies served by Vanguard.


Peter Mahoney	Controller	May 2015	Principal of Vanguard. Controller (2015–present) of	208
(1974)			each of the investment companies served by
			Vanguard. Head of International Fund Services
			2014) at Vanguard.

Anne E. Robinson	Secretary	September 2016	General counsel (2016–present) of Vanguard.	208
(1970)			Secretary (2016–present) of Vanguard and of each of
			the investment companies served by Vanguard.
			Managing director (2016–present) of Vanguard.
			Director and senior vice president (2016–2018) of
			Vanguard Marketing Corporation. Managing director
			and general counsel of Global Cards and Consumer
			Services (2014–2016) at Citigroup. Counsel (2003–
			2014) at American Express.

Michael Rollings	Finance	February 2017	Finance director (2017–present) and treasurer (2017)	208
(1963)			each of the investment companies served by
			Vanguard. Managing director (2016–present) of
			Vanguard. Chief financial officer (2016–present) of
			Vanguard. Director (2016–present) of Vanguard
			Marketing Corporation. Executive vice president and
			chief financial officer (2006–2016) of MassMutual
			Financial Group.



All but two of the trustees are independent. The independent trustees designate a lead independent trustee and appoint
the chairman of the board. The lead independent trustee is a spokesperson and principal point of contact for the
independent trustees and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the independent trustees, including calling
regular executive sessions of the independent trustees; developing the agenda of each meeting together with the
chairman; and chairing the meetings of the independent trustees. The lead independent trustee also chairs the meetings
of the audit, compensation, and nominating committees. The board also has two investment committees, which consist
of independent trustees and the interested trustees.

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Board Committees: The Trust‘s board has the following committees:

Audit Committee: This committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting policies, the systems of internal controls, and the independent audits of each fund. The following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Ms. Heisen, Mr. Loughrey, Mr. Loughridge, Ms. Raskin, and Mr. Volanakis. The committee held six meetings during each Fund’s fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Compensation Committee: This committee oversees the compensation programs established by each fund for the benefit of its trustees. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held two meetings during each Fund’s fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Investment Committees: These committees assist the board in its oversight of investment advisors to the funds and in the review and evaluation of materials relating to the board’s consideration of investment advisory agreements with the funds. Each trustee serves on one of two investment committees. Each investment committee held three meetings during each Fund’s fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
Nominating Committee: This committee nominates candidates for election to the board of trustees of each fund. The committee also has the authority to recommend the removal of any trustee. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held four meetings during each Fund’s fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.
The Nominating Committee will consider shareholder recommendations for trustee nominees. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Loughridge, chairman of the committee.

Trustee Compensation

The same individuals serve as trustees of all Vanguard funds and each fund pays a proportionate share of the trustees’ compensation. Vanguard funds also employ their officers on a shared basis; however, officers are compensated by Vanguard, not the funds.

Independent Trustees. The funds compensate their independent trustees (i.e., the ones who are not also officers of the funds) in three ways:

The independent trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the funds, which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled board meetings.
The independent trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that they incur in attending board meetings.
Upon retirement (after attaining age 65 and completing five years of service), the independent trustees who began their service prior to January 1, 2001, receive a retirement benefit under a separate account arrangement. As of January 1, 2001, the opening balance of each eligible trustee’s separate account was generally equal to the net present value of the benefits he or she had accrued under the trustees’ former retirement plan. Each eligible trustee’s separate account will be credited annually with interest at a rate of 7.5% until the trustee receives his or her final distribution. Those independent trustees who began their service on or after January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the plan.

“Interested” Trustees. Mr. McNabb and Mr. Buckley serve as trustees, but are not paid in this capacity. They are, however, paid in their roles as officers of Vanguard.

Compensation Table. The following table provides compensation details for each of the trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation and accrued as retirement benefits by the Funds for each trustee. In addition, the table shows the total amount of benefits that we expect each trustee to receive from all Vanguard funds upon retirement and the total amount of compensation paid to each trustee by all Vanguard funds.

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		VANGUARD WORLD FUND TRUSTEES’ COMPENSATION TABLE

			Pension or Retirement	Accrued Annual	Total Compensation
		Aggregate	Benefits Accrued	Retirement	From All Vanguard
		Compensation	as Part of the	Benefit at	Funds Paid
Trustee		From the Funds¹	Funds’ Expenses¹	January 1, 2018²	to Trustees³
F. William McNabb III		—	—	—	—
Mortimer J. Buckley⁴		—	—	—	—
Emerson U. Fullwood		$11,759	—	—	$xx
Rajiv L. Gupta⁵		12,651	—	—	xx
Amy Gutmann		11,759	—	—	xx
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen		12,723	$159	$xx	xx
F. Joseph Loughrey		12,723	—	—	xx
Mark Loughridge		14,267	—	—	xx
Scott C. Malpass		11,759	—	—	xx
Deanna Mulligan⁴		—	—	—	—
André F. Perold		11,759	—	—	xx
Sarah Bloom Raskin⁴		—	—	—	—
Peter F. Volanakis		12,723	—	—	xx
1	The amounts shown in this column are based on the Trust‘s fiscal year ended August 31, 2017. Each Fund within the Trust is
	responsible for a proportionate share of these amounts. Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund
	did not commence operations until November 2, 2017.
2	Each trustee is eligible to receive retirement benefits only after completing at least 5 years (60 consecutive months) of service as a
	trustee for the Vanguard funds. The annual retirement benefit will be paid in monthly installments, beginning with the month following the
	trustee’s retirement from service, and will cease after 10 years of payments (120 monthly installments). Trustees who began their service
	on or after January 1, 2001, are not eligible to participate in the retirement benefit plan.
3	The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to each trustee for his or her service as trustee of 201
	Vanguard funds for the 2017 calendar year.
4	Mr. Buckley, Ms. Mulligan, and Ms. Raskin became members of the Funds’ board effective January 1, 2018.
5	Mr. Gupta retired from the Funds’ board effective December 31, 2017.

Ownership of Fund Shares

All current trustees (including Mr. Buckley, Ms. Mulligan, and Ms. Raskin, who began service as trustees effective January 1, 2018) allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own investment needs. The following table shows each trustee’s ownership of shares of each Fund and of all Vanguard funds served by the trustee as of December 31, 2017. xx

As of xx, 2018, the trustees and officers of the funds owned, in the aggregate, less than 1% of each class of each fund’s outstanding shares.

As of xx, 2018, the following owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class (other than ETF Shares): xx

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures

Introduction

Vanguard and the boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds (Boards) have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures (Policies and Procedures) to govern the disclosure of the portfolio holdings of each Vanguard fund. Vanguard and the Boards considered each of the circumstances under which Vanguard fund portfolio holdings may be disclosed to different categories of persons under the Policies and Procedures. Vanguard and the Boards also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the fund’s investment advisor, distributor, or any affiliated person of the fund, its investment advisor, or its distributor, on the other. After giving due consideration to such matters and after the exercise of their fiduciary duties and reasonable business judgment, Vanguard and the Boards determined that the Vanguard funds have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to the persons described in each of the circumstances set forth in the Policies and Procedures and that the Policies and Procedures are reasonably

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designed to ensure that disclosure of portfolio holdings and information about portfolio holdings is in the best interests of fund shareholders and appropriately addresses the potential for material conflicts of interest.

The Boards exercise continuing oversight of the disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Policies and Procedures, the Code of Ethics, and the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information (collectively, the portfolio holdings governing policies) by the chief compliance officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds; (2) considering reports and recommendations by the chief compliance officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) that may arise in connection with any portfolio holdings governing policies; and (3) considering whether to approve or ratify any amendment to any portfolio holdings governing policies. Vanguard and the Boards reserve the right to amend the Policies and Procedures at any time and from time to time without prior notice at their sole discretion. For purposes of the Policies and Procedures, the term “portfolio holdings” means the equity and debt securities (e.g., stocks and bonds) held by a Vanguard fund and does not mean the cash investments, derivatives, and other investment positions (collectively, other investment positions) held by the fund.

Online Disclosure of Ten Largest Stock Holdings

Each actively managed Vanguard fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter (quarter-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund’s total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. In addition, Vanguard funds generally will seek to disclose the fund’s ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the aggregate percentage of the fund’s total assets (and, for balanced funds, the aggregate percentage of the fund’s equity securities) that these holdings represent as of the end of the most recent month (month- end ten largest stock holdings) online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 10 business days after the end of the month. Together, the quarter-end and month-end ten largest stock holdings are referred to as the ten largest stock holdings. Online disclosure of the ten largest stock holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons.

Online Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings

Each actively managed Vanguard fund, unless otherwise stated, generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard fund relying on exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) permitting the operation of actively-managed ETFs generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at vanguard.com in the “Portfolio” section of the Funds’ Portfolio & Management page. In accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, each of the Vanguard money market funds will disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, no later than the fifth business day of the current month. The complete portfolio holdings information for money market funds will remain available online for at least six months after the initial posting. Vanguard Market Neutral Fund and Vanguard Alternative Strategies Fund generally will seek to disclose the Fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the Fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 60 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month online at vanguard.com, in the “Portfolio” section of the fund’s Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. Online disclosure of complete portfolio holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons. Vanguard will review complete portfolio holdings before disclosure is made and, except with respect to the complete portfolio holdings of the Vanguard money market funds, may withhold any portion of the fund’s complete portfolio holdings from disclosure when deemed to be in the best interests of the fund after consultation with a Vanguard fund’s investment advisor.

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Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Service Providers Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard, for legitimate business purposes, may disclose Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings at times it deems necessary and appropriate to rating and ranking organizations; financial printers; proxy voting service providers; pricing information vendors; issuers of guaranteed investment contracts for stable value portfolios; third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services; and other third parties that provide services (collectively, Service Providers) to Vanguard, Vanguard subsidiaries, and/or the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider is conditioned on the Service Provider being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed to a Service Provider, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the Service Provider, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to a Service Provider varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings by Vanguard to a Service Provider must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department or Legal and Compliance Division. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Service Providers as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Abel/Noser Corporation; Advisor Software, Inc.; Alcom Printing Group Inc.; Apple Press, L.C.; Bloomberg L.P.; Brilliant Graphics, Inc.; Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.; Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; Canon Business Process Services; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Innovation Printing & Communications; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Intelligencer Printing Company; Investment Technology Group, Inc.; Lipper, Inc.; Markit WSO Corporation; McMunn Associates Inc.; Reuters America Inc.; R.R. Donnelley, Inc.; State Street Bank and Trust Company; Trade Informatics LLC; Triune Color Corporation; and Tursack Printing Inc.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Vanguard Affiliates and Certain Fiduciaries Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among the following persons (collectively, Affiliates and Fiduciaries) for legitimate business purposes within the scope of their official duties and responsibilities, subject to such persons’ continuing legal duty of confidentiality and legal duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information, as such duties are imposed under the Code of Ethics, the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information, by agreement, or under applicable laws, rules, and regulations: (1) persons who are subject to the Code of Ethics or the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information; (2) an investment advisor, distributor, administrator, transfer agent, or custodian to a Vanguard fund; (3) an accounting firm, an auditing firm, or outside legal counsel retained by Vanguard, a Vanguard subsidiary, or a Vanguard fund; (4) an investment advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed for due diligence purposes when the advisor is in merger or acquisition talks with a Vanguard fund’s current advisor; and (5) a newly hired investment advisor or sub-advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed prior to the time it commences its duties.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed between and among the Affiliates and Fiduciaries, is determined by such Affiliates and Fiduciaries based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to any Affiliates and Fiduciaries as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund to Affiliates and Fiduciaries must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Affiliates and Fiduciaries as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Vanguard and each investment advisor, custodian, and independent registered public accounting firm identified in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

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Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings to Broker-Dealers in the Normal Course of Managing a Fund’s Assets

An investment advisor, administrator, or custodian for a Vanguard fund may, for legitimate business purposes within the scope of its official duties and responsibilities, disclose portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up the fund to one or more broker-dealers during the course of, or in connection with, normal day-to-day securities and derivatives transactions with or through such broker-dealers subject to the broker-dealer’s legal obligation not to use or disclose material nonpublic information concerning the fund’s portfolio holdings, other investment positions, securities transactions, or derivatives transactions without the consent of the fund or its agents. The Vanguard funds have not given their consent to any such use or disclosure and no person or agent of Vanguard is authorized to give such consent except as approved in writing by the Boards of the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard to broker-dealers must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Disclosure of Nonmaterial Information

The Policies and Procedures permit Vanguard fund officers, Vanguard fund portfolio managers, and other Vanguard representatives (collectively, Approved Vanguard Representatives) to disclose any views, opinions, judgments, advice, or commentary, or any analytical, statistical, performance, or other information, in connection with or relating to a Vanguard fund or its portfolio holdings and/or other investment positions (collectively, commentary and analysis) or any changes in the portfolio holdings of a Vanguard fund that occurred after the end of the most recent calendar quarter (recent portfolio changes) to any person if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose, (2) such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings of any Vanguard fund (which can be disclosed only in accordance with the Policies and Procedures), and (3) such information does not constitute material nonpublic information. Disclosure of commentary and analysis or recent portfolio changes by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

An Approved Vanguard Representative must make a good faith determination whether the information constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases recent portfolio changes that involve a few or even several securities in a diversified portfolio or commentary and analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making an investment decision concerning a Vanguard fund. Nonexclusive examples of commentary and analysis about a Vanguard fund include (1) the allocation of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries; (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (3) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country; and (4) the volatility characteristics of the fund. Approved Vanguard Representatives may, at their sole discretion, deny any request for information made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Approved Vanguard Representatives include, for purposes of the Policies and Procedures, persons employed by or associated with Vanguard or a subsidiary of Vanguard who have been authorized by Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department to disclose recent portfolio changes and/or commentary and analysis in accordance with the Policies and Procedures.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings, Including Other Investment Positions, in Accordance with SEC Exemptive Orders

Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit may disclose to the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), Authorized Participants, and other market makers the daily portfolio composition files (PCFs) that identify a basket of specified securities that may overlap with the actual or expected portfolio holdings of the Vanguard funds that offer a class of shares known as Vanguard ETF Shares (ETF Funds). Each Vanguard fund relying on exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the operation of actively-managed ETFs generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at vanguard.com in the “Portfolio” section of the Funds’ Portfolio & Management page. The disclosure of PCFs and portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be in accordance with the terms and conditions of related exemptive orders (Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders) issued by the SEC, as described in this section.

Unlike the conventional classes of shares issued by ETF Funds, the ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Each ETF Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as “Creation Units.” To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, an investor must be an “Authorized Participant” or the investor must purchase or redeem through a broker-dealer that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a “Participant Agreement” with Vanguard Marketing Corporation. Each ETF Fund issues Creation Units in exchange for a “portfolio deposit” consisting of a basket of specified securities (Deposit Securities) and a cash payment (Balancing Amount). Each ETF Fund also redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of specified securities together with

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a Balancing Amount.

In connection with the creation and redemption process, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders, Vanguard makes available to the NSCC (a clearing agency registered with the SEC and affiliated with the DTC), for dissemination to NSCC participants on each business day prior to the opening of trading on the listing exchange, a PCF containing a list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security for each ETF Fund. In addition, the listing exchange disseminates (1) continuously throughout the trading day, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, the market value of an ETF Share; and (2) every 15 seconds throughout the trading day, a calculation of the estimated NAV of an ETF Share (expected to be accurate to within a few basis points). Comparing these two figures allows an investor to determine whether, and to what extent, ETF Shares are selling at a premium or at a discount to NAV. ETF Shares are listed on the exchange and traded on the secondary market in the same manner as other equity securities. The price of ETF Shares trading on the secondary market is based on a current bid/offer market.

In addition to making PCFs available to the NSCC, as previously described, Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit may disclose the PCF for any ETF Fund to any person, or online at vanguard.com to all categories of persons, if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose and (2) such disclosure does not constitute material nonpublic information. Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit must make a good faith determination whether the PCF for any ETF Fund constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases the PCF for any ETF Fund would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to the recipient in making an investment decision concerning the ETF Fund, if sufficient time has passed between the date of the PCF and the date on which the PCF is disclosed. Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit may, at its sole discretion, determine whether to deny any request for the PCF for any ETF Fund made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Disclosure of a PCF must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Related Information to the Issuer of a Security for Legitimate Business Purposes

Vanguard, at its sole discretion, may disclose portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security if the issuer presents, to the satisfaction of Vanguard’s Fund Financial Services unit, convincing evidence that the issuer has a legitimate business purpose for such information. Disclosure of this information to an issuer is conditioned on the issuer being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information. The frequency with which portfolio holdings information concerning a security may be disclosed to the issuer of such security, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the issuer, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to an issuer cannot be determined in advance of a specific request and will vary based upon the particular facts and circumstances and the legitimate business purposes, but in unusual situations could be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department or Legal and Compliance Division.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings as Required by Applicable Law

Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up a fund shall be disclosed to any person as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Examples of such required disclosure include, but are not limited to, disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (1) in a filing or submission with the SEC or another regulatory body, (2) in connection with seeking recovery on defaulted bonds in a federal bankruptcy case, (3) in connection with a lawsuit, or (4) as required by court order. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation, or a Vanguard fund as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Prohibitions on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

No person is authorized to disclose Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions (whether online at vanguard.com, in writing, by fax, by email, orally, or by other means) except in accordance with the Policies and Procedures. In addition, no person is authorized to make disclosure pursuant to the Policies and Procedures if such disclosure is otherwise unlawful under the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). Furthermore, Vanguard’s management, at its sole discretion, may determine not to disclose

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portfolio holdings or other investment positions that make up a Vanguard fund to any person who would otherwise be eligible to receive such information under the Policies and Procedures, or may determine to make such disclosures publicly as provided by the Policies and Procedures.

Prohibitions on Receipt of Compensation or Other Consideration

The Policies and Procedures prohibit a Vanguard fund, its investment advisor, and any other person or entity from paying or receiving any compensation or other consideration of any type for the purpose of obtaining disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions. “Consideration” includes any agreement to maintain assets in the fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the investment advisor or by any affiliated person of the investment advisor.

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES

The Trust currently uses seven investment advisors:

· Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund and for a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund.

· Jackson Square Partners, LLC (Jackson Square) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

· Jennison Associates LLC (Jennison) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

· Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund.

· Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) provides investment advisory services for

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund, Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, and a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

· William Blair Investment Management, LLC (William Blair) provides investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

·Vanguard provides investment advisory services to Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund, Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, and Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds.

M&G Investment Management Limited provided investment advisory services for a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund from 2008 to July 2016.

For funds that are advised by independent third-party advisory firms unaffiliated with Vanguard, the board of trustees of each fund hires investment advisory firms, not individual portfolio managers, to provide investment advisory services to such funds. Vanguard negotiates each advisory agreement, which contains advisory fee arrangements, on an arm’s length basis with the advisory firm. Each advisory agreement is reviewed annually by each fund’s board of trustees, taking into account numerous factors, which include, without limitation, the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided; investment performance; and the fair market value of the services provided. Each advisory agreement is between the Trust and the advisory firm, not between the Trust and the portfolio manager. The structure of the advisory fee paid to each unaffiliated investment advisory firm is described in the following sections. In addition, each firm has established policies and procedures designed to address the potential for conflicts of interest. Each firm’s compensation structure and management of potential conflicts of interest are summarized by the advisory firm in the following sections for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.

A fund is a party to an investment advisory agreement with each of its independent third-party advisors whereby the advisor manages the investment and reinvestment of the portion of the fund’s assets that the fund’s board of trustees determines to assign to the advisor. In this capacity, each advisor continuously reviews, supervises, and administers the investment program for its portion of the fund’s assets. Hereafter, each portion will be referred to as the advisor’s Portfolio. Each advisor discharges its responsibilities subject to the supervision and oversight of Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department and the officers and trustees of the fund. Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department is responsible for recommending changes in a fund’s advisory arrangements to the fund’s board of trustees, including changes in the amount of assets allocated to each advisor, and recommendations to hire, terminate, or replace an advisor.

I. Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

The Fund pays each of its investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent

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fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the Russell 1000 Growth Index (the S&P 500 Index for Baillie Gifford) over the preceding 36-month period (60-month period for William Blair).

During the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees of approximately $11,031,000 (before a performance-based increase of $1,795,000), $11,782,000 (before a performance-based increase of $1,162,000), and $12,311,000 (before a performance-based decrease of $553,000), respectively.

A. Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford)

Baillie Gifford is an investment advisory firm founded in 1983. Baillie Gifford is wholly owned by a Scottish investment company, Baillie Gifford & Co. Founded in 1908, Baillie Gifford & Co., one of the largest independently owned investment management firms in the United Kingdom, manages money primarily for institutional clients.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Gary Robinson co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Robinson also managed 1 other registered investment company with total assets of $1 million, 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.2 billion, and 2 other accounts with total assets of $458 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Tom Slater co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Slater also managed 2 other registered investment companies with total assets of $175 million, 8 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $13.6 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 65 other accounts with total assets of $31 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 7 of these accounts with total assets of $3.7 billion).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

At Baillie Gifford, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these other accounts may include separate accounts, collective investment schemes, or offshore funds. Baillie Gifford manages potential conflicts between funds or with other types of accounts by implementing effective organizational and administrative arrangements to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to prevent the conflict giving rise to a material risk of damage to the interests of clients.

One area where a conflict of interest potentially arises is in the placing of orders for multiple clients and subsequent allocation of trades. Unless client-specific circumstances dictate otherwise, investment teams normally implement transactions in individual stocks for all clients with similar mandates at the same time. This aggregation of individual transactions can, of course, operate to the advantage or disadvantage of the clients involved in the order. When receiving orders from investment managers, traders at Baillie Gifford will generally treat order priority on a “first come, first served” basis, and any exceptions to this are permitted only in accordance with established policies. Baillie Gifford has also developed trade allocation systems and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm's Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Mr. Slater is a partner of Baillie Gifford & Co. As such, he receives a base salary and a share of the partnership profits. The profit share is calculated as a percentage of total partnership profits based on seniority, role within Baillie Gifford & Co., and length of service. The basis for the profit share is detailed in the Baillie Gifford Partnership Agreement. The main staff benefits, such as pension schemes, are not available to partners and therefore partners provide for benefits from their own personal funds.

As an employee of the firm, Mr. Robinson receives compensation with three key elements: (1) base salary, (2) a company-wide all-staff bonus, and (3) a performance-related bonus referred to as the Investment Departments’ Incentive Bonus Scheme. The performance-related bonus is based 50% on individual performance and 50% on investment performance (determined on a pre-tax basis). Investment performance is calculated on a team basis and is measured over a five-year period against the relevant benchmark. In addition, Mr. Robinson is required to defer 40% of his variable remuneration each year. Awards deferred will be held for a period of three years and will be invested in a

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range of funds managed by Baillie Gifford.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Slater and Mr. Robinson did not own any shares of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

B. Jackson Square Partners, LLC (Jackson Square)

Jackson Square Partners, LLC, is an investment management firm founded in 2013. Jackson Square is organized as a Delaware limited-liability company with principal offices at 101 California Street, Suite 3750, San Francisco, CA 94111.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Christopher J. Bonavico co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Bonavico also managed 15 other registered investment companies with total assets of $6.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $209 million), 11 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $4.3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 57 other accounts with total assets of $7.6 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 5 of these accounts with total assets of $713 million).

Christopher M. Ericksen co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Ericksen also managed 12 other registered investment companies with total assets of $5.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $209 million), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $545 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 40 other accounts with total assets of $5.4 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 2 of these accounts with total assets of $326 million).

Daniel J. Prislin co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Prislin also co-managed 13 other registered investment companies with total assets of $5.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $209 billion), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $545 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 46 other accounts with total assets of $6.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 4 of these accounts with total assets of $632 million).

Jeffrey S. Van Harte co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Van Harte also co-managed 13 other registered investment companies with total assets of $5.7 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $209 million), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $545 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 49 other accounts with total assets of $6.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 4 of these accounts with total assets of $632 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Individual portfolio managers perform investment management services for other funds or accounts similar to those provided to Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund, and the investment action for each other fund or account and the fund may differ. For example, one fund or account may be selling a security, while another fund or account may be purchasing or holding the same security. As a result, transactions executed for one fund or account or the Fund may adversely affect the value of securities held by another fund or account or the Fund. In addition, the management of multiple other funds or accounts and the Fund may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, as a portfolio manager must allocate time and effort to multiple funds or accounts and the Fund. A portfolio manager may discover an investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or account. The investment opportunity may be limited, however, so that all funds or accounts for which the investment would be suitable may not be able to participate. Jackson Square has adopted procedures designed to allocate investments fairly across multiple funds or accounts. Certain of the accounts managed by the portfolio managers have performance-based fees. This compensation structure presents a potential conflict of interest. The portfolio managers have an incentive to manage such accounts so as to enhance their performance, to the possible detriment of other accounts for which the investment manager does not receive a performance based-fee. A portfolio manager’s management of personal accounts also may present certain conflicts of interest. Although Jackson Square’s code of ethics is designed to address these potential conflicts, there is no guarantee that it will do so. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

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3. Description of Compensation

Jackson Square’s investment professionals have remained together, bound by culture and the unique nature of the team’s research/portfolio manager role, for over a decade on average. Through various market and organizational circumstances over the years, the group has maintained a meritocracy and very strong pay-for-performance ethos that rewards positive impact to client portfolios. Each stock in each portfolio has two or more “sponsors” who have mathematical ownership of those names for performance attribution purposes (e.g., 60/40 or 50/50-type responsibility splits). This stock-by-stock attribution can then be aggregated and the individual contributions of team members measured, down to the basis point, for each performance period measured: 1-, 3-, and 5-year, and since inception.

Aggregate compensation is ultimately driven by revenues. These in turn are correlated with assets under management (AUM), which ultimately correlates with performance over the long term, in a self-reinforcing cycle of better performance leading to more AUM (both via flows and appreciation) and greater revenues/compensation. Additionally, qualitative factors such as contribution to debates of other team members’ ideas are also considered in determining compensation. Certain employees, including all eight members of the investment team, have equity ownership as part of their compensation.

In terms of the composition of the compensation paid to the investment team, it is expected to be a combination of base salary, partnership equity distributions, and discretionary annual bonuses. Jackson Square believes this combination will have the proper incentives to award prudent long-term focus on building a stable and sustainable business while also rewarding professionals for superior relative interim results.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Van Harte owned shares of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund within the $500,001–$1,000,000 range. As of the same date, none of the other named portfolio managers owned any shares of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

C. Jennison Associates LLC (Jennison)

Jennison (including its predecessor, Jennison Associates Capital Corp.), a registered investment advisor founded in 1969, is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Kathleen A. McCarragher and Blair A. Boyer co-manage a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Ms. McCarragher also managed 14 other registered investment companies with total assets of $46 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $3 billion), 2 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $732.8 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance), and 11 other accounts with total assets of $1.7 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance). As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Boyer also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $7.3 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $3 billion), 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $152.5 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 31 other accounts with total assets of $5.7 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Jennison manages accounts with asset-based fees alongside accounts with performance-based fees. This side-by-side management can create an incentive for Jennison and its investment professionals to favor one account over another. Specifically, Jennison has the incentive to favor accounts for which it receives performance fees, and possibly take greater investment risks in those accounts, in order to bolster performance and increase its fees.

Other types of side-by-side management of multiple accounts can also create incentives for Jennison to favor one account over another. Examples are detailed below, followed by a discussion of how Jennison addresses these conflicts.

· Long only accounts/long-short accounts: Jennison manages accounts in strategies that only hold long securities positions as well as accounts in strategies that are permitted to sell securities short. Jennison may hold a long position in a security in some client accounts while selling the same security short in other client accounts. Jennison permits quantitatively hedged strategies to short securities that are held long in other strategies. Additionally, Jennison permits securities that are held long in quantitatively derived strategies to be shorted by other strategies. The strategies that sell a security short held long by another strategy could lower the price for the security held long. Similarly, if a strategy is purchasing a security that is held short in other strategies, the strategies purchasing the security could increase the price of the security held short.

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· Multiple strategies: Jennison may buy or sell, or may direct or recommend that one client buy or sell, securities of the same kind or class that are purchased or sold for another client, at prices that may be different.

Jennison may also, at any time, execute trades of securities of the same kind or class in one direction for an account and in the opposite direction for another account, due to differences in investment strategy or client direction. Different strategies effecting trading in the same securities or types of securities may appear as inconsistencies in Jennison’s management of multiple accounts side-by-side.

· Affiliated accounts/unaffiliated accounts and seeded/nonseeded accounts and accounts receiving asset allocation assets from affiliated investment advisers: Jennison manages accounts for its affiliates and accounts in which it has an interest alongside unaffiliated accounts. Jennison could have an incentive to favor its affiliated accounts over unaffiliated accounts. Additionally, Jennison’s affiliates may provide initial funding or otherwise invest in vehicles managed by Jennison. When an affiliate provides “seed capital” or other capital for a fund or account, it may do so with the intention of redeeming all or part of its interest at a particular future point in time or when it deems that sufficient additional capital has been invested in that fund or account.

Jennison typically requests seed capital to start a track record for a new strategy or product. Managing “seeded” accounts alongside “nonseeded” accounts can create an incentive to favor the seeded accounts to establish a track record for a new strategy or product. Additionally, Jennison’s affiliated investment advisers could allocate their asset allocation clients’ assets to Jennison. Jennison could favor accounts used by its affiliate for their asset allocation clients to receive more assets from the affiliate.

· Nondiscretionary accounts or models: Jennison provides nondiscretionary model portfolios to some clients and manages other portfolios on a discretionary basis. Recommendations for some non-discretionary models that are derived from discretionary portfolios are communicated after the discretionary portfolio has traded. The nondiscretionary clients could be disadvantaged if Jennison delivers the model investment portfolio to them after Jennison initiates trading for the discretionary clients, or vice versa.

· Higher fee paying accounts or products or strategies: Jennison receives more revenues (1) from larger accounts or client relationships than smaller accounts or client relationships, (2) from managing discretionary accounts than advising nondiscretionary models, (3) from non-wrap fee accounts than from wrap fee accounts, and (4) from charging higher fees for some strategies than others. The differences in revenue that Jennison receives could create an incentive for Jennison to favor the higher fee paying or higher revenue generating account or product or strategy over another.

· Personal interests: The performance of one or more accounts managed by Jennison’s investment professionals is taken into consideration in determining their compensation. Jennison also manages accounts that are investment options in its employee benefit plans such as its defined contribution plans or deferred compensation arrangements and where its employees may have personally invested alongside other accounts where there is no personal interest. These factors could create an incentive for Jennison to favor the accounts where Jennison has a personal interest over accounts where Jennison does not have a personal interest.

How Jennison Addresses These Conflicts of Interest

The conflicts of interest described above could create incentives for Jennison to favor one or more accounts or types of accounts over others in the allocation of investment opportunities, time, aggregation, and timing of investments. Portfolios in a particular strategy with similar objectives are managed similarly to the extent possible. Accordingly, portfolio holdings and industry and sector exposure tend to be similar across a group of accounts in a strategy that have similar objectives, which tends to minimize the potential for conflicts of interest among accounts within a product strategy. While these accounts have many similarities, the investment performance of each account will be different primarily due to differences in guidelines, individual portfolio manager’s decisions, timing of investments, fees, expenses, and cash flows.

Additionally, Jennison has developed policies and procedures that seek to address, mitigate, and assess these conflicts of interest. Jennison cannot guarantee, however, that its policies and procedures will detect and prevent, or lead to the disclosure of, each and every situation in which a conflict may arise.

· Jennison has adopted trade aggregation and allocation procedures that seek to treat all clients (including affiliated accounts) fairly and equitably. These policies and procedures address the allocation of limited investment opportunities, such as initial public offerings (IPOs) and new issues, the allocation of transactions across multiple accounts, and the timing of transactions between its non-wrap accounts and its wrap fee accounts.

· Jennison has policies that limit the ability to short securities in portfolios that primarily rely on its fundamental research and investment processes (fundamental portfolios) if the security is held long in other fundamental portfolios.

· Jennison has adopted procedures to review allocations or performance dispersion between accounts with

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performance fees and non-performance fee based accounts and to review overlapping long and short positions among long accounts and long-short accounts.

· Jennison has adopted a code of ethics and policies relating to personal trading.

· Jennison provides disclosure of these conflicts as described in its Form ADV.

3. Description of Compensation

Jennison seeks to maintain a highly competitive compensation program designed to attract and retain outstanding investment professionals, which include portfolio managers and research analysts, and to align the interests of its investment professionals with those of its clients and overall firm results. Jennison recognizes individuals for their achievements and contributions and continues to promote those who exemplify the same goals and level of commitment that are benchmarks of the organization. Investment professionals are compensated with a combination of base salary and cash bonus. Overall firm profitability determines the size of the investment professional compensation pool. In general, the cash bonus represents most of an investment professional’s compensation.

Jennison sponsors a profit-sharing retirement plan for all eligible employees. The contribution to the profit-sharing retirement plan for portfolio managers is based on a percentage of the portfolio manager’s total compensation, subject to a maximum determined by applicable law. In addition to eligibility to participate in retirement and welfare plans, senior investment professionals, including portfolio managers and senior research analysts, are eligible to participate in a voluntary deferred compensation program where all or a portion of the cash bonus can be deferred. Participants in the deferred compensation plan are permitted to allocate the deferred amounts among various options that track the gross- of-fee pre-tax performance of accounts or composites of accounts managed by Jennison.

Investment professionals’ total compensation is determined through a subjective process that evaluates numerous qualitative and quantitative factors. Not all factors are applicable to every investment professional, and there is no particular weighting or formula for considering the factors. The factors reviewed for the portfolio managers are listed below.

The quantitative factors reviewed for the portfolio managers may include:

One-year, three-year, five-year, and longer-term pre-tax investment performance of groupings of accounts managed by the portfolio manager in the same strategy (composite) relative to market conditions, predetermined passive indices, and industry peer-group data for the product strategy (e.g., large-cap growth, large-cap value) for which the portfolio manager is responsible. Some portfolio managers may manage or contribute ideas to more than one product strategy, and the performance of the other product strategies is also considered in determining the portfolio manager’s over all compensation.

The investment professional’s contribution to client portfolio’s pre-tax one-year, three-year, five-year, and longer-term performance from the investment professional’s recommended stocks relative to market conditions, the strategy’s passive benchmarks, and the investment professional’s respective coverage universes.

The qualitative factors reviewed for the portfolio managers may include:

· The quality of the portfolio manager’s investment ideas and consistency of the portfolio manager’s judgment.

· Historical and long-term business potential of the product strategies.· Qualitative factors such as teamwork and responsiveness.

· Individual factors such as years of experience and responsibilities specific to the individual’s role such as being a team leader or supervisor are also factored into the determination of an investment professional’s total compensation.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Ms. McCarragher and Mr. Boyer did not own any shares of Vanguard U.S Growth Fund.

D. Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management)

Wellington Management is a Delaware limited liability partnership with principal offices at 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210. As of August 31, 2017, the firm is owned by 158 partners, all fully active in the business of the firm. Wellington Management is a professional investment counseling firm that provides investment services to investment companies, employee benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and other institutions. Wellington Management and its predecessor organizations have provided investment advisory services for over 80 years.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Andrew J. Shilling manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of

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$7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Shilling also managed 2 other registered investment companies with total assets of $704.9 million (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $211.2 million), 6 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.2 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 16 other accounts with total assets of $3.8 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Individual investment professionals at Wellington Management manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. These accounts may include mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions, such as pension funds, insurance companies, foundations, or separately managed account programs sponsored by financial intermediaries), bank common trust accounts, and hedge funds. The Wellington Management Portfolio’s manager listed in the prospectus, who is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Wellington Management Portfolio (Portfolio Manager), generally manages accounts in several different investment styles. These accounts may have investment objectives, strategies, time horizons, tax considerations, and risk profiles that differ from those of the Fund. The Portfolio Manager makes investment decisions for each account, including the Wellington Management Portfolio, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax, and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Portfolio Manager may purchase or sell securities, including IPOs, for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the Wellington Management Portfolio and thus the accounts may have similar, and in some cases nearly identical, objectives, strategies and/or holdings to that of the Wellington Management Portfolio.

The Portfolio Manager or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Wellington Management Portfolio, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Wellington Management Portfolio, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the Wellington Management Portfolio depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, the Portfolio Manager may purchase the same security for the Wellington Management Portfolio and one or more other accounts at or about the same time. In those instances the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the Wellington Management Portfolio’s holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the Wellington Management Portfolio. Mr. Shilling also manages an account that pays performance allocations to Wellington Management or its affiliates. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Portfolio Manager are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager. Finally, the Portfolio Manager may hold shares or investments in the other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts previously identified.

Wellington Management’s goal is to meet its fiduciary obligation to treat all clients fairly and provide high quality investment services to all of its clients. Wellington Management has adopted and implemented policies and procedures, including brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures, which it believes address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition, Wellington Management monitors a variety of areas, including compliance with primary account guidelines, the allocation of IPOs, and compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics, and places additional investment restrictions on investment professionals who manage hedge funds and certain other accounts. Furthermore, senior investment and business personnel at Wellington Management periodically review the performance of Wellington Management’s investment professionals. Although Wellington Management does not track the time an investment professional spends on a single account, Wellington Management does periodically assess whether an investment professional has adequate time and resources to effectively manage the investment professional’s various client mandates.

3. Description of Compensation

Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of the Wellington Management Portfolio as set forth in the Investment Advisory Agreement between Wellington Management and the Trust on behalf of the Fund. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the advisory fee earned with respect to the Wellington Management Portfolio. The following information relates to the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017.

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management of the Fund, includes a base salary and incentive components. The base salary for each Portfolio Manager who is a partner (a “Partner”) of Wellington Management Group LLP, the ultimate holding company of Wellington Management, is generally a fixed amount that is determined by the managing partners of Wellington Management Group LLP.

The Portfolio Manager is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the Wellington Management Portfolio and generally each other account managed by such Portfolio Manager. The Portfolio Manager’s incentive payment relating to the Wellington Management Portfolio is linked to the net pre-tax performance of the Wellington Management Portfolio compared to the Russell 1000 Growth Index over one-, three-, and five-year periods, with an emphasis on five-year results. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods, and rates may differ) to other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager, including accounts with performance fees.

Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional’s overall compensation; incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Portfolio Manager may also be eligible for bonus payments based on his overall contribution to Wellington Management’s business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on other factors. Each Partner is eligible to participate in a Partner-funded tax qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Mr. Shilling is a Partner.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Shilling owned shares of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund in an amount exceeding $1 million.

E. William Blair Investment Management, LLC (William Blair)

William Blair is an independently owned full service investment advisory firm and is affiliated with William Blair & Company, L.L.C., an investment advisory firm founded in 1935. William Blair is organized as a Delaware limited liability company.

1. Other Accounts Managed

James Golan co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Golan also managed 5 other registered investment companies with total assets of $910.4 million (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $70.9 million), 3 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $121.6 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 11 other accounts with total assets of $874.6 million (advisory fees not based on account performance).

David Ricci co-manages a portion of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $7.9 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Ricci also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $4.1 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $70.9 million), 5 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $174.5 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 20 other accounts with total assets of $2 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Because each portfolio manager manages other accounts in addition to the William Blair Portfolio, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager’s management of the William Blair Portfolio’s investments on the one hand and the investments of such other accounts on the other hand. However, William Blair has adopted policies and procedures designed to address such conflicts, including, among others, policies and procedures relating to allocation of investment opportunities, soft dollars, and aggregation of trades. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm's Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

The compensation of William Blair portfolio managers is based on the firm’s mission: “to achieve success for its clients.” Mr. Golan and Mr. Ricci are partners of William Blair, and as of August 31, 2017, each portfolio manager’s compensation consisted of a fixed base salary, a share of the firm’s profits, and, in some instances, a discretionary bonus. The discretionary bonus, as well as any potential changes to the principals’ ownership stakes, is determined by the head of William Blair’s Investment Management division subject to the approval of the firm’s Executive Committee and is based entirely on a qualitative assessment rather than a formula. The discretionary bonus rewards the specific accomplishments in the prior year, including short-term and long-term investment performance, quality of research

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ideas, and other contributions to the firm and its clients. Changes in ownership stake are based upon the portfolio manager’s sustained, multi-year contribution to long-term investment performance and to the firm’s revenue, profitability, intellectual capital, and brand reputation. The compensation process is a subjective one that takes into account the factors described in this section. Portfolio managers do not receive any direct compensation based upon the performance of any individual client account and no indices are used to measure performance. In addition, there is no particular weighting or formula for evaluating the factors.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Golan and Mr. Ricci did not own any shares of Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund.

II. Vanguard International Growth Fund

The Fund pays each of its independent third-party investment advisors a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. The base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. The performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of each advisor’s portion of the Fund relative to that of the MSCI ACWI ex USA Index over the preceding 36-month period.

During the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, Vanguard International Growth Fund incurred aggregate investment advisory fees of approximately $32,711,000 (before a performance-based increase of $6,444,000),$30,775,000 (before a performance-based increase of $7,402,000), and $35,732,000 (before a performance-based increase of $6,650,000), respectively.

Sub-Advisor—Schroder Investment Management North America Limited

The Fund has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders) and Schroder Investment Management North America Limited (Schroder Limited) pursuant to which Schroder Limited has primary responsibility for choosing investments for the Fund. Under the terms of the sub-advisory agreement for the Fund, Schroders pays Schroder Limited advisory fees equal to 59% of the advisory fee actually paid to Schroders under its investment advisory agreement with the Fund.

A. Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford)

1. Other Accounts Managed

James K. Anderson co-manages a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $31 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Anderson also led investment teams responsible for managing 4 other registered investment companies with total assets of $5.1 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $1.8 billion), 9 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $14.5 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 95 other accounts with total assets of $46 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 7 of these accounts with total assets of $3.7 billion).

Thomas Coutts co-manages a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $31 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Coutts also managed 3 other registered investment companies with total assets of $5 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $1.8 billion), 6 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $2 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 29 other accounts with total assets of $14.5 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

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transactions in individual stocks for all clients with similar mandates at the same time. This aggregation of individual transactions can, of course, operate to the advantage or disadvantage of the clients involved in the order. When receiving orders from investment managers, traders at Baillie Gifford will generally treat order priority on a “first come, first served” basis, and any exceptions to this are permitted only in accordance with established policies. Baillie Gifford has also developed trade allocation systems and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Mr. Anderson and Mr. Coutts are partners of Baillie Gifford & Co. As such, each receives a base salary and a share of the partnership profits. The profit share is calculated as a percentage of total partnership profits based on seniority, role within Baillie Gifford & Co., and length of service. The basis for the profit share is detailed in the Baillie Gifford Partnership Agreement. The main staff benefits, such as pension schemes, are not available to partners, and therefore partners provide for benefits from their own personal funds.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Anderson and Mr. Coutts did not own any shares of Vanguard International Growth Fund.

B. Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders)

Each of Schroders and Schroder Limited is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Schroders plc, the ultimate parent of a large worldwide group of financial service companies with subsidiaries and branches and representative offices located in 27 countries. Schroders plc is a publicly owned holding company organized under the laws of England. Schroders plc and its affiliates specialize in providing investment management services.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Simon Webber manages a portion of Vanguard International Growth Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $31 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Webber also managed 3 other registered investment companies with total assets of $726.3 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $707.2 million (advisory fees not based on account performance), and 23 other accounts with total assets of $5.4 billion (advisory fees based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $520.1 million).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

Whenever a portfolio manager of the Schroder’s Portfolio manages other accounts, potential conflicts of interest exist, including potential conflicts between the investment strategy of the Schroder’s Portfolio and the investment strategy of the other accounts. For example, in certain instances, a portfolio manager may take conflicting positions in a particular security for different accounts, by selling a security for one account and continuing to hold it for another account. In addition, the fact that other accounts require the portfolio manager to devote less than all of his or her time to the Schroder’s Portfolio may be seen itself to constitute a conflict with the interest of the Schroder’s Portfolio.

A portfolio manager may also execute transactions for another fund or account at the direction of such fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the Schroder’s Portfolio. Securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Schroder’s Portfolio may outperform the securities selected for the Schroder’s Portfolio. Finally, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Schroder’s Portfolio may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity because of an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and accounts.

At Schroders, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these other accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, or offshore funds. Certain of these accounts may pay a performance fee, and portfolio managers may have an incentive to allocate investment to these accounts.

Schroders manages potential conflicts between funds or with other types of accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by client directors. Schroders has developed trade allocation and client order priority systems and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations where two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

The structure of each portfolio manager’s compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. Each portfolio

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manager’s base pay tends to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management, which indirectly links compensation to sales.

Schroders has adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises. Investment personnel of the firm or its affiliates may be permitted to be commercially or professionally involved with an issuer of securities. Any potential conflicts of interest from such involvement would be monitored for compliance with the firm’s Code of Ethics.

3. Description of Compensation

Schroders’ fund managers are paid a combination of base salary and annual bonus, as well as the standard retirement, health, and welfare benefits available to all of our employees. Certain of the most senior managers also participate in a long-term incentive program. Mr. Webber receives compensation based on the factors discussed in this section.

Base salary is determined by reference to the level of responsibility inherent in the role and the experience of the incumbent, and is benchmarked annually against market data to ensure that Schroders is paying competitively. The base salary is subject to an annual review, and will increase if market movements make this necessary and/or if there has been an increase in the employee’s responsibilities. At more senior levels, base salaries tend to move less as the emphasis is increasingly on the discretionary bonus.

Bonuses for fund managers may be composed of an agreed contractual floor, a revenue component, and/or a discretionary component. Any discretionary bonus is determined by a number of factors. At a macro level the total amount available to spend is a function of the compensation to revenue ratio achieved by the firm globally. Schroders then assesses the performance of the division and of the team to determine the share of the aggregate bonus pool that is spent in each area. This focus on “team” maintains consistency and minimizes internal competition that may be detrimental to the interests of our clients. For individual fund managers, Schroders assesses the performance of its funds relative to competitors and to the relevant benchmarks (which may be internally- and/or externally-based and are considered over a range of performance periods), the level of funds under management, and the level of performance fees generated. Schroders also reviews “softer” factors such as leadership, contribution to other parts of the business, and adherence to our corporate values of excellence, integrity, teamwork, passion, and innovation.

For those employees receiving significant bonuses, a part may be deferred in the form of Schroders plc stock. These employees may also receive part of the deferred award in the form of notional cash investments in a range of Schroders funds. These deferrals vest over a period of three years and ensure that the interests of the employee are aligned both with those of the shareholders and with those of investors. Over recent years Schroders has increased the level of deferred awards, and as a consequence these key employees have an increasing incentive to remain with Schroders as their store of unvested awards grows over time.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Webber did not own any shares of Vanguard International Growth Fund.

III. Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund, Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, and Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds

Vanguard, through its Equity Index Group, provides investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund, Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, and Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds. Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund receives all investment advisory services from Vanguard, through its Fixed Income Group, on an at-cost basis. The compensation and other expenses of Vanguard’s advisory staff are allocated among the funds utilizing these services.

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During the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, the Funds incurred the following approximate investment advisory expenses:


Vanguard Fund	2015	2016	2017
FTSE Social Index Fund	$278,000	$348,000	$574,000
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund	300,000	346,000	465,000
Consumer Staples Index Fund	477,000	595,000	854,000
Energy Index Fund	752,000	797,000	987,000
Financials Index Fund	488,000	604,000	1,185,000
Health Care Index Fund	905,000	1,056,000	1,372,000
Industrials Index Fund	366,000	376,000	598,000
Information Technology Index Fund	1,202,000	1,390,000	2,077,000
Materials Index Fund	263,000	244,000	438,000
Communication Services Index Fund	161,000	226,000	291,000
Utilities Index Fund	414,000	477,000	620,000
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund	97,000	34,000	45,000
Mega Cap Index Fund	232,000	213,000	253,000
Mega Cap Value Index Fund	207,000	232,000	342,000
Mega Cap Growth Index Fund	323,000	364,000	541,000

1. Other Accounts Managed

Joshua C. Barrickman and William D. Baird co-manage Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $1.7 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Barrickman also managed 6 other registered investment companies with total assets of $364 billion and co-managed all or a portion of 10 other registered investment companies with total assets of $261 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance). As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Baird also co-managed 2 other registered investment companies with total assets of $8.1 billion and co-managed 2 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $3.3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

William Coleman and Gerard C. O’Reilly co-manage Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Fund held assets of $3.4 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Coleman also co-managed all or a portion of 51 other registered investment companies with total assets of $945 billion, 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $4.5 billion, and 1 other account with total assets of $6 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance). As of August 31, 2017, Mr. O’Reilly also co-managed 16 other registered investment companies with total assets of $786 billion and 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $538 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

William Coleman co-manages Vanguard Energy Index Fund, Vanguard Financials Index Fund, and Vanguard Materials Index Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $13.1 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Coleman also co- managed all or a portion of 48 other registered investment companies with total assets of $906 billion, 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $4.5 billion, and 1 other account with total assets of $6 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Awais Khan co-manages Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund, Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund, Vanguard Energy Index Fund, Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund, and Vanguard Utilities Index Fund; as of October 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $16.1 billion.

Michael Johnson co-manages Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund, Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund, Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund, and Vanguard Utilities Index Fund; as of October 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $27.6 billion. As of October 31, 2017, Mr. Johnson also co-managed 18 other registered investment companies with total assets of $160 billion, managed 2 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $4.9 billion, and managed 1 other account with total assets of $3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Michelle Louie co-manages Vanguard Financials Index Fund, Vanguard Health Care Index Fund, Vanguard Industrials Index Fund, and Vanguard Materials Index Fund; as of October 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $21.5 billion. As of October 31, 2017, Ms. Louie also co-managed 3 other registered investment companies with total assets of $408 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

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Walter Nejman co-manages Vanguard Health Care Index Fund, Vanguard Industrials Index Fund, Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund, and Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $28.3 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Nejman also co-managed all or a portion of 53 other registered investment companies with total assets of $1 trillion and 2 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $2.3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

Michael A. Johnson and Gerard C. O’Reilly co-manage Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund, Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund, and Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund; as of August 31, 2017, the Funds collectively held assets of $6.4 billion. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Johnson also co-managed 15 other registered investment companies with total assets of $154 billion, 2 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $4.9 billion, and 1 other account with total assets of $3 billion (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance). As of August 31, 2017, Mr. O’Reilly also co-managed 14 other registered investment companies with total assets of $1 trillion and 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $538 million (none of which had advisory fees based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

At Vanguard, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, or offshore funds. Managing multiple funds or accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest, including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Vanguard manages potential conflicts between funds or accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by trustees and independent third parties. Vanguard has developed trade allocation procedures and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations in which two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

3. Description of Compensation

All Vanguard portfolio managers are Vanguard employees. This section describes the compensation of the Vanguard employees who manage Vanguard mutual funds. As of August 31, 2017, a Vanguard portfolio manager’s compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and payments under Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation program. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and welfare benefits available to all Vanguard employees. Also, certain portfolio managers may be eligible for additional retirement benefits under several supplemental retirement plans that Vanguard adopted in the 1980s to restore dollar-for-dollar the benefits of management employees that had been cut back solely as a result of tax-law changes. These plans are structured to provide the same retirement benefits as the standard retirement plans.

