Form N-CSR Putnam ETF Trust For: Aug 31

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October 26, 2021 3:27 PM EDT

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	UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


	Washington, D.C. 20549


	FORM N-CSR


	CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES


	Investment Company Act file number:	(811-23643)


	Exact name of registrant as specified in charter:	Putnam ETF Trust


	Address of principal executive offices:	100 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110


	Name and address of agent for service:	Stephen Tate, Vice President 100 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110


	Copy to:	Stephanie A. Capistron, Esq. Dechert LLP One International Place, 40^th Floor 100 Oliver Street Boston, MA 02110-2605


	Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:	(617) 292-1000


	Date of fiscal year end:	August 31, 2021


	Date of reporting period:	May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) – August 31, 2021


	Item 1. Report to Stockholders:


	The following is a copy of the report transmitted to stockholders pursuant to Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940:

Putnam
Sustainable Leaders
ETF

Annual report
8 | 31 | 21


Message from the Trustees	1
Interview with your fund’s portfolio managers	3
Your fund’s performance	7
Your fund’s expenses	8
Consider these risks before investing	10
Terms and definitions	11
Other information for shareholders	12
Trustee approval of management contract	13
Audited financial statements	14
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	15
Federal tax information	28
About the Trustees	29
Officers	30

Message from the Trustees

October 12, 2021

Dear Shareholder:

As the season changes to autumn, U.S. financial markets continue to perform well. Impressive corporate earnings have helped stock prices this year. In the broader economy, interest rates could move higher as the Federal Reserve weighs reducing policy support. Congress is considering lifting tax rates, and the Covid-19 pandemic persists.

Amid such uncertainties, well-managed companies adapt, and may offer attractive investment potential. Putnam’s research teams, practicing their active discipline, continue to focus on positioning your fund in companies with prospects to perform whether market conditions are friendly or otherwise.

Thank you for investing with Putnam.

Data are historical. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Share price, principal value, and return will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance of fund shares assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. Fund returns in the bar chart are at net asset value. See below and pages 7–8 for additional performance information, including fund returns at market price. Index results should be compared with fund performance at net asset value. The short-term results of a relatively new fund are not necessarily indicative of its long-term prospects. To obtain the most recent month-end performance, call 1-833-228-5577 toll free.

Lipper peer group average provided by Lipper, a Refinitiv company.

This comparison shows your fund’s performance in the context of broad market indexes for the period from fund inception on 5/25/21 to 8/31/21. See above and pages 7–8 for additional fund performance information. Index descriptions can be found on page 11.

All Bloomberg indices provided by Bloomberg Index Services Limited.

2 Sustainable Leaders ETF

How were conditions for stock market investors during the reporting period?

STEPHANIE For this abbreviated reporting period — from the fund’s commencement of operations on May 25, 2021, through August 31, 2021 — stocks overall delivered positive returns. Markets experienced volatility at times due to concerns about rising inflation and the spread of the Delta variant of Covid-19. However, U.S. growth stocks appreciated thanks to positive economic data and strong second-quarter 2021 earnings results from businesses.

How did the fund perform for the reporting period?

KATHERINE The fund returned 9.76% for the reporting period, outperforming its benchmark, the S&P 500 Index, which returned 8.39%.

What were some holdings that contributed to performance?

KATHERINE DocuSign was a top contributor for the period. Demand remained very strong for the company’s e-signature product and its broader platform of “agreement cloud” products. This drove billings, revenue, and free cash flow beyond analyst expectations.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 3

Allocations are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets as of 8/31/21. Cash and net other assets, if any, represent the market value weights of cash, derivatives, short-term securities, and other unclassified assets in the portfolio. Summary information may differ from the portfolio schedule included in the financial statements due to the inclusion of derivative securities, any interest accruals, the exclusion of as-of trades, if any, the use of different classifications of securities for presentation purposes, and rounding. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.

This table shows the fund’s top 10 holdings by percentage of the fund’s net assets as of 8/31/21. Short-term investments and derivatives, if any, are excluded. Holdings may vary over time.

4 Sustainable Leaders ETF

STEPHANIE Another portfolio highlight was Danaher, a diversified healthcare company that reported better-than-expected earnings and revenue growth. Danaher benefited from an acceleration in its core business related to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The company also made a strategic acquisition in a key growth area of life sciences, which was helpful for both organic growth and earnings.

Could you discuss some holdings that detracted from performance during the period?

KATHERINE Fidelity National Information Services [FIS] was a detractor despite the company’s growing revenues and earnings. This was likely due to investor concerns about increasing competition. FIS competes with several smaller financial technology companies that are growing faster than legacy merchant acquirers like FIS. We continued to hold FIS at period-end. We believe its valuation is reasonable and that FIS can continue to grow alongside smaller competitors in a very large and fragmented market.

STEPHANIE Stanley Black & Decker was also a detractor, as value stocks underperformed growth stocks. Investors began to worry about a slowdown in spending on home improvement and the impact of input cost inflation on the company’s margins. We continued to hold this stock at the end of the period. We believe its valuation is reasonable and that the company has merger-and-acquisition opportunities that could boost its earnings growth.

ADVANTAGES OF AN ACTIVE ETF

This ETF (exchange-traded fund) is an actively managed, semitransparent ETF, making it different from a passive ETF or a traditional active ETF. As a semitransparent ETF, it does not disclose all of the portfolio holdings on a daily basis. Instead, the fund discloses a daily tracking basket, which helps to protect information about portfolio holdings and their weightings from traders who might try to mimic the trades of the portfolio managers.

Active ETFs may be one of the most cost-effective ways for you to take advantage of active management strategies. They offer:

• Potential for outperformance: Active strategies pursue above-benchmark returns through investment research and portfolio positioning.

• Active risk management: Proactive research helps to identify better risk-reward potential and seeks to reduce unintended risk.

• Professional oversight: Experienced portfolio managers help active ETFs balance risk and return while delivering the ETF’s structural benefits.

As the fund begins its first full fiscal year, what is your outlook and how are you positioning the portfolio?

KATHERINE The complexities of the past 20 months have brought tremendous challenges for individuals and society. One important observation about those challenges is that investors have come to understand how so many of our social, economic, climate, and health-related issues are intertwined. As a result, many companies are taking a more systemic and holistic view of how their businesses fit into all these bigger systems. Now more than ever, we believe sustainable companies could prove to be more financially resilient and more beneficial than others over the long term, creating meaningful value.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 5

Our portfolio invests in companies that have demonstrated leadership in the sustainability issues that are financially material to their businesses. Our investment thesis is that companies that exhibit this type of commitment also often demonstrate potential for strong long-term financial performance. The stocks of these companies are typically, but not always, considered to be growth stocks, and often are large cap in size. Some examples of areas where a company might demonstrate leadership include clean and efficient materials use, reductions in environmental intensity, or improvements in workplace equality and diversity.

Thank you, Katherine and Stephanie, for your time and insights today.

The views expressed in this report are exclusively those of Putnam Management and are subject to change. They are not meant as investment advice.

Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future. Current and future portfolio holdings are subject to risk. Statements in the Q&A concerning the fund’s performance or portfolio composition relative to those of the fund’s Lipper peer group may reference information produced by Lipper Inc. or through a third party.

6 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Your fund’s performance

This section shows your fund’s performance, price, and distribution information for the period from May 25, 2021 (commencement of fund operations), through August 31, 2021, the end of its fiscal year. We also include performance information as of the most recent calendar quarter-end. Performance should always be considered in light of a fund’s investment strategy. Data represent past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return, net asset value, and market price will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. For the most recent month-end performance, please visit putnam.com or call 1-833-228-5577.

Fund performance Total return for the period ended 8/31/21


	Life of fund
	(since 5/25/21)
Net asset value	9.76%
Market price	9.80

Performance assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. The short-term results of a relatively new fund are not necessarily indicative of its long-term prospects.

Performance includes the deduction of management fees.

Comparative index returns For the period ended 8/31/21


	Life of fund
	(since 5/25/21)
S&P 500 Index	8.39%
Lipper Multi-Cap Growth Funds category average^*	11.78

Index and Lipper results should be compared with fund performance at net asset value.

Lipper peer group average provided by Lipper, a Refinitiv company.

^*Over the life-of-fund period ended 8/31/21, there were 510 funds in this Lipper category.

Past performance does not indicate future results.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 7

Fund price and distribution information For the period ended 8/31/21


Share value	Net asset value	Market price
5/25/21^*	$25.00	$25.00
8/31/21	27.44	27.45

The classification of distributions, if any, is an estimate. Final distribution information will appear on your year-end tax forms.

The fund made no distributions during the period.

^*Inception date of the ETF.

Fund performance as of most recent calendar quarter Total return for the period ended 9/30/21


	Life of fund
	(since 5/25/21)
Net asset value	3.64%
Market price	3.76

See the discussion following the fund performance table on page 7 for information about the calculation of fund performance.

Your fund’s expenses

As an investor, you pay ongoing expenses, such as management fees and other expenses (with certain exceptions). Using the following information, you can estimate how these expenses affect your investment and compare them with the expenses of other funds. You may also pay brokerage commissions in connection with your purchase or sale of shares of the fund, which are not shown in this section and would have resulted in higher total expenses. The expenses shown in the example also do not reflect transaction costs, which would have resulted in higher total expenses. For more information, see your fund’s prospectus or talk to your financial representative.

Expense ratios


Estimated total annual operating expenses for the fiscal year ended 8/31/21^*	0.59%
Annualized expense ratio for the period from 5/25/21 (commencement of operations)
to 8/31/21^†	0.59%

Estimated fiscal year expense information in this table is taken from the most recent prospectus, is subject to change, and may differ from that shown for the annualized expense ratio and in the financial highlights of this report.

Expenses are shown as a percentage of average net assets.

^*Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

^†Expense ratio is for the fund’s most recent fiscal period. As a result of this, the ratio may differ from the expense ratio in the financial highlights.

8 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Expenses per $1,000

The following table shows the expenses you would have paid on a $1,000 investment from 5/25/21 (commencement of operations) to 8/31/21. It also shows how much a $1,000 investment would be worth at the close of the period, assuming actual returns and expenses.


Expenses paid per $1,000^*†	$1.68
Ending value (after expenses)	$1,097.60

^*Expenses are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the period from 5/25/21 (commencement of operations) to 8/31/21.

^†Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period (99); and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year (365).

Estimate the expenses you paid

To estimate the ongoing expenses you paid for the period from 5/25/21 (commencement of operations) to 8/31/21, use the following calculation method.

Compare expenses using the SEC’s method

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has established guidelines to help investors assess fund expenses. Per these guidelines, the following table shows your fund’s expenses based on a $1,000 investment, assuming a hypothetical 5% annualized return. You can use this information to compare the ongoing expenses (but not transaction expenses or total costs) of investing in the fund with those of other funds. All shareholder reports will provide this information to help you make this comparison. Please note that you cannot use this information to estimate your actual ending account balance and expenses paid during the period.


Expenses paid per $1,000^*†	$3.01
Ending value (after expenses)	$1,022.23

^†Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the six-month period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the six-month period (184); and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year (365).

Sustainable Leaders ETF 9

Consider these risks before investing

The value of investments in the fund’s portfolio may fall or fail to rise over extended periods of time for a variety of reasons, including general economic, political, or financial market conditions; investor sentiment and market perceptions; government actions; geopolitical events or changes; and factors related to a specific issuer, geography, industry, or sector. These and other factors may lead to increased volatility and reduced liquidity in the fund’s portfolio holdings. Growth stocks may be more susceptible to earnings disappointments and the market may not favor growth-style investing. Investments in small and midsize companies increase the risk of greater price fluctuations.

From time to time, the fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in companies in one or more related industries or sectors, which would make the fund more vulnerable to adverse developments affecting those companies, industries, or sectors. International investing involves currency, economic, and political risks. Investing with a focus on companies whose products and services produce positive environmental, social, and economic development impact may result in the fund investing in certain types of companies, industries, or sectors that underperform the market as a whole. In evaluating an investment opportunity, we may make investment decisions based on information and data that is incomplete or inaccurate. Due to changes in the products or services of the companies in which the fund invests, the fund may temporarily hold securities that are inconsistent with its sustainable investment criteria.

