Form 424B2 MORGAN STANLEY

February 2025

Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. 6,031

Registration Statement Nos. 333-275587; 333-275587-01

Dated January 23, 2025

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley

As further described below, we, Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”), will redeem the notes in accordance with the risk neutral valuation model determination noted herein. Any redemption payment will be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the redemption date.

Subject to the call feature, interest will accrue and be payable on the notes quarterly, in arrears, (i) from the original issue date to February 6, 2026: at a rate of 6.55% per annum and (ii) from February 6, 2026 to maturity: at a variable rate equal to 6.55% per annum for each calendar day that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is greater than or equal to 0.00% and less than or equal to 7.00% (which we refer to as the reference rate range). Consequently, if, on any day, the level of SOFR is not within the reference rate range, no interest will accrue for such day. These long-dated notes are for investors who seek an opportunity to earn interest at a potentially above-market rate in exchange for the risk of receiving little or no interest on the notes with respect to any day during the floating interest rate period on which the condition listed above is not met.

SOFR has been identified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Alternative Reference Rates Committee as its recommended alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR for certain financial contracts and is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. For a description of SOFR, see “Secured Overnight Financing Rate” below. Publication of SOFR began on April 3, 2018 and it therefore has a limited history. Any failure of SOFR to maintain market acceptance could adversely affect the notes. For further discussion of risks related to the notes, including these and other risks related to the reference rate, see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9.

All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These notes are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets.

SUMMARY TERMS
Issuer:	Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”)
Guarantor:	Morgan Stanley
Aggregate principal amount:	$ . May be increased prior to the original issue date but we are not required to do so.
Issue price:	$1,000 per note
Stated principal amount:	$1,000 per note
Pricing date:	February , 2025
Original issue date:	February 6, 2025 ( business days after the pricing date)
Maturity date:	February 6, 2040
Interest accrual date:	February 6, 2025
Payment at maturity:	The payment at maturity per note will be the stated principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
Reference rate:	The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). As further described in this document, (i) in determining the reference rate for a U.S. government securities business day, the reference rate generally will be the rate in respect of such day that is provided on the following U.S. government securities business day and (ii) in determining the reference rate for any other day, such as a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, the reference rate generally will be the rate in respect of the immediately preceding U.S. government securities business day that is provided on the following U.S. government securities business day. Please see “Determination of SOFR” below.
Index maturity:	Daily
Interest rate:	From and including the original issue date to but excluding February 6, 2026: 6.55% per annum From and including February 6, 2026 to but excluding the maturity date or any earlier redemption date (the “floating interest rate period”): For each interest payment period, a variable rate per annum equal to: (x) 6.55% per annum times (y) N/ACT; where “N” = the total number of calendar days in the applicable interest payment period on which the reference rate is within the applicable reference rate range (“accrual days”); and “ACT” = the total number of calendar days in the applicable interest payment period. If on any calendar day the reference rate is not within the reference rate range, interest will accrue at a rate of 0.00% per annum for that day.
Reference rate range:	Greater than or equal to 0.00% and less than or equal to 7.00%
Interest payment period:	Quarterly
Interest payment period end dates:	Unadjusted
Interest payment dates:	The 6th calendar day of each February, May, August and November, beginning May 6, 2025; provided that if any such day is not a business day, that interest payment will be made on the next succeeding business day and no adjustment will be made to any interest payment made on that succeeding business day.
Agent:	Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (“MS & Co.”), an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley. See “Supplemental Information Concerning Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest.”
Terms continued on the following page
Estimated value on the pricing date:	Approximately $942.20 per note, or within $22.20 of that estimate. See “The Notes” on page 3.
Commissions and issue price:	Price to public	Agent’s commissions and fees	Proceeds to us(3)
Per note	$1,000	$20(1) $5(2)	$975
Total	$	$	$

(1) Selected dealers, including Morgan Stanley Wealth Management (an affiliate of the agent), and their financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, MS & Co., a fixed sales commission of $20 for each note they sell. See “Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest.” For additional information, see “Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)” in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

(2) Reflects a structuring fee payable to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management by the agent or its affiliates of $5 for each note.

(3) See “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” on page 14.

You should read this document together with the related prospectus supplement and prospectus,
each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below, before you decide to invest. When you read the accompanying prospectus supplement, please note that all references in such supplement to the prospectus dated November 16, 2023, or to any sections therein, should refer instead to the accompanying prospectus dated April 12, 2024 or to the corresponding sections of such prospectus, as applicable.

Prospectus Supplement dated November 16, 2023   Prospectus dated April 12, 2024

References to “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Morgan Stanley or MSFL, or Morgan Stanley and MSFL collectively, as the context requires.

