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Form 485BPOS NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND

July 26, 2019 10:42 AM EDT

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 26, 2019

 

Securities Act Registration No. 333-174926

Investment Company Act Registration No. 811-22549

 

 

FORM N-1A

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 x

Pre-Effective Amendment No.

Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 x

 

and/or

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 x

Amendment No. 439

(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)

 

Northern Lights Fund Trust II

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

225 Pictoria Drive, Suite 450

Cincinnati, OH 45246

 (Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

 

(402) 895-1600

 (Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

The Corporation Trust Company

Corporate Trust Center

251 Little Falls Drive

Wilmington, DE 19808

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

With a copy to:

   

David J. Baum, Esq.

Alston & Bird, LLP

950 F Street NW

Washington, DC 20004

(202) 239-3346

Kevin Wolf

Gemini Fund Services, LLC

80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110

Hauppauge, New York 11788

(631) 470-2635

 

 Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

( )        immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b).

(X ) On July 31, 2019 pursuant to paragraph (b).

( )       60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).

( )        On ____________ (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

( )        75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).

(  )        on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

( ) this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

Pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, Registrant hereby elects to register an indefinite number of shares of Registrant and any series thereof hereinafter created.

 
 

 

 

 EXPLANATORY NOTE

This Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 to the Registration Statement contains the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information describing the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund (the “Fund”), a series of the Registrant. This Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement is organized as follows: (a) Prospectus relating to the Fund; (b) Statement of Additional Information relating to the Fund; and (c) Part C Information relating to all series of the Registrant. The Prospectuses and Statements of Additional Information for the other series of the Registrant are not affected hereby.

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

TWO OAKS DIVERSIFIED Growth

and INCOME FUND

 

CLASS A SHARES: TWOAX

 

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17645 Wright Street, Suite 200

Omaha NE 68130

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment Company Act No. 811-22549

 
 

Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund

 

A series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II (the “Trust”)

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

SUMMARY SECTION 1
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RELATED RISKS AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 6
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE 6
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES 6
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS 6
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION 9
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND 10
THE ADVISER 10
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS 10
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION 11
SHARE CLASSES 11
MORE ABOUT CLASS A SHARES 11
SHARE PRICE 13
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES 14
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES 16
TOOLS TO COMBAT FREQUENT TRANSACTIONS 19
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES 20
DISTRIBUTION AND TAXES 21
TAX STATUS, DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 21
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 22
PRIVACY NOTICE 24
 
 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund (the “Fund”) is long-term growth of capital and income.

 

Fees and Expenses of the Fund

This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts on Class A shares if you invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $25,000 in the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and under “Shareholder Information– More About Class A Shares” beginning on page 11 of this Prospectus.

 

Shareholder Fees

(fees paid directly from your investment)

CLASS A
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) 5.75%

Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load)

(as a % of the lesser of the original offering price or their NAV at redemption)

NONE
Redemption Fee NONE

Annual Fund Operating Expenses

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 
Management Fees 0.60%
Distribution and/or Shareholder Servicing (Rule 12b-1) Fees 0.25%
Other Expenses 0.84%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (1) 0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses 1.70%

(1) This number represents the combined total fees and operating expenses of the acquired funds owned by the Fund and is not a direct expense incurred by the Fund or deducted from the Fund assets. Since this number does not represent a direct operating expense of the Fund, the operating expenses set forth in the Fund’s financial highlights do not include this figure.

 

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

  1 YEAR 3 YEARS 5 YEARS 10 YEARS
CLASS A $738 $1,080 $1,445 $2,468

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 15% of the average value of the portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests principally in the following three asset classes: equity securities (across all market capitalizations, including common and preferred stock), investment grade fixed income securities of any maturity, and real estate and asset-based securities (which are securities that represent an interest in commodities related industries). Equity securities include common stocks and convertible securities rated at least Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or at least BBB- by Standard and Poor’s Rating Group (“S&P”); however, the Fund reserves the right to invest in lower-rated convertible securities that the portfolio managers believe offer the prospect of higher total returns (interest plus capital appreciation) than normally expected from such securities. Lower-rated securities are not considered investment grade, and are deemed to have the status of “junk bonds.” Using a proprietary multiple asset allocation model to determine the exact allocations, the Fund allocates 15% to 50% of its assets to each of the three asset classes, although in most economic environments the allocation is expected to be in approximately equal proportions. The Fund, under certain circumstances, will invest in exchange-traded and closed-end funds for liquidity and diversification purposes. Individual securities are selected based on a process of statistical screening followed by fundamental analysis. Those securities that are deemed fundamentally attractive are then put through a proprietary valuation process to determine at what price levels they would be deemed attractive to own. The Fund will sell securities when the model indicates that the target price has been reached, a greater value exists in another sector or a new, more desirable security presents better upside potential.

 

Principal Investment Risks

All mutual funds carry a certain amount of risk, including the risk that the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund.

 

Asset-Backed Securities Risk: Asset-backed securities may decline in value when defaults on the underlying assets occur and may exhibit additional volatility in periods of changing interest rates. When interest rates decline, the prepayment of mortgages or assets underlying such securities may require the Fund to reinvest such prepaid funds at lower prevailing interest rates, resulting in reduced returns.

 

Closed-End Investment Company Risk: Closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value, which may affect whether the Fund will realize gain or loss upon its sale of the closed-end investment company’s shares. Closed-end investment companies may employ leverage, which also subjects the closed-end investment company to increased risks such as increased volatility.

 

Commodities Risk: Investments in companies engaged in exploration, mining, processing, distributing or dealing in gold, other precious metals, minerals and other commodities involves certain risks. These include unpredictable monetary policies and economic and political developments, such as currency devaluation or revaluations; increased environmental costs; concentration of the sources of the supply of commodities, and control over their sale; changes in U.S. or foreign tax, currency, environmental or mining laws; and trade restrictions between countries.

 

Company Risk: Because of changes in the financial condition or prospects of specific companies, the individual stocks selected by the Fund’s portfolio manager may decline in value.

 

Credit Risk: The issuer of a fixed income security may not be able to make interest and principal payments when due. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the greater the risk that the issuer will default on its obligation.

 

Cyber Security Risk: As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become more susceptible to operational, financial and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. Successful cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions affecting the Fund or its service providers can result in, among other things, financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders, the inability to process transactions with shareholders or other parties and the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information. While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there are inherent limitations in such measures and there is no guarantee those measures will be effective, particularly since the Fund does not directly control the cyber security measures of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies in which it invests or with which it does business.

 

Equity Securities Risk: The Fund invests in common stock (and securities convertible into common stocks) and may also invest in preferred stocks, which subjects the Fund and its shareholders to the risks associated with common stock investing. Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as domestic economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels, and political events affect the securities markets. When the value of the Fund’s investments goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value and you could lose money.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETF”) Risk: Investment in an ETF carries security specific risk and the market risk. Also, if the area of the market representing the underlying index or benchmark does not perform as expected for any reason, the value of the investment in the ETF may decline. In addition, due to transactions via market prices rather than at net asset value, the performance of an ETF may not completely replicate the performance of the underlying index.

 

General Risk: There is no assurance that the Fund can achieve its investment objective, since all investments are inherently subject to risks. When you sell your Fund shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them.

 

Government Risk: The U. S. government’s guarantee of ultimate payment of principal and timely payment of interest on certain U. S. government securities owned by the Fund does not imply that the Fund’s shares are guaranteed or that the price of the Fund’s shares will not fluctuate.

 

Interest Rate Risk: The value of your investment may decrease when interest rates rise. Generally, due to changes in interest rates and other factors, the value of a portfolio of bonds with a longer effective maturity will fluctuate more than the value of a portfolio of bonds with a shorter effective maturity.

 

Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality bonds, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price.

 

Large-Cap Securities Risk: Stocks of large companies as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing the Fund to underperform investments that have a greater focus on mid-cap or small-cap stocks. Larger, more established companies may be slow to respond to challenges and may grow more slowly than smaller companies.

 

Management Risk: The portfolio manager may select investments that decline in value, or allocate the fund’s investments to asset classes that do not perform well.

 

Medium-Size Issuer Risk: Investments in medium capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic developments than investments in larger, more established organizations.

 

Prepayment Risk: The value of the asset-backed securities held by the Fund may go down as a result of changes in prepayment rates on the underlying mortgages. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities usually accelerates. Prepayment may shorten the effective maturities of these securities, and the Fund may have to reinvest at a lower interest rate.

 

Real Estate Securities Risk: The Fund’s investments in real estate securities are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate. Real estate values rise and fall in response to many factors, including local, regional and national economic conditions, the demand for rental property, and interest rates. The performance of the real estate securities in which the Fund invests is also largely dependent on the organization, skill and capital funding of the managers and operators of the underlying real estate.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) Risk: In addition to the risks facing real estate securities, the Fund’s investments in REIT generally involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume and may be more volatile than other securities.

 

 

Sector Risk: Securities within the same group of industries may decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. If the Fund invests more heavily in a particular sector, the value of its shares may be especially sensitive to factors and economic risks that specifically affect that sector. As a result, the Fund’s share price may fluctuate more widely than the value of shares of a mutual fund that invests in a broader range of industries.

 

Small-Cap Risk: The Fund will invest in companies that are considered to be small-cap (less than $3 billion in total market capitalization). Small-cap companies can be riskier investments than larger capitalized companies due to their lack of experience, product diversification, cash reserves and management depth. Further, small-cap company stocks can be much more volatile than larger companies and may be less liquid.

 

Stock Market Risk: The stock market is subject to significant fluctuations in value as a result of political, economic and market developments. If the stock market declines in value, the Fund is likely to decline in value.

 

Performance

The bar chart and performance table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the performance of the Fund’s shares. The bar chart shows changes in the yearly performance of the Fund’s shares over the lifetime of the Fund. The sales charge is not reflected in the bar chart, and if it were, returns would be less than those shown. The performance table compares the performance of the Fund over time to the performance of the S&P® 500 Index. The sales charge is reflected in the table, and if it was not included, the return would be more than that shown. You should be aware that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) may not be an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

 

The Fund was reorganized on August 4, 2011 from the Montecito Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of The Santa Barbara Group of Mutual Funds, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Predecessor Company”) into a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Reorganization”). The Fund is a continuation of the Predecessor Fund and, therefore, the performance information includes performance of the Predecessor Fund.

 

Class A shares

Performance Bar Chart For Calendar Years Ending On December 31,

 

During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest return for a quarter was 16.22% (quarter ended June 30, 2009), and the lowest return for a quarter was -13.07% (quarter ended December 31, 2018). The Fund’s year-to-date total return through June 30, 2019 was 14.25%.

 

Average Annual Total Returns

(for the periods ended on December 31, 2018)

  One Year Five Years Ten Years Life of Fund*
Class A Return before taxes -15.42% 2.61% 8.25% 3.88%
Return after taxes on distributions -16.61% 1.54% 7.24% 3.05%
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares -8.18% 1.92% 6.53% 2.94%
S&P 500 ® Index
(reflects no deductions for fees, expenses or taxes)
-4.38% 8.49% 13.12% 7.19%

* The Predecessor Fund commenced operations on April 15, 2002.

 

After-tax returns were calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold shares of the Fund through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

In certain cases, the figure representing “Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Fund shares” are higher than the other return figures for the same period. A higher after-tax return results when a capital loss occurs upon redemption and translates into an assumed tax deduction that benefits the shareholder.

 

The S&P 500® Index is widely regarded as the best single gauge of large-cap U.S. equities. There is over USD 7.8 trillion benchmarked to the index, with index assets comprising approximately USD 2.2 trillion of this total. The index includes 500 leading companies and captures approximately 80% coverage of available market capitalization.

 

Investment Adviser. Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC (the “Adviser”).

 

Portfolio Managers. The following serve as the Fund’s portfolio managers:

 

Portfolio Manager Primary Title

With the Fund and

Predecessor Fund Since:

Blake T. Todd

 

Jarrett Perez

Chief Executive Officer of the Adviser and
Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund

Co-owner of the Adviser and
Co-Portfolio Manager of the Fund

November 2005

 

November 2006

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Share

The minimum initial investment to open an account is $2,500 for regular accounts, $1,000 for retirement accounts and $500 for Coverdell ESA accounts. The minimum subsequent investment is $1,000 for regular accounts, $100 for retirement accounts and $500 for Coverdell ESA accounts. You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. Purchases and redemptions may be made by mail to Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130 or by calling 1-855-896-6257.

 

Tax Information

Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-deferred account such as an IRA or 401(k) plan.

 

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, RELATED RISKS AND
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the Fund is long-term growth of capital and income.

 

The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval, although the Fund will provide shareholders with notice of any change to the Fund’s investment objectives at least 60 days prior to such change.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund invests principally in the following three asset classes: equity securities (across all market capitalizations, including common and preferred stock), investment grade fixed income securities of any maturity, and real estate and asset-based securities (which are securities that represent an interest in commodities related industries). Equity securities include common stocks and convertible securities rated at least Baa3 by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or at least BBB- by Standard and Poor’s Rating Group (“S&P”); however, the Fund reserves the right to invest in lower-rated convertible securities that the portfolio manager believes offer the prospect of higher total returns (interest plus capital appreciation) than normally expected from such securities. Lower-rated securities are not considered investment grade, and are deemed to have the status of “junk bonds.”

 

Using a proprietary multiple asset allocation model to determine the exact allocations, the Fund allocates 15% to 50% of its assets to each of the three asset classes, although in most economic environments the allocation is expected to be in approximately equal proportions. The Fund, under certain circumstances, will invest in exchange-traded and closed-end funds for liquidity and diversification purposes. The Fund will sell securities when the model indicates that the target price has been reached, a greater value exists in another sector or a new, more desirable security presents better upside potential.

 

The Fund’s portfolio managers believe that utilizing the multiple asset approach to building the Fund’s portfolio over the long-term will help to reduce the Fund’s volatility. By reducing volatility, Fund seeks to achieve long-term growth of capital through both income generation and capital appreciation. With the Adviser’s proprietary sector analysis, the portfolio managers adjust the allocations to each of the three major asset classes depending on their relative value.

 

For defensive purposes, in abnormal market conditions or economic situations as determined by the Adviser, the Fund, however, may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, and high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objectives during that period.

 

Principal Investment Risks

All mutual funds carry a certain amount of risk, including the risk that the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. The Fund’s returns will vary and you could lose money on your investment in the Fund.

 

Asset-Backed Securities Risk: Asset-backed securities may decline in value when defaults on the underlying assets occur and may exhibit additional volatility in periods of changing interest rates. When interest rates decline, the prepayment of mortgages or assets underlying such securities may require the Fund to reinvest such prepaid funds at lower prevailing interest rates, resulting in reduced returns.

 

Closed-End Investment Company Risk: Closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value, which may affect whether the Fund will realize gain or loss upon its sale of the closed-end investment company’s shares. Closed-end investment companies may employ leverage, which also subjects the closed-end investment company to increased risks such as increased volatility.

 

Commodities Risk: Investments in companies engaged in exploration, mining, processing, distributing or dealing in gold, other precious metals, minerals and other commodities involves certain risks. These include unpredictable monetary policies and economic and political developments, such as currency devaluation or revaluations; increased environmental costs; concentration of the sources of the supply of commodities, and control over their sale; changes in U.S. or foreign tax, currency, environmental or mining laws; and trade restrictions between countries.

 

Company Risk: Because of changes in the financial condition or prospects of specific companies, the individual stocks selected by the Fund’s portfolio manager may decline in value, thereby causing the Fund to decline in value.

 

Credit Risk: The issuer of a fixed income security may not be able to make interest and principal payments when due. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the greater the risk that the issuer will default on its obligation.

 

Cyber Security Risk: As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, the Fund has become more susceptible to operational, financial and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. Successful cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions affecting the Fund or its service providers can result in, among other things, financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders, the inability to process transactions with shareholders or other parties and the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information. While measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there are inherent limitations in such measures and there is no guarantee those measures will be effective, particularly since the Fund does not directly control the cyber security measures of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies in which it invests or with which it does business.