Our investment techniques, analyses, and judgments may not produce the outcome we intend. The investments we select for the fund may not perform as well as other securities that we do not select for the fund. We, or the fund’s other service providers, may experience disruptions or operating errors that could have a negative effect on the fund. You can lose money by investing in the fund.

10 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Terms and definitions

Important terms

Total return shows how the value of the fund’s shares changed over time, assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all distributions in the fund.

Net asset value (NAV) is the value of all your fund’s assets, minus any liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares.

Market price is the current trading price of one share of the fund. Market prices are set by transactions between buyers and sellers on exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange.

Comparative indexes

Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index of U.S. investment-grade fixed-income securities.

ICE BofA (Intercontinental Exchange Bank of America) U.S. 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace.

S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stock performance.

Indexes assume reinvestment of all distributions and do not account for fees. Securities and performance of a fund and an index will differ. You cannot invest directly in an index.

BLOOMBERG^® is a trademark and service mark of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates (collectively “Bloomberg”). Bloomberg or Bloomberg’s licensors own all proprietary rights in the Bloomberg Indices. Neither Bloomberg nor Bloomberg’s licensors approve or endorse this material, or guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, or make any warranty, express or implied, as to the results to be obtained therefrom, and to the maximum extent allowed by law, neither shall have any liability or responsibility for injury or damages arising in connection therewith.

ICE Data Indices, LLC (“ICE BofA”), used with permission. ICE BofA permits use of the ICE BofA indices and related data on an “as is” basis; makes no warranties regarding same; does not guarantee the suitability, quality, accuracy, timeliness, and/or completeness of the ICE BofA indices or any data included in, related to, or derived therefrom; assumes no liability in connection with the use of the foregoing; and does not sponsor, endorse, or recommend Putnam Investments, or any of its products or services.

Lipper, a Refinitiv company, is a third-party industry-ranking entity that ranks funds. Its rankings do not reflect sales charges. Lipper rankings are based on total return at net asset value relative to other funds that have similar current investment styles or objectives as determined by Lipper. Lipper may change a fund’s category assignment at its discretion. Lipper category averages reflect performance trends for funds within a category.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 11

Other information for shareholders

Proxy voting

Putnam is committed to managing our funds in the best interests of our shareholders. Putnam ETF proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the period ended June 30, 2021, are available at putnam.com under the About Putnam section and on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) website, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

Fund portfolio holdings

The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-PORT within 60 days of the end of such fiscal quarter. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Form N-PORT on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

12 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Trustee approval of management contract

General conclusions

In April 2021, the Putnam ETF Trust’s (the “Trust”) Board of Trustees, which oversees the management of each Putnam exchange-traded fund, approved your fund’s management contract with Putnam Investment Management, LLC (“Putnam Management”) and the sub-management contract with respect to your fund between Putnam Management and its affiliate, Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”).

The Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” (as this term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended) of the Trust (“Independent Trustees”) requested and evaluated all information they deemed reasonably necessary under the circumstances in connection with their approval of your fund’s management contract and sub-management contract. In March and April 2021, the Independent Trustees met with representatives of Putnam Management, and separately in executive session, to consider the information that Putnam Management had provided and other information developed with the assistance of their independent counsel.

On April 20, 2021, the Board, including the Independent Trustees, approved the initial execution of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts. (Because PIL is an affiliate of Putnam Management and Putnam Management remains fully responsible for all services provided by PIL, the Trustees have not attempted to evaluate PIL as a separate entity, and all subsequent references to Putnam Management below should be deemed to include reference to PIL as necessary or appropriate in the context.) The Independent Trustees’ approval was based on the following conclusions: • That the proposed fee schedule for your fund would represent reasonable compensation in light of the nature and quality of the services to be provided to the fund and the fees paid by competitive funds; and • That the proposed fee schedule would represent an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of such economies of scale as may exist in the management of the fund at anticipated future asset levels.

These conclusions were based on a comprehensive consideration of all information provided to the Trustees and were not the result of any single factor. Some of the factors that figured particularly in the Trustees’ deliberations and how the Trustees considered these factors are described below, although individual Trustees may have evaluated the information presented differently, giving different weights to various factors.

Management fee schedules and total expenses

Your fund has an all-inclusive management fee that covers all of the other expenses of the fund with limited exceptions. The Independent Trustees considered the benefits to your fund of the greater predictability in expenses that the all-inclusive management fee provides.

The Trustees considered the proposed management fee for your fund in light of the fund’s proposed investment program. The Trustees also focused on the competitiveness of your fund’s management fee and projected total expense ratio in comparison to comparable Putnam mutual funds and to market competitors.

The information examined by the Trustees in connection with their contract review for your fund also included information regarding fees charged by Putnam Management to certain of its clients other than comparable Putnam mutual funds. The Trustees did not rely on these comparisons to any significant extent in concluding that the management fees paid by your fund are reasonable.

Investment performance

Because your fund was not yet operational, the Trustees were not able to consider your fund’s performance before their initial approval of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts.

Brokerage and soft-dollar allocations

The Trustees considered various potential benefits that Putnam Management may receive in connection with the services it provides under the management contract with your fund. These include benefits related to brokerage allocation and the use of soft dollars, whereby a portion of the commissions paid by the fund for brokerage may be used to acquire research services that are expected to be useful to Putnam Management in managing the assets of the fund and of other clients.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 13

Audited financial statements

These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, preceded by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, constitute the fund’s audited financial statements.

The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and diversification.

Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are determined. All investment and non-investment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share.

Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal period.

Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were earned.

Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlights table also includes the current reporting period.

14 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Trustees of Putnam ETF Trust and Shareholders of
Putnam Sustainable Leaders ETF:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the fund’s portfolio, of Putnam Sustainable Leaders ETF (one of the funds constituting Putnam ETF Trust, referred to hereafter as the “Fund”) as of August 31, 2021, the related statements of operations and changes in net assets, including the related notes, and the financial highlights for the period May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) through August 31, 2021 (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of August 31, 2021, the results of its operations, the changes in its net assets, and the financial highlights for the period May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) through August 31, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of August 31, 2021 by correspondence with the custodian. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
October 12, 2021

We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Putnam Investments family of funds since at least 1957. We have not been able to determine the specific year we began serving as auditor.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 15


The fund’s portfolio 8/31/21


COMMON STOCKS (97.5%)*	Shares	Value
Banks (3.5%)
Bank of America Corp.	3,476	$145,123
First Republic Bank	596	118,568
		263,691
Beverages (0.2%)
Zevia PBC Class A ^†	1,302	17,994
		17,994
Biotechnology (2.9%)
Amgen, Inc.	404	91,114
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ^†	100	67,340
Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ^†	285	57,083
		215,537
Building products (2.0%)
Johnson Controls International PLC	2,010	150,348
		150,348
Capital markets (3.0%)
BlackRock, Inc.	154	145,267
KKR & Co., Inc. Class A	1,303	83,770
		229,037
Chemicals (2.7%)
Ecolab, Inc.	327	73,693
Linde PLC	404	127,094
		200,787
Commercial services and supplies (1.4%)
GFL Environmental, Inc. (Canada)	3,071	108,068
		108,068
Containers and packaging (2.5%)
Avery Dennison Corp.	437	98,495
Ball Corp.	924	88,667
		187,162
Diversified financial services (0.9%)
Soaring Eagle Acquisition Corp. Class A ^†	6,569	65,493
		65,493
Electric utilities (1.4%)
NextEra Energy, Inc.	1,234	103,644
		103,644
Entertainment (1.5%)
Walt Disney Co. (The) ^†	641	116,213
		116,213
Equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) (1.8%)
American Tower Corp.	288	84,145
Boston Properties, Inc.	431	48,699
		132,844
Food and staples retail (1.8%)
Walmart, Inc.	925	136,993
		136,993
Food products (0.7%)
McCormick & Co., Inc. (non-voting shares)	580	50,048
		50,048


16 Sustainable Leaders ETF


*COMMON STOCKS (97.5%) cont.**	Shares	Value
Health-care equipment and supplies (6.4%)
Cooper Cos., Inc. (The)	272	$122,593
Danaher Corp.	727	235,664
Medtronic PLC	911	121,600
		479,857
Health-care providers and services (1.4%)
CVS Health Corp.	1,198	103,495
		103,495
Hotels, restaurants, and leisure (4.3%)
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. ^†	79	150,363
Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc. ^†	924	115,371
Vail Resorts, Inc. ^†	195	59,446
		325,180
Independent power and renewable electricity producers (1.3%)
AES Corp. (The)	4,054	96,769
		96,769
Industrial conglomerates (2.9%)
Honeywell International, Inc.	518	120,129
Roper Technologies, Inc.	210	101,489
		221,618
Insurance (1.4%)
Prudential PLC ADR (United Kingdom)	2,545	105,999
		105,999
Interactive media and services (0.5%)
Bumble, Inc. Class A ^†	672	36,624
		36,624
Internet and direct marketing retail (5.8%)
Amazon.com, Inc. ^†	109	378,316
Etsy, Inc. ^†	288	62,283
		440,599
IT Services (4.5%)
Fidelity National Information Services, Inc.	797	101,833
Shopify, Inc. Class A (Canada) ^†	47	71,665
Visa, Inc. Class A	714	163,577
		337,075
Leisure products (0.6%)
Hasbro, Inc.	442	43,453
		43,453
Life sciences tools and services (2.4%)
Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.	331	183,688
		183,688
Machinery (1.7%)
Deere & Co.	211	79,764
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.	266	51,410
		131,174
Multi-utilities (0.7%)
Ameren Corp.	616	54,036
		54,036
Multiline retail (1.8%)
Target Corp.	558	137,815
		137,815


Sustainable Leaders ETF 17


*COMMON STOCKS (97.5%) cont.**	Shares	Value
Personal products (1.1%)
Unilever PLC ADR (United Kingdom)	1,449	$80,680
		80,680
Pharmaceuticals (2.9%)
Eli Lilly and Co.	601	155,232
Merck & Co., Inc.	822	62,710
		217,942
Road and rail (1.6%)
Union Pacific Corp.	551	119,479
		119,479
Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment (7.0%)
Applied Materials, Inc.	791	106,888
ASML Holding NV (NY Reg Shares) (Netherlands)	173	144,116
NVIDIA Corp.	496	111,030
NXP Semiconductors NV	329	70,778
Texas Instruments, Inc.	507	96,791
		529,603
Software (13.5%)
Adobe, Inc. ^†	352	233,622
DocuSign, Inc. ^†	338	100,129
Intuit, Inc.	111	62,839
Microsoft Corp.	2,069	624,590
		1,021,180
Specialty retail (1.3%)
Home Depot, Inc. (The)	307	100,137
		100,137
Technology hardware, storage, and peripherals (7.4%)
Apple, Inc.	3,669	557,064
		557,064
Textiles, apparel, and luxury goods (0.7%)
Levi Strauss & Co. Class A	2,103	55,120
		55,120
Total common stocks (cost $6,833,786)		$7,356,446


SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (2.5%)*	Shares	Value
State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund, Investor Class 0.01%	185,876	$185,876
Total short-term investments (cost $185,876)		$185,876


TOTAL INVESTMENTS
Total investments (cost $7,019,662)	$7,542,322


Key to holding’s abbreviations
ADR	American Depository Receipts: represents ownership of foreign securities on deposit with a custodian bank


18 Sustainable Leaders ETF


Notes to the fund’s portfolio
	Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) through August 31, 2021 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission and references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
^*	Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $7,545,300.
^†	This security is non-income-producing.

ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:


		Valuation inputs
Investments in securities:	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Common stocks*:
Communication services	$152,837	$—	$—
Consumer discretionary	1,102,304	—	—
Consumer staples	285,715	—	—
Financials	664,220	—	—
Health care	1,200,519	—	—
Industrials	730,687	—	—
Information technology	2,444,922	—	—
Materials	387,949	—	—
Real estate	132,844	—	—
Utilities	254,449	—	—
Total common stocks	7,356,446	—	—
Short-term investments	185,876	—	—
Totals by level	$7,542,322	$—	$—
* Common stock classifications are presented at the sector level, which may differ from the fund’s portfolio presentation.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


Sustainable Leaders ETF 19

Statement of assets and liabilities 8/31/21


ASSETS
Investment in securities, at value (Note 1):
Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $7,019,662)	$7,542,322
Dividends receivable	6,408
Total assets	7,548,730

LIABILITIES
Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)	3,430
Total liabilities	3,430

Net assets	$7,545,300

REPRESENTED BY
Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1, 4 and 5)	$7,020,523
Total distributable earnings (Note 1)	524,777
Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding	$7,545,300

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
Net asset value per share
($7,545,300 divided by 275,001 shares)	$27.44

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

20 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Statement of operations For the period 5/25/21 (commencement of operations) to 8/31/21


INVESTMENT INCOME
Dividends (net of foreign tax of $25)	$14,799
Total investment income	14,799

EXPENSES
Compensation of Manager (Note 2)	8,863
Total expenses	8,863

Net investment income	5,936

REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS)
Net realized gain (loss) on:
Securities from unaffiliated issuers (Notes 1 and 3)	(3,819)
Total net realized loss	(3,819)
Change in net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on:
Securities from unaffiliated issuers	522,660
Total change in net unrealized appreciation	522,660

Net gain on investments	518,841

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	$524,777

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 21

Statement of changes in net assets


	For the period
	5/25/21
	(commencement
	of operations)
INCREASE IN NET ASSETS	to 8/31/21
Operations
Net investment income	$5,936
Net realized loss on investments	(3,819)
Change in net unrealized appreciation of investments	522,660
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations	524,777
Proceeds from shares sold (Note 4)	4,520,523
Decrease from shares redeemed (Note 4)	—
Total increase in net assets	5,045,300

NET ASSETS
Beginning of period (Note 5)	2,500,000
End of period	$7,545,300

NUMBER OF FUND SHARES
Shares outstanding at beginning of period (Note 5)	100,000
Shares sold (Note 4)	175,001
Shares redeemed (Note 4)	—
Shares outstanding at end of period	275,001

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

22 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)


PER-SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE
	For the period
	5/25/21
	(commencement
	of operations)
	to 8/31/21
Net asset value, beginning of period	$25.00
Investment operations:
Net investment income (loss) a	.03
Net realized and unrealized
gain (loss) on investments	2.41
Total from investment operations	2.44
Less distributions:
From net investment income	—
Total distributions	—
Net asset value, end of period	$27.44
Total return at net asset value (%) b	9.76^*

RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Net assets, end of period
(in thousands)	$7,545
Ratio of expenses to average
net assets (%) c	.16^*
Ratio of net investment income (loss)
to average net assets (%)	.11^*
Portfolio turnover (%) d	14^*

^* Not annualized.

^a Per share net investment income (loss) has been determined on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

^b Total return assumes dividend reinvestment.

^c Excludes acquired fund fees and expenses, if any.

^d Portfolio turnover excludes securities received or delivered in-kind.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 23

Notes to financial statements 8/31/21

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “ETF” represent exchange-traded fund, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) to August 31, 2021.

Putnam Sustainable Leaders ETF (the fund) is a diversified, open-end series of Putnam ETF Trust (the Trust), a Delaware statutory trust organized on December 22, 2020, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The fund is an actively managed ETF that operates pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC. The fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term capital appreciation. The fund invests mainly in common stocks of U.S. companies of any size, with a focus on companies that exhibit a commitment to financially material sustainable business practices. Stocks of companies that exhibit a commitment to financially material sustainable business practices are typically, but not always, considered to be growth stocks. Growth stocks are stocks of companies whose revenues, earnings, or cash flows are expected to grow faster than those of similar firms, and whose business growth and other characteristics may lead to an increase in stock price. Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, a company’s sustainable business practices (as described below), valuation, financial strength, growth potential, competitive position in its industry, projected future earnings, cash flows and dividends when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of the value of its net assets in securities that meet Putnam Management’s sustainability criteria. In applying these criteria, Putnam Management will assign each company a proprietary environmental, social and/or corporate governance (ESG) rating ranging from 1 to 4 (1 indicating the highest (best) ESG rating and 4 indicating the lowest (worst) ESG rating). In order to meet Putnam Management’s sustainability criteria for purposes of this investment policy, a company must be rated 2 or 1 by Putnam Management. This policy may be changed only after 60 days’ notice to shareholders. In selecting each investment, Putnam Management focuses on companies that have a demonstrated commitment to sustainable business practices in areas that are relevant and material to their long-term financial returns and risk profiles.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

The fund has entered into contractual arrangements with an investment adviser, administrator, distributor, transfer agent and custodian, who each provide services to the fund. Unless expressly stated otherwise, shareholders are not parties to, or intended beneficiaries of these contractual arrangements, and these contractual arrangements are not intended to create any shareholder right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the fund.

Under the fund’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, any claims asserted against or on behalf of the Putnam Funds, including claims against Trustees and Officers, must be brought in courts of the State of Delaware.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Trustees.

24 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sales price on their principal exchange, or official closing price for certain markets, and are classified as Level 1 securities under Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820). If no sales are reported, as in the case of some securities that are traded OTC, a security is valued at its last reported bid price and is generally categorized as a Level 2 security. Short-term securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued using an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees, and are classified as Level 2 securities.

Investments in open-end investment companies (excluding exchange-traded funds), if any, which can be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 securities, are valued based on their net asset value. The net asset value of such investment companies equals the total value of their assets less their liabilities and divided by the number of their outstanding shares.

To the extent a pricing service or dealer is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that Putnam Management does not believe accurately reflects the security’s fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by Putnam Management in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Trustees. Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs.

To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Dividend income, net of any applicable withholding taxes, if any, is recognized on the ex-dividend date except that certain dividends from foreign securities, if any, are recognized as soon as the fund is informed of the ex-dividend date. Non-cash dividends, if any, are recorded at the fair value of the securities received. Dividends representing a return of capital or capital gains, if any, are reflected as a reduction of cost and/or as a realized gain.

Lines of credit In October 2021, the fund will participate, along with other Putnam funds, in a $317.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to 1.25% plus the higher of (1) the Federal Funds rate and (2) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate for the committed line of credit and 1.30% plus the higher of (1) the Federal Funds rate and (2) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.21% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its taxable income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 25

Under the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, the fund will be permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred for an unlimited period and the carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses. At August 31, 2021, the fund had the following capital loss carryovers available, to the extent allowed by the Code, to offset future net capital gain, if any:


	Loss carryover
Short-term	Long-term	Total
$2,433	$—	$2,433

Distributions to shareholders Distributions to shareholders from net investment income are recorded by the fund on the ex-dividend date. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from losses on wash sale transactions. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $357 to increase undistributed net investment income and $357 to increase accumulated net realized loss.

Tax cost of investments includes adjustments to net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) which may not necessarily be final tax cost basis adjustments, but closely approximate the tax basis unrealized gains and losses that may be realized and distributed to shareholders. The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:


Unrealized appreciation	$580,606
Unrealized depreciation	(59,689)
Net unrealized appreciation	520,917
Undistributed ordinary income	6,293
Capital loss carryforward	(2,433)
Cost for federal income tax purposes	$7,021,405

Expenses of the Trust Expenses directly charged or attributable to any fund will be paid from the assets of that fund. Generally, expenses of the Trust will be allocated among and charged to the assets of each fund on a basis that the Trustees deem fair and equitable, which may be based on the relative assets of each fund or the nature of the services performed and relative applicability to each fund.

Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays the Manager an annual all-inclusive management fee of 0.59% based on the fund’s average daily net assets computed and paid monthly. The management fee covers investment management services and all of the fund’s organizational and other operating expenses with certain exceptions, including but not limited to: payments under distribution plans, interest and borrowing expenses, taxes, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, fund proxy expenses, litigation expenses, extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses. All costs related to organization and offering of the Trust were borne by the Manager.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. PIL did not manage any portion of the assets of the fund during the reporting period. If Putnam Management were to engage the services of PIL, Putnam Management would pay a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.35% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund has adopted a distribution and service plan pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the 1940 Act that authorizes the fund to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its shares and service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing shareholder support services. No Rule 12b–1 fees are currently paid by the fund.

26 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments and in-kind transactions, were as follows:


	Cost of purchases	Proceeds from sales
Investments in securities (Long-term)	$4,185,094	$808,359
U.S. government securities (Long-term)	—	—
Total	$4,185,094	$808,359

Portfolio securities received or delivered through in-kind transactions were $3,460,870 and no monies, respectively.

The fund may purchase or sell investments from or to other Putnam funds in the ordinary course of business, which can reduce the fund’s transaction costs, at prices determined in accordance with SEC requirements and policies approved by the Trustees. During the reporting period, purchases or sales of long-term securities from or to other Putnam funds, if any, did not represent more than 5% of the fund’s total cost of purchases and/or total proceeds from sales.

Note 4: Capital shares

Shares of the fund are listed and traded on NYSE Arca, Inc., and individual fund shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market price. These transactions, which do not involve the fund, are made at market prices that may vary throughout the day, rather than at net asset value (NAV). Shares of the fund may trade at a price greater than the fund’s NAV (premium) or less than the fund’s NAV (discount).

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling fund shares in the secondary market (the “bid-ask spread”). The fund will issue and redeem shares in large blocks of 25,000 shares called “Creation Units” on a continuous basis, at NAV, with authorized participants who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor. The fund will generally issue and redeem Creation Units in return for a designated portfolio of securities (and an amount of cash) that the fund specifies each day. The fund generally imposes a transaction fee on investors purchasing or redeeming Creation Units. Investors transacting in Creation Units for cash may also pay an additional variable charge to compensate the fund for certain transaction costs and market impact expenses relating to investing in portfolio securities. Such variable charges, if any, are included in proceeds from shares sold in the Statement of changes in net assets.

At the close of the reporting period, Putnam Investment Holdings, LLC owned 200,001 shares of the fund (72.7% of shares outstanding), valued at $5,488,027.

Note 5: Initial capitalization and offering of shares

The fund was established as a series of the Trust on December 22, 2020. The fund had no operations other than those related to organizational matters, including the initial capital contribution of $2,500,000 by Putnam Investment Holdings, LLC and the issuance of 100,000 shares on May 25, 2021.

Note 6: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks, including those related to economic instability, unfavorable political developments, and currency fluctuations.

Beginning in January 2020, global financial markets have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant volatility resulting from the spread of a virus known as Covid–19. The outbreak of Covid–19 has resulted in travel and border restrictions, quarantines, supply chain disruptions, lower consumer demand, and general market uncertainty. The effects of Covid–19 have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the global economy, the economies of certain nations, and individual issuers, all of which may negatively impact the fund’s performance.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 27

Federal tax information (Unaudited)

The fund designated 100% of ordinary income distributions as qualifying for the dividends received deduction for corporations.

For the reporting period, the fund hereby designates 100%, or the maximum amount allowable, of its taxable ordinary income distributions as qualified dividends taxed at the individual net capital gain rates.

The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2022 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2021.

28 Sustainable Leaders ETF

^* Mr. Cooper is an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund and Putnam Investments. He is Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Putnam Investments, as well as the President of your fund and each of the other Putnam exchange-traded funds.

The address of each Trustee is 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110.

As of August 31, 2021, there were four Putnam exchange-traded funds. All Trustees serve as Trustees of all Putnam exchange-traded funds.

Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 75, removal, or death.

