Nigeria's unreported spending equals 2% of GDP, IMF official says

July 1, 2026 7:14 AM EDT

A participant stands near a logo of IMF at the International Monetary Fund - World Bank Annual Meeting 2018 in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, October 12, 2018. REUTERS/Johannes P. Christo

LAGOS, July 1 (Reuters) - Nigeria ‌had about ​2% ​of GDP worth of public spending not recorded in recent official budgets, creating a gap between its reported ‌deficit and actual financing needs, IMF resident representative in ⁠Nigeria Christian Ebeke said on Wednesday.

• The discrepancy means the country's fiscal ‌deficit appears smaller than the ‌level of borrowing, because some capital spending was not included in budget documents or implementation reports.

• These unreported expenditures are ​linked in part to large government projects carried out off-budget, distorting assessments of Nigeria’s fiscal stance and public investment ⁠levels, Ebeke told business executives in Lagos.

• "So far we think that there are about ​2% of GDP of expenditure that were not reported that should be reported and should be recorded, ​so that this statistical discrepancy will ‌disappear," said Ebeke.

• The lack of full reporting can also complicate coordination between fiscal and monetary policy, ⁠as policymakers may not have a clear picture of the true deficit, he added.

• Ebeke said Nigerian authorities have begun addressing the issue ⁠by repealing and revising recent budget laws to incorporate previously unrecorded spending, ​though updated implementation reports are still needed.

• He added that improving transparency is critical, noting that off-budget spending raises concerns about procurement processes and ‌oversight.

• In its latest Article IV review, the IMF praised Nigeria's sweeping reforms, saying they had ‌strengthened economic stability and investor confidence, but warned that the benefits ⁠had yet to reach millions ‌of citizens and ​could be undermined by global shocks, including the Middle East conflict.

(Reporting by MacDonald DzirutweEditing by Chijioke Ohuocha, ‌William Maclean)



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