Form SD Kornit Digital Ltd.

  

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM SD

SPECIALIZED DISCLOSURE REPORT

 

 

Kornit Digital Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Israel		001-36903		Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Commission file number)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

  

12 Ha’Amal St., Afek Park, Rosh-Ha’Ayin		4809246
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

 

Alon Rozner, Chief Financial Officer, +97235148777

(Name and telephone number, including area code, of the person to contact in connection with this report)

 

Check the appropriate box to indicate the rule pursuant to which this form is being filed:

 

☒ Rule 13p-1 under the Securities Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13p-1) for the reporting period from January 1 to December 31, 2021.

 

 

 

Section 1- Conflict Minerals Disclosures

 

Item 1.01 Conflict Minerals Disclosure and Report

 

A copy of the Conflict Minerals Report of Kornit Digital Ltd. (the “Company”) is provided as Exhibit 1.01 to this Form SD and is publicly available at: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/

 

The foregoing website is referenced for general information only; the contents thereof are not incorporated by reference in this Form SD.

 

Item 1.02 Exhibit

 

The Company has filed its Conflict Minerals Report as Exhibit 1.01 hereto as required by Item 1.01 of Form SD.

 

Section 2 – Resource Extraction Issuer Disclosure

 

Item 2.01 Resource Extraction Issuer Disclosure and Report

 

Not applicable.

 

Section 3- Exhibits

 

Item 3.01 Exhibits

 

Exhibit 1.01 -

Conflict Minerals Report is attached per Section 1 of this Form.

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the duly authorized undersigned.

 

	Kornit Digital Ltd.
	(Registrant)
	By:	/s/ Alon Rozner
	Name:	Alon Rozner
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
	Date:	May 26, 2022

 

2

Exhibit 1.01

 

Conflict Minerals Report of Kornit Digital Ltd.

 

Introduction

 

Kornit Digital Ltd. (“Kornit,” “we,” the “Company” or “our company”) develops, designs and markets innovative digital printing solutions for the global printed textile industry, with a major focus on the fashion, apparel and home décor segments of the industry.

 

Our vision is to create a better world where everybody can bond, design and express their identities, one impression at a time.

 

Our mission is to revolutionize the fast-changing industry by facilitating and expediting the transition from analog processes that have not evolved for decades and are not fit for the rapidly changing business models and self-disruption needs of the industry, to digital methods of garment, apparel and home decor finished goods production and decoration that address the contemporary supply, demand, social and environmental needs of the industry in which we operate.

 

We focus on the rapidly growing high throughput, direct-to-garment, or DTG, and Direct-to-Fabric, or DTF, segments of the printed and decorated textile industry. Our solutions include our proprietary digital printing systems, ink and other consumables, associated software and value-added services that allow for quality and cost-effective large-scale printing of short runs of complex images and designs directly on finished garments and fabrics. Our solutions address the growing production gaps reflected in the need to shift to shorter runs, proximity production, proximity decoration, partial or full on-demand production, and microfactory models by enabling our customers to print and decorate high quality products in a time efficient, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner. This allows textile manufacturers to transition from their traditional business and operating models of supply based on demand predictions, to partial or full on demand or made-to-order models, by which decoration of fabric and production of finished goods only takes place once a customer order has been issued.

 

Our solutions are differentiated from other digital methods of production because they eliminate the need to pretreat fabrics prior to printing, thereby offering our customers the ability to digitally print high quality images and designs on a variety of fabrics in a streamlined and environmentally-friendly manner. When compared to analog methods of production, our solutions also significantly reduce production lead times and enable customers to more efficiently and cost-effectively produce smaller quantities of individually printed designs, thereby mitigating the risk of excess inventory, which is a significant challenge for the industry.

 

The success of evolving omni-channel apparel retail is dependent heavily on the ability to show a large variety of designs. Since it is more and more difficult to predict consumer preferences and demand, it is increasingly difficult to stock every possible design. Having digital capacity available allows printers, brands and retailers to offer unlimited design with minimal to no inventory risk. We believe we are well positioned to continue taking advantage of this trend.

 

Our DTG solutions utilize our patented wet-on-wet printing methodology that eliminates the common practice of separately coating and drying textiles prior to printing. This methodology also enables printing on a wide range of untreated natural, synthetic and man-made fabrics, including cotton, wool, polyester, lycra and denim. With throughputs ranging from 40 to 235 garments per hour, our entry level, industrial and mass production DTG solutions are suited to the needs of a variety of customers, from smaller industrial operators with limited budgets to mass producers with complex manufacturing requirements. Our patented NeoPigment ink and other consumables have been specially formulated to be compatible with our systems and overcome the quality-related challenges that pigment-based inks have traditionally faced when used in digital printing. Our software solutions simplify order to production workflows in the printing process, by offering a complete solution from web and traditional order intake through graphic job preparation and execution. We also offer customers maintenance and support services, as well as value-added services and application consulting, aimed at optimizing the number of impressions printed by our systems.