 

Equity Securities Risk: The Fund invests in common stock (and securities convertible into common stocks) and may also invest in preferred stocks, which subjects the Fund and its shareholders to the risks associated with common stock investing. These risks include the financial risk of selecting securities that do not perform as anticipated, the risk that the stock markets in which the Fund invests may experience periods of turbulence and instability, and the general risk that domestic and global economies may go through periods of decline and cyclical change. The Fund may also invest in preferred stock which is subject to many of the risks associated with debt securities, including interest rate risk. In addition, preferred stock may not pay a dividend, an issuer may suspend payment of dividends on preferred stock at any time, and in certain situations an issuer may call or redeem its preferred stock or convert it to common stock. Many factors affect the performance of each company, including the strength of the company’s management or the demand for its product or services. You should be aware that the value of a company’s share price may decline as a result of poor decisions made by management or lower demand for the company’s products or services. In addition, a company’s share price may also decline if its earnings or revenues fall short of expectations. There are overall stock market risks that may also affect the value of the Fund. Over time, stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods when stock prices rise generally and periods when stock prices decline generally. The value of the Fund’s investments may increase or decrease more than stock markets in general. Of course, the Fund is subject to these same risks to the extent that it invests directly in common stocks.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETF”) Risk: Investment in an ETF carries security specific risk and the market risk. Also, if the area of the market representing the underlying index or benchmark does not perform as expected for any reason, the value of the investment in the ETF may decline. In addition, due to transactions via market prices rather than at net asset value, the performance of an ETF may not completely replicate the performance of the underlying index. The Fund will indirectly pay its proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by the ETF in which it invests in addition to the fees and expenses paid directly by the Fund, many of which may be duplicative. The Fund also will incur brokerage costs when it purchases ETFs. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund generally will be higher than the cost of investing directly in ETFs.

 

General Risk: There is no assurance that the Fund can achieve its investment objective, since all investments are inherently subject to risks. The Fund generally is appropriate for long-term investors who understand the potential risks and rewards of investing in common stocks. When you sell your Fund shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them, because the value of the Fund’s investments will vary from day-to-day.

 

Government Risk: The U.S. government’s guarantee of ultimate payment of principal and timely payment of interest on certain U. S. government securities owned by the Fund does not imply that the Fund’s shares are guaranteed or that the price of the Fund’s shares will not fluctuate. In addition, certain securities, such as those issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Banks are not obligations of, or insured by, the U.S. government. If a U.S. government agency or instrumentality in which the Fund invests defaults and the U.S. government does not stand behind the obligation, the Fund’s share price or yield could fall.

 

Interest Rate Risk: The value of your investment may decrease when interest rates rise. The specific maturities of fixed income securities in which the Fund invests may fall in value more than other maturities. Generally, due to changes in interest rates and other factors, the value of a portfolio of bonds with a longer effective maturity will fluctuate more than the value of a portfolio of bonds with a shorter effective maturity.

 

Junk Bond Risk: Lower-quality bonds, known as “high yield” or “junk” bonds, present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond’s issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the Fund’s share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include “Rule 144A” securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price.

 

Large-Cap Securities Risk: Stocks of large companies as a group can fall out of favor with the market, causing the Fund to underperform investments that have a greater focus on mid-cap or small-cap stocks. Larger, more established companies may be slow to respond to challenges and may grow more slowly than smaller companies.

 

Management Risk: The portfolio manager may select stocks that decline in value and do not experience growth as anticipated.

 

Medium-Size Issuer Risk: Investments in medium capitalization companies may be more vulnerable than larger, more established organizations to adverse business or economic developments. In particular, medium-capitalization companies may have more price volatility, greater spreads between their bid and ask prices, significantly lower trading volumes, and cyclical or static growth prospects. Medium-capitalization companies often have limited product lines, markets, and financial resources and may be dependent upon a relatively small management group. These securities may trade over-the-counter or on an exchange and may or may not pay dividends.

 

Prepayment Risk: The value of the asset-backed securities held by the Fund may go down as a result of changes in prepayment rates on the underlying mortgages. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities usually accelerates. Prepayment may shorten the effective maturities of these securities, and the Fund may have to reinvest at a lower interest rate.

 

 

Real Estate Securities Risk: The Fund’s investments in real estate securities are subject to the same risks as direct investments in real estate. Real estate values rise and fall in response to many factors, including local, regional and national economic conditions, the demand for rental property, and interest rates. When economic growth is slowing, demand for property decreases and prices may fall. Rising interest rates, which drive up mortgage and financing costs, can affect the profitability and liquidity of properties in the real estate market. Property values may also decrease because of overbuilding, extended vacancies, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, zoning laws, environmental regulations, clean-up of and liability for environmental hazards, uninsured casualty or condemnation losses, or a general decline in neighborhood values. The Fund’s investments and your investment may decline in response to declines in property values or other adverse changes to the real estate market. The performance of the real estate securities in which the Fund invests is also largely dependent on the organization, skill and capital funding of the managers and operators of the underlying real estate.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) Risk: In addition to the risks facing real estate securities, the Fund’s investments in REITs generally involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume and may be more volatile than other securities.

 

Sector Risk: Securities within the same group of industries may decline in price due to sector-specific market or economic developments. If the Fund invests more heavily in a particular sector, the value of its shares may be especially sensitive to factors and economic risks that specifically affect that sector. As a result, the Fund’s share price may fluctuate more widely than the value of shares of a mutual fund that invests in a broader range of industries. Additionally, some sectors could be subject to greater government regulation than other sectors. Therefore, changes in regulatory policies for those sectors may have a material effect on the value of securities issued by companies in those sectors. The sectors in which the Fund may invest more heavily will vary.

 

Small Cap Risk: The Fund may invest in companies that are considered to be small-cap (less than $3 billion in total market capitalization). Small-cap companies can be riskier investments than larger capitalized companies due to their lack of experience, product diversification, cash reserves and management depth. Further, small-cap company stocks can be much more volatile than larger companies because changes in the economic climate can have a more pronounced effect on smaller companies. Small cap companies may be more thinly traded than larger capitalization companies and subject to liquidity risk.

 

Stock Market Risk: The stock market is subject to significant fluctuations in value as a result of political, economic and market developments. If the stock market declines in value, the Fund is likely to decline in value. The stock market trades in cyclical price patterns, with prices generally rising or falling over time. These cyclical periods may last for significant periods.

 

Temporary Investments

Under abnormal market or economic conditions, the Fund may adopt a temporary defensive investment position in the market. When the Fund assumes such a position, cash reserves may be a significant percentage (up to 100%) of the Fund’s total net assets. To the extent the Fund invests in money market mutual funds for cash positions, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund pays its pro-rata portion of such money market funds’ advisory fees and operational fees. During times when the Fund holds a significant portion of its net assets in cash, it will not be investing according to its investment objective, and the Fund’s performance may be negatively affected as a result.

 

Portfolio Holdings Information

A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s SAI.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

The Adviser

The Fund has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement (“Advisory Agreement”) with Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC, 7110 North Fresno Street, Suite 450, Fresno, CA 93720, under which the Adviser manages the Fund’s investments subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund compensates the Adviser for its investment advisory services at the annual rate of 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees renewal of the advisory agreement is available in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders dated March 31, 2019.

 

Fund Expenses: The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses.

 

For the most recent fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Adviser received an advisory fee equal to 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.

 

Portfolio Managers

Blake T. Todd, AIF® is the lead portfolio manager responsible for the day to day management of the Fund. Mr. Todd is the majority owner of the Adviser. In addition to the Fund, Mr. Todd serves as lead portfolio manager for Montecito Investment Portfolios offered through the Crowell Weedon Asset Management program at DA Davidson & Co.
At DA Davidson & Co. he manages individual portfolios for private clients and retirement funds under the CWAM - Montecito Investment Portfolios program (“CWAM”) within the DA Davidson & Co RIA. Prior to joining DA Davidson & Co., Mr. Todd held various sales, portfolio management and management positions with Crowell Weedon & Co., The Seidler Companies, Sutro-RBC Dain Rauscher, Shearson Smith Barney, Kidder Peabody, and Dean Witter Reynolds beginning in 1979.

 

Jarrett Perez, CFA, is a co-manager of the Fund. Mr. Perez is a minority owner of the Adviser. Mr. Perez also has worked at DA Davidson & Co. since 2013. Mr. Perez serves as the assistant portfolio manager for private clients and retirement funds in the CWAM at DA Davidson & Co. Prior to joining DA Davidson & Co., Mr. Perez held various sales and operational duties with Crowell Weedon & Co, The Seidler Companies and UBS-Paine Weber beginning in 2002.

 

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about the portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed and their ownership of Fund shares.

 

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

 

Share Classes

The Trust has adopted a multiple class plan that allows the Fund to offer one or more classes of shares. The Fund has registered two classes of shares – Class A shares and Class C shares. Currently only Class A shares are available for purchase. Class A shares are charged a front-end sales load. The Class A shares are also charged a 0.25% Rule 12b-1 distribution and servicing fee.

 

More About Class A Shares

Class A shares are offered at their public offering price, which is NAV plus the applicable sales charge and is subject to 12b-1 distribution fees of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class A shares. The sales charge varies, depending on how much you invest. There are no sales charges on reinvested distributions. The Fund reserves the right to waive sales charges at its discretion. The following sales charges apply to your purchases of Class A shares of the Fund:

 

 

Amount Invested

Sales Charge as a % of

Offering Price(1)

Sales Charge as a % of

Amount Invested

Dealer

Reallowance

Under $25,000 5.75% 6.10% 5.00%
$25,000 to $49,999 5.25% 5.54% 4.50%
$50,000 to $99,999 4.75% 4.99% 4.00%
$100,000 to $249,999 3.75% 3.83% 3.00%
$250,000 to $499,999 2.50% 2.56% 2.00%
$500,000 to $999,999 2.00% 2.04% 1.50%
$1,000,000 and above 1.00% 1.02% 0.75%
(1)Offering price includes the front-end sales load. The sales charge you pay may differ slightly from the amount set forth above because of rounding that occurs in the calculation used to determine your sales charge.

 

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130 (the “Distributor”), the Fund’s principal underwriter, will pay the appropriate dealer concession to those selected dealers who have entered into an agreement with the Distributor to sell shares of the Fund. The dealer’s concession may be changed from time to time. The Distributor may from time to time offer incentive compensation to dealers who sell shares of the Fund subject to sales charges, allowing such dealers to retain an additional portion of the sales load.

 

Reducing Your Sales Charge

You may be eligible to purchase Class A shares at a reduced sales charge. To qualify for these reductions, you must notify the Fund’s distributor, Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the “distributor”), in writing and supply your account number at the time of purchase. You may combine your purchase with those of your “immediate family” (your spouse and your children under the age of 21) for purposes of determining eligibility. If applicable, you will need to provide the account numbers of your spouse and your minor children as well as the ages of your minor children.

 

Letter of Intent: Under a Letter of Intent (“LOI”), you commit to purchase a specified dollar amount of Class A shares of the Fund, with a minimum of $50,000, during a 13-month period. At your written request, Class A shares purchases made during the previous 90 days may be included. The amount you agree to purchase determines the initial sales charge you pay. If the full-face amount of the LOI is not invested by the end of the 13-month period, your account will be adjusted to the higher initial sales charge level for the amount actually invested. You are not legally bound by the terms of your LOI to purchase the amount of your shares stated in the LOI. The LOI does, however, authorize the Fund to hold in escrow 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase. If you do not complete the total intended purchase at the end of the 13 month period, the Fund’s transfer agent will redeem the necessary portion of the escrowed shares to make up the difference between the reduced rate sales charge (based on the amount you intended to purchase) and the sales charge that would normally apply (based on the actual amount you purchased).

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Right of Accumulation: To qualify for the lower sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases of Class A shares, you may combine your new purchases of Class A shares with Class A shares of the Fund that you already own. The applicable initial sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current value of all other Class A shares that you own. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares.

 

Shares of the Fund held as follows cannot be combined with your current purchase for purposes of reduced sales charges:

·Shares held indirectly through financial intermediaries other than your current purchase broker-dealer
(for example, a different broker-dealer, a bank, a separate insurance company account or an investment advisor);
·Shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan
(for example, a 401(k) plan) other than employer-sponsored IRAs;
·Shares held directly in the Fund account on which the broker-dealer (financial advisor) of record is different than your current purchase broker-dealer.

 

Waiving Your Class A Sales Charge

The sales charge on purchases of Class A shares is waived for certain types of investors, including:

·Current and retired directors and officers of the Fund sponsored by the adviser or any of its subsidiaries, their families (e.g., spouse, children, mother or father) and any purchases referred through the adviser.
·Employees of the adviser and their families, or any full-time employee or registered representative of the distributor or of broker-dealers having dealer agreements with the distributor (a “Selling Broker”) and their immediate families (or any trust, pension, profit sharing or other benefit plan for the benefit of such persons).
·Any full-time employee of a bank, savings and loan, credit union or other financial institution that utilizes a Selling Broker to clear purchases of the fund’s shares and their immediate families.
·Participants in certain “wrap-fee” or asset allocation programs or other fee-based arrangements sponsored by broker-dealers and other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the distributor.
·Clients of financial intermediaries that have entered into arrangements with the distributor providing for the shares to be used in particular investment products made available to such clients and for which such registered investment advisors may charge a separate fee.
·Institutional investors (which may include bank trust departments and registered investment advisors).
·Any accounts established on behalf of registered investment advisors or their clients by broker-dealers that charge a transaction fee and that have entered into agreements with the distributor.
·Separate accounts used to fund certain unregistered variable annuity contracts or Section 403(b) or 401(a) or (k) accounts.
·Employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plans with total plan assets in excess of $5 million where the plan’s investments in the Fund are part of an omnibus account. A minimum initial investment of $1 million in the Fund is required. The distributor in its sole discretion may waive these minimum dollar requirements. Whether a sales charge waiver is available for your retirement plan or charitable account depends upon the policies and procedures of your intermediary. Please consult your financial adviser for further information.
·Investors purchasing Class A shares during certain promotional periods and events.

 

The Fund does not waive sales charges for the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of shares of a different fund where those shares were subject to a front-end sales charge (sometimes called an “NAV transfer”).

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The Fund also reserves the right to enter into agreements that reduce or eliminate sales charges for groups or classes of shareholders, or for Fund shares included in other investment plans such as “wrap accounts.” If you own Fund shares as part of another account or package, such as an IRA or a sweep account, you should read the terms and conditions that apply for that account. Those terms and conditions may supersede the terms and conditions discussed here. Contact your selling agent for further information.

 

Further information regarding the Fund’s sales charges, breakpoints and waivers is available free of charge upon request

 

Share Price

Shares of the Fund are sold at net asset value (“NAV”). The NAV of the Fund is determined at close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business. NAV is computed by determining, on a per class basis, the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding ((assets-liabilities)/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account, on a per class basis, the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for a share class for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.

 

Generally, the Fund’s securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid ask prices on such exchanges. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Securities that are not traded or dealt in any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the- counter market. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity.

 

If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different from the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one or more officers from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) Adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.

 

The Fund may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund’s securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. Because the Fund may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of some of the Fund’s portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.

 

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In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Fund’s portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Fund’s fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund’s NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine net asset value, or from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security.

 

With respect to any portion of the Fund’s assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Fund’s net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

 

How to Purchase Shares

This Prospectus describes Class A shares offered by the Fund.

 

Purchase by Mail

To make your initial investment in the Fund, simply complete the Account Application included with this Prospectus, make a check payable to the “Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund” and mail the Application and check to:

 

via Regular mail   or via Overnight mail
Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund   Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund
c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC   c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 541150   17645 Wright Street, Suite 200
Omaha, NE 68154   Omaha, NE 68130

 

To make subsequent purchases, simply make a check payable to the Fund and mail the check to one of the above-mentioned addresses. Be sure to note your Fund account number on the check.

 

Your purchase order, if accompanied by payment, will be processed upon receipt by Gemini Fund Services, LLC, the Fund’s transfer agent. If the transfer agent receives your order and payment by the close of regular trading on the NYSE (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), your shares will be purchased at the Fund’s NAV calculated at the close of regular trading on that day. Otherwise, your shares will be purchased at the NAV determined as of the close of regular trading on the next business day.

 

Wire Transfer Purchases

If you wish to wire money to make a subsequent investment into the Fund, please call the Fund at 1-855-896-6257 for wiring instructions and to notify the Fund that a wire transfer is coming. Any commercial bank can transfer same-day funds by wire. The Fund will normally accept wired funds for investment on the day received if they are received by the Fund’s designated bank before the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Your bank may charge you for wiring same-day funds.