Sustainable Leaders ETF 29

Officers

In addition to Aaron M. Cooper, CFA, the other officers of the fund are shown below:


James F. Clark (Born 1974)	Caitlin Robinson (Born 1983)
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer	Assistant Secretary
Since 2021	Since 2021
Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Risk Officer,	Senior Counsel, Putnam Investments and
Putnam Investments, and Chief Compliance Officer,	Putnam Management
Putnam Management
	Janet C. Smith (Born 1965)
Peter Fariel (Born 1957)	Vice President, Principal Financial Officer, Principal
Secretary	Accounting Officer, and Treasurer
Since 2021	Since 2021
Deputy General Counsel, Putnam Investments and	Head of Fund Administration Services, Putnam
Putnam Management	Investments and Putnam Management

Richard T. Kircher (Born 1962)	Stephen J. Tate (Born 1974)
Vice President and BSA Compliance Officer	Vice President and Chief Legal Officer
Since 2021	Since 2021
Assistant Director, Operational Compliance, Putnam	General Counsel, Putnam Investments, Putnam
Investments and Putnam Retail Management	Management, and Putnam Retail Management

Susan G. Malloy (Born 1957)	Mark C. Trenchard (Born 1962)
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer	Vice President
Since 2021	Since 2021
Head of Accounting and Middle Office Services,	Director of Operational Compliance, Putnam
Putnam Investments and Putnam Management	Investments and Putnam Retail Management

Venice Monagan (Born 1977)
Assistant Secretary
Since 2021
Senior Counsel, Putnam Investments and
Putnam Management

The principal occupations of the officers for the past five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers. The address of each officer is 100 Federal Street, Boston, MA 02110.

30 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Fund information

Founded over 80 years ago, Putnam Investments was built around the concept that a balance between risk and reward is the hallmark of a well-rounded financial program. We manage funds across income, value, blend, growth, sustainable, asset allocation, absolute return, and global sector categories.


Investment Manager	Trustees	Susan G. Malloy
Putnam Investment	Liaquat Ahamed, Chair	Vice President and
Management, LLC	Aaron M. Cooper, CFA	Assistant Treasurer
100 Federal Street	Katinka Domotorffy
Boston, MA 02110	Catharine Bond Hill	Venice Monagan
	Mona K. Sutphen	Assistant Secretary
Investment Sub-Manager
Putnam Investments Limited	Officers	Caitlin Robinson
16 St James’s Street	Aaron M. Cooper, CFA	Assistant Secretary
London, England SW1A 1ER	Executive Vice President
	and Chief Operating Officer	Janet C. Smith
Distribution Services		Vice President,
Foreside Fund Services, LLC	James F. Clark	Principal Financial Officer,
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100	Vice President and Chief	Principal Accounting Officer,
Portland, ME 04101	Compliance Officer	and Treasurer

Custodian	Peter Fariel	Stephen J. Tate
State Street Bank	Secretary	Vice President and
and Trust Company		Chief Legal Officer
	Richard T. Kircher
Legal Counsel	Vice President and BSA	Mark C. Trenchard
Dechert LLP	Compliance Officer	Vice President

Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Sustainable Leaders ETF 31

Call 1-833-228-5577 Monday through Friday between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time or visit putnam.com anytime for up-to-date information about the fund’s NAV.

32 Sustainable Leaders ETF

Sustainable Leaders ETF 33


	Item 2. Code of Ethics:

(a) The fund’s principal executive, financial and accounting officers are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Fund’s investment manager. As such they are subject to a comprehensive Code of Ethics adopted and administered by Putnam Investments which is designed to protect the interests of the firm and its clients. The Fund has adopted a Code of Ethics which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments with respect to all of its officers and Trustees who are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC. For this reason, the Fund has not adopted a separate code of ethics governing its principal executive, financial and accounting officers.

(c) In April 2021, the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments was amended. The key changes to the Code of Ethics are as follows: (i) Employees may invest in the Putnam Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) with preclearing requirements for certain individuals (ii) All employees must hold Putnam ETFs in an approved Putnam broker (iii) All access persons must report Putnam ETF trades or holdings in the quarterly transaction report or annual holdings report.


	Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:

The Funds’ Audit Committee is comprised solely of Trustees who are “independent” (as such term has been defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in regulations implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the “Regulations”)). The Trustees believe that each member of the Audit Committee also possesses a combination of knowledge and experience with respect to financial accounting matters, as well as other attributes, that qualifies him or her for service on the Committee. In addition, the Trustees have determined that Dr. Hill qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term has been defined by the Regulations) based on their review of her pertinent experience and education. The SEC has stated, and the funds’ amended and restated agreement and Declaration of Trust provides, that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert pursuant to this Item 3 of Form N-CSR does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board of Trustees in the absence of such designation or identification.


	Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:


	The following table presents fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for services rendered to the fund by the fund’s independent auditor:


Fiscal year ended	Audit Fees	Audit-Related Fees	Tax Fees	All Other Fees


August 31, 2021*	$18,900	$ —	$2,100	$ —

*	For the period May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) to August 31, 2021


	For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the fund’s independent auditor billed aggregate non-audit fees in the amounts of $266,999 to the fund, Putnam Management and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Putnam Management that provides ongoing services to the fund.


	Audit Fees represent fees billed for the fund’s last two fiscal years relating to the audit and review of the financial statements included in annual reports and registration statements, and other services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.


	Audit-Related Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for services traditionally performed by the fund’s auditor, including accounting consultation for proposed transactions or concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and other audit or attest services not required by statute or regulation.


	Tax Fees represent fees billed in the fund’s last two fiscal years for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice services. Tax planning and tax advice services include assistance with tax audits, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities.


	Pre-Approval Policies of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee of the Putnam funds has determined that, as a matter of policy, all work performed for the funds by the funds’ independent auditors will be pre-approved by the Committee itself and thus will generally not be subject to pre-approval procedures.

The Audit Committee also has adopted a policy to pre-approve the engagement by Putnam Management and certain of its affiliates of the funds’ independent auditors, even in circumstances where pre-approval is not required by applicable law. Any such requests by Putnam Management or certain of its affiliates are typically submitted in writing to the Committee and explain, among other things, the nature of the proposed engagement, the estimated fees, and why this work should be performed by that particular audit firm as opposed to another one. In reviewing such requests, the Committee considers, among other things, whether the provision of such services by the audit firm are compatible with the independence of the audit firm.


	The following table presents fees billed by the fund’s independent auditor for services required to be approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2–01 of Regulation S-X.


Fiscal year ended	Audit-Related Fees	Tax Fees	All Other Fees	Total Non-Audit Fees

August 31, 2021*	$ —	$264,899	$ —	$ —

*	For the period May 25, 2021 (commencement of operations) to August 31, 2021


	Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants


	Not applicable


	Item 6. Schedule of Investments:


	The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.


	Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:


	Not applicable


	Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Investment Companies


	Not Applicable


	Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:


	Not applicable


	Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:


	Not applicable


	Item 11. Controls and Procedures:

(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 180 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.


	(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable


	Item 12. Disclosures of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies:


	Not Applicable


	Item 13. Exhibits:


	(a)(1) The Code of Ethics of The Putnam Funds, which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments, is filed herewith. In addition, the Code of Ethics of Putnam EFT Trust is filed herewith.


	(a)(2) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.


	(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.


	SIGNATURES


	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Putnam ETF Trust


	By (Signature and Title):


	/s/ Janet C. Smith Janet C. Smith Principal Accounting Officer


	Date: October 26, 2021


	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


	By (Signature and Title):


	/s/ Aaron Cooper Aaron Cooper Principal Executive Officer


	Date: October 26, 2021


	By (Signature and Title):


	/s/ Janet C. Smith Janet C. Smith Principal Financial Officer


	Date: October 26, 2021

PUTNAM ETF TRUST

Code of Ethics

Putnam ETF Trust, with respect to each of its series (the “Funds”), has determined to adopt this Code of Ethics with respect to certain activities by officers and Trustees of the Funds which might be deemed to create possible conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures with respect to such activities.

Rules Applicable to Officers and Trustees Affiliated with Putnam Investments, LLC or Its Subsidiaries

Incorporation of Adviser’s Code of Ethics. The provisions of the Code of Ethics for employees of Putnam Investments, LLC and its subsidiaries (the “Putnam Investments Code of Ethics”), which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein as the Funds’ Code of Ethics applicable to officers and Trustees of the Funds who are employees of the Funds or officers, directors or employees of Putnam Investments, LLC or its subsidiaries. A violation of the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of the Funds’ Code.

Reports. Officers and Trustees of each of the Funds who are made subject to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall file the reports required by the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics with the Code of Ethics Officer designated therein. A report filed with the Code of Ethics Officer shall be deemed to be filed with each of the Funds of which the reporting individual is an officer or Trustee.

Review and Reporting.

(1)

The Code of Ethics Officer shall cause the reported personal securities transactions to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of each of the Funds to determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any person, the Code of Ethics Officer shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material.

(2)

If the Code of Ethics Officer determines that a violation of any provision of this Code has or may have occurred, he shall submit his written determination, together with any additional explanatory material, to the Audit Committee of the Funds at its next meeting when Code of Ethics matters are discussed.

Sanctions. In addition to reporting violations of this Code to the Audit Committee of the Funds as provided in Section I-C(2), the Code of Ethics Officer shall also report to such Committee any sanctions imposed with respect to such violations.

II.

Rules Applicable to Unaffiliated Trustees

Definitions.

(1)

“Beneficial ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(2)

“Control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

(3)

“Covered Person” means an affiliated person of the Fund, who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

(4)

“Interested Trustee” means a Trustee of a Fund who is an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

(5)

“Purchase or sale of a security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.

(6)

“Security” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act (in effect, all securities) except that it shall not include securities issued by the Government of the United States or an agency thereof, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high-quality short-term debt investments, including repurchase agreements, and shares of registered open-end investment companies, but shall include any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security.

(7)

“Security Held or to be Acquired by a Fund” means: (i) any security, as defined herein, which, within the most recent 15 days: (A) is or has been held by the Fund, or (B) is being or has been considered by the Fund or Putnam Investments for purchase by the Fund, and (ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a security described in (i) above.

(8)

“Unaffiliated Trustee” means a Trustee who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

Prohibited Actions. No Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Covered Person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund, shall:

(1)

Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

(2)

Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(3)

Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

(4)

Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

Reporting.

(1)

Every Unaffiliated Trustee of a Fund shall file with the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer a report containing the information described in Section II-C(2) of this Code with respect to purchases or sales of any security in which such Unaffiliated Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, if such Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee:

(a)

such security was or is to be purchased or sold by the Fund or

(b)

such security was or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund;

provided, however, that an Unaffiliated Trustee shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control.

(2)

Every report shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

(a)

The date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount of each security involved;

(b)

The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(c)

The price at which the transaction was effected;

(d)

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and

(e)

The date that the report is submitted by each Unaffiliated Trustee.

(3)

Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which the report relates.

(4)

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, an Unaffiliated Trustee who is an “interested person” of the Funds shall file the reports required by Rule 17j-1(d)(1) under the Investment Company Act with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments. Such reports shall be reviewed by such Officer as provided in Section I-C(1) and any related violations shall be reported by him to the Audit Committee as provided in Section I-C(2).

Review and Reporting.

(1)

The Chief Compliance Officer of the Funds, in consultation with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments (if the two offices are not held by the same individual), shall cause the reported personal securities transactions that he receives pursuant to Section II-C(1) to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Funds to determine whether any prohibited action listed in Section II-B may have occurred. The Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer, in conducting such review, may make use of the resources of the Putnam Investments Compliance Department, including Compliance Department personnel and systems and data to which the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer has access.

(2)

Before making any determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer shall give the person involved an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

Sanctions. If the Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer determines that a violation of this Code has occurred, he shall so advise the Funds’ Audit Committee, and provide the Committee with a report of the matter, including any additional information supplied by such person. The Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

III.

Miscellaneous

Amendments to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics. Any amendment to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall be deemed an amendment to Section 1-A of this Code effective 30 days after written notice of such amendment shall have been received by the Chair of the Funds, unless the Trustees of the Funds expressly determine that such amendment shall become effective at an earlier or later date or shall not be adopted.

Records. The Funds shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) under the Investment Company Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1)

A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

(2)

A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

(3)

A copy of each report made by an officer or Trustee pursuant to this Code shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

(4)

A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

(5)

To the extent any record required to be kept by this section is also required to be kept by Putnam Investments pursuant to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics, Putnam Investments shall maintain such record on behalf of the Funds as well.

Confidentiality. All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed with any Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject

to review as provided herein and by personnel of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Interpretation of Provisions. The Trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.

Delegation by Chair. The Chair of the Funds may from time to time delegate any or all of his or her responsibilities under this Code, either generally or as to specific instances, to such officer or Trustee of the Funds as he or she may designate.

Adopted April 20, 2021.