In the case of portfolio managers responsible for managing multiple Vanguard funds or accounts, the method used to determine their compensation is the same for all funds and investment accounts. A portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the manager’s experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses performed by Vanguard’s Human Resources Department. A portfolio manager’s base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or when a market adjustment of the position occurs.

A portfolio manager’s bonus is determined by a number of factors. One factor is gross, pre-tax performance of the fund relative to expectations for how the fund should have performed, given the fund’s investment objective, policies, strategies, and limitations, and the market environment during the measurement period. This performance factor is not based on the amount of assets held in the fund’s portfolio. For the FTSE Social Index Fund, the U.S. Sector Index Funds, the Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, and the Mega Cap Index Funds, the performance factor depends on how closely the portfolio manager tracks the Fund’s benchmark index over a one-year period. Additional factors include the portfolio manager’s contributions to the investment management functions within the sub-asset class, contributions to the development of other investment professionals and supporting staff, and overall contributions to strategic planning and decisions for the investment group. The target bonus is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The actual bonus paid may be more or less than the target bonus, based on how well the manager satisfies the objectives previously described. The bonus is paid on an annual basis.

Under the long-term incentive compensation program, all full-time employees receive a payment from Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation plan based on their years of service, job level, and, if applicable, management responsibilities. Each year, Vanguard’s independent directors determine the amount of the long-term incentive compensation award for that year based on the investment performance of the Vanguard funds relative to competitors and Vanguard’s operating efficiencies in providing services to the Vanguard funds.

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4. Ownership of Securities

Vanguard employees, including portfolio managers, allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds or collective investment trusts that may invest in Vanguard funds based on their own individual investment needs and goals. Vanguard employees, as a group, invest a sizable portion of their personal assets in Vanguard funds. As of August 31, 2017, Vanguard employees collectively invested more than $5.9 billion in Vanguard funds or collective investment trusts that may invest in Vanguard funds.

As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Coleman owned shares of Vanguard Energy Index Fund and shares of FTSE Social Index Fund within the $0–$10,000 range. As of the same date, none of the other named portfolio managers owned any shares of the Funds they managed.

IV. Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund each pay Wellington Management a base fee plus or minus a performance adjustment. Each base fee, which is paid quarterly, is a percentage of average daily net assets managed by the advisor during the most recent fiscal quarter. Each base fee has breakpoints, which means that the percentage declines as assets go up. Each Fund’s performance adjustment, also paid quarterly, is based on the cumulative total return of the Fund relative to that of the Global Wellington Composite Index (for Vanguard Global Wellington Fund) and the Global Wellesley Income Composite Index (for Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund) over the preceding 36-month period.

As of the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund had not yet commenced operations; therefore, the Funds did not incur any expenses for investment advisory services.

1. Other Accounts Managed

Ian Link manages the equity portion of Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, which commenced operations on November 2, 2017. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Link also managed 7 other registered investment companies with total assets of $12.1 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance), 8 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $1.5 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with total assets of $12.5 million), and 13 other accounts with total assets of $4.5 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 1 of these accounts with the total assets of $294.6 million).

Nataliya Kofman manages the equity portion of Vanguard Global Wellington Fund, which commenced operations on November 2, 2017. As of August 31, 2017, Ms. Kofman also managed 3 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $133 million (advisory fee based on account performance for 2 of these accounts with total assets of $40 million) and 8 other accounts with total assets of $1.7 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 2 of these accounts with total assets of $652.4 million).

John Keogh, Loren Moran, and Michael E. Stack co-manage the fixed income portions of Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund and Vanguard Global Wellington Fund, which commenced operations on November 2, 2017. As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Keogh also managed 3 other registered investment companies with total assets of $71 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for these accounts) and 1 other pooled investment vehicle with total assets of $12.7 million (advisory fee based on account performance). As of August 31, 2017, Ms. Moran also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $76 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 3 of these accounts with total assets of $71 billion). As of August 31, 2017, Mr. Stack also managed 8 other registered investment companies with total assets of $76 billion (advisory fee based on account performance for 3 of these accounts with total assets of $71 billion) and 4 other pooled investment vehicles with total assets of $9.4 billion (advisory fees not based on account performance).

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

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make investment decisions for each account, including the relevant Fund, based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, benchmarks, cash flows, tax, and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that account. Consequently, the Portfolio Managers may purchase or sell securities, including IPOs, for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. Alternatively, these accounts may be managed in a similar fashion to the relevant Fund and thus the accounts may have similar, and in some cases nearly identical, objectives, strategies and/or holdings to that of the relevant Fund.

The Portfolio Managers or other investment professionals at Wellington Management may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are directly or indirectly contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the relevant Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the relevant Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely impact the relevant Fund depending on market conditions. For example, an investment professional may purchase a security in one account while appropriately selling that same security in another account. Similarly, the Portfolio Managers may purchase the same security for the relevant Fund and one or more other accounts at or about the same time. In those instances, the other accounts will have access to their respective holdings prior to the public disclosure of the relevant Fund’s holdings. In addition, some of these accounts have fee structures, including performance fees, which are or have the potential to be higher, in some cases significantly higher, than the fees Wellington Management receives for managing the relevant Fund. Mr. Keogh, Ms. Kofman, Mr. Link, Ms. Moran, and Mr. Stack also manage accounts that pay performance allocations to Wellington Management or its affiliates. Because incentive payments paid by Wellington Management to the Portfolio Managers are tied to revenues earned by Wellington Management and, where noted, to the performance achieved by the manager in each account, the incentives associated with any given account may be significantly higher or lower than those associated with other accounts managed by a given Portfolio Manager. Finally, the Portfolio Managers may hold shares or investments in the other pooled investment vehicles and/or other accounts previously identified.

3. Description of Compensation

Wellington Management receives a fee based on the assets under management of each Fund as set forth in the Investment Advisory Agreement between Wellington Management and the Trust on behalf of each Fund. Wellington Management pays its investment professionals out of its total revenues, including the advisory fee earned with respect to each Fund. The following information relates to the period ended August 31, 2017.

Wellington Management’s compensation structure is designed to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals necessary to deliver high quality investment management services to its clients. Wellington Management’s compensation of the named Portfolio Managers listed in the applicable prospectus, who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund, includes a base salary and incentive components. The base salary for each Portfolio Manager who is a partner (a “Partner”) of Wellington Management Group LLP, the ultimate holding company of Wellington Management, is generally a fixed amount that is determined by the managing partners of Wellington Management Group LLP.

Each Portfolio Manager is eligible to receive an incentive payment based on the revenues earned by Wellington Management from the Wellington Management Portfolio and generally each other account managed by such Portfolio Manager. Each Portfolio Manager’s incentive payment relating to the Wellington Management Portfolio is linked to the net pre-tax performance of the Wellington Management Portfolio compared to the Russell 1000 Growth Index over one-, three-, and five-year periods, with an emphasis on five-year results. Wellington Management applies similar incentive compensation structures (although the benchmarks or peer groups, time periods, and rates may differ) to other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, including accounts with performance fees.

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Portfolio-based incentives across all accounts managed by an investment professional can, and typically do, represent a significant portion of an investment professional’s overall compensation; incentive compensation varies significantly by individual and can vary significantly from year to year. The Portfolio Managers may also be eligible for bonus payments based on overall contribution to Wellington Management’s business operations. Senior management at Wellington Management may reward individuals as it deems appropriate based on other factors. Each Partner is eligible to participate in a Partner-funded tax-qualified retirement plan, the contributions to which are made pursuant to an actuarial formula. Messrs. Keogh, Link, and Stack are Partners.

4. Ownership of Securities

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund did not commence operations until November 2, 2017.

Duration and Termination of Investment Advisory Agreements

The current investment advisory agreements with the unaffiliated advisors are renewable for successive one-year periods, only if (1) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of the Fund’s board of trustees, including the affirmative votes of a majority of trustees who are not parties to the agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such approval, or (2) each renewal is specifically approved by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. An agreement is automatically terminated if assigned, and may be terminated without penalty at any time either (1) by vote of the board of trustees of the Fund upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to the advisor (sixty (60) days’ for Schroders), (2) by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities upon 30 days’ written notice to the advisor (60 days’ for Schroders), or (3) by the advisor upon ninety (90) days’ written notice to the fund.

The initial investment advisory agreements with Wellington Management (for Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund) are binding for a two-year period. At the end of that time, the agreements will become renewable for successive one-year periods, subject to the above conditions.

Vanguard provides at-cost investment advisory services to Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund, Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, and Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds pursuant to the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. This agreement will continue in full force and effect until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of the Vanguard funds and Vanguard.

Securities Lending

The following table describes the securities lending activities of each Fund during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017 (except for Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, which had not yet commenced operations):


Vanguard Fund	Securities Lending Activities
U.S. Growth Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$441,159
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$1,809
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$6,515
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$19,489
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$27,813
Net income from securities lending activities	$413,346

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Vanguard Fund	Securities Lending Activities
International Growth Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$23,183,294
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$1,275,851
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$55,340
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$35,855
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$1,112,185
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$2,479,231
Net income from securities lending activities	$20,704,063
FTSE Social Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$74,621
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$315
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$1,112
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$4,833
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$6,261
Net income from securities lending activities	$68,360
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$999,849
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$2,540
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$17,005
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$24,874
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$44,419
Net income from securities lending activities	$955,430
Consumer Staples Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$749,067
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$2,201
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$9,744
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$58,929
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$70,874
Net income from securities lending activities	$678,193

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Vanguard Fund	Securities Lending Activities
Energy Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$589,031
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$3,665
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$8,323
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$74,565
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$86,554
Net income from securities lending activities	$502,447
Financials Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$202,496
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$593
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$3,339
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$7,768
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$11,700
Net income from securities lending activities	$190,796
Health Care Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$1,244,357
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$2,866
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$20,799
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$30,165
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$53,830
Net income from securities lending activities	$1,190,527
Industrials Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$322,335
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$350
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$3,265
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$14,275
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$17,890
Net income from securities lending activities	$304,445

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Information Technology Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$1,482,061
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$3,230
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$22,260
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$54,902
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$80,392
Net income from securities lending activities	$1,401,669
Materials Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$162,135
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$646
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$2,673
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$14,178
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$17,497
Net income from securities lending activities	$144,638
Communication Services Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$2,148,837
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$4,837
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$35,552
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$53,428
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$93,816
Net income from securities lending activities	$2,055,021
Utilities Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$96,800
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$167
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$1,635
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$338
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$2,141
Net income from securities lending activities	$94,659

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Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	—
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	—
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	—
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	—
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	—
Rebate (paid to borrower)	—
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	—
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	—
Net income from securities lending activities	—
Mega Cap Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$68,783
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$114
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$964
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$1,148
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$2,226
Net income from securities lending activities	$66,557
Mega Cap Value Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$48,611
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$56
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$462
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$2,051
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$2,569
Net income from securities lending activities	$46,042
Mega Cap Growth Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$227,498
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash
collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$523
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$3,476
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$3,841
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$7,840
Net income from securities lending activities	$219,658

The services provided by Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. and Vanguard, each acting separately as securities lending agents for certain of the Vanguard funds, include coordinating the selection of securities to be loaned to approved borrowers; negotiating the terms of the loan; monitoring the value of the securities loaned and corresponding collateral, marking to market daily; coordinating the investment of cash collateral in the funds’ approved cash collateral reinvestment vehicle; monitoring dividends and coordinating material proxy votes relating to loaned securities; and transferring, recalling, and arranging the return of loaned securities to the funds upon termination of the loan.

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS

The advisor decides which securities to buy and sell on behalf of a Fund and then selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the trades on an agency basis or the dealers with whom the trades will be effected on a principal basis. For each trade, the advisor must select a broker-dealer that it believes will provide “best execution.” Best execution does not necessarily mean paying the lowest spread or commission rate available. In seeking best execution, the SEC has said that an advisor should consider the full range of a broker-dealer’s services. The factors considered by the advisor in seeking best execution include, but are not limited to, the broker-dealer’s execution capability, clearance and settlement services, commission rate, trading expertise, willingness and ability to commit capital, ability to provide anonymity, financial responsibility, reputation and integrity, responsiveness, access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets, and access to company management, as well as the value of any research provided by the broker-dealer. In assessing which broker-dealer can provide best execution for a particular trade, the advisor also may consider the timing and size of the order and available liquidity and current market conditions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the advisor may select a broker based partly on brokerage or research services provided to the advisor and its clients, including the Funds. The advisor may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the advisor determines in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of services provided. The advisor also may receive brokerage or research services from broker-dealers that are provided at no charge in recognition of the volume of trades directed to the broker. To the extent research services or products may be a factor in selecting brokers, services and products may include written research reports analyzing performance or securities, discussions with research analysts, meetings with corporate executives to obtain oral reports on company performance, market data, and other products and services that will assist the advisor in its investment decision-making process. The research services provided by brokers through which a Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the advisor in servicing all of its accounts, and some of the services may not be used by the advisor in connection with the Fund.

The types of bonds in which the Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund invests are generally purchased and sold through principal transactions, meaning that the Fund normally purchases bonds directly from the issuer or a primary market-maker acting as principal for the bonds, on a net basis. Explicit brokerage commissions are not paid on these transactions, although purchases of new issues from underwriters of bonds typically include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers serving as market-makers typically include a dealer’s markup (i.e., a spread between the bid and the asked prices).

As previously explained, the types of bonds that the Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund purchases do not normally involve the payment of explicit brokerage commissions. If any such brokerage commissions are paid, however, the advisor will evaluate their reasonableness by considering (1) historical commission rates; (2) rates that other institutional investors are paying, based upon publicly available information; (3) rates quoted by brokers and dealers; (4) the size of a particular transaction, in terms of the number of shares, dollar amount, and number of clients involved; (5) the complexity of a particular transaction in terms of both execution and settlement; (6) the level and type of business done with a particular firm over a period of time; and (7) the extent to which the broker or dealer has capital at risk in the transaction.

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During the fiscal years ended August 31, 2015, 2016, and 2017, the Funds (other than Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, which had not yet commenced operations) paid the following approximate amounts in brokerage commissions:


Vanguard Fund	2015	2016	2017
U.S. Growth Fund¹	$ 1,159,000	$ 1,699,000	$ 1,597,000
International Growth Fund²	10,415,000	7,173,000	5,696,000
FTSE Social Index Fund³	41,000	33,000	60,000
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund⁴	15,000	19,000	12,000
Consumer Staples Index Fund⁴	22,000	49,000	14,000
Energy Index Fund⁴	64,000	439,000	107,000
Financials Index Fund⁵	25,000	81,000	40,000
Health Care Index Fund⁴	84,000	82,000	26,000
Industrials Index Fund⁴	9,000	14,000	24,000
Information Technology Index Fund⁴	38,000	44,000	101,000
Materials Index Fund⁴	15,000	11,000	20,000
Communication Services Index Fund⁴	101,000	240,000	152,000
Utilities Index Fund⁴	35,000	20,000	21,000
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund	—	Less than $1,000	Less than $1,000
Mega Cap Index Fund	6,000	7,000	7,000
Mega Cap Value Index Fund	5,000	6,000	9,000
Mega Cap Growth Index Fund	10,000	11,000	12,000
1 The increase in brokerage commissions for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, was attributable to growth in the
Fund’s assets coupled with an increase in cash flows.
2 The decrease in brokerage commissions for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, was a result of lower portfolio
turnover and a change in the Fund’s advisory structure.
3 The changes in brokerage commissions in the Fund’s most recent fiscal years are the result of changes in portfolio
turnover. The Fund’s turnover rate will vary as stocks pass or fail the social screening polices employed by the
benchmark index, resulting in changes to the stocks that make up the benchmark index.
4 Cash flows into the Fund, which impact the frequency of the Fund’s portfolio transactions, were factors during the
Fund’s most recent fiscal year(s) and resulted in higher or lower brokerage commissions.
5 The increase in brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, was due to the
Global Industry Classification Standard’s removal of all real estate securities (except mortgage real estate
investment trusts) from the financials sector.

Some securities that are considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other Vanguard funds or for other clients served by the advisors. If such securities are compatible with the investment policies of a Fund and one or more of an advisor’s other clients and are considered for purchase or sale at or about the same time, then transactions in such securities may be aggregated by the advisor, and the purchased securities or sale proceeds may be allocated among the participating Vanguard funds and the other participating clients of the advisor in a manner deemed equitable by the advisor. Although there may be no specified formula for allocating such transactions, the allocation methods used, and the results of such allocations, will be subject to periodic review by the Fund’s board of trustees.

The ability of Vanguard and external advisors to purchase or dispose of investments in regulated industries, certain derivatives markets, certain international markets, and certain issuers that limit ownership by a single shareholder or group of related shareholders, or to exercise rights on behalf of a Fund, may be restricted or impaired because of limitations on the aggregate level of investment unless regulatory or corporate consents or ownership waivers are obtained. As a result, Vanguard and external advisors on behalf of a Fund may be required to limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise restrict or limit the exercise of shareholder rights by the Fund, including voting rights. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, the Fund may seek to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative, which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly.

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As of August 31, 2017, each Fund (other than Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund, which had not yet commenced operations) held securities of its “regular brokers or dealers,” as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, as follows:


Vanguard Fund	Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent)	Aggregate Holdings
U.S. Growth Fund	Banc of America Securities LLC	$38,306,000
International Growth Fund	Barclays Capital Inc.	—
	TORONTO DOMINION SECURITIES INC	$267,830,000
	UBS Securities LLC.	152,694,000
FTSE Social Index Fund	Citigroup Global Markets Inc.	$41,382,000
	Goldman, Sachs & Co.	18,166,000
	J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.	70,925,000
	Morgan Stanley	13,279,000
	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC	50,693,000
Consumer Discretionary Index Fund	—	—
Consumer Staples Index Fund	—	—
Energy Index Fund	—	—
Financials Index Fund	Citigroup Global Markets Inc.	$343,832,000
	Goldman, Sachs & Co.	145,508,000
	J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.	592,762,000
	Morgan Stanley	115,882,000
	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC	445,065,000
Health Care Index Fund	—	—
Industrials Index Fund	—	—
Information Technology Index Fund	—	—
Materials Index Fund	—	—
Communication Services Index Fund	—	—
Utilities Index Fund	—	—
Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund	—	—

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Vanguard Fund	Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent)	Aggregate Holdings
Mega Cap Index Fund	Goldman, Sachs & Co.	$5,918,000
	J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.	24,111,000
	Morgan Stanley	4,711,000
	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC	17,155,000
Mega Cap Value Index Fund	Citigroup Global Markets Inc.	$36,252,000
	Goldman, Sachs & Co.	15,354,000
	J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.	62,502,000
	Morgan Stanley	12,219,000
	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC	44,465,000

Mega Cap Growth Index Fund	—	—

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES

The Board of Trustees (the Board) of each Vanguard fund has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting by the fund. The Board has delegated responsibility for monitoring proxy voting activities to the Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee (the Committee), made up of senior officers of Vanguard and subject to the operating procedures and guidelines described below. The Committee reports directly to the Board. Vanguard is subject to these procedures and guidelines to the extent that they call for Vanguard to administer the voting process and implement the resulting voting decisions, and for these purposes the guidelines have also been approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

The overarching objective in voting is simple: to support proposals and director nominees that maximize the value of a fund’s investments—and those of fund shareholders—over the long term. Although the goal is simple, the proposals the funds receive are varied and frequently complex. As such, the guidelines adopted by the Board provide a rigorous framework for assessing each proposal. Under the guidelines, each proposal must be evaluated on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances as presented.

For ease of reference, the procedures and guidelines often refer to all funds. However, our processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual funds. For most proxy proposals, particularly those involving corporate governance, the evaluation will result in the same position being taken across all of the funds and the funds voting as a block. In some cases, however, a fund may vote differently, depending upon the nature and objective of the fund, the composition of its portfolio, and other factors.

The guidelines do not permit the Board to delegate voting responsibility to a third party that does not serve as a fiduciary for the funds. Because many factors bear on each decision, the guidelines incorporate factors the Committee should consider in each voting decision. A fund may refrain from voting some or all of its shares or vote in a particular way if doing so would be in the fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests. These circumstances may arise, for example, the expected cost of voting exceeds the expected benefits of voting, if exercising the vote would result in the imposition trading or other restrictions, or if a fund (or all Vanguard funds in the aggregate) were to own more than the permissible maximum percentage of a company’s stock (as determined by the company’s governing documents or by applicable law, regulation, or regulatory agreement). evaluating proxy proposals, we consider information from many sources, including, but not limited to, the investment advisor for the fund, the management or shareholders of a company presenting a proposal, and independent proxy research services. We will give substantial weight to the recommendations of the company’s board, absent guidelines or other specific facts that would support a vote against management. In all cases, however, the ultimate decision rests with the members of the Committee, who are accountable to the fund’s Board.

While serving as a framework, the following guidelines cannot contemplate all possible proposals with which a fund may be presented. In the absence of a specific guideline for a particular proposal (e.g., in the case of a transactional issue or contested proxy), the Committee will evaluate the issue and cast the fund’s vote in a manner that, in the Committee’s view, will maximize the value of the fund’s investment, subject to the individual circumstances of the fund.

I. The Board of Directors

A. Election of directors

Good governance starts with a majority-independent board, whose key committees are made up entirely of independent directors. As such, companies should attest to the independence of directors who serve on the

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Compensation, Nominating, and Audit committees. In any instance in which a director is not categorically independent, the basis for the independence determination should be clearly explained in the proxy statement.

Although the funds will generally support the board’s nominees, the following factors will be taken into account in determining each fund’s vote:


Factors For Approval	Factors Against Approval
Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of	Nominated slate results in board made up of a majority of
independent directors.	non-independent directors.
All members of Audit, Nominating, and Compensation	Audit, Nominating, and/or Compensation committees include
committees are independent of management.	non-independent members.
	Incumbent board member failed to attend at least 75% of meetings in
	the previous year.
	Actions of committee(s) on which nominee serves are inconsistent with other
	guidelines (e.g., excessive equity grants, substantial non-audit fees, lack of
	board independence).
	Actions of committee(s) on which nominee serves demonstrate serious
	failures of governance (e.g., unilaterally acting to significantly reduce
	shareholder rights, failure to respond to previous vote results for directors
	and shareholder proposals).

B. Contested director elections

In the case of contested board elections, we will evaluate the nominees’ qualifications, the performance of the incumbent board, and the rationale behind the dissidents’ campaign, to determine the outcome that we believe will maximize shareholder value.

C. Classified boards

The funds will generally support proposals to declassify existing boards (whether proposed by management or shareholders), and will block efforts by companies to adopt classified board structures in which only part of the board is elected each year.

D. Proxy access

We believe that long-term investors may benefit from having proxy access, or the opportunity to place director nominees on a company’s proxy ballot. In our view, this improves shareholders’ ability to participate in director elections while potentially enhancing boards’ accountability and responsiveness to shareholders.

That said, we also believe that proxy access provisions should be appropriately limited to avoid abuse by investors who lack a meaningful long-term interest in the company. As such, we generally believe that a shareholder or group of shareholders representing 3% of a company’s outstanding shares held for at least three years should be able to nominate directors for up to 20% of the seats on the board.

We will review proposals regarding proxy access case by case. The funds will be most likely to support access provisions with the terms described above, but they may support different thresholds based on a company’s other governance provisions, as well as other relevant factors.

II. Approval of Independent Auditors

The relationship between the company and its auditors should be limited primarily to the audit, although it may include certain closely related activities that do not, in the aggregate, raise any appearance of impaired independence. The funds will generally support management’s recommendation for the ratification of the auditor, except in instances in which audit and audit-related fees make up less than 50% of the total fees paid by the company to the audit firm. We will evaluate on a case-by-case basis instances in which the audit firm has a substantial non-audit relationship with the company (regardless of its size relative to the audit fee) to determine whether independence has been compromised.

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III. Compensation Issues

A. Stock-based compensation plans

Appropriately designed stock-based compensation plans, administered by an independent committee of the board and approved by shareholders, can be an effective way to align the interests of long-term shareholders with the interests of management, employees, and directors. The funds oppose plans that substantially dilute their ownership interest in the company, provide participants with excessive awards, or have inherently objectionable structural features.

An independent compensation committee should have significant latitude to deliver varied compensation to motivate the company’s employees. However, we will evaluate compensation proposals in the context of several factors (a company’s industry, market capitalization, competitors for talent, etc.) to determine whether a particular plan or proposal balances the perspectives of employees and the company’s other shareholders. We will evaluate each proposal on a case-by-case basis, taking all material facts and circumstances into account.

The following factors will be among those considered in evaluating these proposals:


Factors For Approval	Factors Against Approval
Company requires senior executives to hold a minimum amount	Total potential dilution (including all stock-based plans) exceeds 15% of
of company stock (frequently expressed as a multiple of salary).	shares outstanding.
Company requires stock acquired through equity awards to be	Annual equity grants have exceeded 2% of shares outstanding.
held for a certain period of time.
Compensation program includes performance-vesting awards,	Plan permits repricing or replacement of options without
indexed options, or other performance-linked grants.	shareholder approval.
Concentration of equity grants to senior executives is limited	Plan provides for the issuance of reload options.
(indicating that the plan is very broad-based).
Stock-based compensation is clearly used as a substitute for	Plan contains automatic share replenishment (evergreen) feature.
cash in delivering market-competitive total pay.

B. Bonus plans

Bonus plans, which must be periodically submitted for shareholder approval to qualify for deductibility under Section 162(m) of the IRC, should have clearly defined performance criteria and maximum awards expressed in dollars. Bonus plans with awards that are excessive, in both absolute terms and relative to a comparative group, generally will not be supported.

C. Employee stock purchase plans

The funds will generally support the use of employee stock purchase plans to increase company stock ownership by employees, provided that shares purchased under the plan are acquired for no less than 85% of their market value and that shares reserved under the plan amount to less than 5% of the outstanding shares.

D. Advisory votes on executive compensation (Say on Pay)

In addition to proposals on specific equity or bonus plans, the funds are required to cast advisory votes approving many companies’ overall executive compensation plans (so-called Say on Pay votes). In evaluating these proposals, we consider a number of factors, including the amount of compensation that is at risk, the amount of equity-based compensation that is linked to the company’s performance, and the level of compensation as compared to industry peers. The funds will generally support pay programs that demonstrate effective linkage between pay and performance over time and that provide compensation opportunities that are competitive relative to industry peers. On the other hand, pay programs in which significant compensation is guaranteed or insufficiently linked to performance will be less likely to earn our support.

E. Executive severance agreements (golden parachutes)

Although executives’ incentives for continued employment should be more significant than severance benefits, there are instances—particularly in the event of a change in control—in which severance arrangements may be appropriate. Severance benefits payable upon a change of control AND an executive’s termination (so-called “double trigger” plans) are generally acceptable to the extent that benefits paid do not exceed three times salary and bonus. Arrangements in which the benefits exceed three times salary and bonus should be justified and submitted for shareholder approval. We

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do not generally support guaranteed severance absent a change in control or arrangements that do not require the termination of the executive (so-called “single trigger” plans).

IV. Corporate Structure and Shareholder Rights

The exercise of shareholder rights, in proportion to economic ownership, is a fundamental privilege of stock ownership that should not be unnecessarily limited. Such limits may be placed on shareholders’ ability to act by corporate charter or by-law provisions, or by the adoption of certain takeover provisions. In general, the market for corporate control should be allowed to function without undue interference from these artificial barriers.

The funds’ positions on a number of the most commonly presented issues in this area are as follows:

A. Shareholder rights plans (poison pills)

A company’s adoption of a so-called poison pill effectively limits a potential acquirer’s ability to buy a controlling interest

without the approval of the target’s board of directors. Such a plan, in conjunction with other takeover defenses, may serve to entrench incumbent management and directors. However, in other cases, a poison pill may force a suitor to negotiate with the board and result in the payment of a higher acquisition premium.

In general, shareholders should be afforded the opportunity to approve shareholder rights plans within a year of their adoption. This provides the board with the ability to put a poison pill in place for legitimate defensive purposes, subject to subsequent approval by shareholders. In evaluating the approval of proposed shareholder rights plans, we will consider the following factors:


Factors For Approval	Factors Against Approval
Plan is relatively short term (3-5 years).	Plan is long term (>5 years).
Plan requires shareholder approval for renewal.	Renewal of plan is automatic or does not require shareholder approval.
Plan incorporates review by a committee of independent	Board with limited independence.
directors at least every three years (so-called TIDE
provisions).
Ownership trigger is reasonable (15-20%).	Ownership trigger is less than 15%.
Highly independent, non-classified board.	Classified board.
Plan includes permitted-bid/qualified-offer feature (chewable
pill) that mandates a shareholder vote in certain situations.

B. Increase in authorized shares

The funds are supportive of companies seeking to increase authorized share amounts that do not potentially expose shareholders to excessive dilution. We will generally approve increases of up to 50% of the current share authorization, but will also consider a company’s specific circumstances and market practices.

C. Cumulative voting

The funds are generally opposed to cumulative voting under the premise that it allows shareholders a voice in director elections that is disproportionate to their economic investment in the corporation.

D. Supermajority vote requirements

The funds support shareholders’ ability to approve or reject matters presented for a vote based on a simple majority. Accordingly, the funds will support proposals to remove supermajority requirements and oppose proposals to impose them.

E. Right to call meetings and act by written consent

The funds support shareholders’ right to call special meetings of the board (for good cause and with ample representation) and to act by written consent. The funds will generally vote for proposals to grant these rights to shareholders and against proposals to abridge them.

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F. Confidential voting

The integrity of the voting process is enhanced substantially when shareholders (both institutions and individuals) can vote without fear of coercion or retribution based on their votes. As such, the funds support proposals to provide confidential voting.

G. Dual classes of stock

We are opposed to dual class capitalization structures that provide disparate voting rights to different groups of shareholders with similar economic investments. We will oppose the creation of separate classes with different voting rights and will support the dissolution of such classes.

V. Corporate and Social Policy Issues

We vote case by case on all environmental and social proposals. We evaluate these resolutions in the context of our view that a company’s board has ultimate responsibility for providing effective ongoing oversight of relevant sector- and company-specific risks, including those related to environmental and social matters. We evaluate each proposal on its merits and support those where we believe there is a logically demonstrable linkage between the specific proposal and long-term shareholder value. Some of the factors considered when evaluating these proposals include the materiality of the issue, the quality of the current disclosure and business practices, and any progress by the company toward the adoption of best practices and/or industry norms.

VI. Voting in Foreign Markets

Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements, and voting mechanics vary greatly among the markets outside the United States in which the funds may invest. Each fund’s votes will be used, where applicable, to advocate for improvements in governance and disclosure by each fund’s portfolio companies. We will evaluate issues presented to shareholders for each fund’s foreign holdings in the context with the guidelines described above, as well as local market standards and best practices. The funds will cast their votes in a manner believed to be philosophically consistent with these guidelines, while taking into account differing practices by market. In addition, there may be instances in which the funds elect not to vote, as described below.

Many foreign markets require that securities be “blocked” or reregistered to vote at a company’s meeting. Absent an issue of compelling economic importance, we will generally not subject the fund to the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements.

The costs of voting (e.g., custodian fees, vote agency fees) in foreign markets may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As such, the fund may limit its voting on foreign holdings in instances in which the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on shareholder value.

VII. Voting Shares of a Company that has an Ownership Limitation

Certain companies have provisions in their governing documents that restrict stock ownership in excess of a specified limit. Typically, these ownership restrictions are included in the governing documents of real estate investment trusts, but may be included in other companies’ governing documents.

A company’s governing documents normally allow the company to grant a waiver of these ownership limits, which would allow a fund (or all Vanguard-advised funds) to exceed the stated ownership limit. Sometimes a company will grant a waiver without restriction. From time to time, a company may grant a waiver only if a fund (or funds) agrees to not vote the company’s shares in excess of the normal specified limit. In such a circumstance, a fund may refrain from voting shares if owning the shares beyond the company’s specified limit is in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

In addition, applicable law may require prior regulatory approval to permit ownership of certain regulated issuer’s voting securities above certain limits or may impose other restrictions on owners of more than a certain percentage of a regulated issuer’s voting shares. The Board has authorized the funds to vote shares above these limits in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer’s entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror vote) or to refrain from voting excess shares if mirror voting is not practicable. For example, rules administered by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the FRB) generally require that a person seeking to own more than 10% of a bank regulated by the FRB seek

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prior approval. Vanguard has obtained regulatory approval that allows Vanguard funds to own up to 15% of a class of a bank’s outstanding voting shares without seeking prior regulatory approval, provided the funds’ shares in excess of 10% are mirror voted or not voted at all.

These ownership limits may be applied at the individual fund level, across all Vanguard-advised funds, or across all Vanguard funds, regardless of whether they are advised by Vanguard.

VIII. Voting on a Fund’s Holdings of Other Vanguard Funds

Certain Vanguard funds (owner funds) may, from time to time, own shares of other Vanguard funds (underlying funds). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the owner funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying fund.

IX. Investment Stewardship

The Board has delegated the day-to-day operation of the funds’ proxy voting process to the Investment Stewardship team (Investment Stewardship), which the Committee oversees. Although most votes will be determined, subject to the individual circumstances of each fund, by reference to the guidelines as separately adopted by each of the funds, there may be circumstances when Investment Stewardship will refer proxy issues to the Committee for consideration. In addition, at any time, the Board has the authority to vote proxies, when, at the Board’s or the Committee’s discretion, such action is warranted.

Investment Stewardship performs the following functions: (1) managing and conducting due diligence of proxy voting vendors; (2) reconciling share positions; (3) analyzing proxy proposals using factors described in the guidelines; (4) determining and addressing potential or actual conflicts of interest that may be presented by a particular proxy; and (5) voting proxies. Investment Stewardship also prepares periodic and special reports to the Board, and any proposed amendments to the procedures and guidelines.

X. The Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees, appoints the members of the Committee who are senior officers of Vanguard.

The Committee does not include anyone whose primary duties include external client relationship management or sales. This clear separation between the proxy voting and client relationship functions is intended to eliminate any potential conflict of interest in the proxy voting process. In the unlikely event that a member of the Committee believes he or she might have a conflict of interest regarding a proxy vote, that member must recuse himself or herself from the committee meeting at which the matter is addressed, and not participate in the voting decision.

The Committee works with Investment Stewardship to provide reports and other guidance to the Board regarding proxy voting by the funds. The Committee has an obligation to conduct its meetings and exercise its decision-making authority subject to the fiduciary standards of good faith, fairness, and Vanguard’s Code of Ethics. The Committee shall authorize proxy votes that the Committee determines, at its sole discretion, to be in the best interests of each fund’s shareholders. In determining how to apply the guidelines to a particular factual situation, the Committee may not take into account any interest that would conflict with the interest of fund shareholders in maximizing the value of their investments.

The Board may review these procedures and guidelines and modify them from time to time. A summary of the procedures and guidelines is available on Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com.

You may obtain a free copy of a report that details how the funds voted the proxies relating to the portfolio securities held by the funds for the prior 12-month period ended June 30 by logging on to Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com or the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE ETF SHARE CLASS

Each Fund (collectively, the ETF Funds) (other than Vanguard U.S. Growth, Vanguard International Growth, Vanguard Global Wellington, Vanguard Global Wellesley Income, and Vanguard FTSE Social Index Funds) offers and issues an exchange- traded class of shares called ETF Shares. Each Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as “Creation Units.” For Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index, Vanguard Consumer Staples Index, Vanguard Energy Index, Vanguard Financials Index, Vanguard Health Care Index, Vanguard Industrials Index, Vanguard Information Technology Index, Vanguard Materials Index, Vanguard Communication Services Index, Vanguard Utilities Index, Vanguard Mega Cap Index, Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index, and Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Funds, the number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit is 25,000; and for Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, the number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit is 50,000.

To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, you must be an Authorized Participant or you must transact through a broker that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a Participant Agreement with Vanguard Marketing Corporation, the Funds’ Distributor (the Distributor). For a current list of Authorized Participants, contact the Distributor.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. As with any stock traded on an exchange through a broker, purchases and sales of ETF Shares will be subject to usual and customary brokerage commissions.

Each ETF Fund issues Creation Units in kind in exchange for a basket of securities that are part of—or soon to be part of—its target index (Deposit Securities). Each ETF Fund also redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of securities that are part of the Fund’s portfolio holdings (Redemption Securities). As part of any creation or redemption transaction, the investor will either pay or receive some cash in addition to the securities, as described more fully on the following pages. Each ETF Fund reserves the right to issue Creation Units for cash, rather than in kind.

Exchange Listing and Trading

The ETF Shares have been approved for listing on a national securities exchange and will trade on the exchange at market prices that may differ from net asset value (NAV). There can be no assurance that, in the future, ETF Shares will continue to meet all of the exchange’s listing requirements. The exchange will institute procedures to delist a Fund’s ETF Shares if the Fund’s ETF Shares do not continuously comply with the exchange’s listing rules. The exchange will also delist a Fund’s ETF Shares upon termination of the ETF share class.

The exchange disseminates, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, an updated “indicative optimized portfolio value” (IOPV) for each ETF Fund as calculated by an information provider. The ETF Funds are not involved with or responsible for the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs, and they make no warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs. An IOPV for a Fund’s ETF Shares is disseminated every 15 seconds during regular exchange trading hours. An IOPV has a securities value component and a cash component. The securities values included in an IOPV are based on the real-time market prices of the Deposit Securities for a Fund’s ETF Shares. The IOPV is designed as an estimate of an ETF Fund’s NAV at a particular point in time, but it is only an estimate and should not be viewed as the actual NAV, which is calculated once each day.

Conversions and Exchanges

Owners of conventional shares (i.e., not exchange-traded shares) issued by an ETF Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same Fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services^®(Vanguard Brokerage) or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must contact his or her broker.

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Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after the broker notifies Vanguard of an investor’s request to convert, Vanguard will transfer conventional shares from the investor’s account with Vanguard to the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect the broker, not the investor, as the owner of the shares. Next, the broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes. The ETF Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the DTC. The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to the broker, and the broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to its customers.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if the investor owned 300.250 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.750 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.750 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. The broker then could either (1) take certain internal actions necessary to credit the investor’s account with 0.750 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to the investor’s account. If the broker chose to redeem the conventional shares, the investor would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on his or her tax return (unless the shares are held in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). An investor should consult his or her broker for information on how the broker will handle the conversion process, including whether the broker will impose a fee to process a conversion.

The conversion process works differently for investors who opt to hold ETF Shares through an account at Vanguard Brokerage. Investors who convert their conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage will have all conventional shares for which they request conversion converted to the equivalent dollar value of ETF Shares. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of an ETF Fund to ETF Shares:

The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on the broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when an ETF Fund declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.
During the conversion process, an investor will remain fully invested in the Fund‘s conventional shares, and the investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.
The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.
During the conversion process, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing Vanguard or the broker (depending on whether the shares are held in the investor’s account or the broker‘s omnibus account) to redeem the conventional shares. After the conversion process is complete, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing the broker to sell the ETF Shares.

Book Entry Only System

ETF Shares issued by the Funds are registered in the name of the DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and are deposited with, or on behalf of, the DTC. The DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (DTC Participants) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions among them through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. The DTC is a subsidiary of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), which is owned by certain participants of the DTCC’s subsidiaries, including the DTC. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (Indirect Participants).

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Beneficial ownership of ETF Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in ETF Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as Beneficial Owners) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by the DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from, or through, the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of ETF Shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire beneficial interests in ETF Shares.

Each ETF Fund recognizes the DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all ETF Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares are not entitled to have ETF Shares registered in their names and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of the DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests to exercise any rights of a holder of ETF Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. The DTC will make available to each ETF Fund, upon request and for a fee, a listing of the ETF Shares of the Fund held by each DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall obtain from each DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding ETF Shares, directly or indirectly, through the DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall provide each DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in form, in number and at such place as the DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that these communications may be transmitted by the DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to the Beneficial Owners. In addition, the ETF Fund shall pay to each DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to the DTC or its nominee as the registered holder of all ETF Shares. The DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit the DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in ETF Shares of the appropriate Fund as shown on the records of the DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The ETF Funds have no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners; for payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such ETF Shares; for maintenance, supervision, or review of any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests; or for any other aspect of the relationship between the DTC and DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

The DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to ETF Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the ETF Funds and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the ETF Funds shall take action either to find a replacement for the DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of ETF Shares, unless the ETF Funds make other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the exchange.

Purchase and Issuance of ETF Shares in Creation Units

Except for conversions to ETF Shares from conventional shares, the ETF Funds issue and sell ETF Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at their NAV next determined after receipt, of an order in proper form on any business day. The ETF Funds do not issue fractional Creation Units.

A business day is any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the NYSE observes the following U.S. holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day (observed); Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day.

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Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit from an ETF Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (Deposit Securities) and an amount of cash (Cash Component) consisting of a purchase balancing amount and a transaction fee (both described in the following paragraphs). Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the fund deposit.

The purchase balancing amount is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities (Deposit Amount). It ensures that the NAV of a fund deposit (not including the transaction fee) is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit it is used to purchase. If the purchase balancing amount is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the purchaser to an ETF Fund in cash. If the purchase balancing amount is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by an ETF Fund to the purchaser in cash (except as offset by the transaction fee).

Vanguard, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the next business day’s fund deposit for each ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). Each ETF Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming fund deposit.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a fund deposit may change from one day to another to reflect rebalancing adjustments and corporate actions, to reflect interest payments on underlying bonds, or to respond to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the relevant target index.

In addition, each ETF Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash—referred to as “cash in lieu”—to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. This might occur, for example, if a Deposit Security is not available in sufficient quantity for delivery, is not eligible for transfer through the applicable clearance and settlement system, or is not eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which an Authorized Participant is acting. Trading costs incurred by the ETF Fund in connection with the purchase of Deposit Securities with cash-in-lieu amounts will be an expense of the ETF Fund. However, Vanguard may adjust the Transaction Fee to protect existing shareholders from this expense.

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the appropriate ETF Fund, and the ETF Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

Procedures for Purchasing Creation Units. An Authorized Participant may place an order to purchase Creation Units from a stock ETF Fund either (1) through the Continuous Net Settlement (CNS) clearing processes of the NSCC as such processes have been enhanced to effect purchases of Creation Units, such processes being referred to herein as the Clearing Process, or (2) outside the Clearing Process. To purchase through the Clearing Process, an Authorized Participant must be a member of the NSCC that is eligible to use the CNS system. Purchases of Creation Units cleared through the Clearing Process will be subject to a lower transaction fee than those cleared outside the Clearing Process.

For all ETF Funds, to initiate a purchase order for a Creation Unit (either through the Clearing Process or outside the Clearing Process for stock ETF Funds), an Authorized Participant must submit an order in proper form to the Distributor and such order must be received by the Distributor prior to the closing time of regular trading on the NYSE (Closing Time) (ordinarily 4 p.m., Eastern time) to receive that day’s NAV. The date on which an order to purchase (or redeem) Creation Units is placed is referred to as the transmittal date. Authorized Participants must transmit orders using a transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.

Purchase orders effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the Authorized Participant earlier on the transmittal date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to the DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component.

Neither the Trust, the ETF Funds, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a purchase order by Closing Time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor’s phone or email systems were not operating properly).

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If you are not an Authorized Participant, you must place your purchase order in an acceptable form with an Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant may request that you make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash when required).

Placement of Purchase Orders for Vanguard U.S. Sector ETFs and Vanguard Mega Cap ETFs

Purchase Orders Using the Clearing Process

For purchase orders placed through the Clearing Process, the Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through the transfer agent or index receipt agent to the NSCC, on behalf of an Authorized Participant, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Authorized Participant’s purchase order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to the NSCC, the Authorized Participant agrees to deliver the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component to the appropriate ETF Fund, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor.

An order to purchase Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the ETF Fund’s designated agent before Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Such order will be effected based on the NAV of the ETF Fund next determined on that day. An order to purchase Creation Units through the Clearing Process made in proper form but received after Closing Time on the transmittal date will be deemed received on the next business day immediately following the transmittal date and will be effected at the NAV next determined on that day. The Deposit Securities and the Cash Component will be transferred by the second NSCC business day following the date on which the purchase request is deemed received.

Purchase Orders Outside the Clearing Process

An Authorized Participant that wishes to place an order to purchase Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must state that it is not using the Clearing Process and that the purchase instead will be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through the DTC. An order to purchase Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the ETF Fund’s designated agent on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the Distributor before Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

If a fund deposit is incomplete on the second business day after the trade date (the trade date, known as “T,” is the date on which the trade actually takes place; two business days after the trade date is known as “T+2”) because of the failed delivery of one or more of the Deposit Securities, an ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the purchase order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may issue Creation Units in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing Deposit Securities at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in an amount determined by the ETF Fund in accordance with the terms of the Participant Agreement.

Placement of Purchase Orders for Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury ETF. An Authorized Participant must deliver the cash and government securities portion of a fund deposit through the Federal Reserve’s Fedwire System and the corporate securities portion of a fund deposit through the DTC. If a fund deposit is incomplete on the third business day after the trade date (the trade date, known as “T,” is the date on which the trade actually takes place; two business days after the trade date is known as “T+2”) because of the failed delivery of one or more of the Deposit Securities, the ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the purchase order.

The ETF Fund may issue Creation Units in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing Deposit Securities at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in an amount determined by the Fund in accordance with the terms of the Participant Agreement.

Rejection of Purchase Orders. Each ETF Fund reserves the absolute right to reject a purchase order. By way of example, and not limitation, an ETF Fund will reject a purchase order if:

The order is not in proper form.
The Deposit Securities delivered are not the same (in name or amount) as the published basket.
Acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the ETF Fund.
Acceptance of the fund deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful.

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Acceptance of the fund deposit would otherwise, at the discretion of the ETF Fund or Vanguard, have an adverse effect on the Fund or any of its shareholders.
Circumstances outside the control of the ETF Fund, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, the Distributor, and Vanguard make it for all practical purposes impossible to process the order. Examples include, but are not limited to, natural disasters, public service disruptions, or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the aforementioned parties as well as the DTC, the NSCC, the Federal Reserve, or any other participant in the purchase process; and similar extraordinary events.

If the purchase order is rejected, the Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant that submitted the order. The ETF Funds, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, the Distributor, and Vanguard are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of a fund deposit, nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

Transaction Fee on Purchases of Creation Units. Each ETF Fund may impose a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by Vanguard from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard’s proprietary portal system. For all ETF Funds except Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, an additional charge may be imposed for purchases of Creation Units effected outside the Clearing Process. When an ETF Fund permits (or requires) a purchaser to substitute cash in lieu of depositing one or more Deposit Securities, the purchaser may be assessed an additional charge on the cash-in- lieu portion of the investment. The amount of this charge will be disclosed to investors before they place their orders. The amount will be determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion but will not be more than the Fund’s good faith estimate of the costs it will incur investing the cash in lieu, which may include, if applicable, market-impact costs. The maximum transaction fee on purchases of Creation Units, including any additional charges as described, shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

Redemption of ETF Shares in Creation Units

To be eligible to place a redemption order, you must be an Authorized Participant. Investors that are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant in order to redeem a Creation Unit.

ETF Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other transaction costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of ETF Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Redemption requests received on a business day in good order will receive the NAV next determined after the request is made.

Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for an ETF Fund, an investor tendering a Creation Unit generally will receive redemption proceeds consisting of (1) a basket of Redemption Securities; plus (2) a redemption balancing amount in cash equal to the difference between (x) the NAV of the Creation Unit being redeemed, as next determined after receipt of a request in proper form, and (y) the value of the Redemption Securities; less (3) a transaction fee. If the Redemption Securities have a value greater than the NAV of a Creation Unit, the redeeming investor will pay the redemption balancing amount in cash to the ETF Fund rather than receive such amount from the Fund.

Vanguard, through the NSCC, makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Redemption Security to be included in the next business day’s redemption basket for each ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). The basket of Redemption Securities provided to an investor redeeming a Creation Unit may not be identical to the basket of Deposit Securities required of an investor purchasing a Creation Unit. If an ETF Fund and a redeeming investor mutually agree, the Fund may provide the investor with a basket of Redemption Securities that differs from the composition of the redemption basket published through the NSCC.

Each ETF Fund reserves the right to deliver cash in lieu of any Redemption Security for the same reason it might accept cash in lieu of a Deposit Security, as previously discussed, or if the ETF Fund could not lawfully deliver the security or could not do so without first registering such security under federal or state law.

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Neither the Trust, the ETF Funds, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a redemption order by Closing Time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor’s phone or email systems were not operating properly).

Transaction Fee on Redemptions of Creation Units. Each ETF Fund imposes a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by Vanguard from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard’s proprietary portal system. For all ETF Funds except Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, an additional charge may be imposed for redemptions of Creation Units effected outside the Clearing Process. When an ETF Fund permits (or requires) a redeeming investor to receive cash in lieu of one or more Redemption Securities, the investor may be assessed an additional charge on the cash-in-lieu portion of the redemption. The amount of this charge will be disclosed to investors before they place their orders. The amount will vary as determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion but will not be more than the Fund’s good faith estimate of the costs it will incur by selling portfolio securities to raise the necessary cash, which may include, if applicable, market-impact costs. When the Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund permits (or requires) a redeeming investor to receive cash in lieu of one or more Redemption Securities, unlike for purchases, the Fund does not impose an additional variable charge on the cash-in-lieu portion. The maximum transaction fee on redemptions of Creation Units, including any additional charges as described, shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

Placement of Redemption Orders for Vanguard U.S. Sector ETFs and Vanguard Mega Cap ETFs

Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process

An Authorized Participant may place an order to redeem Creation Units of a stock ETF Fund either (1) through the CNS clearing processes of the NSCC as such processes have been enhanced to effect redemptions of Creation Units, such processes being referred to herein as the Clearing Process, or (2) outside the Clearing Process. To redeem through the Clearing Process, an Authorized Participant must be a member of the NSCC that is eligible to use the CNS system. Redemptions of Creation Units cleared through the Clearing Process will be subject to a lower transaction fee than those cleared outside the Clearing Process.

An order to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the ETF Fund’s designated agent before Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Such order will be effected based on the NAV of an ETF Fund next determined on that day. An order to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by an ETF Fund after Closing Time on the transmittal date will be deemed received on the next business day immediately following the transmittal date and will be effected at the NAV next determined on that day. The Redemption Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred by the second NSCC business day following the date on which the redemption request is deemed received.

Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process

An Authorized Participant that wishes to place an order to redeem a Creation Unit outside the Clearing Process must state that it is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption instead will be effected through a transfer of ETF Shares directly through the DTC. An order to redeem a Creation Unit of an ETF Fund outside the Clearing Process is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the ETF Fund’s designated agent before Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

If a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the transfer agent by an Authorized Participant prior to Closing Time on the transmittal date, then the value of the Redemption Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be determined by the ETF Fund on such transmittal date.

After the transfer agent has deemed an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process received, the transfer agent will initiate procedures to transfer the Redemption Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to the Authorized Participant on behalf of the redeeming Beneficial Owner by the second business day following the transmittal date on which such redemption order is deemed received by the transfer agent.