 

14 
 

Purchases through Financial Service Organizations

You may purchase shares of the Fund through participating brokers, dealers, and other financial professionals. Simply call your investment professional to make your purchase. If you are a client of a securities broker, dealer or other financial organization, you should note that such organizations may charge a separate fee for administrative services in connection with investments in Fund shares and may impose account minimums and other requirements. These fees and requirements would be in addition to those imposed by the Fund. If you are investing through a securities broker, dealer or other financial organization, please refer to its program materials for any additional special provisions or conditions that may be different from those described in this Prospectus (for example, some or all of the services and privileges described may not be available to you). Securities brokers, dealers and other financial organizations have the responsibility of transmitting purchase orders and funds, and of crediting their customers’ accounts following redemptions, in a timely manner in accordance with their customer agreements and this Prospectus.

 

Automatic Investment Plan

You may purchase shares of the Fund through an Automatic Investment Plan. The Plan provides a convenient way for you to have money deducted directly from your checking, savings, or other accounts for investment in shares of the Fund. You can take advantage of the Plan by filling out the Automatic Investment Plan application included with this Prospectus. You may only select an account maintained at a domestic financial institution, which is an Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) member for automatic withdrawals under the Plan. The Fund may alter, modify, amend or terminate the Plan at any time, but will notify you if it does so. For more information, call the Fund’s transfer agent at 1-855-896-6257.

 

Telephone Purchases

In order to be able to purchase shares by telephone, your account authorizing such purchases must have been established prior to your call. Your initial purchase of shares may not be made by telephone. Shares purchased by telephone will be purchased at the per share NAV determined at the close of business on the day that the transfer agent receives the telephone purchase request. Call the transfer agent for details. You may make purchases by telephone only if you have an account at a bank that is a member of the ACH. Most transfers are completed within three business days of your call. To preserve flexibility, the Fund may revise or eliminate the ability to purchase Fund shares by phone or may charge a fee for such service, although the Fund does not currently expect to charge such a fee.

 

The transfer agent employs certain procedures designed to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. Such procedures may include, but are not limited to, requiring some form of personal identification prior to acting upon telephonic instructions, providing written confirmations of all such transactions, and/or tape recording all telephonic instructions. Assuming procedures such as the above have been followed, neither the transfer agent nor the Fund will be liable for any loss, cost, or expense for acting upon telephone instructions that are believed to be genuine. The Fund has authority, as your agent, to redeem shares in your account to cover any such loss. As a result of this policy, you will bear the risk of any loss unless the Fund has failed to follow procedures such as the above. However, if the Fund fails to follow such procedures, it may be liable for such losses.

 

Miscellaneous Purchase Information

All applications to purchase shares of the Fund are subject to acceptance or rejection by authorized officers of the Trust and are not binding until accepted. Applications will not be accepted unless they are accompanied by payment in U.S. funds. Payment must be made by check or wire transfer drawn on a U.S. bank, savings and loan association or credit union. In addition to any loss sustained by the Fund, the Fund’s custodian may charge a fee against your account for any payment check returned to the custodian for insufficient funds. The Fund reserves the right to refuse to accept applications under circumstances or in amounts considered disadvantageous to current shareholders. The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier’s checks or money orders. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, U.S. Treasury checks, credit card checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares. If you place an order for Fund shares through a securities broker and you place your order in proper form before 4:00 p.m. Eastern time on any business day (a day when the NYSE is open) in accordance with their procedures, your purchase will be processed at the NAV calculated at 4:00 p.m. on that day, provided the securities broker transmits your order to the transfer agent before 5:00 p.m. Eastern time. The securities broker must send to the transfer agent immediately available funds in the amount of the purchase price within three business days of your order.

15 
 

Federal regulations require that you provide certified taxpayer identification number whenever you open or reopen an account. Congress has mandated that if any shareholder fails to provide and certify to the accuracy of the shareholder’s social security number or other taxpayer identification number, the Fund will be required to withhold a percentage, as specified by the Internal Revenue Code, of all dividends, distributions and payments, including redemption proceeds, to such shareholder as a backup withholding procedure.

 

How To Redeem Shares

The Fund typically expects that it will take up to 7 days following the receipt of your redemption request to pay out redemptions from cash, cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of the applicable Fund shares, any line of credit, and then from the sale of portfolio securities. These redemption payment methods will be used in regular and stressed market conditions.

 

You may sell (redeem) your shares at any time. You may request the sale of your shares either by mail, by telephone or by wire.

 

By Mail

Sale requests should be mailed:

 

via Regular mail   or via Overnight mail
Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund   Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund
c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC   c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 541150   17645 Wright Street, Suite 200
Omaha, NE 68154   Omaha, NE 68130

 

By Telephone

You may redeem your shares in the Fund by calling the transfer agent at 1-855-896-6257 if you elected to use telephone redemption on your account application when you initially purchased shares. Redemption proceeds must be transmitted directly to you or to your pre-designated account at a domestic bank. You may not redeem by telephone if the Fund or the transfer agent received a change of address request within 15 days previous to the request for redemption. During periods of substantial economic or market changes, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement. If you are unable to contact the transfer agent by telephone, shares may be redeemed by delivering the redemption request in person or by mail. You should understand that with the telephone redemption option, you may be giving up a measure of security that you might otherwise have had were you to redeem your shares in writing. In addition, interruptions in telephone service may mean that you will be unable to make redemption by telephone if desired. If you purchase your shares by check and then redeem your shares before your check has cleared, the Fund may hold your redemption proceeds until after the check has cleared.

 

Redemptions through Broker. If shares of the Fund are held by a broker-dealer, financial institution or other servicing agent, you must contact that servicing agent to redeem shares of the Fund. The servicing agent may charge a fee for this service.

 

By Wire

You may request the redemption proceeds be wired to your designated bank if it is a member bank or a correspondent of a member bank of the Federal Reserve System. The Fund’s custodian charges a $10.00 fee for outgoing wires.

 

Automatic Withdrawal Plan. If your individual accounts, IRA or other qualified plan account have a current account value of at least $10,000, you may participate in the Fund’s Automatic Withdrawal Plan, an investment plan that automatically moves money to your bank account from the Fund through the use of electronic funds transfers. You may elect to make subsequent withdrawals by transfers of a minimum of $100 on specified days of each month into your established bank account. Please contact the Fund at 1-855-896-6257 for more information about the Fund’s Automatic Withdrawal Plan.

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Redemption at the Option of the Fund

If the value of the shares in your account falls to less than $500, the Fund may notify you that, unless your account is increased to $500 in value, it will redeem all your shares and close the account by paying you the redemption proceeds and any dividends and distributions declared and unpaid at the date of redemption. You will have thirty days after notice to bring the account up to $500 before any action is taken. This minimum balance requirement does not apply to IRAs and other tax-sheltered investment accounts. This right of redemption shall not apply if the value of your account drops below $500 as the result of market action. The Fund reserves this right because of the expense to the Fund for maintaining very small accounts.

 

How Redemptions are Paid

The Fund generally pays redemption proceeds in cash (although the Fund reserves the right to redeem in-kind as discussed below). The Fund typically expects to satisfy redemption requests by selling portfolio assets or by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents. On a less regular basis, the Fund may also satisfy redemption requests by drawing on a line of credit. 

 

Redemptions in Kind

The Fund reserves the right to honor requests for redemption or repurchase orders made by a shareholder during any 90-day period by making payment in whole or in part in portfolio securities (“redemption in kind”) if the amount of such a request is large enough to affect operations (if the request is greater than the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period). The securities will be chosen by the Fund and valued using the same procedures as used in calculating the Fund’s NAV. A shareholder may incur transaction expenses in converting these securities to cash and securities redeemed in-kind remain at the risk of the market until they are sold and the shareholder will bear market risk until the securities are converted to cash.

 

When Redemptions are Sent. Once the Fund receives your redemption request in “good order” as described below, it will issue a check based on the next determined NAV following your redemption request. The redemption proceeds normally will be sent by mail or by wire within three business days after receipt of a request in “good order.” If you purchase shares using a check and soon after request a redemption, your redemption proceeds will not be sent until the check used for your purchase has cleared your bank.

 

Good Order: Your redemption request will be processed if it is in “good order.” To be in good order, the following conditions must be satisfied:

·The request should be in writing, unless redeeming by telephone, indicating the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed;
·The request must identify your account number;
·The request should be signed by you and any other person listed on the account, exactly as the shares are registered; and
·If you request that the redemption proceeds be sent to a person, bank or an address other than that of record or paid to someone other than the record owner(s), or if the address was changed within the last 30 days, or if the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000, the signature(s) on the request must be medallion signature guaranteed by an eligible signature guarantor.

 

When You Need Medallion Signature Guarantees. If you wish to change the bank or brokerage account that you have designated on your account, you may do so at any time by writing to the Fund with your signature guaranteed. A medallion signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account

17 
 

transfers. You will need your signature guaranteed if:

·you request a redemption to be made payable to a person not on record with the Fund;
·you request that a redemption be mailed to an address other than that on record with the Fund;
·the proceeds of a requested redemption exceed $50,000;
·any redemption is transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record; or
·your address was changed within 30 days of your redemption request.

 

Signatures may be guaranteed by any eligible guarantor institution (including banks, brokers and dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations). Further documentation will be required to change the designated account if shares are held by a corporation, fiduciary or other organization. A notary public cannot guarantee signatures.

 

Retirement Plans. If you own an IRA or other retirement plan, you must indicate on your redemption request whether the Fund should withhold federal income tax. Unless you elect in your redemption request that you do not want to have federal tax withheld, the redemption will be subject to withholding.

 

Anti-Money Laundering and Customer Identification Programs

The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Fund, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money-laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. When completing a new Application Form, you will be required to supply the Fund with information, such as your taxpayer identification number, that will assist the Fund in verifying your identity. As required by law, the Fund may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct. The Fund may not be able to open your account or complete a transaction for you until the Fund is able to verify your information. When opening an account for a foreign business, enterprise or non-US person that does not have an identification number, we require alternative government-issued documentation certifying the existence of the person, business or enterprise.

 

Minimum Investment Amounts

Payments for Fund shares should be in U.S. dollars, and in order to avoid fees and delays, should be drawn on a U.S. bank. Please remember that Fund management reserves the right to reject any purchase order for the Fund’s shares if, in the Fund’s opinion, such an order would cause a material detriment to existing shareholders. Your purchase of Fund shares is subject to the following minimum investment amounts:

 

 

MINIMUM INVESTMENT

TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT

MINIMUM SUBSEQUENT INVESTMENTS
Regular $2,500 $1,000
IRAs* $1,000 $   100
Coverdell ESAs $   500 $   500**

 

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FOR AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN PARTICIPANTS

 

 

MINIMUM INVESTMENT

TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT

MINIMUM SUBSEQUENT

INVESTMENTS

Regular $2,500 $100 per month
IRAs* $1,000 $100 per month
Coverdell ESAs $   500 $500**
*Includes traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs and Simple IRAs.
**Up to a maximum of $2,000 per year.

 

Opening and Adding to Your Account

You can invest in the Fund by mail, wire transfer or through participating financial service professionals. After you have established your account and made your first purchase, you may also make subsequent purchases by telephone. You may also invest in the Fund through an automatic payment plan. Any questions you may have can be answered by calling the Fund at 1-855-896-6257.

 

Tools To Combat Frequent Transactions

The Fund discourages and does not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of the Fund can harm all Fund shareholders by disrupting the Fund’s investment strategies, increasing Fund expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. The Fund is designed for long-term investors and is not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Fund’s Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Fund investments as their financial needs or circumstances change. The Fund currently uses several methods to reduce the risk of market timing. These methods include:

·Committing staff to review, on a continuing basis, recent trading activity in order to identify trading activity that may be contrary to the Fund’s “Market Timing Trading Policy;” and
·Rejecting or limiting specific purchase requests.

 

Though these methods involve judgments that are inherently subjective and involve some selectivity in their application, the Fund seeks to make judgments and applications that are consistent with the interests of the Fund’s shareholders. The redemption fee, which is uniformly imposed, is intended to discourage short-term trading and is paid to the Fund to help offset any cost associated with such short-term trading. The Fund will monitor the assessment of redemption fees against your account. Based on the frequency of redemption fees assessed against your account, the Adviser or Transfer Agent may in its sole discretion determine that your trading activity is detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy and elect to (i) reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future purchases into the Fund and/or (ii) reject or limit the amount, number, frequency or method for requesting future exchanges or redemptions out of the Fund.

 

The Fund reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests for any reason, particularly when the shareholder’s trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither the Fund nor the Adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase or exchange orders. The Adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor’s financial adviser) from opening new accounts with the Fund.

 

Although the Fund attempts to limit disruptive trading activities, some investors use a variety of strategies to hide their identities and their trading practices. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to identify or limit these activities. Omnibus account arrangements are common forms of holding shares of the Fund. While the Fund will encourage financial intermediaries to apply the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers who invest indirectly in the Fund, the Fund is limited in its ability to monitor the trading activity or enforce the Fund’s Market

19 
 

Timing Trading Policy with respect to customers of financial intermediaries. For example, should it occur, the Fund may not be able to detect market timing that may be facilitated by financial intermediaries or made difficult to identify in the omnibus accounts used by those intermediaries for aggregated purchases, exchanges and redemptions on behalf of all their customers. More specifically, unless the financial intermediaries have the ability to apply the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy to their customers through such methods as implementing short-term trading limitations or restrictions, assessing the Fund’s redemption fee and monitoring trading activity for what might be market timing, the Fund may not be able to determine whether trading by customers of financial intermediaries is contrary to the Fund’s Market Timing Trading Policy. Brokers maintaining omnibus accounts with the Fund have agreed to provide shareholder transaction information to the extent known to the broker to the Fund upon request. If the Fund or its transfer agent or shareholder servicing agent suspects there is market timing activity in the account, the Fund will seek full cooperation from the service provider maintaining the account to identify the underlying participant. At the request of the Adviser, the service providers may take immediate action to stop any further short-term trading by such participants.

 

Householding. To reduce expenses, the Fund mails only one copy of the Prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Fund at 1-855-896-6257 on days the Fund is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Fund will begin sending you individual copies thirty days after receiving your request.

 

Distribution of Fund Shares

 

Distributor

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, is the distributor for the shares of the Fund. Northern Lights Distributors, LLC is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis.

 

Distribution and Shareholder Servicing (12b-1) Plans

The Fund has adopted Distribution Plans (“12b-1 Plan), pursuant to which the Fund pays the Fund’s distributor an annual fee for distribution and shareholder servicing expenses of 0.25% of the of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A shares.

 

The Fund’s distributor and other entities are paid under the Plan for services provided and the expenses borne by the distributor and others in the distribution of Fund shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of the Fund’s shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plan to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any un-reimbursed expenses.

 

Payments under the 12b-1 Plan are not tied exclusively to the distribution and/or shareholder servicing expenses actually incurred by the Adviser or the Distributor and such payments may exceed the expenses actually incurred

 

You should be aware that if you hold your shares for a substantial period of time, you may indirectly pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge allowed by FINRA due to the recurring nature of distribution (12b-1) fees.

 

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund’s distributor, its affiliates, and the Fund’s adviser may, at their own expense and out of their own legitimate

20 
 

profits, provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. Financial intermediaries include brokers, financial planners, banks, insurance companies, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators and others. These payments may be in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees and any sales charges that are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Fund shareholders. The Distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives, including reallowance and/or payment of up to the entire sales charge, to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the Distributor’s discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional commissions.

 

DISTRIBUTION AND TAXES

 

Tax Status, Dividends and Distributions

Any sale or exchange of the Fund’s shares may generate tax liability (unless you are a tax-exempt investor or your investment is in a qualified retirement account). When you redeem your shares you may realize a taxable gain or loss. This is measured by the difference between the proceeds of the sale and the tax basis for the shares you sold. (To aid in computing your tax basis, you generally should retain your account statements for the period that you hold shares in the Fund.)

 

The Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income quarterly and net capital gains annually in December. Both distributions will be reinvested in shares of the Fund unless you elect to receive cash. Dividends from net investment income (including any excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) are taxable to investors as ordinary income, while distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are generally taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of your holding period for the shares. Any dividends or capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund will normally be taxable to you when made, regardless of whether you reinvest dividends or capital gain distributions or receive them in cash. Certain dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December will be taxed to shareholders as if received in December if they are paid during the following January. Each year the Fund will inform you of the amount and type of your distributions. IRAs and other qualified retirement plans are exempt from federal income taxation until retirement proceeds are paid out to the participant.