The notes are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

MSFL and Morgan Stanley have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement and other documents MSFL and Morgan Stanley have filed with the SEC for more complete information about MSFL, Morgan Stanley and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC Web site at.www.sec.gov. Alternatively, MSFL, Morgan Stanley, any underwriter or any dealer participating in this offering will arrange to send you the prospectus if you request it by calling toll-free 1-800-584-6837.

 

 

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

10-Year U.S. Dollar SOFR ICE Swap Rate Linked Range Accrual Notes

Terms continued from previous page:
Reference rate cutoff:	The reference rate for any day from and including the fifth U.S. government securities business day prior to the related interest payment date for any interest payment period shall be the reference rate with respect to the fifth U.S. government securities business day prior to such interest payment date. Please see “Determination of SOFR” below.
Call feature:	Beginning on the initial redemption date, an early redemption, in whole but not in part, will occur on a redemption date if and only if the output of a risk neutral valuation model on a business day that is at least five but no more than eight business days prior to such redemption date, as selected by the calculation agent (the “determination date”), taking as input: (i) prevailing reference market levels, volatilities and correlations, as applicable and in each case as of the determination date and (ii) our credit spreads as of the pricing date(s), indicates that redeeming on such date is economically rational for us as compared to not redeeming on such date. Any redemption payment will be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the redemption date. If we call the notes, we will give you notice at least 5 business days before the call date specified in the notice. No further payments will be made on the redeemed notes once they have been redeemed. See “The Notes.”
Redemption percentage at redemption date:	100% per note redeemed
Frequency of redemption dates:	Quarterly
Redemption dates:	The 6th calendar day of each February, May, August and November, beginning on the initial redemption date
Initial redemption date:	February 6, 2026
Day-count convention:	30/360
Specified currency:	U.S. dollars
No listing:	The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange.
CUSIP / ISIN:	61774FLW0 / US61774FLW04
Book-entry or certificated note:	Book-entry
Business day:	New York
Calculation agent:	Morgan Stanley Capital Services LLC. All determinations made by the calculation agent will be at the sole discretion of the calculation agent and will, in the absence of manifest error, be conclusive for all purposes and binding on you, the trustee and us. All values used in the interest rate formula for the notes and all percentages resulting from any calculation of interest will be rounded to the nearest one hundred-thousandth of a percentage point, with .000005% rounded up to .00001%. All dollar amounts used in or resulting from such calculation on the notes will be rounded to the nearest cent, with one-half cent rounded upward. Because the calculation agent is our affiliate, the economic interests of the calculation agent and its affiliates may be adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes, including with respect to certain determinations and judgments that the calculation agent must make in determining the payment that you will receive on each interest payment date and at maturity. The calculation agent is obligated to carry out its duties and functions as calculation agent in good faith and using its reasonable judgment.
Trustee:	The Bank of New York Mellon

January 2025 Page 2

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

The Notes

The notes offered are debt securities of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (“MSFL”) and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley. As further described below, interest will accrue and be payable on the notes quarterly, in arrears, (i) from the original issue date to February 6, 2026: at a rate of 6.55% per annum and (ii) from February 6, 2026 to maturity: at a variable rate equal to 6.55% per annum for each calendar day that SOFR is greater than or equal to 0.00% and less than or equal to 7.00% (which we refer to as the reference rate range). Consequently, if, on any day, the level of SOFR is not within the reference rate range, no interest will accrue for such day. These long-dated notes are for investors who seek an opportunity to earn interest at a potentially above-market rate in exchange for the risk of receiving little or no interest on the notes with respect to any day during the floating interest rate period on which SOFR is not within the reference rate range. Investors must be willing and able to forgo interest for significant periods of time, including possibly the entire floating interest rate period.

Beginning on the initial redemption date, an early redemption, in whole but not in part, will occur on a redemption date if and only if the output of a risk neutral valuation model on a business day that is at least five but no more than eight business days prior to such redemption date, based on the inputs indicated in the call feature terms, indicates that redeeming on such date is economically rational for us as compared to not redeeming on such date. Any redemption payment will be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to but excluding the redemption date. If we call the notes, we will give you notice at least five business days before the call date specified in the notice. On or before the redemption date, we will deposit with the trustee money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest on the notes to be redeemed on that date. If such money is so deposited, on and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the notes (unless we default in the payment of the redemption price and accrued interest) and such notes will cease to be outstanding. We describe the basic features of these notes in the sections of the accompanying prospectus called “Description of Debt Securities—Floating Rate Debt Securities” and prospectus supplement called “Description of Notes,” subject to and as modified by the provisions described below. For information regarding notices of redemption, see “Description of Debt Securities—Redemption and Repurchase of Debt Securities—Notice of Redemption” in the accompanying prospectus. All payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk.