 

 

In April 2019, we also supplemented our original DTG printing technology with our Kornit NeoPoly Technology, which is our industry’s first digital, industrial process for high-quality printing on polyester, thereby opening the large sport and athleisure market to our digital printing solutions. The new Kornit NeoPoly Technology addresses existing challenges with a new process and ink set implemented in the Kornit NeoPigmentT process. Our new process handles polyester applications without having to compromise on design, run size, substrate or labor. The breakthrough technological innovation has been achieved by an innovative ink set and a physical and chemical process specifically developed for low temperature curing, and polyester-enhancing functionalities developed to maintain fabric characteristics and provide superior fastness. This unique process overcomes dye migration on polyester. The inks are Eco-Passport certified, and do not contain PVCs or any other toxic ingredients. The first system equipped with our Kornit NeoPoly Technology is the Kornit Avalanche Poly Pro, a member of our industrial platform, which became commercially available in April 2019.

 

Building on the expertise and capabilities that we have accumulated in developing and offering differentiated solutions for the industrial DTG market, we also market an industrial digital printing solution, the Kornit Presto, which targets the on-demand DTF market. While the DTG market generally involves printing on finished garments, the DTF market is focused on printing on fabrics that are subsequently converted into finished garments, home or office décor, and other items. The Kornit Presto (like our predecessor DTF product, the Kornit Allegro) utilizes our proprietary wet-on-wet printing methodology and houses an integrated curing system. It offers the sole (following its predecessor, the Allegro) single-step, eco-friendly, stand-alone industrial DTF digital textile printing solution available on the market. We primarily market the Kornit Presto to businesses seeking horizontal or vertical expansions into fabric decoration, such as innovative web-based businesses operating on-demand business models that require a high degree of variety and limited quantity orders, as well as to fabric converters, which source large quantities of fabric and convert untreated fabrics into finished materials to be sold to garment and home décor manufacturers, and to sustainable fashion producers seeking a competitive edge in today’s changing supply chains. We believe that with the Presto we are well positioned to take advantage of the growing trend towards customized fashion, home décor and on-demand fabric printing, with increased focus on sustainable production. We began selling the Presto commercially in the second quarter of 2019 (after having introduced our initial DTF digital textile printing solution, the Kornit Allegro, four years earlier, in the second quarter of 2015).

 

Kornit Digital Ltd. was founded in 2002 in Israel, shipped its first system in 2005 and, as of December 31, 2021, had approximately 1,200 active customers globally. As of December 31, 2021, we had 882 employees located primarily across four regions: Israel, America, Europe and Asia Pacific. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenues of $322 million, representing an increase of 66.6% over the prior fiscal year. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated 65.6% of our revenues from the Americas region, 24.4% from the Europe, Middle East and Asia (“EMEA”) region, 7.2% from the Asia Pacific region and 2.8% from other regions.

 

Conflict Mineral Rule Overview, Scope, and Covered Products:

 

Issuers that file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), must comply with Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which contains reporting requirements associated with conflict minerals that are necessary to the functionality or production of a product manufactured, or contracted to be manufactured, by an issuer. These reporting requirements are implemented by the SEC’s Rule 13p-1 under the Exchange Act (the “Rule”).

 

 

If a registrant cannot establish with absolute certainty that the necessary conflict minerals in its products originated from sources other than the Democratic Republic of the Congo (“DRC”) or an adjoining country (the “Covered Countries”), or originate solely from recycled and/or scrap sources, the registrant must submit a specialized disclosure report under Form SD that describes the steps that the registrant took to determine the origin, or likely origin, of the necessary conflict minerals in its products or in the manufacture of its products.

 

If a registrant has reason to believe that any of the conflict minerals in its mineral supply chain may have originated in the DRC and/or a Covered Country, or if the registrant is unable to determine the absolute country of origin of those conflict minerals, then the registrant must exercise due diligence on the conflict minerals’ source and chain of custody, and the registrant must annually submit a Conflict Minerals Report to the SEC that includes a description of those due diligence measures.

 

As an SEC-registered issuer that offers products that include tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold (“Conflict Minerals”) that are necessary for the production and/or functionality of those manufactured products, we are subject to this Rule. As part of our company’s desire to take responsibility for and concern ourselves with human rights issues, we decided to review our company’s supply chain according to the EU regulation’s guidance as well, and, based on that guidance, have included conflict-affected or high-risk areas (“CAHRAs”) when approaching suppliers for information. As such, we conduct due diligence on our minerals supply chain according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (2016) and related Supplements (the “OECD Due Diligence Guidance”). It should be noted that our company does not directly purchase or procure raw materials from the mine sites, as we are a downstream company. Instead, we (or our suppliers) purchase cassiterite, columbite-tantalite (coltan), wolframite, gold, or their derivatives, which presently are limited to tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (collectively “3TG”) - related materials, after processing by smelters or refiners.

 

Kornit is committed to responsible sourcing practices and ensuring that it does not benefit, directly or indirectly, from the propagation of armed conflict or human rights abuses in areas of conflict, such as the CAHARAs. The goal of the due diligence process is not to eliminate sourcing from the CAHARAs, but rather to ascertain, to our best possible knowledge and per the requirements of the Rule, the most reasonable country of origin of the necessary conflict minerals, which were necessary to the functionality or production of our products manufactured or contracted to manufacture in 2021, as detailed in the reasonable country of origin inquiry (“RCOI”) section below.

 

Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry (RCOI)

 

Kornit is committed to ethical practices and compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. We are committed to working with our customers and suppliers to responsibly source the materials and components that we use to manufacture our products that may contain the necessary conflict minerals.