 

Your redemptions, including exchanges, may result in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. A capital gain or loss on your investment is the difference between the cost of your shares, including any sales charges, and the amount you receive when you sell them.

 

On the account application, you will be asked to certify that your social security number or taxpayer identification number is correct and that you are not subject to backup withholding for failing to report income to the IRS. If you are subject to backup withholding or you did not certify your taxpayer identification number, the IRS requires the Fund to withhold a percentage of any dividend, redemption or exchange proceeds. The Fund reserves the right to reject any application that does not include a certified social security or taxpayer identification number. If you do not have a social security number, you should indicate on the purchase form that your application to obtain a number is pending. The Fund is required to withhold taxes if a number is not delivered to the Fund within seven days.

 

This summary is not intended to be and should not be construed to be legal or tax advice. This summary is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. The tax considerations relevant to a specific shareholder depend upon its specific circumstances, and this summary does not attempt to discuss all potential tax considerations that could be relevant to a prospective shareholder with respect to the Fund or its investments. This general summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Federal Income Tax Regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (potentially on a retroactive basis). You should consult your own independent tax advisors to determine the tax consequences of owning the Fund’s shares.

21 
 

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements. Payments to a shareholder that is either a foreign financial institution (“FFI”) or a non-financial foreign entity (“NFFE”) within the meaning of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) may be subject to a 30% withholding tax on: (a) income and dividends paid by the Fund and (b) certain capital gain distributions and the gross proceeds arising from the sale of Fund shares paid by the Fund after December 31, 2018. FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, subject to any applicable intergovernmental agreement or other exemption, if it either enters into a valid agreement with the IRS or otherwise complies with the specific requirements and provisions of an applicable intergovernmental agreement, in each case to, among other requirements, to collect and report required information about certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reports information relating to them. The Fund may disclose the information that it receives from its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA. Withholding also may be required if a foreign entity that is a shareholder of the Fund fails to provide the Fund with appropriate certifications or other documentation concerning its status under FATCA.

 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

The financial highlights table below is intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The financial highlights are from the Fund’s financial statements, which have been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, is included in the annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. These financial highlights, along with other information concerning the Fund, are included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available without charge upon request.

22 
 

 

The table below sets forth financial data for one share of capital stock outstanding throughout each year presented.

 

 

    Class A (a)  
                               
    For the Year Ended March 31,  
    2019     2018     2017     2016     2015  
                               
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year   $ 13.16     $ 13.02     $ 11.52     $ 12.04     $ 12. 19  
                                         
From Operations:                                        
Net investment income (b)     0.15       0.12       0.11       0.20       0.19  
Net gain (loss) from securities (both realized and unrealized)     0.35       0.51       1.57       (0.25 )     0.34  
Total from operations     0.50       0.63       1.68       (0.05 )     0.53  
                                         
Distributions to shareholders from                                        
Net investment income     (0.16 )     (0.13 )     (0.18 )     (0.16 )     (0.17 )
Net realized gains     (0.61 )     (0.36 )           (0.28 )     (0.51 )
Return of capital                       (0.03 )      
Total distributions     (0.77 )     (0.49 )     (0.18 )     (0.47 )     (0.68 )
                                         
Net Asset Value, End of Year   $ 12.89     $ 13.16     $ 13.02     $ 11.52     $ 12.04  
                                         
Total Return (c)     4.05 %     4.70 %     14.63 %     (0.31 )%     4.46 %
                                         
Ratios/Supplemental Data                                        
Net assets, end of year (in 000’s)   $ 27,383     $ 27,721     $ 24,940     $ 22,059     $ 23,837  
Ratio of expenses to average net assets,
before recapture (d)
    1.69 %     1.70 %     1.75 %     1.81 %     1.74 %
net of recapture (d)     1.69 %     1.75 % (e)     1.75 %     1.75 %     1.75 % (e)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (d)     1.13 %     0.86 %     0.90 %     1.71 %     1.55 %
Portfolio turnover rate     15 %     22 %     24 %     28 %     25 %
                                         

 

  (a) Class C shares were merged into Class A on May 20, 2017. The amounts presented represent the results of the Class A shares for the periods prior to the merger and the results of the combined share class for the period subsequent to the merger.

 

  (b) Per share amounts are calculated using the average shares method, which more appropriately presents the per share data for each year.

 

  (c) Total returns are historical in nature and assume changes in share price, reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions, if any, and do not assume the effects of any sales charges. Had the Adviser not waived a portion of its fee during 2014 and 2016-2017, total returns would have been lower.

 

  (d) Does not include expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests.

 

  (e) Inclusive of Adviser’s recapture of waived/reimbursed fees from prior periods.
23 
 

 

 

Privacy Notice

 

Rev. May 2019

FACTS WHAT DOES NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II (“NLFT II”)
DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
Why? Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
What? The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:

·         Social Security number

·         Employment information

·         Account balances

·         Account transactions

·         Income

·         Investment experience

When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.
How? All financial companies need to share a customer’s personal information to run their everyday business - to process transactions, maintain customer accounts, and report to credit bureaus. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customer's personal information; the reasons NLFT II chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
Reasons we can share your personal information Does NLFT II share? Can you limit this sharing?
For our everyday business purposes --
such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus
Yes No
For our marketing purposes --
to offer our products and services to you
Yes No
For joint marketing with other financial companies Yes No
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes --
information about your transactions and experiences
Yes No
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes --
information about your creditworthiness
No We don't share
For nonaffiliates to market to you No We don't share
Questions? Call 1-402-493-4603
         

 

24 
 

 



Who we are
Who is providing this notice? Northern Lights Fund Trust II
What we do
How does NLFT II protect my personal information? To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
How does NLFT II collect my personal information?

We collect your personal information, for example, when you

·         open an account

·         give us your income information

·         provide employment information

·         provide account information

·         give us your contact information

We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.

Why can’t I limit all sharing?

Federal law gives you the right to limit only

·         sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness

·         affiliates from using your information to market to you

·         sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

Definitions
Affiliates

Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

Northern Lights Fund Trust II has no affiliates.

 

Nonaffiliates

Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

·         NLFT II does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.

Joint marketing

A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products and services to you.

·          Our joint marketing partners include other financial service companies.

25 
 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Annual and Semi-Annual Report to shareholders. In the Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected Fund’s performance during the previous fiscal year. The Annual and Semi-Annual Reports are available without charge by calling the Fund or visit www.twooaks.com. You may also get additional information concerning the Fund from the sources listed below:

 

Statement of Additional Information (SAI) - The SAI contains more detailed information on all aspects of the Fund, including policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. A current SAI, dated July 31, 2019, has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. To request a free copy of the SAI, or the Fund’s latest Annual Report or Semi-Annual Report, please contact the Fund at:

 

Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17645 Wright Street, Suite 200

Omaha, NE 68130

1-855-896-6257

 

 

A copy of your requested document(s) will be mailed to you within three days of your request.

 

Information about the Fund (including the SAI) can also be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC, and information concerning the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Information about the Fund is also available on the SEC’s EDGAR database at the SEC’s web site (www.sec.gov). Copies of this information can be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request ([email protected]), or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-0102.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two Oaks Diversified Growth

and Income Fund

 

CLASS A SHARES: TWOAX

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

Dated

July 31, 2019

 

 

 

 

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete and representation to the contrary is a crime .

 

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the SEC, paper copies of the Fund’s shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website at www.twooaks.com and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

 

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you are a direct investor, by following the instructions included with paper Fund documents that have been mailed to you. You may also elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge.

 
 

 

 

 

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Dated July 31, 2019

 

TWO OAKS DIVERSIFIED GROWTH AND INCOME FUND

 

CLASS A SHARES: TWOAX

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II (the “Trust”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus for Class A shares dated July 31, 2019 (the “Prospectus”), as supplemented and amended from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. To obtain a copy of the Prospectus or the Annual or Semi-Annual Report, free of charge, please write or call the Fund at the address or telephone number below:

 

Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17645 Wright Street, Suite 200

Omaha, NE 68130

1-855-896-6257

 

 

 

 

 

 

---------------------------------

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

THE TRUST 3
INVESTMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS 4
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS 17
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND 18
Board of Trustees 18
Board Committees 22
TRUSTEE COMPENSATION 22
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS 23
The ADVISER 24
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS 26
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS 27
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES 29
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION 31
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER 32
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS 33
CODE OF ETHICS 34
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES 34
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM 35
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE 35
TAX INFORMATION 39
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 43
APPENDIX “A” RATINGS DEFINITIONS 45
 

THE TRUST

 

The Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund (the “Fund”) is a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II, (the “Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust organized on August 26, 2010. The Fund was organized to acquire all the assets of the Montecito Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”), a series of The Santa Barbara Group of Mutual Funds, Inc. (the “Predecessor Company”), a Maryland corporation effective August 4, 2011. 

 

The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company.  The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees”). The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Fund have equal rights and privileges.  Each share of the Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote.  In addition, each share of the Fund is entitled to participate equally with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities.  Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights.  Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.

 

The Fund is a diversified series of the Trust.  The Fund’s investment objective, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus.  The Board may add classes to and reclassify the shares of the Fund, start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.  

 

The Fund has registered two classes of shares:  Class A shares and Class C shares. Currently, only Class A shares are being offered. Each share class represents an interest in the same assets of the Fund, has the same rights and is identical in all material respects except that (i) each class of shares may be subject to different (or no) sales loads, (ii) each class of shares may bear different (or no) distribution fees; (iii) each class of shares may have different shareholder features, such as minimum investment amounts; (iv) certain other class-specific expenses will be borne solely by the class to which such expenses are attributable, including transfer agent fees attributable to a specific class of shares, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing materials to current shareholders of a specific class, registration fees paid by a specific class of shares, the expenses of administrative personnel and services required to support the shareholders of a specific class, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a class of shares, Trustees’ fees or expenses paid as a result of issues relating to a specific class of shares and accounting fees and expenses relating to a specific class of shares and (v) each class has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters relating to its own distribution arrangements.  Each share of the Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote.  In addition, each share of the Fund is entitled to participate equally with other shares on a class-specific basis (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities.  Shares of the Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.

 

Under the Trust’s Amended Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal.  Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders.  As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.

 

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Fund.

 

 

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS

 

The investment objective of the Fund is long-term growth of capital and income. The investment objective of the Fund and the descriptions of the Fund’s principal investment strategies are set forth under “Investment Strategies, Related Risks and Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings” in the Prospectus. The Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, although the Fund will provide shareholders with notice of any change to the Fund’s investment objectives at least 60 days prior to such change.

 

The Fund is a diversified fund, meaning that as to 75% of the Fund’s assets (valued at the time of investment), the Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in securities of any one issuer, except in obligations of the United States Government and its agencies and instrumentalities, thereby reducing the risk of loss.

 

The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Fund may invest, strategies the Adviser may employ in pursuit of the Fund’s investment objective and a summary of related risks.

 

U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES

 

The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. U.S. government securities are obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Securities guaranteed by the U.S. government include:

 

(i) direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury (such as Treasury bills, notes, and bonds) and (ii) federal agency obligations guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Treasury (such as Ginnie Mae certificates, which are mortgage-backed securities). With respect to these securities, the payment of principal and interest is unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. government, and thus they are of the highest possible credit quality. Such securities are subject to variations in market value due to fluctuations in interest rates, but, if held to maturity, will be paid in full.

 

Securities issued by U.S. government instrumentalities and certain federal agencies are neither direct obligations of nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. However, they involve federal sponsorship in one way or another; some are backed by specific types of collateral; some are supported by the issuer’s right to borrow from the Treasury; some are supported by the discretionary authority of the Treasury to purchase certain obligations of the issuer; others are supported only by the credit of the issuing government agency or instrumentality. These agencies and instrumentalities include, but are not limited to, Federal Land Banks, Farmers Home Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal National Mortgage Association, and Student Loan Marketing Association.

 

For more detailed information regarding the characteristics of securities issued by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, please read the section of this SAI entitled MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES.

 

COMMERCIAL PAPER

 

The Fund may invest in commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. The Fund may invest in commercial paper, which, at the date of investment, is rated A-1 or higher by Standard & Poor’s Corporations or Prime-1 or higher by Moody Investors Services, Inc.

 

FOREIGN SECURITIES

 

The Fund may invest up to 45% of the value of their respective total assets in securities of foreign issuers represented by American Depositary Receipts listed on a U.S. domestic securities exchange or included in the NASDAQ National Market System, or foreign securities listed directly on a domestic securities exchange.

 

Income and gains on such securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. Investors should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and governments of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.

 

There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the United States. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to United States companies. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than larger U.S. exchanges and markets, and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable United States companies. Commission rates in foreign countries, which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the United States, are likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States.

 

BORROWING

 

The Fund is authorized to borrow money from a bank in amounts up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowing for temporary purposes, and is authorized to borrow money in excess of the 5% limit as permitted by the 1940 Act to meet redemption requests. The Fund will not engage in the purchase of portfolio securities while borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets. Fund borrowings may be unsecured. The 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% of the amount borrowed. If the Fund’s asset coverage should decline below 300% as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time. Borrowing may exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs, which may or may not be recovered by an appreciation of the securities purchased. The Fund may also be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. The Fund may, in connection with permissible borrowing, pledge securities owned by the Fund as collateral.

 

EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS

The Fund may invest in a range of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The shares of an ETF may be assembled in a block (typically 50,000 shares) known as a creation unit and redeemed in-kind for a portfolio of the underlying securities (based on the ETF’s net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Conversely, a creation unit may be purchased from the ETF by depositing a specified portfolio of the ETF’s underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit. The Fund may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities and use it (and any required cash) to purchase creation units, if the Adviser believes it is in the Fund’s interest to do so. The Fund’s ability to redeem creation units may be limited by the 1940 Act, which provides that the ETFs will not be obligated to redeem shares held by the Fund in an amount exceeding one percent of their total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days.

 

There is a risk that the underlying ETFs in which the Fund invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Fund intends to principally invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its entire net asset value falls below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, it will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index with the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment

 

at that time. To the extent the Fund invests in a sector product, the Fund is subject to the risks associated with that sector.

 

INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES

 

The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent that such an investment would be consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the Fund’s investment objectives. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, the Fund’s shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses the Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.

 

Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may only invest up to 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company (the “5% Limitation”), but may not own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company or invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies (the “10% Limitation”).

 

However, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% Limitation and the 10% Limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) for funds of funds. In addition, the Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-1, which allows the Fund to invest in money market funds without limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds, or the Adviser waives its advisory fees in an amount necessary to offset any sales charge or service fee.

 

EQUITY SECURITIES

The Fund will invest in equity securities. Equity securities consist of common stock, convertible preferred stock, rights and warrants. Common stocks, the most familiar type, represent an equity (ownership) interest in a corporation. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Warrants are options to purchase equity securities at a specified price valid for a specific time period. Warrants may be either perpetual or of limited duration but usually do not have voting rights, pay dividends or have rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have shorter durations and are distributed by the issuer to its shareholders. Although equity securities have a history of long term growth in value, their prices fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition and on overall market and economic conditions. Convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes and preferred stock that can be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock, within a particular period of time, at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles a holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or dividends paid on preferred stock until the convertible stock matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.

 

Investments in equity securities are subject to inherent market risks and fluctuations in value due to earnings, economic conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Adviser. As a result, the return and net asset value of the Fund will fluctuate. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may not increase as much as the market as a whole, and some undervalued securities may continue to be undervalued for long periods of time. Although profits in some Fund holdings may be realized quickly, it is not expected that most investments will appreciate rapidly.

 

FIXED INCOME SECURITIES

 

The Fund may invest in all types of fixed income securities, including when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment basis. Fixed income securities are subject to credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if an issuer of a fixed income security cannot meet its financial obligations or goes bankrupt. Interest rate risk is the risk that the Fund’s investments in fixed income securities may fall when interest rates rise.

 

 

Investments in high-yield bonds (as described below) are considered to be more speculative than higher quality fixed income securities. They are more susceptible to credit risk than investment-grade securities, especially during periods of economic uncertainty or economic downturns. The value of lower quality securities are subject to greater volatility and are generally more dependent on the ability of the issuer to meet interest and principal payments than higher quality securities. Issuers of high-yield securities may not be as strong financially as those issuing bonds with higher credit ratings.