The stated principal amount and issue price of each note is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the notes on the pricing date will be less than the issue price. We estimate that the value of each note on the pricing date will be approximately $942.20, or within $22.20 of that estimate. Our estimate of the value of the notes as determined on the pricing date will be set forth in the final pricing supplement.

What goes into the estimated value on the pricing date?

In valuing the notes on the pricing date, we take into account that the notes comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to SOFR. The estimated value of the notes is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to SOFR, instruments based on SOFR, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.

What determines the economic terms of the notes?

In determining the economic terms of the notes, including the interest rate and the reference rate range, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the notes would be more favorable to you.

What is the relationship between the estimated value on the pricing date and the secondary market price of the notes?

The price at which MS & Co. purchases the notes in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to interest rates and SOFR, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the pricing date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type, the costs of unwinding the related hedging transactions and other factors.

January 2025 Page 3

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the notes and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.

January 2025 Page 4

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

Determination of SOFR

The terms set forth in the accompanying prospectus under “Description of Debt Securities—SOFR Debt Securities” shall not apply to the notes.

The reference rate in effect on any U.S. government securities business day will be the applicable rate as reset on that date. The reference rate applicable to any other day is the reference rate from the immediately preceding U.S. government securities business day.

“SOFR” means, with respect to any U.S. government securities business day:

(1) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate in respect of such U.S. government securities business day as provided by the New York Federal Reserve, as the administrator of such rate (or a successor administrator) on the New York Federal Reserve’s Website on or about 5:00 p.m. (New York time) on the U.S. government securities business day immediately following such U.S. government securities business day; or

(2) if the Secured Overnight Financing Rate in respect of such U.S. government securities business day does not appear as specified in paragraph (1), unless both a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate in respect of the last U.S. government securities business day for which such rate was published on the New York Federal Reserve’s Website; or

(3) if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred:

●the sum of: (a) the alternate rate of interest that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor and (b) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; or

●the sum of: (a) the ISDA Fallback Rate and (b) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment; or

●the sum of: (a) the alternate rate of interest that has been selected by us or our designee as the replacement for the then-current Benchmark for the applicable Corresponding Tenor giving due consideration to any industry-accepted rate of interest as a replacement for the then-current Benchmark for U.S. dollar-denominated floating rate notes at such time and (b) the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.

“Benchmark” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate with the index maturity specified above; provided that if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate with the index maturity specified above or the then-current Benchmark, then “Benchmark” means the applicable Benchmark Replacement.

“Benchmark Replacement” means the first alternative set forth in the order presented in clause (3) of the definition of “SOFR” that can be determined by us or our designee as of the Benchmark Replacement Date. In connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, we or our designee will have the right to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes from time to time.

“Benchmark Replacement Adjustment” means the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by us or our designee as of the Benchmark Replacement Date:

(1) the spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body for the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement;

(2) if the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement is equivalent to the ISDA Fallback Rate, then the ISDA Fallback Adjustment;

(3) the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that has been selected by us or our designee giving due consideration to any industry-accepted spread adjustment, or method for calculating or determining such spread adjustment, for the replacement of the then-current Benchmark with the applicable Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement for U.S. dollar-denominated floating rate notes at such time.

January 2025 Page 5

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

“Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes” means, with respect to any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including changes to the definition of “interest payment period,” timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest and other administrative matters) that we or our designee decide may be appropriate to reflect the adoption of such Benchmark Replacement in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if we or our designee decide that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or if we or our designee determine that no market practice for use of the Benchmark Replacement exists, in such other manner as we or our designee determine is reasonably necessary).

“Benchmark Replacement Date” means the earliest to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:

(1) in the case of clause (1) or (2) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the later of (a) the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein and (b) the date on which the administrator of the Benchmark permanently or indefinitely ceases to provide the Benchmark; or

(2) in the case of clause (3) of the definition of “Benchmark Transition Event,” the date of the public statement or publication of information referenced therein.

For the avoidance of doubt, if the event giving rise to the Benchmark Replacement Date occurs on the same day as, but earlier than, the Reference Time in respect of any determination, the Benchmark Replacement Date will be deemed to have occurred prior to the Reference Time for such determination.