 

In accordance with our Conflict Minerals Policy, which can be viewed at: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/, Kornit has concluded in good faith that during the 2021 calendar year, we have manufactured and contracted to manufacture products containing all four Conflict Minerals and have determined that the use of these minerals is necessary to the functionality or production of our products.

 

 

We performed an RCOI simultaneously with the due diligence phase through which we sought to determine whether the Conflict Minerals necessary for the functionality or production of our products did or did not receive a compliant or active designation from the Responsible Minerals Initiative’s (“RMI”) independent smelter and refiner validation program, i.e., the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”). This was conducted simultaneously due to the large number of applicable suppliers from which we source materials that we surveyed and the timeframe in which we needed to complete both the RCOI and due diligence efforts. Our RCOI employed several methods to assess whether the necessary Conflict Minerals in our products originated, or likely originated, from CAHRAs.

 

Based on the RCOI conducted, Kornit has reason to believe that a portion of the Conflict Minerals that are necessary for the functionality of its products originated, or likely originated, in the CAHRAs, and has reason to believe that those necessary Conflict Minerals may not be from entirely recycled or scrap sources. As part of our commitment to responsible sourcing, we do not seek to eliminate the sourcing of Conflict Minerals from the CAHRAs, but rather to source the necessary minerals from sources that do not directly or indirectly finance or benefit armed groups in those locations. Based on this result, we conducted due diligence activities and have detailed those efforts in this Conflict Minerals Report.

 

Due Diligence Design of Due Diligence

 

In accordance with the Rule and Form SD, we undertook due diligence to determine whether the Conflict Minerals necessary for the functionality or production of our products, which were manufactured, or contracted to manufacture in 2021, originated from smelters or refiners (“SoRs”) that have received a compliant or active designation from the RMI’s RMAP Third Party Audit program for smelters or refiners. We designed our due diligence measures to be in conformity, in all material respects, with the internationally recognized due diligence framework as set forth in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (OECD, 2016) (“OECD Framework”) and related supplements for Conflict Minerals.

 

The five steps defined in the OECD Due Diligence Guidance are: (1) establishment of strong internal company management systems; (2) identification and assessment of risks in the supply chain; (3) design and implementation of a strategy to respond to risks as they are identified; (4) carrying out independent third-party audits of smelters’ and refiners’ due diligence practices; and (5) reporting annually on supply chain due diligence.

 

Due Diligence Performed

 

The due diligence measures we undertook consisted primarily of:

 

a. Establishing strong company management systems - We reviewed and maintained our management systems that had been previously established through the following actions:

 

●

As part of our policy, Kornit strives to only use 3TG minerals from smelters or refiners that have been audited and verified as conflict-free compliant or active by the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”) and requires its suppliers to only source 3TG minerals from verified smelters or refiners. More information on our sourcing expectations of suppliers can be found in our Conflict Minerals Policy, which is available at the following link: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/.

 

●

Updated the Conflict Minerals Governance Charter to set the Conflict Minerals annual work plan including: our steps for compliance, objectives, timelines, internal management and cross functional team (such as supplier management, engineering, finance and legal) with identified roles and responsibilities, all to support supply chain due diligence.

 

 

●

Established a process whereby we engage with suppliers and refer them to training materials online, materials that include an overview of the relevant Conflict Minerals regulations and provide instructions on how to respond to the due diligence survey (that was based on the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template of at least version 6.01 or above).

 

●

Maintained a Conflict Minerals provision in our standard Terms and Conditions of Purchase to require suppliers to comply with our Conflict Minerals Policy and requirements.

 

●

Maintained a process whereby we communicate the due diligence efforts to customers, suppliers and other relevant functions in our organization, as applicable.

 

●

Maintained a grievance mechanism whereby concerns and violations of the Conflict Minerals Policy should be reported to Kornit’s Chief Financial Officer and/or Global Product Regulation and Sustainability Manager (at [email protected]).

 

●

Maintain relevant records for a minimum of five years.

 

b. Identified and assessed risks in the supply chain

 

As part of our risk-based approach, we have decided to focus on electronics suppliers and manufacturers. We assessed two primary risks in our supply chain: (1) the risk of not receiving timely and accurate information from the supplier; and (2) the risk of not being able to replace a supplier while trying to move towards the goal of responsibly sourcing all of the minerals and/or materials used in our products.

 

Based on this assessment method, we segmented our suppliers into three risk levels (high, medium and low). In order to allow us to invest our risk management efforts according to the supplier level of risk, we referred to Conflict Minerals-related risks based on supplier’s characteristics, such as: the volume of spending during 2021 and the extent to which we are dependent upon any particular supplier or, conversely, the availability of alternative suppliers.

 

We sent periodic reminders to any non-responsive suppliers to provide surveys or updated responses. We have identified, to the best of our efforts, the smelters/refiners in the supply chain by conducting a supply chain survey using the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template, or CMRT, version 6.01 and above, which requests suppliers and manufactures to identify smelters or refiners and the country of origin, or likely country of origin, of the conflict minerals in the products that they supply to us. In addition, we compared smelters or refiners identified in the supply chain survey against the list of facilities that have received a compliant or active designation from the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”), or other independent third-party audit programs. We documented the country of origin, or likely country of origin, information for the smelters or refiners identified in the supply chain survey as provided from the different sources, as reported in Annex 2.