 

HIGH YIELD SECURITIES

The Fund may invest in high-yield securities. High yield securities (also known as "junk bonds") are debt securities that are rated below investment-grade, are unrated and deemed by the Adviser to be below investment-grade, or in default at the time of purchase. These securities have a much greater risk of default (or in the case of bonds currently in default, of not returning principal) and tend to be more volatile than higher-rated securities of similar maturity. The value of these debt securities can be affected by overall economic conditions, interest rates, and the creditworthiness of the individual issuers. These securities tend to be less liquid and more difficult to value than higher-rated securities.

The market values of certain high yield and comparable unrated securities tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than investment-grade securities. In addition, issuers of high yield and comparable unrated securities often are highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Their ability to service their debt obligations, especially during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of high interest rates, may be impaired.

The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because high yield and comparable unrated securities generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to senior indebtedness. The Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. The existence of limited markets for high yield and comparable unrated securities may diminish the Fund's ability to: (i) obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing such securities and calculating its net asset value; and (ii) sell the securities either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or in financial markets.

Corporate Debt Securities

The Fund may invest in corporate debt securities. Corporate debt securities are bonds, non-convertible preferred stock that have fixed dividends and give the issuer the right to redeem the stock at a specified date and price, and notes issued by businesses in order to finance credit needs. Corporate debt securities also include commercial paper.

 

Corporate debt securities also include zero coupon securities. Zero coupon securities are debt securities issued or sold at a discount from their face value and do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or a specified redemption date (or cash payment date). These securities involve risks that are similar to those of other debt securities, although they may be more volatile, and the values of certain zero coupon securities move in the same direction as interest rates. The amount of the discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash payment date, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and perceived credit quality of the issuer. Zero coupon securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves and receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. The market prices of zero coupon securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit qualities.

 

 

The Fund will invest only in investment grade debt securities. The Adviser considers corporate debt securities to be of investment grade quality if they are rated in the investment grade categories by S&P or Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or if unrated, are determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS

The Fund may invest in fully collateralized repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a short-term investment in which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires ownership of a security and the seller agrees to repurchase the obligation at a future time at a set price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser’s holding period (usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase). Any repurchase transactions entered into by the Fund requires full collateralization of the seller’s obligation during the entire term of the repurchase agreement. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of the seller, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses in value. However, the Fund intends to enter into repurchase agreements only with its custodian, other banks with assets of $1 billion or more and registered securities dealers determined by the Adviser to be creditworthy. The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of the banks and securities dealers with which the Fund engages in repurchase transactions. The Fund may not enter into a repurchase agreement with a term of more than seven days if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of its net assets would then be invested in such repurchase agreements and other illiquid investments.

CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES

The Fund may invest in convertible securities, including fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer’s underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of “usable” bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.

ILLIQUID AND 144A SECURITIES

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.

Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.

A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may

 

continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

Under guidelines adopted by the Trust’s Board, the Fund’s Manager may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Manager will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Manager will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSRO”) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Manager determines that it is of equivalent quality.

Rule 144A securities and Section 4(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Manager to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Fund’s assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.

 

ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES

 

Asset-backed securities are securities that are secured or “backed” by pools of various types of assets on which cash payments are due at fixed intervals over set periods of time. Asset-backed securities are created in a process called securitization. In a securitization transaction, an originator of loans or an owner of accounts receivable of a certain type of asset class sells such underlying assets in a “true sale” to a special purpose entity, so that there is no recourse to such originator or owner. Payments of principal and interest on asset-backed securities typically are tied to payments made on the pool of underlying assets in the related securitization. Such payments on the underlying assets are effectively “passed through” to the asset-backed security holders on a monthly or other regular, periodic basis. The level of seniority of a particular asset-backed security will determine the priority in which the holder of such asset-backed security is paid, relative to other security holders and parties in such securitization. Examples of underlying assets include consumer loans or receivables, home equity loans, automobile loans or leases, and timeshares, although other types of receivables or assets also may be used as underlying assets.

While asset-backed securities typically have a fixed, stated maturity date, low prevailing interest rates may lead to an increase in the prepayments made on the underlying assets. This may cause the outstanding balances due on the underlying assets to be paid down more rapidly. As a result, a decrease in the originally anticipated interest from such underlying securities may occur, causing the asset-backed securities to pay-down in whole or in part prior to their original stated maturity date. Prepayment proceeds would then have to be reinvested at the lower prevailing interest rates. Conversely, prepayments on the underlying assets may be less than anticipated, causing an extension in the duration of the asset-backed securities.

Delinquencies or losses that exceed the anticipated amounts for a given securitization could adversely impact the payments made on the related asset-backed securities. This is a reason why, as part of a securitization, asset-backed securities are often accompanied by some form of credit enhancement, such as a guaranty, insurance policy, or subordination. Credit protection in the form of derivative contracts may also be purchased. In certain securitization transactions, insurance, credit protection, or both may be purchased with respect to only the most senior classes of asset-backed securities, on the underlying collateral pool, or both. The extent and type of credit enhancement varies across securitization transactions.

 

In addition to the normal risks associated with debt securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus, asset-backed securities carry additional risks including, but not limited to, the possibility that (i) the pace of payments on underlying assets may be faster or slower than anticipated or payments may be in default; (ii) the creditworthiness of the credit support provider may deteriorate; and (iii) such securities may become less liquid or harder to value as a result of market conditions or other circumstances.

 

MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES

The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent participation interests in pools of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans originated by private mortgage originators. Traditionally, residential mortgage-backed securities have been issued by U.S. governmental agencies such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). The Fund does not intend to invest in commercial mortgage-backed securities. Non-governmental entities that have issued or sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities offerings include savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, insurance companies, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.

 

Ginnie Mae is a government-owned corporation that is an agency of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. It guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, full and timely payment of all monthly principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities. Fannie Mae is a publicly owned, government-sponsored corporation that mostly packages mortgages backed by the Federal Housing Administration, but also sells some non-governmentally backed mortgages. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by Fannie Mae. The Freddie Mac is a publicly chartered agency that buys qualifying residential mortgages from lenders, re-packages them and provides certain guarantees. Pass-through securities issued by the Freddie Mac are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest only by the Freddie Mac.

 

Some of these obligations are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency’s obligations. Still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide, or continue to provide, financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law. As a result, there is a risk that these entities will default on a financial obligation.

 

The U.S. Treasury has historically had the authority to purchase obligations of FNMA and FHLMC (collectively, the “GSEs”). However, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Treasury with additional authority to lend the GSEs emergency funds and to purchase their stock. In September 2008, those capital concerns led the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (“FHFA”) to announce that the GSEs had been placed in conservatorship.

 

Since that time, the GSEs have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases as well as U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage backed securities (“MBS”). While the MBS purchase programs ended in 2010, the U.S. Treasury announced in December 2009 that it would continue its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. However, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, or FHFA initiatives will ensure that the GSEs will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and MBS they issue into the future. On March 27, 2019, President Trump signed a Presidential Memorandum instructing U.S. Treasury and Housing and Urban Development to devise a plan to release Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from conservatorship. There remains significant uncertainty as to whether (or when) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will emerge from conservatorship, which has no specified termination date.

On June 3, 2019, under the FHFA’s “Single Security Initiative” intended to maximize liquidity for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities in the TBA market, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac started issuing uniform mortgage-backed securities (“UMBS”) in place of their current offerings of TBA-

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eligible mortgage-backed securities. The effects of the issuance of UMBS on the market for mortgage-backed securities and on a portfolio’s ability to invest in UMBS are uncertain.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. Importantly, the future of the GSEs is in serious question as the U.S. Government reportedly is considering multiple options, ranging on a spectrum from nationalization, privatization, consolidation, or abolishment of the entities. Congress is considering several pieces of legislation that would reform the GSEs, proposing to address their structure, mission, portfolio limits, and guarantee fees, among other issues.

Additionally, in 2012 the FHFA initiated a strategic plan to develop a program of credit risk transfer intended to reduce Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s overall risk through the creation of credit risk transfer assets (“CRTs”). CRTs come in two primary series: Structured Agency Credit Risk (“STACRs”) for Freddie Mac and Connecticut Avenue Securities (“CAS”) for Fannie May, although other series may be developed in the future. CRTs are typically structured as unsecured general obligations of the GSEs and their cash flows are based on the performance of a pool of reference loans. Unlike traditional residential MBS securities, bond payments typically do not come directly from the underlying mortgages and are instead remitted by the GSEs to CRT investors. CRTs are typically floating rate securities and may have multiple tranches with losses first allocated to the most junior or subordinate tranche and this structure results in increased sensitivity to dramatic housing downturns, especially for the subordinate tranches. Many CRTs also have collateral performance triggers (e.g., based on credit enhancement, delinquencies or defaults, etc.) that could shut off principal payments to subordinate tranches. Generally, GSEs are required to buy back all of the CRT tranches at par in 10 years. 

The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury (through its agreement to purchase GSE preferred stock) have imposed strict limits on the size of GSEs’ mortgage portfolios. In August 2012, the U.S. Treasury amended its preferred stock purchase agreements to provide that the GSEs’ portfolios will be wound down at an annual rate of 15 percent (up from the previously agreed annual rate of 10 percent), requiring the GSEs to reach the $250 billion target four years earlier than previously planned.

 

Mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers, whether or not such obligations are subject to guarantees by the private issuer, may entail greater risk than obligations directly or indirectly guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The average life of a mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities. Prepayments of principal by mortgagors and mortgage foreclosures will usually result in the return of the greater part of principal invested far in advance of the maturity of the mortgages in the pool.

 

While residential loans do not typically have prepayment penalties or restrictions, they are often structured so that subordinated classes may be locked out of prepayments for a period of time. However, in a period of extremely rapid prepayments, during which senior classes may be retired faster than expected, the subordinated classes may receive unscheduled payments of principal and would have average lives that, while longer than the average lives of the senior classes, would be shorter than originally expected. The types of residential mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest may include the following:

 

Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage pass-through securities representing participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans issued by the U.S. government or guaranteed, to the extent provided in such securities, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. Such securities, which are ownership interests in the underlying mortgage loans, differ from conventional debt securities, which provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts (usually semi-annually) and principal payments at maturity or on specified call dates. Mortgage pass-through securities provide for monthly payments that are a “pass-through” of the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and the servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. The guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities in which the Fund will invest are those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

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Private Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Private mortgage pass-through securities (“Private Pass-Throughs”) are structured similarly to the Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities described above and are issued by originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Private Pass-Throughs are usually backed by a pool of conventional fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans.

 

Since Private Pass-Throughs typically are not guaranteed by an entity having the credit status of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, such securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement.

 

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. CMOs are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. Typically, CMOs are collateralized by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac Certificates, but also may be collateralized by whole loans or Private Pass-Throughs (“Mortgage Assets”).

 

Multi-class pass-through securities are equity interests in a fund composed of Mortgage Assets. Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs include multi-class pass-through securities. Payments of principal of and interest on the Mortgage Assets, and any reinvestment income thereon, provide the funds to pay debt service on the CMOs or make scheduled distributions on the multi-class pass-through securities. CMOs may be sponsored by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Under current law, every newly created CMO issuer must elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit (a “REMIC”).

 

In a CMO, a series of bonds or certificates is issued in multiple classes. Each class of CMOs, often referred to as a “tranche,” is issued at a specific fixed or floating coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on the Mortgage Assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. The principal of and interest on the Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the several classes of a series of a CMO in innumerable ways. In one structure, payments of principal, including any principal prepayments, on the Mortgage Assets are applied to the classes of a CMO in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal will be made on any class of CMOs until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity or final distribution date have been paid in full.

 

The Fund may also invest in, among others, parallel pay CMOs and Planned Amortization Class CMOs (PAC Bonds). Parallel pay CMOs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which, as with other CMO structures, must be retired by its payments of a specified amount of principal on each payment date.

 

Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the U.S. government within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the “Housing Act”), authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration under the Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (“FHA Loans”), or guaranteed by the Veterans’ Administration under the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended (“VA Loans”), or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. The Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is pledged to the payment of all amounts that may be required to be paid under any guarantee.

 

Ginnie Mae Certificates will represent a pro rata interest in one or more pools of the following types of mortgage loans: (i) fixed rate level payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage loans; (iii) fixed rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iv) fixed rate mortgage loans secured by manufactured (mobile)

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homes; (v) mortgage loans on multifamily residential properties under construction; (vi) mortgage loans on completed multifamily projects; (vii) fixed rate mortgage loans as to which escrowed funds are used to reduce the borrower’s monthly payments during the early years of the mortgage loans (“buydown” mortgage loans); (viii) mortgage loans that provide for adjustments in payments based on periodic changes in interest rates or in other payment terms of the mortgage loans; and (ix) mortgage-backed serial notes. All of these mortgage loans will be FHA Loans or VA Loans and, except as otherwise specified above, will be fully-amortizing loans secured by first liens on one-to-four family housing units.

 

Fannie Mae Certificates. Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act. Fannie Mae was originally established in 1938 as a U.S. government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to the mortgage market and was transformed into a stockholder owned and privately managed corporation by legislation enacted in 1968. Fannie Mae provides funds to the mortgage market primarily by purchasing home mortgage loans from local lenders, thereby replenishing their funds for additional lending. Fannie Mae acquires funds to purchase home mortgage loans from many capital market investors that may not ordinarily invest in mortgage loans directly, thereby expanding the total amount of funds available for housing.

 

Each Fannie Mae Certificate entitles its registered holder to receive amounts representing such holder’s pro rata interest in scheduled principal payments and interest payments (at such Fannie Mae Certificate’s pass-through rate, which is net of any servicing and guarantee fees on the underlying mortgage loans), and any principal prepayments on the mortgage loans in the pool represented by such Fannie Mae Certificate and such holder’s proportionate interest in the full principal amount of any foreclosed or otherwise finally liquidated mortgage loan. The full and timely payment of principal of and interest on each Fannie Mae Certificate will be guaranteed by Fannie Mae, which guarantee is not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. In order to meet its obligations under such guarantee, Ginnie Mae is authorized to borrow from the U.S. Treasury with no limitations as to amount.

 

Each Fannie Mae Certificate will represent a pro rata interest in one or more pools of FHA Loans, VA Loans or conventional mortgage loans (i.e., mortgage loans that are not insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency) of the following types: (i) fixed rate level payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage loans; (iv) variable rate California mortgage loans; (v) other adjustable rate mortgage loans; and (vi) fixed rate mortgage loans secured by multifamily projects.

 

Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the U.S. government created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended (the “Freddie Mac Act”). Freddie Mac was established primarily for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing of needed housing. The principal activity of Freddie Mac currently consists of the purchase of first lien, conventional, residential mortgage loans and participation interests in such mortgage loans and the resale of the mortgage loans so purchased in the form of mortgage securities, primarily Freddie Mac Certificates.

 

Freddie Mac guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate the timely payment of interest at the rate provided for by such Freddie Mac Certificate, whether or not received. Freddie Mac also guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate ultimate collection of all principal of the related mortgage loans, without any offset or deduction, but does not generally guarantee the timely payment of scheduled principal. Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of collection of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage loan, but not later than 30 days following (i) foreclosure sale, (ii) payment of a claim by any mortgage insurer, or (iii) the expiration of any right of redemption, whichever occurs later, but in any event no later than one year after demand has been made upon the mortgagor for acceleration of payment of principal. The obligations of Freddie Mac under its guarantee are obligations solely of Freddie Mac and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

 

Freddie Mac Certificates represent a pro rata interest in a group of mortgage loans (a “Freddie Mac Certificate group”) purchased by Freddie Mac. The mortgage loans underlying the Freddie Mac Certificates will consist of fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of between ten and thirty years,

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substantially all of which are secured by first liens on one-to-four family residential properties or multifamily projects. Each mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the Freddie Mac Act. A Freddie Mac Certificate group may include whole loans, participation interests in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate group.

 

Federal Home Loan Bank Securities. FHLB was created in 1932 pursuant to the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (the “FHLB Act”). The FHLB was created to support residential mortgage lending and community investment. The FHLB consists of 12 member banks which are owned by over 8,000 member community financial institutions. The FHLB provides liquidity for housing finance and community development by making direct loans to these community financial institutions, and through two FHLB mortgage programs, which help expand home ownership by giving lenders an alternative option for mortgage funding. Each member financial institution (typically a bank or savings and loan) is a shareholder in one or more of 12 regional FHLB banks, which are privately capitalized, separate corporate entities. Federal oversight, in conjunction with normal bank regulation and shareholder vigilance, assures that the 12 regional banks will remain conservatively managed and well capitalized. The FHLB banks are among the largest providers of mortgage credit in the U.S.