“Benchmark Transition Event” means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:

(1) a public statement or publication of information by or on behalf of the administrator of the Benchmark announcing that such administrator has ceased or will cease to provide the Benchmark, permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide the Benchmark;

(2) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of the Benchmark, the central bank for the currency of the Benchmark, an insolvency official with jurisdiction over the administrator for the Benchmark, a resolution authority with jurisdiction over the administrator for the Benchmark or a court or an entity with similar insolvency or resolution authority over the administrator for the Benchmark, which states that the administrator of the Benchmark has ceased or will cease to provide the Benchmark permanently or indefinitely, provided that, at the time of such statement or publication, there is no successor administrator that will continue to provide the Benchmark; or

(3) a public statement or publication of information by the regulatory supervisor for the administrator of the Benchmark announcing that the Benchmark is no longer representative.

A “business day” means any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or regulation to close in The City of New York.

“Corresponding Tenor” with respect to a Benchmark Replacement means a tenor (including overnight) having approximately the same length (disregarding business day adjustment) as the applicable tenor for the then-current Benchmark.

“ISDA Definitions” means the 2006 ISDA Definitions published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. or any successor thereto, as amended or supplemented from time to time, or any successor definitional booklet for interest rate derivatives published from time to time.

“ISDA Fallback Adjustment” means the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be determined upon the occurrence of an index cessation event with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor.

“ISDA Fallback Rate” means the rate that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be effective upon the occurrence of an index cessation date with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor excluding the applicable ISDA Fallback Adjustment.

“New York Federal Reserve” means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

“New York Federal Reserve’s Website” means the website of the New York Federal Reserve, currently at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor source.

January 2025 Page 6

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

“Reference Time” with respect to any determination of the Benchmark means the time determined by us or our designee in accordance with the Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes.

“Relevant Governmental Body” means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or any successor thereto.

“Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement” means the Benchmark Replacement excluding the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.

If a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred, any determination, decision or election that may be made by us or our designee pursuant to this section “Determination of SOFR,” including any determination with respect to a tenor, rate or adjustment or of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event, circumstance or date and any decision to take or refrain from taking any action or any selection:

●will be conclusive and binding absent manifest error;

●will be made in our or our designee’s sole discretion; and

●notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the documentation relating to the notes, shall become effective without consent from the holders of the notes or any other party.

In no event shall the trustee be responsible for the selection of any Benchmark Replacement, for determining any Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes or for determining if any Benchmark Transition Event has occurred.

January 2025 Page 7

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

Secured Overnight Financing Rate

The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is published by the New York Federal Reserve and is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. The New York Federal Reserve reports that SOFR includes all trades in the Broad General Collateral Rate and bilateral Treasury repurchase agreement (repo) transactions (excluding transactions between affiliated institutions) cleared through the delivery-versus-payment service offered by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (the “FICC”), a subsidiary of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”), and SOFR is filtered by the New York Federal Reserve to remove some (but not all) of the foregoing transactions considered to be “specials.” According to the New York Federal Reserve, “specials” are repos for specific-issue collateral, which take place at cash-lending rates below those for general collateral repos because cash providers are willing to accept a lesser return on their cash in order to obtain a particular security.

The New York Federal Reserve reports that SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median of transaction-level tri-party repo data collected from The Bank of New York Mellon as well as General Collateral Finance Repo transaction data and data on bilateral Treasury repo transactions cleared through the FICC’s delivery-versus-payment service. The New York Federal Reserve also notes that it obtains information from DTCC Solutions LLC, an affiliate of DTCC.

If data for a given market segment were unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data for that segment would be utilized, with the rates on each transaction from that day adjusted to account for any change in the level of market rates in that segment over the intervening period. SOFR would be calculated from this adjusted prior day’s data for segments where current data were unavailable, and unadjusted data for any segments where data were available. To determine the change in the level of market rates over the intervening period for the missing market segment, the New York Federal Reserve would use information collected through a daily survey conducted by its Trading Desk of primary dealers’ repo borrowing activity. Such daily survey would include information reported by Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, as a primary dealer.

The New York Federal Reserve notes on its publication page for SOFR that use of SOFR is subject to important limitations, indemnification obligations and disclaimers, including that the New York Federal Reserve may alter the methods of calculation, publication schedule, rate revision practices or availability of SOFR at any time without notice.

Each U.S. Government Securities Business Day, the New York Federal Reserve publishes SOFR on its website at approximately 8:00 a.m., New York City time. If errors are discovered in the transaction data provided by The Bank of New York Mellon or DTCC Solutions LLC, or in the calculation process, subsequent to the initial publication of SOFR but on that same day, SOFR and the accompanying summary statistics may be republished at approximately 2:30 p.m., New York City time. Additionally, if transaction data from The Bank of New York Mellon or DTCC Solutions LLC had previously not been available in time for publication, but became available later in the day, the affected rate or rates may be republished at around this time. Rate revisions will only be effected on the same day as initial publication and will only be republished if the change in the rate exceeds one basis point. Any time a rate is revised, a footnote to the New York Federal Reserve’s publication would indicate the revision. This revision threshold will be reviewed periodically by the New York Federal Reserve and may be changed based on market conditions.

