Factbox-Major aspects of Trump's tax and spending megabill
The U.S. Capitol is seen through security fencing as Republican lawmakers struggle to pass U.S. President Donald Trump’s sweeping spending and tax bill, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., U.S., July 2, 2025. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque
By Andy Sullivan
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -The Republican-controlled Congress could soon give final approval to a sweeping tax and spending bill that incorporates many of President Donald Trump's top domestic priorities.
Here is a summary of the major elements of the legislation, which Trump hopes to sign into law by the July 4 Independence Day holiday:
TAXES
* Makes permanent the lower individual and business taxrates in Trump's 2017 tax cut package that are due to expire atthe end of the year * Creates new tax breaks until 2029 for tipped income,overtime pay, people over 65 and interest on domestic auto loans * Expands a tax break for state and local tax (SALT)payments from $10,000 to $40,000 until 2029 * Expands and makes permanent business tax breaks forequipment purchases, research and development costs and interestexpenses * Total tax revenue would be $4.5 trillion less over 10years, according to the Congressional Budget OfficeHEALTHCARE
* Establishes a work requirement for adult participants inthe Medicaid health plan for the poor * Excludes many non-citizens from Medicaid * Prohibits Medicaid funding for transgender transitionservices and organizations like Planned Parenthood that provideabortion services * Restricts "provider taxes" that some states use to boostfederal Medicaid payments * Includes $50 billion for rural hospitals to offset theimpact of the provider-tax clampdown * Changes would leave nearly 12 million more people withoutinsurance coverage, according to the CBOENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
* Eliminates incentives for electric vehicles, residentialsolar and battery systems, heat pumps, energy-efficientappliances and home efficiency upgrades * Expands oil and gas drilling in the Gulf of Mexico, Alaskaand other federal lands * Ends incentives for clean electricity and green energyproduction * Cuts funding for environmental enforcementIMMIGRATION
* Funds border wall construction * Increases staffing for immigration enforcement, bordercontrol, immigration courts * Increases detention capacity for immigration enforcement * Imposes fees of up to $5,000 for immigrant work permits,court hearings and other matters * Imposes a 1% tax on funds sent by immigrants to their homecountriesSTUDENT AID
* Tightens student loan repayment programs * Scales back some student loan programs * Limits the government's ability to cancel student debtFOOD ASSISTANCE
* Increases work requirements for some of the 41 millionparticipants in the SNAP food aid program * Shifts some costs from federal government to states * Bars some non-citizens from benefits * Reduces costs by $186 billionDEBT
* The bill would increase the $36.2 trillion U.S. governmentdebt by $3.4 trillion, according to the CBO * Includes a debt-ceiling increase of $5 trillionOTHER PROVISIONS
* Eliminates taxes on firearms silencers * Gives the government the power to strip tax-exempt statusfrom "terrorist supporting" organizations * Does not prohibit states from regulating artificialintelligence, as an earlier version of the bill did * Allows courts to require plaintiffs to post a bond whenthey sue to block government policies * Expands tax break for Native American whale hunters(Reporting by Andy SullivanEditing by Frances Kerry)
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