	Certifications
	I, Aaron Cooper, the Principal Executive Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:
	1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:
	2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;
	3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;
	4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;
	b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 180 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and
	d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal half-year that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
	5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
	Date: October 26, 2021
	/s/ Aaron Cooper
	_______________________
	Aaron Cooper
	Principal Executive Officer
	Certifications
	I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:
	1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:
	2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;
	3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;
	4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;
	b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 180 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and
	d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal half-year that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
	5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
	Date: October 26, 2021
	/s/ Janet C. Smith
	_______________________
	Janet C. Smith
	Principal Financial Officer
	Attachment A
	Period (s) ended August 31, 2021
	Putnam Focused Large Cap Growth ETF
	Putnam Focused Large Cap Value ETF
	Putnam Sustainable Future ETF
	Putnam Sustainable Leaders ETF


	Section 906 Certifications
	I, Aaron Cooper, the Principal Executive Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:
	1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended August 31, 2021 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
	2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended August 31, 2021 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.
	Date: October 26, 2021
	/s/ Aaron Cooper
	______________________
	Aaron Cooper
	Principal Executive Officer
	Section 906 Certifications
	I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:
	1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended August 31, 2021 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
	2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended August 31, 2021 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.
	Date: October 26, 2021
	/s/ Janet C. Smith
	______________________
	Janet C. Smith
	Principal Financial Officer
	Attachment A
	Period (s) ended August 31, 2021
	Putnam Focused Large Cap Growth ETF
	Putnam Focused Large Cap Value ETF
	Putnam Sustainable Future ETF
	Putnam Sustainable Leaders ETF

[PUTNAM LOGO OMITTED]

working@PUTNAM

Putnam’s Code of Ethics

May 2021

Putnam Investments Code of Ethics

Putnam Investments is required by law to adopt a Code of Ethics (the “Code”). The objective of the Code is that Putnam’s employees comply with all applicable laws and avoid any actual, apparent, or potential conflict of interest that could be perceived to interfere with the fiduciary duty Putnam owes to its clients or with Putnam’s interests. It is the duty of Putnam’s employees ethically to handle all actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest that may arise. This Code of Ethics is designed to strengthen the trust and confidence our clients place in us and to demonstrate that our clients’ interests come first.

Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of employment at Putnam. Every employee is expected to adhere to the requirements of the Code. Any employee failing to do so may be subject to disciplinary action, including financial penalties and termination of employment, as determined by the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee.

Definitions

Access Person Putnam has identified certain employees as Access Persons due to their position or access to investment information. Access Persons are held to a higher standard under the Code than other employees. Please ask the Code of Ethics Officer if you have any question whether you are an Access Person. The following employees are Access Persons:

All employees of Putnam’s Investment Management Division

All employees of the Global Investment Strategies Group/Division

All employees of the International RFP Group

Employees of the Operations Division within the following specific groups and departments:

Fund Administration Group

Investment Services and Operations Group

Any employee in the following groups or divisions who reports directly to a member of the Operating Committee:

Investor Services Group

Accounting and Middle Offices Services Group

Marketing and Corporate Communications Division

Defined Contribution Investment Only Group

Global Distribution Division (including Putnam Retail Management, Putnam Global Institutional Management, and Japan businesses)

All members of Putnam’s Operating Committee

All employees of Putnam Investments Limited (PIL) and all other Putnam employees based in Europe

All directors and officers of a registered investment advisor affiliate, e.g., Putnam Investment Management, LLC (PIM), or The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (PAC)

All employees who have access to My Putnam (unless access is limited to the Wall Street Journal, Factiva, or other systems that do not allow access to non-public information about Putnam products, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer) Employees who have systems access or other access to non-public information about any client’s purchase or sale of securities or to information regarding portfolio holdings or recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales

Others as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer, including certain employees in rotational programs

Business or financial relationship refers to any type of existing or prospective arrangement between Putnam, on the one hand, and another entity or person, on the other hand, in which Putnam provides or receives financial consideration, goods, services, or advice. It also includes any investment by Putnam for itself or its clients. This means that there is a business or financial relationship between Putnam and each portfolio company.

Closed-end fund means a fund that has a fixed number of shares outstanding and does not redeem its shares. Closed-end funds typically trade like stocks on an exchange.

The Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer are responsible for enforcing and interpreting the Code. The following are the current members of the Code of Ethics staff, each of whom can answer employee questions and provide other assistance regarding the Code:

Code of Ethics Officer:	James Clark	(617) 760-8939
Deputy Code of Ethics Officer:	Akiko Lindholm	(617) 760-2177
Sr. Compliance Specialist:	Dana Scribner-Shea	(617) 760-7182

Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has oversight responsibility for administering the Code of Ethics. Members include the Code of Ethics Officer and other members of Putnam’s senior management appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam. The Committee reviews and approves Code revisions, violations, and sanctions. In certain instances, requests for exemptions may require the approval of the Committee. The Committee meets on a quarterly basis or as otherwise necessary.

Exchange-traded fund (ETF) means a fund (other than a closed-end fund) that can be traded on an exchange throughout the day like a stock. ETFs often track an index. Examples include (but are not limited to) SPDRs, WEBs, QQQQs, iShares, and HLDRs.

Immediate Family means the Putnam employee’s spouse, domestic partner, fiancé(e), or other family members who are living in the same household or financially dependent on the Putnam employee. Financial dependence, for this purpose, means substantial and regular reliance by the family member on the Putnam employee to meet the family member’s financial obligations, including, for example, the costs of housing or educational expenses. Immediate Family also includes any other family members, including in-laws, for whom the Putnam employee can exercise investment discretion, regardless of whether or not they live in the same household.

Private placement means any offering of a security not offered to the public and not requiring registration with the relevant securities authorities, including but not limited to, equity or debt issued by a privately held company, private funds, hedge funds, or other privately offered securities.

Putnam means any or all of Putnam Investments, LLC and its subsidiaries (other than PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. and any of its subsidiaries), any one of which shall be a Putnam company.

Putnam employee, or employee, means any employee of Putnam and, for purposes of all rules in Sections 1, 2, and 3, also includes the following:

Members of the Immediate Family of a Putnam employee;

Any trust in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a trustee with investment discretion;

Any account for a partnership in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a general partner or a partner with investment discretion;

Any closely held entity (such as a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which he or she has investment discretion;

Any account (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar account) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member has a substantial economic interest and over which the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member exercises investment discretion;

Any account other than a Putnam client account that receives investment advice of any sort from the employee or Immediate Family member, or as to which the employee or Immediate Family member has investment discretion.

Putnam ETF means any exchange-traded fund managed and/or sponsored by Putnam Investments and its investment adviser subsidiaries other than PanAgora Asset Management, Inc.

Security The instruments required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1 are considered to be securities for purposes of this Code and are also required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4. In addition, transactions in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), options, futures, and other derivative securities are required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4, even for those instruments that are not required to be pre-cleared pursuant to Section 1.1(c).

Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees

Putnam maintains the Code of Ethics PTA system to assist employees in fulfilling their obligations under the Code of Ethics. This system can be accessed by selecting the Code of Ethics PTA link, which appears on Putnam’s intranet page in the Secure Information section under My Essentials. This system allows the automated pre-clearance of publicly traded equities and other securities trading on major U.S. and other exchanges. To pre-clear an options contract for a publicly traded security, pre-clear the underlying security in the Code of Ethics PTA system. To request clearance to trade bonds or other securities, you must contact the Code of Ethics staff. Pre-clearance hours are 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements

The pre-clearance requirements under this section apply to employees who are Access Persons.

1.1(a) Employees must pre-clear all trades in the following securities:

Stocks of companies

Bonds and other debt instruments, including new offerings (including preferred stock, corporate, municipal, high-yield, and convertible bonds)

Options, warrants, and all other derivatives of any underlying securities that themselves require pre-clearancee

Closed-end funds, including Putnam closed-end funds

Employees must also pre-clear the following transactions:

Private placements and purchases of hedge funds or other private investment funds, which must receive pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (sales of private placements, hedge funds, or other private investment funds do not need to be pre-cleared; however, they must be reported)

Donating or gifting of securities

Shares purchased by subscription or by mail (if purchasing directly from a company’s transfer agent by check, you must pre-clear the day the check is to be mailed)

Tendering securities from your personal account

Loans, or guarantees of obligations, being made to non-family members with whom Putnam has a business or financial relationship

Exercising rights to purchase shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises)

Exercising options or warrants to acquire shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises as set forth under Section 1.1(c)

1.1(b) Provisions Applicable to Pre-clearances

A pre-clearance is only valid for trading on the day it is obtained. However, trades by employees in Putnam’s Asian or European offices, or trades by any employees in securities listed on Asian or European stock exchanges, may be executed within one business day after pre-clearance is obtained. If the Code of Ethics system does not recognize a security, if an employee is unable to use the system, or if he or she has any questions with respect to the system or pre-clearance, the employee must contact the Code of Ethics staff.

1.1(c) Exceptions from Pre-clearance Requirements

Pre-clearance is not required for certain transactions. (Please note that reporting may still be required for Access Persons even when pre-clearance is not required. See Sections 4 and 5 for reporting requirements.) Pre-clearance is not required for:

Open-end mutual funds

Currencies and currency forwards, including cryptocurrencies

Commodities

Treasury securities and other U.S. and other sovereign government debt (Please note that agency securities, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, require pre-clearance.)

Certificates of deposit (CDs), commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances, and other money market instruments

Options and futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), and exchange-traded commodities (ETCs)

Putnam ETFs (however, certain investment professionals need to preclear trades in Putnam ETFs—see Section 1.1(d) below)

Trades in approved discretionary accounts (see Section 4.2 for additional information)

Transactions that are involuntary (i.e., not initiated by the employee or an Immediate Family member covered under the Code), including dividend reinvestments under an automatic program of a publicly traded issuer and broker actions not initiated by the employee, such as option assignments or sales out of the brokerage account to cover fees or margin calls (provided the employee may not have withdrawn funds from the margin account in the prior 10 days

1.1(d) Putnam ETFs Preclearance Rule for Certain Investment Professionals

Personnel in the Equity Trading and Capital Markets groups, Portfolio Managers of any Putnam ETF, and any other Putnam personnel designated by the Code of Ethics Officer must preclear personal trades in Putnam ETFs by contacting the Code of Ethics Staff. To enable timely processing, requests should be placed with the Code of Ethics Staff by 12:00 p.m. on the day of the trade; requests are good only for the trading day on which they are submitted.

1.2. Restricted List

The Restricted List rule under this section applies to employees who are Access Persons.

Employees may not trade in securities that are on Putnam’s Restricted List, except as set forth below under “Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption.” There are a number of reasons why a security may appear on the Restricted List, and securities are placed on the Restricted List under criteria, and in specific circumstances, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee. If a security is not on the Restricted List, other classes of securities of the same issuer (e.g., preferred or convertible preferred stock) may be on the Restricted List. It is the employee’s responsibility to identify with particularity the class of securities being pre-cleared. Bonds are generally restricted at the issuer level.

Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption An employee may trade up to $25,000 in principal amount of the shares of a security appearing on the Restricted List if it is an equity security of an issuer with a market capitalization greater than $2 billion. However, these transactions must still be pre-cleared. Market capitalization is defined as outstanding shares multiplied by current price per share.

1.3. Prohibited Transactions

The following transactions and activities are prohibited for all employees:

Good-until-canceled orders (GTC). Any order not executed on the day of pre-clearance must be resubmitted for pre-clearance before being executed on a subsequent day.

Short sales of any security that is subject to pre-clearance requirements. However, short sales against the box are permitted. In addition, opening an option position that would result in a short position in the underlying security upon assignment or expiration is also prohibited (i.e., buying a put option or selling a call option without owning a number of shares at least equal to the delivery obligation under the contract, is prohibited). Purchasing a put option or selling a call option would not be considered acceptable if the only position covering such option would be another option position, such as purchasing a call option or selling a put option, to avoid a violation.

Purchasing equity securities in an initial public offering (IPO). Although exceptions from this prohibition will rarely be granted, employees may request an exemption from the Code of Ethics Officer, who may grant exceptions in unusual cases such as when an Immediate Family member’s association or employment with the issuer warrants consideration or when the employee has had a pre-existing status for at least two years as a policyholder or depositor in connection with a bank or insurance company conversion from mutual or cooperative form to stock form.