If on T+2 an Authorized Participant has failed to deliver all of the Vanguard ETF Shares it is seeking to redeem, the ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the redemption order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may deliver to the Authorized

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Participant the full complement of Redemption Securities and cash in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing ETF Shares at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in accordance with collateral procedures that are part of the Participant Agreement. In all cases the ETF Fund shall be entitled to charge the Authorized Participant for any costs (including investment losses, attorney’s fees, and interest) incurred by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

Each ETF Fund reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to require or permit a redeeming investor to receive the redemption proceeds in cash. In such cases, the investor would receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its ETF Shares based on the NAV of those shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a transaction fee, including a charge for cash redemptions, as previously discussed).

If an Authorized Participant, or a redeeming investor acting through an Authorized Participant, is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the basket of Redemption Securities, such investor may be paid an equivalent amount of cash in lieu of the security. In addition, each ETF Fund reserves the right to redeem Creation Units partially for cash to the extent that the Fund could not lawfully deliver one or more Redemption Securities or could not do so without first registering such securities under federal or state law.

Placement of Redemption Orders for Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury ETF. To initiate a redemption order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit such order in proper form to the Distributor before Closing Time in order to receive that day’s NAV. Authorized Participants must transmit orders using a transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.

If on the settlement date (typically T+2) an Authorized Participant has failed to deliver all of the Vanguard ETF Shares it is seeking to redeem, the ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the redemption order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may deliver to the Authorized Participant the full complement of Redemption Securities and cash in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing ETF Shares at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in accordance with collateral procedures that are part of the Participant Agreement. In all cases the ETF Fund shall be entitled to charge the Authorized Participant for any costs (including investment losses, attorney’s fees, and interest) incurred by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

Suspension of Redemption Rights. The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to an ETF Fund (1) for any period during which the NYSE or listing exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (2) for any period during which trading on the NYSE or listing exchange is suspended or restricted, (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Fund’s portfolio securities or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (4) in such other circumstances as the SEC permits.

Precautionary Notes

A precautionary note to retail investors: The DTC or its nominee will be the registered owner of all outstanding ETF Shares. Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the DTC and the DTC Participant broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income and capital gains distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

A precautionary note to purchasers of Creation Units: You should be aware of certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the issuing fund.

B-83

Because new ETF Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of ETF Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that you perform as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in your being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render you a statutory underwriter and subject you to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act). For example, you could be deemed a statutory underwriter if you purchase Creation Units from the issuing fund, break them down into the constituent ETF Shares, and sell those shares directly to customers or if you choose to couple the creation of a supply of new ETF Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for ETF Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with ETF Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act.

A precautionary note to shareholders redeeming Creation Units: An Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act will not be able to receive, as part of the redemption basket, restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

A precautionary note to investment companies: Vanguard ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Vanguard has obtained an SEC exemptive order that allows registered investment companies to invest in the issuing funds beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including the requirement to enter into a participation agreement with Vanguard.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Each Fund’s Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, appearing in the Fund’s 2017 Annual Reports to Shareholders, and the reports thereon of *, an independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. The unaudited Financial Statements for Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund’s fiscal period ended February 28, 2018 are incorporated by reference from that Fund’s 2018 Semiannual Report to Shareholders into this Statement of Additional Information. For a more complete discussion of each Fund’s performance, please see the Fund’s Annual and Semiannual Reports to Shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.

SAI 023 XX2018

B-84

PART C
VANGUARD WORLD FUND

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits


(a)	Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, to be
	filed by amendment.
(b)	By-Laws, Amended and Restated By-Laws, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 148
	dated December 21, 2017, are hereby incorporated by reference.
(c)	Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders, reference is made to Articles III and V of the
	Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, refer to Exhibit (a)
	above.
(d)	Investment Advisory Contracts, for Wellington Management Company LLP (with respect to
	Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund), filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 dated December
	15, 2010; for William Blair Investment Management, LLC, Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (with
	respect to Vanguard International Growth Fund), and Schroder Investment Management North
	America Inc., filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 dated April 8, 2011; for Schroder
	Investment Management North America Inc. (Sub-Advisory Agreement with Schroder
	Investment Management North America Limited), filed with Post-Effective Amendment No.
	126 on January 31, 2013; for Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (with respect to Vanguard U.S.
	Growth Fund) and for Jennison Associates LLC, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No.
	135 dated April 22, 2014; for Jackson Square Partners, LLC, filed with Post-Effective
	Amendment No. 137 dated December 23, 2014; and for Wellington Management Company
	LLP (with respect to Vanguard Global Wellington Fund and Vanguard Global Wellesley
	Income Fund), filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 dated October 10, 2017, are
	hereby incorporated by reference. The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides investment advisory
	services to Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund, Vanguard U.S. Sector Index Funds, Vanguard
	Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund, and Vanguard Mega Cap Index Funds at cost
	pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, refer to Exhibit (h)
	below.
(e)	Underwriting Contracts, not applicable.
(f)	Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts, reference is made to the section entitled “Management of
	the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement.
(g)	Custodian Agreements, for State Street Bank and Trust Company, Brown Brothers Harriman &
	Co., and JPMorgan Chase Bank, are filed herewith.
(h)	Other Material Contracts, Form of Authorized Participant Agreement, filed with Post-Effective
	Amendment No. 117 dated December 15, 2010, and Indemnity Agreement between The
	Vanguard Group, Inc., and William Blair Investment Management, LLC, filed with Post-Effective
	Amendment No. 119 dated December 20, 2011, are hereby incorporated by reference; and Fifth
	Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, is filed herewith.
(i)	Legal Opinion, not applicable.
(j)	Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, to be filed by
	amendment.
(k)	Omitted Financial Statements, not applicable.
(l)	Initial Capital Agreements, not applicable.
(m)	Rule 12b-1 Plan, not applicable.
(n)	Rule 18f-3 Plan, to be filed by amendment.
(o)	Reserved.
(p)	Codes of Ethics, for Jackson Square Partners, LLC, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No.
	137 dated December 23, 2014; for William Blair Investment Management, LLC, for Baillie Gifford
	Overseas Ltd., and for Jennison Associates LLC, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 141
	dated February 19, 2016; for Schroder Investment Management North America, Inc., filed with
	Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 dated December 22, 2016; for Wellington Management
	Company LLP, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 on July 26, 2017; and for The

Vanguard Group, Inc., filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 dated December 21, 2017,

are hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant

The Registrant does not control and is not under common control with any other person.

Item 30. Indemnification

The Registrant’s organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacities. Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer. Article VI of the By-Laws generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that capacity. Among other things, this provision excludes any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee’s or officer’s office with the Registrant.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) may be permitted for directors, officers, or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers

Wellington Management Company LLP (Wellington Management) is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). The list required by this Item 31 of officers and partners of Wellington Management, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and partners during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Wellington Management pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-15908).

Jackson Square Partners, LLC (Jackson Square), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Jackson Square, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Jackson Square pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-79255).

William Blair Investment Management, LLC (William Blair), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of William Blair, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by William Blair pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-80640).

Schroder Investment Management North America Inc. (Schroders), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Schroders, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Schroders pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-15834).

Schroder Investment Management North America Limited (Schroder Limited), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Schroder Limited, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Schroder Limited pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-37163).

Baillie Gifford Overseas Ltd. (Baillie Gifford), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Baillie Gifford, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Baillie Gifford pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-21051).

Jennison Associates LLC (Jennison), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Jennison, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Jennison pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-5608).

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Vanguard, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-11953).

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a) Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc., is the principal underwriter of each fund within the Vanguard group of investment companies, a family of over 200 funds.

(b) The principal business address of each named director and officer of Vanguard Marketing Corporation is 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355.


Name	Positions and Office with Underwriter	Positions and Office with Funds
Karin A.Risi	Director and Chairman and Principal and Chief Executive Officer	None
	Designee
Scott A. Conking	Director and Principal	None
Kevin Jestice	Director and Principal	None
Christopher D. McIsaac	Director and Principal	None
Thomas M. Rampulla	Director and Principal	None
Michael Rollings	Director and Principal	Finance Director
John E. Schadl	Director and Principal and General Counsel	None
Mortimer J. Buckley	President	Chief Executive Officer, President, and
		Trustee
Brian Dvorak	Assistant Vice President	Chief Compliance Officer
Caroline Cosby	Secretary	None
Beth Morales Singh	Assistant Secretary	None
Aisling Murphy	Chief Compliance Officer	None
John T. Marcante	Chief Information Officer	None
Ellen Rinaldi	Chief Information Security Officer	None
Salvatore L. Pantalone	Financial and Operations Principal and Treasurer	None
Amy M. Laursen	Financial and Operations Principal	None
Danielle Corey	Annuity and Insurance Officer	None
Jeff Seglem	Annuity and Insurance Officer	None
Matthew Benchener	Principal	None
John Bendl	Principal	None
Saundra K. Cusumano	Principal	None


Name		Positions and Office with Underwriter	Positions and Office with Funds
James M. Delaplane Jr.		Principal	None
Kathleen A. Graham-Kelly		Principal	None
Andrew Kadjeski		Principal	None
Martha G. King		Principal	None
Phillip Korenman		Principal	None
Mike Lucci		Principal	None
Alba E. Martinez		Principal	None
Brian McCarthy		Principal	None
James M. Norris		Principal	None
David Petty		Principal	None
Frank Satterthwaite		Principal	None


(c)	Not applicable.

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Transfer Agent, The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Custodians, State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, JPMorgan Chase Bank, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179, and Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 50 Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02110; and the Registrant’s investment advisors at their respective locations identified in this Registration Statement.

Item 34. Management Services

Other than as set forth in the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 2nd day of May, 2018.

VANGUARD WORLD FUND

BY:___________/s/ Mortimer J. Buckley*_________

Mortimer J. Buckley
Chief Executive Officer, President, and Trustee

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:


Signature	Title	Date

/S/ F. WILLIAM MCNABB III*	Chairman of the Board of	May 2, 2018
	Trustees
F. William McNabb III
/S/ MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY*	Chief Executive Officer,	May 2, 2018
	President, and Trustee
Mortimer J. Buckley
/S/ EMERSON U. FULLWOOD*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Emerson U. Fullwood
/S/ AMY GUTMANN*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Amy Gutmann
/S/ JOANN HEFFERNAN HEISEN*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen
/S/ F. JOSEPH LOUGHREY*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
F. Joseph Loughrey
/s/ MARK LOUGHRIDGE*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Mark Loughridge
/s/ SCOTT C. MALPASS*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Scott C. Malpass
/S/ DEANNA MULLIGAN*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Deanna Mulligan
/S/ ANDRÉ F. PEROLD*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
André F. Perold
/S/ SARAH BLOOM RASKIN*	Trustee	May 2, 2018
Sarah Bloom Raskin

*By: /s/ Anne E. Robinson

Anne E. Robinson, pursuant to a Power of Attorney filed on January 18, 2018, see file Number 33-32216, Incorporated by Reference.

INDEX TO EXHIBITS


Custodian Agreement, for Brown Brothers Harriman & Co	Ex-99.G
Custodian Agreement, for JP Morgan Chase Bank	Ex-99.G
Custodian Agreement, for State Street Bank and Trust Company.	Ex-99.G
Other Material Contracts, Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement	Ex-99.H

AMENDED AND RESTATED CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT, dated as of June 25, 2001, between certain open-end management investment companies (each investment company a “Fund”) organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"), on behalf of certain of their series (each series a “Series”), and BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO., a limited partnership formed under the laws of the State of New York (BBH&Co. or the Custodian),

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, each Fund has employed BBH&Co. to act as the Fund's custodian and to provide related services, all as provided herein; WHEREAS, the Securities and Exchange Commission has promulgated amendments to Rule 17f-5 and adopted Rule 17f-7 under the 1940 Act that establish rules regarding the custody of investment company assets held outside the United States; and WHEREAS, BBH&Co. is willing to provide services in connection with such Rules in accordance with the terms of this Amended Custodian Agreement; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained,

each Fund and BBH&Co. hereby agree, as follows:

1. Appointment of Custodian.

The Fund hereby appoints BBH&Co. as the Fund's custodian, and

BBH&Co. hereby accepts such appointment. All Investments of the Fund delivered to the Custodian or its

agents or Subcustodians shall be dealt with as provided in this Agreement. The duties of the Custodian with

respect to the Fund's Investments shall be set forth expressly in this Agreement and any addenda thereto

which duties are generally comprised of safekeeping and various administrative duties that will be

performed in accordance with Instructions and as reasonably required to effect Instructions.

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2. Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Fund. The Fund hereby represents, warrants

and covenants each of the following:

2.1 This Agreement has been, and at the time of delivery of each Instruction such Instruction will have been, duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Fund. This Agreement does not violate any Applicable Law or conflict with or constitute a default under the Fund's prospectus or other organic document, agreement, judgment, order or decree to which the Fund is a party or by which it or its Investments is bound. The Fund is and will be in compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to its operations, investments or activities.

2.2 By providing an Instruction with respect to the first acquisition of an Investment in a jurisdiction other than the United States of America, the Fund shall be deemed to have confirmed to the Custodian that the Fund has (a) assessed and accepted all material Country or Sovereign Risks and accepted responsibility for their occurrence, (b) made all determinations required to be made by the Fund under the 1940 Act, and (iii) appropriately and adequately disclosed to its shareholders, other investors and all persons who have rights in or to such Investments, all material investment risks, including those relating to the custody and settlement infrastructure or the servicing of securities in such jurisdiction.

2.3 The Fund shall safeguard and shall solely be responsible for the safekeeping of any testkeys, identification codes, passwords, other security devices or statements of account with which the Custodian provides it. In furtherance and not limitation of the foregoing, in the event the Fund utilizes any on-line service offered by the Custodian, the Fund and the Custodian shall be fully responsible for the security of each party’s connecting terminal, access thereto and the proper and authorized use thereof and the initiation and application of continuing effective safeguards in respect thereof. Additionally, if the Fund uses any on-line or similar communications service made available by the Custodian, the Fund shall be solely responsible for ensuring the security of its access to the service and for the use of the service, and shall only attempt to access the service and the Custodian’s computer systems as directed by the Custodian. If the Custodian provides any computer software to the Fund relating to the services described in this Agreement, the Fund will only use the software for the purposes for which the Custodian provided the software to the Fund, and will abide by the license agreement accompanying the software and any other security policies which the Custodian provides to the Fund.

3. Representation and Warranty of BBH&Co. BBH&Co. hereby represents and warrants that this

Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by BBH&Co. and does not and will not

violate any Applicable Law or conflict with or constitute a default under BBH&Co.'s limited partnership

agreement or any agreement, instrument, judgment, order or decree to which BBH&Co. is a party or by

which it is bound. BBH&Co. also warrants that it will comply with all applicable laws and regulations in

performance of its duties under this Agreement.

4. Instructions. Unless otherwise explicitly indicated herein, the Custodian shall perform its duties

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pursuant to Instructions. As used herein, the term Instruction shall mean a directive initiated by the Fund,

acting directly or through its board of directors or trustees, officers or other Authorized Persons, which

directive shall conform to the requirements of this Section 4.

4.1 Authorized Persons. For purposes hereof, an Authorized Person shall be a person or entity

authorized to give Instructions for or on behalf of the Fund by written notices to the Custodian or otherwise

in accordance with procedures delivered to the Custodian. The Custodian may treat any Authorized Person

as having full authority of the Fund to issue Instructions hereunder unless the notice of authorization

contains explicit limitations as to said authority. The Custodian shall be entitled to rely upon the authority

of Authorized Persons until it receives appropriate written notice from the Fund to the contrary.

4.2 Form of Instruction. Each Instruction shall be transmitted by such secured or authenticated

electro-mechanical means as the Custodian shall make available to the Fund from time to time unless the

Fund shall elect to transmit such Instruction in accordance with Subsections 4.2.1 through 4.2.3 of this

Section.

4.2.1 Fund Designated Secured-Transmission Method. Instructions may be transmitted through a secured or tested electro-mechanical means identified by the Fund or by an Authorized

Person entitled to give Instruction and acknowledged and accepted by the Custodian; it being understood that such acknowledgment shall authorize the Custodian to receive and process such means of delivery but shall not represent a judgment by the Custodian as to the reasonableness or security of the method determined by the Authorized Person.

4.2.2 Written Instructions. Instructions may be transmitted in a writing that bears the manual signature of Authorized Persons.

4.2.3 Other Forms of Instruction. Instructions may also be transmitted by another means determined by the Fund or Authorized Persons and acknowledged and accepted by the Custodian (subject to the same limits as to acknowledgements as is contained in Subsection 4.2.1, above) including Instructions given orally or by SWIFT, telex or telefax (whether tested or untested).

When an Instruction is given by means established under Subsections 4.2.1 through 4.2.3, it shall be the

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responsibility of the Custodian to use reasonable care to adhere to any security or other procedures

established in writing between the Custodian and the Authorized Person with respect to such means of

Instruction, but such Authorized Person shall be solely responsible for determining that the particular means

chosen is reasonable under the circumstances. If the Custodian believes that the means chosen are

unreasonable, it shall promptly notify an Authorized Person. Oral Instructions shall be binding upon the

Custodian only if and when an Authorized Person provides Instructions that conform to the requirements of

this Section 4. Any Oral Instructions shall promptly thereafter be confirmed in writing by an Authorized

Person (which confirmation may bear the facsimile signature of such Person). With respect to telefax

Instructions, the parties agree and acknowledge that receipt of legible Instructions cannot be assured and

that the Custodian cannot verify that authorized signatures on telefax Instructions are original or properly

affixed. If the Custodian determines that a telefax Instruction is illegible, the Custodian shall promptly

contact an Authorized Person and request a legible telefax Instruction. Provided the Custodian has

exercised the standard of care required herein with respect to receipt of Proper Instructions including but

not limited to any applicable security or authorization procedures, the Custodian shall not be liable for

losses or expenses incurred through actions taken in reliance on inaccurately stated or unauthorized telefax

Instructions. The provisions of Section 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code shall apply to Funds

Transfers performed in accordance with Instructions. In the event that a Funds Transfer Services

Agreement is executed between the Fund or an Authorized Person and the Custodian, such an agreement

shall comprise a designation of form of a means of delivering Instructions for purposes of this Section 4.2.

4.3 Completeness and Contents of Instructions. The Authorized Person shall be responsible for

assuring the adequacy and accuracy of Instructions. Particularly, upon any acquisition or disposition or

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other dealing in the Fund's Investments and upon any delivery and transfer of any Investment or moneys, the

person initiating such Instruction shall give the Custodian an Instruction with appropriate detail, including,

without limitation:

4.3.1 The transaction date and the date and location of settlement;

4.3.2 The specification of the type of transaction;

4.3.4 A description of the Investments or moneys in question, including, as appropriate,

quantity, price per unit, amount of money to be received or delivered and currency information. Where an Instruction is communicated by electronic means, or otherwise where an Instruction contains an identifying number such as a CUSIP, SEDOL or ISIN number, the Custodian shall be entitled to rely on such number as controlling notwithstanding any inconsistency contained in such Instruction, particularly with respect to Investment description. If the Custodian is aware of such an inconsistency in an Instruction, it shall give prompt notice of such inconsistency to an Authorized Person.

4.3.5 The name of the broker or similar entity concerned with execution of the transaction.

If the Custodian shall reasonably determine that an Instruction, including a telefax Instruction, is either

unclear or incomplete, the Custodian shall give prompt notice of such determination to the Fund, and the

Fund shall thereupon amend or otherwise reform such Instruction. In such event, the Custodian shall have

no obligation to take any action in response to the Instruction initially delivered until the redelivery of an

amended or reformed Instruction

4.4 Timeliness of Instructions. In giving an Instruction, the Fund shall take into consideration

delays which may occur due to the involvement of a Subcustodian or agent, differences in time zones, and

other factors particular to a given market, exchange or issuer. When the Custodian has established specific

timing requirements or deadlines with respect to particular classes of Instruction and the Custodian has

notified the Fund of such timing requirements and deadlines, or when an Instruction is received by the

Custodian at such a time that it could not reasonably be expected to have acted on such Instruction due to

time zone differences or other factors beyond its reasonable control, the execution of any Instruction

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received by the Custodian after such deadline or at such time (including any modification or revocation of a

previous Instruction) shall be at the risk of the Fund.

5. Safekeeping of Fund Assets.

The Custodian shall hold Investments delivered to it or

Subcustodians for the Fund in accordance with the provisions of this Section. The Custodian will identify

the Investments on its books as belonging to each individual Series. The Custodian shall not be responsible

for (a) the safekeeping of Investments not delivered or that are not caused to be issued to it or its

Subcustodians; or, (b) pre-existing faults or defects in Investments that are delivered to the Custodian, or its

Subcustodians. The Custodian or Subcustodian shall give prompt notice to the Fund of any pre-existing

faults or defects that it is aware of. The Custodian is hereby authorized to hold with itself or a

Subcustodian, and to record in one or more accounts, all Investments delivered to and accepted by the

Custodian, any Subcustodian or their respective agents pursuant to an Instruction or in consequence of any

corporate action. Each such account is a “Securities Account” (as such term is defined in the Uniform

Commercial Code as in effect from time to time in the State of New York (the “UCC”)). The Custodian

shall hold Investments for the account of the Fund and shall segregate Investments from assets belonging to

the Custodian and shall cause its Subcustodians to segregate Investments from assets belonging to the

Subcustodian in an account held for the Fund or in an account maintained by the Subcustodian generally for

non-proprietary assets of the Custodian.

The parties acknowledge that the Custodian and Subcustodians each are acting under this

Agreement as a “Securities Intermediary” (as such term is used and defined in the UCC). For the purposes

of this Agreement, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that (i) any Investment held by the Custodian

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or any Subcustodian shall constitute a “Financial Asset” (as such term is used and defined in the UCC), (ii)

the Fund may at any time issue one or more “Entitlement Orders” (as such term is used and defined in the

UCC) with respect to the Fund’s Investments, (iii) upon the Custodian’s or Subcustodian’s receipt of an

Investment for the benefit of the Fund, the Custodian or Subcustodian, as the case may be, shall credit to the

Fund a “Security Entitlement” (as such term is used and defined in the UCC), and (iv) the Fund shall have a

Security Entitlement with respect to all Investments held by the Custodian or Subcustodian.

5.1 Use of Securities Depositories. The Custodian may deposit and maintain Investments in any

Securities Depository, either directly or through one or more Subcustodians appointed by the Custodian.

Investments held in a Securities Depository shall be held (a) subject to the agreement, rules, statement of

terms and conditions or other document or conditions effective between the Securities Depository and the

Custodian or the Subcustodian, as the case may be, and (b) in an account for the Fund or in bulk segregation

in an account maintained for the non-proprietary assets of the entity holding such Investments in the

Depository. If market practice or the rules and regulations of the Securities Depository prevent the

Custodian, the Subcustodian or (any agent of either) from holding its client assets in such a separate

account, the Custodian, the Subcustodian or other agent shall as appropriate segregate such Investments for

the benefit of the Fund or for benefit of clients of the Custodian generally on its own books.

5.2 Certificated Assets. Investments which are certificated may be held in registered or bearer

form: (a) in the Custodian's vault; (b) in the vault of a Subcustodian or agent of the Custodian or a

Subcustodian; or (c) in an account maintained by the Custodian, Subcustodian or agent at a Securities

Depository; all in accordance with customary market practice in the jurisdiction in which any Investments

are held.

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5.3 Registered Assets. Investments which are registered may be registered in the name of the

Custodian, a Subcustodian, or in the name of the Fund or a nominee for any of the foregoing, and may be

held in any manner set forth in paragraph 5.2 above with or without any identification of fiduciary capacity

in such registration.

5.4 Book Entry Assets. Investments which are represented by book-entry may be so held in an

account maintained by the Book-Entry Agent on behalf of the Custodian, a Subcustodian or another agent

of the Custodian, or a Securities Depository.

5.5 Replacement of Lost Investments.

In the event of a loss of Investments for which the

Custodian is responsible under the terms of this Agreement, the Custodian shall promptly replace such

Investment, or in the event that such replacement cannot be effected, the Custodian shall pay to the Fund the

fair market value of such Investment based on the last available price as of the close of business in the

relevant market on the date that a claim was first made to the Custodian with respect to such loss.

6. Administrative Duties of the Custodian. The Custodian shall perform the following administrative

duties with respect to Investments of the Fund.

6.1 Purchase of Investments. Pursuant to Instruction, Investments purchased for the account of the Fund shall be paid for (a) against delivery thereof to the Custodian or a Subcustodian, as the case may be, either directly or through a Clearing Corporation or a Securities Depository (in accordance with the rules of such Securities Depository or such Clearing Corporation), or (b) otherwise in accordance with an Instruction, Applicable Law, generally accepted trade practices, or the terms of the instrument representing such Investment.

6.2 Sale of Investments. Pursuant to Instruction, Investments sold for the account of the Fund shall be delivered (a) against payment therefor in cash, by check or by bank wire transfer, (b) by credit to the account of the Custodian or the applicable Subcustodian, as the case may be, with a Clearing

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Corporation or a Securities Depository (in accordance with the rules of such Securities Depository or such Clearing Corporation), or (c) otherwise in accordance with an Instruction, Applicable Law, generally accepted trade practices, or the terms of the instrument representing such Investment.

6.3 Delivery in Connection with Borrowings of the Fund or other Collateral and Margin Requirements. Pursuant to Instruction, the Custodian may deliver Investments or cash of the Fund in connection with borrowings and other collateral and margin requirements.

6.4 Futures and Options. If, pursuant to an Instruction, the Custodian shall become a party to an agreement with the Fund and a futures commission merchant regarding margin (Tri-Party Agreement), the Custodian shall (a) receive and retain, to the extent the same are provided to the Custodian, confirmations or other documents evidencing the purchase or sale by the Fund of exchange-traded futures contracts and commodity options, (b) when required by such Tri-Party Agreement, deposit and maintain in an account opened pursuant to such Agreement (Margin Account), segregated either physically or by book-entry in a Securities Depository for the benefit of any futures commission merchant, such Investments as the Fund shall have designated as initial, maintenance or variation "margin" deposits or other collateral intended to secure the Fund's performance of its obligations under the terms of any exchange-traded futures contracts and commodity options; and (c) thereafter pay, release or transfer Investments into or out of the Margin Account in accordance with the provisions of the such Agreement. Alternatively, the Custodian may deliver Investments, in accordance with an Instruction, to a futures commission merchant for purposes of margin requirements in accordance with Rule 17f-6. The Custodian shall in no event be responsible for but shall give prompt notice to the Fund in the event it becomes aware of the acts and omissions of any futures commission merchant to whom Investments are delivered pursuant to this Section; for the sufficiency of Investments held in any Margin Account; or, for the performance of any terms of any exchange-traded futures contracts and commodity options.

6.5 Contractual Obligations and Similar Investments. From time to time, the Fund's Investments may include Investments that are not ownership interests as may be represented by certificate (whether registered or bearer), by entry in a Securities Depository or by book entry agent, registrar or similar agent for recording ownership interests in the relevant Investment. If the Fund shall at any time acquire such Investments, including without limitation deposit obligations, loan participations, repurchase agreements

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and derivative arrangements, the Custodian shall (a) receive and retain, to the extent the same are provided to the Custodian, confirmations or other documents evidencing the arrangement; and (b) perform on the Fund's account in accordance with the terms of the applicable arrangement, but only to the extent directed to do so by Instruction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility for agreements running to the Fund as to which it is not a party other than to retain, to the extent the same are provided to the Custodian, documents or copies of documents evidencing the arrangement and, in accordance with Instruction, to include such arrangements in reports made to the Fund.

6.6 Exchange of Securities. Unless otherwise directed by Instruction, the Custodian shall: (a) exchange securities held for the account of the Fund for other securities in connection with any reorganization, recapitalization, conversion, split-up, change of par value of shares or similar event, and (b) deposit any such securities in accordance with the terms of any reorganization or protective plan.

6.7 Surrender of Securities. Unless otherwise directed by Instruction, the Custodian may surrender securities: (a) in temporary form for definitive securities; (b) for transfer into the name of an entity allowable under Section 5.3; and (c) for a different number of certificates or instruments representing the same number of shares or the same principal amount of indebtedness.

6.8 Rights, Warrants, Etc. Pursuant to Instruction, the Custodian shall (a) deliver warrants, puts, calls, rights or similar securities to the issuer or trustee thereof, or to any agent of such issuer or trustee, for purposes of exercising such rights or selling such securities, and (b) deposit securities in response to any invitation for the tender thereof.

6.9 Mandatory Corporate Actions.

Unless otherwise directed by Instruction, the Custodian

shall: (a) comply with the terms of all mandatory or compulsory exchanges, calls, tenders, redemptions or similar rights of securities ownership affecting securities held on the Fund’s account and promptly notify the Fund of such action, and (b) collect all stock dividends, rights and other items of like nature with respect to such securities.

6.10 Income Collection.

Unless otherwise directed by Instruction, the Custodian shall collect

any amount due and payable to the Fund with respect to Investments and promptly credit the amount collected to a Principal or Agency Account; provided, however, that the Custodian shall not be responsible for: (a) the collection of amounts due and payable with respect to Investments that are in default, or (b) the

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collection of cash or share entitlements with respect to Investments that are not registered in the name of the Custodian or its Subcustodians. The Custodian is hereby authorized to endorse and deliver any instrument required to be so endorsed and delivered to effect collection of any amount due and payable to the Fund with respect to Investments.

6.11 Ownership Certificates and Disclosure of the Fund's Interest. The Custodian is hereby authorized to execute on behalf of the Fund ownership certificates, affidavits or other disclosure required under Applicable Law or established market practice in connection with the receipt of income, capital gains or other payments by the Fund with respect to Investments, or in connection with the sale, purchase or ownership of Investments.

6.12 Proxy Materials.

The Custodian shall deliver, or cause to be delivered promptly, to the

Fund proxy forms, notices of meeting, and any other notices or announcements materially affecting or

relating to Investments received by the Custodian or any nominee.

6.13 Tax Reclaim Service.

The Custodian will apply for a reduction of withholding tax and

any refund of any tax paid or tax credits which apply in each applicable market in respect of income payments on Investments for the benefit of the Fund which the Custodian believes may be available to such Fund. Where such reports are available, the Custodian shall periodically report to the Fund concerning the making of applications for a reduction of withholding tax and refund of any tax paid or tax credits which apply in each applicable market in respect of income payments on Investments for the benefit of the Fund. The provision of tax reclaim services by the Custodian is conditional upon the Custodian receiving from the Fund or, where required, the beneficial owner of Investments (a) a declaration of its identity and place of residence and (b) certain other documentation (pro forma copies of which are available from the Custodian). The Custodian shall use reasonable means to advise the Fund of the declarations, documentation and information which the Fund is to provide to the Custodian in order for the Custodian to provide the tax reclaim services described herein. The Fund shall provide to the Custodian such documentation and information as it may require in connection with taxation, and warrants that, when given, this information shall be true and correct in every respect, not misleading in any way, and contain all material information. The Fund undertakes to notify the Custodian immediately if any such information requires updating or amendment. The Custodian shall perform tax reclaim services only with respect to

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taxation by the revenue authorities of the countries notified to the Fund.

The Fund confirms that the Custodian is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to an account any taxes or levies required by any revenue or governmental authority for whatever reasons in respect of the accounts. The Custodian and the Fund shall promptly notify the other regarding any change in the Fund’s tax status with respect to withholding taxes of which it becomes aware. It is acknowledged that the Custodian does not offer tax advice and that the Fund should consult with its tax adviser as to tax matters.

6.14 Other Dealings. The Custodian shall otherwise act as directed by Instruction, including without limitation effecting the free payments of moneys or the free delivery of securities, provided that such Instruction shall indicate the purpose of such payment or delivery and that the Custodian shall record the party to whom such payment or delivery is made.

The Custodian shall attend to all nondiscretionary details in connection with the sale or purchase or

other administration of Investments, except as otherwise directed by an Instruction.

In fulfilling the duties set forth in Sections 6.6 through 6.10 above, the Custodian shall provide

promptly to the Fund all material information pertaining to a corporate action which the Custodian actually

receives. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the completeness or accuracy of such information as

long as the Custodian has shown due diligence in attempting to receive complete and accurate information.

Any advance credit of cash or shares expected to be received as a result of any corporate action shall be

subject to actual collection and may, when the Custodian deems collection unlikely, be reversed by the

Custodian. The Custodian shall notify the Fund at least 48 hours prior to any such reversal.

The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint (and may at any time remove)

agents (other than Subcustodians) to carry out some or all of the administrative provisions of this

Agreement (Agents), provided, however, that the appointment of such agent shall not relieve the Custodian

of its administrative obligations under this Agreement.

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7. Cash Accounts, Deposits and Money Movements.

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth

in this Section 7, the Fund hereby authorizes the Custodian to open and maintain, with itself or with

Subcustodians, cash accounts in United States Dollars, in such other currencies as are the currencies of the

countries in which the Fund maintains Investments or in such other currencies as the Fund shall from time to

time request by Instruction.

7.1 Types of Cash Accounts. Cash accounts opened on the books of the Custodian (Principal

Accounts) shall be opened in the name of the Fund. Such accounts collectively shall be a deposit

obligation of the Custodian and shall be subject to the terms of this Section 7 and the general liability

provisions contained in Section 9. Cash accounts opened on the books of a Subcustodian may be opened in

the name of the Fund or the Custodian or in the name of the Custodian for its customers generally (Agency

Accounts). Such deposits shall be obligations of the Subcustodian and shall be treated as an Investment of

the Fund. Accordingly, the Custodian shall be responsible for exercising reasonable care in the

administration of such accounts but shall not be liable for their repayment in the event such Subcustodian,

by reason of its bankruptcy, insolvency or sovereign risk/force majeure, fails to make repayment unless (a)

such Subcustodian is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the Custodian’s

negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct was the direct cause of the Subcustodian failing to make the

repayment or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and Subcustodian unrelated to the

Funds was the cause of the Subcustodian failing to make repayment. Under (a), (b) or (c) the Custodian

shall be liable for the repayment.

7.2 Payments and Credits with Respect to the Cash Accounts. The Custodian shall make

payments from or deposits to any of said accounts in the course of carrying out its administrative duties,

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including but not limited to income collection with respect to the Fund's Investments, and otherwise in

accordance with Instructions. The Custodian and its Subcustodians shall be required to credit amounts to

the cash accounts only when moneys are actually received in cleared funds in accordance with banking

practice in the country and currency of deposit. Any credit made to any Principal or Agency Account

before actual receipt of cleared funds shall be provisional and may be reversed by the Custodian in the

event such payment is not actually collected. The Custodian shall provide the Fund with at least 48 hours

notice prior to any such reversal. Unless otherwise specifically agreed in writing by the Custodian or any

Subcustodian, all deposits shall be payable only at the branch of the Custodian or Subcustodian where the

deposit is made or carried.

7.3 Currency and Related Risks. The Fund bears risks of holding or transacting in any currency.

The Custodian shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the applicability of any law or

regulation now or hereafter in effect, or from the occurrence of any event, which may delay or affect the

transferability, convertibility or availability of any currency in the country (a) in which such Principal or

Agency Accounts are maintained or (b) in which such currency is issued, and in no event shall the

Custodian be obligated to make payment of a deposit denominated in a currency during the period during

which its transferability, convertibility or availability has been affected by any such law, regulation or event.

The Custodian shall notify the Fund in the event it is aware that the Fund is entering into a transaction that

is, to its knowledge, illegal under local law. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, neither the

Custodian nor any Subcustodian shall be required to repay any deposit made at a foreign branch of either

the Custodian or Subcustodian if such branch cannot repay the deposit due to a cause for which the

Custodian would not be responsible in accordance with the terms of Section 9 of this Agreement unless the

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Custodian or such Subcustodian expressly agrees in writing to repay the deposit under such circumstances.

All currency transactions in any account opened pursuant to this Agreement are subject to exchange control

regulations of the United States and of the country where such currency is the lawful currency or where the

account is maintained. Any taxes, costs, charges or fees imposed on the convertibility of a currency held by

the Fund shall be for the account of the Fund unless such taxes, costs, charges or fees were due to an error

by the Custodian or Subcustodian.

7.4 Foreign Exchange Transactions. The Custodian shall, subject to the terms of this Section,

settle foreign exchange transactions (including contracts, futures, options and options on futures) on behalf

and for the account of the Fund with such currency brokers or banking institutions, including Subcustodians, as the Fund may direct pursuant to Instructions. The Custodian may act as principal in any foreign exchange transaction with the Fund in accordance with Section 7.4.2 of this Agreement. The

obligations of the Custodian in respect of all foreign exchange transactions (whether or not the Custodian

shall act as principal in such transaction) shall be contingent on the free, unencumbered transferability of the

currency transacted on the actual settlement date of the transaction.

7.4.1 Third Party Foreign Exchange Transactions. The Custodian shall process foreign exchange transactions (including without limitation contracts, futures, options, and options on futures), where any third party acts as principal counterparty to the Fund on the same basis it performs duties as agent for the Fund with respect to any other of the Fund's Investments. Accordingly the Custodian shall only be responsible for delivering or receiving currency on behalf of the Fund in respect of such contracts pursuant to Instructions. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the failure of any counterparty (including any Subcustodian) in such agency transaction to perform its obligations thereunder unless (a) such counterparty is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the Custodian’s negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct was the direct cause of the counterparty failing to perform its obligations or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and the counterparty unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the counterparty’s failure to perform. Under (a), (b) or (c) , the Custodian shall be liable. The Custodian (a) shall transmit cash and Instructions to and from the currency broker or banking institution with which a foreign exchange contract or option has been executed pursuant hereto, (b) may make free outgoing payments of cash in the form of Dollars or foreign currency without receiving confirmation of a foreign

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exchange contract or option or confirmation that the countervalue currency completing the foreign exchange contract has been delivered or received or that the option has been delivered or received, and (c) shall hold all confirmations, certificates and other documents and agreements received by the Custodian and evidencing or relating to such foreign exchange transactions in safekeeping. The Fund accepts full responsibility for its use of third-party foreign exchange dealers and for execution of said foreign exchange contracts and options and understands that the Fund shall be responsible for any and all costs and interest charges which may be incurred by the Fund or the Custodian as a result of the failure or delay of third parties to deliver foreign exchange. The Custodian or Subcustodian shall respectively be responsible for any failure or delay of third parties to deliver foreign exchange when either of those parties respectively is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with such third party.

7.4.2 Foreign Exchange with the Custodian as Principal. The Custodian may undertake foreign exchange transactions with the Fund as principal as the Custodian and the Fund may agree from time to time. In such event, the foreign exchange transaction will be performed in accordance with the particular agreement of the parties, or in the event a principal foreign exchange transaction is initiated by Instruction in the absence of specific agreement, such transaction will be performed in accordance with the usual commercial terms of the Custodian.

7.5 Delays. If no event of Force Majeure shall have occurred and be continuing and in the event

that a delay shall have been caused by the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct of the Custodian in

carrying out an Instruction to credit or transfer cash, the Custodian shall be liable to the Fund: (a) with

respect to Principal Accounts, for interest to be calculated at the rate customarily paid on such deposit and

currency by the Custodian on overnight deposits at the time the delay occurs for the period from the day

when the transfer should have been effected until the day it is in fact effected; and, (b) with respect to

Agency Accounts, for interest to be calculated at the rate customarily paid on such deposit and currency by

the Subcustodian on overnight deposits at the time the delay occurs for the period from the day when the

transfer should have been effected until the day it is in fact effected. The Custodian shall not be liable for

delays in carrying out such Instructions to transfer cash which are not due to the Custodian's own

negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. The Custodian shall make reasonable attempts where possible

to mitigate any such delays.

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7.6 Advances. If, for any reason in the conduct of its safekeeping duties pursuant to Section

5 hereof or its administration of the Fund's assets pursuant to Section 6 hereof, the Custodian or any

Subcustodian advances monies to facilitate settlement or otherwise for benefit of the Fund (whether or not

any Principal or Agency Account shall be overdrawn either during, or at the end of, any Business Day),

Fund hereby does:

7.6.1 grant to the Custodian a continuing security interest in certain Investments (as mutually agreed from time to time) as security for such Advance, such security interest to be effective only as long as such Advance remain outstanding; and,

7.6.2 agree that the Custodian may secure the resulting Advance by perfecting a security interest in such Investments under Applicable Law.

The Custodian shall promptly notify the Fund of any such Advances and the time at which such Advances must be repaid. Such Advances shall be deemed a loan payable on demand, bearing interest at the rate customarily charged by the Custodian on similar loans.

Neither the Custodian nor any Subcustodian shall be obligated to advance monies to the Fund, and in the event that such Advance occurs, any transaction giving rise to an Advance shall be for the account and risk of the Fund and shall not be deemed to be a transaction undertaken by the Custodian for its own account and risk. If such Advance shall have been made by a Subcustodian or any other person, the Custodian may assign any rights granted to the Custodian hereunder to such Subcustodian or other person. If the Fund shall fail to repay when due the principal balance of an Advance and accrued and unpaid interest thereon, the Custodian or its assignee, as the case may be, shall be entitled to utilize the available cash balance in the applicable Series Agency or Principal Account and to dispose of any agreed upon Investments to the extent necessary to recover payment of all principal of, and interest on, such Advance in full. The Custodian may assign any rights it has hereunder to a Subcustodian or third party. Any security interest in Investments taken hereunder shall be treated as Financial Assets credited to Securities Accounts under Articles 8 and 9 of the UCC. Accordingly, the Custodian shall have the rights and benefits of a secured creditor that is a Securities Intermediary under such Articles 8 and 9.

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7.7 Integrated Account. For purposes hereof, deposits maintained in all Principal Accounts for

each Series of each Fund (whether or not denominated in Dollars) shall collectively constitute a single and

indivisible current account with respect to that Series' obligations to the Custodian, or its assignee, and

balances in such Principal Accounts shall be available for satisfaction of that Series' obligations under this

Section 7. The Custodian shall further have a right of offset against the balances in any Agency Account

maintained hereunder to the extent that the aggregate of all Principal Accounts is overdrawn.

8. Subcustodians and Securities Depositories. Subject to the provisions hereinafter set forth in

this Section 8, the Fund hereby authorizes the Custodian to utilize Securities Depositories to act on behalf

of the Fund and to appoint from time to time and to utilize Subcustodians. With respect to securities and

funds held by a Subcustodian, either directly or indirectly (including by a Securities Depository or Clearing

Corporation), notwithstanding any provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, payment for securities

purchased and delivery of securities sold may be made prior to receipt of securities or payment,

respectively, and securities or payment may be received in a form, in accordance with (a) governmental

regulations, (b) rules of Securities Depositories and clearing agencies, (c) generally accepted trade practice

in the applicable local market, (d) the terms and characteristics of the particular Investment, or (e) the terms

of Instructions.

8.1 Domestic Subcustodians and Securities Depositories. The Custodian may deposit and/or

maintain, either directly or through one or more agents appointed by the Custodian, Investments of the Fund

in any Securities Depository in the United States, including The Depository Trust Company, provided such

Depository meets applicable requirements of the Federal Reserve Bank or of the Securities and Exchange

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Commission. The Custodian may, at any time and from time to time, appoint any bank as defined in Section

2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act meeting the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the

rules and regulations thereunder, to act on behalf of the Fund as a Subcustodian for purposes of holding

Investments of the Fund in the United States.

8.2 Foreign Subcustodians and Securities Depositories. Unless instructed otherwise by the

Fund, the Custodian may deposit and/or maintain non-U.S. Investments of the Fund in any non-U.S.

Securities Depository provided such Securities Depository meets the requirements of an "eligible securities

depository" under Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act, or any successor rule or regulation ("Rule

17f-7") or which by order of the Securities and Exchange Commission is exempted therefrom. Prior to the

time that securities are placed with such depository, but subject to the provisions of Section 8.2.5 below, the

Custodian shall have prepared an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the

Securities Depository and shall have established a system to monitor such risks on a continuing basis in

accordance with Subsection 8.2.3 of this Section. Additionally, the Custodian may, at any time and from

time to time, appoint (a) any bank, trust company or other entity meeting the requirements of an "eligible

foreign custodian" under Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act or which by order of the Securities and Exchange

Commission is exempted therefrom, or (b) any bank as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act meeting

the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations

thereunder, to act on behalf of the Fund as a Subcustodian for purposes of holding Investments of the Fund

outside the United States. Such appointment of foreign Subcustodians shall be subject to approval of the

Fund in accordance with Subsections 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 hereof, and the use of non-U.S. Securities

Depositories shall be subject to the terms of Subsections 8.2.3, 8.2.4 and 8.2.5 hereof. An Instruction to

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open an account in a given country shall comprise authorization of the Custodian to hold assets in such

country in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Custodian shall not be required to make

independent inquiry as to the authorization of the Fund to invest in such country.

8.2.1 Board Approval of Foreign Subcustodians. Unless and except to the extent that the Board has delegated to, and the Custodian has accepted delegation of, review of certain matters concerning the appointment of Subcustodians pursuant to Subsection 8.2.2, the Custodian shall, prior to the appointment of any Subcustodian for purposes of holding Investments of the Fund outside the United States, obtain written confirmation of the approval of the Board of Trustees or Directors of the Fund with respect to (a) the identity of a Subcustodian, and (b) the Subcustodian agreement which shall govern such appointment, such confirmation to be signed by an Authorized Person. Each such duly approved Subcustodian shall be listed on the Global Custody Network listing attached hereto as the same may from time to time be amended.

8.2.2 Delegation of Board Review of Subcustodians. From time to time, the Custodian may agree to perform certain reviews of Subcustodians and of Subcustodian Contracts as delegate of the Fund's Board. In such event, the Custodian's duties and obligations with respect to this delegated review will be performed in accordance with the terms of the attached 17f-5 Delegation Schedule to this Agreement.

8.2.3 Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Securities Depositories. Prior to the placement of any assets of the Fund with a Securities Depository, the Custodian: (a) shall provide to the Fund or its authorized representative an assessment of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with such Securities Depository; and (b) shall have established a system to monitor the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with such Securities Depository on a continuing basis and to promptly notify the Fund or its Investment Adviser of any material changes in such risk. In performing its duties under this subsection, the Custodian shall use reasonable care, prudence and diligence and may rely on such reasonable sources of information as may be available including but not limited to: (i) published ratings; (ii) information supplied by a Subcustodian that is a participant in such Securities Depository; (iii) industry surveys or publications; (iv) information supplied by the depository itself, by its auditors (internal or external) or by the relevant Foreign Financial Regulatory Authority. It is acknowledged that information procured through some or all of these sources may not be independently verifiable by the Custodian and that direct access to Securities Depositories is limited in most circumstances. Accordingly, the Custodian shall not be responsible for errors or omissions in its duties hereunder provided that it has performed its monitoring and assessment duties with reasonable care. The risk assessment shall be provided to the Fund or its Investment Adviser by such means as the Custodian shall reasonably establish. Advice of material change in such assessment may be provided by the Custodian in the manner established as customary between the Fund and the Custodian for transmission of material market information.

8.2.4 Withdrawal of Assets from Eligible Securities Depository. If the Fund or its authorized representative determines that a custody arrangement with an Eligible Securities Depository no longer meets the requirements of Rule 17f-7(a), the Fund or its Investment Adviser shall Instruct the Custodian to remove the Fund's Assets from the Depository as soon as reasonably practicable.

8.2.5 Special Transitional Rule. It is acknowledged that Rule 17f-7 has an effective

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date of July 1, 2001 and that the Custodian will require a period of time to fully prepare risk assessment information and to establish a risk monitoring system as provided in Subsection 8.2.3. Accordingly, until July 1, 2001, the Custodian shall use reasonable efforts to implement the measures required by Subsection 8.2.3, and shall in the interim provide to the Fund or its Investment Adviser the depository information customarily provided and shall promptly inform the Fund or its Investment Adviser of any material development affecting the custody risks associated with the maintenance of assets with a particular Securities Depository of which it becomes aware in the course of its general duties under this Agreement or from its duties under Subsection 8.2.3 as such duties have been implemented at any given time.

8.3 Responsibility for Subcustodians.

Except as provided in the last sentence of this

Section 8.3, the Custodian shall be liable to the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund caused by or

resulting from the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian to the extent that such acts or omissions would be

deemed to be negligence, gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith in accordance with the terms of

the relevant subcustodian agreement under the laws, circumstances and practices prevailing in the place

where the act or omission occurred.

The liability of the Custodian in respect of the countries and

subcustodians listed on the attached Subcustodian Liability Appendix to this Agreement, as such Appendix

may be amended from time to time, shall be subject to the additional condition that the Custodian actually

recovers such loss or damage from the Subcustodian.

8.4 New Countries. The Fund shall be responsible for informing the Custodian sufficiently in

advance of a proposed investment which is to be held in a country in which no Subcustodian is authorized

to act in order that the Custodian shall, if it deems appropriate to do so, have sufficient time to establish a

subcustodial arrangement in accordance herewith. In the event, however, the Custodian is unable to

establish such arrangements prior to the time such Investment is to be acquired, the Custodian is authorized

to designate at its discretion a local safekeeping agent, and the use of such local safekeeping agent shall be

at the sole risk of the Fund, and accordingly the Custodian shall be responsible to the Fund for the actions of

such agent if and only to the extent the Custodian shall have recovered from such agent for any damages

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caused the Fund by such agent. Notwithstanding the above, the Custodian shall be liable to the extent that

(a) such local safekeeping agent is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the

Custodian’s negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct is the direct cause of the local safekeeping agent

failing to make the repayment or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and the local

safekeeping agent unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the loss or damage. Under (a), (b) or (c) the

Custodian shall be liable.

9. Responsibility of the Custodian.

In performing its duties and obligations hereunder, the

Custodian shall use reasonable care under the facts and circumstances prevailing in the market where

performance is effected. Subject to the specific provisions of this Section, the Custodian shall be liable for

any direct damage incurred by the Fund in consequence of the Custodian's negligence, bad faith or willful

misconduct. The Custodian hereby indemnifies the Fund and agrees to hold the Fund harmless from and

against all claims and liabilities, including counsel fees and taxes, incurred or assessed against the Fund to

the extent that such claim or liability arises from the negligence, gross negligence, bad faith or willful

misconduct on the part of the Custodian itself. If a Fund gives written notice of claim to the Custodian, the

Custodian shall promptly give a written response to the Fund. Not more than 30 days following the date of

such response, unless the Custodian shall not be liable, the Custodian will pay the amount of such claim or

reimburse the Fund for any payment made by the Fund in respect thereof. In no event shall the Custodian

be liable hereunder for any special, indirect, punitive or consequential damages arising out of, pursuant to

or in connection with this Agreement even if the Custodian has been advised of the possibility of such

damages. It is agreed that the Custodian shall have no duty to assess the risks inherent in the Fund's

Investments or to provide investment advice with respect to such Investments and that the Fund as principal

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shall bear any risks attendant to particular Investments such as failure of counterparty or issuer. The

Custodian shall provide the Fund with its Market Practice Reports in respect of any foreign market where a

Series shall place and maintain Investments. In addition, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with access

to its Global Updates which address topical “market" events.