Because SOFR is published by the New York Federal Reserve based on data received from other sources, we have no control over its determination, calculation or publication. See “Risk Factors” below.

The information contained in this section “Secured Overnight Financing Rate” is based upon the New York Federal Reserve’s Website and other U.S. government sources.

January 2025 Page 8

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

How the Notes Work

The table below presents examples of hypothetical interest rates at which interest would accrue on the notes during any year during the floating interest rate period based on the total number of calendar days in a quarterly interest payment period on which SOFR is within the reference rate range. The table assumes that the interest payment period contains 90 calendar days.

The example below is for purposes of illustration only and would provide different results if different assumptions were made. The actual quarterly interest payments during the floating interest rate period will depend on the actual number of calendar days in each interest payment period and the actual level of SOFR on each day. The applicable interest rate for each quarterly interest payment period during the floating interest rate period will be determined on a per-annum basis but will apply only to that interest payment period.

N	Annualized Rate of Interest Paid
0	0.0000%
15	1.0917%
30	2.1833%
45	3.2750%
60	4.3667%
75	5.4583%
90	6.5500%

 

Beginning February 6, 2026, it is possible that you could receive little or no interest on the notes. If, on any calendar day during the floating interest rate period, SOFR is not within the reference rate range, interest will accrue at a rate of 0.00% per annum for that day.

January 2025 Page 9

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

Historical Information

The following graph sets forth the historical percentage levels of SOFR as published by the New York Federal Reserve for the period from January 1, 2020 to January 21, 2025. The historical levels of SOFR should not be taken as an indication of its future performance. We cannot give you any assurance that the level of SOFR will be within the reference rate range on any day during the floating interest rate period. We obtained the information in the graph below from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification.

 

You should note that publication of SOFR began on April 3, 2018 and it therefore has a limited history. Among other things, SOFR may not increase or decrease over the term of the notes in accordance with the trends depicted in the graph above and the size and frequency of any fluctuations in SOFR over the term of the notes, which we refer to as volatility, may be significantly different from the volatility of SOFR depicted in the graph above. See “Risk Factors— Risks Relating to the Reference Rate—SOFR has a limited history; the future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on historical performance” below.

The historical performance shown above is not indicative of future performance. SOFR may in the future be less than zero or greater than 7.00% for extended periods of time. During the floating interest rate period, you will not receive interest for any day on which SOFR is not within the reference rate range.

January 2025 Page 10

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Fixed to Floating Rate Callable Notes due February 6, 2040

Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Linked Range Accrual Notes

 

Risk Factors

The notes involve risks not associated with an investment in ordinary floating rate notes. This section describes the material risks relating to the notes. For a complete list of risk factors, please see the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus. You should carefully consider whether the notes are suited to your particular circumstances before you decide to purchase them. Accordingly, prospective investors should consult their financial and legal advisers as to the risks entailed by an investment in the notes and the suitability of the notes in light of their particular circumstances.

Risks Relating to an Investment in the Notes

￭The notes have early redemption risk. Beginning on the initial redemption date, an early redemption, in whole but not in part, will occur on a redemption date if and only if the output of a risk neutral valuation model on a business day that is at least five but no more than eight business days prior to such redemption date, based on the inputs indicated in the call feature terms, indicates that redeeming on such date is economically rational for us as compared to not redeeming on such date. In accordance with the risk neutral valuation model determination noted herein, it is more likely that the issuer will redeem the notes prior to their stated maturity date to the extent that the interest payable on the notes is greater than the interest that would be payable on other instruments of the issuer of a comparable maturity, of comparable terms and of a comparable credit rating trading in the market. If the notes are redeemed prior to their stated maturity date, you will receive no further interest payments on the redeemed notes and may have to re-invest the proceeds in a lower interest rate environment.

￭If there are no accrual days in any interest payment period during the floating interest rate period, we will not pay any interest on the notes for that interest payment period and the market value of the notes may decrease significantly. It is possible that SOFR will not be within the reference rate range for so many days during any quarterly interest payment period during the floating interest rate period that the interest payment for that quarterly interest payment period will be less than the amount that would be paid on an ordinary debt security and may be zero. To the extent that SOFR is not within the reference rate range during the term of the notes, the market value of the notes may decrease, and you may receive substantially less than 100% of the issue price if you are able to sell your notes at such time.