Trading with material non-public information (see Section 7)

Personal trading with Putnam client portfolios. Putnam employees may not buy or sell securities when the employee knows a Putnam client account is on the other side of the trade.

Participating in an investment club

Spread betting. PIL employees may not enter into any spread betting contracts on financial instruments.

Opening a discretionary account (see Section 4.2) and trading securities requiring pre-clearance, without obtaining proper advance approval for that account as required

Investing in a public digital coin/token offering

1.4. Policy Regarding Frequency of Personal Trading

Putnam employees are not limited to a pre-determined number of trades in securities during a specified time frame. However, excessive trading by an employee can divert the employee’s attention from his or her responsibilities as an employee and increases the possibility of engaging in transactions that are in actual or apparent conflict with Putnam’s client accounts. In addition, excessive short-term trading by an employee in shares of a Putnam-managed fund can also create actual or apparent conflicts with other shareholders of such fund and may have other detrimental effects as described in the prospectus or other disclosure document for such fund. Putnam reserves the right to monitor the number of trades (including for these purposes trades in securities that are required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1(a), shares of Putnam-managed funds, and other securities that are required to be reported under Section 5.1 or 5.2, such as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities) executed by an employee and members of his or her Immediate Family and may review any such activity that appears to be excessive with the employee’s manager(s) and/or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, as deemed appropriate by the Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee shall have the authority to address any circumstances of excessive trading in securities or excessive short-term trading in shares of a Putnam-managed fund in accordance with Section 8 of this Code.

Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds, Closed-End Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds

2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam

Putnam employees must hold shares of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds through accounts maintained at Putnam, with Putnam Retail Management (PRM) listed as the dealer of record. All transactions must be executed through Putnam and not through an outside broker or other intermediary.

These requirements also apply to:

Self-directed IRA accounts holding Putnam fund shares;

Variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, such as Putnam/Hartford Capital Manager and Allstate Advisor, which invest in Putnam Variable Trusts (must list PRM as dealer but may be held at the insurer)

In limited circumstances, retirement, pension, deferred compensation, health savings, and similar accounts (and variable insurance arrangements) that cannot be legally transferred to Putnam may be allowed to hold Putnam funds upon approval of the Code of Ethics Officer. For example, a spouse of a Putnam employee may have a 401(k)/Profit Sharing Plan with his or her employer that invests in Putnam funds. The employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing, provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to Putnam, and arrange for all account statements and confirmations to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff, if approved.

2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Linked Accounts

All employees are required to ensure that their Immediate Family members’ accounts holding Putnam mutual funds are linked to comply with the requirements stated above and to permit monitoring for excessive short-term trading in accordance with Section 1.4. To ensure these accounts are linked, log on to Putnam’s intranet home page at http://intranet/home/index.shtml, and select My Essentials/Linked mutual fund accounts.

2.3. Putnam Closed-End Funds

2.3(a) Pre-clearance and Reporting

Putnam closed-end fund shares are subject to the same pre-clearance and reporting requirements as other stocks. A list of the Putnam closed-end funds can be obtained from the Code of Ethics staff.

2.3(b) Special Rules Applicable to Portfolio Managers to Putnam Closed-End Funds, Group Heads in the Investment Division, Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds

Portfolio Managers to Putnam closed-end funds, Group Heads in Putnam’s Investment Division, Putnam Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds will not receive clearance to engage in any combination of purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the shares of a given closed-end fund within six months of each other. Therefore, purchases should be made only if you intend to hold the shares more than six months, and sales should not be made if you plan to purchase more shares of that fund within six months.

2.4. Putnam Exchange-Traded Funds

Putnam employees may invest in Putnam ETFs, subject to the preclearance requirement set forth in Section 1.1(d) for certain investment professionals. However, Putnam employees must hold shares of Putnam ETFs in accounts maintained by an approved broker-dealer—see Section 4.4 below.

Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals

3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons

Access Persons may not sell a security at a price higher than any price paid for that security within the past 60 calendar days, or buy a security at a price below which he or she sold the same security within the past 60 days. This rule applies to transactions across all accounts of the employee. All trades for the previous 60 days in all accounts will be compared to the trade date for the transaction in question to determine whether a violation has occurred. Thus, if within a 60-day period, an employee buys a security for $10, buys it again for $15, and then sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price. To further illustrate the rule, if an employee buys a security for $15 on one day, buys it again for $10 a year later, and then less than 60 days after the second purchase sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price more than 60 days earlier. Access Persons may also not open an option transaction for a contract that expires in 60 days or less. The holding period for securities acquired upon exercise of a purchased call option shall be calculated using the date of acquisition of the option (rather than the date of exercise of the option) as the starting point for the 60-day holding period. Further, this rule also applies to common stock and option exercise transactions. For example, an employee may purchase calls/call spreads, and he or she may buy/sell a common stock of the same security (because transactions in options and common stock shares are treated differently); however, if the employee plans to exercise the option, he or she needs to ensure that it is not in the opposite direction of the common stock transaction (at a profit) that he or she traded within the past 60 days. Although portfolio managers and analysts may sell securities at a profit within 60 days of purchase in order to comply with the requirements of the 7-Day Pre-Trade and 7-Day Post-Trade Rules (see Sections 3.2 and 3.3), any profit must be disgorged and paid to charity.

This 60-Day Short Term Rule will not apply to trades in ETFs, including Putnam ETFs.

3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.2(a) Portfolio Managers

(i) Before a portfolio manager places an order to buy a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon entering an order to sell a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the selling price for the client account, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if a portfolio manager (but not the Chief Investment Officer of Equities and Director of Equity Research , who are not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.2(b) Analysts

(i) Before an analyst makes an initial purchase or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon making an initial sell or an underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for sale from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the price at the time that the recommendation is made, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if an analyst (but not the Chief Investment Officer of Equities and Director of Equity Research , who are not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the analyst does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer, or their designee may override this rule.

3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

3.3(a) Portfolio Managers

No portfolio manager shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent purchase of that security or related derivative security by any Putnam client portfolio she manages or co-manages; or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent sale of that security or related derivative security from any Putnam client portfolio that she manages or co-manages. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if a portfolio manager (but not the Chief Investment Officer of Equities and Director of Equity Research , who are not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.3(b) Analysts

No analyst shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial buy or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund); or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial sell or underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including the removal of a security from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund). For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if an analyst (but not the Chief Investment Officer of Equities and Director of Equity Research , who are not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the analyst does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers)

No portfolio manager shall, without prior clearance and written approval (which may be satisfied by email) from the Chief Investment Officer and Code of Ethics Officer, sell in his personal account any securities or related derivative securities that are held in any Putnam client portfolio that he manages or co-manages. Contact the Code of Ethics Officer for a copy of the Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may permit a sale in the portfolio manager’s personal account without obtaining written approval from the Chief Investment Officer and Code of Ethics Officer, if the portfolio manager (but not the Chief Investment Officer of Equities and Director of Equity Research , who are not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios.

3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

No portfolio manager shall cause, and no analyst shall recommend, an action that would cause a Putnam client to take action for the portfolio manager’s or analyst’s own personal benefit. A portfolio manager who trades in, or an analyst who recommends, particular securities for a Putnam client account in order to support the price of securities in his personal account, or who “front runs” a Putnam client order, is in violation of this Rule.

Section 4 — Reporting Requirements

4.1. Brokerage/Securities Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

All employees (on their own behalf and on behalf of their Immediate Family members (see Definitions)) are required to report the existence of any accounts that have the capability of purchasing any securities. This Rule includes all brokerage accounts, accounts held directly at an issuer’s transfer agent, and securities held in physical certificate form by an employee or any Immediate Family member of the employee, or any other accounts in which reportable securities can be traded and/or held. The only investment accounts excluded from this rule are accounts that are only permitted to hold open-end mutual funds (other than Putnam open-end funds) and no other investments, and TreasuryDirect accounts, which can only purchase Treasury securities.

To satisfy this requirement, a new employee must complete the Code of Ethics and Broker Account Certification, and Access Persons must also complete Initial Holdings Certification in the Code of Ethics PTA system, and supply the Code of Ethics Department with a copy of the most recent statement for each account, within the required time frame below:

Access Persons — within 10 days of hire

Non-access Persons — within 30 days of hire

In addition, a new employee must obtain written approval from the Code of Ethics staff to maintain his/her reportable accounts within 30 days of hire.

All current U.S. employees must contact the Code of Ethics staff and obtain written approval from the Code of Ethics staff prior to opening any new accounts outside of Putnam (including accounts being opened for Immediate Family members), and disclose them. This Rule includes all brokerage accounts (including a self-directed brokerage account in the Putnam 401(k) plan), accounts held directly at an issuer’s transfer agent, and securities held in physical certificate form by an employee or any Immediate Family member of the employee, or any other accounts in which reportable securities can be traded and/or held.

Non-U.S. current employees opening a new account (including accounts being opened for Immediate Family members) must disclose them to the Code of Ethics Department prior to opening, or immediately after opening, the account in advance of the first personal securities transaction in the account.

All employees will be required to certify annually that all accounts requiring disclosure are accurately listed in the Code of Ethics PTA system.

4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

If you wish to establish a professionally managed or discretionary account (including professionally managed or discretionary accounts being opened for Immediate Family members), where you completely turn over decision-making authority to a professional money manager who is not subject to this Code and you have no direct or indirect influence or control over the discretionary account, you must disclose the existence of the account and receive approval from the Code of Ethics staff in advance of the first personal securities transaction (new employees have 30 days to obtain the appropriate approval). You do not need to pre-clear or report securities transactions in these accounts. Please note that a discretionary account may not purchase an IPO or hold Putnam open-end mutual funds. The broker or advisor maintaining discretion over the account must be an independent third party, not affiliated with or related to a family member of the Putnam employee in any way.

In order for the account to be considered discretionary, the employee must:

Complete an initial certification in which both the employee and the broker/advisor certify that the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account;

Complete an annual certification in which the employee certifies that the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account, and does not have direct or indirect influence or control over the account;

Respond, and arrange for the employee’s broker/advisor to respond, to such inquiries as deemed advisable by the Code of Ethics staff in their assessment of whether the account is discretionary; and

Ensure that copies of broker statements are delivered to Putnam investments.

4.3. Account Confirmations and Statements

All employees are required to ensure that copies of all confirmations and statements are delivered to Putnam for all accounts described in Section 4.1, and to ensure that copies of all statements (but not confirmations) are delivered to Putnam for all discretionary accounts described in Section 4.2. When the employee discloses the account as required, the Code of Ethics staff will issue a 407 letter, or other communication to the entity where the employee’s account is held, requesting that confirmations and statements be sent to Putnam on the employee’s behalf. However, it is ultimately the employee’s responsibility to ensure that his or her broker has complied with this request. Employees in non-U.S. offices may be subject to different requirements with respect to the frequency of providing account confirmations and statements. Any such different requirements will be communicated to the employees by the Code of Ethics staff.

If it is discovered that these reports are not being delivered to Putnam, the Code of Ethics staff will bring this issue to the employee’s attention and request he or she assist in rectifying the issue. If it is determined that a broker has failed to comply with requests to deliver these reports, Putnam reserves the right to require the employee to close the account within 30 days by transferring the account to another dealer willing to comply with this requirement (any trades as a result of a transfer must be pre-cleared). In cases where Putnam has an electronic reporting relationship established with a firm, Putnam may rely on this electronic reporting for monitoring and record keeping in lieu of receiving trade confirmations and statements via mail.

4.4. Approved Brokers — U.S. Employees Only

U.S. employees of Putnam are required to hold each of their personal accounts (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar accounts) at a Putnam-approved broker that provides Putnam with an electronic broker feed. The list of approved brokers is posted to the Putnam Compliance intranet homepage and the Code of Ethics PTA system. In limited circumstances, employees may be allowed to hold personal accounts at a non-Putnam-approved broker (examples include retirement accounts at current employers of Immediate Family members and accounts that cannot legally be transferred to Putnam-approved brokers). In such a case, the employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing and provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to a Putnam-approved broker or why the employee otherwise requests an exception be granted by the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. In the event an exception is granted, the employee must arrange for trade confirmations and account statements (quarterly) to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff.

Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements

5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify their securities holdings, including all holdings for Immediate Family member accounts, within 10 days of hire (or within 10 days of becoming an Access Person) and then on an annual basis thereafter (within 45 days after the end of the year). The report of securities holdings must include all securities that require pre-clearance under Section 1.1, as well as holdings in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, and holdings of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds not held through a Putnam account and U.S. registered mutual funds to which Putnam acts as advisor or sub-advisor (see Section 4). Each of the initial and annual holdings reports must contain the following information:

Initial holdings report:

The title, number of shares, and principal amount of each security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person,

The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities could be held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

Annual holdings report:

The title, number of shares, and principal amount of each security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership,

The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities could be held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify all of their personal securities transactions, including transactions for Immediate Family member accounts, within 20 calendar days following the end of each quarter. If the 20th of a month after the end of a quarter falls on a holiday or weekend, the Code of Ethics Officer may extend the deadline. In addition to the securities requiring pre-clearance under Section 1.1, Access Persons are also required to disclose and certify all personal transac- tions in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, as well as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, and not just those requiring pre-clearance. The quarterly transaction report must contain the following information:

The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares, and
the principal amount of each transaction involved,

The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale, or any other type of acquisition or disposition),

The price of the security at which the transaction was effected,

The name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through which the transaction was effected, and

The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person

5.3. Annual Certification — All Employees

Each calendar year, all employees will be required to certify that they have reviewed and understand the rules and requirements of the Code and that the list of brokerage accounts (for the employee and all Immediate Family members) disclosed in the Code of Ethics PTA system is accurate. An email notification will be sent informing employees of their requirement and the due date.

5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees

As deemed necessary by the Code of Ethics staff, employees will be required to complete training on Putnam’s Code of Ethics. Email notifications will be sent notifying employees of the requirements and the due date.

5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics

When revisions are made to the Code of Ethics, all employees will receive a revised version of the Code. The Code will be available to all employees on Putnam’s intranet site. Hard copies may be requested by contacting the Code of Ethics staff.

5.6. Procedures and Timeliness

Most certifications and reports required by the Code are completed in the Code of Ethics PTA system. There are strict deadlines for these filings. Planned absences, vacations, and business trips are not valid excuses for failing to meet a deadline. Employees will receive instructions regarding these submissions and the due dates. Please contact the Code of Ethics staff for assistance.

Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees

Putnam employees are expected to act ethically at all times in connection with their employment. In addition to complying with the specific provisions of this section, employees should contact the Code of Ethics staff or the Ombudsman if they are not sure how to proceed in any circumstances involving ethical issues or questions.

6.1. Conflicts of Interest

Your obligation to act ethically at all times includes the ethical handling of actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest between personal and business affairs. Please note that when this Section 6.1 refers to a “conflict of interest,” it is referring to actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest may arise in various circumstances, some of which are covered in the specific situations set forth in the other portions of this Section 6. However, it is not possible to set forth each specific situation under which a conflict of interest may arise.

A conflict of interest arises when a person’s personal affairs interfere with the interests of Putnam or Putnam’s clients. A conflict of interest can also arise when an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family takes an action or has an interest that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may arise when an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family receives or grants improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position or in the event that an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family enters into transactions or agreements with any entity or person with whom Putnam has a business or financial relationship. Putnam employees must recognize (including through their personal trading and conduct) that the firm’s clients always come first, that the employees and the firm must avoid any actual or potential abuse of our positions of trust and responsibility, and that the employees and the firm must never take inappropriate advantage of our positions.

Given that actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest may often not be clear-cut, if you have any question or doubt whatsoever, you should consult the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer prior to engaging in the activity in question. Any employee who becomes aware of a conflict, potential conflict, or the appearance of a conflict is strongly encouraged to bring it to the attention of the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer.

6.2. Outside Business Activities

No Putnam employee shall serve as employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner of a corporation or entity other than Putnam, without prior written approval of the Code of Ethics Officer, who may also confirm that the employee’s manager has approved such outside position. Requests for a role at a publicly traded company are especially disfavored and are closely reviewed. Permission will be granted only in extenuating circumstances.

All employees must provide a written request seeking approval from the Code of Ethics Officer by entering the details of the proposed position in the Code of Ethics PTA system. Employees may not engage in any outside employment activity until they receive an email approving their request. Employees hired at Putnam with an outside position must disclose the position upon hire in the system and may be required to resign such position if the position presents conflicts of interest or other issues.

FINRA-licensed employees under PRM also have an obligation to disclose outside positions to, and receive approval from, the PRM Compliance Department. Employees must also keep this information accurate by updating their profile in the Code of Ethics system and updating the PRM Compliance Department if they change or terminate a position previously approved.

6.3. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments

6.3(a) An employee may serve as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee of a charitable or not-for-profit institution, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics do not apply to the trading activities of such charitable or not-for-profit institutions for which an employee serves as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee unless the employee has discretion for the account. You must contact the Code of Ethics staff if you are asked to serve in a role in which you may have discretion, investment, or financial authority for a charitable or not-for- profit institution to discuss whether such position is permissible and whether you must perform any additional actions prior to serving in such role.

6.3(b) Except as stated below, no Putnam employee shall serve as a trustee, an executor, a custodian, or any other fiduciary, or as an investment advisor or a counselor for any account outside Putnam. Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a religious or charitable trust or foundation, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics apply to the trading activities of such a religious or charitable trust or foundation if the employee has discretion for the account.

6.3(c) Family Trust or Estate Exception

Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a family trust or estate, as long as the employee abides by all of the Rules of the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity over which he has any discretion.

6.4. Service As a Public Official

An employee seeking to serve in an official capacity (elected or unelected, with or without compensation) for any government, government agency, or instrumentality must contact the Code of Ethics Officer prior to serving in such capacity. The Code of Ethics Officer shall review such prospective service to determine whether the service could create any potential conflicts of interest for Putnam (e.g., service of a government body that can select investment managers for a public pension plan) and to determine any appropriate steps to address conflicts.

6.5. Family Members’ Conflict Policy

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family shall have any direct or indirect personal financial interests in companies that do business with Putnam, unless such interest is disclosed and approved by the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.5(a) Corporate Purchase of Goods and Services

Putnam will not acquire goods and services from any firm in which a member of an employee’s Immediate Family serves as a sales representative or in a senior management capacity, or has an ownership interest (excluding normal investment holdings in public companies), unless permission is obtained from the Chief Financial Officer and the Code of Ethics Officer. Any employee who is aware of a proposal to purchase goods and services from a firm with which a member of the employee’s Immediate Family has one of these associations must notify the Chief Financial Officer and the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.5(b) Portfolio Trading

Putnam will not allocate any client trades to any firm that employs a member of an employee’s Immediate Family as a sales representative to Putnam (in a primary, secondary, or backup role). Any Putnam employee who is aware that an Immediate Family member serves as a broker-dealer’s sales representative to Putnam should inform the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.5(c) Definition of Immediate Family (specific to this rule)

“Immediate Family” of an employee means (1) spouse, fiancé(e), or domestic partner of the employee, (2) any child, sibling, or parent of an employee and any person married to a child, sibling, or parent of an employee, and (3) any other person who lives in the same household as the employee

6.6. CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct

All members of the Investment Division and any other CFA institute Members or Candidates must follow and abide by the spirit of the Code of Ethics and the Standards of Professional Conduct of the CFA Institute as in effect from time to time (see the Appendix for a copy of the version in force as of the date of the Putnam Investments Code). The text of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct can be found on the Putnam Compliance Department intranet home page, which is accessible from the Putnam intranet home page. The terms of Putnam’s Code of Ethics shall govern in any case where there is a conflict between the terms of this Code and the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Please contact the Code of Ethics Officer with any questions.

6.7. Business Ethics, Ombuds, and Hotlines

6.7(a) If a Putnam employee suspects that fraudulent, illegal, or other irregular activity (including violations of the Code of Ethics) might be occurring at Putnam, the activity should be reported immediately to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer, or Code of Ethics Officer through the Ombuds or hotlines described below or through Putnam’s Human Resources department

6.7(b) Putnam has established the office of the corporate ombuds as a resource to help employees address legal or ethical issues in the workplace and to allow employees to voice concerns or seek clarity on issues. The Ombuds provides a confidential, independent, and impartial source to employees to discuss potential violations of law or of company standards without fear of retribution, and serves as a neutral party with no vested interest in a particular outcome.

6.7(c)An employee who does not feel comfortable reporting activity in the manner described in 6.6(a) may instead contact any of the following on an anonymous basis:

The Putnam Ethics hotline at 1-888-475-4210,

The Putnam Funds Trustees’ hotline at 1-866-858-4155, or

Putnam’s Ombuds at 1-866-ombuds7 (866-662-8377).

6.7(d) Employees will not be retaliated against for reporting information in good faith and in accordance with this Code. Putnam will not terminate employment, demote, transfer to an undesirable assignment, or otherwise discriminate against or harass an employee for calling attention to suspected unethical or illegal acts. It is a violation of this Code to intimidate or impose any other form of retaliation on an employee who reports any actual or suspected illegal or unethical conduct. Putnam takes claims of retaliation very seriously and will promptly investigate allegations of retaliation, subjecting anyone found responsible for retaliating against an employee who reported unethical or

illegal conduct to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment. However, an employee who knowingly makes a false report may be subject to discipline.

Section 7 — Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

7.1. Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

Antifraud provisions of the U.S. securities laws as well as the laws of other countries generally prohibit persons who possess material, non-public information from trading on or communicating that information to others. Putnam’s policies, including the Insider Trading Policy that is disclosed along with other compliance policies on the Chief Compliance Officer’s Intranet page, call for strict compliance with such laws. Unlawful trading while in possession of material, non-public information is a very serious matter and can be a crime punishable by imprisonment. There is also significant monetary liability for an inside trader, which can include liability to private plaintiffs and/or the Securities and Exchange Commission, which can seek a court order requiring a violator to pay back profits, as well as penalties substantially greater than those profits. In certain cases, controlling persons of inside traders, including supervisors of inside traders or Putnam itself, can be liable for penalties.

Employees found to have conducted this activity will be immediately referred to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee or Putnam’s Chief Executive Officer to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination.

While employees in the Investment Division are most likely to come into contact with material, non-public information, the rules (and sanctions) in this area apply to all Putnam employees (see Section 7.2 for information on what to do if you believe you may have material, non-public information).

7.2. Reporting and Restrictions

Any employee who believes he or she is (or may be) in possession of material, non-public information must immediately contact Putnam’s Chief Compliance Officer or an attorney in Putnam’s Legal Department, and provide details on the information received and the source. The employee must also take precautions to maintain the confidentiality of the infor- mation in question, and not share this information with anyone outside of Putnam’s Legal and Compliance Division. This provision does not, however, prevent any employee who suspects possible violations of law or regulation from providing such information to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer, or Code of Ethics Officer through the Ombudsman or hotlines or through Putnam’s Human Resources department as described in Section 6.6 or to any governmental agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, including but not limited to the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation.

After reviewing the facts and circumstances, Putnam’s Chief Compliance Officer or Putnam’s Legal Department will make a determination as to whether possession of the information warrants restricting trading activity in the issuer’s securities for client accounts as well as personal securities transactions for employees or whether other steps are appropriate, such as the establishment of an information barrier or other trading restrictions.

7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates

Any employee wishing to place a trade in the securities of Great-West Lifeco Inc., Power Financial Corporation, Power Corporation of Canada, or IGM Financial Inc. must contact the Code of Ethics Officer or the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer to request manual approval of the pre-clearance request. An employee requesting such approval must certify that he or she is not in possession of any material, non-public information regarding the company in which he or she is seeking to place a trade. The decision whether or not to grant the pre-clearance request is in the sole discretion of the

Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Officer and Deputy Code of Ethics Officer will reject any such request for pre-clearance made by (i) directors of a Putnam-branded subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC; and (ii) persons who hold the office of chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, president, vice-president, secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer, or assistant treasurer of Putnam or its Putnam-branded subsidiaries, and any other person who performs functions similar to those normally performed by a person holding such office (as determined by the Legal and Compliance Department) during the period beginning five weeks before and ending two full trading days after the issue of a press release announcing quarterly or annual financial results of Great-West Lifeco Inc.