9.1 Force Majeure The Custodian shall not be responsible for any failure to perform its duties and correspondingly, shall not be liable for any loss, cost, damage or expense attributable to its failure to perform in consequence of a force majeure event. Force Majeure shall mean any circumstance or event which is beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, a Subcustodian or any agent of the Custodian or a Subcustodian and which adversely affects the performance by the above parties, including any event caused by, arising out of or involving (a) an act of God, (b) accident, fire, water damage or explosion, (c) any third party computer, system or other equipment failure or malfunction caused by any computer virus or the malfunction or failure of any communications medium, (d) any third party interruption of the power supply or other utility service, (e) any strike or other work stoppage, whether partial or total, (f) any delay or disruption resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, (g) any disruption of, or suspension of trading in, the securities, commodities or foreign exchange markets, whether or not resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, (h) any encumbrance on the transferability of a currency or a currency position on the actual settlement date of a foreign exchange transaction, whether or not resulting from or reflecting the occurrence of any Sovereign Risk, or (i) any other cause similarly beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian, provided always that this shall not affect the Custodian’s duty to indemnify the Fund for other losses, claims and liabilities for which the Custodian is bound to indemnify the Fund pursuant to Section 9. The Custodian and the Subcustodian shall take reasonable steps to mitigate additional damages. The Custodian shall notify the Fund when it becomes aware of a situation outlined above. The Fund shall not be responsible for temporary delays in the performance of its duties and obligations and correspondingly shall not be liable for any loss, cost, damage or expense attributable to such delay in consequence of a Force Majeure event as described above affecting the Fund’s principal place of business operations or administration; provided always that this shall not affect the Fund’s duty to indemnify the Custodian for losses, claims and liabilities for which the Fund is bound to indemnify the Custodian pursuant to Section 10.

9.2 Limitations of Performance. The Custodian shall not be responsible under this Agreement

for any failure to perform its duties, and shall not be liable hereunder for any loss or damage in association

with such failure to perform, for or in consequence of the following causes:

9.2.1 Country Risk. Country Risk shall mean, with respect to the acquisition, ownership, settlement or custody of Investments in a jurisdiction, all risks relating to, or arising in consequence of, systemic and markets factors affecting the acquisition, payment for or ownership of Investments including (a) the prevalence of crime and corruption, (b) the inaccuracy or unreliability of business and financial information, (c) the instability or volatility of banking and financial systems, or the absence or inadequacy of an infrastructure to support such systems, (d)

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custody and settlement infrastructure of the market in which such Investments are transacted and held, (e) the acts, omissions and operation of any Securities Depository, (f) the risk of the bankruptcy or insolvency of banking agents, counterparties to cash and securities transactions, registrars or transfer agents, and (g) the existence of market conditions which prevent the orderly execution or settlement of transactions or which affect the value of assets. The Custodian shall provide the Fund with its Market Practice Reports in respect of any foreign market where a Series shall place and maintain Investments. Such Market Practice Report may describe some of the Country Risks outlined above. In addition, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with access to its Global Updates which may describe some timely Country Risks outlined above.

9.2.2 Sovereign Risk. Sovereign Risk shall mean, in respect of any jurisdiction, including the United States of America, where Investments are acquired or held hereunder or under a Subcustody Agreement, (a) any act of war, terrorism, riot, insurrection or civil commotion, (b) the imposition of any investment, repatriation or exchange control restrictions by any Governmental Authority, (c) the confiscation, expropriation or nationalization of any Investments by any Governmental Authority, whether de facto or de jure, (d) any devaluation or revaluation of the currency, (e) the imposition of taxes, levies or other charges affecting Investments, (f) any change in the Applicable Law, or (g) any other economic or political risk incurred or experienced. The Custodian shall provide the Fund with its Market Practice Reports in respect of any foreign market where a Series shall place and maintain Investments. Such Market Practice Report may describe some of the Sovereign Risks outlined above. In addition, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with access to its Global Updates which may describe some timely Sovereign Risks outlined above.

9.3. Limitations on Liability. The Custodian shall not be liable for any loss, claim, damage or

other liability arising from the following causes:

9.3.1 Failure of Third Parties. The failure of any third party including: (a) any issuer of Investments or book-entry or other agent of an issuer; (b) any counterparty with respect to any Investment, including any issuer of exchange-traded or other futures, option, derivative or commodities contract; (c) failure of an Investment Advisor, Foreign Custody Manager or other agent of the Fund; or (d) failure of other third parties similarly beyond the control or choice of the Custodian unless: (a) any such third party is a parent, subsidiary or otherwise affiliated with the Custodian or (b) the Custodian’s negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct was the direct cause of the failure of the third party or (c) a transaction or other matter between the Custodian and the third party unrelated to the Funds was the cause of the failure of the third party. Under (a), (b) or

9.3.2 Information Sources. The Custodian may rely upon information received from issuers of Investments or agents of such issuers, information received from Subcustodians and

from other commercially reasonable sources such as commercial data bases and the like, but shall not be responsible for specific inaccuracies in such information, provided that the Custodian has relied upon such information in good faith, or for the failure of any commercially reasonable information provider.

9.3.3 Reliance on Instruction. Action by the Custodian or the Subcustodian in accordance with an Instruction, even when such action conflicts with, or is contrary to any provision of, the Fund's declaration of trust, certificate of incorporation or by-laws, Applicable Law, or actions by the trustees, directors or shareholders of the Fund. If the Custodian or Subcustodian is aware of any of the above, it shall promptly contact an officer of the Fund.

9.3.4 Restricted Securities.

The limitations inherent in the rights, transferability or

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similar investment characteristics of a given Investment of the Fund.

10. Indemnification. The Fund hereby indemnifies the Custodian and each Subcustodian, and their

respective agents, nominees and the partners, employees, officers and directors, and agrees to hold each of

them harmless from and against all claims and liabilities, including counsel fees and taxes, incurred or

assessed against any of them in connection with the performance of this Agreement and any Instruction

except to the extent that such claim or liability is the result of the negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct

of the Custodian or Subcustodian. If a Subcustodian or any other person indemnified under the preceding

sentence, gives written notice of claim to the Custodian, the Custodian shall promptly give written notice to

the Fund. Not more than thirty days following the date of such notice, unless the Custodian shall be liable

under Section 8 hereof in respect of such claim, the Fund will pay the amount of such claim or reimburse

the Custodian for any payment made by the Custodian in respect thereof.

11. Reports and Records. The Custodian shall:

11.1 create and maintain records relating to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement;

11.2 make available to the Fund, its auditors, agents and employees, upon reasonable request and during normal business hours of the Custodian, all records maintained by the Custodian pursuant to Section 11.1 above, subject, however, to all reasonable security requirements of the Custodian then applicable to the records of its custody customers generally; and

11.3 make available to the Fund all Electronic Reports; it being understood that the Custodian shall not be liable hereunder for the inaccuracy or incompleteness thereof or for errors in any information included therein except to the extent that such inaccuracy, incompleteness or errors are the result of the Custodian’s negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct.

All such reports and records shall, to the extent applicable, be maintained and preserved in

conformity with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Fund shall examine all records,

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howsoever produced or transmitted, promptly upon receipt thereof and notify the Custodian promptly of any

discrepancy or error therein. Unless the Fund delivers written notice of any such discrepancy or error

within a reasonable time after its receipt thereof, such records shall be deemed to be true and accurate. It is

understood that the Custodian now obtains and will in the future obtain information on the value of assets

from outside sources which may be utilized in certain reports made available to the Fund. The Custodian

deems such sources to be reliable but it is acknowledged and agreed that the Custodian does not verify nor

represent nor warrant as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and accordingly shall be

without liability in selecting and using such sources and furnishing such information as long as the

Custodian has shown due diligence in attempting to receive complete and accurate information.

12. Miscellaneous.

12.1 Proxies, etc. The Fund will promptly execute and deliver, upon request, such

proxies, powers of attorney or other instruments as may be necessary or desirable for the Custodian to

provide, or to cause any Subcustodian to provide, custody services.

12.2 Entire Agreement.

Except as specifically provided herein, this Agreement

constitutes the entire agreement between the Fund and the Custodian with respect to the subject matter

hereof. Accordingly, this Agreement supersedes any custody agreement or other oral or written agreements

heretofore in effect between the Fund and the Custodian with respect to the custody of the Fund's

Investments.

12.3 Waiver and Amendment. No provision of this Agreement may be waived,

amended or modified, and no addendum to this Agreement shall be or become effective, or be waived,

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amended or modified, except by an instrument in writing executed by the party against which enforcement

of such waiver, amendment or modification is sought; provided, however, that an Instruction shall, whether

or not such Instruction shall constitute a waiver, amendment or modification for purposes hereof, be

deemed to have been accepted by the Custodian when it commences actions pursuant thereto or in

accordance therewith.

12.4 GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE

CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, AND BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF, THE STATE OF

NEW YORK, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CONFLICTS OF LAW OF SUCH STATE.

12.5 Notices. Notices and other writings contemplated by this Agreement, other than

Instructions, shall be delivered (a) by hand, (b) by first class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid,

return receipt requested, (c) by a nationally recognized overnight courier or (d) by facsimile transmission,

provided that any notice or other writing sent by facsimile transmission shall also be mailed, postage

prepaid, to the party to whom such notice is addressed. All such notices shall be addressed, as follows:

If to the Fund:

Vanguard Group
P.O. Box 2600
Valley Forge, PA 19482

Attn: Assistant Treasurer Telephone: (610) 669-6106 Facsimile (610) 669-6112

If to the Custodian:

Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. 40 Water Street Boston, Massachusetts 02109

Attn: Manager, Investor Services Department Telephone: (617) 772-1818 Facsimile: (617) 772-2263,

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or such other address as the Fund or the Custodian may have designated in writing to the other.

12.6 Headings. Paragraph headings included herein are for convenience of reference

only and shall not modify, define, expand or limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.

12.7 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts,

each of which shall be deemed an original. This Agreement shall become effective when one or more

counterparts have been signed and delivered by the Fund and the Custodian.

12.8 Confidentiality. The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially the

terms and conditions of this Agreement and all information provided by each party to the other regarding its

business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party hereto shall be used by any other

party hereto solely for the purpose of rendering or obtaining services pursuant to this Agreement and,

except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party without

the prior consent of such providing party. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is

publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than through a breach of

this Agreement, or that is required to be disclosed by or to any bank examiner of the Custodian or any

Subcustodian, any Regulatory Authority, any auditor of the parties hereto, or by judicial or administrative

process or otherwise by Applicable Law.

12.9 Counsel. In fulfilling its duties hereunder, the Custodian shall be entitled to

receive and act upon the advice of (i) counsel regularly retained by the Custodian in respect of such matters,

(ii) counsel for the Fund or (iii) such counsel as the Fund and the Custodian may agree upon, with respect to

all matters, and the Custodian shall be without liability for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant

to such advice (except to the extent that such action was due to the Custodian’s negligence, bad faith or

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willful misconduct).

13. Definitions. The following defined terms will have the respective meanings set forth below.

13.1 Advance shall mean any extension of credit by or through the Custodian or by or through any Subcustodian and shall include amounts paid to third parties for the account of the Fund or in discharge of any expense, tax or other item payable by the Fund.

13.2 Agency Account shall mean any deposit account opened on the books of a Subcustodian or other banking institution in accordance with Section 7.1.

13.3 Agent shall have the meaning set forth in the last paragraph of Section 6.

13.4 Applicable Law shall mean with respect to each jurisdiction, all (a) laws, statutes, treaties, regulations, guidelines (or their equivalents); (b) orders, interpretations, licenses and permits; and (c) judgments, decrees, injunctions, writs, orders and similar actions by a court of competent jurisdiction; compliance with which is required or customarily observed in such jurisdiction.

13.5 Authorized Person shall mean any person or entity authorized to give Instructions on behalf of the Fund in accordance with Section 4.1.

13.6 Book-entry Agent shall mean an entity acting as agent for the issuer of Investments for purposes of recording ownership or similar entitlement to Investments, including without limitation a transfer agent or registrar.

13.7 Clearing Corporation shall mean any entity or system established for purposes of providing securities settlement and movement and associated functions for a given market.

13.8 Delegation Agreement shall mean any separate agreement entered into between the Custodian and the Fund or its authorized representative with respect to certain matters concerning the appointment and administration of Subcustodians delegated to the Custodian pursuant to Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act.

13.9 Foreign Custody Manager shall mean the Fund’s foreign custody manager appointed pursuant to Rule 17f-5 under the 1940 Act.

13.10 Foreign Financial Regulatory Authority shall have the meaning given by Section 2(a)(50) of the 1940 Act.

13.11 Funds Transfer Services Agreement shall mean any separate agreement entered into between the Custodian and the Fund or its authorized representative with respect to certain matters concerning the processing of payment orders from Principal Accounts of the Fund.

13.12 Instruction(s) shall have the meaning assigned in Section 4.

13.13 Investment Advisor shall mean any investment advisor as defined in Section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940.

13.14 Investments shall mean any investment asset of the Fund, including without limitation

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securities, bonds, notes, and debentures as well as receivables, derivatives, contractual rights or entitlements and other intangible assets.

13.15 Margin Account shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4 hereof.

13.16 Principal Account shall mean deposit accounts of the Fund carried on the books of BBH&Co. as principal in accordance with Section 7.

13.17 Safekeeping Account shall mean an account established on the books of the Custodian or any Subcustodian for purposes of segregating the interests of the Fund (or clients of the Custodian or Subcustodian) from the assets of the Custodian or any Subcustodian.

13.18 Securities Depository shall mean a central or book entry system or agency established under Applicable Law for purposes of recording the ownership and/or entitlement to investment securities for a given market that, if a foreign Securities Depository, meets the requirements of an "Eligible Securities Depository" as defined in Rule 17f-7 under the 1940 Act.

13.19 Subcustodian shall mean each foreign bank appointed by the Custodian pursuant to Section 8, but shall not include Securities Depositories.

13.20 Tri-Party Agreement shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6.4 hereof.

13.21 1940 Act shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940.

14. Compensation. The Fund agrees to pay to the Custodian for its services under this Agreement

such amount as may be agreed upon in writing from time to time (“Fee Schedule”).

15. Several Obligations of the Funds: With respect to any obligations of the Funds and their related

accounts arising hereunder, the Custodian shall look for payment or satisfaction of any such obligation

solely to the assets and property of the Fund and such accounts to which such obligation relates as though

each investment company had separately contracted with the Custodian by separate written instrument with

respect to each Fund and its accounts. The Custodian and each Subcustodian realize that the Fund is

comprised of one or more Series. The Custodian and each Subcustodian agree that it will honor and abide

by any and all Instructions or notices which the Custodian or Subcustodian may receive from time to time

from the Fund with respect to designating, marking, allocating or otherwise attributing securities to or for

the benefit of any one Series.

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16. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by either party in accordance with the

provisions of this Section. The provisions of this Agreement and any other rights or obligations incurred or

accrued by any party hereto prior to termination of this Agreement shall survive any termination of this

Agreement.

This Agreement may be terminated as to one or more Funds (but less than all the Funds) by

delivery of an amended List of Funds deleting all such Funds, in which case termination as to the deleted

Funds shall take effect sixty days after the date of such delivery. The execution and delivery of an amended

List of Funds which deletes one or more Funds, shall constitute a termination hereof only with respect to

such deleted Funds, shall be governed by the provisions of Section 16.2 as to the identification of a

successor custodian and the delivery of Investments of the Fund so deleted to such successor custodian, and

shall not affect the obligations of the Custodian hereunder with respect to the other Funds set forth in the

List of Funds, as amended from time to time.

16.1 Notice and Effect. This Agreement may be terminated by either party by written notice effective no sooner than sixty days following the date that notice to such effect shall be delivered to other party at its address set forth in paragraph 12.5 hereof.

16.2 Successor Custodian. In the event of the appointment of a successor custodian, it is agreed that the Investments of the Fund held by the Custodian or any Subcustodian shall be delivered to the successor custodian in accordance with reasonable Instructions. The Custodian agrees to cooperate with the Fund in the execution of documents and performance of other actions necessary or desirable in order to facilitate the succession of the new custodian. If no successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall in like manner transfer the Fund's Investments in accordance with Instructions.

16.3 Delayed Succession. If no Instruction has been given as of the effective date of termination, Custodian may at any time on or after such termination date and upon ten days written notice to the Fund either (a) deliver the Investments of the Fund held hereunder to the Fund at the address designated for receipt of notices hereunder; or (b) deliver any investments held hereunder to a bank or trust company having a capitalization of $2M USD equivalent and operating under the Applicable law of the jurisdiction where such Investments are located, such delivery to be at the risk of the Fund. In the event that Investments or moneys of the Fund remain in the custody of the Custodian or its Subcustodians after the date of termination owing to the failure of the Fund to issue Instructions with respect to their disposition or owing to the fact that such disposition could not be accomplished in accordance with such Instructions despite diligent efforts of the Custodian,

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the Custodian shall be entitled to compensation for its services with respect to such Investments and moneys during such period as the Custodian or its Subcustodians retain possession of such items and the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until disposition in accordance with this Section is accomplished.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of

the date first above written.

By: /s Robert Snowden

Assistant Treasurer

On behalf of the Funds included on the List of Funds attached hereto

BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.

By: /s Stokley P. Towles

Partner

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LIST OF FUNDS

SCHEDULE TO THE

CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

CERTAIN OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES (“FUNDS”)

and BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.

The following is a list of Funds and their Series for which the Custodian serves under an Amended

Custodian Agreement dated as of June 25, 2001 (the "Agreement"):

The following series of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds: Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Horizon Funds: Vanguard Global Asset Allocation Fund Vanguard Global Equity Fund

The following series of Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds Vanguard Tax-Managed International Fund

The following series of Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund: Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds-International Portfolio

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Schedule to be executed in its name


and on behalf of such Funds.
FUNDS	BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
By: /s Robert Snowden	By: /s Stokley P. Towles
Name: Robert Snowden	Name: Stokley P. Towles
Title: Assistant Treasurer	Title: Partner

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LIST OF FUNDS

AMENDED SCHEDULE TO THE CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

CERTAIN OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES (“FUNDS”)

and BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.

The following is a list of Funds and their Series for which the Custodian serves under an

Amended Custodian Agreement dated as of June 25, 2001 (the “Agreement”):

The following series of Vanguard Charlotte Funds:

Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Explorer Fund:

Vanguard Explorer Fund

The following series of Vanguard Fenway Funds:

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

The following series of Vanguard Horizon Funds:

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

The following series of Vanguard Index Funds:

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Institutional Index Funds:

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds:

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Malvern Funds:

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

The following series of Vanguard Montgomery Funds:

Vanguard Market Neutral Fund

0368459, v0.2

The following series of Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund:

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

The following series of Vanguard Specialized Funds:

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds:

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

The following series of Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund:

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Alternative Strategies Fund

The following series of Vanguard Valley Forge Funds:

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

The following series of Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds:

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Income Portfolio

International Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

The following series of Vanguard Whitehall Funds:

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund

The following series of Vanguard Windsor Funds:

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

0368459, v0.2

The following series of Vanguard World Fund:

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap 300 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Schedule to be executed in its name

and on behalf of such Funds on

, 2015.


FUNDS	BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
By:	By:______________________
Name: Jean E. Drabick	Name:
Title: Assistant Treasurer	Title:

0368459, v0.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT

This Amended and Restated Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, is between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Bank”), a national banking association with a place of business at 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179; and each of the open-end management investment companies listed on Exhibit 1 of this Agreement, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), organized as Delaware statutory trusts (each a “Trust”), severally and for and on behalf of certain of their respective portfolios listed on Exhibit 1 (each a “Fund”), each Trust and their respective Funds with a place of business at P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482. Each Trust for which Bank serves as custodian under this Agreement, shall individually be referred to as “Customer.”

1. INTENTION OF THE PARTIES; DEFINITIONS

1.1 INTENTION OF THE PARTIES.

(a) This Agreement sets out the terms governing custodial, settlement and certain other associated services offered by Bank to Customer. Bank shall be responsible for the performance of only

those duties that are set forth in this Agreement or expressly contained in Instructions that are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement and with Bank’s operations and procedures. Customer acknowledges that Bank is not providing any legal, tax or investment advice in providing the services hereunder.

(b) Investing in foreign markets may be a risky enterprise. The holding of Global Assets and cash in foreign jurisdictions may involve risks of loss or other special features. Bank shall not be liable for any loss that results from the general risks of investing or Country Risk.

1.2 DEFINITIONS.

(a) As used herein, the following terms have the meaning hereinafter stated.

“ACCOUNT” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.

“AFFILIATE” means an entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, Bank.

“AFFILIATED SUBCUSTODIAN” means a Subcustodian that is an Affiliate.

“APPLICABLE LAW” means any statute, whether national, state or local, applicable in the United States or any other country, the rules of the treaty establishing the European Community, other applicable treaties, any other law, rule, regulation or interpretation of any governmental entity, any applicable common law, and any decree, injunction, judgment, order, ruling, or writ of any governmental entity.

“AUTHORIZED PERSON” means any person (including an investment manager or other agent) who has been designated by written notice from Customer or its designated agent to act on behalf of Customer hereunder. Such persons shall continue to be Authorized Persons until such time as Bank receives Instructions from Customer or its designated agent that any such person is no longer an Authorized Person.

“BANK INDEMNITEES” means Bank, its Subcustodians, and their respective nominees, directors, officers and employees.

“BANK’S LONDON BRANCH” means the London branch office of Bank.

“CASH ACCOUNT” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(ii).

“CORPORATE ACTION” means any subscription right, bonus issue, stock repurchase plan, redemption, exchange, calls, redemptions, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization, conversions, consolidation, subdivision, takeover offer or similar matter with respect to a Financial Asset in the Securities Account that requires discretionary action by the holder, but does not include proxy voting.

“COUNTRY RISK” means the risk of investing or holding assets in a particular country or market, including, but not limited to, risks arising from: nationalization, expropriation or other governmental actions; the country’s financial infrastructure, including prevailing custody and settlement practices; laws applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Financial Assets and cash held in custody; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; and market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets.

“CUSTOMER” means individually each Trust and their respective Funds as listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

“ENTITLEMENT HOLDER” means the person named on the records of a Securities Intermediary as the person having a Securities Entitlement against the Securities Intermediary.

“FINANCIAL ASSET” means, as the context requires, either the asset itself or the means by which a person’s claim to it is evidenced, including a Security, a security certificate, or a Securities Entitlement. “Financial Asset” includes any Global Assets but does not include cash.

“FUND” means each portfolio of each Trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

“GLOBAL ASSET” means any “Financial Asset” (a) for which the principal trading market is located outside of the United States; (b) for which presentment for payment is to be made outside of the United States; or (c) which is acquired outside of the United States.

“INSTRUCTIONS” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement.

“LIABILITIES” means any liabilities, losses, claims, costs, damages, penalties, fines, obligations, or expenses of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’, accountants’, consultants’ or experts’ fees and disbursements).

“SECURITIES” means stocks, bonds, rights, warrants and other negotiable and non-negotiable instruments, whether issued in certificated or uncertificated form, that are commonly traded or dealt in on securities exchanges or financial markets. “Securities” also means other obligations of an issuer, or shares, participations and interests in an issuer recognized in the country in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment and any other property as may be acceptable to Bank for the Securities Account.

“SECURITIES ACCOUNT” means each Securities custody account on Bank’s records to which Financial Assets are or may be credited pursuant hereto.

“SECURITIES DEPOSITORY” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 of this Agreement.

“SECURITIES ENTITLEMENT” means the rights and property interest of an Entitlement Holder with respect to a Financial Asset as set forth in Part 5 of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York, as the same may be amended from time to time.

“SECURITIES INTERMEDIARY” means Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, and any other financial institution which in the ordinary course of business maintains custody accounts for others and acts in that capacity.

“SUBCUSTODIAN” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 and includes Affiliated Subcustodians.

“TRUST” means each open-end investment company organized as a Delaware business trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

(b) All terms in the singular shall have the same meaning in the plural unless the context otherwise provides and vice versa.

2. WHAT BANK IS REQUIRED TO DO

2.1 Set Up Accounts.

(a) Bank shall establish and maintain the following accounts (“Accounts”):

(i) a Securities Account in the name of Customer on behalf of each Fund for Financial Assets, which may be received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer, including as an Entitlement Holder; and

(ii) an account in the name of Customer (“Cash Account”) for any and all cash in any currency received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer.

Notwithstanding paragraph (ii), cash held in respect of those markets where Customer is required to have a cash account in its own name held directly with the relevant Subcustodian shall be held in that manner and shall not be part of the Cash Account. Bank shall notify Customer prior to the establishment of such an account.

(b) At the request of Customer, additional Accounts may be opened in the future, which shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement.

(c) Except as precluded by Section 8-501(d) of the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”), Bank shall hold all Securities and other Financial Assets, other than cash, of a Fund that are delivered to it in a “securities account” with Bank for and in the name of such Fund and shall treat all such assets other than cash as “financial assets” as those terms are used in the UCC.

2.2 Cash Account.

Except as otherwise provided in Instructions acceptable to Bank, all cash held in the Cash Account shall be deposited during the period it is credited to the Account in one or more deposit accounts at Bank or at Bank’s London Branch. Any cash so deposited with Bank’s London Branch shall be payable exclusively by Bank’s London Branch in the applicable currency, subject to compliance with any Applicable Law, including, without limitation, any restrictions on transactions in the applicable currency imposed by the country of the applicable currency.

2.3 Segregation of Assets; Nominee Name.

(a) Bank shall identify in its records that Financial Assets credited to Customer’s Securities Account belong to Customer on behalf of the relevant Fund (except as otherwise may be agreed by Bank

and Customer).

(b) To the extent permitted by Applicable Law or market practice, Bank shall require each Subcustodian to identify in its own records that Financial Assets credited to Customer’s Securities Account belong to customers of Bank, such that it is readily apparent that the Financial Assets do not belong to Bank or the Subcustodian.

(c) Bank is authorized, in its discretion, to hold in bearer form, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in bearer form or are delivered to Bank or its Subcustodian in bearer form; and to register in the name of the Customer, Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, or their respective nominees, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in registered form. Customer authorizes Bank or its Subcustodian to hold Financial Assets in omnibus accounts and shall accept delivery of Financial Assets of the same class and denomination as those deposited with Bank or its Subcustodian.

(d) Upon receipt of Instruction, Bank shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each Fund for purposes of segregating cash, government securities, and other assets in connection with derivative transactions entered into by a Fund or options purchased, sold or written by the Fund.

2.4 Settlement of Trades.

When Bank receives an Instruction directing settlement of a trade in Financial Assets that includes all information required by Bank, Bank shall use reasonable care to effect such settlement as instructed. Settlement of purchases and sales of Financial Assets shall be conducted in accordance with prevailing standards of the market in which the transaction occurs. The risk of loss shall be Customer’s whenever Bank delivers Financial Assets or payment in accordance with applicable market practice in advance of receipt or settlement of the expected consideration. In the case of the failure of Customer’s counterparty to deliver the expected consideration as agreed, Bank shall contact the counterparty to seek settlement and, if the settlement is not received, notify Customer, but Bank shall not be obligated to institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action.

2.5 Contractual Settlement Date Accounting.

(a) Bank shall effect book entries on a “contractual settlement date accounting” basis as described below with respect to the settlement of trades in those markets where Bank generally offers

contractual settlement day accounting and shall notify Customer of these markets from time to time.

(i) Sales: On the settlement date for a sale, Bank shall credit the Cash Account with the sale proceeds of the sale and transfer the relevant Financial Assets to an account pending settlement of the trade if not already delivered.

(ii) Purchases: On the settlement date for the purchase (or earlier, if market practice requires delivery of the purchase price before the settlement date), Bank shall debit the Cash Account with the settlement monies and credit a separate account. Bank then shall post the Securities Account as awaiting receipt of the expected Financial Assets. Customer shall not be entitled to the delivery of Financial Assets that are awaiting receipt until Bank or a Subcustodian actually receives them.

Bank reserves the right to restrict in good faith the availability of contractual day settlement accounting for credit reasons. Bank, whenever reasonably possible, will notify Customer prior to imposing such restrictions.

(b) Bank may (in its discretion) upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer, reverse any debit or credit made pursuant to Section 2.5(a) prior to a transaction’s actual settlement, and Customer shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Customer acknowledges that the procedures described in this sub-section are of an administrative nature, and Bank does not undertake to make loans and/or Financial Assets available to Customer.

2.6 Actual Settlement Date Accounting.

With respect to any sale or purchase transaction that is not posted to the Account on the contractual settlement date as referred to in Section 2.5, Bank shall post the transaction on the date on which the cash or Financial Assets received as consideration for the transaction is actually received by Bank.

2.7 Income Collection; Autocredit.

(a) Bank shall credit the Cash Account with income and redemption proceeds on Financial Assets in accordance with the times notified by Bank from time to time on or after the anticipated payment

date, net of any taxes that are withheld by Bank or any third party. Where no time is specified for a particular market, income and redemption proceeds from Financial Assets shall be credited only after actual receipt and reconciliation. Bank may reverse such credits upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer when Bank believes that the corresponding payment shall not be received by Bank within a reasonable period or such credit was incorrect.

(b) Bank shall make reasonable endeavors in its discretion to contact appropriate parties to collect unpaid interest, dividends or redemption proceeds, but neither Bank nor its Subcustodians shall be obliged to file any formal notice of default, institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action.

2.8 Fractions / Redemptions by Lot.

In the event that, as a result of holding Financial Assets in an omnibus account, the Customer receives fractional interests in Financial Assets arising out of a corporate action or class action litigation, Bank will credit the Customer with the amount of cash the Customer would have received, as reasonably determined by Bank, had the Financial Assets not been held in an omnibus account, and the Customer shall relinquish to Bank its interest in such fractional interests. If some, but not all, of an outstanding class of Financial Asset is called for redemption, Bank may allot the amount redeemed among the respective beneficial holders of such class of Financial Asset in any manner Bank reasonably deems to be fair and equitable. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any action taken pursuant to this section.

2.9 Presentation of Coupons; Certain Other Ministerial Acts.

Until Bank receives Instructions to the contrary, Bank shall:

(a) present all Financial Assets for which Bank has received notice of a call for redemption or that have otherwise matured, and all income and interest coupons and other income items that call for payment upon presentation;

(b) execute in the name of Customer such certificates as may be required to obtain payment in respect of Financial Assets; and

2.10 Corporate Actions; Class Action Litigation.

(a) Bank will follow Corporate Actions through receipt of notices from issuers, from Subcustodians, Securities Depositories and notices published in industry publications and reported in

reporting services. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any Corporate Action of which information is either (i) received by it or by a Subcustodian to the extent that Bank’s central corporate actions department has actual knowledge of the Corporate Action in time to notify its customers in a timely manner; or (ii) published via a formal notice in publications and reporting services routinely used by Bank for this purpose in time for Bank to notify its customers in a timely manner. Any notices received by Bank’s corporate actions department about U.S. settled securities class action litigation that requires action by affected owners of the underlying Financial Assets will be promptly provided to Customer if Bank, using reasonable care and diligence in the circumstances, identifies that Customer was a shareholder and held the relevant Financial Assets in custody with Bank at the relevant time. Bank will not make filings in the name of Customer in respect to such notifications except as otherwise agreed in writing between Customer and Bank.

(b) If an Authorized Person fails to provide Bank with timely Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action or class action, neither Bank nor its Subcustodians or their respective nominees will take any action in relation to that Corporate Action or class action, except as otherwise agreed in writing by Bank and Customer or as may be set forth by Bank as a default action in the notification it provides under Section 2.10(a) with respect to that Corporate Action or class action. If Customer provides Bank with Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action after the deadline set by Bank but before the deadline set by a Securities Depository, Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to act on such Instructions. If Bank fails to act on Instructions provided by Customer prior to the deadline set by Bank with respect to any Corporate Action, Bank will be liable for direct losses incurred by Customer.

2.11 Proxy Voting.

(a) Bank shall provide Customer or its agent with details of Securities in the Account on a daily basis (“Daily Holdings Data”), and Bank or its agent shall act in accordance with Instructions from

an Authorized Person in relation to matters Customer or its agent determine in their absolute discretion are to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets, based upon such Daily Holdings Data (“the proxy voting service”). Neither Bank nor its agent shall be under any duty to provide Customer or its agent with information which it or they receive on matters to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets.

(b) Bank or its agent shall act upon Instructions to vote, provided Instructions are received by Bank or its agent at its proxy voting department by the relevant deadline for such Instructions as determined by Bank or its agent. If Instructions are not received in a timely manner, neither Bank nor its agent shall be obligated to provide further notice to Customer.

(c) In markets where the proxy voting service is not available or where Bank has not received a duly completed enrollment form or other relevant documentation, Bank or its agent shall endeavor to act upon Instructions to vote on matters before meetings of holders of Financial Assets where it is reasonably

practicable for Bank or its agent (or its Subcustodians or nominees as the case may be) to do so and where such Instructions are received in time for Bank or its agent to take timely action.

(d) Customer acknowledges that the provision of the proxy voting service may be precluded or restricted under a variety of circumstances. These circumstances include, but are not limited to: (i) the Financial Assets being on loan or out for registration, (ii) the pendency of conversion or another corporate action, or (iii) Financial Assets being held at Customer’s request in a name not subject to the control of Bank or its Subcustodian, in a margin or collateral account at Bank or another bank or broker, or otherwise in a manner which affects voting, local market regulations or practices, or restrictions by the issuer. Additionally, in some markets, Bank may be required to vote all shares held for a particular issue for all of Bank’s customers in the same way. Bank or its agent shall inform Customer or its agent where this is the case.

(e) Notwithstanding the fact that Bank may act in a fiduciary capacity with respect to Customer under other agreements or otherwise hereunder, in performing the proxy voting service Bank shall be acting solely as the agent of Customer, and shall not exercise any discretion with regard to such proxy voting service or vote any proxy except when directed by an Authorized Person.

2.12 Statements and Information Available On-Line.

(a) Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer, at times mutually agreed, a statement of account in Bank’s standard format for each Account maintained by Customer with Bank,

identifying the Financial Assets and cash held in each Account. Bank also will provide to Customer, upon request, the capability to reformat the information contained in each statement of account. In addition, Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer an advice or notification of any transfers of cash or Financial Assets with respect to each Account. Bank will not be liable with respect to any matter set forth in those portions of any such statement of account or advice (or reasonably implied therefrom) to which Customer has not given Bank a written exception or objection within ninety days of receipt of such statement, provided such matter is not the result of Bank’s willful misconduct or bad faith.

(b) Prices and other information obtained from third parties which may be contained in any statement sent to Customer have been obtained from sources Bank believes to be reliable. Bank does not, however, make any representation as to the accuracy of such information or that the prices specified necessarily reflect the proceeds that would be received on a disposal of the relevant Financial Assets.

(c) Customer understands that records and reports, other than statements of account, that are available to it on-line on a real-time basis may not be accurate due to mis-postings, delays in updating Account records, and other causes. Bank will not be liable for any loss or damage arising out of the inaccuracy of any such records or reports that are accessed on-line on a real-time basis.

2.13 Access to Bank’s Records.

(a) Bank shall create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of Customer under the 1940 Act, with particular

attention to Section 31 thereof and rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be property of Customer. Bank will allow Customer’s duly authorized officers, employees, and agents, including Customer’s independent public accountants, and the employees and agents of the SEC access at all times during the regular business hours of Bank to such records. Except, in the case of access by the SEC as otherwise required by the SEC, such access will be subject to reasonable notice to Bank. Subject to restrictions under Applicable Law, Bank also will obtain an undertaking to permit Customer’s independent

public accountants reasonable access to the records of any Subcustodian of Securities held in the Securities Account as may be required in connection with such examination.

(b) In addition, Bank shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to any entity or entities appointed by the Customer to keep its books of account and/or compute its net asset value. Bank shall provide reports and other data as Customer may from time to time reasonably request to enable Customer to obtain, from year to year, favorable opinions from Customer’s independent accountants with respect to Bank’s activities hereunder in connection with (i) the preparation of any registration statement of Customer and any other reports required by a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund, and (ii) the fulfillment by Customer of any other requirements of a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund.

(c) Upon reasonable request of Customer, Bank shall provide Customer with a copy of Bank’s Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports (or any successor reports) prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT-C section 320, Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to User Entities’ Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (or any successor attestation standard). In addition, from time to time as requested, Bank will furnish Customer a “gap” or “bridge” letter that will address any material changes that might have occurred in Customer’s controls covered in the SOC Report from the end of the SOC Report period through a specified requested date. Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide Customer with such reports as Customer may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-l of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements. Upon reasonable request by Customer, Bank shall also provide to Customer customary sub-certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements. Upon written request, Bank shall provide Customer with information about Bank’s processes for the management and monitoring of Subcustodians for safeguarding Financial Assets.

2.14 Maintenance of Financial Assets at Bank and at Subcustodian Locations.

(a) Unless Instructions require another location acceptable to Bank, Global Assets shall be held in the country or jurisdiction in which their principal trading market is located, where such Global

Assets may be presented for payment, where such Financial Assets were acquired, or where such Financial Assets are held. Bank reserves the right to refuse to accept delivery of Global Assets or cash in countries and jurisdictions other than those referred to in Schedule 1 to this Agreement, as in effect from time to time.

(b) Bank shall not be obliged to follow an Instruction to hold Financial Assets with, or have them registered or recorded in the name of, any person not chosen by Bank. However, if Customer does instruct Bank to hold Securities with or register or record Securities in the name of a person not chosen by Bank, the consequences of doing so are at Customer’s own risk and Bank shall not be liable therefor.

2.15 Tax Reclaims.

Bank shall provide tax reclamation services as provided in Section 8.2.

2.16 Foreign Exchange Transactions.

To facilitate the administration of Customer’s trading and investment activity, Bank may, but shall not be obliged to, enter into spot or forward foreign exchange contracts with Customer, or an Authorized Person, and may also provide foreign exchange contracts and facilities through its Affiliates or Subcustodians. Instructions, including standing instructions, may be issued with respect to such contracts, but Bank may establish rules or limitations concerning any foreign exchange facility made available. In all cases where Bank, its Affiliates or Subcustodians enter into a master foreign exchange contract that covers foreign

exchange transactions for the Accounts, the terms and conditions of that foreign exchange contract and, to the extent not inconsistent, this Agreement, shall apply to such transactions.

2.17 Compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rule 17f-5 (“rule 17f-5”).

(a) Customer’s board of directors (or equivalent body) (hereinafter ‘Board’) hereby delegates to Bank, and, except as to the country or countries as to which Bank may, from time to time, advise

Customer that it does not accept such delegation, Bank hereby accepts the delegation to it, of the obligation to perform as Customer’s ‘Foreign Custody Manager’ (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(3) as promulgated under the 1940 Act), including for the purposes of: (i) selecting Eligible Foreign Custodians (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(1), and as the same may be amended from time to time, or that have otherwise been exempted pursuant to an SEC exemptive order) to hold foreign Financial Assets and cash, (ii) evaluating the contractual arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians (as set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(2)), and (iii) monitoring such foreign custody arrangements (as set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(3)).

(b) In connection with the foregoing, Bank shall:

(i) provide written reports notifying Customer’s Board of the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of any material change in the

arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians, with such reports to be provided to Customer’s Board at such times as the Board deems reasonable and appropriate based on the circumstances of Customer’s foreign custody arrangements (and until further notice from Customer such reports shall be provided not less than quarterly with respect to the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and with reasonable promptness upon the occurrence of any material change in the arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians);

(ii) exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing as Customer’s Foreign Custody Manager as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of foreign Financial Assets and cash would exercise;

(iii) in selecting an Eligible Foreign Custodian, first have determined that foreign Financial Assets and cash placed and maintained in the safekeeping of such Eligible Foreign Custodian shall be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, after having considered all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such foreign Financial Assets and cash, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(1)(i)-(iv);

(iv) determine that the written contract with an Eligible Foreign Custodian requires that the Eligible Foreign Custodian shall provide reasonable care for foreign Financial Assets and cash based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(2).

(v) have established a system to monitor the continued appropriateness of maintaining foreign Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of the governing contractual arrangements; it being understood, however, that in the event that Bank shall have determined that the existing Eligible Foreign Custodian in a given country would no longer afford foreign Financial Assets and cash reasonable care and that no other Eligible Foreign Custodian in that country would afford reasonable care, Bank shall promptly so advise Customer and shall then act in accordance with the Instructions of Customer with respect to the disposition of the affected foreign Financial Assets and cash.

(c) Subject to (b)(i)-(v) above, Bank is hereby authorized to place and maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash on behalf of Customer with Eligible Foreign Custodians pursuant to a written contract deemed appropriate by Bank. Each such contract shall, except as set forth in the last paragraph of this subsection (c), include provisions that provide:

(i) For indemnification or insurance arrangements (or any combination of the foregoing) that will adequately protect Customer against the risk of loss of Financial Assets and cash held in accordance with such contract;

(ii) That Customer’s Financial Assets will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash, liens or rights in favor of creditors of such Eligible Foreign Custodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws;

(iii) That beneficial ownership of Customer’s Assets will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration;

(iv) That adequate records will be maintained identifying Customer’s Assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer;

(v) That Customer’s independent public accountants will be given access to those records described in (iv) above or confirmation of the contents of those records; and

(vi) That Customer will receive sufficient and timely periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer’s Assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer’s account or a third party account containing Assets held for the benefit of Customer.

Such contract may contain, in lieu of any or all of the provisions specified in this subsection (c), such other provisions that Bank determines will provide, in their entirety, the same or a greater level of care and protection for Customer’s Assets as the specified provisions, in their entirety.

(d) Except as expressly provided herein, Customer shall be solely responsible to assure that the maintenance of foreign Financial Assets and cash hereunder complies with the rules, regulations, interpretations and exemptive orders as promulgated by or under the authority of the SEC.

(e) Bank represents to Customer that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in rule 17f-5(a)(7). Customer represents to Bank that: (1) the foreign Financial Assets and cash being placed and maintained in Bank’s custody are subject to the 1940 Act, as the same may be amended from time to time; (2) its Board has determined that it is reasonable to rely on Bank to perform as Customer’s Foreign Custody Manager; and (3) its Board or its investment adviser shall have determined that Customer may maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash in each country in which Customer’s Financial Assets and cash shall be held hereunder and determined to accept Country Risk. Nothing contained herein shall require Bank to make any selection or to engage in any monitoring on behalf of Customer that would entail consideration of Country Risk.

(f) Bank shall provide to Customer such information relating to Country Risk as is specified in Appendix 1 hereto. Customer hereby acknowledges that: (i) such information is solely designed to inform Customer of market conditions and procedures and is not intended as a recommendation to invest or not invest in particular markets; and (ii) Bank has gathered the information from sources it considers reliable,

but that Bank shall have no responsibility for inaccuracies or incomplete information, provided that Bank transmits the information using reasonable care.

2.18 Compliance with SEC rule 17f-7 (“rule 17f-7”).

(a) Bank shall, for consideration by Customer, provide an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer’s foreign Financial Assets with each Eligible Securities Depository

used by Bank as of the date hereof (or, in the case of an Eligible Securities Depository not used by Bank as of the date hereof, prior to the initial placement of Customer’s foreign Financial Assets at such Depository) and at which any foreign Financial Assets of Customer are held or are expected to be held. The foregoing analysis will be provided to Customer at Bank’s Website. In connection with the foregoing, Customer shall notify Bank of any Eligible Securities Depositories at which it does not choose to have its foreign Financial Assets held. Bank shall monitor the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer’s Financial Assets at each such Eligible Securities Depository on a continuing basis and shall promptly notify Customer or its investment adviser of any material changes in such risks.

(b) Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the requirements set forth in Section 2.18(a) above.

(c) Based on the information available to it in the exercise of diligence, Bank shall determine the eligibility under rule 17f-7 of each depository before including it on Schedule 3 hereto and shall promptly advise Customer if any Eligible Securities Depository ceases to be eligible. (Eligible Securities Depositories used by Bank as of the date hereof are set forth in Schedule 3 hereto, and as the same may be amended on notice to Customer from time to time.)

2.19 Service Level Agreement.

Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Bank agrees to perform the custody services provided for under this Agreement in a manner that meets or exceeds any service levels as may be agreed upon by the parties from time to time in a written document that is executed by both parties on or after the date of this Agreement, unless that written document specifically states that it is not contractually binding. For the avoidance of doubt, Bank’s Service Directory shall not be deemed to be such a written document.

3. INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 Acting on Instructions; Unclear Instructions.

(a) Bank is authorized to act under this Agreement (or to refrain from taking action) in accordance with the instructions received by Bank, via telephone, telex, facsimile transmission, or other

teleprocess or electronic instruction or trade information system acceptable to Bank (“Instructions”). Bank shall have no responsibility for the authenticity or propriety of any Instructions that Bank believes in good faith to have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify. Customer authorizes Bank to accept and act upon any Instructions received by it without inquiry. Customer shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold each of them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Bank Indemnitees as a result of any action or omission taken in accordance with any Instructions or other directions upon which Bank is authorized to rely under the terms of this Agreement, provided that Bank shall not be indemnified against or held harmless from any Liabilities arising out of Bank’s negligence, bad faith, fraud, or willful misconduct.

(b) Unless otherwise expressly provided, all Instructions shall continue in full force and effect until canceled or superseded.

(c) Bank may (in its sole discretion and without affecting any part of this Section 3.1) seek clarification or confirmation of an Instruction from an Authorized Person and may decline to act upon an Instruction if it does not receive clarification or confirmation satisfactory to it. Bank shall not, except as provided in Section 7.1 hereof, be liable for any loss arising from any delay while it seeks such clarification or confirmation.

(d) In executing or paying a payment order Bank may rely upon the identifying number (e.g. Fedwire routing number or account) of any party as instructed in the payment order. Customer assumes full responsibility for any inconsistency within an Instruction between the name and identifying number of any party in payment orders issued to Bank in Customer’s name.

3.2 Security Devices.

Either party may record any of their telephonic communications. Customer shall comply with any security procedures reasonably required by Bank from time to time with respect to verification of Instructions. Customer shall be responsible for safeguarding any test keys, identification codes or other security devices that Bank shall make available to Customer or any Authorized Person.

3.3 Instructions; Contrary to Law/Market Practice.

Bank need not act upon Instructions which it reasonably believes to be contrary to law, regulation or market practice but shall be under no duty to investigate whether any Instructions comply with Applicable Law or market practice. Bank shall notify Customer as soon as reasonably practicable if it does not act upon Instructions under this Section.

3.4 Cut-off Times.

Bank has established cut-off times for receipt of some categories of Instruction, which shall be made available to Customer. If Bank receives an Instruction after its established cut-off time, it shall attempt to act upon the Instruction on the day requested if Bank deems it practicable to do so or otherwise as soon as practicable on the next business day.

3.5 Electronic Access.

Access by the Customer to certain systems, applications or products of Bank shall be governed by this Agreement and the terms and conditions set forth in Annex A Electronic Access.

4. FEES, EXPENSES AND OTHER AMOUNTS OWING TO BANK

4.1 Fees and Expenses.

Customer shall pay Bank for its services hereunder the fees set forth in Schedule 2 hereto or such other amounts as may be agreed upon in writing from time to time.

4.2 Overdrafts.

If a debit to any currency in the Cash Account results in a debit balance in that currency then Bank may, in its discretion, advance an amount equal to the overdraft and such an advance shall be deemed a loan to

Customer, payable on demand, bearing interest at the rate agreed by Customer and Bank for the Accounts from time to time, or, in the absence of such an agreement, at the rate charged by Bank from time to time, for overdrafts incurred by customers similar to Customer, from the date of such advance to the date of payment (both after as well as before judgment) and otherwise on the terms on which Bank makes similar advances available from time to time. Bank shall promptly notify Customer of such an advance. No prior action or course of dealing on Bank’s part with respect to the settlement of transactions on Customer’s behalf shall be asserted by Customer against Bank for Bank’s refusal to make advances to the Cash Account or to settle any transaction for which Customer does not have sufficient available funds in the applicable currency in the Account.

4.3 Bank’s Right Over Securities; Set-off.

(a) Customer grants Bank a security interest in and a lien on the Financial Assets held in the Securities Account of a particular Fund as shall have a fair market value equal to the aggregate amount of

all overdrafts of such Fund, together with accrued interest, as security for any and all amounts which are now or become owing to Bank with respect to that Fund under any provision of this Agreement, whether or not matured or contingent (“Indebtedness”). Such lien and security interest shall be effective only so long as such advance, overdraft, or accrued interest thereon remains outstanding and Bank shall have all the rights and remedies of a secured party under the New York Uniform Commercial Code in respect of the repayment of the advance, overdraft or accrued interest. In this regard, Bank shall be entitled to (i) without notice to Customer, withhold delivery of such Financial Assets, and (ii) with two business days’ prior notice to the Customer and an opportunity for the Customer to satisfy such Indebtedness to Bank, sell or otherwise realize any of such Financial Assets and to apply the proceeds and any other monies credited to the Cash Account in satisfaction of such Indebtedness solely to the extent of such Indebtedness, provided, however, that Bank shall only be obligated to provide the Customer with same-day prior notice if Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, a delay would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness. During any such notice period, Bank will, at Customer’s request, consult with Customer regarding the selection of Financial Assets to be sold by Bank to satisfy the Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, only advances made by Bank under Section 4.2 are “Indebtedness” subject to this Section 4.3. No other outstanding amounts payable by Customer to Bank (including, without limitation, amounts payable by Customer under Section 4.1) are “Indebtedness” subject to this Section 4.3.

(b) Bank shall be further entitled to set any such Indebtedness off against any cash or deposit account of the Fund that incurred the Indebtedness with Bank or any of its Affiliates of which the Fund is the beneficial owner, regardless of the currency involved; Bank shall provide prior notice to Customer of its intent to exercise its set off rights against any cash or deposit account of the Fund, which notice shall be provided at least on the same day as the set off is effected, provided however that no prior notice is required in cases where Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, the delay required in order to provide prior notice would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness.

5. SUBCUSTODIANS, SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES, AND OTHER AGENTS

5.1 Appointment of Subcustodians; Use of Securities Depositories.

(a) Bank is authorized under this Agreement to act through and hold Customer’s Global Assets with subcustodians, being at the date of this Agreement the entities listed in Schedule 1 and/or such other

entities as Bank may appoint as subcustodians (“Subcustodians”). At the request of Customer, Bank may, but need not, add to Schedule 1 an Eligible Foreign Custodian where Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the selection thereof. Bank shall notify Customer in the event that it elects to add

any such entity. Bank shall use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the selection and continued appointment of such Subcustodians. In addition, Bank and each Subcustodian may deposit Global Assets with, and hold Global Assets in, any securities depository, settlement system, dematerialized book entry system or similar system (together a “Securities Depository”) on such terms as such systems customarily operate and Customer shall provide Bank with such documentation or acknowledgements that Bank may require to hold the Global Assets in such systems.

(b) Any agreement Bank enters into with a Subcustodian for holding Bank’s customers’ assets shall provide that: (i) such assets shall not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of such Subcustodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash deposits, except for liens or rights in favor of creditors of the Subcustodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws; (ii) beneficial ownership of such assets shall be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration; (iii) adequate records will be maintained identifying the assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer; (iv) Customer and Customer’s independent public accountants will be given reasonable access to those records or confirmation of the contents of those records; and (v) Customer will receive periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer’s assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer’s account or a third party account containing assets held for the benefit of Customer. Where a Subcustodian deposits Securities with a Securities Depository, Bank shall cause the Subcustodian to identify on its records as belonging to Bank, as agent, the Securities shown on the Subcustodian’s account at such Securities Depository. The foregoing shall not apply to the extent of any special agreement or arrangement made by Customer with any particular Subcustodian.