 

The FHLB is also one of the world’s largest private issuers of fixed-income debt securities, and the Office of Finance serves as the FHLB’s central debt issuance facility. Debt is issued in the global capital markets and the funds are channeled to member financial institutions to fund mortgages, community development, and affordable housing.

 

Securities issued by the FHLB are not obligations of the U.S. government and are not guaranteed by the U. S. government.  The FHLB may issue either bonds or discount notes. The securities, issued pursuant to the FHLB Act, are joint and several unsecured general obligations of the FHLB banks. The bonds or discount notes will not limit other indebtedness that the FHLB banks may incur and they will not contain any financial or similar restrictions on the FHLB banks or any restrictions on their ability to secure other indebtedness. Under the FHLB Act, the FHLB banks may incur other indebtedness such as secured joint and several obligations of the FHLB banks and unsecured joint and several obligations of the FHL Banks, as well as obligations of individual FHLB banks (although current Federal Housing Finance Board rules prohibit their issuance).

 

STRIPS

The Fund may invest in STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities). The Federal Reserve creates STRIPS by separating the coupon payments and the principal payment from an outstanding Treasury security and selling them as individual securities. To the extent the Montecito Fund purchases the principal portion of the STRIP, the Fund will not receive regular interest payments. Instead they are sold at a deep discount from their face value. The Fund will accrue income on such STRIPS for tax and accounting purposes, in accordance with applicable law, which income is distributable to shareholders. Because no cash is received at the time such income is accrued, the Fund may be required to liquidate other Fund securities to satisfy its distribution obligations. Because the principal portion of the STRIP does not pay current income, its price can be very volatile when interest rates change. In calculating its dividend, the Fund takes into account as income a portion of the difference between the principal portion of the STRIP’s purchase price and its face value.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”)

The Fund may invest in equity interests or debt obligations issued by REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling property that has appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the

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collection of interest payments. Similar to investment companies, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Fund invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation. REITs are also subject to the possibilities of failing to qualify for tax free pass-through of income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemption from registration under the 1940 Act.

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investment in such loans will gradually align themselves to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations.

Investment in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. These risks include:

• limited financial resources;

• infrequent or limited trading; and

• more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.

In addition, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, historically have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in the S&P 500 Index.

 

Temporary and Cash Investments

 

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will stay fully invested according to its principal investment strategies as noted above.  The Fund, however, may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, and high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions.  This may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objectives during that period.

 

For longer periods of time, the Fund may hold a substantial cash position.  If the market advances during periods when the Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate to the extent it would have if the Fund had been more fully invested.  To the extent that the Fund uses a money market fund for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of such money market fund’s advisory fees and operational expenses.

 

The Fund may invest in the following securities and instruments:

 

Money Market Mutual Funds.  The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of daily cash positions or as a temporary defensive measure.  Generally, money market mutual funds seek to earn income consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity.  They primarily invest in high quality money market obligations, including securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, bank obligations and high-grade corporate instruments.  These investments generally mature within 397 days from the date of purchase.  An investment in a money market mutual fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any government agency.  The Fund’s investments in money market mutual funds

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may be used for cash management purposes and to maintain liquidity in order to satisfy redemption requests or pay unanticipated expenses.

 

Your cost of investing in the Fund will generally be higher than the cost of investing directly in the underlying money market mutual fund shares.  You will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the underlying money market mutual funds in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses.  Furthermore, the use of this strategy could affect the timing, amount and character of distributions to you and therefore may increase the amount of taxes payable by you.

 

Bank Certificates of Deposit, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits.  The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits.  Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against monies deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return.  Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.  Certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances acquired by the Fund will be dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government.

 

Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates that may be charged.  In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions.  General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operations of the banking industry.

 

As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower and subject to other regulations designed to promote financial soundness.  However, such laws and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the Fund may acquire.

 

In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, to the extent permitted under the investment objective and policies stated above and in the Prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks.  Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.

 

Savings Association Obligations.  The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S. Government.

 

Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations.  The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes.  Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations.  Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.

 

Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase “A-2” or higher by S&P, “Prime-1” or “Prime-2” by Moody’s, or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality.

Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper.  While such obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or less from the date of purchase and which are rated “A” or higher by S&P or “A” or higher by Moody’s.

 

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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The Fund has adopted the following fundamental investment restrictions that may not be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. The Fund may not:

 

1.make further investments when 25% or more of its total assets would be invested in any one industry (this limitation is not applicable to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States Government, its agencies or instrumentalities or repurchase agreements with respect thereto);

 

2.invest in the securities of any issuer if, immediately after such investment, less than 75% of the total assets of the Fund will be invested in cash and cash items (including receivables), government securities, securities of other investment companies or other securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount (determined immediately after the latest acquisition of securities of the issuer) not greater in value than 5% of the total assets of the Fund and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer;

 

3.borrow money or issue senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act or interpreted by the SEC or its staff) except that the Fund may borrow (i) from a bank or other person for temporary purposes in amounts not exceeding 5% of its total assets and (ii) from a bank, in amounts (when aggregated with amounts borrowed under clause (i)) not exceeding 33 1/3% of its total assets;

 

4.make loans to other persons, except (i) by loaning portfolio securities, (ii) by engaging in repurchase agreements, or (iii) by purchasing nonpublicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation, the term “loans” shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities;

 

5.underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933 in selling portfolio securities;

 

6.purchase or sell real estate or mortgages on real estate, (although the Fund may invest in marketable securities secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies or investment trusts that invest in real estate or interests therein); or

 

7.invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, provided that this limitation shall not prohibit the purchase or sale of forward foreign currency exchange contracts, financial futures contracts, and options on financial futures contracts and options on securities and on securities indices.

 

Additional investment restrictions adopted by the Fund, which may be changed by the Board of Trustees, provide that the Fund may not:

 

1.purchase securities on margin, or make short sales of securities, except for the use of short-term credit necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities; or make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management;

 

2.invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities which cannot be readily resold because of legal or contractual restrictions and which are not otherwise marketable; or

 

3.mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in fundamental limitation (1) above. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.

 

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4.Invest in other investment companies advised by the same investment adviser as the Fund or in investment companies advised by affiliates of such adviser.

 

With the exception of the restriction on borrowing, if a percentage restriction set forth above is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from changes in value or in the number of outstanding securities of an issuer will not be considered a violation.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND

 

Board of Trustees

The management and affairs of the Fund are supervised by the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees consists of five individuals, four (4) of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust and the Adviser (“Independent Trustees”). The Trustees are fiduciaries for the Fund’s shareholders and are governed by the laws of the State of Delaware in this regard. The Board of Trustees establishes policies for the operation of the Fund and appoints the officers who conduct the daily business of the Fund.

 

Board Leadership Structure. The Trust is led by Mr. Brian Nielsen, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since 2011.  Mr. Nielsen is an interested person by virtue of his prior affiliation with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Fund’s Distributor).  The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Nielsen and four (4) Independent Trustees. Under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) setting the agendas for board meetings and (d) ensuring board members are provided necessary materials in advance of each board meeting.   The Trust believes that (i) its Chairman, Brian Nielsen, (ii) the independent chair of the Audit Committee, Keith Rhoades and (iii), as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, each of its funds and each shareholder The Independent Trustees have selected Anthony H. Lewis as the Lead Independent Trustee.

 

In accordance with the fund governance standards prescribed by the SEC under the 1940 Act, the Independent Trustees on the Nominating Committee select and nominate all candidates for Independent Trustee positions. Each Trustee was appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees because of his experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills. The Board of Trustees reviews its leadership structure regularly on at least an annual basis. The Board of Trustees believes that the structure described above facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Trustees from the officers of the Trust, the advisers of the funds that comprise the Trust and other service providers, and facilitates the effective evaluation of the risks and other issues, including conflicts of interest, that may impact the Trust as a whole as well as the funds individually. The Board of Trustees believes that the orderly and efficient flow of information and the ability of the Board of Trustees to bring each Trustee’s experience and skills to bear in overseeing the Trust’s operations is important given the characteristics and circumstances of the Trust, including: the unaffiliated nature of each investment adviser and the fund(s) managed by such adviser; the number of funds that comprise the Trust; the variety of asset classes that those funds reflect; the net assets of the Trust; the committee structure of the Trust; and the independent arrangements of each of the Trust’s series. For these reasons, the Board of Trustees believes that its leadership structure is appropriate.

 

Board Responsibilities. The Board of Trustees’ role is one of oversight rather than day-to-day management of any of the Trust’s series. The Trust’s Audit Committee assists with this oversight function. The Board of Trustees’ oversight extends to the Trust’s risk management processes. Those processes are overseen by Trust officers, including the President, the Treasurer, the Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), who regularly report to the Board of Trustees on a variety of matters at Board meetings.

 

Board Risk Oversight. The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Nielsen and four (4) Independent Trustees with a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its CCO at quarterly meetings and on

18 
 

an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary.  The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities.  Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the CCO is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information and oversees the Trust’s service providers’ adherence to the Trust’s policies and procedures.

 

Investment advisers managing the Trust’s series report to the Trust’s CCO and the Board of Trustees, on a regular and as-needed basis, on actual and possible risks affecting the Trust’s series. These investment advisers report to the CCO and the Board of Trustees on various elements of risk, including investment, credit, liquidity, valuation, operational and compliance risks, as well as any overall business risks that could impact the Trust’s series.

 

The Board of Trustees has appointed the CCO, who reports directly to the Board of Trustees and who participates in its regular meetings. In addition, the CCO conducts on-going and continuous compliance testing and presents an annual report to the Board of Trustees in accordance with the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures. The CCO, together with the Trust’s President, Treasurer and Secretary, regularly discusses risk issues affecting the Trust and its series during Board of Trustee meetings. The CCO also provides updates to the Board of Trustees on the operation of the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures and on how these procedures are designed to mitigate risk. Finally, the CCO and/or other officers of the Trust report to the Board of Trustees in the event that any material risk issues arise in between Board meetings.

 

Trustee Qualifications. Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills. Mr. Nielsen has over eighteen years of experience in the investment management and brokerage business including a focus in compliance, legal and regulatory oversight and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate.  Since 2010, Thomas Sarkany has been the President of TTS Consultants, LLC, a financial services firm and from 1994 through 2010 held various roles at Value Line, Inc. (a publicly held company providing financial research, publications and money management services to retail and institutional investors), including Director of Marketing and Asset Management, Director of Index Licensing, and member of the Board of Directors. Anthony Lewis has been Chairman and CEO of The Lewis Group USA, an executive consulting firm, for the past ten years, and also serves as a Director, the Chairman of the Compensation Committee, and a Member of the Audit Committee of Torotel Inc. Keith Rhoades held various accounting roles at Union Pacific Railroad, including Senior Director of General Ledger/Financial Research for Union Pacific Railroad, and Randy Skalla has more than 20 years of investment management experience including serving as President of L5 Enterprises, Inc. since 2001 and from 2001 through 2017 Mr. Skalla was a member of the Orizon Investment Counsel Board. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee’s qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.

 

The Board of Trustees has established three standing board committees – the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Nominating Committee. All Independent Trustees are members of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee. Inclusion of all Independent Trustees as members of all three standing committees allows all such Trustees to participate in the full range of the Board of Trustees’ oversight duties, including oversight of risk management processes.

 

Trustees and Officers. The Trustees and the officers of the Trust are listed below with their addresses, present positions with the Trust and principal occupations over at least the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, Nebraska 68130.

 

 

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Independent Trustees

         

 

Name, Address and Year of Birth Position/Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex*** Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

During the Past Five Years

Thomas T. Sarkany

1946

 

Trustee since October 2011 President, TTS Consultants, LLC (since 2010) (financial services firm). 1 Director, Aquila Distributors, Trustee, Arrow ETF Trust; Trustee, Arrow Investments Trust; Trustee, Northern Lights Fund Trust IV

Anthony H. Lewis

1946

 

Trustee Since May 2011

 

Chairman and CEO of The Lewis Group USA (since 2007) (executive consulting firm). 1 Director, Member of the Compensation Committee and Member of the Risk Committee of Torotel Inc. (Magnetics, Aerospace and Defense), Trustee, Chairman of the Fair Valuation Committee and Member of the Audit Committee of the Wildermuth Endowment Strategy Fund

Keith Rhoades

1948

Trustee Since May 2011 Retired (since 2008.) 1 NONE

Randal D. Skalla

1962

 

Trustee since May 2011

President, L5 Enterprises, Inc. (since 2001) (financial services company).

 

1 Board Member, Orizon Investment Counsel (2001 through 2017) (financial services company)

 

 

Interested Trustees and Officers

 

Name, Address and Year of Birth Position/Term of Office*

Principal Occupation

During the Past Five Years

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee

Other Directorships held by Trustee

During the Past Five Years

Brian Nielsen**

1972

 

Trustee

Since May 2011

Trustee (since 2011) of Northern Lights Fund Trust II; Special Projects Counsel of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC (from 2018 to 2019); General Counsel (from 2001 to 2014) and Secretary (from 2001 to 2018) of CLS Investments, LLC; General Counsel (from 2001 to 2014) and 1 Manager of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (from 2005 to 2018); Manager of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC (from 2012 to 2015); Manager of Arbor Point Advisors, LLC (from 2012 to 2018); Director of Constellation  Trust Company (from 2004 to 2018)
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Secretary (from 2001 to 2018) of CLS Investments, LLC; General Counsel (from 2001 to 2014) and Secretary (from 2001 to 2018) of Orion Advisor Services, LLC; Manager (from 2012 to 2015), General Counsel and Secretary (from 2003 to 2018) of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC; CEO (from 2012 to 2018), General Counsel (from 2003 to 2014), Secretary (from 2003 to 2018) and Manager (from 2005 to 2018) of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC; Director, Secretary and General Counsel (from 2004 to 2018) of Constellation Trust Company; CEO (from 2015 to 2018), Manager (from 2008 to 2015), General Counsel and Secretary (from 2011 to 2018) of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC; General Counsel and Secretary (from 2011 to 2018) of Blu Giant, LLC; General Counsel (from 2012 to 2014) and Secretary (from 2012 to 2018) of Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Manager (from 2012 to 2018) of Arbor Point Advisors, LLC; General Counsel and Secretary (from 2013 to 2014) of Gemini Hedge Fund Services, LLC; General Counsel and Secretary (from 2013 to 2014) of Gemini Alternative Funds, LLC; Secretary and General Counsel of NorthStar Holdings, LLC (from 2013 to 2015); Director, Secretary and General Counsel of NorthStar CTC Holdings, Inc. (from 2015 to 2018) and Secretary and Chief Legal Officer (from 2003 to 2018) of AdvisorOne.

Kevin E. Wolf

80 Arkay Drive

Hauppauge, NY  11788

1969

President

Since January 2013

Vice President of The Ultimus Group, LLC and Executive Vice President of Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2019), President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2012 - 2019). N/A N/A

Richard Malinowski

80 Arkay Drive.

Hauppauge, NY  11788

1983

 

Secretary

since January 2018

Senior Vice President Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since April 2017); Vice President and Counsel (April 2016 – 2017) and AVP and Staff Attorney (September 2012 – March 2016). N/A N/A

Erik Naviloff

80 Arkay Drive

Hauppauge, NY  11788

1968

Treasurer

Since January 2013

Vice President of Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2012). N/A N/A
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Emile Molineaux

80 Arkay Drive

Hauppauge, NY 11788

1962

Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer

Since May 2011

Senior Compliance Officer and CCO of Various clients of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2011). N/A N/A

*  The term of office for each Trustee and Officer listed above will continue indefinitely.

** Brian Nielsen is an “interested person” of the Trust as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (the Trust’s Administrator, Fund Accountant, and Transfer Agent) and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Fund’s Distributor), Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Fund’s Compliance provider) and Blu Giant, LLC (the Fund’s Edgar and printing service provider).

***As of March 31, 2019 the Trust was comprised of 22 active portfolios managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Fund and not any other series of the Trust. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust for investment purposes, nor does it share the same investment adviser with any other series.