 

c. Designed and implemented a strategy to respond to identified risks

 

The findings of the supply chain risk assessment and due diligence process are reported to designated members of our senior management team — our CFO, EVP Operation, General Counsel and ESG Director, Supply Chain Director and CEO, who are updated regarding major findings and/or red flags, as they arise. As part of our risk management strategy, we continue to conduct business with any flagged supplier while we investigate such supplier’s’ sourcing practices.

 

We contact suppliers whose responses are identified as incomplete, inconsistent or inaccurate. We also review supplier responses to track smelters or refiners in our supply chain that supply us with Conflict Minerals and have not received a compliant or active designation based on the RMI’s RMAP or other independent third party validation programs.

 

 

We referred suppliers to training materials online that included an overview of the Rule and instructions on how to complete the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template. We also sent follow up letters to unresponsive suppliers as well as those suppliers that declared the existence of Conflict Minerals in their supply chain from the CAHRAs from uncertified smelters or refiners, according to the RMI’s Standard Smelter List that provides an indication of all of the smelters or refiners that are conformant or active according to the RMAP audit. These are suppliers that we classify as high risk.

 

Our supply chain due diligence is a dynamic process and requires on-going risk monitoring. Therefore, after implementing our risk mitigation strategy, we repeat Step 2 of the OECD guidelines to ensure effective management of risks. We have established procedures for employees, stakeholders, direct suppliers, and customers to communicate concerns about our responsible sourcing policies.

 

d. Reviewed independent third-party audit of smelter/refiner due diligence practices

 

We are a downstream company and are multiple layers removed from the smelters or refiners that directly process the minerals and mineral ores that are essential to the production or functionality of our products, i.e., the necessary Conflict Minerals. Our constitution as a downstream company means that we do not directly perform audits of the smelters or refiners in its mineral supply chain. As a result, our due diligence efforts relied on reviewing information on the status of smelters or refiners participating in Third Party Audit programs and cross-industry initiatives, such as those led by the RMI’s RMAP.

 

e. Prepared an annual report on supply chain due diligence

 

Kornit’s Conflict Mineral Policy states that we will comply with Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act, which includes filing a Form SD and this Conflict Minerals report with the SEC annually and posting such report publicly on our website at:

https://ir.kornit.com/financial-information/sec-filings?items_per_page=10&page=2 . We have included such report on our website for the calendar year of 2021.

 

Results of Assessment

 

We conducted a supply-chain survey of the 264 direct suppliers and manufacturers that we identified as contributing the necessary conflict minerals to our products. Based on the survey, we are unable to determine with any level of certainty as to whether or not the Conflict Minerals used in our products may or may not have directly or indirectly financed armed groups in the CAHRAs. The overall response rate to our survey -- i.e., suppliers who delivered completed CMRTs-- was approximately 70.08%, (185 of 284 total suppliers), which responses contained the names and locations of smelters or refiners (see Annex 1) and the reasonable countries of origin see (Annex 2) that process Conflict Minerals. This response rate reflects an improvement relative to the response rate for the 2020 year (59.74%), evidencing an improved due diligence effort on our behalf in obtaining information from our suppliers and manufacturers as a means of mitigating the risk that the necessary Conflict Minerals in our products benefit armed groups.

 

Of this response rate (i.e., the 70.08% of suppliers that responded to the supply chain inquiry in 2021):

 

	●	3.78% suppliers were classified as “DRC conflict free” – (7 of 185 responding suppliers)

	●	12.97% suppliers were classified as “Free no 3TG” – (24 of 185 responding suppliers)

	●	9.19% suppliers were classified as “Undefined from DRC” – (17 of 185 responding suppliers)

	●	8.11% suppliers were classified as “Undetermined not from DRC”– (15 of 185 responding suppliers)

	●	65.41% suppliers were classified as “Undetermined from DRC” – (121 of 185 responding suppliers)

●

0.54% suppliers were classified as “Not from DRC” – (1 of 185 responding suppliers)

 

  

Status		2021				2020
Completed CMRT			70.08	%			59.74	%
DRC conflict free			3.78	%			3.90	%
Free no 3TG			12.97	%			19.35	%
Undefined from DRC			9.19	%			11.00	%
Undetermined not from DRC			8.11	%			5.53	%
Undetermined from DRC			65.41	%			60.22	%
Not from DRC			0.54	%			0.00	%

 

 

The terms above have the following meaning as part of our due diligence efforts:

 

●

“DRC conflict free” indicates the suppliers that reported that the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries, but the smelters or refiners are approved by the RMI RMAP Program (“Responsible Minerals Assurance Process”).

 

 

●

“Free no 3TG” indicates the suppliers that reported that Conflict Minerals are not contained in the product, nor are they necessary for the functionality or included in the production of the products provided to Kornit.

 

●

“Undefined from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate, or likely originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries. The smelters or refiners are not approved by the RMI’s RMAP.

 

●

“Undetermined not from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported the Conflict Minerals being used in the products do not originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries, but that they have not yet concluded their due diligence process so this determination could potentially change. Due diligence for these in scope suppliers will continue until the status changes or is confirmed.