(c) Bank shall have no responsibility for any act or omission by (or the insolvency of) any Securities Depository. In the event Customer incurs a loss due to the negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, or insolvency of a Securities Depository, Bank shall make reasonable endeavors to seek recovery from the Securities Depository.

(d) The term Subcustodian as used herein shall mean the following:

(i) a “U.S. Bank” as such term is defined in rule 17f-5; and

(ii) an “Eligible Foreign Custodian” as such term is defined in rule 17f-5 and any other entity that shall have been so qualified by exemptive order, rule or other appropriate action of the

SEC.

(iii) For purposes of clarity, it is agreed that as used in Section 5.2(a), the term Subcustodian shall not include any Eligible Foreign Custodian as to which Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager.

(e) The term ‘securities depository’ as used herein when referring to a securities depository located outside the U.S. shall mean an “Eligible Securities Depository” as defined in rule 17f-7, or that has otherwise been made exempt pursuant to an SEC exemptive order.

(f) The term ‘securities depository’ as used herein when referring to a securities depository located in the U.S. shall mean a “Securities Depository” as defined in rule 17f-4.

5.2 Liability for Subcustodians.

(a) Subject to the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall be liable for direct Liabilities incurred by Customer that result from: (i) the acts or omissions of any

Subcustodian selected by Bank, whether domestic or foreign, to the same extent as if such act or omission was performed by Bank itself, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market; or (ii) the insolvency of any Affiliated Subcustodian. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall take full responsibility for any Liabilities that result from or that are caused by the fraud, willful misconduct, or negligence of its Subcustodians or the insolvency of an Affiliated Subcustodian. In the event of any Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian for which Bank would otherwise be liable, Bank shall promptly reimburse Customer in the amount of any such Liabilities.

(b) Subject to Section 7.1(a) and Bank’s duty to use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the monitoring of a Subcustodian’s financial condition as reflected in its published financial statements and other publicly available financial information concerning it, Bank shall not be responsible for the insolvency of any Subcustodian which is not a branch or an Affiliated Subcustodian.

(c) Bank reserves the right to add, replace or remove Subcustodians. Bank shall give Customer prompt notice of any such action, which shall be advance notice if practicable. Upon request by Customer, Bank shall identify the name, address and principal place of business of any Subcustodian and the name and address of the governmental agency or other regulatory authority that supervises or regulates such Subcustodian.

5.3 Use of Agents.

(a) Bank may provide certain services under this Agreement through third parties. These third parties may be Affiliates. Except to the extent provided in Section 5.2 with respect to Subcustodians, Bank

shall not be responsible for any loss as a result of a failure by any broker or any other third party that it selects and retains using reasonable care and without negligence to provide ancillary services, such as pricing, proxy voting, and corporate action services, that it does not customarily provide itself. Nevertheless, Bank shall be liable for the performance of any such service provider selected by Bank that is an Affiliate to the same extent as Bank would have been liable if it performed such services itself.

(b) Bank shall execute transactions involving Financial Assets of United States origin through a broker which is an Affiliate (i) in the case of the sale under Section 2.8 of a fractional interest or (ii) if an Authorized Person directs Bank to use the affiliated broker or otherwise requests that Bank select a broker for that transaction, unless, in either case, the Affiliate does not execute similar transactions in such Financial Assets. The affiliated broker may charge its customary commission (or retain its customary spread) with respect to either such transaction.

6. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CUSTOMER

6.1 Representations of Customer and Bank.

(a) Customer represents and warrants to Bank that: (i) it has full authority and power, and has obtained all necessary authorizations and consents, to deposit and control the Financial Assets and cash in

the Accounts, to use Bank as its custodian in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and to incur indebtedness, pledge Financial Assets as contemplated by Section 4.3, and enter into foreign exchange transactions; and (ii) this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance

with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Bank may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank’s obligations hereunder.

(b) Bank represents and warrants to Customer that this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Customer may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Customer’s obligations hereunder.

6.2 Customer to Provide Certain Information to Bank.

Upon request, Customer shall promptly provide to Bank such information about itself and its financial status as Bank may reasonably request, including Customer’s organizational documents and its current audited and unaudited financial statements.

6.3 Customer is Liable to Bank Even if it is Acting for Another Person.

If Customer is acting as an agent for a disclosed or undisclosed principal in respect of any transaction, cash, or Financial Asset, Bank nevertheless shall treat Customer as its principal for all purposes under this Agreement. In this regard, Customer shall be liable to Bank as a principal in respect of any transactions relating to the Account. The foregoing shall not affect any rights Bank might have against Customer’s principal.

6.4 Several Obligations of the Trusts and the Funds.

This Agreement is executed on behalf of the Board of Trustees of each Fund as Trustees and not individually and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of each Fund severally and not jointly. With respect to any obligations of Customer arising out of this Agreement, Bank shall look for payment or satisfaction of any obligation solely to the assets of the Fund to which such obligation relates as though Bank had separately contracted by separate written instrument with respect to the Fund.

7. WHEN BANK IS LIABLE TO CUSTOMER

7.1 Standard of Care; Liability.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in carrying out all of its duties and obligations under this Agreement (except

to the extent Applicable Law provides for a higher standard of care, in which case such higher standard shall apply), and shall be liable to Customer for any and all Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer resulting from the failure of Bank to exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence or resulting from Bank’s negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud and to the extent provided in Section 5.2(a). Unless otherwise specified or required by Applicable Law, Bank shall not be in violation of this Agreement with respect to any matter as to which it has satisfied the standard of care under this Agreement.

(b) Bank shall not be liable under any circumstances for any indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages (including, without limitation, lost profits) of any form incurred by any person, whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be brought, with respect to the Accounts or Bank’s performance hereunder or Bank’s role as custodian.

(c) Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, each Customer severally and not jointly shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against any of the Bank Indemnitees in connection with or arising out of Bank’s performance under this Agreement, provided the Bank Indemnitees have not acted with negligence or bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct in connection with the Liabilities in question. Nevertheless, Customer shall not be obligated to indemnify any Bank Indemnitee under the preceding sentence with respect to any Liability for which Bank is liable under Section 5.2 of this Agreement. Bank shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder).

(d) Subject to any obligation Customer may have to indemnify Bank with respect to amounts claimed by third parties, Customer shall have no liability whatsoever for any consequential, special, indirect or speculative loss or damages (including, but not limited to, lost profits) suffered by Bank Indemnitees in connection with the transactions and services contemplated hereby and the relationship established hereby even if Customer has been advised as to the possibility of the same and regardless of the form of action.

(e) Without limiting Subsections 7.1 (a) or (b), Bank shall have no duty or responsibility to: (i) question Instructions or make any suggestions to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding such Instructions, provided that Bank believes in good faith that such Instructions have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify; (ii) supervise or make recommendations with respect to investments or the retention of Financial Assets; (iii) advise Customer or an Authorized Person regarding any default in the payment of principal or income of any security other than as provided in Section 2.7(b) of this Agreement; (iv) except as otherwise expressly required herein, evaluate or report to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding the financial condition of any broker, agent or other party to which Bank is instructed to deliver Financial Assets or cash; or (v) except for trades settled at DTC where the broker provides DTC trade confirmation and Customer provides for Bank to receive the trade instruction, review or reconcile trade confirmations received from brokers (and Customer or its Authorized Persons issuing Instructions shall bear any responsibility to review such confirmations against Instructions issued to and statements issued by Bank).

(f) Bank shall indemnify the Customer from and against any and all Liabilities which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Customer resulting directly either from Bank’s negligence, bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its obligations or duties hereunder, or from any act or omission by a Subcustodian in the performance of its subcustodial obligations or duties hereunder for which Bank is expressly liable under Section 5.2, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market, provided that (i) in no event shall the Bank be obliged to indemnify Customer from against any Liability (or any claim for a Liability) to the extent such Liability is described in clause 7.1(b) this Agreement and (ii) the Customer shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder).

7.2 Force Majeure.

So long as Bank maintains and updates its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures as set forth in Section 10.8, Bank shall have no liability for any damage, loss or expense of any nature that Customer may suffer or incur, caused by an act of God, fire, flood, civil or labor disturbance, war, act of any governmental authority or other act or threat of any authority (de jure or de facto), legal constraint, fraud or forgery (except by Bank or Bank Indemnitees), malfunction of equipment or software (except to the extent such malfunction is primarily attributable to Bank’s negligence, or willful misconduct in maintaining the equipment or software), failure of or the effect of rules or operations of any external funds

transfer system, inability to obtain or interruption of external communications facilities, or any cause beyond the reasonable control of Bank (including without limitation, the non-availability of appropriate foreign exchange). Bank shall endeavor to promptly notify Customer when it becomes aware of any situation outlined above, but shall not be liable for failure to do so. If Bank is prevented from carrying out its obligations under this Agreement for a period of thirty days, Customer may terminate the Agreement by giving Bank not less than thirty days’ notice, without prejudice to any of the rights of any party accrued prior to the date of termination.

7.3 Bank May Consult With Counsel.

Bank shall be entitled to rely on, and may act upon the advice of professional advisers in relation to matters of law, regulation or market practice (which may be the professional advisers of Customer), and shall not be liable to Customer for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice; provided that Bank has selected and retained such professional advisers using reasonable care and acts reasonably in reliance on the advice.

7.4 Bank Provides Diverse Financial Services and May Generate Profits as a Result.

Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may have a material interest in transactions entered into by Customer with respect to the Account or that circumstances are such that Bank may have a potential conflict of duty or interest. For example, Bank or its Affiliates may act as a market maker in the Financial Assets to which Instructions relate, provide brokerage services to other customers, act as financial adviser to the issuer of such Financial Assets, act in the same transaction as agent for more than one customer, have a material interest in the issue of the Financial Assets, or earn profits from any of these activities. Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may be in possession of information tending to show that the Instructions received may not be in the best interests of Customer. Bank is not under any duty to disclose any such information.

8. TAXATION

8.1 Tax Obligations.

(a) Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to the Cash Account any taxes or levies required by any revenue or Governmental authority for whatever

reason in respect of Customer’s Accounts.

(b) If Bank does not receive appropriate declarations, documentation and information then additional United Kingdom taxation shall be deducted from all income received in respect of the Financial Assets issued outside the United Kingdom (which shall for this purpose include United Kingdom Eurobonds) and any applicable United States tax (including, but not limited to, non-resident alien tax) shall be deducted from United States source income. Customer shall provide to Bank such certifications, documentation, and information as it may require in connection with taxation, and warrants that, when given, this information is true and correct in every respect, not misleading in any way, and contains all material information. Customer undertakes to notify Bank immediately if any information requires updating or correcting.

(c) Customer shall be responsible for the payment of all taxes relating to the Financial Assets in the Securities Account, and Customer shall pay, indemnify and hold Bank harmless from and against any and all liabilities, penalties, interest or additions to tax with respect to or resulting from, any delay in, or failure by, Bank (1) to pay, withhold or report any U.S. federal, state or local taxes or foreign taxes imposed on, or (2) to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account, whether

such failure or delay by Bank to pay, withhold or report tax or income is the result of (x) Customer’s failure to comply with the terms of this paragraph, or (y) Bank’s own acts or omissions; provided however, Customer shall not be liable to Bank for any penalty or additions to tax due as a result of Bank’s failure to pay or withhold tax or to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account solely as a result of Bank’s negligent acts or omissions.

8.2 Tax Reclaims.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section, Bank shall apply for a reduction of withholding tax and any refund of any tax paid or tax credits in respect of income payments on Financial Assets credited

to the Securities Account that Bank believes may be available.

(b) The provision of a tax reclamation service by Bank is conditional upon Bank receiving from Customer (i) a declaration of its identity and place of residence and (ii) certain other documentation (pro forma copies of which are available from Bank). If Financial Assets credited to the Account are beneficially owned by someone other than Customer, this information shall be necessary with respect to the beneficial owner. Customer acknowledges that Bank shall be unable to perform tax reclamation services unless it receives this information.

(c) Bank shall perform tax reclamation services only with respect to taxation levied by the revenue authorities of the countries advised to Customer from time to time and Bank may, by notification in writing, in its absolute discretion, supplement or amend the countries in which the tax reclamation services are offered. Other than as expressly provided in this Section 8.2, Bank shall have no responsibility with regard to Customer’s tax position or status in any jurisdiction.

(d) Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to disclose any information requested by any revenue authority or any governmental body in relation to the processing of any tax reclaim.

9. TERMINATION

(a) Either party may terminate this Agreement by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than sixty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Customer, for itself or on behalf of a Fund, and not sooner than one hundred twenty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Bank. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund. If Customer gives notice of termination, it must provide full details of the persons to whom Bank must deliver Financial Assets and cash. If Bank gives notice of termination, then Customer must, within one hundred twenty days following receipt of the notice, notify Bank of details of its new custodian, failing which Bank may elect (at any time after one hundred twenty days following Customer’s receipt of the notice) either to retain the Financial Assets and cash until such details are given, continuing to charge fees due (in which case Bank’s sole obligation shall be for the safekeeping of the Financial Assets and cash), or deliver the Financial Assets and cash to Customer. Bank shall in any event be entitled to deduct any uncontested amounts owing to it prior to delivery of the Financial Assets and cash (and, accordingly, Bank shall be entitled to deduct cash from the Cash Account in satisfaction of uncontested amounts owing to it); provided, however, that Bank shall first provide Customer with a statement setting forth such amounts owing to it and provide Customer two days’ advance notice before effecting any such deduction, during which time Customer shall be entitled to determine the priority order in which such Financial Assets and cash are to be used to satisfy the outstanding uncontested amounts. Customer shall reimburse Bank promptly for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses it incurs in delivering Financial Assets upon termination by Customer. Termination

pursuant to this Section shall not affect any of the liabilities either party owes to the other arising under this Agreement prior to such termination.

(b) In the event of any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, Bank shall, for a period of up to one hundred twenty days after termination of the Agreement, (i) continue to provide all or part of the services under the Agreement if requested by Customer, which services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement during the transition period unless otherwise agreed to by the parties; (ii) provide to Customer or any successor custodian all assistance reasonably requested to enable Customer or the successor custodian to commence providing services similar to those under the Agreement; and (iii) subject to the same limitations in place during the term of the Agreement, provide Customer with access to all records in the possession of Bank relating to Customer. In connection with any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall also promptly develop a transition plan setting forth a reasonable timetable for the transition of Financial Assets and cash to Customer or any successor custodian and describing the parties’ respective responsibilities for transitioning the services back to Customer or any successor custodian in an orderly and uninterrupted fashion. Customer will use all reasonable efforts to transition to a successor custodian as soon as possible following the effective date of termination.

10. MISCELLANEOUS

10.1 Notices.

Notices (other than Instructions) shall be served by registered mail or hand delivery to the address of the respective parties as set out on the first page of this Agreement, unless notice of a new address is given to the other party in writing. Notice shall not be deemed to be given unless it has been received.

10.2 Successors and Assigns.

This Agreement shall be binding on each of the parties’ successors and assigns, but the parties agree that neither party can assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

10.3 Interpretation.

Headings are for convenience only and are not intended to affect interpretation. References to sections are to sections of this Agreement and references to sub-sections and paragraphs are to sub-sections of the sections and paragraphs of the sub-sections in which they appear.

10.4 Entire Agreement.

This Agreement amends and restates the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement dated as of June 25, 2001 between Customer and Bank (the “Prior Agreement”), and the terms of this Agreement replace the terms of the Prior Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement. This Agreement, including any Schedules, Appendices, Annexes, Exhibits, and Riders (and any separate agreement which Bank and Customer may enter into with respect to the services provided under this Agreement), sets out the entire Agreement between the parties in connection with the subject matter, and, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, this Agreement supersedes any other agreement, statement, or representation relating to the services provided under this Agreement, whether oral or written. Amendments must be in writing and signed by both parties. For clarity, however, the continuation of any other agreements that reference the Prior Agreement is not intended to be affected by the fact of the amendment and restatement of the Prior Agreement by this Agreement, and reference in such agreements to the Prior Agreement shall be considered

to be a reference to this Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement (provided that matters relating to the time period prior to the date of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Prior Agreement).

10.5 Information Concerning Deposits at Bank.

(a) Under U.S. federal law, deposit accounts that the Customer maintains in Bank’s foreign branches (outside of the U.S.) are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In the event

of Bank’s liquidation, foreign branch deposits have a lesser preference than U.S. deposits, and such foreign deposits are subject to cross-border risks.

(b) Bank’s London Branch is a participant in the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme (the "FSCS"), and the following terms apply to the extent any amount standing to the credit of the Cash Account is deposited in one or more deposit accounts at Bank’s London Branch. The terms of the FSCS offer protection in connection with deposits to certain types of claimants to whom Bank’s London Branch provides services in the event that they suffer a financial loss as a direct consequence of Bank’s London Branch being unable to meet any of its obligations and, subject to the FSCS rules regarding eligible deposits, the Customer may have a right to claim compensation from the FSCS. Subject to the FSCS rules, the maximum compensation payable by the FSCS, as at the date of this Agreement, in relation to eligible deposits is £85,000.

(c) In the event that Bank incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at a Subcustodian or other correspondent bank in regard to its global custody or trust businesses in the country where the Subcustodian or other correspondent bank is located, Bank may set such loss off against Customer’s Cash Account to the extent that such loss is directly attributable to Customer’s investments in that market.

10.6 Confidentiality.

The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially the terms and conditions of this Agreement and all information provided by each party to the other regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party shall be used by the other party solely for the purpose of rendering or obtaining services pursuant to this Agreement, and except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of such providing party. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than through a breach of this provision, or that is required to be disclosed by or to any regulatory authority, any external or internal accountant, auditor or counsels of the parties, by judicial or administrative process or otherwise by Applicable Law, or to any disclosure made by a party if such party’s counsel has advised that such party could be liable under any Applicable Law or any judicial or administrative order or process for failure to make such disclosure.

10.7 Data Privacy and Security.

Bank will implement and maintain a written information security program, in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations (including any similar international laws) applicable to Bank, that contains reasonable and appropriate security measures designed to safeguard the personal information of the Funds’ shareholders, employees, trustees and/or officers that Bank or any Subcustodian receives, stores, maintains, processes, transmits or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. In this regard, Bank will establish and maintain policies, procedures, and technical, physical, and administrative safeguards, designed to (i) ensure the security and confidentiality of all personal information and any other confidential information that Bank receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder, (ii) protect against any

reasonably foreseeable threats or hazards to the security or integrity of personal information or other confidential information, (iii) protect against unauthorized access to or use of personal information or other confidential information, (iv) maintain reasonable procedures to detect and respond to any internal or external security breaches, and (v) ensure appropriate disposal of personal information or other confidential information.

Bank will monitor and review its information security program and revise it, as necessary and in its sole discretion, to ensure it appropriately addresses any applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Bank shall periodically test and review its information security program.

Bank shall respond to Customer’s reasonable requests for information concerning Bank’s information security program and, upon request, Bank will provide a copy of its applicable policies and procedures, or in Bank’s discretion, summaries thereof, to Customer, to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging information Bank reasonably believes to be proprietary or Bank confidential information. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer the information security program of Bank. Bank also agrees, upon reasonable request, to complete any security questionnaire provided by Customer to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging sensitive, proprietary, or Bank confidential information and return it in a commercially reasonable period of time (or provide an alternative response that reasonably addresses the points included in the questionnaire). Customer acknowledges that certain information provided by Bank, including internal policies and procedures, may be proprietary to Bank, and agrees to protect the confidentiality of all such materials it receives from Bank.

Bank agrees to resolve promptly any applicable control deficiencies that come to its attention that do not meet the standards established by federal and state privacy and data security laws, rules, regulations, and/or generally accepted industry standards related to Bank’s information security program.

Bank shall: (i) promptly notify Customer of any confirmed unauthorized access to personal information or other confidential information of Customer (“Breach of Security”); (ii) promptly furnish to Customer appropriate details of such Breach of Security and assist Customer in assessing the Breach of Security to the extent it is not privileged information or part of an investigation; (iii) reasonably cooperate with Customer in any litigation and investigation of third parties reasonably deemed necessary by Customer to protect its proprietary and other rights; (iv) use reasonable precautions to prevent a recurrence of a Breach of Security; and (v) take all reasonable and appropriate action to mitigate any potential harm related to a Breach of Security, including any reasonable steps requested by Customer that are practicable for Bank to implement. Nothing in the immediately preceding sentence shall obligate Bank to provide Customer with information regarding any of Bank’s other customers or clients that are affected by a Breach of Security, nor shall the immediately preceding sentence limit Bank’s ability to take any actions that Bank believes are appropriate to remediate any Breach of Security unless such actions would prejudice or otherwise limit Customer’s ability to bring its own claims or actions against third parties related to the Breach of Security. If Bank discovers or becomes aware of a suspected data or security breach that may involve an improper access, use, disclosure, or alteration of personal information or other confidential information of Customer, Bank shall, except to the extent prohibited by Applicable Law or directed otherwise by a governmental authority not to do so, promptly notify Customer that it is investigating a potential breach and keep Customer informed as reasonably practicable of material developments relating to the investigation until Bank either confirms that such a breach has occurred (in which case the first sentence of this paragraph will apply) or confirms that no data or security breach involving personal information or other confidential information of Customer has occurred.

For these purposes, “personal information” shall mean (i) an individual’s name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (a) social security number, (b) driver’s license number, (c) state identification card number, (d) debit or credit card number, (e) financial account

number, (f) passport number, or (g) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person’s account or (ii) any combination of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual’s account. This provision will survive termination or expiration of the Agreement for so long as Bank or any Subcustodian continues to possess or have access to personal information related to Customer. Notwithstanding the foregoing “personal information” shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public.

10.8 Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery.

Bank shall maintain and update from time to time business continuation and disaster recovery procedures with respect to its global custody business, which are designed, in the event of a significant business disruption affecting Bank, to be sufficient to enable Bank to resume and continue to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement without undue delay or disruption. Bank shall test the operability of such procedures at least annually. Bank shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to Customer and (ii) use of alternative electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer any business continuation and disaster recovery procedures of Bank. Bank represents that its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures are appropriate for its business as a global custodian to investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

10.9 Insurance.

Bank shall not be required to maintain any insurance coverage for the benefit of Customer.

10.10 Governing Law and Jurisdiction, Certification of Residency.

This Agreement shall be construed, regulated, and administered under the laws of the United States or State of New York, as applicable, without regard to New York’s principles regarding conflict of laws. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction over any lawsuit or other judicial proceeding relating to or arising from this Agreement. If that court lacks federal subject matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Either of these courts shall have proper venue for any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding, and the parties waive any objection to venue or their convenience as a forum. The parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of any of the courts specified and to accept service of process to vest personal jurisdiction over them in any of these courts. The parties further hereby knowingly, voluntarily and intentionally waive, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any right to a trial by jury with respect to any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding arising or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Customer certifies that it is a resident of the United States and shall notify Bank of any changes in residency. Bank may rely upon this certification or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank’s obligations hereunder. Customer shall indemnify Bank against all losses, liability, claims or demands arising directly or indirectly from any such certifications.

10.11 Severability and Waiver.

(a) If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect on the basis of any particular circumstances or in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and

enforceability of such provision or provisions under other circumstances or in other jurisdictions and of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.

(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, no failure or delay on the part of either party in exercising any power or right hereunder operates as a waiver, nor does any single or partial exercise of any power or right preclude any other or further exercise, or the exercise of any other power or right. No waiver by a party of any provision of this Agreement, or waiver of any breach or default, is effective unless in writing and signed by the party against whom the waiver is to be enforced.

10.12 Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

[Signature page to follow.]

EXHIBIT 1

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard CMT Funds

Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund

Vanguard Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Government Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Government Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Government Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Fund

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Total Bond Market Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard International Growth Fund

The terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement (except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2) apply with respect

to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly

Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Montgomery Funds

Vanguard Market Neutral Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Balanced Portfolio

Capital Growth Portfolio

Diversified Value Portfolio

Equity Income Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Growth Portfolio

International Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund

Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

APPENDIX 1

Information Regarding Country Risk

1. To aid Customer in its determinations regarding Country Risk, Bank shall furnish annually and upon the initial placing of Financial Assets and cash into a country the following information (check items applicable):

A. Opinions of local counsel concerning:

_X_ i. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the access afforded Customer’s independent public accountants to books and records kept by an eligible foreign custodian located in that country.

_X_ ii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer’s ability to recover its Financial Assets and cash in the event of the bankruptcy of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in that country.

_X_ iii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer’s ability to recover Financial Assets that are lost while under the control of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in the country.

B. Written information concerning:

_X_ i. The foreseeability of expropriation, nationalization, freezes, or confiscation of Customer’s Financial Assets.

_X_ ii. Whether difficulties in converting Customer’s cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars are reasonably foreseeable.

C. A market report with respect to the following topics:

(i) securities regulatory environment, (ii) foreign ownership restrictions, (iii) foreign exchange, (iv) securities settlement and registration, (v) taxation, and (vi) depositories (including depository evaluation), if any.

2. To aid Customer in monitoring Country Risk, Bank shall furnish Customer the following additional information:

Market flashes, including with respect to changes in the information in market reports.

ANNEX A - Electronic Access

1. Bank may permit the Customer and its Authorized Persons to access certain electronic systems and applications (collectively, the “Products”) and to access or receive electronically Data (as defined below) in connection with the Agreement. Bank may, from time to time, introduce new features to the Products or otherwise modify or delete existing features of the Products in its sole discretion. Bank shall endeavor to give the Customer reasonable notice of its termination or suspension of access to the Products, including suspension or cancelation of any User Codes, but may do so immediately if Bank determines, in its sole discretion, that providing access to the Products would violate Applicable Law or that the security or integrity of the Products is known or reasonably suspected to be at risk. Access to the Products shall be subject to the Security Procedure.

2. In consideration of the fees paid by the Customer to Bank and subject to any applicable software license addendum in relation to Bank-owned or sublicensed software provided for a particular application and Applicable Law, Bank grants to the Customer a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited and revocable license to use the Products and the information and data made available through the Products or transferred electronically (the “Data”) for the Customer’s internal business use only. The Customer may download the Data and print out hard copies for its reference, provided that it does not remove any copyright or other notices contained therein. The license granted herein will permit use by the Customer’s Authorized Person, provided that such use shall be in compliance with the Agreement, including this Annex. The Customer acknowledges that elements of the Data, including prices, Corporate Action information, and reference data, may have been licensed by Bank from third parties and that any use of such Data beyond that authorized by the foregoing license, may require the permission of one or more third parties in addition to Bank. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 2, or elsewhere in this Annex, shall be deemed to give Bank or its licensors ownership of, or any rights in or to, any confidential information of the Customer, including as it may be accessible or receivable through the Products, and all rights in and to such information shall be retained exclusively by the Customer.

3. The Customer acknowledges that there are security, cyberfraud, corruption, transaction error and access availability risks associated with using open networks such as the internet, and the Customer hereby expressly assumes such risks; for clarity, however, the foregoing shall not relieve Bank of its obligation under the first sentence of Section 4 of this Annex. The Customer is solely responsible for obtaining, maintaining and operating all systems, software (including antivirus software, anti-spyware software, and other internet security software) and personnel necessary for the Customer to access and use the Products. All such software must be interoperable with Bank’s software. Each of the Customer and Bank shall be responsible for the proper functioning, maintenance and security of its own systems, services, software and other equipment.

4. In cases where Bank’s website is unexpectedly down or otherwise unavailable, Bank shall, absent a force majeure event, provide other appropriate means for the Customer or its Authorized Persons to instruct Bank or obtain reports from Bank. Provided that Bank complies with its obligation to provide such other appropriate means, Bank shall not be liable for any Liabilities arising out of the Customer’s inability to access or use the Products via Bank’s website in the absence of Bank’s gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct.

5. Use of the Products may be monitored, tracked, and recorded. In using the Products, the Customer hereby expressly consents to such monitoring, tracking, and recording, and will ensure that all persons using the Products through or on behalf of Customer are advised of and have consented to this monitoring, tracking and recording, and Bank’s right to disclose data derived from such activity in accordance with the Agreement, including this Annex. Bank shall own all right, title and interest in the data reflecting Customer’s usage of the Products or Bank’s website (including, but not limited to, general usage

data and aggregated transaction data). For clarity, the foregoing shall not be deemed to give Bank ownership of, or any rights in or to, the Customer’s confidential information (whether or not in aggregated form), the use or disclosure of which shall at all times be subject to Section 10.6 of this Agreement other otherwise agreed to by the Parties.

6. The Customer shall not knowingly use the Products to transmit (i) any virus, worm, or destructive element or any programs or data that may be reasonably expected to interfere with or disrupt the Products or servers connected to the Products; (ii) material that violates the rights of another, including but not limited to the intellectual property rights of another; and (iii) “junk mail”, “spam”, “chain letters” or unsolicited mass distribution of e-mail.

7. The Customer shall promptly and accurately designate in writing to Bank the geographic location of its users upon written request. The Customer further represents and warrants to Bank that the Customer shall not access the Products from any jurisdiction which Bank informs the Customer or where the Customer has actual knowledge that the Products are not authorized for use due to local regulations or laws, including applicable software export rules and regulations. Prior to submitting any document which designates the persons authorized to act on the Customer’s behalf, the Customer shall obtain from each individual referred to in such document all necessary consents to enable Bank to process the data set out therein for the purposes of providing the Products.

8. Bank and Customer will be subject to and shall comply with all Applicable Law concerning restricting collection, use, disclosure, processing and free movement of the Data (collectively, the “Privacy Regulations”). The Privacy Regulations may include, as applicable, the Federal “Privacy of Consumer Financial Information” Regulation (12 CFR Part 40) and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Information Security Standards (App B to 12 CFR Part 30), as amended from time to time, issued pursuant to Section 504 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (15 U.S.C. §6801, et seq.), the Health and Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. §1320d), The Data Protection Act 1998 and Directive 95/46/EC, 2009/136/EC and 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as amended from time to time, and applicable implementing legislation in connection with the protection of individuals with regard to processing of personal data and the free movement of such data.

9. The Customer shall be responsible for the compliance of its Authorized Persons with the terms of the Agreement, including this Annex.

SCHEDULE 1 – AGENT AND CASH NETWORK (CUSTODY & FUND SERVICES)


MARKET	SUBCUSTODIAN	CASH CORRESPONDENT BANK

ARGENTINA	HSBC Bank Argentina S.A.	HSBC Bank Argentina S.A.
	Bouchard 680, 9th Floor	Buenos Aires
	C1106ABJ Buenos Aires
	ARGENTINA

AUSTRALIA	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	Australia and New Zealand Banking
	Level 31, 101 Collins Street	Group Ltd.
	Melbourne 3000	Melbourne
	AUSTRALIA

AUSTRIA	UniCredit Bank Austria AG	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Julius Tandler Platz 3	Frankfurt am Main
	A 1090 Vienna
	AUSTRIA

BAHRAIN	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
	Road No 2832	Al Seef
	Al Seef 428
	BAHRAIN

BANGLADESH	Standard Chartered Bank	Standard Chartered Bank
	Portlink Tower	Dhaka
	Level 6, 67 Gulshan Avenue
	Gulshan
	Dhaka 1212
	BANGLADESH

BELGIUM	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan A.G.**
	Central Plaza Building	Frankfurt am Main
	Rue de Loxum, 25
	7th Floor
	1000 Brussels
	BELGIUM

BERMUDA	HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited	HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited
	6 Front Street	Hamilton
	Hamilton HM 11
	BERMUDA

BOTSWANA	Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited	Standard Chartered Bank Botswana
	5th Floor, Standard House	Limited
	P.O. Box 496	Gaborone
	Queens Road, The Mall
	Gaborone
	BOTSWANA


BRAZIL	J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM**	J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM**
	Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 3729, Floor 06	Sao Paulo
	Sao Paulo SP 04538 905
	BRAZIL

BULGARIA	Citibank Europe plc	ING Bank N.V.
	Serdika Offices	Sofia
	10th Floor
	48 Sitnyakovo Blvd
	Sofia 1505
	BULGARIA

CANADA	Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce	Royal Bank of Canada
	1 York Street, Suite 900	Toronto
	Toronto Ontario M5J 0B6
	CANADA

	Royal Bank of Canada
	155 Wellington Street West,
	Toronto Ontario M5V 3L3
	CANADA

CHILE	Banco Santander Chile	Banco Santander Chile
	Bandera 140, Piso 4	Santiago
	Santiago
	CHILE

CHINA A	HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited	HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited
SHARE	33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc	Shanghai
	8 Century Avenue, Pudong
	Shanghai 200120
	THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

CHINA B	HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
SHARE	33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc	New York
	8 Century Avenue, Pudong
	Shanghai 200120	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA	Hong Kong

CHINA	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
CONNECT	48th Floor, One Island East	Hong Kong
	18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay
	HONG KONG

COLOMBIA	Cititrust Colombia S.A.	Cititrust Colombia S.A.
	Carrera 9 A # 99 02, 3rd floor	Bogotá
	Bogota
	COLOMBIA


COSTA RICA	Banco BCT, S.A.	Banco BCT, S.A.
	150 Metros Norte de la Catedral	San Jose
	Metropolitana
	Edificio BCT
	San Jose
	COSTA RICA

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION*


CROATIA	Privredna banka Zagreb d.d.	Zagrebacka banka d.d.
	Radnicka cesta 50	Zagreb
	10000 Zagreb
	CROATIA

CYPRUS	HSBC Bank plc	J.P. Morgan AG**
	109 111, Messogian Ave.	Frankfurt am Main
	115 26 Athens
	GREECE

CZECH	UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia,	Ceskoslovenska obchodni banka, a.s.
REPUBLIC	a.s.	Prague
	BB Centrum FILADELFIE
	Zeletavska 1525 1
	140 92 Prague 1
	CZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARK	Nordea Bank AB (publ)	Nordea Bank AB (publ)
	Christiansbro	Copenhagen
	Strandgade 3
	P.O. Box 850
	DK 0900 Copenhagen
	DENMARK

EGYPT	Citibank, N.A.	Citibank, N.A.
	4 Ahmed Pasha Street	Cairo
	Garden City
	Cairo
	EGYPT

ESTONIA	Swedbank AS	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Liivalaia 8	Frankfurt am Main
	15040 Tallinn
	ESTONIA

FINLAND	Nordea Bank AB (publ)	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Aleksis Kiven katu 3 5	Frankfurt am Main
	FIN 00020 NORDEA Helsinki
	FINLAND

FRANCE	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	3, rue d'Antin	Frankfurt am Main
	75002 Paris
	FRANCE


GERMANY	Deutsche Bank AG	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Alfred Herrhausen Allee 16 24	Frankfurt am Main
	D 65760 Eschborn
	GERMANY

	J.P. Morgan AG#**
	Taunustor 1 (TaunusTurm)
	60310 Frankfurt am Main
	GERMANY
	# Custodian for local German custody clients
	only.

GHANA	Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited	Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited
	Accra High Street	Accra
	P.O. Box 768
	Accra
	GHANA

GREECE	HSBC Bank plc	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Messogion 109 111	Frankfurt am Main
	11526 Athens
	GREECE

HONG KONG	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	48th Floor, One Island East	Hong Kong
	18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay
	HONG KONG

HUNGARY	Deutsche Bank AG	ING Bank N.V.
	Hold utca 27	Budapest
	H 1054 Budapest
	HUNGARY

ICELAND	Islandsbanki hf.	Islandsbanki hf.
	Kirkjusandur 2	Reykjavik
	IS 155 Reykjavik
	ICELAND

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION*


INDIA	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	6th Floor, Paradigm ‘B’ Wing	Mumbai
	Mindspace, Malad (West)
	Mumbai 400 064
	INDIA

INDONESIA	PT Bank HSBC Indonesia	PT Bank HSBC Indonesia
	Menara Mulia 25th Floor	Jakarta
	Jl. Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav. 9 11
	Jakarta 12930
	INDONESIA


IRELAND	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	J.P. Morgan AG**
	25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf	Frankfurt am Main
	London E14 5JP
	UNITED KINGDOM

ISRAEL	Bank Leumi le Israel B.M.	Bank Leumi le Israel B.M.
	35, Yehuda Halevi Street	Tel Aviv
	65136 Tel Aviv
	ISRAEL

ITALY	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Piazza Lina Bo Bardi, 3	Frankfurt am Main
	20124 Milan
	ITALY

JAPAN	Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	2 15 1, Konan	Tokyo
	Minato ku
	Tokyo 108 6009
	JAPAN

	The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.
	1 3 2 Nihombashi Hongoku cho
	Chuo ku
	Tokyo 103 0021
	JAPAN

JORDAN	Standard Chartered Bank	Standard Chartered Bank
	Shmeissani Branch	Amman
	Al Thaqafa Street
	Building # 2
	P.O. Box 926190
	Amman
	JORDAN

KAZAKHSTAN	JSC Citibank Kazakhstan	Subsidiary Bank Sberbank of Russia Joint
	Park Palace, Building A, Floor 2	Stock Company
	41 Kazybek Bi	Almaty
	Almaty 050010
	KAZAKHSTAN

KENYA	Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited	Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited
	Chiromo	Nairobi
	48 Westlands Road
	Nairobi 00100
	KENYA

KUWAIT	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited
	Kuwait City, Sharq Area	Safat
	Abdulaziz Al Sager Street
	Al Hamra Tower, 37F
	Safat 13017
	KUWAIT


LATVIA	Swedbank AS	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Balasta dambis 1a	Frankfurt am Main
	Riga LV 1048
	LATVIA

LITHUANIA	AB SEB Bankas	J.P. Morgan AG**
	12 Gedimino pr.	Frankfurt am Main
	LT 2600 Vilnius
	LITHUANIA

LUXEMBOURG	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	33, Rue de Gasperich	Frankfurt am Main
	L 5826 Hesperange
	LUXEMBOURG

MALAWI	Standard Bank Limited, Malawi	Standard Bank Limited, Malawi
	1st Floor Kaomba House	Blantyre
	Cnr Glyn Jones Road & Victoria Avenue
	Blantyre
	MALAWI

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION*


MALAYSIA	HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad	HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad
	2 Leboh Ampang	Kuala Lumpur
	12th Floor, South Tower
	50100 Kuala Lumpur
	MALAYSIA

MAURITIUS	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
	Corporation Limited	Corporation Limited
	HSBC Centre	Ebene
	18 Cybercity
	Ebene
	MAURITIUS

MEXICO	Banco Nacional de Mexico, S.A.	Banco Santander (Mexico), S.A.
	Act. Roberto Medellin No. 800 3er Piso Norte	Mexico, D.F.
	Colonia Santa Fe
	01210 Mexico, D.F.
	MEXICO

MOROCCO	Société Générale Marocaine de Banques	Attijariwafa Bank S.A.
	55 Boulevard Abdelmoumen	Casablanca
	Casablanca 20100
	MOROCCO


NAMIBIA	Standard Bank Namibia Limited	The Standard Bank of South Africa
	2nd Floor, Town Square Building	Limited
	Corner of Werner List and Post Street Mall	Johannesburg
	P.O. Box 3327
	Windhoek
	NAMIBIA

NETHERLANDS	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Herengracht 595	Frankfurt am Main
	1017 CE Amsterdam
	NETHERLANDS

NEW ZEALAND	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	Westpac Banking Corporation
	Level 13, 2 Hunter Street	Wellington
	Wellington 6011
	NEW ZEALAND

NIGERIA	Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc	Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc
	Plot 1712	Lagos
	Idejo Street
	Victoria Island
	Lagos
	NIGERIA

NORWAY	Nordea Bank AB (publ)	Nordea Bank AB (publ)
	Essendropsgate 7	Oslo
	P.O. Box 1166
	NO 0107 Oslo
	NORWAY

OMAN	HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G.	HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G.
	2nd Floor Al Khuwair	Seeb
	P.O. Box 1727 PC 111
	Seeb
	OMAN

PAKISTAN	Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited	Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan)
	P.O. Box 4896	Limited
	Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar Road	Karachi
	Karachi 74000
	PAKISTAN

PERU	Citibank del Perú S.A.	Banco de Crédito del Perú
	Av. Canaval y Moreryra 480 Piso 3	Lima
	San Isidro
	Lima 27
	PERU


PHILIPPINES	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
	Corporation Limited	Corporation Limited
	7/F HSBC Centre	Taguig City
	3058 Fifth Avenue West
	Bonifacio Global City
	1634 Taguig City
	PHILIPPINES

POLAND	Bank Handlowy w. Warszawie S.A.	mBank S.A.
	ul. Senatorska 16	Warsaw
	00 923 Warsaw
	POLAND

PORTUGAL	BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Avenida D.João II, Lote 1.18.01, Bloco B,	Frankfurt am Main
	7º andar
	1998 028 Lisbon
	PORTUGAL

QATAR	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	The Commercial Bank (P.Q.S.C.)
	2nd Floor, Ali Bin Ali Tower	Doha
	Building 150 (Airport Road)
	P.O. Box 57
	Doha
	QATAR

ROMANIA	Citibank Europe plc	ING Bank N.V.
	145 Calea Victoriei	Bucharest
	1st District
	010072 Bucharest
	ROMANIA

RUSSIA	J.P. Morgan Bank International (Limited	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	Liability Company)**	New York
	10, Butyrsky Val
	White Square Business Centre
	Floor 12
	Moscow 125047
	RUSSIA

SAUDI ARABIA	HSBC Saudi Arabia	HSBC Saudi Arabia
	2/F HSBC Building	Riyadh
	7267 Olaya Street North, Al Murooj
	Riyadh 12283 2255
	SAUDI ARABIA

SERBIA	Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d.	Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d.
	Rajiceva 27 29	Belgrade
	11000 Belgrade
	SERBIA


SINGAPORE	DBS Bank Ltd	Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation
	10 Toh Guan Road	Singapore
	DBS Asia Gateway, Level 04 11 (4B)
	608838
	SINGAPORE

SLOVAK	UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia,	J.P. Morgan AG**
REPUBLIC	a.s.	Frankfurt am Main
	Sancova 1/A
	SK 813 33 Bratislava
	SLOVAK REPUBLIC

SLOVENIA	UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Smartinska 140	Frankfurt am Main
	SI 1000 Ljubljana
	SLOVENIA

SOUTH AFRICA	FirstRand Bank Limited	The Standard Bank of South Africa
	1 Mezzanine Floor, 3 First Place, Bank City	Limited
	Cnr Simmonds and Jeppe Streets	Johannesburg
	Johannesburg 2001
	SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH KOREA	Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited	Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited
	47 Jongro, Jongro Gu	Seoul
	Seoul 03160
	SOUTH KOREA

	Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd.	Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd.
	84, Namdaemun ro, Jung gu	Seoul
	Seoul 100 845
	SOUTH KOREA

SPAIN	Santander Securities Services, S.A.	J.P. Morgan AG**
	Ciudad Grupo Santander	Frankfurt am Main
	Avenida de Cantabria, s/n
	Edificio Ecinar, planta baja
	Boadilla del Monte
	28660 Madrid
	SPAIN

SRI LANKA	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
	Corporation Limited	Corporation Limited
	24 Sir Baron Jayatillaka Mawatha	Colombo
	Colombo 1
	SRI LANKA

SWEDEN	Nordea Bank AB (publ)	Svenska Handelsbanken
	Hamngatan 10	Stockholm
	SE 105 71 Stockholm
	SWEDEN


SWITZERLAND	UBS Switzerland AG	UBS Switzerland AG
	45 Bahnhofstrasse	Zurich
	8021 Zurich
	SWITZERLAND

TAIWAN	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	8th Floor, Cathay Xin Yi Trading Building	Taipei
	No. 108, Section 5, Xin Yi Road
	Taipei 11047
	TAIWAN

TANZANIA	Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited	Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited
	Stanbic Centre	Dar es Salaam
	Corner Kinondoni and A.H. Mwinyi Roads
	P.O. Box 72648
	Dar es Salaam
	TANZANIA

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION*


THAILAND	Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public	Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public
	Company Limited	Company Limited
	14th Floor, Zone B	Bangkok
	Sathorn Nakorn Tower
	90 North Sathorn Road Bangrak
	Silom, Bangrak
	Bangkok 10500
	THAILAND

TRINIDAD AND	Republic Bank Limited	Republic Bank Limited
TOBAGO	9 17 Park Street	Port of Spain
	Port of Spain
	TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

TUNISIA	Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie, S.A.	Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie,
	70 72 Avenue Habib Bourguiba	S.A.
	P.O. Box 520	Tunis
	Tunis 1000
	TUNISIA

TURKEY	Citibank A.S.	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
	Inkilap Mah., Yilmaz Plaza	Istanbul
	O. Faik Atakan Caddesi No: 3
	34768 Umraniye, Istanbul
	TURKEY

UGANDA	Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited	Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited
	5 Speke Road	Kampala
	P.O. Box 7111
	Kampala
	UGANDA


UKRAINE	PJSC Citibank	PJSC Citibank
	16 G Dilova Street	Kiev
	03150 Kiev
	UKRAINE	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
		New York

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR

FURTHER INFORMATION*


UNITED ARAB	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	The National Bank of Abu Dhabi
EMIRATES	Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5	Abu Dhabi
ADX	P.O. Box 502601
	Dubai
	UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

UNITED ARAB	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	The National Bank of Abu Dhabi
EMIRATES	Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5	Abu Dhabi
DFM	P.O. Box 502601
	Dubai
	UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

UNITED ARAB	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. **
EMIRATES	Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5	New York
NASDAQ	P.O. Box 502601
DUBAI	Dubai
	UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

UNITED	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
KINGDOM	25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf	London
	London E14 5JP
	UNITED KINGDOM

	Deutsche Bank AG Depository and Clearing	Varies by currency
	Centre
	10 Bishops Square
	London E1 6EG
	UNITED KINGDOM

UNITED	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.**
STATES	4 New York Plaza	New York
	New York NY 10004
	UNITED STATES

URUGUAY	Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A.	Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A.
	Zabala 1463	Montevideo
	11000 Montevideo
	URUGUAY

VENEZUELA	Citibank, N.A.	Citibank, N.A.
	Avenida Casanova	Caracas
	Centro Comercial El Recreo
	Torre Norte, Piso 19
	Caracas 1050
	VENEZUELA


VIETNAM	HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.		HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd.
	Centre Point		Ho Chi Minh City
	106 Nguyen Van Troi Street
	Phu Nhuan District
	Ho Chi Minh City
	VIETNAM


*WAEMU	Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire SA		Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire SA
BENIN,	23 Boulevard de la Republique 1		Abidjan
BURKINA	01 B.P. 1141
FASO, GUINEA	Abidjan 17
BISSAU, IVORY	IVORY COAST
COAST, MALI,
NIGER,
SENEGAL,
TOGO*

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.		PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION*

ZAMBIA	Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc		Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc
	Standard Chartered House		Lusaka
	Cairo Road
	P.O. Box 32238
	Lusaka 10101
	ZAMBIA

ZIMBABWE	Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited		Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited
	Stanbic Centre, 3rd Floor		Harare
	59 Samora Machel Avenue
	Harare
	ZIMBABWE

*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY.		PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION*



** J.P. Morgan affiliate		Correspondent banks are listed for information only.

This document is for information only and its contents are subject to change. This document is intended neither to influence your investment decisions nor to amend or supplement any agreement governing your relations with J.P. Morgan. Neither this document nor any of its contents may be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the proper written consent of J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan has gathered the information from a source it considers reliable, however, it cannot be responsible for inaccuracies, incomplete information or updating of the information furnished hereby.


SCHEDULE 3 – SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES


Market	Depository	Instruments

ARGENTINA	CVSA	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Caja de Valores S.A.)

AUSTRALIA	ASX Settlement	Equity
	(ASX Settlement Pty Limited)

	Austraclear	Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Austraclear Limited)

AUSTRIA	OeKB CSD GmbH	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Oesterreichische Kontrollbank CSD
	GmbH)

BAHRAIN	CSD	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Bahrain Bourse - Clearing, Settlement and
	Central Depository)

BANGLADESH	BB	Government Debt
	(Bangladesh Bank)

	CDBL	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository Bangladesh Limited)

BELGIUM	Euroclear Belgium	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Euroclear Belgium SA/NV)

	NBB	Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(The National Bank of Belgium)

BERMUDA	BSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Bermuda Stock Exchange - Bermuda
	Securities Depository)

BOTSWANA	BoB	Government Debt
	(Bank of Botswana)

	CSDB	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Securities Depository of Botswana
	Ltd)

BRAZIL	BM&FBOVESPA	Equity
	(B3 S.A. - BM&FBOVESPA)

	CETIP	Corporate Debt
	(B3 S.A. - CETIP)

	SELIC	Government Debt
	(Banco Central do Brasil - Sistema Especial
	de Liquidação e Custódia)


BULGARIA	CDAD	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository AD)

	BNB	Government Debt
	(Bulgarian National Bank)

CANADA	CDS Clearing	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(CDS Clearing and Depository Services
	Inc.)

CHILE	DCV	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Depósito Central de Valores S.A.)

CHINA A-SHARE	CSDCC	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(China Securities Depository and Clearing
	Corporation Limited)

	SCH	Short-term Corporate Debt
	(Shanghai Clearing House)

	CCDC	Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(China Central Depository & Clearing Co.,
	Ltd.)

CHINA B-SHARE	CSDCC	Equity
	(China Securities Depository and Clearing
	Corporation Limited)

CHINA	HKSCC - for China Connect	Equity
CONNECT	(Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company
	Limited)

COLOMBIA	DCV	Government Debt
	(Banco de la Républica de Colombia -
	Depósito Central de Valores)

	DECEVAL	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Depósito Centralizado de Valores de
	Colombia S.A.)

COSTA RICA	InterClear	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(InterClear, S.A.)

CROATIA	SKDD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Središnje klirinško depozitarno društvo
	d.d.)

CYPRUS	CDCR	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Cyprus Stock Exchange - Central
	Depository and Central Registry)


CZECH	CNB	Short-Term Corporate Debt, Short-Term
REPUBLIC	(Ceská národní banka)	Government Debt

	CDCP	Equity, Long-Term Corporate Debt, Long-
	(Centrální depozitár cenných papíru, a.s.)	Term Government Debt

DENMARK	VP	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(VP Securities A/S)

EGYPT	MCDR	Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds
	(Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and
	Registry)

	CBE	Treasury Bills
	(Central Bank of Egypt)

ESTONIA	ECSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Eesti Väärtpaberikeskus AS)

FINLAND	Euroclear Finland	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Euroclear Finland Oy)

FRANCE	Euroclear France	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Euroclear France SA)

GERMANY	CBF	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Clearstream Banking AG)

GHANA	CSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Central Securities Depository (GH) Ltd.)

GREECE	BoG	Government Debt
	(Bank of Greece)

	ATHEXCSD	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Hellenic Central Securities Depository)



HONG KONG	HKSCC	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company
	Limited)

	CMU	Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Central
	Moneymarkets Unit)

HUNGARY	KELER	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Központi Elszámolóház és Értéktár
	(Budapest) Zrt.)