 

Board Committees

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee, which is comprised of the independent members of the Board of Trustees. The Audit Committee reviews financial statements and other audit-related matters for the Fund. The Audit Committee also holds discussions with management and with the Fund’s independent auditor concerning the scope of the audit and the auditor’s independence and will meet at least four times annually. During the Fund’s fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 the Audit Committee met ten times.

 

Nominating Committee. The Board has a Nominating Committee, which is comprised of the independent members of the Board of Trustees. The Nominating Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for the position of trustee and meets only as necessary. The Nominating Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees.

 

Compensation Committee. The Board has a Compensation Committee, which is comprised of the independent members of the Board of Trustees. The role of the Compensation Committee is to oversee the evaluation of, and review and approve compensation for, the independent members of the Board of Trustees. The Compensation Committee will generally meet annually.

Other Committees of the Trust

Valuation Committee. The Trust has a Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee is responsible for the following: (1) monitoring the valuation of Fund securities and other investments; and (2) as required, when the Board of Trustees is not in session, determining the fair value of illiquid securities and other holdings after consideration of all relevant factors, which determinations are reported to the Board. The Valuation Committee shall, at all times, consist of no less than three members, including the Trust’s President and Treasurer, and may include such number of alternate members that are officers of the Trust’s Administrator or the investment adviser of a series of the Trust as the Board of Trustees or the members of the Valuation Committee may from time to time designate. The Valuation Committee meets as necessary when a price for a portfolio security is not readily available.

 

 

TRUSTEE COMPENSATION

 

Effective January 1, 2019, each Trustee will receive a quarterly fee of $21,250 (the “Trustee Fee”) to be paid at the beginning of each calendar quarter, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust. Each Trustee will also receive reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the regular quarterly meetings of the Trust. In addition to the Trustee Fee, the Audit Committee Chairman will receive an additional quarterly fee of $4,000 and the Chairman of the Trust will receive an additional quarterly fee of $5,250. For special in-person meetings, each Trustee will receive a $2,500 special in-person meeting fee, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the special in-person meeting, which fees will generally be paid by the Adviser requesting the special in-person meeting. None of the executive officers will receive compensation from the Trust.

 

Prior to January 1, 2019, each Trustee received a quarterly fee of $20,000 (the “Trustee Fee”) paid at the beginning of each calendar quarter, allocated among each of the various portfolios comprising the Trust. Each Trustee also received reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the regular quarterly meetings of the Trust. In addition to the Trustee Fee, the Audit Committee Chairman received an additional quarterly fee of $3,750 and the Chairman of the Trust received an additional quarterly fee of

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$5,000. For special in-person meetings, each Trustee received a $2,500 special in-person meeting fee, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the special in-person meeting, which fees were generally be paid by the Adviser requesting the special in-person meeting. None of the executive officers received compensation from the Trust. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, deferred compensation, pension or retirement plan.  

 

The following table details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

 

Name The Fund Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement

Total Compensation From Fund Complex***

Paid to Trustees

Anthony H. Lewis $3,782 None None $3,782
Keith Rhoades* $3,782 None None $3,782
Thomas T. Sarkany $4,491 None None $4,491
Randal D. Skalla $3,782 None None $3,782
Brian Nielsen** $4,724 None None $4,724
           

*Mr. Rhoades also serves as chairman of the Audit Committee.

**Brian Nielsen is deemed to be an ‘interested person’ as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his prior affiliation with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Fund’s Distributor). Mr. Nielsen also serves as Chairman of the Board of Trustees.

***There are currently multiple series comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” refers only to the Fund and not to any other series of the Trust. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, aggregate independent Trustees’ fees were $441,750.

 

TRUSTEE OWNERSHIP

 

The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Fund and other series of the Trust as of December 31, 2018.

 

Name of Trustee Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
Thomas T. Sarkany None None
Anthony H. Lewis None None
Keith Rhoades None None
Randal D. Skalla None None
Brian Nielsen* None None

* Brian Nielsen is deemed to be an ‘interested person’ as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his prior affiliation with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Fund’s Distributor).

 

As of December 31, 2018, the Trustees and officers, as a group, did not own any shares of the Fund and less than 1.00% of the Fund Complex’s outstanding shares.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. A controlling person possesses the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted for shareholder vote by the Fund.

  

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As of July 1, 2019, the following persons owned, beneficially or of record, 5% or more of a class of shares of the Fund:

 

 

Name of Shareholder

 

Share Class Owned

% Of Share Class Owned

Charles Schwab & Co Inc.

Special Custody A/C

ATTN MUTUAL FUNDS

211 Main Street

San Francisco, CA 94105

Class A 98.39%
     

 

THE ADVISER

 

As stated in the Prospectus, investment advisory services are provided to the Fund by Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC (the “Adviser”), 7110 North Fresno Street, Suite 450, Fresno, CA 93720, pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is organized under the laws of the State of California as a limited liability company, and is registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Adviser is owned by LLC Members Blake Todd (Managing Member and Chief Executive Officer) who owns 80% and Jarrett Perez (Member and Chief Compliance Officer) who owns 20%. For additional information regarding the control persons of the Adviser, please see below. Subject to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Adviser is ultimately responsible for investment decisions for the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser provides the Fund with such investment advice and supervision as it deems necessary for the proper supervision of the Fund’s investments.

 

After an initial period of two years, the Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund upon 60 days’ prior written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the applicable Fund’s shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, or by the Adviser upon 60 days’ prior written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser, under such agreement, shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.

 

Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, agrees (directly or through a sub-adviser) to invest the assets of the Fund in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Fund’s current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser.  The Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to the Fund and, as such shall (directly or through a sub-adviser) (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities here under, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Fund in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold or retained  by the Fund, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases or sales are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser (directly or through a sub-adviser) will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the  issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and  to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers.  The Adviser also

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provides the Fund with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Fund’s investments, compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Fund or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities.  The Advisory Agreement was initially approved by the Board of the Trust, including by a majority of the Independent Trustees, at a meeting held on May 17, 2011 and most recently renewed by the Board of the Trust, including by a majority of the Independent Trustees, at a meeting held on July 25-26, 2019.

 

In addition, the Adviser, directly subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, provides the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund. These services include providing facilities for maintaining the Trust’s organization; supervising relations with custodians, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, underwriters and other persons dealing with the Fund; preparing all general shareholder communications and conducting shareholder relations; maintaining the Fund’s records and the registration of the Fund’s shares under federal securities laws and making necessary filings under state securities laws; developing management and shareholder services for the Fund; and furnishing reports, evaluations and analyses on a variety of subjects to the Trustees.  

 

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a management fee at the annual rate of 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The fee is computed daily and payable monthly.

 

Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Fund. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund is responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser, (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser or Distributor (as defined under the section entitled (“The Distributor”) (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled “Custodian”) and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled “Transfer Agent”), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Fund and of pricing the Fund’s shares, (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Fund, (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Fund in connection with its securities transactions, (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Fund to governmental agencies, (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Fund may be a member, (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Fund, (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance, (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Fund and of its shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Fund’s registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees’ meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Trust who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders, and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Trust’s business.

 

For the fiscal years noted in the table the Fund paid the following advisory fees to the Adviser pursuant to the investment advisory agreement with the Fund, of which the Adviser waived or recouped the amount set forth in the table below.

 

Fiscal Year Ended Advisory Fee Recoupment (Waiver)

Expense

Reimbursement

Advisory Fee after Waivers/Recapture
March 31, 2019 $165,481 - - $165,481
March 31, 2018 $168,869 $15,971 - $184,840
March 31, 2017 $156,643 $(57) - $156,586

 

 

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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

The following section provides information regarding the Portfolio Managers, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, compensation, material conflicts of interests, and any ownership of securities in the Fund.

Blake T. Todd shares responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund as Co-Portfolio Manager and has been responsible for the day-to-day management of the Predecessor Fund since November 1, 2005. Jarrett Perez shares responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund as Co-Portfolio Manager and has been Co-Portfolio Manager of the Predecessor Fund since 2006.

Blake T. Todd, AIF®. Mr. Todd is the lead portfolio manager responsible for the day to day management of the Fund. Mr. Todd is the majority owner of the Adviser. In addition to the fund, Mr. Todd serves as lead portfolio manager for Montecito Investment Portfolios offered through the Crowell Weedon Asset Management program at DA Davidson & Co. At DA Davidson & Co. he manages individual portfolios for private clients and retirement funds under the CWAM - Montecito Investment Portfolios program (“CWAM”) within the DA Davidson & Co RIA. Prior to joining DA Davidson & Co., Mr. Todd held various sales, portfolio management and management positions with Crowell Weedon & Co., The Seidler Companies, Sutro-RBC Dain Rauscher, Shearson Smith Barney, Kidder Peabody, and Dean Witter Reynolds beginning in 1979.

 

Jarrett Perez, CFA. Mr. Perez is a minority owner of the Adviser. Mr. Perez also has worked at DA Davidson & Co. since 2013. Mr. Perez serves as the assistant portfolio manager for private clients and retirement funds in the CWAM at DA Davidson & Co. Prior to joining DA Davidson & Co., Mr. Perez held various sales and operational duties with Crowell Weedon & Co, The Seidler Companies and UBS-Paine Weber beginning in 2002.

 

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies, for the Portfolio Manager of the Fund, the number of accounts managed (excluding the Fund) and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. To the extent that the advisory fees for any of these accounts are based on account performance, this information is reflected in separate tables below. Asset amounts are approximate as of the date of this SAI, and have been rounded. The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed.

 

As of March 31, 2019 Mr. Todd and Mr. Perez were responsible for the management of the following types of accounts in addition to the Fund:

Account Type Number of Accounts by Account Type

Total Assets By Account Type

(millions)

Number of Accounts by Type  Subject to a Performance Fee Total Assets By Account Type Subject to a Performance Fee
         
Blake T. Todd        
Registered Investment Companies None N/A N/A N/A
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles None N/A N/A N/A
Other Accounts 238 $129.6 N/A N/A
Jarrett Perez        
Registered Investment Companies None N/A N/A N/A
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Other Pooled Investment Vehicles None N/A N/A N/A
Other Accounts 238 $129.6 N/A N/A

 

Material Conflicts of Interest

As indicated in the tables above, a portfolio manager employed by the Adviser may manage numerous accounts for multiple clients for which the Adviser also serves as the investment manager. These accounts consist of separate accounts (i.e., accounts managed on behalf of individuals or public or private institutions). Portfolio Managers employed by the Adviser make investment decisions for each account based on the investment objectives and policies and other relevant investment considerations applicable to that specific account.

 

In the event that a portfolio manager has responsibility for managing more than one account, potential conflicts of interest may arise. The only material conflict of interest identified by the Adviser involves the execution of portfolio trades for clients. The Adviser uses systems for executing trades that are reasonably designed to provide fair treatment for each of its accounts. 

 

In addition, the portfolio manager is also a registered representative of the brokerage firm of DA Davidson & Co. and makes investment recommendations to his brokerage clients, including recommendations for the purchase and sale of mutual funds. This may create potential conflicts of interests that may cause the portfolio manager to recommend to his brokerage clients purchases of shares of his managed Fund since each portfolio manager is compensated by the Adviser based on a percentage of his managed Fund’s assets. This may also create potential conflict of interests if the portfolio manager selects a security for purchase by his managed Fund and simultaneously recommends that the same security be sold by his brokerage client, due to different investment goals between the managed Fund and the brokerage client. If any potential conflicts of interest arise between the managed Fund and the managed brokerage accounts, the portfolio managers will proceed in a manner that ensures that their managed Fund will not be materially treated less favorably.

 

Portfolio Manager’s Compensation

The Portfolio Managers’ compensation is a fixed salary that is set by reference to industry standards. Bonuses paid to the Portfolio Managers are based on the profitability of the Adviser.

 

Portfolio Managers’ Ownership of the Fund

The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio managers of the Fund as of March 31, 2019:

 

Name of Portfolio Manager Dollar Range of Equity Securities in Managed Fund
Blake T. Todd $50,000 to $100,000
Jarrett Perez $0 to $10,000

 

OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

 

Administrator

Pursuant to a Fund Services Agreement (the “Administration Service Agreement”), Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”), 80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788 (the “Administrator”), acts as administrator for the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor. GFS may provide persons to serve as officers of the Fund. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of GFS or its affiliates.

 

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On February 1, 2019, NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC, the parent company of GFS and its affiliated companies including Northern Lights Distributors, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (collectively, the “Gemini Companies”), sold its interest in the Gemini Companies to a third party private equity firm that contemporaneously acquired Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC (an independent mutual fund administration firm) and its affiliates (collectively, the “Ultimus Companies”). As a result of these separate transactions, the Gemini Companies and the Ultimus Companies are now indirectly owned through a common parent entity, The Ultimus Group, LLC.

 

Under the Administration Service Agreement, GFS provides facilitating administrative services, including:  (i) providing services of persons competent to perform such administrative and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (ii) facilitating the performance of administrative and professional services to the Fund by others, including the Fund’s Custodian; (iii) preparing, but not paying for, the periodic updating of the Fund’s Registration Statement, Prospectuses and Statement of Additional Information in conjunction with Fund counsel, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, and preparing reports to the Fund’s shareholders and the SEC; (iv) preparing in conjunction with Fund counsel, but not paying for, all filings under the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Distributor, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Fund and/or its shares under such laws; (v) preparing notices and agendas for meetings of the Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by the 1940 Act to be acted upon by the Board; and (vi) monitoring daily and periodic compliance with respect to all requirements and restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code and the Prospectus.

 

For the services rendered to the Fund by the Administrator, the Fund pays the Administrator the greater of an annual minimum fee or an asset based fee, which scales downward based upon net assets for fund administration, fund accounting and transfer agency services. The Fund also pays the Administrator for any out-of-pocket expenses.

 

The table below shows the administrative service fees incurred by the Fund to the Administrator.

 

  Fees paid to the Administrator
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 $43,069
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 $43,373
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 $48,707

 

Fund Accounting   

GFS, pursuant to the Fund Accounting Service Agreement, provides the Fund with accounting services, including:  (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of the Fund’s listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Fund; (vi) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Fund’s custodian or Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Fund. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.

 

The table below shows the fund accounting fees incurred by the Fund to the Administrator.

 

  Fees paid to the Administrator
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 $24,192
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 $22,775
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 $30,243

 

Transfer Agent

GFS, 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Fund pursuant to a written agreement with the Fund. Under the

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agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. Under the Services Agreement, the Fund is responsible for paying the fees to GFS.

 

The table below shows the transfer agent fees incurred by the Fund to the Transfer Agent.

 

  Fees paid to the Transfer Agent
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 $28,980
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 $30,542
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 $42,277

 

Custodian  

The Bank of New York Mellon, (“BNYM”), One Wall Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian for the Fund. As such, BNYM holds all securities and cash of the Fund, delivers and receives payment for securities sold, receives and pays for securities purchased, collects income from investments and performs other duties, all as directed by officers of the Company. BNYM does not exercise any supervisory function over management of the Fund, the purchase and sale of securities or the payment of distributions to shareholders. Under the Custody Agreement with BNYM, GFS, serves as custody administrator on behalf of the Fund, and performs certain tasks on behalf of BNYM, for which it receives a share of the custody fees paid to the Custodian, including a share of the asset-based fee and certain transaction fees.

 

Compliance Services

Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”), 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, an affiliate of GFS and the Distributor, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust. The Fund pays a compliance service fee to NLCS.

 

The table below shows the compliance service fees incurred by the Fund to NLCS.

 

  Fees paid to NLCS
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 $20,741
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 $19,998
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 $14,501

 

Legal Counsel

Alston & Bird, LLP, 950 F Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20004 serves as counsel to the Trust. Blank Rome LLP, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020, serves as counsel to the Independent Trustees.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Cohen & Company, Ltd. serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and audited the Fund’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended on March 31, 2019.

 

DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES

 

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, located at 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130 (the “Distributor”) serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Fund pursuant to an underwriting agreement with the Trust (the “Underwriting Agreement”). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each state's securities laws and is a member of FINRA. The offering of the Fund’s shares is continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Fund shares, will use reasonable efforts to facilitate the sale of the Fund's shares.

 

The Underwriting Agreement has an initial term of two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the

29 
 

Fund’s outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Underwriting Agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party. The Underwriting Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days’ notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the Distributor on 60 days’ notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).

 

The following table sets forth the total compensation received by the Distributor for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:

 

Fund Net Underwriting Discounts and Commissions Compensation on Redemptions and Repurchases Brokerage Commissions Other Compensation
Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund $3,944 $0 $0 *
* The Distributor received $6,748 from the Adviser as compensation for its distribution services to the Fund.
The Distributor also receives 12b-1 fees from the Fund as described under the 12b-1 Plans.