 

●

“Undetermined from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported that the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate, or likely originate, in the DRC or the Covered Countries and the smelters or refiners are approved by the RMI RMAP program, but they have not yet concluded their due diligence process, so this determination can potentially change. Due diligence for these in-scope suppliers will continue until the status changes or is confirmed.

 

●

“Not from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported sourcing Conflict Minerals, but from countries other than the DRC or the Covered Countries.

 

We cannot assert with any level of certainty that our conclusions regarding the source, or likely source, and chain of custody of the necessary conflict minerals is accurate because we rely exclusively on information provided by our direct suppliers. In this regard, we have made reasonable inquiries in an effort to verify and assess the information provided based on the conclusions of an independent third-party audit program, i.e., the RMI’s RMAP validation program for smelters or refiners, or other relevant Third Party Audit bodies.

 

Despite the fact that some suppliers indicated that they source from the CAHRAs, these suppliers were unable to accurately report the specific smelters and/or refiners that were part of the supply chain for the components that were sold and which are necessary to the production and/or functionality of our products in 2021. Based on the lack of complete information from our suppliers, we are unable to determine with any level of certainty as to the complete list of facilities used to process those necessary Conflict Minerals, or their country of origin, and to conclude whether or not the Conflict Minerals used in our products may or may not have directly or indirectly financed armed groups in the CAHRAs. Our efforts to determine the mine(s) or location of origin included the use of the due diligence measures described above.

 

Smelters or refiners verified as conflict free or in the audit process:

 

Tin		57 of 75 (68.67%) - (51 compliant and 6 active smelters or refiners)
Tantalum		35 of 38 (92.11%) - (35 compliant and 0 active smelters or refiners)
Tungsten		46 of 51 (90.20%) - (42 compliant and 4 active smelters or refiners)
Gold		109 of 173 (61.27%) - (99 compliant and 7 active smelters or refiners)
Total		244 of 337 (72.40%) - (227 compliant and 17 active smelters or refiners)

 

 

 

 

Smelters or refiners: 2020-2021

 

Status			2021				2020
Verified Conflict Free			227 (67.36	%)			230 (74.67	%)
Participating in an audit process			17 (5.04	%)			11 (3.57	%)
Not Participating			93 (27.60	%)			67 (21.75	%)
Total			337 (100	%)			308 (100	%)

 

Additional Risk Factors

 

The statements above are based on the RCOI process and supply due diligence that we in good faith conducted for 2021. These statements are based on the information available at the time of the writing and publication of this report. A number of factors could introduce errors or otherwise may affect our conclusions.

 

These factors include, but are not limited to, gaps in product or product content information, gaps in supplier data, errors and/or omissions by suppliers, confusion over requirements of the Rule, gaps in supplier education and knowledge, lack of timeliness of data, public information not discovered through a reasonable search, errors in public data, language barriers and translation, supplier unfamiliarity with the Rule, conflict-area sourced materials declared secondary materials, companies that went out of business in 2021, and smuggling of Conflict Minerals to countries beyond the CAHRAs.

 

 

We do not collect information from our suppliers on a continuous and real-time basis. Instead, we only collect such information in the context of the CMRTs provided by the suppliers at the time of the publication of this report. We cannot be certain about our conclusions regarding the source and chain of custody of the necessary Conflict Minerals as such information comes from direct suppliers, though we do verify their declarations against the conclusions of independent third-party audit programs, such as the RMI’s RMAP program.

 

Continuous improvement efforts to mitigate risk

 

We will continue working with our global supply chain in an effort to achieve responsible sourcing and compliance with international regulations, including through the following actions:

 

●

Continue to conduct and report annually on supply chain due diligence for the applicable Conflict Minerals, as required by the Rule.

 

●

Work with suppliers that did not respond to our 2021 survey to help them understand the importance of this initiative to Kornit and to encourage their participation in the 2022 survey.

 

●

Attempt to validate supplier responses using information collected via independent, conflict-free smelter validation programs such as the Responsible Minerals Initiative’s (RMI) RMAP smelter or refiner validation program.

 

●

Send follow up letters to high-risk unresponsive suppliers, and to suppliers with Conflict Minerals from the DRC and the CAHRAs from uncertified smelters.

 

●

Continue to implement our CM policy.

 

●

Enhance use of tools for improved supplier responses.

 

●

Continue to include or attempt to include a conflict minerals flow-down clause in new or renewed supplier contracts.

 

●

Request suppliers to procure materials through validated smelters or refiners pursuant to the RMI or other approved resources and request suppliers to take mitigating actions in case they do not.

 

●

Establishing a Conflict Minerals company procedure.