￭For purposes of determining the level of SOFR, the level of reference rate for any day from and including the fifth U.S. government securities business day prior to the interest payment date of an interest payment period shall be the level of the reference rate with respect to such fifth day. Because the level of the reference rate for any day from and including the fifth U.S. government securities business day prior to the interest payment date of an interest payment period during the floating interest rate period shall be the level of the reference rate with respect to such fifth day, if with respect to such fifth day SOFR is not within the reference rate range, you will not receive any interest in respect of any days on or after that fifth business day to but excluding the interest payment date even if any of those days would have been an accrual day were the levels of SOFR determined based on the actual reference rate with respect to such day.

￭The historical performance of SOFR is not an indication of future performance. The historical performance of SOFR should not be taken as an indication of future performance during the term of the notes. Changes in the level of SOFR will affect the trading price of the notes, but it is impossible to predict whether such level will rise or fall. There can be no assurance that SOFR will be within the reference rate range on any day during the floating interest rate period so that interest will accrue for such day.

￭Investors are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the notes. Investors are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes on interest payment dates, on redemption dates and at maturity and therefore investors are subject to our credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. If we default on our obligations under the notes, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the notes prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in our credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes.

￭As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets. As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities

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in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities.

￭The price at which the notes may be sold prior to maturity will depend on a number of factors and may be substantially less than the amount for which they were originally purchased. Some of these factors include, but are not limited to: (i) actual or anticipated changes in the level of the reference rate, (ii) volatility of the level of the reference rate, (iii) changes in interest and yield rates, (iv) any actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads and (v) time remaining to maturity. Generally, the longer the time remaining to maturity and the more tailored the exposure, the more the market price of the notes will be affected by the other factors described in the preceding sentence. This can lead to significant adverse changes in the market price of securities like the notes. Depending on the actual or anticipated level of the reference rate and interest and yield rates, the market value of the notes is expected to decrease and you may receive substantially less than 100% of the issue price if you are able to sell your notes prior to maturity.

￭The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes in the original issue price reduce the economic terms of the notes, cause the estimated value of the notes to be less than the original issue price and will adversely affect secondary market prices. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., are willing to purchase the notes in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the original issue price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the original issue price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type, the costs of unwinding the related hedging transactions as well as other factors.

The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes in the original issue price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the notes less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.

￭The estimated value of the notes is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price. These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the notes than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the notes. In addition, the estimated value on the pricing date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your notes at any time after the date of this pricing supplement will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions.

￭The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the notes. MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the notes and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the notes, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the notes. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the notes easily. Since other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were to cease making a market in the notes, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the notes. Moreover, in accordance with the risk neutral valuation model determination noted herein, it is less likely that the issuer will redeem the notes prior to their stated maturity date to the extent that the

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interest payable on the notes is less than the interest that would be payable on other instruments of the issuer of a comparable maturity trading in the market. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your notes to maturity.

￭Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, has determined the estimated value on the pricing date. MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the notes on the pricing date.

￭Our affiliates may publish research that could affect the market value of the notes. They also expect to hedge the issuer’s obligations under the notes. One or more of our affiliates may, at present or in the future, publish research reports with respect to movements in interest rates generally, or the LIBOR transition or SOFR specifically. This research is modified from time to time without notice to you and may express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding the notes. Any of these activities may affect the market value of the notes. In addition, our affiliates expect to hedge the issuer’s obligations under the notes and they may realize a profit from that expected hedging activity even if investors do not receive a favorable investment return under the terms of the notes or in any secondary market transaction.

￭The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, (or, if applicable, we or our designee) will make determinations with respect to the notes. The calculation agent will make certain determinations with respect to the notes as further described in this document. In addition, if a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred, we or our designee will make certain determinations with respect to the notes in our or our designee’s sole discretion as further described under “Determination of SOFR” above. Any of these determinations may adversely affect the payout to investors. Moreover, certain determinations may require the exercise of discretion and the making of subjective judgments, such as with respect to SOFR or the occurrence or non-occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event and any Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes. These potentially subjective determinations may adversely affect the payout to you on the notes. For further information regarding these types of determinations, see “Determination of SOFR” above.

Risks Relating to the Reference Rate

￭SOFR has a limited history; the future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on historical performance. You should note that publication of SOFR began on April 3, 2018 and it therefore has a limited history. In addition, the future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on the limited historical performance. The level of SOFR during the term of the notes may bear little or no relation to the historical level of SOFR. Prior observed patterns, if any, in the behavior of market variables and their relation to SOFR, such as correlations, may change in the future. While some pre-publication historical data have been released by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “New York Federal Reserve”), such analysis inherently involves assumptions, estimates and approximations. The future performance of SOFR is impossible to predict and therefore no future performance of SOFR or the notes may be inferred from any of the historical simulations or historical performance. Hypothetical or historical performance data are not indicative of, and have no bearing on, the potential performance of SOFR or the notes. Changes in the levels of SOFR will affect the return on the notes and the trading price of such notes, but it is impossible to predict whether such levels will rise or fall. There can be no assurance that SOFR will be within the reference rate range on any day during the floating interest rate period so that interest will accrue for such day.