7.4. Putnam Equity Plan, TH Lee Funds, and Putnam Hedge Funds

Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock shares owned by Putnam Investments, LLC Equity Incentive Plan (or any successor plan) shareholders are administered by the Putnam HR department; therefore, holdings of such shares do not need to be reported under this Code. In addition, the exercise of rights under the Putnam Investment, LLC Equity Incentive Plan to acquire Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock and the sale of such stock during specified window periods does not need to be pre-cleared under this Code, and such transaction does not need to be reported on the quarterly transaction report for Access Persons. However, if an employee holds Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock shares outside of the Putnam Investments, LLC Equity Incentive Plan (for example, in a brokerage account), such brokerage account and the holding must be reported under this Code.

Investments in Putnam hedge funds and in certain TH Lee private funds by employees are administered by the Putnam HR department. Therefore, employees do not need to pre-clear or report such funds under this Code.

7.5. PIL Employees

For PIL employees, certain topics are covered by the Market Abuse rules of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. PIL employees receive information on this topic in their annual instructor-led code of ethics and compliance training.

Section 8 — Sanctions

The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee reviews violations of the Code by employees and approves sanctions that it believes fit the circumstances. These sanctions include written warnings, trading bans, suspension or termination of employment and disgorgement of profits (or payment of losses avoided) from impermissible trading. Sanctions will apply even if the exception results from inadvertence rather than intentional behaviors, although the Committee’s belief that an employee has violated the Code of Ethics intentionally may result in more severe sanctions. Sanctions for subsequent violations (based on a rolling three-year measurement period) may be more severe than for an employee’s initial violation. Sanctions are communicated to the employee and the employee’s manager. All violations concerning the use of material, non-public information, failure to report inside information, or insider trading will be presented to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination. Severe criminal penalties may also be imposed.

Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions

No perceived ambiguity in the Code of Ethics shall excuse any violation. Any employee who has a question concerning the applicability of the Code or believes the Code to be ambiguous in a particular situation should request a determination from the Code of Ethics Officer in advance of the conduct. Employees may also request an exemption from the Code of Ethics if they do so in advance of the conduct or transaction sought to be exempted.

Any employee seeking a determination or exemption shall provide the Code of Ethics Officer with such information as the Code of Ethics Officer deems necessary to render the determination or make a decision on the exemption.

Appendix

[GRAPHIC OMITTED: CFA INSTITUTE LOGO]

CODE OF ETHICS AND STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

PREAMBLE

The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct are fundamental to the values of CFA Institute and essential to achieving its mission to lead the investment profession globally by promoting the highest standards of ethics, education, and professional excellence for the ultimate benefit of society. High ethical standards are critical to maintaining the public’s trust in financial markets and in the investment profession. Since their creation in the 1960s, the Code and Standards have promoted the integrity of CFA Institute members and served as a model for measuring the ethics of investment professionals globally, regardless of job function, cultural differences, or local laws and regulations. All CFA Institute members (including holders of the Chartered Financial Analyst® [CFA®] designation) and CFA candidates must abide by the Code and Standards and are encouraged to notify their employer of this responsibility. Violations may result in disciplinary sanctions by CFA Institute. Sanctions can include revocation of membership, revocation of candidacy in the CFA Program, and revocation of the right to use the CFA designation.

THE CODE OF ETHICS

Members of CFA Institute (including CFA charterholders) and candidates for the CFA designation (“Members and Candidates”) must:

• Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets.

• Place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interests.

• Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities.

• Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the profession.

• Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets for the ultimate benefit of society.

• Maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals.

STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

I. PROFESSIONALISM

A. Knowledge of the Law. Members and Candidates must under-stand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct) of any government, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing their professional activities. In the event of conflict, Members and Candidates must comply with the more strict law, rule, or regulation. Members and Candidates must not knowingly participate or assist in and must dissociate from any violation of such laws, rules, or regulations.

B. Independence and Objectivity. Members and Candidates must use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in their professional activities. Members and Candidates must not offer, solicit, or accept any gift, benefit, compensation, or consideration that reasonably could be expected to compromise their own or another’s independence and objectivity.

C. Misrepresentation. Members and Candidates must not knowingly make any misrepresentations relating to investment analysis, recommendations, actions, or other professional activities.

D. Misconduct. Members and Candidates must not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, or deceit or commit any act that reflects adversely on their professional reputation, integrity, or competence.

II. INTEGRITY OF CAPITAL MARKETS

A. Material Nonpublic Information. Members and Candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information.

B. Market Manipulation. Members and Candidates must not engage in practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume with the intent to mislead market participants.

III. DUTIES TO CLIENTS

A. Loyalty, Prudence, and Care. Members and Candidates have a duty of loyalty to their clients and must act with reasonable care and exercise prudent judgment. Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their clients and place their clients’ interests before their employer’s or their own interests.

B. Fair Dealing. Members and Candidates must deal fairly and objectively with all clients when providing investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment action, or engaging in other professional activities.

C. Suitability.

1. When Members and Candidates are in an advisory relationship with a client, they must:

a. Make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s or prospective client’s investment experience, risk and return objectives, and financial constraints prior to making any investment recommendation or taking investment action and must reassess and update this information regularly.

b. Determine that an investment is suitable to the client’s financial situation and consistent with the client’s written objectives, mandates, and constraints before making an investment recommendation or taking investment action.

c. Judge the suitability of investments in the context of the client’s total portfolio.

2. When Members and Candidates are responsible for managing a portfolio to a specific mandate, strategy, or style, they must make only investment recommendations or take only investment actions that are consistent with the stated objectives and constraints of the portfolio.

D. Performance Presentation. When communicating investment performance information, Members and Candidates must make reasonable efforts to ensure that it is fair, accurate, and complete.

E. Preservation of Confidentiality. Members and Candidates must keep information about current, former, and prospective clients confidential unless:

1. The information concerns illegal activities on the part of the client or prospective client,

2. Disclosure is required by law, or

3. The client or prospective client permits disclosure of the information.

IV. DUTIES TO EMPLOYERS

A. Loyalty. In matters related to their employment, Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive their employer of the advantage of their skills and abilities, divulge confidential information, or otherwise cause harm to their employer.

B. Additional Compensation Arrangements. Members and Candidates must not accept gifts, benefits, compensation, or consideration that competes with or might reasonably be expected to create a conflict of interest with their employer’s interest unless they obtain written consent from all parties involved.

C. Responsibilities of Supervisors. Members and Candidates must make reasonable efforts to ensure that anyone subject to their supervision or authority complies with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and the Code and Standards.

V. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND ACTIONS

A. Diligence and Reasonable Basis. Members and Candidates must:

1. Exercise diligence, independence, and thoroughness in analyzing investments, making investment recommendations, and taking investment actions.

2. Have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for any investment analysis, recommendation, or action.

B. Communication with Clients and Prospective Clients. Members and Candidates must:

1. Disclose to clients and prospective clients the basic format and general principles of the investment processes they use to analyze investments, select securities, and construct port-folios and must promptly disclose any changes that might materially affect those processes.

2. Disclose to clients and prospective clients significant limitations and risks associated with the investment process.

3. Use reasonable judgment in identifying which factors are important to their investment analyses, recommendations, or actions and include those factors in communications with clients and prospective clients.

4. Distinguish between fact and opinion in the presentation of investment analysis and recommendations.

C. Record Retention. Members and Candidates must develop and maintain appropriate records to support their investment analyses, recommendations, actions, and other investment-related communications with clients and prospective clients.

VI. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

A. Disclosure of Conflicts. Members and Candidates must make full and fair disclosure of all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity or interfere with respective duties to their clients, prospective clients, and employer. Members and Candidates must ensure that such disclosures are prominent, are delivered in plain language, and communicate the relevant information effectively.

B. Priority of Transactions. Investment transactions for clients and employers must have priority over investment transactions in which a Member or Candidate is the beneficial owner.

C. Referral Fees. Members and Candidates must disclose to their employer, clients, and prospective clients, as appropriate, any compensation, consideration, or benefit received from or paid to others for the recommendation of products or services.

VII. RESPONSIBILITIES AS A CFA INSTITUTE MEMBER OR CFA CANDIDATE

A. Conduct as Participants in CFA Institute Programs. Members and Candidates must not engage in any conduct that compromises the reputation or integrity of CFA Institute or the CFA designation or the integrity, validity, or security of the CFA Institute programs.

B. Reference to CFA Institute, the CFA Designation, and the CFA Program. When referring to CFA Institute, CFA Institute membership, the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA Program, Members and Candidates must not misrepresent or exaggerate the meaning or implications of membership in CFA Institute, holding the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA program.

[GRAPHIC OMITTED: CFA INSTITUTE LOGO]

www.cfainstitute.org


Putnam Investments \| 100 Federal Street \| Boston, MA02110 \| putnam.com	HR104 318763 10/19

THE PUTNAM FUNDS

Code of Ethics

Each of The Putnam Funds (the “Funds”) has determined to adopt this Code of Ethics with respect to certain activities by officers and Trustees of the Funds which might be deemed to create possible conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures with respect to such activities.

Rules Applicable to Officers and Trustees Affiliated with Putnam Investments Trust or Its Subsidiaries

Incorporation of Adviser’s Code of Ethics. The provisions of the Code of Ethics for employees of Putnam Investments Trust and its subsidiaries (the “Putnam Investments Code of Ethics”), which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein as the Funds’ Code of Ethics applicable to officers and Trustees of the Funds who are employees of the Funds or officers, directors or employees of Putnam Investments Trust or its subsidiaries. A violation of the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of the Funds’ Code.

Review and Reporting.

(1)

(2)

If the Code of Ethics Officer determines that a violation of any provision of this Code has or may have occurred, he shall submit his written determination, together with any additional explanatory material, to the Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee of the Funds at its next meeting when Code of Ethics matters are discussed.

Sanctions. In addition to reporting violations of this Code to the Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee of the Funds as provided in Section I-C(2), the Code of Ethics Officer shall also report to such Committee any sanctions imposed with respect to such violations.

II.

Rules Applicable to Unaffiliated Trustees

Definitions.

(1)

(2)

“Control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

(3)

“Covered Person” means an affiliated person of the Fund, who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

(4)

(5)

“Purchase or sale of a security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.

(6)

(7)

(8)

“Unaffiliated Trustee” means a Trustee who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

Prohibited Actions. No Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Covered Person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund, shall:

(1)

Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

(2)

(3)

Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

(4)

Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

Reporting.

(1)

Every Unaffiliated Trustee of a Fund shall file with the Funds’ Compliance Liaison a report containing the information described in Section II-C(2) of this Code with respect to purchases or sales of any security in which such Unaffiliated Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, if such Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee:

(a)

such security was or is to be purchased or sold by the Fund or

(b)

such security was or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund;

(2)

Every report shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

(a)

The date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount of each security involved;

(b)

The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(c)

The price at which the transaction was effected;

(d)

The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and

(e)

The date that the report is submitted by each Unaffiliated Trustee.

(3)

(4)

Review and Reporting.

(1)

The Compliance Liaison of the Funds, in consultation with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments, shall cause the reported personal securities transactions that he receives pursuant to Section II-C(1) to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Funds to determine whether any prohibited action listed in Section II-B may have occurred.

(2)

Before making any determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Compliance Liaison shall give the person involved an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

Sanctions. If the Compliance Liaison determines that a violation of this Code has occurred, he shall so advise the Funds’ Audit, Compliance and Risk Committee, and provide the Committee with a report of the matter, including any additional information supplied by such person. The Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

III.

Miscellaneous

(1)

A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

(2)

(3)

(4)

A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

(5)

Confidentiality. All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed with any Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject to review as provided herein and by personnel of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Interpretation of Provisions. The Trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.

As revised June 25, 2021.

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