 

 

Annex 1

 

Reported Names and Locations of Smelters or Refiners

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		8853 S.p.A.		ITALY
Gold		Abington Reldan Metals, LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Advanced Chemical Company		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		African Gold Refinery		UGANDA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Alexy Metals		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Allgemeine Gold-und Silberscheideanstalt A.G.		GERMANY
Gold		Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC)		UZBEKISTAN
Gold		Asahi Pretec Corp.		JAPAN
Gold		AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao		BRAZIL
Gold		AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao		BRAZIL
Gold		AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao		BRAZIL
Gold		Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Argor-Heraeus S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Asahi Pretec Corp.		JAPAN
Gold		Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.		CANADA
Gold		Asahi Refining USA Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.		TURKEY
Gold		Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.		TURKEY
Gold		AU Traders and Refiners		SOUTH AFRICA
Gold		Augmont Enterprises Private Limited		INDIA
Gold		Aurubis AG		GERMANY
Gold		Bangalore Refinery		INDIA
Gold		Bangalore Refinery		INDIA
Gold		Bangalore Refinery		INDIA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)		PHILIPPINES
Gold		Boliden AB		SWEDEN
Gold		C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG		GERMANY
Gold		C.I Metales Procesados Industriales SAS		COLOMBIA
Gold		Caridad		MEXICO
Gold		CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation		CANADA
Gold		CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation		CANADA
Gold		Cendres + Metaux S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Cendres + Metaux S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Cendres + Metaux S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)		PHILIPPINES
Gold		CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Chimet S.p.A.		ITALY
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Chugai Mining		JAPAN
Gold		Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		Dijllah Gold Refinery FZC		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		DSC (Do Sung Corporation)		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		DSC (Do Sung Corporation)		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		TSK Pretech		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		DSC (Do Sung Corporation)		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. East Plant		JAPAN
Gold		Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. North Plant		JAPAN
Gold		Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. West Plant		JAPAN
Gold		JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 1)		INDIA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 2)		INDIA
Gold		Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 3)		INDIA
Gold		Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 4)		INDIA
Gold		Emirates Gold DMCC		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Fidelity Printers and Refiners Ltd.		ZIMBABWE
Gold		JSC Novosibirsk Refinery		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Fujairah Gold FZC		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Geib Refining Corporation		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Gold Coast Refinery		GHANA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM		CHINA
Gold		Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM		CHINA
Gold		Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited		CHINA
Gold		Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited		CHINA
Gold		GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		LT Metal Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Heimerle + Meule GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Heraeus Germany GmbH Co. KG		GERMANY
Gold		Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Heraeus Germany GmbH Co. KG		GERMANY
Gold		Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		HwaSeong CJ CO., LTD.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

 

  

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Industrial Refining Company		BELGIUM
Gold		Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		International Precious Metal Refiners		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Istanbul Gold Refinery		TURKEY
Gold		Italpreziosi		ITALY
Gold		JALAN & Company		INDIA
Gold		Japan Mint		JAPAN
Gold		Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.		CANADA
Gold		Asahi Refining USA Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Asahi Refining USA Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.		CANADA
Gold		JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		JSC Novosibirsk Refinery		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		JSC Uralelectromed		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		K.A. Rasmussen		NORWAY
Gold		Kaloti Precious Metals		UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold		Kazakhmys Smelting LLC		KAZAKHSTAN
Gold		Kazzinc		KAZAKHSTAN
Gold		Kennecott Utah Copper LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna		POLAND
Gold		KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna		POLAND
Gold		KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna		POLAND
Gold		Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna		POLAND
Gold		Korea Zinc Co., Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Dowa		JAPAN
Gold		Kennecott Utah Copper LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Kundan Care Products Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Kyrgyzaltyn JSC		KYRGYZSTAN
Gold		Kyshtym Copper-Electrolytic Plant ZAO		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Caridad		MEXICO

 

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		L’azurde Company For Jewelry		SAUDI ARABIA
Gold		Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		L’Orfebre S.A.		ANDORRA
Gold		LS-NIKKO Copper Inc.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		LT Metal Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Marsam Metals		BRAZIL
Gold		Materion		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		MD Overseas		INDIA
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Metal Concentrators SA (Pty) Ltd.		SOUTH AFRICA
Gold		Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.		MEXICO
Gold		Metallix Refining Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining		BELGIUM
Gold		Metalor Technologies S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd.		SINGAPORE
Gold		Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Metalor Technologies S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Metalor USA Refining Corporation		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.		MEXICO
Gold		Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.		MEXICO
Gold		Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.		MEXICO
Gold		Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.		MEXICO
Gold		Mitsubishi Materials Corporation		JAPAN
Gold		Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		MMTC-PAMP India Pvt., Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Modeltech Sdn Bhd		MALAYSIA
Gold		Morris and Watson		NEW ZEALAND
Gold		Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S.		TURKEY
Gold		Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S.		TURKEY