￭Any failure of SOFR to maintain market acceptance could adversely affect the notes. SOFR may fail to maintain market acceptance. SOFR was developed for use in certain U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts as an alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR in part because it is considered a good representation of general funding conditions in the overnight Treasury repo market. However, as a rate based on transactions secured by U.S. Treasury securities, it does not measure bank-specific credit risk and, as a result, is less likely to correlate with the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks. This may mean that market participants would not consider SOFR a suitable substitute or successor for all of the purposes for which LIBOR historically has been used (including, without limitation, as a representation of the unsecured short-term funding costs of banks), which may, in turn, lessen market acceptance of SOFR. Any failure of SOFR to maintain market acceptance could adversely affect the return on the notes and the price at which you can sell such notes.

￭The composition and characteristics of SOFR are not the same as those of LIBOR and there is no guarantee that SOFR is a comparable substitute for LIBOR. In June 2017, the New York Federal Reserve’s Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”) announced SOFR as its recommended alternative to U.S. dollar LIBOR. However, the composition and characteristics of SOFR are not the same as those of LIBOR. SOFR is a broad Treasury repo financing

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rate that represents overnight secured funding transactions. This means that SOFR is fundamentally different from LIBOR for two key reasons. First, SOFR is a secured rate, while LIBOR is an unsecured rate. Second, SOFR is an overnight rate, while LIBOR represents interbank funding over different maturities. As a result, there can be no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same way as LIBOR would have at any time, including, without limitation, as a result of changes in interest and yield rates in the market, market volatility or global, national or regional economic, financial, political, regulatory, judicial or other events. For example, since publication of SOFR began on April 3, 2018, daily changes in SOFR have, on occasion, been more volatile than daily changes in comparable benchmark or other market rates. For additional information regarding SOFR, see “Secured Overnight Financing Rate” above.

￭The secondary trading market for notes linked to SOFR may be limited. Since SOFR is a relatively new market rate, the notes will likely have no established trading market when issued and an established trading market may never develop or may not be very liquid. Market terms for debt securities linked to SOFR (such as the notes) may evolve over time and, as a result, trading prices of the notes may be lower than those of later-issued debt securities that are linked to SOFR. Similarly, if SOFR does not prove to be widely used in debt securities similar to the notes, the trading price of the notes may be lower than that of debt securities linked to rates that are more widely used. Investors in the notes may not be able to sell such notes at all or may not be able to sell such notes at prices that will provide them with a yield comparable to similar investments that have a developed secondary market. Further, investors wishing to sell the notes in the secondary market will have to make assumptions as to the future performance of SOFR during the interest payment period in which they intend the sale to take place. As a result, investors may suffer from increased pricing volatility and market risk.

￭The administrator of SOFR may make changes that could change the value of SOFR or discontinue SOFR and has no obligation to consider your interests in doing so. The New York Federal Reserve (or a successor), as administrator of SOFR, may make methodological or other changes that could change the value of SOFR, including changes related to the method by which SOFR is calculated, eligibility criteria applicable to the transactions used to calculate SOFR, or timing related to the publication of SOFR. In addition, the administrator may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of SOFR (in which case a fallback method of determining the interest rate on the notes during the floating interest rate period as further described under “Determination of SOFR” will apply). The administrator has no obligation to consider your interests in calculating, adjusting, converting, revising or discontinuing SOFR.

￭In the event of a Benchmark Transition Event, there is no guarantee that any Benchmark Replacement will be a comparable substitute for SOFR. If we or our designee determine that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred in respect of SOFR, then the interest rate on the notes during the floating interest rate period will no longer be determined by reference to SOFR, but instead will be determined by reference to a different rate, which will be a different benchmark than SOFR, plus a spread adjustment, which we refer to as a “Benchmark Replacement,” as further described under “Determination of SOFR” above.

If a particular Benchmark Replacement or Benchmark Replacement Adjustment cannot be determined, then the next-available Benchmark Replacement or Benchmark Replacement Adjustment will apply. These replacement rates and adjustments may be selected, recommended or formulated by (i) the Relevant Governmental Body (such as the ARRC), (ii) ISDA or (iii) in certain circumstances, us or our designee. In addition, the terms of the notes expressly authorize us or our designee to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes with respect to, among other things, changes to the definition of “interest payment period,” timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest and other administrative matters. The determination of a Benchmark Replacement, the calculation of the interest rate on the notes during the floating interest rate period by reference to a Benchmark Replacement (including the application of a Benchmark Replacement Adjustment), any implementation of Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes and any other determinations, decisions or elections that may be made under the terms of the notes in connection with a Benchmark Transition Event could adversely affect the value of the notes, the return on the notes and the price at which you can sell such notes.