ICELAND	Nasdaq CSD Iceland hf.	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Nasdaq verðbréfamiðstöð hf.)


INDIA	NSDL	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(National Securities Depository Limited)

	CDSL	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository Services (India)
	Limited)

	RBI	Government Debt
	(Reserve Bank of India)

INDONESIA	KSEI	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt*
	(PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia)	(*acts as sub-registry)

	BI	Government Debt
	(Bank Indonesia)

INTERNATIONAL	Euroclear Bank	Internationally Traded Debt, Equity
SECURITIES	(Euroclear Bank SA/NV)
MARKET
	CBL	Internationally Traded Debt, Equity
	(Clearstream Banking S.A.)

IRELAND	EUI	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited)

ISRAEL	TASE-CH	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House
	Ltd.)

ITALY	Monte Titoli	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Monte Titoli S.p.A.)

JAPAN	JASDEC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Japan Securities Depository Center,
	Incorporated)

	BOJ	Government Debt
	(Bank of Japan)

JORDAN	SDC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Securities Depository Center)

KAZAKHSTAN	KACD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Central Securities Depository Joint-Stock
	Company)

KENYA	CDS	Government Debt
	(Central Bank of Kenya - Central
	Depository System)

	CDSC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository and Settlement
	Corporation Limited)


KUWAIT	KCC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(The Kuwait Clearing Company K.S.C.)

LATVIA	LCD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Latvian Central Depository)

LITHUANIA	CSDL	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Central Securities Depository of
	Lithuania)

LUXEMBOURG	CBL	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Clearstream Banking S.A.)

MALAYSIA	Bursa Depository	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn Bhd)

	BNM	Government Debt
	(Bank Negara Malaysia)

MAURITIUS	CDS	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository & Settlement Co. Ltd)

	BOM	Government Debt
	(Bank of Mauritius)

MEXICO	Indeval	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(S.D. Indeval S.A. de C.V.)

MOROCCO	Maroclear	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Maroclear)

NETHERLANDS	Euroclear Nederland	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Euroclear Nederland)

NEW ZEALAND	NZCSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(New Zealand Central Securities
	Depository Limited)

NIGERIA	CSCS	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Securities Clearing System Plc)

	CBN	Government Debt
	(Central Bank of Nigeria)

NORWAY	VPS	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Verdipapirsentralen ASA)

OMAN	MCD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Muscat Clearing and Depository Co.
	(S.A.O.C))


PAKISTAN	SBP	Government Debt
	(State Bank of Pakistan)

	CDC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository Company of Pakistan
	Limited)

PERU	CAVALI	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(CAVALI S.A. I.C.L.V.)

PHILIPPINES	PDTC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Philippine Depository and Trust
	Corporation)

	RoSS	Government Debt
	(Bureau of Treasury - Registry of Scripless
	Securities)

POLAND	KDPW	Equity, Corporate Debt, Long-Term
	(Krajowy Depozyt Papierów	Government Debt
	Wartosciowych S.A.)

	RPW	Short-Term Government Debt
	(National Bank of Poland - Registry of
	Securities)

PORTUGAL	INTERBOLSA	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Sociedade Gestora de Sistemas de
	Liquidação e de Sistemas Centralizados de
	Valores Mobiliários, S.A.)

QATAR	QCSD	Equity, Government Debt
	(Qatar Central Securities Depository)

ROMANIA	CD S.A.	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository S.A.)

	NBR	Government Debt
	(National Bank of Romania)

RUSSIA	NSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(National Settlement Depository)

SAUDI ARABIA	SDCC	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Securities Depository Center Company)

SERBIA	CSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Central Securities Depository and Clearing
	House)


SINGAPORE	CDP	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government
	(The Central Depository (Pte) Limited)	Securities

	MAS	Government Securities
	(Monetary Authority of Singapore)

SLOVAK	CDCP	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
REPUBLIC	(Centrálny depozitár cenných papierov SR,
	a.s.)

SLOVENIA	KDD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Centralna klirinško depotna dru~ba d.d.)

SOUTH AFRICA	Strate	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Strate (Pty) Limited)

SOUTH KOREA	KSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Korea Securities Depository)

SPAIN	IBERCLEAR	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Sociedad de Sistemas)

SRI LANKA	CDS	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Central Depository Systems (Pvt.) Ltd.)

	LankaSecure	Government Debt
	(Central Bank of Sri Lanka - LankaSecure)

SWEDEN	Euroclear Sweden	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Euroclear Sweden AB)

SWITZERLAND	SIS	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(SIX SIS AG)

TAIWAN	TDCC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Taiwan Depository and Clearing
	Corporation)

	CBC	Government Debt
	(Central Bank of the Republic of China
	(Taiwan))

TANZANIA	CDS	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange Central
	Depository System)

THAILAND	TSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Thailand Securities Depository Company
	Limited)

TRINIDAD AND	TTCD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
TOBAGO	(Trinidad and Tobago Central Depository
	Limited)


TUNISIA	Tunisie Clearing	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Tunisie Clearing)

TURKEY	CBRT	Government Debt
	(Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi
	A.S.)

	CRA	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Merkezi Kayit Kurulusu A.S.)

UGANDA	CSD	Government Debt
	(Bank of Uganda - Central Securities
	Depository)

	SCD	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Uganda Securities Exchange - Securities
	Central Depository)

UKRAINE	NDU	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(National Depository of Ukraine)

UNITED ARAB	ADX	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
EMIRATES - ADX	(Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange)

UNITED ARAB	DFM	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
EMIRATES - DFM	(Dubai Financial Market)

UNITED ARAB	NASDAQ Dubai	Corporate Debt
EMIRATES -	(NASDAQ Dubai Limited)
NASDAQ DUBAI

UNITED	EUI	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
KINGDOM	(Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited)

UNITED STATES	FRB	Government Debt, Mortgage Backed
	(Federal Reserve Bank)	Securities

	DTC	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Depository Trust Company)

URUGUAY	BCU	Government Debt
	(Banco Central del Uruguay)

VENEZUELA	CVV	Equity, Corporate Debt
	(Caja Venezolana de Valores, S.A.)

	BCV	Government Debt
	(Banco Central de Venezuela)

VIETNAM	VSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
	(Vietnam Securities Depository)


WAEMU - BENIN,	DC/BR	Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt
BURKINA FASO,	(Le Dépositaire Central / Banque de
GUINEA-BISSAU,	Règlement)
IVORY COAST,
MALI, NIGER,
SENEGAL, TOGO

ZAMBIA	LuSE CSD	Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds
	(Lusaka Stock Exchange Central Shares
	Depository)

	BoZ	Government Debt
	(Bank of Zambia)

ZIMBABWE	CDC	Equity
	(Chengetedzai Depository Company
	Limited)

EXHIBIT 1—Amendment 2

The following is an amendment, dated as of December 22, 2017 (“Amendment”), to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the “Agreement”), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“Bank”) and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a “Trust”). This Amendment serves to update the names of the Trusts and certain of their portfolios (each, a “Fund”) listed on Exhibit 1. Bank and Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the following Trusts and Funds listed below. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund¹

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund¹

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund¹

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund¹

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund²

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund²

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund²

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund²

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund¹

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund²

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund¹

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund¹

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund¹

Vanguard International Value Fund²

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund¹

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio¹

Equity Index Portfolio²

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio²

Moderate Allocation Portfolio¹

REIT Index Portfolio²

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio¹

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund²

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

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¹Effective on or about February 20, 2018, or as otherwise agreed by the parties.

²Effective on or about March 22, 2018, or as otherwise agreed by the parties.

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunications Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.


JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.	EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT
	INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON
	EXHIBIT 1 HERETO
By:	By:
Name:	Name:	Thomas J. Higgins
Title:	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

AMENDED AND RESTATED MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

This Agreement is made as of September 15, 2017 by and among each management investment company identified on Appendix A hereto (each such management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 19.5 below, shall hereinafter be referred to as the “Fund”), and STATE STREET BANK and TRUST COMPANY, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Custodian”). Each Fund and the Custodian agree that this Agreement merges, integrates and supersedes all prior agreements, side letters and understandings between the parties with respect to the matters contained herein; provided, however, that the continuation of any other agreements that may reference the Master Custodian Agreement between the Custodian and the Fund dated prior to the date hereof (“Prior Agreement”) is not intended to be affected by the fact of this amendment and restatement of the Master Custodian Agreement, and reference in such other agreements to a Prior Agreement shall be considered to be a reference to this Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement (provided that matters relating to the time period prior to the date of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Prior Agreement).

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, each Fund is authorized to issue shares of common stock or shares of beneficial interest in separate series (“Shares”), with each such series representing interests in a separate portfolio of securities and other assets;

WHEREAS, each Fund so authorized intends that this Agreement be applicable to each of its series set forth on Appendix A hereto (such series together with all other series subsequently established by the Fund and made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 19.6 below, shall hereinafter be referred to as the “Portfolio(s)”).

WHEREAS, each Fund not so authorized intends that this Agreement be applicable to it and all references hereinafter to one or more “Portfolio(s)” shall be deemed to refer to such Fund(s); and

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements hereinafter contained, the parties hereto intending to be legally bound hereby agree as follows:

SECTION 1. EMPLOYMENT OF CUSTODIAN AND PROPERTY TO BE HELD BY IT

Each Fund hereby employs the Custodian as a custodian of assets of the Portfolios, including securities which the Fund, on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, desires to be held in places within the United States (“domestic securities”) and securities which the Fund, on behalf of the applicable Portfolio desires to be held outside the United States (“foreign securities”). Each Fund, on behalf of its Portfolio(s), agrees to deliver to the Custodian all securities, other financial assets and cash of the Portfolios, and all payments of income, payments of principal or capital distributions received by it with respect to all securities or other financial assets owned by the Portfolio(s) from time to time, and the cash consideration received by it for such Shares as may be issued or sold from time to time. The Custodian shall not be responsible for any property of a Portfolio which is not received by it or which is delivered out in accordance with Proper Instructions (as such term is defined in Section 8 hereof) including, without limitation, Portfolio property (i) held by brokers, private bankers or other entities on behalf of the Portfolio (each a “Local Agent”), (ii) held by Special Sub-Custodians (as such term is defined in Section 6 hereof), (iii) held by entities which have advanced monies to or on behalf of the Portfolio and which have received Portfolio property as security for such advance(s) (each a “Pledgee”), or (iv) delivered or otherwise removed from the custody of the Custodian (a) in connection with any Free Trade (as such term is defined in Sections 2.2(14) and 2.6(7) hereof) or (b) pursuant to Special Instructions (as such term is defined in Section 8 hereof). With

respect to uncertificated shares (the “Underlying Shares”) of (i) registered “investment companies” (as defined in Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended from time to time (the “1940 Act”)), whether in the same “group of investment companies” (as defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the 1940 Act) or otherwise, including pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act or (ii) investment companies or other pooled investment vehicles that are not registered pursuant to the 1940 Act (the entities listed in clauses (i) and (ii) being hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Underlying Portfolios”) the holding of confirmation statements that identify the shares as being recorded in the Custodian’s name on behalf of the Portfolios will be deemed custody for purposes hereof.

Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall from time to time employ one or more sub-custodians located in the United States for a Fund on behalf of the applicable Portfolio(s. The Custodian may place and maintain each Fund’s foreign securities with foreign banking institution sub-custodians employed by the Custodian and/or foreign securities depositories, all as designated in Schedules A and B hereto, but only in accordance with the applicable provisions of Sections 3 and 4 hereof.

SECTION 2. DUTIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY OF THE PORTFOLIOS TO BE HELD

IN THE UNITED STATES

SECTION 2.1 HOLDING SECURITIES. The Custodian shall hold and physically segregate for the account of each Portfolio all non-cash property, to be held by it in the United States, including all domestic securities owned by such Portfolio other than (a) securities which are maintained pursuant to Section 2.8 in a clearing agency which acts as a securities depository or in a book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (each, a “U.S. Securities System”) and (b) Underlying Shares owned by each Fund which are maintained pursuant to Section 2.10 hereof in an account with State Street Bank and Trust Company or such other entity which may from time to time act as a transfer agent for the Underlying Portfolios and with respect to which the Custodian is provided with Proper Instructions (the “Underlying Transfer Agent”). Except as precluded by Section 8-501(d) of the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”), the Custodian shall hold all securities and other financial assets, other than cash, of a Portfolio that are delivered to it in a “securities account” with the Custodian for and in the name of such Portfolio and shall treat all such assets other than cash as “financial assets” as those terms are used in the UCC. The Custodian shall identify on its books and records as belonging to a Portfolio the securities and other financial assets, constituting Portfolio assets held by (a) the Custodian, its delegates and sub-custodians, (b) a U.S. Securities System, or (c) an Underlying Transfer Agent in accordance with Section 2.10. To the extent that the Custodian or any of its sub-custodians holds securities constituting the Portfolio’s assets in an omnibus account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers, the records of the Custodian shall identify which of such securities constitute a Portfolio’s assets.

SECTION 2.2 DELIVERY OF SECURITIES. The Custodian shall release and deliver domestic securities and other financial assets owned by a Portfolio held by the Custodian, in a U.S. Securities System account of the Custodian or in an account at the Underlying Transfer Agent, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable Portfolio, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

1) Upon sale of such securities for the account of the Portfolio in accordance with customary or established market practices and procedures, including, without limitation, delivery to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent of such purchaser or dealer) against expectation of receiving later payment;

2) Upon the receipt of payment in connection with any repurchase agreement related to such securities entered into by the Portfolio;

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3) In the case of a sale effected through a U.S. Securities System, in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.8 hereof;

4) To the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for securities of the Portfolio;

5) To the issuer thereof or its agent when such securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable; provided that, in any such case, the cash or other consideration is to be delivered to the Custodian;

6) To the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Portfolio or into the name of any nominee or nominees of the Custodian or into the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.7 or into the name or nominee name of any sub-custodian appointed pursuant to Section 1; or for exchange for a different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units; provided that, in any such case, the new securities are to be delivered to the Custodian;

7) Upon the sale of such securities for the account of the Portfolio, to the broker or its clearing agent, against a receipt, for examination in accordance with “street delivery” custom; provided that in any such case, the Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such securities prior to receiving payment for such securities except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

8) For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

9) In the case of warrants, rights or similar securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities; provided that, in any such case, the new securities and cash, if any, are to be delivered to the Custodian;

10) For delivery in connection with any loans of securities made by the Portfolio (a) against receipt of collateral as agreed from time to time by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, except that in connection with any loans for which collateral is to be credited to the Custodian’s account in the book-entry system authorized by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Custodian will not be held liable or responsible for the delivery of securities owned by the Portfolio prior to the receipt of such collateral or (b) to the lending agent, or the lending agent’s custodian, in accordance with written Proper Instructions (which need not provide for the receipt by the Custodian of collateral therefor) agreed upon from time to time by the Custodian and the Fund;

11) For delivery as security in connection with any borrowing by a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requiring a pledge of assets by the Fund on behalf of such Portfolio;

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12) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange, or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Fund on behalf of a Portfolio;

13) For delivery in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian, and a futures commission merchant registered under the Commodity Exchange Act, relating to compliance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and/or any contract market, or any similar organization or organizations, regarding account deposits in connection with transactions by the Fund on behalf of a Portfolio;

14) Upon the sale or other delivery of such investments (including, without limitation, to one or more (a) Special Sub-Custodians or (b) additional custodians appointed by the Fund, and communicated to the Custodian from time to time via a writing duly executed by an authorized officer of the Fund, for the purpose of engaging in repurchase agreement transactions(s), each a “Repo Custodian”), and prior to receipt of payment therefor, as set forth in written Proper Instructions (such delivery in advance of payment, along with payment in advance of delivery made in accordance with Section 2.6(7), as applicable, shall each be referred to herein as a “Free Trade”), provided that such Proper Instructions shall set forth (a) the securities of the Portfolio to be delivered and (b) the person(s) to whom delivery of such securities shall be made;

15) Upon receipt of instructions from the Fund’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) for delivery to such Transfer Agent or to the holders of Shares in connection with distributions in kind, as may be described from time to time in the currently effective prospectus and statement of additional information of the Fund related to the Portfolio (the “Prospectus”), in satisfaction of requests by holders of Shares for repurchase or redemption;

16) In the case of a sale processed through the Underlying Transfer Agent of Underlying Shares, in accordance with Section 2.10 hereof;

17) For delivery as initial or variation margin in connection with futures or options on futures contracts entered into by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio; and

18) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Fund on behalf of the applicable Portfolio specifying (a) the securities of the Portfolio to be delivered and (b) the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

SECTION 2.3 REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES. Domestic securities or other financial assets held by the Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered in the name of the Portfolio or in the name of any nominee of a Fund on behalf of the Portfolio or of any nominee of the Custodian which nominee shall be assigned exclusively to the Portfolio, unless the Fund has authorized in writing the appointment of a nominee to be used in common with other registered management investment companies having the same investment adviser as the Portfolio, or in the name or nominee name of any agent appointed pursuant to Section 2.7 or in the name or nominee name of any sub-custodian appointed pursuant to Section 1. All securities accepted by the Custodian on behalf of the Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement shall be

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in “street name” or other good delivery form. If, however, a Fund directs the Custodian to maintain securities in “street name”, the Custodian shall utilize its best efforts to timely collect income due the Fund on such securities and shall utilize its best efforts to timely notify the Fund of relevant corporate actions including, without limitation, pendency of calls, maturities, tender or exchange offers.

SECTION 2.4 BANK ACCOUNTS. The Custodian shall open and maintain a separate bank account or accounts in the United States in the name of each Portfolio of each Fund, subject only to draft or order by the Custodian acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall hold in such account or accounts, subject to the provisions hereof, all cash received by it from or for the account of the Portfolio, other than cash maintained by the Portfolio in a bank account established and used in accordance with Rule 17f-3 under the 1940 Act. Funds held by the Custodian for a Portfolio may be deposited by it to its credit as Custodian in the banking department of the Custodian or in such other banks or trust companies as it may in its discretion deem necessary or desirable; provided, however, that every such bank or trust company shall be qualified to act as a custodian under the 1940 Act and that each such bank or trust company and the funds to be deposited with each such bank or trust company shall on behalf of each applicable Portfolio be approved by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees or the Board of Directors of the Fund (as appropriate, and in each case, the “Board”). Such funds shall be deposited by the Custodian in its capacity as Custodian and shall be withdrawable by the Custodian only in that capacity.

SECTION 2.5 COLLECTION OF INCOME. Except with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14) or purchased pursuant to Section 2.6(7), and subject to the provisions of Section 2.3, the Custodian shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to registered domestic securities and other financial assets held hereunder to which each Portfolio shall be entitled either by law or pursuant to custom in the securities business, and shall collect on a timely basis all income and other payments with respect to bearer domestic securities if, on the date of payment by the issuer, such securities are held by the Custodian or its agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Custodian shall detach and present for payment all coupons and other income items requiring presentation as and when they become due and shall collect interest when due on securities held hereunder. The Custodian shall credit income to the Portfolio as such income is received or in accordance with the Custodian’s then current payable date income schedule. The Custodian may reverse any income credited by the Custodian to a Portfolio after the Custodian reasonably determines that actual payment of income will not occur in due course, and the Custodian may charge the Portfolio a rate agreed upon by the parties for the amount of unpaid income credited to the Portfolio. Income due each Portfolio on securities loaned pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.2 (10) shall be the responsibility of the applicable Fund. The Custodian will have no duty or responsibility in connection therewith, other than to provide the Fund with such information or data as may be necessary to assist the Fund in arranging for the timely delivery to the Custodian of the income to which the Portfolio is properly entitled.

The Custodian shall notify a Fund, at the frequency agreed upon by the parties, in writing by facsimile transmission, electronic communication, or in such other manner as the Fund and the Custodian may agree in writing, if any amount payable with respect to portfolio securities or other assets of the Portfolios of a Fund is not received by the Custodian when due. In the event that extraordinary measures are required to collect such income, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and agree upon any compensation and expenses payable to the Custodian as a result of taking such measures. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the collection of amounts due and payable with respect to portfolio securities or other assets that are in default.

SECTION 2.6 PAYMENT OF FUND MONIES. The Custodian shall pay out monies of a Portfolio as

provided in Section 5 and otherwise upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of the applicable

Information Classification: Limited Access

Portfolio, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out monies of a Portfolio in the following cases only:

1) Upon the purchase of domestic securities, options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts for the account of the Portfolio but only (a) in accordance with customary or established market practices and procedures, including, without limitation, delivering money to the seller thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such seller or dealer) against expectation of receiving later delivery of such securities or evidence of title to such options, futures contracts or options on futures contracts to the Custodian (or any bank, banking firm or trust company doing business in the United States or abroad which is qualified under the 1940 Act to act as a custodian and has been designated by the Custodian as its agent for this purpose) registered in the name of the Portfolio or in the name of a nominee of the Custodian referred to in Section 2.3 hereof or in proper form for transfer; (b) in the case of a purchase effected through a U.S. Securities System, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.8 hereof; (c) in the case of a purchase of Underlying Shares, in accordance with the conditions set forth in Section 2.10 hereof; (d) in the case of repurchase agreements entered into between the applicable Fund on behalf of a Portfolio and the Custodian, or another bank, or a broker-dealer which is a member of FINRA, (i) against delivery of the securities either in certificate form or through an entry crediting the Custodian’s account at the Federal Reserve Bank with such securities or (ii) against delivery of the receipt evidencing purchase by the Portfolio of securities owned by the Custodian along with written evidence of the agreement by the Custodian to repurchase such securities from the Portfolio; or (e) for transfer to a time deposit account of the Fund in any bank, whether domestic or foreign; such transfer may be effected prior to receipt of a confirmation from a broker and/or the applicable bank pursuant to Proper Instructions from the Fund as defined herein;

2) In connection with conversion, exchange or surrender of securities owned by the Portfolio as set forth in Section 2.2 hereof;

3) For the redemption or repurchase of Shares issued as set forth in Section 7 hereof;

4) For the payment of any expense or liability incurred by the Portfolio, including but not limited to the following payments for the account of the Portfolio: interest, taxes, management, accounting, transfer agent and legal fees, and operating expenses of the Fund whether or not such expenses are to be in whole or in part capitalized or treated as deferred expenses;

5) For the payment of any dividends on Shares declared pursuant to the Fund’s articles of incorporation or organization and by-laws or agreement or declaration of trust, as applicable, and Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information (collectively, “Governing Documents”);

6) For payment of the amount of dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

7) Upon the purchase of domestic investments including, without limitation, repurchase agreement transactions involving delivery of Portfolio monies to Repo Custodian(s), and prior to receipt of such investments, as set forth in written Proper Instructions (such payment in advance of delivery, along with delivery in advance of payment made in accordance with Section 2.2(14), as applicable, shall each be referred to herein as a “Free

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Trade”), provided that such Proper Instructions shall also set forth (a) the amount of such payment and (b) the person(s) to whom such payment is made;

8) For payment as initial or variation margin in connection with futures or options on futures contracts entered into by the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio; and

9) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions from the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio specifying (a) the amount of such payment and (b) the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

SECTION 2.7 APPOINTMENT OF AGENTS. The Custodian may at any time or times in its discretion appoint (and may at any time remove) agents to carry out such of the provisions of this Agreement as the Custodian may from time to time direct; provided, however, that the appointment of any agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its duties or obligations hereunder and the Custodian shall be fully responsible and liable for the actions and omissions of any agent (which shall not be deemed to be U.S. Securities Systems, Special Sub-Custodians, U.S. sub-custodians designated pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 1, or Foreign Sub-Custodians and sub-custodians and other agents of the Fund or Portfolio) appointed hereunder. The Underlying Transfer Agent shall not be deemed an agent or sub-custodian of the Custodian for purposes of this Section 2.7 or any other provision of this Agreement.

SECTION 2.8 DEPOSIT OF FUND ASSETS IN U.S. SECURITIES SYSTEMS. The Custodian may deposit and/or maintain securities owned by a Portfolio in a U.S. Securities System in compliance with the conditions of Rule 17f-4 under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time.

SECTION 2.9 SEGREGATED ACCOUNT. The Custodian shall upon receipt of Proper Instructions on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each such Portfolio, into which account or accounts may be transferred cash, in the case of a deposit account, or securities and other financial assets (other than cash), in the case of a securities account, of the Portfolio and collateral provided to the Portfolio by its counterparties, including securities maintained in an account by the Custodian pursuant to Section 2.8 hereof, (a) in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian and a broker-dealer registered under the Exchange Act and a member of the FINRA, relating to compliance with the rules of The Options Clearing Corporation and of any registered national securities exchange, or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Portfolio, (b) in accordance with the provisions of any agreement among the Fund, on behalf of the Portfolio, the Custodian and any futures commission merchant (registered under the Commodity Exchange Act) relating to compliance with the rules of the CFTC or any registered contract market, or of any similar organization or organizations, regarding escrow or other arrangements in connection with transactions by the Portfolio, (c) for purposes of segregating cash or government securities in connection with options purchased, sold or written by the Portfolio or commodity futures contract options thereon purchased or sold by the Portfolio, (d) for the purposes of compliance by the Portfolio with the procedures required by Investment Company Act Release No. 10666, or any subsequent release of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or no-action letter of the staff of the SEC, relating to the maintenance of segregated accounts by registered management investment companies, and (e) for any other purpose in accordance with Proper Instructions.

SECTION 2.10 DEPOSIT OF FUND ASSETS WITH THE UNDERLYING TRANSFER AGENT. Underlying Shares beneficially owned by the Fund, on behalf of a Portfolio, shall be deposited and/or maintained in an account or accounts maintained with an Underlying Transfer Agent and the Custodian’s only responsibilities with respect thereto shall be limited to the following:

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1) Upon receipt of a confirmation or statement from an Underlying Transfer Agent that such Underlying Transfer Agent is holding or maintaining Underlying Shares in the name of the Custodian (or a nominee of the Custodian) for the benefit of a Portfolio, the Custodian shall identify by book-entry that such Underlying Shares are being held by it as custodian for the benefit of such Portfolio.

2) In respect of the purchase of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall pay out monies of such Portfolio as so directed, and record such payment from the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

3) In respect of the sale or redemption of Underlying Shares for the account of a Portfolio, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall transfer such Underlying Shares as so directed, record such transfer from the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records and, upon the Custodian’s receipt of the proceeds therefor, record such payment for the account of such Portfolio on the Custodian’s books and records.

The Custodian shall not be liable to the Fund for any loss or damage to the Fund or any Portfolio resulting from the maintenance of Underlying Shares with an Underlying Transfer Agent except to the extent the loss or damage results directly from the fraud, negligence or willful misconduct of the Custodian or any of its agents or of any of its or their employees.

SECTION 2.11 OWNERSHIP CERTIFICATES FOR TAX PURPOSES. The Custodian shall execute ownership and other certificates and affidavits for all federal and state tax purposes in connection with receipt of income or other payments with respect to domestic securities of each Portfolio held by it and in connection with transfers of securities.

SECTION 2.12 PROXIES. The Custodian shall deliver to a Fund all forms of proxies, all proxy solicitation materials, all notices of meetings, and any other notices or announcements affecting or relating to securities owned by one or more of a Fund’s Portfolios that are received by the Custodian, any sub-custodian, or any nominee of either of them (or with the exercise of reasonable care that the Custodian, any sub-custodian, or any nominee of either of them should have become aware), and, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall execute and deliver, or cause such sub-custodian or nominee to execute and deliver, such proxies or other authorizations as may be required. Except as directed pursuant to Proper Instructions, neither the Custodian nor any sub-custodian or nominee shall vote upon any such securities, or execute any proxy to vote thereon, or give any consent or take any other action with respect thereto. In the event that the Custodian is unable to vote upon any such securities in accordance with Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall promptly notify (subject to market practices and rules) a Fund. Each Fund acknowledges that local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of the Fund to exercise shareholder rights.

SECTION 2.13 COMMUNICATIONS. Subject to the domestic securities or other financial assets held in the United States being registered as provided in Section 2.3, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to a Fund for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets being held for the Portfolio, including among other things, maturities of domestic securities and notices of exercise of call and put options. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian from issuers of the securities and other financial assets whose tender or exchange is sought and from the party or its agent making the tender or exchange offer.

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The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the Fund for each Portfolio all written information received by the Custodian regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to Portfolio securities or other financial assets issued in the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, the Custodian’s services with respect to class actions do not extend beyond the timely forwarding of written information so received by the Custodian.

SECTION 2.14 EXERCISE OF RIGHTS; TENDER OFFERS. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, the Custodian shall: (a) deliver warrants, puts, calls, rights or similar securities to the issuer or trustee thereof, or to the agent of such issuer or trustee, for the purpose of exercise or sale, provided that the new securities, cash or other assets, if any, acquired as a result of such actions are to be delivered to the Custodian; and (b) deposit securities upon invitations for tenders thereof, provided that the consideration for such securities is to be paid or delivered to the Custodian, or the tendered securities are to be returned to the Custodian. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Custodian shall take all necessary action, unless otherwise directed to the contrary in Proper Instructions, to comply with the terms of all mandatory or compulsory exchanges, calls, tenders, redemptions, or similar rights of security ownership (“Mandatory Corporate Actions”), and shall promptly notify a Fund of such Mandatory Corporate Action in writing by facsimile transmission, electronic communication, or in such other manner as the Fund and the Custodian may agree in writing.

In the event that Custodian is provided notice (in industry standard form) of (a) a proposed merger, recapitalization, reorganization, conversion, consolidation, subdivision, tender offer, takeover offer or other electable or voluntary corporate action or (b) a proposed issuance of securities or rights to participate in the issuance of securities, in each case by or with respect to the issuer of securities held by it for the account of a Portfolio (each a “Voluntary Corporate Action”), the Custodian shall provide written notice to the Fund or its designee promptly upon being provided such notice of the Voluntary Corporate Action. The notice provided by the Custodian shall include (i) a copy, or if a copy is not available, a synopsis of the offering materials provided to the Custodian by the issuer or its agent in connection with the Voluntary Corporate Action and (ii) the date on which the Custodian is required to take action to exercise rights or powers with respect to the Voluntary Corporate Action. Provided that the Custodian shall have delivered timely notice of the Voluntary Corporate Action to the Fund, the Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any Voluntary Corporate Action or other right or power in connection with domestic securities or other property of the Portfolios at any time held by it unless (i) the Custodian is in actual possession of such securities or property and (ii) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of any such right or power, and both (i) and (ii) occur at least two (2) business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise such right or power. If the Fund provides the Custodian with such notification after such deadline, the Custodian shall use its reasonable best efforts to process such election.

SECTION 2.15 SECURITIES LENDING. To the extent that a Fund engages in a securities lending program other than with the Custodian, the Fund and the Custodian will agree to procedures that will apply to such securities lending program.

SECTION 3. PROVISIONS RELATING TO RULES 17F-5 AND 17F-7

SECTION 3.1 DEFINITIONS. As used throughout this Agreement, the capitalized terms set forth

below shall have the indicated meanings:

“Country Risk” means all factors reasonably related to the systemic risk of holding Foreign Assets in a particular country including, but not limited to, such country’s political environment, economic and

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financial infrastructure (including any Eligible Securities Depository operating in the country), nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, prevailing or developing custody and settlement practices, and laws and regulations applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Foreign Assets held in custody in that country.

“Eligible Foreign Custodian” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(1) of Rule 17f-5, including a majority-owned or indirect subsidiary of a U.S. Bank (as defined in Rule 17f-5), a bank holding company meeting the requirements of an Eligible Foreign Custodian (as set forth in Rule 17f-5 or by other appropriate action of the SEC), or a foreign branch of a Bank (as defined in Section 2(a)(5) of the 1940 Act) meeting the requirements of a custodian under Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act; the term does not include any Eligible Securities Depository.

“Eligible Securities Depository” has the meaning set forth in section (b)(1) of Rule 17f-7.

“Foreign Assets” means any of the Portfolios’ investments (including foreign currencies) for which the primary market is outside the United States and such cash and cash equivalents as are reasonably necessary to effect the Portfolios’ transactions in such investments.

“Foreign Custody Manager” has the meaning set forth in section (a)(3) of Rule 17f-5.

“Rule 17f-5” means Rule 17f-5 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

“Rule 17f-7” means Rule 17f-7 promulgated under the 1940 Act.

SECTION 3.2 THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER.

3.2.1 DELEGATION TO THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. Each Fund, by resolution adopted by its Board, hereby delegates to the Custodian, subject to Section (b) of Rule 17f-5, the responsibilities set forth in this Section 3.2 with respect to Foreign Assets of the Portfolios held outside the United States, and the Custodian hereby accepts such delegation as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the Portfolios.

3.2.2 COUNTRIES COVERED. The Foreign Custody Manager shall be responsible for performing the delegated responsibilities defined below only with respect to the countries and custody arrangements for each such country listed on Schedule A to this Agreement, which list of countries may be amended from time to time by any Fund with the agreement of the Foreign Custody Manager. The Foreign Custody Manager shall list on Schedule A the Eligible Foreign Custodians selected by the Foreign Custody Manager to maintain the assets of the Portfolios, which list of Eligible Foreign Custodians may be amended from time to time in the sole discretion of the Foreign Custody Manager. The Foreign Custody Manager will provide amended versions of Schedule A in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereof.

Upon the receipt by the Foreign Custody Manager of Proper Instructions to open an account or to place or maintain Foreign Assets in a country listed on Schedule A, and the fulfillment by each Fund, on behalf of the applicable Portfolio(s), of the applicable account opening requirements for such country, the Foreign Custody Manager shall be deemed to have been delegated by such Fund’s Board on behalf of such Portfolio(s) responsibility as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to that country and to have accepted such delegation. Execution of this Agreement by each Fund shall be deemed to be a Proper Instruction to open an account, or to place or maintain Foreign Assets, in each country listed on Schedule A. The Custodian will assist a Fund in satisfying the account opening requirements for a country as may be reasonably requested by the Fund. Following the receipt of Proper Instructions directing the Foreign

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Custody Manager to close the account of a Portfolio with the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in a designated country, the delegation by the Board on behalf of such Portfolio to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager for that country shall be deemed to have been withdrawn, and such withdrawal shall be deemed to be effective, and the Custodian shall cease to be the Foreign Custody Manager with respect to such Portfolio with respect to that country as of the date that is ninety days (or such other period to which the parties may agree in writing) after receipt of any such Proper Instructions by the Foreign Custody Manager.

The Foreign Custody Manager may withdraw its acceptance of delegated responsibilities with respect to a designated country upon written notice to the Fund. Ninety days (or such longer period to which the parties agree in writing) after receipt of any such notice by the Fund, the Custodian shall have no further responsibility in its capacity as Foreign Custody Manager to the Fund with respect to the country as to which the Custodian’s acceptance of delegation is withdrawn.

3.2.3 SCOPE OF DELEGATED RESPONSIBILITIES:

(a) SELECTION OF ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. Subject to the provisions of this Section 3.2, the Foreign Custody Manager may place and maintain the Foreign Assets in the care of the Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager in each country listed on Schedule A, as amended from time to time. In performing its delegated responsibilities as Foreign Custody Manager to place or maintain Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian, the Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the Foreign Assets will be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the country in which the Foreign Assets will be held by that Eligible Foreign Custodian, after considering all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such assets, including, without limitation the factors specified in Rule 17f-5(c)(1).

(b) CONTRACTS WITH ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall determine that the contract governing the foreign custody arrangements with each Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager will satisfy the requirements of Rule 17f-5(c)(2).

(c) MONITORING. In each case in which the Foreign Custody Manager maintains Foreign Assets with an Eligible Foreign Custodian selected by the Foreign Custody Manager, the Foreign Custody Manager shall establish a system to monitor (i) the appropriateness of maintaining the Foreign Assets with such Eligible Foreign Custodian and (ii) the contract governing the custody arrangements established by the Foreign Custody Manager with the Eligible Foreign Custodian. In the event the Foreign Custody Manager determines that the custody arrangements with an Eligible Foreign Custodian it has selected are no longer appropriate, the Foreign Custody Manager shall notify the Board in accordance with Section 3.2.5 hereunder.

3.2.4 GUIDELINES FOR THE EXERCISE OF DELEGATED AUTHORITY. For purposes of this Section 3.2, the Board shall be deemed to have considered and determined to accept such Country Risk as is incurred by placing and maintaining the Foreign Assets in each country for which the Custodian is serving as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

3.2.5 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. The Foreign Custody Manager shall report the withdrawal of the Foreign Assets from an Eligible Foreign Custodian and the placement of such Foreign Assets with another Eligible Foreign Custodian by providing to the Board an amended Schedule A at the end of the calendar quarter in which an amendment to such Schedule has occurred. The Foreign Custody Manager shall make written reports notifying the Board of any other material change in the foreign custody arrangements of the Portfolios described in this Section 3.2 after the occurrence of the material change. The

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Foreign Custody Manager will also provide the Fund with global market information bulletins on a timely basis.

3.2.6 STANDARD OF CARE AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER OF A PORTFOLIO. In performing the responsibilities delegated to it, the Foreign Custody Manager agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence such as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of assets of management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act would exercise (unless a higher standard of care is required by Rule 17f-5). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian acting as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolio is subject to the standard of care set forth in Section 16 of this Agreement.

3.2.7 REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO RULE 17F-5. The Foreign Custody Manager represents to each Fund that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in section (a)(7) of Rule 17f-5. Each Fund represents to the Custodian that its Board has determined that it is reasonable for such Board to rely on the Custodian to perform the responsibilities delegated pursuant to this Agreement to the Custodian as the Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios.

3.2.8 EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERMINATION OF THE CUSTODIAN AS FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER. Each Board’s delegation to the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios shall be effective as of the date hereof and shall remain in effect until terminated at any time, without penalty, by written notice from the terminating party to the non-terminating party. Termination will become effective ninety (90) days after receipt by the non-terminating party of such notice. The provisions of Section 3.2.2 hereof shall govern the delegation to and termination of the Custodian as Foreign Custody Manager of the Portfolios with respect to designated countries.

3.2.9 CERTIFICATION REGARDING ELIGIBLE FOREIGN CUSTODIANS. Each report presented to a Fund’s Board by the Custodian pursuant to Section 3.2.5 above shall be accompanied by a certificate representing that (a) the Custodian has established a system to monitor the appropriateness of maintaining a Portfolio’s Foreign Assets with each Eligible Foreign Custodian pursuant to paragraph (c)(1) of Rule 17f-5 and to monitor the performance of each Eligible Foreign Custodian under the sub-custodian agreement between the Custodian and the Eligible Foreign Custodian, (b) the Custodian has monitored all Eligible Foreign Custodians and each Eligible Foreign Custodian continues to be an Eligible Foreign Custodian, (c) each Eligible Foreign Custodian continues to provide the standard of care set forth in Section 3.2.6 hereof, after considering all relevant factors, including without limitation, those factors set forth in paragraph (c)(1) of Rule 17f-5, (d) all foreign custody agreements between the Custodian and the Eligible Foreign Custodians continue to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of Rule 17f-5, (e) since the submission of the last report pursuant to Section 3.2.5 above, there have been no material adverse changes to the Custodian’s foreign custody network or arrangements other than those reported to the Board or other governing body or entity of the Fund, on behalf of itself or its applicable Portfolios, in the accompanying report or notified to the Fund through the Custodian’s Global Market Bulletins, distributed to designated officers of the Fund and available on the Custodian’s internet client portal, my.statestreet.com (which information shall be included in the accompanying report to the Board), and (f) the information included in the report is true, accurate and complete in all material respects.

SECTION 3.3

ELIGIBLE SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES.

3.3.1 ANALYSIS AND MONITORING. The Custodian shall (a) provide the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) with an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining assets with the Eligible Securities Depositories set forth on Schedule B hereto in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(A) of Rule 17f-7, and (b) monitor such risks on a continuing basis, and

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promptly notify the Fund (or its duly-authorized investment manager or investment adviser) of any material change in such risks, in accordance with section (a)(1)(i)(B) of Rule 17f-7.

3.3.2 STANDARD OF CARE. The Custodian agrees to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the duties set forth in Section 3.3.1 (unless a higher standard of care is required by Rule 17f-7). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian, in performing the duties set forth in Section 3.3.1, is subject to the standard of care set forth in Section 16 of this Agreement.

SECTION 3.4 LOCAL REGULATORY MATTERS. The Custodian shall assist a Fund in complying with regulations and market practices of jurisdictions other than the United States of America applicable to a Fund’s Foreign Assets as the Fund may reasonably request from time to time. Such assistance may include, but not be limited to, soliciting information and guidance from depositories, exchanges and regulators; obtaining legal opinions at the expense of the relevant Fund but only after a Fund has been notified and agrees in writing to the amount of such expenses; acting as a Fund’s representative (if required by local law) in making filings; and providing such other assistance with respect to its Foreign Assets as a Fund may reasonably request. Based on what the Custodian considers to be reasonably reliable sources of information, including its Eligible Foreign Custodians, Custodian shall inform a Fund as to the Custodian’s understanding of a Fund’s rights, duties and obligations under regulations and market practices of jurisdictions other than the United States of America in connection with actions taken by a Fund or the Custodian, including, but not limited to, corporate actions involving a Fund’s securities.

SECTION 4. DUTIES OF THE CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO PROPERTY OF THE PORTFOLIOS TO BE HELD OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES

SECTION 4.1 DEFINITIONS. As used throughout this Agreement, the capitalized terms set forth

below shall have the indicated meanings:

“Foreign Securities System” means an Eligible Securities Depository listed on Schedule B hereto.

“Foreign Sub-Custodian” means a foreign banking institution serving as an Eligible Foreign Custodian.

SECTION 4.2 HOLDING SECURITIES. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the Portfolios the foreign securities and other financial assets held by each Foreign Sub-Custodian or Foreign Securities System. The Custodian may hold foreign securities and other financial assets for all of its customers, including the Portfolios, with any Foreign Sub-Custodian in an account that is identified as belonging to the Custodian for the benefit of its customers, provided however, that (i) the records of the Custodian with respect to foreign securities and other financial assets of the Portfolios which are maintained in such account shall identify those securities as belonging to the Portfolios and (ii), to the extent permitted and customary in the market in which the account is maintained, the Custodian shall require that securities so held by the Foreign Sub-Custodian be held separately from any assets of such Foreign Sub-Custodian or of other customers of such Foreign Sub-Custodian.

SECTION 4.3 FOREIGN SECURITIES SYSTEMS. Foreign securities shall be maintained in a Foreign Securities System in a designated country through arrangements implemented by the Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian, as applicable, in such country.

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SECTION 4.4 TRANSACTIONS IN FOREIGN CUSTODY ACCOUNT.

4.4.1 DELIVERY OF FOREIGN ASSETS. The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall release and deliver foreign securities of the Portfolios held by the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian, or in a Foreign Securities System account, only upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, and only in the following cases:

(i) Upon the sale of such foreign securities for the Portfolio in accordance with commercially reasonable market practice in the country where such foreign securities are held or traded, including, without limitation: (A) delivery against expectation of receiving later payment; or (B) in the case of a sale effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of the Foreign Securities System;

(ii) In connection with any repurchase agreement related to foreign securities;

(iii) To the depository agent in connection with tender or other similar offers for foreign securities of the Portfolios;

(iv) To the issuer thereof or its agent when such foreign securities are called, redeemed, retired or otherwise become payable;

(v) To the issuer thereof, or its agent, for transfer into the name of the Custodian (or the name of the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or of any nominee of the Custodian or such Foreign Sub-Custodian) or for exchange for a different number of bonds, certificates or other evidence representing the same aggregate face amount or number of units;

(vi) To brokers, clearing banks or other clearing agents for examination or trade execution in accordance with market custom; provided that in any such case, the Foreign Sub-Custodian shall have no responsibility or liability for any loss arising from the delivery of such foreign securities prior to receiving payment for such foreign securities except as may arise from the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s own negligence or willful misconduct;

(vii) For exchange or conversion pursuant to any plan of merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization or readjustment of the securities of the issuer of such securities, or pursuant to provisions for conversion contained in such securities, or pursuant to any deposit agreement;

(viii) In the case of warrants, rights or similar foreign securities, the surrender thereof in the exercise of such warrants, rights or similar securities or the surrender of interim receipts or temporary securities for definitive securities;

(ix) For delivery as security in connection with any borrowing by a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requiring a pledge of assets by the Fund on behalf of such Portfolio;

(x) In connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

(xi) Upon the sale or other delivery of such foreign securities (including, without limitation, to one or more Special Sub-Custodians or Repo Custodians) as a Free Trade, provided that

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applicable Proper Instructions shall set forth (A) the foreign securities to be delivered and (B) the person or persons to whom delivery shall be made;

(xii) In connection with the lending of foreign securities; and

(xiii) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying (A) the foreign securities to be delivered and (B) the person or persons to whom delivery of such securities shall be made.

4.4.2 PAYMENT OF PORTFOLIO MONIES. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which may

be continuing instructions when deemed appropriate by the parties, the Custodian shall pay out, or direct the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian or the respective Foreign Securities System to pay out, monies of a Portfolio in the following cases only:

(i) Upon the purchase of foreign securities for the Portfolio, unless otherwise directed by Proper Instructions, by (A) delivering money to the seller thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such seller or dealer) against expectation of receiving later delivery of such foreign securities; or (B) in the case of a purchase effected through a Foreign Securities System, in accordance with the rules governing the operation of such Foreign Securities System;

(ii) In connection with the conversion, exchange or surrender of foreign securities of the Portfolio;

(iii) For the payment of any expense or liability of the Portfolio, including but not limited to the following payments: interest, taxes, investment advisory fees, transfer agency fees, fees under this Agreement, legal fees, accounting fees, and other operating expenses;

(iv) For the purchase or sale of foreign exchange or foreign exchange contracts for the Portfolio, including transactions executed with or through the Custodian or its Foreign Sub-Custodians;

(v) In connection with trading in options and futures contracts, including delivery as original margin and variation margin;

(vi) Upon the purchase of foreign investments including, without limitation, repurchase agreement transactions involving delivery of Portfolio monies to Repo Custodian(s), as a Free Trade, provided that applicable Proper Instructions shall set forth (A) the amount of such payment and (B) the person or persons to whom payment shall be made;

(vii) For payment of part or all of the dividends received in respect of securities sold short;

(viii) In connection with the borrowing or lending of foreign securities; and

(ix) For any other purpose, but only upon receipt of Proper Instructions specifying (A) the amount of such payment and (B) the person or persons to whom such payment is to be made.

4.4.3 MARKET CONDITIONS. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the

contrary, settlement and payment for Foreign Assets received for the account of the Portfolios and delivery

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of Foreign Assets maintained for the account of the Portfolios may be effected in accordance with the customary established securities trading or processing practices and procedures in the country or market in which the transaction occurs, including, without limitation, delivering Foreign Assets to the purchaser thereof or to a dealer therefor (or an agent for such purchaser or dealer) with the expectation of receiving later payment for such Foreign Assets from such purchaser or dealer but in all events subject to the standard of care set forth in Section 16 of this Agreement.

The Custodian shall provide to each Board the information with respect to custody and settlement practices in countries in which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian described on Schedule C hereto at the time or times set forth on such Schedule. The Custodian may revise Schedule C from time to time, provided that no such revision shall result in a Board being provided with substantively less information than had been previously provided hereunder.

SECTION 4.5 REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SECURITIES. The foreign securities maintained in the custody of a Foreign Sub-Custodian (other than bearer securities) shall be registered in the name of the applicable Portfolio or in the name of the Custodian or in the name of any Foreign Sub-Custodian or in the name of any nominee of the foregoing provided that the use of a nominee is customary market practice. The applicable Fund on behalf of such Portfolio agrees to hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of such foreign securities. To the extent that the use of nominee names is not customary market practice, foreign securities shall not be registered in a nominee name, and the Funds shall not have any obligation to hold harmless any such nominee where the use is not customary market practice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the prior written consent of the applicable Fund is given the applicable Fund on behalf of such Portfolio shall hold any such nominee harmless from any liability as a holder of record of such foreign securities. The Custodian or a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall not be obligated to accept securities on behalf of a Portfolio under the terms of this Agreement unless the form of such securities and the manner in which they are delivered are in accordance with reasonable market practice.

SECTION 4.6 BANK ACCOUNTS. The Custodian shall identify on its books as belonging to the applicable Portfolio cash (including cash denominated in foreign currencies) deposited with the Custodian. Where the Custodian is unable to maintain, or market practice does not facilitate the maintenance of, cash on the books of the Custodian, a bank account or bank accounts shall be opened and maintained outside the United States on behalf of a Portfolio with a Foreign Sub-Custodian. All accounts referred to in this Section shall be subject only to draft or order by the Custodian (or, if applicable, such Foreign Sub-Custodian) acting pursuant to the terms of this Agreement to hold cash received by or from or for the account of the Portfolio. Cash maintained on the books of the Custodian (including its branches, subsidiaries and affiliates), regardless of currency denomination, is maintained in bank accounts established under, and subject to the laws of, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The foregoing constitutes the disclosure required by Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 167D, Section 36.

SECTION 4.7 COLLECTION OF INCOME. The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to collect all income and other payments with respect to the Foreign Assets held hereunder to which the Portfolios shall be entitled and shall credit such income, as collected, to the applicable Portfolio. The Custodian shall notify the Fund, at the frequency agreed to by the parties, in writing by facsimile transmission, electronic communication or in such other manner as the Fund and Custodian may agree in writing, if any amount payable with respect to portfolio securities or other assets of the Portfolio of a Fund are not received by the Custodian when due. The Custodian shall not be responsible for the collection of amounts due and payable with respect to portfolio securities or other assets that are in default. In the event that extraordinary measures are required to collect such income, the Fund and the Custodian shall consult as to such measures and as to the compensation and expenses of the Custodian relating to such measures.

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Income on securities loaned other than from the Custodian’s securities lending program shall be credited as received.

SECTION 4.8 SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS. With respect to the foreign securities held pursuant to this Section 4, the Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder rights, subject always to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where such securities are issued, including but not limited to proxy services not being available in certain markets. Each Fund acknowledges that local conditions, including lack of regulation, onerous procedural obligations, lack of notice and other factors, may have the effect of severely limiting the ability of a Fund to exercise shareholder rights. The Custodian shall, however, as soon as is reasonably practicable communicate information received as to the foregoing to the applicable Fund. In addition to the foregoing, the Custodian agrees to provide the Funds with annual and periodic market updates.

SECTION 4.9 COMMUNICATIONS RELATING TO FOREIGN SECURITIES. The Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials received by the Custodian via the Foreign Sub-Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities being held for the account of the Portfolios (including, without limitation, pendency of calls and maturities of foreign securities and expirations of rights in connection therewith). With respect to tender or exchange offers, the Custodian shall transmit promptly to the applicable Fund written information with respect to materials so received by the Custodian from issuers of the foreign securities whose tender or exchange is sought or from the party (or its agents) making the tender or exchange offer. The Custodian shall not be liable for any untimely exercise of any tender, exchange or other right or power in connection with foreign securities or other property of the Portfolios at any time held by it unless (i) the Custodian or the respective Foreign Sub-Custodian is in actual possession of such foreign securities or property and (ii) the Custodian receives Proper Instructions with regard to the exercise of any such right or power, and both (i) and (ii) occur at least two (2) business days prior to the date on which the Custodian is to take action to exercise such right or power. For avoidance of doubt, upon and after the effective date of any termination of this Agreement, with respect to a Fund or its Portfolio(s), as may be applicable, the Custodian shall have no responsibility to so transmit any information under this Section 4.9.