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat		UZBEKISTAN
Gold		NH Recytech Company		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Nihon Material Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Aurubis AG		GERMANY
Gold		Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH		AUSTRIA
Gold		Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH		AUSTRIA
Gold		Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		OJSC “The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant” (OJSC Krastsvetmet)		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		OJSC “The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant” (OJSC Krastsvetmet)		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		JSC Novosibirsk Refinery		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		PAMP S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Pease & Curren		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Planta Recuperadora de Metales SpA		CHILE
Gold		Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		PAMP S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk		INDONESIA
Gold		PX Precinox S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		PX Precinox S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		QG Refining, LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd.		SOUTH AFRICA
Gold		LS-NIKKO Copper Inc.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Refinery of Seemine Gold Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		REMONDIS PMR B.V.		NETHERLANDS
Gold		REMONDIS PMR B.V.		NETHERLANDS
Gold		Royal Canadian Mint		CANADA
Gold		SAAMP		FRANCE
Gold		Sabin Metal Corp.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Safimet S.p.A		ITALY
Gold		SAFINA A.S.		CZECHIA
Gold		JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Sai Refinery		INDIA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Samduck Precious Metals		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Samduck Precious Metals		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Samwon Metals Corp.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Sancus ZFS (L’Orfebre, SA)		COLOMBIA
Gold		SAXONIA Edelmetalle GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		Samduck Precious Metals		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Sellem Industries Ltd.		MAURITANIA
Gold		SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.		SPAIN
Gold		SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.		SPAIN
Gold		SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.		SPAIN
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shenzhen Zhonghenglong Real Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shirpur Gold Refinery Ltd.		INDIA
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Singway Technology Co., Ltd.		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold		Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold		Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold		Sovereign Metals		INDIA
Gold		State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology		LITHUANIA
Gold		Sudan Gold Refinery		SUDAN
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		T.C.A S.p.A		ITALY
Gold		Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.		JAPAN
Gold		Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM		CHINA
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Industrial Refining Company		BELGIUM
Gold		TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn		KAZAKHSTAN
Gold		Torecom		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		TSK Pretech		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold		Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining		BELGIUM
Gold		Umicore Precious Metals Thailand		THAILAND
Gold		Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining		BELGIUM
Gold		United Precious Metal Refining, Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		Valcambi S.A.		SWITZERLAND
Gold		Value Trading		BELGIUM
Gold		WEEEREFINING		FRANCE

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Gold		Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)		AUSTRALIA
Gold		WIELAND Edelmetalle GmbH		GERMANY
Gold		Materion		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold		CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation		CANADA
Gold		Yamakin Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Yamakin Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Yamakin Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Yamakin Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Gold		Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation		CHINA
Gold		Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold		Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Gold
Gold		Unknown		Unknown
Tantalum		Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		D Block Metals, LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum		Exotech Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum		F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		FIR Metals & Resource Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Global Advanced Metals Aizu		JAPAN
Tantalum		Global Advanced Metals Boyertown		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tantalum		XIMEI RESOURCES (GUANGDONG) LIMITED		CHINA
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Co., Ltd.		THAILAND
Tantalum		H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH		GERMANY
Tantalum		H.C. Starck Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG		GERMANY
Tantalum		TANIOBIS GmbH		GERMANY
Tantalum		Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Jiangxi Tuohong New Raw Material		CHINA
Tantalum		JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		KEMET de Mexico		MEXICO
Tantalum		KEMET de Mexico		MEXICO
Tantalum		LSM Brasil S.A.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Meta Materials		NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum		Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd.		INDIA
Tantalum		Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd.		INDIA
Tantalum		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		NPM Silmet AS		ESTONIA
Tantalum		Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		NPM Silmet AS		ESTONIA
Tantalum		Meta Materials		NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum		Meta Materials		NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum		Meta Materials		NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum		QuantumClean		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tantalum		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tantalum		Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum		Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum		Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum		Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Co., Ltd.		THAILAND
Tantalum		TANIOBIS GmbH		GERMANY
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG		GERMANY
Tantalum		Telex Metals		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum		Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC		KAZAKHSTAN
Tantalum		Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC		KAZAKHSTAN
Tantalum		XIMEI RESOURCES (GUANGDONG) LIMITED		CHINA
Tantalum		XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Yancheng Jinye New Material Technology Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tantalum		TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tantalum
Tantalum		Unknown		Unknown
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company		VIET NAM
Tin		PT Refined Bangka Tin		INDONESIA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		CHINA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tin		Chifeng Dajingzi Tin Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Alpha		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		CRM Fundicao De Metais E Comercio De Equipamentos Eletronicos Do Brasil Ltda		BRAZIL
Tin		CRM Fundicao De Metais E Comercio De Equipamentos Eletronicos Do Brasil Ltda		BRAZIL
Tin		CRM Synergies		SPAIN
Tin		CV Ayi Jaya		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Aries Kencana Sejahtera		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Rajehan Ariq		INDONESIA
Tin		CV Venus Inti Perkasa		INDONESIA
Tin		Dongguan CiEXPO Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Dowa		JAPAN
Tin		Dowa		JAPAN
Tin		Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company		VIET NAM
Tin		EM Vinto		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		EM Vinto		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		EM Vinto		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		EM Vinto		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		Estanho de Rondonia S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		Estanho de Rondonia S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Fenix Metals		POLAND
Tin		Minsur		PERU
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Fengming Metallurgy Chemical Plant		CHINA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tin		Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Guangdong Hanhe Non-Ferrous Metal Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		HuiChang Hill Tin Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Mentok		INDONESIA
Tin		Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC		CHINA
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Kundur		INDONESIA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Luna Smelter, Ltd.		RWANDA
Tin		Ma’anshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Magnu’s Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC)		MALAYSIA
Tin		Melt Metais e Ligas S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Mentok		INDONESIA
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Metallic Resources, Inc.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Metallo Belgium N.V.		BELGIUM
Tin		Metallo Spain S.L.U.		SPAIN
Tin		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC		VIET NAM
Tin		Minsur		PERU
Tin		Mitsubishi Materials Corporation		JAPAN
Tin		Modeltech Sdn Bhd		MALAYSIA
Tin		Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC)		MALAYSIA
Tin		Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.		CHINA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tin		Nghe Tinh Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company		VIET NAM
Tin		Novosibirsk Processing Plant Ltd.		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tin		O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.		THAILAND
Tin		O.M. Manufacturing Philippines, Inc.		PHILIPPINES
Tin		Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin		Pongpipat Company Limited		MYANMAR
Tin		Precious Minerals and Smelting Limited		INDIA
Tin		PT Aries Kencana Sejahtera		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Artha Cipta Langgeng		INDONESIA
Tin		PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Babel Surya Alam Lestari		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Bangka Serumpun		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Lautan Harmonis Sejahtera		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Menara Cipta Mulia		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Mitra Stania Prima		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Mitra Sukses Globalindo		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Prima Timah Utama		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Rajawali Rimba Perkasa		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Rajehan Ariq		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Refined Bangka Tin		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Stanindo Inti Perkasa		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Kundur		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Timah Nusantara		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Kundur		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Mentok		INDONESIA
Tin		PT Tinindo Inter Nusa		INDONESIA
Tin		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Rui Da Hung		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Soft Metais Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		Super Ligas		BRAZIL
Tin		Thai Nguyen Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		VIET NAM
Tin		Thaisarco		THAILAND