Any determination, decision or election described above will be made in our or our designee’s sole discretion.

In addition, (i) the composition and characteristics of the Benchmark Replacement will not be the same as those of SOFR, the Benchmark Replacement will not be the economic equivalent of SOFR, there can be no assurance that the Benchmark Replacement will perform in the same way as SOFR would have at any time and there is no guarantee that the Benchmark Replacement will be a comparable substitute for SOFR (each of which means that a Benchmark Transition Event could adversely affect the value of the notes, the return on the notes and the price at which you can sell such notes), (ii) any

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failure of the Benchmark Replacement to gain market acceptance could adversely affect the notes, (iii) the Benchmark Replacement may have a very limited history and the future performance of the Benchmark Replacement cannot be predicted based on historical performance, (iv) the secondary trading market for notes linked to the Benchmark Replacement may be limited and (v) the administrator of the Benchmark Replacement may make changes that could change the value of the Benchmark Replacement or discontinue the Benchmark Replacement and has no obligation to consider your interests in doing so.

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Use of Proceeds and Hedging

The proceeds from the sale of the notes will be used by us for general corporate purposes. We will receive, in aggregate, $1,000 per note issued, because, when we enter into hedging transactions in order to meet our obligations under the notes, our hedging counterparty will reimburse the cost of the Agent’s commissions. The costs of the notes borne by you and described beginning on page 3 above comprise the Agent’s commissions and the cost of issuing, structuring and hedging the notes.

Supplemental Information Concerning Plan of Distribution; Conflicts of Interest

The agent may distribute the notes through Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC (“Morgan Stanley Wealth Management”), as selected dealer, or other dealers, which may include Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc (“MSIP”) and Bank Morgan Stanley AG. Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, MSIP and Bank Morgan Stanley AG are affiliates of ours. Selected dealers, including Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, and their financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, a fixed sales commission of $20 for each security they sell. In addition, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management will receive a structuring fee of $5 for each security. The costs included in the original issue price of the notes will include a fee paid by MS & Co. to LFT Securities, LLC, an entity in which an affiliate of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management has an ownership interest, for providing certain electronic platform services with respect to this offering. MS & Co. is an affiliate of MSFL and a wholly owned subsidiary of Morgan Stanley, and it and other affiliates of ours expect to make a profit by selling, structuring and, when applicable, hedging the notes. When MS & Co. prices this offering of notes, it will determine the economic terms of the notes such that for each note the estimated value on the pricing date will be no lower than the minimum level described in “The Notes” on page 3.

MS & Co. will conduct this offering in compliance with the requirements of FINRA Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., which is commonly referred to as FINRA, regarding a FINRA member firm’s distribution of the securities of an affiliate and related conflicts of interest. MS & Co. or any of our other affiliates may not make sales in this offering to any discretionary account.

Acceleration Amount in Case of an Event of Default

In case an event of default with respect to the notes shall have occurred and be continuing, the amount declared due and payable per note upon any acceleration of the notes shall be an amount in cash equal to the stated principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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Tax Considerations

In the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, the notes will be treated as debt for U.S. federal tax purposes. Whether the notes should be treated as “variable rate debt instruments” or “contingent payment debt instruments,” however, will depend, among other things, upon the facts at the time of issuance of the notes.

If the notes are treated as variable rate debt instruments, they will be taxed in the manner described in the section of the accompanying prospectus supplement called “United States Federal Taxation—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Notes—Floating Rate Notes.”

If the notes are treated as contingent payment debt instruments, as described in the section of the accompanying prospectus supplement called "United States Federal Taxation—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders— Notes—Contingent Payment Notes,” you generally would be subject to annual income tax based on the “comparable yield” of the notes, adjusted upward or downward to reflect the difference, if any, between the actual and the projected amount of any contingent payments on the notes. In addition, any gain recognized on the sale or exchange, or at maturity, of the notes generally would be treated as ordinary income.

If you are a non-U.S. investor, please also read the section of the accompanying prospectus supplement called “United States Federal Taxation—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders.”

Both U.S. and non-U.S. holders should read the section of the accompanying prospectus supplement entitled “United States Federal Taxation.”

You should consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the notes, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

The discussion in the preceding paragraphs under “Tax Considerations,” and the discussion contained in the section entitled “United States Federal Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus supplement, insofar as they purport to describe provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitute the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the notes.

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