The Custodian shall use reasonable commercial efforts to facilitate the exercise of voting and other shareholder rights, subject to the laws, regulations and practical constraints that may exist in the country where such securities are issued. In the event that the Fund invests in non-U.S. securities in a market in which the Custodian does not offer proxy voting services, the Custodian shall promptly notify the Fund. The Custodian shall also transmit promptly to the Fund all written information received by the Custodian through Foreign Sub-Custodians from issuers of the foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside of the United States and being held for the account of the Portfolio regarding any class action or other collective litigation relating to the Portfolio’s foreign securities or other financial assets issued outside the United States and then held, or previously held, during the relevant class-action period during the term of this Agreement by the Custodian via a Foreign Sub-Custodian for the account of the Fund for the Portfolio, including, but not limited to, opt-out notices and proof-of-claim forms. Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, the Custodian’s services with respect to class actions do not extend beyond the timely forwarding of written information so received by the Custodian.

SECTION 4.10 LIABILITY OF FOREIGN SUB-CUSTODIANS. The Custodian shall not employ a Foreign Sub-Custodian unless such employment is memorialized in a written agreement. Each such written agreement pursuant to which the Custodian employs a Foreign Sub-Custodian shall, to the extent possible using best efforts, require the Foreign Sub-Custodian to exercise reasonable care in the performance of its duties, and to indemnify, and hold harmless, the Custodian from and against any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim arising out of or in connection with the Foreign Sub-Custodian’s performance of

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such obligations. At a Fund’s election, the Portfolios shall be entitled to be subrogated to the rights of the Custodian with respect to any claims against a Foreign Sub-Custodian as a consequence of any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim if and to the extent that the Portfolios have not been made whole for any such loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim.

SECTION 4.11 TAX LAW. The Fund or its Portfolio shall be liable for all taxes, assessments, duties and other government charges, including any interest or penalty with respect thereto, with respect to any cash or securities held on behalf of the Fund or its Portfolios or any transaction related thereto. The Custodian shall withhold or cause to withhold the amount of tax which is required to be withheld under applicable law upon collection of any dividend, interest or other distribution with respect to any domestic security or foreign security and proceeds or income from the sale or other transfer of any domestic security or foreign security in custody at the Custodian. The Custodian shall assist the Fund with respect to any claim for exemption or reclaim under the tax laws of the designated countries listed on Schedule A upon request by a Fund. In providing such services, the Custodian does not act as the Fund’s tax adviser or tax counsel.

SECTION 5. CONTRACTUAL SETTLEMENT SERVICES (PURCHASE / SALES)

SECTION 5.1 With respect to each cash account designated in writing by a Portfolio, the Custodian shall, in accordance with the terms set out in this Section 5, debit or credit the appropriate cash account of each Portfolio in connection with (i) the purchase of securities for such Portfolio, and (ii) proceeds of the sale of securities held on behalf of such Portfolio, on a contractual settlement basis (the “Contractual Settlement Services”).

SECTION 5.2 The Contractual Settlement Services shall be provided for such instruments and in such markets as the Custodian may advise from time to time. The Custodian may terminate or suspend any part of the provision of the Contractual Settlement Services under this Agreement at its sole discretion immediately upon notice to the applicable Fund on behalf of each Portfolio, including, without limitation, in the event of force majeure events affecting settlement, any disorder in markets, or other changed external business circumstances affecting the markets or the Fund.

SECTION 5.3 The consideration payable in connection with a purchase transaction shall be debited from the appropriate cash account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that monies would ordinarily be required to settle such transaction in the applicable market. The Custodian shall promptly recredit such amount at the time that the Portfolio or the Fund notifies the Custodian by Proper Instruction that such transaction has been canceled.

SECTION 5.4 With respect to the settlement of a sale of securities, a provisional credit of an amount equal to the net sale price for the transaction (the “Settlement Amount”) shall be made to the account of the Portfolio as if the Settlement Amount had been received as of the close of business on the date that monies would ordinarily be available in good funds in the applicable market. Such provisional credit will be made conditional upon the Custodian having received Proper Instructions with respect to, or reasonable notice of, the transaction, as applicable; and the Custodian or its agents having possession of the asset(s) (which shall exclude assets subject to any third party lending arrangement entered into by a Portfolio) associated with the transaction in good deliverable form and not being aware of any facts which would lead them to reasonably believe that the transaction will not settle in the time period ordinarily applicable to such transactions in the applicable market.

SECTION 5.5 Subject to the relevant requirements of Section 16, the Custodian shall have the

right to reverse any provisional credit or debit given in connection with the Contractual Settlement Services

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when the Custodian believes, in its reasonable judgment, that such transaction will not settle in accordance with its terms or amounts due pursuant thereto will not be collectable or where the Custodian has not been provided Proper Instructions with respect thereto, as applicable. Upon such reversal, a sum equal to the credited or debited amount shall become immediately payable by the Portfolio to the Custodian and may be debited from any cash account held for benefit of the Portfolio. Prior to any such reversal, the Custodian will provide notice to the Fund pursuant to the relevant requirements of Section 16. Following such reversal, the Custodian will promptly notify the Fund of any action taken pursuant to this Section 5.5, which notice shall include a description of the facts forming the basis for the Custodian’s decision to reverse the provisional credit.

SECTION 5A. ACTUAL SETTLEMENT SERVICES (PURCHASE / SALES)

SECTION 5A.1 With respect to each cash account designated in writing by a Portfolio, the Custodian shall, in accordance with the terms set out in this Section 5A, debit or credit the appropriate cash account of each Portfolio in connection with (i) the purchase of securities for such Portfolio, and (ii) proceeds of the sale of securities held on behalf of such Portfolio, on an actual settlement basis.

SECTION 5A.2 The consideration payable in connection with a purchase transaction shall be debited from the appropriate cash account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that monies are actually payable.

SECTION 5A.3 With respect to the settlement of a sale of securities, the Custodian shall credit the appropriate cash account of the Portfolio as of the time and date that the cash received as consideration for the transaction is actually received by Custodian.

SECTION 6.

SPECIAL SUB-CUSTODIANS

Upon receipt of Special Instructions (as such term is defined in Section 8 hereof), the Custodian shall, on behalf of one or more Portfolios, appoint one or more banks, trust companies or other entities designated in such Special Instructions to act as a sub-custodian for the purposes of effecting such transaction(s) as may be designated by a Fund in Special Instructions. Each such designated sub-custodian is referred to herein as a “Special Sub-Custodian.” Each such duly appointed Special Sub-Custodian shall be listed on Schedule D hereto, as it may be amended from time to time by a Fund, with the acknowledgment of the Custodian. In connection with the appointment of any Special Sub-Custodian, and in accordance with Special Instructions, the Custodian shall enter into a sub-custodian agreement with the Fund and the Special Sub-Custodian in form and substance approved by such Fund, provided that such agreement shall in all events comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

SECTION 6A.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE

SECTION 6A.1. GENERALLY. Upon receipt of Proper Instructions, which for purposes of this Section may also include security trade advices, the Custodian shall facilitate the processing and settlement of foreign exchange transactions. Such foreign exchange transactions do not constitute part of the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement.

SECTION 6A.2. FUND ELECTIONS. Each Fund (or its investment manager or investment advisor (“Investment Advisor”) acting on its behalf) may elect to enter into and execute foreign exchange transactions with third parties that are not affiliated with the Custodian, with State Street Global Markets, which is the foreign exchange division of State Street Bank and Trust Company and its affiliated companies

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(“SSGM”), or with a sub-custodian. Where the Fund or its Investment Advisor gives Proper Instructions for the execution of a foreign exchange transaction using an indirect foreign exchange service described in the Client Publications (as defined below), the Fund (or its Investment Advisor) instructs the Custodian, on behalf of the Fund, to direct the execution of such foreign exchange transaction to SSGM or, when the relevant currency is not traded by SSGM, to the applicable sub-custodian. The Custodian shall not have any agency (except as contemplated in preceding sentence), trust or fiduciary obligation to the Fund, its Investment Advisor or any other person in connection with the execution of any foreign exchange transaction. The Custodian shall have no responsibility under this Agreement for the selection of the counterparty to, or the method of execution of, any foreign exchange transaction entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) or the reasonableness of the execution rate on any such transaction. “Client Publications” means the general client publications of State Street Bank and Trust Company available from time to time to clients.

SECTION 6A.3. FUND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Each Fund acknowledges that in connection with all foreign exchange transactions entered into by the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf) with SSGM or any sub-custodian, SSGM and each such sub-custodian:

(i) shall be acting in a principal capacity and not as broker, agent or fiduciary to the Fund or its Investment Advisor;

(ii) shall seek to profit from such foreign exchange transactions, and are entitled to retain and not disclose any such profit to the Fund or its Investment Advisor; and

(iii) shall enter into such foreign exchange transactions pursuant to the terms and conditions, including pricing or pricing methodology, (a) agreed with the Fund or its Investment Advisor from time to time or (b) in the case of an indirect foreign exchange service, (i) as established by SSGM and set forth in the Client Publications with respect to the particular foreign exchange execution services selected by the Fund or the Investment Advisor or (ii) as established by the sub-custodian from time to time.

SECTION 6A.4. TRANSACTIONS BY STATE STREET. The Custodian or its affiliates, including SSGM, may trade based upon information that is not available to the Fund (or its Investment Advisor acting on its behalf), and may enter into transactions for its own account or the account of clients in the same or opposite direction to the transactions entered into with the Fund (or its Investment Advisor), and shall have no obligation, under this Agreement, to share such information with or consider the interests of their respective counterparties, including, where applicable, the Fund or the Investment Advisor.

SECTION 7. PAYMENTS FOR SALES OR REPURCHASES OR REDEMPTIONS OF SHARES

The Custodian shall receive from the distributor of the Shares or from the Transfer Agent and deposit into the account of the appropriate Portfolio such payments as are received for Shares thereof issued or sold from time to time by the applicable Fund. The Custodian will provide timely notification to such Fund on behalf of each such Portfolio and the Transfer Agent of any receipt by it of payments for Shares of such Portfolio.

From such funds as may be available for the purpose, the Custodian shall, upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent, make funds available for payment to holders of Shares who have delivered to the Transfer Agent a request for redemption or repurchase of their Shares. In connection with the redemption or repurchase of Shares, the Custodian is authorized upon receipt of instructions from the Transfer Agent to wire funds to or through a commercial bank designated by the redeeming shareholders. In connection

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with the redemption or repurchase of Shares, the Custodian shall honor checks drawn on the Custodian by a holder of Shares, which checks have been furnished by a Fund to the holder of Shares, when presented to the Custodian in accordance with such procedures and controls as are mutually agreed upon from time to time between such Fund and the Custodian.

SECTION 8. PROPER INSTRUCTIONS AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

“Proper Instructions,” which may also be standing instructions, as such term is used throughout this Agreement shall mean instructions received by the Custodian from a Fund, a Fund’s duly authorized investment manager or investment adviser, or a person or entity duly authorized by either of them. Such instructions may be in writing signed by the authorized person or persons or may be in a tested communication or in a communication utilizing access codes effected between electro-mechanical or electronic devices or may be by such other means and utilizing such intermediary systems and utilities as may be agreed from time to time by the Custodian and the person(s) or entity giving such instruction, provided that the Fund has followed any security procedures agreed to from time to time by the applicable Fund and the Custodian. Oral instructions will be considered Proper Instructions if the Custodian reasonably believes them to have been given by a person authorized to provide such instructions with respect to the transaction involved; the Fund shall cause all oral instructions to be confirmed in writing. For purposes of this Section, Proper Instructions shall include instructions received by the Custodian pursuant to any multi-party agreement which requires a segregated asset account in accordance with Section 2.9 hereof.

“Special Instructions,” as such term is used throughout this Agreement, means Proper Instructions countersigned or confirmed in writing by the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer of the applicable Fund or any other person designated in writing by the Treasurer of such Fund, which countersignature or confirmation shall be (a) included on the same instrument containing the Proper Instructions or on a separate instrument clearly relating thereto and (b) delivered by hand, by facsimile transmission, or in such other manner as the Fund and the Custodian agree in writing.

Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, and from time to time thereafter, as appropriate, each Fund shall deliver to the Custodian, duly certified by such Fund’s Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, a certificate setting forth: (i) the names, titles, signatures and scope of authority of all persons authorized to give Proper Instructions or any other notice, request, direction, instruction, certificate or instrument on behalf of the Fund and (ii) the names, titles and signatures of those persons authorized to give Special Instructions. Such certificate may be accepted and relied upon by the Custodian as conclusive evidence of the facts set forth therein and shall be considered to be in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of a similar certificate to the contrary.

SECTION 9.

EVIDENCE OF AUTHORITY

The Custodian shall be protected in acting upon any instructions, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been properly executed by or on behalf of the applicable Fund provided that the Custodian exercised reasonable care without negligence in following or acting upon such instruction, notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument. The Custodian may receive and accept a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of any Fund as conclusive evidence (a) of the authority of any person to act in accordance with such resolution or (b) of any determination or of any action by the applicable Board as described in such resolution, and such resolution may be considered as in full force and effect until receipt by the Custodian of written notice to the contrary.

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SECTION 10. ACTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT EXPRESS AUTHORITY

The Custodian may in its discretion, without express authority from the applicable Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio:

1) Surrender securities in temporary form for securities in definitive form;

2) Endorse for collection, in the name of the Portfolio, checks, drafts and other negotiable instruments; and

3) In general, attend to all non-discretionary details in connection with the sale, exchange, substitution, purchase, transfer and other dealings with the securities and property of the Portfolio except as otherwise directed by the applicable Board.

SECTION 11. DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN WITH RESPECT TO THE BOOKS OF ACCOUNT

The Custodian shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to the entity or entities appointed by the applicable Board to keep the books of account of each Portfolio and to compute its net asset value. Each Fund acknowledges and agrees that, with respect to investments maintained with the Underlying Transfer Agent, the Underlying Transfer Agent is the sole source of information on the number of shares of a fund held by it on behalf of a Portfolio and that the Custodian has the right to rely on holdings information furnished by the Underlying Transfer Agent to the Custodian in performing its duties under this Agreement, including without limitation, the duties set forth in this Section 11 and in Section 12 hereof; provided, however, that the Custodian shall be obligated to reconcile information as to purchases and sales of Underlying Shares contained in trade instructions and confirmations received by the Custodian and to report promptly any discrepancies to the Underlying Transfer Agent. Each Fund acknowledges that, in keeping the books of account of the Portfolio, the Custodian is authorized and instructed to rely upon information provided to it by the Fund, the Fund’s counterparty(ies), or the agents of either of them.

SECTION 12.

RECORDS

The Custodian shall with respect to each Portfolio create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of each Fund under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to section 31 thereof and Rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be the property of the Fund and shall at all times during the regular business hours of the Custodian be open for inspection by duly authorized officers, employees or agents of such Fund, including such Fund’s independent public accountants, and employees and agents of the SEC. The Custodian shall, at a Fund’s request, supply the Fund with a tabulation of securities owned by each Portfolio and held by the Custodian and shall, when requested to do so by the Fund and for such compensation as shall be agreed upon between the Fund and the Custodian, include certificate numbers in such tabulations. Each Fund acknowledges that, in creating and maintaining the records as set forth herein with respect to Portfolio property released and delivered pursuant to Section 2.2(14), or purchased pursuant to Section 2.6(7) hereof, the Custodian is authorized and instructed to rely upon information provided to it by the Fund, the Fund’s counterparty(ies), or the agents of either of them.

SECTION 13.

RESERVED

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SECTION 14. REPORTS TO FUND BY INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

The Custodian shall provide the applicable Fund, on behalf of each of the Portfolios at such times as such Fund may reasonably require, with reports by independent public accountants on the accounting system, internal accounting control and procedures for safeguarding securities, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including securities deposited and/or maintained in a U.S. Securities System or a Foreign Securities System (either, a “Securities System”), relating to the services provided by the Custodian under this Agreement; such reports, shall be of sufficient scope and in sufficient detail, as may reasonably be required by the Fund to provide reasonable assurance that any material inadequacies would be disclosed by such examination, and, if there are no such inadequacies, the reports shall so state.

SECTION 15.

COMPENSATION OF CUSTODIAN

The Custodian shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as Custodian, as agreed upon from time to time between each Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and the Custodian.

SECTION 16.

RESPONSIBILITY OF CUSTODIAN

So long as and to the extent that it is in the exercise of reasonable care, the Custodian shall not be responsible for the title, validity or genuineness of any property or evidence of title thereto received by it or delivered by it pursuant to this Agreement and shall be held harmless in acting upon any notice, request, consent, certificate or other instrument reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to be signed by the proper party or parties. The Custodian shall perform the services provided for in this Agreement without negligence, fraud or willful misconduct and with reasonable care. The Custodian shall be liable to a Fund for any failure by the Custodian to satisfy the foregoing standard of care. The Custodian shall be kept indemnified by and shall be without liability to any Fund for any action taken or omitted by it in good faith without negligence, fraud or willful misconduct, including, without limitation, acting in accordance with any Proper Instruction without negligence, fraud or willful misconduct. The indemnification obligations of this Section shall survive termination of this Agreement.

Except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence, fraud or willful misconduct or the negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of a sub-custodian or agent, the Custodian shall be without liability to any Fund for any loss, liability, claim or expense resulting from or caused by: (i) events or circumstances beyond the reasonable control of the Custodian or any sub-custodian or Securities System or any agent or nominee of any of the foregoing (a “Force Majeure Event”), including, without limitation, the interruption, suspension or restriction of trading on or the closure of any securities market, power or other mechanical or technological failures or interruptions, acts of war, revolution, riots or terrorism, computer viruses or communications disruptions, work stoppages, natural disasters, or other similar events or acts, except to the extent that the Custodian fails to maintain and keep updated the business and continuity and disaster recovery plan as set forth in Section 19.7 and such failure causes such loss; (ii) errors by any Fund or its duly authorized investment manager or investment adviser in their instructions to the Custodian provided such instructions have been in accordance with this Agreement; (iii) the insolvency of or acts or omissions by a Securities System; (iv) any act or omission of a Special Sub-Custodian including, without limitation, reliance on reports prepared by a Special Sub-Custodian; (v) any delay or failure of any broker, agent or intermediary, central bank or other commercially prevalent payment or clearing system to deliver to the Custodian’s sub-custodian or agent securities purchased or in the remittance or payment made in connection with securities sold; (vi) any delay or failure of any company, corporation, or other body in charge of registering or transferring securities in the name of the Custodian, any Fund, the Custodian’s sub-custodians, nominees or agents or any consequential losses arising out of such delay or failure to transfer such securities including non-receipt of bonus, dividends and rights and other accretions or benefits; (vii)

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delays or inability to perform its duties due to any disorder in market infrastructure with respect to any particular security or Securities System; and (viii) any provision of any present or future law or regulation or order of the United States of America, or any state thereof, or any other country, or political subdivision thereof or of any court of competent jurisdiction.

The Custodian shall be liable to a Fund for the acts or omissions of any sub-custodian selected by the Custodian, whether domestic or foreign (but excluding any Special Sub-Custodian or U.S. sub-custodian designated by a Fund pursuant to Special Instructions or Proper Instructions), to the same extent that the Custodian would be liable to the Fund as if such action or omission was performed by the Custodian itself, taking into account the facts and circumstances and the established local market practices and laws prevailing in the relevant jurisdiction at the time of the action or omission. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Custodian shall in no event be liable for losses arising from Country Risk or from the insolvency or other financial default with respect to (a) any sub-custodian that is not an affiliate of the Custodian or (b) any depositary bank holding in a deposit account cash denominated in any currency other than an “on book” currency for that market.

If a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio requires the Custodian to take any action with respect to securities, which action involves the payment of money or which action may, in the reasonable opinion of the Custodian, result in the Custodian or its nominee assigned to the Fund or the Portfolio being liable for the payment of money, such Fund on behalf of the Portfolio, as a prerequisite to requiring the Custodian to take such action, shall provide indemnity to the Custodian in an amount and form to be mutually agreed upon between such Fund and Custodian if and when necessary.

If the Custodian, its affiliates, subsidiaries or agents, advances cash or securities for any purpose (including, but not limited to, securities settlements, foreign exchange contracts and assumed settlement, but not including amounts payable to the Custodian pursuant to Section 15 of this Agreement) or in the event that the Custodian or its nominee shall incur or be assessed from a third party any taxes, charges, expenses, assessments, claims or liabilities in connection with the investment activities of a Fund and the Custodian’s related performance of this Agreement, except such as may arise from the Custodian’s or its nominee’s own negligent action, negligent failure to act, fraud, or willful misconduct, any property at any time held for the account of the applicable Portfolio shall be security therefor and should the Fund fail to repay the Custodian promptly, the Custodian shall be entitled to apply available cash and to dispose of such Portfolio’s assets to the extent necessary to obtain reimbursement. In addition, the Custodian may at any time decline to follow Proper Instructions to deliver out cash, securities or other financial assets if the Custodian reasonably determines that, after giving effect to the Proper Instructions, the cash, securities or other financial assets remaining will not have sufficient value fully to secure the Fund’s reimbursement of the relevant advances or other liabilities.

Except as may arise from the Custodian’s own negligence, fraud or willful misconduct, each Fund severally and not jointly shall indemnify and hold the Custodian harmless from and against any and all costs, expenses, losses, damages, charges, counsel fees, payments and liabilities which may be asserted against the Custodian (a) acting in accordance with any Proper Instruction or Special Instruction including, without limitation, any Proper Instruction with respect to Free Trades including, but not limited to, cost, expense, loss, damage, charge, counsel fee, payment or liability resulting from the Custodian’s reasonable reliance upon information provided by the applicable Fund, such Fund’s counterparty(ies) or the agents of either of them with respect to Fund property released, delivered or purchased pursuant to either of Section 2.2(14) or Section 2.6(7) hereof; (b) for the acts or omissions of any Special Sub-Custodian; or (c) for the acts or omissions of any Local Agent or Pledgee.

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None of the parties shall be liable for indirect, special, incidental, punitive or consequential damages. Upon the occurrence of any event that causes or may cause any loss, damage or expense to a Fund, the Custodian shall (i) promptly notify a Fund of the occurrence of such event and (ii) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause any sub-custodian to use all commercially reasonable efforts and to take all reasonable steps under the circumstances to mitigate the effects of such event and to avoid continuing harm to a Fund.

SECTION 17. EFFECTIVE PERIOD, TERMINATION AND AMENDMENT

This Agreement shall become effective as of its execution, shall continue in full force and effect until terminated as hereinafter provided, may be amended at any time by mutual agreement of the parties hereto and may be terminated by either party by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than sixty (60) days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by a Fund on behalf of a Portfolio and not sooner than one hundred twenty (120) days if termination is being sought by the Custodian; provided, however, that no Fund shall amend or terminate this Agreement in contravention of any applicable federal or state regulations, or any provision of such Fund’s Governing Documents, and further provided, that any Fund on behalf of one or more of the Portfolios may at any time by action of its Board (i) substitute another bank or trust company for the Custodian by giving notice as described above to the Custodian, or (ii) immediately terminate this Agreement in the event of the appointment of a bankruptcy trustee or a conservator or receiver for the Custodian by the Comptroller of the Currency or upon the happening of a like event at the direction of an appropriate regulatory agency or court of competent jurisdiction. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund or Portfolio shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund or Portfolio.

Upon termination of the Agreement, the applicable Fund on behalf of each applicable Portfolio shall pay to the Custodian such compensation as may be due as of the date of such termination and shall likewise reimburse the Custodian for the transaction costs of delivering out the securities of such applicable Portfolio to the successor custodian appointed pursuant to Section 18 of this Agreement, if any.

In connection with any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall also reasonably cooperate with respect to the development of a transition plan setting forth a reasonable timetable for the transition and describing the parties’ respective responsibilities for transitioning the services back to the Fund or any successor custodian in an orderly and uninterrupted fashion.

If the Custodian is prevented from carrying out its obligations under the Agreement as a result of a Force Majeure Event for a period of 30 days, a Fund may terminate the Agreement by giving the Custodian not less than 30 days' notice, without prejudice to any of the rights of any party accrued prior to the date of termination; provided, however, that if the Force Majeure Event is a regional wide or market wide event that has similarly affected substantially all other providers of services to funds substantially similar to the services provided hereunder in such region or market, the Fund’s termination right shall only arise at such time that two (2) or more of such providers are reasonably able and have begun to recommence the provision of such services. If the Custodian recommences the provision of the affected services in all material respects prior to the exercise by a Fund of its termination right, such termination right shall lapse if the Custodian gives notice to the Fund that it has done so (and it has in fact so recommenced the provision of services) and a Fund has not already provided notice of termination prior to such notice by the Custodian that it has recommenced the services in all material respects.

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SECTION 18.

SUCCESSOR CUSTODIAN

If a successor custodian for one or more Portfolios shall be appointed by the applicable Board, the Custodian shall, upon termination and receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver to such successor custodian at the office of the Custodian (or such other location as shall mutually be agreed upon by the Custodian and the applicable Fund on behalf of such Portfolio), duly endorsed and in the form for transfer, all securities, cash, and other assets of each applicable Portfolio then held by it hereunder and shall transfer to an account of the successor custodian all of the securities of each such Portfolio held in a Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent.

If no such successor custodian shall be appointed, the Custodian shall, in like manner, upon receipt of Proper Instructions, deliver at the office of the Custodian (or such other location as shall mutually be agreed upon by the Custodian and the applicable Fund on behalf of such Portfolio) and transfer such securities, funds and other properties in accordance with such resolution.

In the event that no Proper Instructions designating a successor custodian or alternative arrangements shall have been delivered to the Custodian on or before the date when such termination shall become effective, then the Custodian shall have the right to deliver to a bank or trust company, which is a “bank” as defined in the 1940 Act, doing business in Boston, Massachusetts or New York, New York, of its own selection, having an aggregate capital, surplus, and undivided profits, as shown by its last published report, of not less than $25,000,000, all securities, funds and other properties held by the Custodian on behalf of each applicable Portfolio and all instruments held by the Custodian relative thereto and all other property held by it under this Agreement on behalf of each applicable Portfolio, and to transfer to an account of such successor custodian all of the securities of each such Portfolio held in any Securities System or at the Underlying Transfer Agent. Thereafter, such bank or trust company shall be the successor of the Custodian under this Agreement.

In the event that securities, funds and other properties remain in the possession of the Custodian after the date of termination hereof owing to failure of any Fund to provide Proper Instructions as aforesaid, the Custodian shall be entitled to fair compensation for its services during such period as the Custodian retains possession of such securities, funds and other properties and the provisions of this Agreement relating to the duties and obligations of the Custodian shall remain in full force and effect.

SECTION 19.

GENERAL

SECTION 19.1 NEW YORK LAW TO APPLY. This Agreement shall be construed and the provisions thereof interpreted under and in accordance with laws of The State of New York.

SECTION 19.2 CONFIDENTIALITY. All information provided under this Agreement by a party (the “Disclosing Party”) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) regarding the Disclosing Party’s business and operations shall be treated as confidential. All confidential information provided under this Agreement by Disclosing Party shall be used, including disclosure to third parties, by the Receiving Party, or its agents or service providers, solely for the purpose of performing or receiving the services and discharging the Receiving Party’s other obligations under the Agreement or managing the internal business of the Receiving Party and its affiliates, including financial and operational management and reporting, risk management, legal and regulatory compliance and client service management. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information (a) that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available, other than through a breach of this Agreement, (b) that is independently derived by the Receiving Party without the use of any information provided by the Disclosing Party in connection with this Agreement, (c) that is disclosed to comply with any proceeding, investigation, audit, examination, subpoena, civil investigative

Information Classification: Limited Access

demand or other similar process that is initiated, authorized, or conducted by a court of law, regulatory agency, or other governmental or administrative body with appropriate jurisdiction over either party, (d) that is disclosed as required by operation of law or regulation or as required to comply with the requirements of any market infrastructure that the Disclosing Party or its agents direct the Custodian or its affiliates to employ (or which is required in connection with the holding or settlement of instruments included in the assets subject to this Agreement), or (e) where the party seeking to disclose has received the prior written consent of the party providing the information.

SECTION 19.3 ASSIGNMENT. This Agreement may not be assigned by (a) any Fund without the written consent of the Custodian or (b) by the Custodian without the written consent of each applicable Fund.

SECTION 19.4 INTERPRETIVE AND ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS. In connection with the operation of this Agreement, the Custodian and each Fund on behalf of each of the Portfolios, may from time to time agree on such provisions interpretive of or in addition to the provisions of this Agreement as may in their joint opinion be consistent with the general tenor of this Agreement.

SECTION 19.5 ADDITIONAL FUNDS. In the event that any management investment company in addition to those listed on Appendix A hereto desires to have the Custodian render services as custodian under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Custodian in writing, and if the Custodian agrees in writing to provide such services, such management investment company shall become a Fund hereunder and be bound by all terms and conditions and provisions hereof including, without limitation, the representations and warranties set forth in Section 19.7 below.

SECTION 19.6 ADDITIONAL PORTFOLIOS. In the event that any Fund establishes one or more series of Shares in addition to those set forth on Appendix A hereto with respect to which it desires to have the Custodian render services as custodian under the terms hereof, it shall so notify the Custodian in writing, and if the Custodian agrees in writing to provide such services, such series of Shares shall become a Portfolio hereunder.

SECTION 19.7 THE PARTIES. All references herein to the “Fund” are to each of the management investment companies listed on Appendix A hereto, and each management investment company made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 19.5 above, individually, as if this Agreement were between such individual Fund and the Custodian. In the case of a series corporation, trust or other entity, all references herein to the “Portfolio” are to the individual series or portfolio of such corporation, trust or other entity, or to such corporation, trust or other entity on behalf of the individual series or portfolio, as appropriate. Any reference in this Agreement to “the parties” shall mean the Custodian and such other individual Fund as to which the matter pertains. Each Fund hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is duly incorporated or organized and is validly existing in good standing in its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization; (b) it has the requisite power and authority under applicable law and its Governing Documents to enter into and perform this Agreement; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) this Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement; and (e) its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Fund or any law or regulation applicable to it. The Custodian hereby represents and warrants that (a) it is duly incorporated or organized and is validly existing in good standing in its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization; (b) it has the requisite power and authority under applicable law and its declaration of trust or other governing documents to enter into and perform this Agreement; (c) all requisite proceedings have been taken to authorize it to enter into and perform this Agreement; (d) this Agreement constitutes its legal, valid, binding and enforceable agreement;

Information Classification: Limited Access

and (e) its entrance into this Agreement shall not cause a material breach or be in material conflict with any other agreement or obligation of the Custodian or any law or regulation applicable to it.

The Custodian hereby represents to each of the Funds, on behalf of each of such Fund’s Portfolios, that it (a) has and shall maintain and update a disaster recovery and business continuation plan that is reasonably designed to enable the Custodian to perform its duties and obligations set forth under this Agreement in the event of a significant business disruption affecting the Custodian, including a Force Majeure Event; (b) shall test the operability of such plan at least once every twelve (12) months and revise such plan as Custodian reasonably believes is necessary to ensure that the plan, in general, continues to be reasonably designed to enable the Custodian to perform its duties and obligations as set forth under this Agreement; and (c) shall activate such plan if Custodian reasonably believes (i) an event has occurred which would materially affect the Custodian’s timely discharge of its duties and performance of its obligations under this Agreement and (ii) activation of such plan would allow Custodian to discharge its duties hereunder. The Custodian shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement with appropriate parties one or more agreements making reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to the Fund and (ii) emergency use of electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Upon reasonable request, the Custodian shall discuss with the Fund the business continuity/disaster recovery plan of the Custodian. The Custodian represents that its business continuity plan is appropriate for its business as a provider of custodian services to investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

SECTION 19.8 REMOTE ACCESS SERVICES ADDENDUM. The Custodian and each Fund agree to be bound by the terms of the Remote Access Services Addendum hereto.

SECTION 19.9 NOTICES. Any notice, instruction or other instrument required to be given hereunder may be delivered in person to the offices of the parties as set forth herein during normal business hours or delivered prepaid registered mail or by telex, cable or telecopy to the parties at the following addresses or such other addresses as may be notified by any party from time to time.


To any Fund:	c/o THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
	400 Devon Park Drive, A29
Wayne, PA 19087
	Attention: Chief Financial Officer
	Telecopy: (610) 669-6112

With a copy to:	THE VANGUARD GROUP, INC.
	400 Devon Park Drive, V26
Wayne, PA 19087
	Attention: General Counsel
	Telecopy: (610) 669-6600

To the Custodian:	STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
	1 Iron Street
Boston, MA 02210
	Attention: Jay Fulchino
	Telephone: 617-662-0934

Information Classification: Limited Access


With a copy to:	STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY
	Legal Division – Global Services Americas
One Lincoln Street
Boston, MA 02111
	Attention: Senior Vice President

Such notice, instruction or other instrument shall be deemed to have been served in the case of a registered letter at the expiration of five business days after posting, in the case of cable twenty-four hours after dispatch and, in the case of facsimile, immediately on dispatch and if delivered outside normal business hours it shall be deemed to have been received at the next time after delivery when normal business hours commence and in the case of cable, facsimile or telecopy on the business day after the receipt thereof. Evidence that the notice was properly addressed, stamped and put into the post shall be conclusive evidence of posting.

SECTION 19.10 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

SECTION 19.11 SEVERABILITY. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, unlawful or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.

SECTION 19.12 REPRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS. This Agreement and all schedules, addenda, exhibits, appendices, attachments and amendments hereto may be reproduced by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, micro-card, miniature photographic or other similar process. The parties hereto all/each agree that any such reproduction shall be admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative proceeding, whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such reproduction was made by a party in the regular course of business, and that any enlargement, facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be admissible in evidence.

SECTION 19.13 SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS ELECTION. Rule 14b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires banks which hold securities for the account of customers to respond to requests by issuers of securities for the names, addresses and holdings of beneficial owners of securities of that issuer held by the bank unless the beneficial owner has expressly objected to disclosure of this information. In order to comply with the rule, the Custodian needs each Fund to indicate whether it authorizes the Custodian to provide such Fund’s name, address, and share position to requesting companies whose securities the Fund owns. If a Fund tells the Custodian “no,” the Custodian will not provide this information to requesting companies. If a Fund tells the Custodian “yes” or does not check either “yes” or “no” below, the Custodian is required by the rule to treat the Fund as consenting to disclosure of this information for all securities owned by the Fund or any funds or accounts established by the Fund. For a Fund’s protection, the Rule prohibits the requesting company from using the Fund’s name and address for any purpose other than corporate communications. Please indicate below whether the Fund consents or objects by checking one of the alternatives below.

YES [ ] The Custodian is authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

NO [X] The Custodian is not authorized to release the Fund’s name, address, and share positions.

SECTION 19.14 REPORTS. Upon reasonable request of a Fund, the Custodian shall provide the Fund with a copy of the Custodian’s System and Organization Controls for Service Organizations: Internal

Information Classification: Limited Access

Control over Financial Reporting (SOC) 1 reports prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT-C section 320, Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to User Entities’ Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (or any successor attestation standard). In addition, from time to time as requested, the Custodian will furnish the Fund a “gap” or “bridge” letter that will address any material changes that might have occurred in the Custodian’s controls covered in the SOC Report from the end of the SOC Report period through a specified requested date. The Custodian shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the Fund with such reports as the Fund may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-l of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements. Upon reasonable request to the Fund, the Custodian shall also provide to the Fund sub-certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements.

SECTION 19.15 OPINIONS. The Custodian shall take all reasonable action, as the Fund with respect to a Portfolio may from time to time request, to obtain from year to year favorable opinions from the Fund’s independent accountants with respect to its activities hereunder in connection with (i) the preparation of any registration statement of a Fund and any other reports required by a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund, and (ii) the fulfillment by a Fund of any other requirements of a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund.

SECTION 19.16 REGULATION GG. The Funds are hereby notified that “restricted transactions,” as such term is defined in Section 233.2(y) of Federal Reserve Regulation GG, are prohibited in any dealings with the Custodian pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise between or among any party hereto.

SECTION 19.17 PORTFOLIO BY PORTFOLIO BASIS. This Agreement is executed by a Fund with respect to each of its Portfolios and the obligations hereunder are not binding upon any of the directors, officers or shareholders of the Fund individually. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary, each and every obligation, liability or undertaking of a particular Portfolio under this Agreement shall constitute solely an obligation, liability or undertaking of, and be binding upon, such particular Portfolio and shall be payable solely from the available assets of such particular Portfolio and shall not be binding upon or affect any assets of any other Portfolio.

SECTION 19.18 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS. The Custodian and the Funds may from time to time agree to document the manner in which they expect to deliver and receive the services contemplated by this Agreement. In such event, each party will perform its obligations in accordance with any service levels that may be agreed upon by the parties in writing from time to time, subject to the terms of this Agreement

SECTION 19.19 LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM. If a Fund directs the Custodian in writing to perform loan services, the Custodian and the Fund will be bound by the terms of the Loan Services Addendum attached hereto. The Fund shall reimburse Custodian for its fees and expenses related thereto as agreed upon from time to time in writing by the Fund and the Custodian.

[Signature page to follow.]

Information Classification: Limited Access

APPENDIX A

Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds

Vanguard California Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard California Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard California Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard CMT Funds

Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund

Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds

Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds

Vanguard High-Yield Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Limited-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund

Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds

Vanguard New Jersey Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard New Jersey Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds

Vanguard New York Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard New York Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds

Vanguard Ohio Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds

Vanguard Pennsylvania Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Pennsylvania Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard STAR Fund

A-1

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Balanced Portfolio

Diversified Value Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

High Yield Bond Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

A-2


SCHEDULE A – GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK


MARKET	SUBCUSTODIAN	ADDRESS

Albania	Raiffeisen Bank sh.a.	Blv. "Bajram Curri" ETC – Kati 14 Tirana, Albania

Argentina	Citibank, N.A.	Bartolome Mitre 530
		1036 Buenos Aires, Argentina

Australia	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	HSBC Securities Services Level 3,
	Corporation Limited	10 Smith St.,
		Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia

Austria	Deutsche Bank AG (operating through its	Fleischmarkt 1
	Frankfurt branch with support from its	A-1010 Vienna, Austria
	Vienna branch)

	UniCredit Bank Austria AG	Custody Department / Dept. 8398-TZ Julius Tandler Platz 3
		A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Bahrain	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited (as	1^STFloor, Bldg. #2505 Road # 2832, Al
	delegate of The Hongkong and Shanghai	Seef 428 Kingdom of Bahrain
	Banking Corporation Limited)

Bangladesh	Standard Chartered Bank	Silver Tower, Level 7
		52 South Gulshan Commercial Area Gulshan 1, Dhaka 1212,
		Bangladesh

Belgium	Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands	De Entrees 99-197
	(operating through its Amsterdam	1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
	branch with support from its Brussels
	branch)

Benin	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Bermuda	HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited	6 Front Street
		Hamilton, HM06, Bermuda

Federation of	UniCredit Bank d.d.	Zelenih beretki 24
Bosnia and		71 000 Sarajevo
Herzegovina		Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana	Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited	4th Floor, Standard Chartered House Queens Road
		The Mall
		Gaborone, Botswana

Brazil	Citibank, N.A.	AV Paulista 1111
		São Paulo, SP 01311-920 Brazil

Bulgaria	Citibank Europe plc, Bulgaria Branch	Serdika Offices, 10th floor 48 Sitnyakovo Blvd.
		1505 Sofia, Bulgaria

	UniCredit Bulbank AD	7 Sveta Nedelya Square
		1000 Sofia, Bulgaria

Burkina Faso	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Canada	State Street Trust Company Canada	30 Adelaide Street East, Suite 800 Toronto, ON Canada
		M5C 3G6

Chile	Itaú CorpBanca S.A.	Presidente Riesco Street # 5537 Floor 18
		Las Condes, Santiago de Chile

People’s	HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited	33^rdFloor, HSBC Building, Shanghai IFC 8 Century Avenue
Republic of	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Pudong, Shanghai, China (200120)
China	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

	China Construction Bank Corporation	No.1 Naoshikou Street Chang An Xing Rong
		Plaza Beijing 100032-33, China

SCH A-1


China Connect	Citibank N.A.	39/F., Champion Tower 3 Garden Road
		Central, Hong Kong

	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	Level 30,
	Corporation Limited	HSBC Main Building 1 Queen's
		Road Central, Hong Kong

	Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)	15^thFloor Standard Chartered Tower 388 Kwun Tong Road
	Limited	Kwun Tong, Hong Kong

Colombia	Cititrust Colombia S.A. Sociedad Fiduciaria	Carrera 9A, No. 99-02 Bogotá DC,
		Colombia

Costa Rica	Banco BCT S.A.	160 Calle Central Edificio BCT
		San José, Costa Rica

Croatia	Privredna Banka Zagreb d.d.	Custody Department Radni ka cesta 50
		10000 Zagreb, Croatia

	Zagrebacka Banka d.d.	Savska 60
		10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Cyprus	BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A.,	2 Lampsakou Str.
	Greece (operating through its Athens	115 28 Athens, Greece
	branch)

Czech Republic	eskoslovenská obchodní banka, a.s.	Radlická 333/150
		150 57 Prague 5, Czech Republic

	UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and	BB Centrum – FILADELFIE }eletavská 1525/1
	Slovakia, a.s.	140 92 Praha 4 - Michle, Czech Republic

Denmark	Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden	Strandgade 3
	(operating through its branch, Nordea	0900 Copenhagen C, Denmark
	Danmark, Filial af Nordea Bank AB
	(publ), Sverige)

	Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB	Bernstorffsgade 50
	(publ), Sweden (operating through its	1577 Copenhagen, Denmark
	Copenhagen branch)

Egypt	HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E.	6^thFloor
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	306 Corniche El Nil Maadi
	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Cairo, Egypt

Estonia	AS SEB Pank	Tornimäe 2
		15010 Tallinn, Estonia

Finland	Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden	Satamaradankatu 5
	(operating through its branch, Nordea	00500 Helsinki, Finland
	Bank AB (publ), Finnish branch)

	Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ),	Securities Services Box 630
	Sweden (operating through its Helsinki	SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland
	branch)

France	Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands	De Entrees 99-197
	(operating through its Amsterdam	1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
	branch with support from its Paris
	branch)

Republic of	JSC Bank of Georgia	29a Gagarini Str. Tbilisi 0160,
Georgia		Georgia

Germany	State Street Bank International GmbH	Brienner Strasse 59
		80333 Munich, Germany

	Deutsche Bank AG	Alfred-Herrhausen-Allee 16-24
		D-65760 Eschborn, Germany

Ghana	Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited	P. O. Box 768
		1st Floor

SCH A-2


		High Street Building Accra, Ghana

Greece	BNP Paribas Securities Services, S.C.A.	2 Lampsakou Str.
		115 28 Athens, Greece

Guinea-Bissau	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Hong Kong	Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong)	15th Floor Standard Chartered Tower 388 Kwun Tong Road
	Limited	Kwun Tong, Hong Kong

Hungary	Citibank Europe plc Magyarországi	7 Szabadság tér, Bank Center Budapest, H-1051 Hungary
	Fióktelepe

	UniCredit Bank Hungary Zrt.	6th Floor Szabadság tér 5-6
		H-1054 Budapest, Hungary

Iceland	Landsbankinn hf.	Austurstræti 11
		155 Reykjavik, Iceland

India	Deutsche Bank AG	Block B1, 4th Floor, Nirlon Knowledge Park
		Off Western Express Highway Goregaon (E)
		Mumbai 400 063, India

	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	11F, Building 3, NESCO - IT Park, NESCO Complex,
	Corporation Limited	Western Express Highway Goregaon (East),
		Mumbai 400 063, India

Indonesia	Deutsche Bank AG	Deutsche Bank Building, 4^thfloor Jl. Imam Bonjol, No. 80
		Jakarta 10310, Indonesia

Ireland	State Street Bank and Trust Company,	525 Ferry Road
	United Kingdom branch	Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland

Israel	Bank Hapoalim B.M.	50 Rothschild Boulevard Tel Aviv, Israel
		61000

Italy	Deutsche Bank S.p.A.	Investor Services
		Via Turati 27 – 3rd Floor
		20121 Milan, Italy

Ivory Coast	Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire S.A.	23, Bld de la République
		17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Japan	Mizuho Bank, Limited	Shinagawa Intercity Tower A 2-15-1, Konan, Minato-ku
		Tokyo 108-6009, Japan

	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	HSBC Building
	Corporation Limited	11-1 Nihonbashi 3-chome, Chuo-ku Tokyo 1030027, Japan

Jordan	Standard Chartered Bank	Shmeissani Branch
		Al-Thaqafa Street, Building # 2
		P.O. Box 926190
		Amman 11110, Jordan

Kazakhstan	JSC Citibank Kazakhstan	Park Palace, Building A, 41 Kazibek Bi street,
		Almaty A25T0A1, Kazakhstan

Kenya	Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited	Custody Services
		Standard Chartered @ Chiromo, Level 5 48 Westlands Road
		P.O. Box 40984 – 00100 GPO
		Nairobi, Kenya

Republic of Korea	Deutsche Bank AG	18th Fl., Young-Poong Building 41 Cheonggyecheon-ro
		Jongro-ku-, Seoul 03188, Korea

	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	5F
	Corporation Limited	HSBC Building #37 Chilpae-ro
		Jung-gu, Seoul 04511, Korea

Kuwait	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	Kuwait City, Sharq Area Abdulaziz Al Sager Street Al Hamra
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Tower, 37F

SCH A-3


	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	P. O. Box 1683, Safat 13017, Kuwait

Latvia	AS SEB banka	Unicentrs, Valdlau i
		LV-1076 Kekavas pag., Rigas raj., Latvia

Lithuania	AB SEB bankas	Gedimino av. 12
		LT 2600 Vilnius, Lithuania

Malawi	Standard Bank Limited	Kaomba Centre
		Cnr. Victoria Avenue & Sir Glyn Jones Road
		Blantyre, Malawi

Malaysia	Deutsche Bank (Malaysia) Berhad	Domestic Custody Services Level 20, Menara IMC
		8 Jalan Sultan Ismail
		50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

	Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad	Menara Standard Chartered 30 Jalan Sultan Ismail
		50250 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mali	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Mauritius	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	6F HSBC Centre 18 CyberCity
	Corporation Limited	Ebene, Mauritius

Mexico	Banco Nacional de México, S.A.	3er piso, Torre Norte
		Act. Roberto Medellín No. 800 Col. Santa Fe
		Mexico, DF 01219

Morocco	Citibank Maghreb	Zénith Millénium Immeuble1 Sidi Maârouf –
		B.P. 40 Casablanca 20190, Morocco

Namibia	Standard Bank Namibia Limited	Standard Bank Center
		Cnr. Werner List St. and Post St. Mall 2nd Floor
		Windhoek, Namibia

Netherlands	Deutsche Bank AG	De Entrees 99-197
		1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands

New Zealand	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	HSBC House
	Corporation Limited	Level 7, 1 Queen St. Auckland 1010, New
		Zealand

Niger	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Nigeria	Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc.	Plot 1712 Idejo St Victoria Island,
		Lagos 101007, Nigeria

Norway	Nordea Bank AB (publ), Sweden	Essendropsgate 7
	(operating through its branch, Nordea	0368 Oslo, Norway
	Bank AB (publ), filial i Norge)

	Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ),	P.O. Box 1843 Vika Filipstad Brygge 1
	Sweden (operating through its Oslo branch)	N-0123 Oslo, Norway

Oman	HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G.	2^ndFloor Al Khuwair PO Box 1727 PC 111
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Seeb, Oman
	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Pakistan	Deutsche Bank AG	Unicentre – Unitowers
		I.I. Chundrigar Road
		P.O. Box 4925
		Karachi - 74000, Pakistan

Panama	Citibank, N.A.	Boulevard Punta Pacifica Torre de las Americas Apartado
		Panama City, Panama 0834-00555

Peru	Citibank del Perú, S.A.	Canaval y Moreyra 480 3^rdFloor, San
		Isidro Lima 27, Perú

Philippines	Deutsche Bank AG	Global Transaction Banking Tower One, Ayala

SCH A-4


		Triangle 1226 Makati City, Philippines

Poland	Bank Handlowy w Warszawie S.A.	ul. Senatorska 16
		00-293 Warsaw, Poland

	Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A.	31 Zwirki I Wigury Street
		02-091, Warsaw, Poland

Portugal	Deutsche Bank AG, Netherlands	De Entrees 99-197
	(operating through its Amsterdam	1101 HE Amsterdam, Netherlands
	branch with support from its Lisbon
	branch)

Puerto Rico	Citibank N.A.	235 Federico Costa Street, Suite 315 San Juan, Puerto Rico
		00918

Qatar	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	2 Fl Ali Bin Ali Tower Building no.: 150 Airport Road
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Doha, Qatar
	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)

Romania	Citibank Europe plc, Dublin – Romania	8, Iancu de Hunedoara Boulevard
	Branch	712042, Bucharest Sector 1, Romania

Russia	AO Citibank	8-10 Gasheka Street, Building 1
		125047 Moscow, Russia

Saudi Arabia	HSBC Saudi Arabia	HSBC Head Office 7267 Olaya - Al Murooj Riyadh 12283-
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	2255
	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Senegal	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Serbia	UniCredit Bank Serbia JSC	Rajiceva 27-29
		11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Singapore	Citibank N.A.	3 Changi Business Park Crescent
		#07-00, Singapore 486026

	United Overseas Bank Limited	156 Cecil Street
		FEB Building #08-03
		Singapore 069544

Slovak Republic	UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and	\ancová 1/A
	Slovakia, a.s.	813 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Slovenia	UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d.	Šmartinska 140
		SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

South Africa	FirstRand Bank Limited	Mezzanine Floor
		3 First Place Bank City
		Corner Simmonds & Jeppe Sts. Johannesburg 2001
		Republic of South Africa

	Standard Bank of South Africa Limited	3^rdFloor, 25 Pixley Ka Isaka Seme St. Johannesburg 2001
		Republic of South Africa

Spain	Deutsche Bank S.A.E.	Calle de Rosario Pino 14-16, Planta 1
		28020 Madrid, Spain

Sri Lanka	The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking	24, Sir Baron Jayatilake Mawatha Colombo 01, Sri Lanka
	Corporation Limited

Republic of	UniCredit Bank d.d.	Zelenih beretki 24
Srpska		71 000 Sarajevo
		Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Swaziland	Standard Bank Swaziland Limited	Standard House, Swazi Plaza Mbabane,
		Swaziland H101

Sweden	Nordea Bank AB (publ)	Smålandsgatan 17
		105 71 Stockholm, Sweden

SCH A-5


	Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ)	Sergels Torg 2
		SE-106 40 Stockholm, Sweden

Switzerland	Credit Suisse (Switzerland) Limited	Uetlibergstrasse 231
		8070 Zurich, Switzerland

	UBS Switzerland AG	Max-Högger-Strasse 80-82
		CH-8048 Zurich-Alstetten, Switzerland

Taiwan - R.O.C.	Deutsche Bank AG	296 Ren-Ai Road
		Taipei 106 Taiwan, Republic of China

	Standard Chartered Bank (Taiwan) Limited	168 Tun Hwa North Road
		Taipei 105, Taiwan, Republic of China

Tanzania	Standard Chartered Bank (Tanzania)	1 Floor, International House
	Limited	Corner Shaaban Robert St and Garden Ave
		PO Box 9011
		Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Thailand	Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public	Sathorn Nakorn Tower 14^thFloor, Zone B
	Company Limited	90 North Sathorn Road
		Silom, Bangkok 10500, Thailand

Togo	via Standard Chartered Bank Côte d’Ivoire	23, Bld de la République
	S.A., Abidjan, Ivory Coast	17 BP 1141 Abidjan 17 Côte d’Ivoire

Tunisia	Union Internationale de Banques	65 Avenue Bourguiba
		1000 Tunis, Tunisia

Turkey	Citibank, A.^.	Tekfen Tower
		Eski Buyukdere Caddesi 209 Kat 3
		Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey

	Deutsche Bank A.^.	Eski Buyukdere Caddesi Tekfen Tower No. 209 Kat: 17 4
		Levent 34394 Istanbul, Turkey

Uganda	Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited	5 Speke Road
		P.O. Box 7111
		Kampala, Uganda

Ukraine	PJSC Citibank	16-g Dilova St.
		Kyiv 03150, Ukraine

United Arab	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square
Emirates Dubai	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601
Financial	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Market

United Arab	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square
Emirates Dubai	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601
International	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Financial Center

United Arab	HSBC Bank Middle East Limited	HSBC Securities Services Emaar Square
Emirates Abu	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	Level 3, Building No. 5 P O Box 502601
Dhabi	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Dubai, United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom	State Street Bank and Trust Company,	525 Ferry Road
	United Kingdom branch	Edinburgh EH5 2AW, Scotland

Uruguay	Banco Itaú Uruguay S.A.	Zabala 1463
		11000 Montevideo, Uruguay

Venezuela	Citibank, N.A.	Centro Comercial El Recreo Torre Norte,
		Piso 19 Avenida Casanova Caracas,
		Venezuela 1050

Vietnam	HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Limited	Centre Point
	(as delegate of The Hongkong and	106 Nguyen Van Troi Street Phu Nhuan District
	Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited)	Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

SCH A-6


Zambia	Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc.	Standard Chartered House Cairo Road
		P.O. Box 32238
		10101, Lusaka, Zambia

Zimbabwe	Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited	3rd Floor Stanbic Centre
	(as delegate of Standard Bank of South	59 Samora Machel Avenue Harare,
	Africa Limited)	Zimbabwe

SCH A-7

SCHEDULE B – DEPOSITORIES OPERATING IN NETWORK MARKETS


MARKET	DEPOSITORY	TYPES OF SECURITIES
Albania	Bank of Albania	Government debt
Argentina	Caja de Valores S.A.	Equities, government and corporate bonds, and corporate money
		market instruments

Australia	Austraclear Limited	Government securities, corporate bonds, and corporate money
		market instruments

Austria	OeKB Central Securities	All securities listed on Wiener Börse AG, the Vienna Stock
	Depository GmbH	Exchange (as well as virtually all other Austrian securities)

Bahrain	Clearing, Settlement, Depository	Equities
	and Registry System of the
	Bahrain Bourse

Bangladesh	Bangladesh Bank	Government securities

	Central Depository Bangladesh	Equities and corporate bonds
	Limited

Belgium	Euroclear Belgium	Equities and most corporate bonds

	National Bank of Belgium	Government securities, corporate bonds, and money market
		instruments

Benin	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Bermuda	Bermuda Securities Depository	Equities, corporate bonds
Federation of	Registar vrijednosnih papira u	Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market
Bosnia and	Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine,	instruments
Herzegovina	d.d.