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tin		Thaisarco		THAILAND
Tin		Thaisarco		THAILAND
Tin		Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Tin Technology & Refining		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin		Mineracao Taboca S.A.		BRAZIL
Tin		Tuyen Quang Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company		VIET NAM
Tin		PT Timah Tbk Kundur		INDONESIA
Tin		VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC		VIET NAM
Tin		White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.		BRAZIL
Tin		China Tin Group Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Yunfan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin		Yunnan Tin Company Limited		CHINA
Tin		Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tin
Tin		Unknown		Unknown
Tungsten		A.L.M.T. Corp.		JAPAN
Tungsten		A.L.M.T. Corp.		JAPAN
Tungsten		ACL Metais Eireli		BRAZIL
Tungsten		Albasteel Industria e Comercio de Ligas Para Fundicao Ltd.		BRAZIL
Tungsten		A.L.M.T. Corp.		JAPAN
Tungsten		A.L.M.T. Corp.		JAPAN

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tungsten		A.L.M.T. Corp.		JAPAN
Tungsten		Artek LLC		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Asia Tungsten Products Vietnam Ltd.		VIET NAM
Tungsten		Kennametal Huntsville		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		Kennametal Huntsville		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Cronimet Brasil Ltda		BRAZIL
Tungsten		Fujian Ganmin RareMetal Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Fujian Xinlu Tungsten		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Haichuang Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		GEM Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG		GERMANY
Tungsten		H.C. Starck Tungsten GmbH		GERMANY
Tungsten		Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hunan Litian Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Hydrometallurg, JSC		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Japan New Metals Co., Ltd.		JAPAN
Tungsten		Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA

 

 

Metal		Smelter Name		Country
Tungsten		Jiangxi Minmetals Gao’an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		JSC “Kirovgrad Hard Alloys Plant”		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Kennametal Fallon		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		Kennametal Huntsville		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		KGETS Co., Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Tungsten		Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd.		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Tungsten		Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Masan High-Tech Materials		VIET NAM
Tungsten		Masan High-Tech Materials		VIET NAM
Tungsten		Moliren Ltd.		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Niagara Refining LLC		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten		NPP Tyazhmetprom LLC		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Masan High-Tech Materials		VIET NAM
Tungsten		OOO “Technolom” 1		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		OOO “Technolom” 2		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Philippine Chuangxin Industrial Co., Inc.		PHILIPPINES
Tungsten		TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG		GERMANY
Tungsten		Unecha Refractory metals plant		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten		Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG		AUSTRIA
Tungsten		Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG		AUSTRIA
Tungsten		Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG		AUSTRIA
Tungsten		Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG		AUSTRIA
Tungsten		Woltech Korea Co., Ltd.		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Tungsten		Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Xinfeng Huarui Tungsten & Molybdenum New Material Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten		China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.		CHINA
Tungsten
Tungsten		Unknown		Unknown

 

 

Annex 2

 

Reported Country of Origin

 

Gold		Tantalum		Tin		Tungsten
ANDORRA		BRAZIL		BELGIUM		AUSTRIA
AUSTRALIA		CHINA		BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)		BRAZIL
AUSTRIA		ESTONIA		BRAZIL		CHINA
BELGIUM		GERMANY		CHINA		GERMANY
BRAZIL		INDIA		INDIA		JAPAN
CANADA		JAPAN		INDONESIA		KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
CHILE		KAZAKHSTAN		JAPAN		PHILIPPINES
CHINA		MEXICO		MALAYSIA		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
COLOMBIA		NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF		MYANMAR		TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
CZECHIA		RUSSIAN FEDERATION		PERU		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
FRANCE		THAILAND		PHILIPPINES		Unknown
GERMANY		UNITED STATES OF AMERICA		POLAND		VIET NAM
GHANA		Unknown		RUSSIAN FEDERATION
INDIA				RWANDA
INDONESIA				SPAIN
ITALY				TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
JAPAN				THAILAND
KAZAKHSTAN				UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF				Unknown
KYRGYZSTAN				VIET NAM
LITHUANIA
MALAYSIA
MAURITANIA
MEXICO
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND
NORWAY
PHILIPPINES
POLAND
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SAUDI ARABIA
SINGAPORE
SOUTH AFRICA
SPAIN
SUDAN
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
THAILAND
TURKEY
UGANDA
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Unknown
UZBEKISTAN
ZIMBABWE

 

28

 

 

 

 

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