Botswana	Bank of Botswana	Government debt

	Central Securities Depository	Equities and corporate bonds
	Company of Botswana Ltd.

Brazil	Central de Custódia e de	Corporate debt and money market instruments
	Liquidação Financeira de Títulos
	Privados (CETIP)

	BM&F BOVESPA Depository	Equities and corporate bonds traded on-exchange
	Services, a department of BM&F
	BOVESPA S.A.

	Sistema Especial de Liquidação e	Government debt issued by the central bank and the National
	de Custódia (SELIC)	Treasury

Bulgaria	Bulgarian National Bank	Government securities

	Central Depository AD	Eligible equities and corporate bonds

Burkina Faso	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

SCH B-1


	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Canada	The Canadian Depository for	All book-entry eligible securities, including government securities,
	Securities Limited	equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, strip bonds,
		and asset- backed securities


Chile	Depósito Central de Valores S.A.	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, mortgage-backed
		securities, and money market instruments

People’s	China Securities Depository and	A shares, B shares, Treasury bonds, local government bonds,
Republic of	Clearing Corporation Limited,	enterprise bonds, corporate bonds, open and closed-end funds,
China	Shanghai and Shenzhen Branches	convertible bonds, and warrants

	China Central Depository and	Bonds traded through the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM),
	Clearing Co., Ltd.	including Treasury bonds, local government bonds, policy bank
		bonds, central bank bills, medium-term notes, commercial paper,
		enterprise bonds, and commercial bank bonds

	Shanghai Clearing House	Bonds traded through the China Interbank Bond Market (CIBM),
		including Treasury bonds, local government bonds, policy bank
		bonds, central bank bills, enterprise bonds, certain issues of
		medium-term notes, commercial paper, and commercial bank
bonds

Colombia	Depósito Central de Valores	Securities issued by the central bank and the Republic of Colombia


	Depósito Centralizado de Valores	Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments
	de Colombia S.A. (DECEVAL)

Costa Rica	Interclear Central de Valores S.A.	Securities traded on Bolsa Nacional de Valores
Croatia	Središnje klirinško depozitarno	Eligible equities, corporate bonds, government securities, and
	društvo d.d.	corporate money market instruments

Cyprus	Central Depository and Central	Equities, corporate bonds, dematerialized government securities,
	Registry	corporate money market instruments

Czech Republic	Centrální depozitáY cenných	All dematerialized equities, corporate debt, and government debt,
	papíro, a.s.	excluding Treasury bills

	Czech National Bank	Treasury bills

Denmark	VP Securities A/S	Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, corporate money
		market instruments, warrants

Egypt	Central Bank of Egypt	Treasury bills

	Misr for Central Clearing,	Eligible equities, corporate bonds, and Treasury bonds
	Depository and Registry S.A.E.

Estonia	AS Eesti Väärtpaberikeskus	All registered equity and debt securities
Finland	Euroclear Finland	Equities, corporate bonds, government securities, money market
		instruments

France	Euroclear France	Government securities, equities, bonds, and money market
		instruments

Republic of	Georgian Central Securities	Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
Georgia	Depository

	National Bank of Georgia	Government securities

Germany	Clearstream Banking AG,	Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money market
	Frankfurt	instruments, warrants, investment funds, and index certificates

SCH B-2


Ghana	Central Securities Depository	Government securities and Bank of Ghana securities; equities and
	(Ghana) Limited	corporate bonds

Greece	Bank of Greece, System for	Government debt
	Monitoring Transactions in
	Securities in Book-Entry Form

	Hellenic Central Securities	Eligible listed equities, government debt, and corporate bonds
	Depository

Guinea-Bissau	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Hong Kong	Central Moneymarkets Unit	Government debt (i.e., exchange fund bills and notes issued by the
		HKMA), other private debt, and money market instruments

	Hong Kong Securities Clearing	Securities listed or traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong
	Company Limited	Limited

Hungary	KELER Központi Értéktár Zrt.	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and investment
fund notes

Iceland	Nasdaq verðbréfamiðstöð hf.	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money
		market instruments

India	Central Depository Services	Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments
	(India) Limited

	National Securities Depository	Eligible equities, debt securities, and money market instruments
	Limited

	Reserve Bank of India	Government securities

Indonesia	Bank Indonesia	Sertifikat Bank Indonesia (central bank certificates), Surat Utang
		Negara (government debt instruments), and Surat Perbendaharaan
		Negara (Treasury bills)

	PT Kustodian Sentral Efek	Equities, corporate bonds, and money market instruments
	Indonesia

Ireland	Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited	GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments

	Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V.	Government securities

Israel	Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds and trust fund
	House Ltd. (TASE Clearing	units
	House)

Italy	Monte Titoli S.p.A.	Equities, corporate debt, government debt, money market
		instruments, and warrants

Ivory Coast	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Japan	Bank of Japan – Financial	Government securities
	Network System

	Japan Securities Depository	Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
	Center (JASDEC) Incorporated

SCH B-3


Jordan	Central Bank of Jordan	Treasury bills, government bonds, development bonds, and public
		entity bonds

	Securities Depository Center	Equities and corporate bonds

Kazakhstan	Central Securities Depository	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money
		market instruments

Kenya	Central Bank of Kenya	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds

	Central Depository and Settlement	Equities and corporate debt
	Corporation Limited

Republic of	Korea Securities Depository	Equities, government securities, corporate bonds and money market
Korea		instruments

Kuwait	Kuwait Clearing Company KSC	Money market instruments, equities, and corporate bonds

Latvia	Latvian Central Depository	Equities, government securities, corporate bonds, and money
		market instruments

Lebanon	Banque du Liban	Government securities and certificates of deposit issued by the
		central bank

	Custodian and Clearing Center of	Equities, corporate bonds and money market instruments
	Financial Instruments for Lebanon
	and the Middle East (Midclear)
	S.A.L.

Lithuania	Central Securities Depository of	All securities available for public trading
	Lithuania

Malawi	Reserve Bank of Malawi	Reserve Bank of Malawi bills and Treasury bills
Malaysia	Bank Negara Malaysia	Treasury bills, Bank Negara Malaysia bills, Malaysian government
		securities, private debt securities, and money market instruments

	Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn.	Securities listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad
	Bhd.

Mali	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Mauritius	Bank of Mauritius	Government debt (traded through primary dealers)

	Central Depository and Settlement	Listed and unlisted equity and debt securities (corporate debt and
	Co. Limited	T-bills traded on the exchange)

Mexico	S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V.	All securities
Morocco	Maroclear	Eligible listed equities, corporate and government debt, certificates
		of deposit, commercial paper

Namibia	Bank of Namibia	Treasury bills
Netherlands	Euroclear Nederland	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, corporate money
		market instruments, and stripped government bonds

New Zealand	New Zealand Central Securities	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, and money
	Depository Limited	market instruments

Niger	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

SCH B-4


	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

Nigeria	Central Bank of Nigeria	Treasury bills and government bonds

	Central Securities Clearing	Equities and corporate bonds traded on the Nigeria Stock Exchange
	System Limited

Norway	Verdipapirsentralen	All listed securities
Oman	Muscat Clearing & Depository	Equities, corporate bonds, government debt
	Company S.A.O.G.

Pakistan	Central Depository Company of	Equities and corporate bonds
	Pakistan Limited

	State Bank of Pakistan	Government securities

Panama	Central Latinoamericana de	Equities, government and corporate debt, commercial paper, short-
	Valores,	term securities

	S.A. (LatinClear)

Peru	CAVALI S.A. Institución de	All securities in book-entry form traded on the stock exchange
	Compensación y Liquidación de
	Valores

Philippines	Philippine Depository & Trust	Eligible equities and debt
	Corporation

	Registry of Scripless Securities	Government securities
	(ROSS) of the Bureau of the
	Treasury

Poland	Rejestr Papierów Warto[ciowych	Treasury bills

	Krajowy Depozyt Papierów	Equities, corporate bonds, corporate money market instruments,
	Warto[ciowych, S.A.	Treasury bonds, warrants, and futures contracts

Portugal	INTERBOLSA - Sociedad	All local Portuguese instruments
	Gestora de Sistemas de
	Liquidação e de Sistemas
	Centralizados de Valores
	Mobiliários, S.A.

Qatar	Qatar Central Securities	Equities, government bonds and Treasury bills listed on the Qatar
	Depository	Exchange

Romania	National Bank of Romania	Treasury bills and bonds

	S.C. Depozitarul Central S.A.	Bursa de Valori Bucuresti- (Bucharest Stock Exchange-) listed
		equities, corporate bonds, government bonds, and municipal bonds

Russia	National Settlement Depository	Eligible equities, Obligatsii Federal’nogo Zaima (OFZs), and
		corporate debt denominated in RUB

Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabian Monetary	Government securities and Saudi government development bonds
	Authority	(SGDBs)

	Securities Depository Center	Equities
	Company

Senegal	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.

SCH B-5


Serbia	Central Securities Depository and	All instruments
	Clearinghouse
Singapore	Monetary Authority of Singapore	Government securities
	The Central Depository (Pte.)	Eligible listed equities and eligible private debt traded in Singapore
	Limited
Slovak Republic	Centrálny depozitár cenných	All dematerialized securities
	papierov SR, a.s.
Slovenia	KDD – Centralna klirinško	All publicly traded securities
	depotna dru~ba d.d.
South Africa	Strate (Pty) Ltd.	Eligible equities, government securities, corporate bonds, money
		market instruments, and warrants
Spain	IBERCLEAR	Government securities, equities, warrants, money market
		instruments, and corporate bonds
Sri Lanka	Central Bank of Sri Lanka	Government securities
	Central Depository System (Pvt)	Equities and corporate bonds
	Limited
Republic of	Central Registry of Securities in	Government securities, equities, and corporate and municipal bonds
Srpska	the Republic of Srpska JSC
Swaziland	Central Bank of Swaziland	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
Sweden	Euroclear Sweden	Government securities, equities, bonds, money market instruments,
		derivatives, exchange traded funds, and warrants

Switzerland	SIX SIS AG	Government securities, equities, corporate bonds, money market
		instruments, derivatives, mutual funds, and warrants

Taiwan - R.O.C.	Central Bank of the Republic of	Government securities
	China (Taiwan)

	Taiwan Depository and Clearing	Listed equities, short-term bills, and corporate bonds
	Corporation
Tanzania	Central Depository System (CDS),	Equities and corporate bonds
	a department of the Dar es Salaam
	Stock Exchange
Thailand	Thailand Securities Depository	Government securities, equities and corporate bonds
	Company Limited
Togo	Dépositaire Central – Banque de	All securities traded on Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières,
	Règlement	the West African regional exchange, including securities from the
		following West African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-
		Bissau, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
	Banque Centrale des Etats	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds issued by the following West
	d’Afrique de l’Ouest	African nations: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, the Ivory
		Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo.
Tunisia	Tunisie Clearing	All eligible listed securities
Turkey	Central Bank of Turkey	Government securities
	Central Registry Agency	Equities, corporate bonds, money market instruments, mutual fund
		certificates, exchange traded funds
Uganda	Bank of Uganda	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
	Securities Central Depository	Equities, corporate bonds
Ukraine	National Depository of Ukraine	Equities, bonds, and money market instruments

SCH B-6


United Arab	Clearing, Settlement, Depository	Equities, government securities, and corporate debt
Emirates – Abu	and Registry department of the
Dhabi	Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange
United Arab	Clearing, Settlement and	Equities, government securities, and corporate debt listed on the
Emirates –	Depository Division, a department	DFM
Dubai Financial	of the Dubai Financial Market
Market
United Arab	Central Securities Depository,	Equities, corporate bonds, and corporate money market instruments
Emirates –	owned and operated by NASDAQ
Dubai	Dubai Limited
International
Financial
United Kingdom	Euroclear UK & Ireland Limited	GBP- and EUR-denominated money market instruments
Uruguay	Banco Central del Uruguay	Government securities
Venezuela	Banco Central de Venezuela	Government securities
Vietnam	Vietnam Securities Depository	Equities, government bonds, T-bills, corporate bonds, and public
		fund certificates
Zambia	Bank of Zambia	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds
	LuSE Central Shares Depository	Treasury bonds, corporate bonds, and equities
	Limited
Zimbabwe	Chengetedzai Depository	Equities and corporate bonds
	Company Limited
	Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe	Treasury bills and Treasury bonds

TRANSNATIONAL DEPOSITORIES
Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V.		Domestic securities from more than 40 markets
Clearstream Banking, S.A.		Domestic securities from more than 50 markets

SCH B-7

SCHEDULE C – GLOBAL CUSTODY NETWORK PUBLICATIONS


Publication / Type of Information		Brief Description
(scheduled update frequency)

The Guide to Custody in World Markets	An overview of settlement and safekeeping procedures, custody practices, and
(regular my.statestreet.com updates)	foreign investor considerations for the markets in which State Street offers
	custodial services.

Global Custody Network Review	Information relating to Foreign Subcustodians in State Street’s Global
(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)	Custody Network. The Review stands as an integral part of the materials that
	State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to assist them in
	complying with SEC Rule 17f-5. The Review also gives insight into State
	Street’s market expansion and Foreign Subcustodian selection processes, as
	well as the procedures and controls used to monitor the financial condition
	and performance of our Foreign Subcustodian banks.

Securities Depository Review	Custody risk analyses of the Foreign Securities Depositories presently
(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)	operating in Network markets. This publication is an integral part of the
	materials that State Street provides to its U.S. mutual fund clients to meet
	informational obligations created by SEC Rule 17f-7.

Global Legal Survey	With respect to each market in which State Street offers custodial services,
(updated annually on my.statestreet.com)	opinions relating to whether local law restricts:

	(i)	access of a fund’s independent public accountants to books and records of
		a Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,
	(ii)	a fund’s ability to recover in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of a
		Foreign Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System,
	(iii)	a fund’s ability to recover in the event of a loss by a Foreign
		Subcustodian or Foreign Securities System, and
	(iv)	the ability of a foreign investor to convert cash and cash equivalents to
		U.S. dollars.
Subcustodian Agreements	Copies of the contracts that State Street has entered into with each Foreign
(available on CD-ROM annually)	Subcustodian that maintains U.S. mutual fund assets in the markets in which
	State Street offers custodial services.

Global Market Bulletin	Information on changing settlement and custody conditions in markets where
(daily or as necessary via email and on	State Street offers custodial services. Includes changes in market and tax
my.statestreet.com)	regulations, depository developments, dematerialization information, as well
	as other market changes that may impact State Street’s clients.

Foreign Custody Risk	For those markets where State Street offers custodial services that exhibit
Advisories	special risks or infrastructures impacting custody, State Street maintains
(provided as necessary and on	market advisories to highlight those unique market factors which might
my.statestreet.com)	impact our ability to offer recognized custody service levels.

Foreign Custody Manager Material	Informational letters and accompanying materials, pursuant to our role as
Change Notices	Foreign Custody Manager, confirming State Street’s foreign custody
(quarterly or as necessary and on	arrangements, including a summary of material changes with Foreign
my.statestreet.com)	Subcustodians that have occurred during the previous quarter. The notices also
	identify any material changes in the custodial risks associated with
	maintaining assets with Foreign Securities Depositories.

Please contact [email protected] with questions about this document.

The information contained in this document has been carefully researched and is believed to be reliable as of the publication date. Due to the complexities of the markets and changing conditions, however, State Street cannot guarantee that it is complete or accurate in every respect. This document should not be construed or used as a substitute for appropriate legal or investment counsel. Specific advice should be sought on matters relevant to the investment activities of the reader. This application contains proprietary information and is fully protected by relevant copyright laws worldwide.

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SCH C-1

SCHEDULE D – SPECIAL SUB-CUSTODIANS

SPECIAL SUB-CUSTODIANS

*[None/Name of Special Sub-Custodian(s)]

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LOAN SERVICES ADDENDUM

As used in this Addendum, the term “Fund”, in relation to a Loan (as defined below), includes a Portfolio on whose behalf the Fund acts with respect to the Loan.

The following provisions will apply with respect to interests in commercial loans, including loan participations, whether the loans are bilateral or syndicated and whether any obligor is located in or outside of the United States (collectively, “Loans”), made or acquired by a Fund on behalf of one or more of its Portfolios.

SECTION 1. PAYMENT CUSTODY. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to receive payments directly with respect to a Loan for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement,

(a) the Fund will cause the Custodian to be named as the Fund’s nominee for payment purposes under the relevant financing documents, e.g., in the case of a syndicated loan, the administrative contact for the agent bank, and otherwise provide for the payment to the Custodian of the payments with respect to the Loan; and

(b) the Custodian will credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement any payment on or in respect of the Loan actually received by the Custodian and identified as relating to the Loan, but with any amount credited being conditional upon clearance and actual receipt by the Custodian of final payment.

SECTION 2. MONITORING. If a Fund wishes the Custodian to monitor payments on and forward notices relating to a Loan,

(a) the Fund will deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Custodian a schedule identifying the amount and due dates of the scheduled principal payments, the scheduled interest payment dates and related payment amount information, and such other information with respect to the Loan as the Custodian may reasonably require in order to perform its services hereunder (collectively, “Loan Information”) and in such form and format as the Custodian may reasonably request; and

(b) the Custodian will (i) if the amount of a principal, interest, fee or other payment with respect to the Loan is not received by the Custodian on the date on which the amount is scheduled to be paid as reflected in the Loan Information, provide a report to the Fund that the payment has not been received and (ii) if the Custodian receives any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan, undertake reasonable efforts to forward the notice to the Fund.

SECTION 3. EXCULPATION OF THE CUSTODIAN.

(a) Payment Custody and Monitoring. The Custodian will have no liability for any delay or failure by the Fund or any third party in providing Loan Information to the Custodian or for any inaccuracy or incompleteness of any Loan Information. The Custodian will have no obligation to verify, investigate, recalculate, update or otherwise confirm the accuracy or completeness of any Loan Information or other information or notices received by the Custodian in respect of the Loan. The Custodian will be entitled to (i) rely upon the Loan Information provided to it by or on behalf of the Fund or any other information or notices that the Custodian may receive from time to time from any syndication agent, lead or obligor or any similar party with respect to the Loan and (ii) update its records on the basis of such information or notices as may from time to time be received by the Custodian.

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(b) Any Service. The Custodian will have no obligation to (i) determine whether any necessary steps have been taken or requirements have been met for the Fund to have acquired good or record title to a Loan, (ii) ensure that the Fund’s acquisition of the Loan has been authorized by the Fund, (iii) collect past due payments on the Loan, preserve any rights against prior parties, exercise any right or perform any obligation in connection with the Loan (including taking any action in connection with any consent solicitation, notice of default or similar notice received from any syndication agent, lead or obligor on the Loan) or otherwise take any other action to enforce the payment obligations of any obligor on the Loan, (iv) become itself the record title holder of the Loan or (v) make any advance of its own funds with respect to the Loan.

(c) Miscellaneous. The Custodian will not be considered to have been or be charged with knowledge of the sale of a Loan by the Fund, unless and except to the extent that the Custodian shall have received written notice of the sale from the Fund and the proceeds of the sale have been received by the Custodian for credit to the bank account maintained by the Custodian for the Fund under the Custodian Agreement. If any question arises as to the Custodian’s duties under this Addendum, the Custodian may request instructions from the Fund and will be entitled at all times to refrain from taking any action unless it has received Proper Instructions from the Fund. The Custodian will in all events have no liability, risk or cost for any action taken or omitted with respect to the Loan pursuant to Proper Instructions. The Custodian will have no responsibilities or duties whatsoever with respect to the Loan except as are expressly set forth in this Addendum.

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Execution Version

FIRST AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

MASTER CUSTODIAN AGREEMENT

This first amendment dated January 18, 2018 (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement dated September 15, 2017 (the “Agreement”) between State Street Bank and Trust Company, a Massachusetts trust company (the “Custodian”), and each management investment company listed on Appendix A thereto (each, a “Fund”). Custodian and each Fund may be referred to individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”.

For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

The Parties hereby amend and restate Appendix A to the Agreement as set forth below:

APPENDIX A

VANGUARD CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE FUNDS

Vanguard California Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard California Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard California Municipal Money Market Fund

VANGUARD CHARLOTTE FUNDS

Vanguard Total International Bond Index Fund

VANGUARD CMT FUNDS

Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund

VANGUARD CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES FUND

Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund

VANGUARD FENWAY FUNDS

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

VANGUARD FIXED INCOME SECURITIES

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Investment-Grade Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund

Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund

Vanguard Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund

VANGUARD EXPLORER FUND

Vanguard Explorer Fund

VANGUARD HORIZON FUNDS

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Information Classification: Limited Access

Execution Version

VANGUARD INSTITUTIONAL INDEX FUNDS

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

VANGUARD MALVERN FUNDS

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Bond Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund

VANGUARD MASSACHUSETTS TAX-EXEMPT FUNDS

Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund

VANGUARD MONTGOMERY FUNDS

Vanguard Market Neutral Fund

VANGUARD MORGAN GROWTH FUND

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

VANGUARD MUNICIPAL BOND FUNDS

Vanguard High-Yield Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Limited-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Municipal Money Market Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund

VANGUARD NEW JERSEY TAX-FREE FUNDS

Vanguard New Jersey Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard New Jersey Municipal Money Market Fund

VANGUARD NEW YORK TAX-FREE FUNDS

Vanguard New York Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard New York Municipal Money Market Fund

VANGUARD OHIO TAX-FREE FUNDS

Vanguard Ohio Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

VANGUARD PENNSYLVANIA TAX-FREE FUNDS

Vanguard Pennsylvania Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund

Vanguard Pennsylvania Municipal Money Market Fund

VANGUARD QUANTITATIVE FUNDS

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Information Classification: Limited Access

Execution Version

VANGUARD SCOTTSDALE FUND

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

VANGUARD SPECIALIZED FUNDS

Dividend Appreciation Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Health Care Fund

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

Vanguard STAR Fund

VANGUARD TAX-MANAGED FUNDS

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

VANGUARD TRUSTEES’ EQUITY FUND

Vanguard Alternative Strategies Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

VANGUARD VARIABLE INSURANCE FUNDS

Balanced Portfolio

Capital Growth Portfolio

Diversified Value Portfolio

Equity Income Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Growth Portfolio

High Yield Bond Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

International Portfolio

Small Company Growth Portfolio

VANGUARD WELLESLEY INCOME FUND

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

VANGUARD WHITEHALL FUNDS

Vanguard Emerging Markets Government Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

VANGUARD WINDSOR FUNDS

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

VANGUARD WORLD FUND

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Information Classification: Limited Access

FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED FUNDS’ SERVICE AGREEMENT

This Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, made as of the 8^thday of June, 2009 (the “Agreement”), between and among the investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), whose names are set forth on the signature page of this Agreement, which together with any additional investment companies which may become a party to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 and 5.5 are collectively called the “Funds”; and The Vanguard Group, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“Service Company”).

Whereas, each of the Funds has heretofore determined (as evidenced by, among many documents, prior versions^*of this Agreement (the “Prior Agreements”), and by prospectuses and proxy statements of the Funds related thereto): (i) to manage and perform the corporate management, administrative and share distribution functions required for its continued operation, (ii) to create a structure which enhances the independence of the Funds from the providers of external services, (iii) to share, on an equitable and fair basis, with all of the other Funds the expenses of establishing the means to accomplish these objectives at the lowest reasonable cost; and Whereas, each of the Funds: (i) has heretofore determined that these objectives can best be accomplished by establishing a company: (a) to be wholly-owned by the Funds; (b) to provide corporate management, administrative, and distribution services, and upon the reasonable request of any Fund to provide other service to such Fund at cost; (c) to employ the executive, managerial, administrative, secretarial and clerical personnel necessary or appropriate to perform such services; and (d) to acquire such assets and to obtain such facilities and equipment as are necessary or appropriate to carry out such services, and to make those assets available to the Funds; and (ii) since May 1, 1975 (or the commencement of its operations after this date) has utilized Service Company, pursuant to the provisions of the Prior Agreements; and Whereas, each of the Funds has further heretofore recognized that it may, from time to time, be in the best interests of the Funds (i) for Service Company to provide similar services to investment companies other than the Funds, (ii) for the Funds to organize, from time to time, new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement; and, (iii) for Service Company to engage in business activities (directly or through subsidiaries), supportive of the Funds’ operations as investment companies; and Whereas, each of the Funds desires to enter into a completely integrated Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement with the other Funds to (i) set forth the current terms and provisions of the relationships which the Funds have determined to establish; and (ii) make non-substantive amendments to the Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, including correcting the names of the Funds set forth on the signature page of this Agreement.

Now, Therefore, each Fund agrees with each and all of the other Funds, and with Service Company, as follows:

^*Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 1, 1975; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated October 1, 1977; an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated May 10, 1993, an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated January 1, 1996, and an Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement dated June 15, 2001 as therefore amended.

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I. CAPITALIZATION AND ASSETS OF SERVICE COMPANY

1.1 Capital and Assets. To provide the Service Company with the cash and with the office space, facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees: A. To make cash investments in the Service Company as provided in Sections 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

B. To assign and transfer to Service Company on and after May 1, 1975 any and all right, title and interest which the Funds may have in any office facilities and equipment necessary for it to discharge its responsibilities and in any other assets which Service Company may develop or acquire, subject only to the rights reserved in Section 1.6 (concerning certain major assets). Section 5.2 (concerning rights upon withdrawal) and Section 5.3 (concerning rights upon termination) of the Agreement.

1.2 Cash Investments in Service Company. To provide Service Company with such cash as may be necessary or appropriate from time to time to accomplish the purposes of the Funds and to discharge its responsibilities hereunder, each Fund agrees to purchase, for cash, shares of common stock of Service Company (“Shares”) or such other securities of Service Company (hereafter referred to as “other securities”) upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares adopting a resolution setting forth the terms and provisions of the purchase. Provided, however, that: A. Without the consent of all of the Funds, the date for the purchase of Shares or other securities shall not be less than 15 days following the date on which the resolution is approved by the shareholders.

B. The cash purchase price to be paid by any Fund for the Shares or other securities, expressed as a percentage of the total purchase price for the additional securities to be paid by all of the Funds shall not exceed the percentage which the then current net assets of the Fund bears to the aggregate current net assets of all of the Funds as of the most recent month-end preceding the purchase date.

1.3 Periodic Adjustments of Cash Investments. To maintain and re-establish periodically a fair and proportionate ratio of cash investments by each Fund in the Service Company as compared to its then current net assets, each Fund agrees to purchase from one or more of the other Funds, or to sell one or more of the Funds, sufficient Shares or other securities to reestablish the ratio.

A. Such purchases and sales shall be made (1) as of the last business day of any month upon the addition or withdrawal of any Fund as a party to this Agreement, provided that if the addition or withdrawal of a Fund creates no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors), and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made, the adjustment may be deferred until the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year; (2) in connection with additional investments pursuant to Section 1.2; and (3) annually as of the close of the Service Company’s fiscal year, on a date fixed by Service Company’s Board of Directors within 90 days after the close of the fiscal year unless there is no material disparity in the ratios (as determined by the Service Company’s Board of Directors) and no Fund requests that an adjustment be made.

B. The cash purchases and sale price of the Share or other securities shall be for each Fund (1) in the case of Shares, the fair market value of Shares determined in accord

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with generally accepted accounting principles and procedures established by the Board of Directors of Service Company; and (2) in the case of debt securities, the face value thereof.

C. Unless specifically required by applicable law, the issuance and transfer of Shares or other securities of Service Company, and the cash investments of the Funds in Service Company, may be evidenced by proper records of Service Company; and no certificates need be issued.

1.4 Limitation Upon Funds’ Obligations to Make Cash Investments or Purchases. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 above, no Fund shall be obligated to purchase Shares or other securities of Service Company if, as a result of such purchase the Fund would thereby have invested in cash a total of more than 0.40% of its then current net assets in Shares or other securities of Service Company.

1.5 Restrictions on Transfer of Shares or Other Securities. Each Fund agrees that it will not, without the written consent of all other parties to this Agreement, transfer or dispose of or encumber any of its Shares or other securities of Service Company except as provided in this Agreement, and that, if issued, each certificate for Shares or other securities of Service Company will be stamped with a legend referring to this restriction.

1.6 Assets of Service Company. The Funds agree that Service Company may acquire, by purchase or lease, office space, furniture, equipment, supplies, files, records, computer hardware and software, and other assets necessary or appropriate for the discharge of the Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder. Each of the Funds hereby assigns and transfers to Service Company, any and all right, title and interest that it may have or hereafter acquire in any such assets, subject to the rights of each Fund (A) to receive the then fair value of such assets upon the purchase or sale of Shares pursuant to this Agreement, (B) to the continued use of such assets in the administration of the business affairs of a Fund so long as the Fund remains a party to this Agreement.

1.7 Borrowing by Service Company. The Funds agree that Service Company may borrow money, and may issue a note or other security in connection with such borrowing, as long as such borrowing, is in connection with the discharge of Service Company’s responsibilities hereunder and is undertaken in accord with procedures approved by the Service Company’s Board of Directors.

II. SERVICES TO BE OBTAINED INDEPENDENTLY BY EACH FUND

2.1 Services and Expenses. Each Fund shall, at its own expense, obtain from Service Company or an outside vendor (as that Fund’s Board of Trustees shall determine):

A. Services of an independent public accountant. B. Services of outside legal counsel.

C. Transfer agency services, including “shareholder services.” D. Custodian, registrar and dividend disbursing services.

E. Brokerage fees, commissions and transfer taxes in connection with the

purchase and sale of securities for its investment portfolio.

F. Investment advisory services.

G. Taxes and other fees applicable to its operations.

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H. Costs incident to its annual or special meetings of shareholders, including but not limited to legal and accounting fees, and the preparations, printing and mailing of proxy materials.

I. Trustees’ fees.

J. Costs incurred in the continued maintenance of its corporate existence, including reports to shareholders and government agencies, and the expenses, if any, attributable to the registration of the Fund’s shares with Federal and state regulatory authorities.

K. And, in general and except as provided in Section 3.2(B), any other costs directly attributable to and identified with a particular Fund or Funds rather than all Funds which are parties to this Agreement.

2.2 Disbursement of Payment for These Services. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.1 above, Service Company may, as agent for any Fund, disburse to third parties payments for any of the foregoing services or expenses. Each Fund shall reimburse Service Company promptly for such disbursements made on behalf of the Fund.

III. SERVICES PROVIDED BY AND EXPENSES OF SERVICE COMPANY

3.1 Services to be Provided to Funds. Service Company shall with respect to each Fund, subject to the direction and control of the Board of Trustees and officers of the Fund: A. Manage, administer and/or conduct the general business activities of the Fund.

B. Provide the personnel and obtain the office space, facilities and equipment necessary to perform such general business activities under the direction of the Funds’ executive officers (who may also be officers of Service Company) who will have the full responsibility for the general management of these functions.

C. Establish wholly-owned subsidiaries, and supervise the management and operations of such subsidiaries, as are necessary or appropriate to carry on or support the business activities of the Fund; and authorize such subsidiaries to perform such other functions for the Fund, including organizing new investment companies which are intended to become parties to this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4 or Section 5.5, as Service Company’s Board of Directors shall determine.

No provisions hereof shall prohibit the Service Company from performing such additional services to the Fund as the Fund’s Board of Trustees may appropriately request and which two-thirds of the shareholders of the Service Company shall approve.

3.2 Expenses of Operation of Service Company. Each of the Funds agrees to pay to the Service Company, within 10 days after the last business day of each month or at such other time as agreed to by the Fund and the Service Company, the Fund’s portion of the actual costs of operation of Service Company for each monthly period, or for such other period as is agreed upon, during which the Fund is a party to this Agreement.

A. Corporate Management and Administrative Expenses. A Fund’s portion of the cost of operation of Service Company shall mean its share of the direct and indirect expenses of Service Company’s providing corporate management and administrative services, including distribution services of an administrative nature, as allocated among the Funds with Allocation of indirect costs based on one or more of the following methods of allocation:

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(1) Net Assets: The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the value of each Fund’s net assets, computed as a percentage of the value of total net assets of all Funds receiving services from Service Company, determined at the end of the last preceding monthly period.

(2) Personnel Time: The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon a summary by each Fund of the time spent by each employee who works directly on the affairs of one or more of the Funds, computed as a percentage of the total time spent by such employee on the affairs of all of the Funds.

(3) Shareholder Accounts: The proportionate allocation of expenses based upon the number of each Fund’s shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts, measured over a period of time, relative to the total number of shareholder accounts and transaction activity in those accounts for all Funds receiving number of portfolio transactions for all Funds receiving services from the Service Company during such period.

(4) Such other methods of allocation as may be approved by the Board of Directors of the Service Company based upon its determination that the allocation method is fair to each Fund in view of (i) the nature, amount and purpose of the expenditure, (ii) the benefits, if any, to be derived directly by each Fund relative to the benefits derived by other Funds, (iii) the need or desirability for the Funds as a group to provide competitive investment programs and services at competitive prices for the group to survive and grow, (iv) the benefits which each Fund derives by being a member of a strong Fund group, and (v) such other factors as the Board considers relevant to the specific expenditure and allocation.

B. Distribution Expenses. Each of the Funds expressly agrees to pay to Service Company, as requested, the Fund’s portion of the actual cost of distributing shares of the Funds, which shall mean its share of all of the direct and indirect expenses of a marketing and promotional nature including, but not limited to, advertising, sales literature, and sales personnel, as well as expenditures on behalf of any newly organized registered investment company which is to become a party of this Agreement pursuant to Section 5.4. The cost of distributing shares of the Funds shall not include distribution-related expenses of an administrative nature, which shall be allocated among the Funds pursuant to Section 3.2(A). Distribution expenses of a marketing and promotional nature shall be allocated among the Funds in the manner approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Investment Company Act Release No. 11645 (Feb. 25, 1981): (1) 50% of these expenses will be allocated based upon each Fund’s average month-end assets during the preceding quarter relative to the average month-end assets during the preceding quarter of the Funds as a group.

(2) 50% of these expenses will be allocated initially among the Funds based upon each Fund’s sales for the 24 months ended with the last day of the preceding quarter relative to the sales of the Funds as a group for the same period. (Shares issued pursuant to a reorganization shall be excluded from the sales of a Fund and the Funds as a group.) (3) Provided, however, that no Fund’s aggregate quarterly contribution for distribution expenses, expressed as a percentage of its assets, shall exceed 125% of the average expenses for the Funds as a Group, expressed as a percentage of the

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total assets of the Funds. Expenses not charged to a particular Fund(s) because of this 125% limitation shall be reallocated to other Funds on iterative basis; and that no Fund’s annual expenses for distribution shall exceed 0.2% of its average month-end net assets.

IV. CONCERNING THE SERVICE COMPANY

4.1 Name. Each Fund acknowledge and agrees:

A. That the name “The Vanguard Group, Inc.”, and any variants thereof used to identify (1) the Funds as a group, (2) any Fund as a member of a group being served by Service Company, or (3) any other person as being served or related to Service Company (whether now in existence or hereafter created), shall be the sole and exclusive property of Service Company, its affiliates, and its successors.

B. That Service Company shall have the sole and exclusive right to permit the use of said name or variants thereof so long as this Agreement or any amendments thereto are effective.

C. That upon its withdrawal from this Agreement and upon the written request of Service Company, the Fund shall cease to use, or in any way to refer to itself as related to, “The Vanguard Group, Inc.” or any variant thereof.

The foregoing agreements on the part of each Fund are hereby made binding upon it, its trustees, officers, shareholders and creditors and all other persons claiming under or through it.

4.2 Services to Others. The Service Company may render services to any person other than the Funds so long as:

A. The services to be rendered to the Funds hereunder are not impaired thereby.

B. The terms and provisions upon which the services are to be rendered have

been approved by the holders of a majority of the Shares.

C. The services rendered for compensation and, to the extent achievable, for the purpose of gaining a profit thereon.

D. Any income earned and fees received by Service Company shall be used to reduce the total costs and expenses of Service Company.

4.3 Books, Records, and Audits of Service Company. The Service Company, and any subsidiary established pursuant to Section 3.1(C), shall maintain complete, accurate, and current books, records, and financial statements concerning its activities. To the extent appropriate, it will preserve said records in the manner and for the periods prescribed by law. Financial records and statements shall be kept in accord with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be audited at least annually by independent public accountants (who may also be accountants for any of the Funds). Within 120 days after the close of Service Company’s fiscal year, it shall deliver to each Fund a copy of its audited financial statements for that year and the accountants report thereon. Service Company, on behalf of itself and any subsidiary, acknowledges that all of the records they shall prepare and maintain pursuant to this Agreement shall be the property of the Funds and that upon a request of any Fund they shall make the Fund’s records available to it, along with such other information and data as are reasonably requested by the Fund, for inspection, audit or copying, or turn said records over to the Fund.

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4.4 Indemnification.

A. Each Fund (herein the “Indemnitor”) agrees to indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse (herein “indemnify”) every other Fund, Service Company and/or any

subsidiary of Service Company (herein the “Indemnitee”):

(1) which Indemnitee (a) was or is a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (herein a “suit”), or (b) incurs an actual economic loss or expense (herein a “loss”).

(2) if: (a) such suit or loss arises from an action or failure to act, event, occurrence, transaction, or other analogous happening (herein an “event”) under circumstances in which the Indemnitee is involved in a suit or incurs a loss.

(i) as a result substantially of, or attributable primarily to, its being a party to this Agreement, or to its indirect participation in transactions contemplated by this Agreement; and (ii) where the suit or loss arises primarily and substantially from an event related primarily and substantially to the business and/or operations of the Indemnitor; and (b) an independent third party, who may but need not be legal counsel for the Funds, advises the Funds in writing (i) that the condition set forth in “(1)” and “(2)(a)” have occurred and (ii) that the Indemnitee is without significant fault or responsibility for the suit or loss as measured by the comparative conduct of the Indemnitor and Indemnitee and by the purposes sought to be accomplished by this Agreement.

B. The financial obligations of the Indemnitor under this Section shall be limited to: (1) In the case of a suit, to expenses (including attorneys’ fees), actually incurred by the Indemnitee. The termination of any suit by judgment, order, settlement, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified hereunder.

(2) In the case of an event, to losses and/or expenses (including attorney’s fees) actually incurred by the Indemnitee.

The Indemnitee shall not be liable financially hereunder for lost profits in the case of either a suit or loss.

C. Expenses incurred in defending a suit or resolving an event may be paid by the prospective Indemnitor in advance of the final disposition of such suit or event if authorized by the Board of Trustees of the prospective Indemnitor in the specific case upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the prospective indemnitee to repay such amount unless it shall ultimately be determined that the Indemnitee is entitled to be indemnified by the Indemnitor as provided in this Section.

D. The indemnification provided by this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may be entitled under any agreement or otherwise.

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V. TERM OF AGREEMENT

5.1 Effective Period. This Agreement shall become effective on the date first written above, and shall continue in full force and effect as to all parties hereto until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of all parties hereto. The withdrawal pursuant to Section 5.2(A) or 5.2(B) of one or more of the Funds from this agreement shall not affect the continuance of this Agreement except as to the parties withdrawing.

5.2 Withdrawal from Agreement.

A. Any Fund may elect to withdraw from this Agreement effective at the end of any monthly period by giving at least 90 days’ prior written notice to each of the parties to this Agreement. Upon the written demand of all other Funds which are parties to this Agreement a Fund shall withdraw, and in the event of its failure to do so shall be deemed to have withdrawn, from this Agreement; such demand shall specify the date of withdrawal which shall be at the end of any monthly period at least 90 days from the time of service of such demand.

B. In the event of the withdrawal of any Fund from this Agreement, all its rights and obligations, except for lease commitments, under this Agreement (except such rights or obligations as have accrued prior to the date of withdrawal) shall terminate as of the date of the withdrawal. The withdrawing Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company, and (1) shall be entitled to receive from Service Company an amount equal to the excess of the fair value of (i) its Shares of other securities Service Company as of the date of its withdrawal less (ii) its proportionate interest in any liabilities of Service Company, including when appropriate any commitments of Service Company and unexpired leases at the date of withdrawal; (2) shall be obligated to pay Service Company an amount equal to the excess of (ii) over (i). Such amount to be received from or paid to Service Company shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Funds. Any amount found payable by the Service Company to the withdrawing Fund shall be recoverable by Service Company from the Funds remaining under this Agreement in accordance with the provisions of Section 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 hereof.

5.3 Termination by Mutual Consent. In the event that all Funds withdraw from this Agreement without entering into a comparable successor agreement, each Fund shall surrender its Shares to Service Company and after payment by Service Company of all its liabilities, including the settlement of unexpired lease obligations, shall: A. Receive from Service Company in cash an amount equal to its proportionate share of the actual value of all assets of the Service Company which can be reduced readily to cash.

B. Negotiate in good faith with the other Funds provision for the equitable use and/or disposition of assets of the Service Company which are not readily reducible to cash.

5.4 Additional Parties to Agreement. Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by

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adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder. Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the new Fund shall be subject to all provisions of this Agreement and become a holder of Shares by adjustment in cash investments among the Funds pursuant to Section 1.3. No person shall become a holder of shares without becoming a party to this Agreement.

5.5 Fund of Funds Parties to Agreement. A “Fund of Funds” shall mean a registered investment company or series of a Fund which is managed and administered by Service Company and which invests substantially all of its assets in shares of two or more Funds (or series thereof).

A. Upon the favorable vote of two-thirds of the shareholders and of the holders of two-thirds of the Shares of the Service Company, a Fund of Funds organized as a separate registered investment company may become a party to this Agreement and share as a Fund in all of the rights, duties and liabilities hereunder by adopting, executing and delivering to the Service Company and the Funds a signed copy of this Agreement which shall evidence that investment company’s agreement to assume the duties and obligations of a Fund hereunder, except as provided in the following paragraph B.

B. A Fund of Funds: (1) shall not be obligated or permitted to make a capital contribution or to acquire Shares pursuant to Section I except to the extent that the Fund of Funds’ assets are not invested in shares of the Funds; (2) shall not be allocated or obligated to pay any portion of the expenses of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2 except as determined by the Board of Directors of Service Company pursuant to Section 3.2(A)(4); and (3) may have the expenses the Fund of Funds would otherwise bear pursuant to Section 2.1 reduced or eliminated by the savings which accrue to the benefit of the Funds.

C. Upon the delivery of a signed copy of this Agreement, the Fund of Funds shall be subject to all the provisions of this Agreement except as provided herein.

VI. GENERAL

6.1 Definition of Certain Terms. As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall mean: A. “Fair Value of Shares” shall mean the proportionate interest, as represented by the ratio of the number of Shares owned by a Fund to the number of Shares issued and outstanding, in all assets of the Service Company less all liabilities of the Service Company on the date fair value is to be determined. Assets shall be valued at fair market value. In case of any dispute as to the proportionate interest of any Fund or as to the fair value of the Shares, the issue shall be determined by the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares, whose determination shall be conclusive upon the Fund.

B. “Person” shall mean a natural person, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a trust, a fund or any organized group of persons whether incorporated or not.

6.2 Assignment. This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of the parties thereto, their respective successors and assigns.

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6.3 Captions. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.

6.4 Amendment. Unless prohibited by applicable laws, regulations or orders of regulatory authorities and except as set forth below, this Agreement may be amended at any time and in one or more respects upon the favorable vote of the holders of a majority of the Shares (except that the vote required in Sections 3.1 and 5.4 may be amended only by the favorable votes of the number of holders or Shares specified therein) and without the further approval or vote of shareholders of any of the Funds; provided, however, that Section 1.4 (limiting cash investments by the Funds in Service Company) may not be amended unless and exemptive order permitting such amendment is obtained from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

6.5 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.

In Witness Whereof, each of the parties hereto has caused the Agreement to be signed and its corporate seal to be hereto affixed by its proper officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date and year first above written.

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The Vanguard Group, Inc.


Attest: /s/ Anne Robinson	BY: /s/ F. William McNabb III
Anne Robinson	F. William McNabb III
Secretary	Chief Executive Officer

The Vanguard Group of Investment Companies:

Vanguard Admiral Funds	Vanguard Bond Index Funds
Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds	Vanguard Charlotte Funds
Vanguard Chester Funds	Vanguard Convertible Securities Fund
Vanguard Explorer Fund	Vanguard Fenway Funds
Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds	Vanguard Florida Tax-Free Funds
Vanguard Horizon Funds	Vanguard Index Funds
Vanguard International Equity Index Funds	Vanguard Institutional Index Funds
Vanguard Malvern Funds	Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds
Vanguard Money Market Reserves	Vanguard Montgomery Funds
Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund	Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds
Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds	Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds
Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds	Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds
Vanguard Quantitative Funds	Vanguard Scottsdale Funds¹
Vanguard Specialized Funds	Vanguard STAR Funds
Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds	Vanguard Trustees’ Equity Fund
Vanguard Valley Forge Funds	Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds
Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund	Vanguard Wellington Fund
Vanguard Whitehall Funds	Vanguard Windsor Funds
Vanguard World Fund


Attest: /s/ Anne Robinson	BY: /s/ F. William McNabb III
Anne Robinson	F. William McNabb III
Secretary	President and
	Chief Executive Officer

Signature page revised as of November 16, 2017.

¹Formerly Vanguard Treasury Fund

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Additional Information
		Vanguard
	Inception Date	Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Communication Services Index Fund
ETF Shares	9/23/2004	959	92204A884


Communication Services Index Fund ETF Shares
	August
	31, 2017,
	through
	February
	28,
					Year Ended August 31,
For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each
Period	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period		$95.16	$83.80	$88.44	$78.54	$70.82
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income		3.108¹	2.622	2.789	2.394	3.734²
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss)
on Investments		(1.587)	12.811	(5.178)	10.749	6.455
Total from Investment Operations		1.521	15.433	(2.389)	13.143	10.189
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income		(3.141)	(4.073)	(2.251)	(3.243)	(2.469)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains		—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions		(3.141)	(4.073)	(2.251)	(3.243)	(2.469)
Net Asset Value, End of Period		$93.54	$95.16	$83.80	$88.44	$78.54
Total Return		1.62%	19.14%	–2.72%	17.08%	14.78%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)		$1,388	$1,483	$795	$743	$511
Ratio of Total Expenses to
Average Net Assets		0.10%	0.10%	0.10%	0.12%	0.14%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to
Average Net Assets		3.26%	3.10%	3.20%	3.29%	4.56%²
Portfolio Turnover Rate³		18%	20%	18%	19%	19%
1 Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2 Net investment income per share and the ratio of net investment income to average net assets include $0.704 and 0.89%,
respectively, resulting from a special dividend received in connection with a merger between T-Mobile US Inc. and MetroPCS
Communications Inc. in May 2013.
3 Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the Fund’s capital
shares, including ETF Creation Units.


Contents


Fund Summary	1	Investing With Vanguard	22
Investing in Index Funds	6	Purchasing Shares	22
More on the Fund	8	Converting Shares	25
The Fund and Vanguard	14	Redeeming Shares	26
Investment Advisor	14	Exchanging Shares	29
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	16	Frequent-Trading Limitations	30
Share Price	18	Other Rules You Should Know	32
Financial Highlights	20	Fund and Account Updates	36
		Employer-Sponsored Plans	37
		Contacting Vanguard	38
		Additional Information	39
		Glossary of Investment Terms	41


Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment)

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee (for certain fund account balances below $10,000)	$20/year