 

12b-1 Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Plans

As noted in the Prospectus, the Trust has adopted a Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act for the Fund’s Class A shares (the “Plan”) pursuant to which the Class A shares of the Fund are authorized to pay fees to the Distributor for providing distribution and/or shareholder services to the Fund. Under the Plan, Class A shares of the Fund may pay a combined account maintenance and/or distribution fee at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average net assets of class as compensation for the Distributor providing account maintenance and/or distribution services to shareholders. Such fees are to be paid by the Fund monthly, or at such other intervals, as the Board shall determine. Such fees shall be based upon the share class’s average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The Fund may pay fees to the Distributor at a lesser rate, as agreed upon by the Board of the Trust and the Distributor. The Plan authorizes payments to the Distributor as compensation for providing account maintenance services to Fund shareholders, including arranging for certain securities dealers or brokers, administrators and others (“Recipients”) to provide these services and paying compensation for these services.

 

The services to be provided by Recipients may include, but are not limited to, the following: assistance in the offering and sale of Fund shares and in other aspects of the marketing of the shares to clients or prospective clients of the respective recipients; answering routine inquiries concerning the Fund; assisting in the establishment and maintenance of accounts or sub-accounts in the Fund and in processing purchase and redemption transactions; making the Fund’s investment plan and shareholder services available; and providing such other information and services to investors in shares of the Fund as the Distributor or the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, may reasonably request. The distribution services shall also include any advertising and marketing services provided by or arranged by the Distributor with respect to the Fund. The Adviser may be compensated by the Distributor for its distribution and marketing efforts.

 

The Distributor is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the Rule 12b-1 Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made. Further, the Distributor will inform the Board of any Rule 12b-1 fees to be paid by the Distributor to Recipients.

 

The initial term of each Rule 12b-1 Plan is one year and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board of the Trust and a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and do not have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Rule 12b-1 Plan (“Rule 12b-1 Trustees”) by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Rule 12b-1 Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan may be terminated at any time

30 
 

by the Trust or the Fund by vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund.

 

The Rule 12b-1 Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of the Distributor’s compensation to be paid by the Fund, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the affected class of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on a Rule 12b-1 Plan. During the term of a Rule 12b-1 Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Distributor will preserve copies of the Rule 12b-1 Plan, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.

 

Any agreement related to a Rule 12b-1 Plan will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the applicable Fund at any time upon sixty days’ written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or Fund; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.

 

To the extent these asset-based fees and other payments made under the Distribution Plan to these financial intermediaries for the distribution services they provide to the Fund’s shareholders exceed the Distribution Fees available, these payments are made by the Adviser from its own resources, which may include its profits from the advisory fee it receives from the Fund. In addition, the Fund may participate in various “fund supermarkets” in which a mutual fund supermarket sponsor (usually a broker-dealer) offers many mutual funds to the sponsor’s customers without charging the customers a sales charge. In connection with its participation in such platforms, the Adviser may use all or a portion of the Distribution Fee to pay one or more supermarket sponsors a negotiated fee for distributing the Fund’s shares. In addition, in its discretion, the Adviser may pay additional fees to such intermediaries from its own assets.

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 the Fund paid the following allocated distribution fees:

 

Rule 12b-1 Expenditures Paid by the Fund During the Year Ended March 31, 2019
Class A Shares* Total Dollars Allocated
Advertising/Marketing None
Printing/Postage None
Payment to Distributor $1,514
Payment to dealers $788
Compensation to sales personnel None
Other $66,649
Total $68,951

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE ALLOCATION

 

Subject to policies established by the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for investment decisions and for the execution of the Fund’s portfolio transactions. The Fund has no obligation to deal with any particular broker or dealer in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities. In executing such transactions, the Adviser seeks to obtain the best price and execution for its transactions. While the Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive commission rates, the Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest commission.

 

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Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Fund may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Advisor determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other services provided to the Fund. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Advisor may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Advisor exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Fund transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Fund, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Fund.

 

The following table shows the broker commissions paid by the Fund during the fiscal year ends indicated.

 

  Brokerage Commissions
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 $3,541
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 $3,242
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 $5,975

 

Where best price and execution may be obtained from more than one broker or dealer, the Adviser may, in its discretion, purchase and sell securities through dealers who provide research, statistical and other information to the Adviser. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Adviser under its Advisor Agreement and the expenses of the Adviser will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information. Although certain research, market and statistical information from brokers and dealers can be useful to a Fund and the Adviser, the Adviser has advised that such information is, in its opinion, only supplementary to the Adviser’s own research activities and the information must still be analyzed, weighed and reviewed by the Adviser.

 

The Fund will not purchase securities from, or sell securities to, the Adviser or its affiliates. The Adviser may not take into account the sale of Fund shares by a broker in allocating brokerage transactions. However, the Adviser may place portfolio transactions with brokers or dealers that promote or sell the applicable Fund’s shares so long as such placements are made pursuant to policies approved by the Board of Trustees that are designed to ensure that the selection is based on the quality of the broker’s execution and not on its sales efforts.

 

 

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER

 

Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (i) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (ii) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to above-average transaction costs, could generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as short-term capital gains taxed at ordinary income tax rates (currently as high as 37%) and could increase brokerage commission costs. To the extent that the Fund experiences an increase in brokerage commissions due to a higher portfolio turnover rate, the performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by the increased expenses incurred by the Fund and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions.

 

The following table shows the portfolio turnover rate for the Fund during the fiscal year ends indicated.

 

  Portfolio Turnover
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 15%
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 22%

 

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DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

 

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of Fund shareholders.

 

It is the Trust’s policy to:  (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of Trust shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trust’s shareholders and those of the Trust’s affiliates.

 

No sooner than thirty days after the end of each month, the Fund will make available a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings as of the last day of the month. The Fund also discloses its portfolio holdings by mailing the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately sixty days after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period.  In addition, the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q sixty days after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.

 

The Fund may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg earlier and more frequently on a confidential basis.

 

Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q.  In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.  

 

The Adviser.  Personnel of the Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio, may have full daily access to Fund portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser to provide their management, administrative, and investment services to the Fund.  As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC.  Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custody administrator for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

 

Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC. Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC provides consulting services to the Fund as well as related compliance services; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

 

The Bank of New York Mellon.  The Bank of New York Mellon is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.

 

Cohen & Company, Ltd.  Cohen & Company, Ltd. is the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Fund’s annual financial statements and provide assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.  

 

33 
 

Alston & Bird, LLP.  Alston & Bird, LLP is counsel to the Trust; therefore, its personnel have access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.

 

Blank Rome LLP. Blank Rome LLP is counsel to the Independent Trustees.

 

Additions to List of Approved Recipients

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above.  In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Fund, the Adviser or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

 

Compliance With Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures

 

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.

 

There is no assurance that the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund, the investment adviser to the Fund and the Fund’s principal underwriter has each adopted a Code of Ethics that governs certain personal investment activities of a person having access to investment information of the Fund. The Code of Ethics places limits on personal securities transactions for certain persons, and places strict reporting requirements on these people if they effect a personal securities transaction in a security in which the Fund invests.

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Policies”) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies of securities held by the Fund to the Adviser and responsibility for voting proxies of securities held by the Fund to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser to present to the Board, at least annually, the Adviser’s Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. A copy of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies is attached hereto as an Appendix.

 

The Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures are attached as Appendix A to this Statement of Additional Information.

 

More information. The actual voting records of the Fund relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 are available without charge, upon request by calling toll-free, 1-855-896-6257 or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Fund’s proxy voting policies and procedures are also available by calling 1-855-896-6257 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.

 

 

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ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM

 

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”).  To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.  The Trust’s secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.

 

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Fund’s Distributor and Transfer Agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and a providing a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications.  The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

 

As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading "Net Asset Value," the net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund's shares, by class, is determined by dividing the total value of the Fund's portfolio investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Fund, by class.

 

Generally, the Fund’s domestic securities (including underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges) are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s fair value committee in accordance with procedures approved by the Board and as further described below. Securities that are not traded or dealt in any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the- counter market.

 

Certain securities or investments for which daily market quotes are not readily available may be valued, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, with reference to other securities or indices. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less may be generally valued at amortized cost when it approximated fair value.

 

Exchange traded options are valued at the last quoted sales price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on the exchange on which such options are traded. Futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction. Swap agreements and other derivatives are generally valued daily based upon

35 
 

quotations from market makers or by a pricing service in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board.

 

Under certain circumstances, the Fund may use an independent pricing service to calculate the fair market value of foreign equity securities on a daily basis by applying valuation factors to the last sale price or the mean price as noted above. The fair market values supplied by the independent pricing service will generally reflect market trading that occurs after the close of the applicable foreign markets of comparable securities or the value of other instruments that have a strong correlation to the fair-valued securities. The independent pricing service will also take into account the current relevant currency exchange rate. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their own fair valuation procedures. Because foreign securities may trade on days when Fund shares are not priced, the value of securities held by the Fund can change on days when Fund shares cannot be redeemed or purchased. In the event that a foreign security’s market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable (for reasons other than because the foreign exchange on which it trades closed before the Fund’s calculation of NAV), the security will be valued at its fair market value as determined in good faith by the Fund’s fair value committee in accordance with procedures approved by the Board as discussed below. Without fair valuation, it is possible that short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that it will prevent dilution of the Fund’s NAV by short-term traders. In addition, because the Fund may invest in underlying ETFs which hold portfolio securities primarily listed on foreign (non-U.S.) exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the underlying ETFs do not price their shares, the value of these portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.

 

Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, the NAV of the Fund's shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the New York Stock Exchange is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.

 

Fund shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) (the "NYSE Close") on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. For purposes of calculating the NAV, the Fund normally use pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE Close and does not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day.

 

When market quotations are insufficient or not readily available, the Fund may value securities at fair value or estimate their value as determined in good faith by the Board or its designees, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may also be used by the Board if extraordinary events occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.

 

The Fund may hold securities, such as private placements, interests in commodity pools, other non-traded securities or temporarily illiquid securities, for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be unreliable. These securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to a fair value team composed of one of more officers from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The team may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.

 

36 
 

Fair Value Committee and Valuation Process. The fair value committee is composed of one of more officers from each of the (i) Trust, (ii) administrator, and (iii) adviser and/or sub-adviser. The applicable investments are valued collectively via inputs from each of these groups. For example, fair value determinations are required for the following securities: (i) securities for which market quotations are insufficient or not readily available on a particular business day (including securities for which there is a short and temporary lapse in the provision of a price by the regular pricing source), (ii) securities for which, in the judgment of the adviser or sub-adviser, the prices or values available do not represent the fair value of the instrument. Factors which may cause the adviser or sub-adviser to make such a judgment include, but are not limited to, the following: only a bid price or an asked price is available; the spread between bid and asked prices is substantial; the frequency of sales; the thinness of the market; the size of reported trades; and actions of the securities markets, such as the suspension or limitation of trading; (iii) securities determined to be illiquid; (iv) securities with respect to which an event that will affect the value thereof has occurred (a “significant event”) since the closing prices were established on the principal exchange on which they are traded, but prior to the Fund’s calculation of its net asset value. Specifically, interests in commodity pools or managed futures pools are valued on a daily basis by reference to the closing market prices of each futures contract or other asset held by a pool, as adjusted for pool expenses. Restricted or illiquid securities, such as private placements or non-traded securities are valued via inputs from the adviser or sub-adviser valuation based upon the current bid for the security from two or more independent dealers or other parties reasonably familiar with the facts and circumstances of the security (who should take into consideration all relevant factors as may be appropriate under the circumstances). If the adviser or sub-adviser is unable to obtain a current bid from such independent dealers or other independent parties, the fair value team shall determine the fair value of such security using the following factors: (i) the type of security; (ii) the cost at date of purchase; (iii) the size and nature of the Fund's holdings; (iv) the discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase and subsequent thereto; (v) information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security; (vi) the nature and duration of restrictions on disposition of the security and the existence of any registration rights; (vii) how the yield of the security compares to similar securities of companies of similar or equal creditworthiness; (viii) the level of recent trades of similar or comparable securities; (ix) the liquidity characteristics of the security; (x) current market conditions; and (xi) the market value of any securities into which the security is convertible or exchangeable.

 

Standards For Fair Value Determinations. As a general principle, the fair value of a security is the amount that the Fund might reasonably expect to realize upon its current sale. The Trust has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"). In accordance with ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that the Fund would receive upon selling an investment in a timely transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market of the investment. ASC 820 establishes a three-tier hierarchy to maximize the use of observable market data and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to establish classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, for example, the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value including such a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

 

Various inputs are used in determining the value of the Fund's investments relating to ASC 820. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below.

 

37 
 

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities.

 

Level 2 – other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)

 

Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs (including the Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments).

 

The fair value team takes into account the relevant factors and surrounding circumstances, which may include: (i) the nature and pricing history (if any) of the security; (ii) whether any dealer quotations for the security are available; (iii) possible valuation methodologies that could be used to determine the fair value of the security; (iv) the recommendation of a portfolio manager of the Fund with respect to the valuation of the security; (v) whether the same or similar securities are held by other funds managed by the Adviser (or sub-adviser) or other funds and the method used to price the security in those funds; (vi) the extent to which the fair value to be determined for the security will result from the use of data or formulae produced by independent third parties and (vii) the liquidity or illiquidity of the market for the security.

 

Board of Trustees Determination. The Board of Trustees meets at least quarterly to consider the valuations provided by the fair value committee and to ratify the valuations made for the applicable securities. The Board of Trustees considers the reports provided by the fair value committee, including follow up studies of subsequent market-provided prices when available, in reviewing and determining in good faith the fair value of the applicable portfolio securities.

 

The Trust expects that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) will be closed on the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

 

Purchase of Shares.

Orders for shares received by the Fund in good order prior to the close of business on the NYSE on each day during such periods that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at NAV per share computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the close of the NYSE, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined NAV or offering price per share.

 

Redemption of Shares.

The Fund will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder’s shares in the Fund when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the “Redemptions” section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholder’s right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:  

(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;

(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;

(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly determine the value of its net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the SEC (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or

(d) when the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.

 

In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the NAV next determined after the termination of the suspension.

 

The Fund may purchase shares of certain underlying funds which charge a redemption fee to shareholders (such as the Fund) that redeem shares of the underlying fund within a certain period of time (such as one year). The fee is payable to the underlying fund. Accordingly, if the Fund were to invest in an underlying fund and incur a redemption fee as a result of redeeming shares in such underlying fund, the Fund would bear such

38 
 

redemption fee. The Fund will not, however, invest in shares of an underlying fund that is sold with a contingent deferred sales load.

 

Supporting documents in addition to those listed under “Redemptions” in the Prospectus will be required from executors, administrators, Trustees, or if redemption is requested by someone other than the shareholder of record. Such documents include, but are not restricted to, stock powers, Trust instruments, certificates of death, appointments as executor, certificates of corporate authority and waiver of tax required in some states when settling estates.

 

Under section 72.1021(a) of the Texas Property Code, initial investors in the Fund who are Texas residents may designate a representative to receive notices of abandoned property in connection with Fund shares. Texas shareholders who wish to appoint a representative should notify the Trust’s Transfer Agent by writing to the address below to obtain a form for providing written notice to the Trust:

 

Two Oaks Diversified Growth & Income Fund

c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

17645 Wright Street, Suite 200

Omaha, Nebraska 68130

 

TAX INFORMATION

 

The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. The tax considerations relevant to a specific shareholder depend upon its specific circumstances, and the following general summary does not attempt to discuss all potential tax considerations that could be relevant to a prospective shareholder with respect to the Fund or its investments. This general summary is based on the Code, the Federal Income Tax Regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (potentially on a retroactive basis).

 

The following discussion of tax consequences is for the general information of shareholders that are subject to tax. Shareholders that are IRAs or other qualified retirement plans are generally exempt from income taxation under the Code. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax advisor regarding their investment in the Fund.

 

The Fund has qualified and intends to continue to qualify and has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Fund should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Fund will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.

 

Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carry forward of the Fund. Under the Regulated Investment Company Act of 2010, the Fund is permitted to carry forward capital losses incurred in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 for an unlimited period, and such capital losses that are carried forward will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses rather than being considered all short-term as under previous law.

 

The Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be

39 
 

made after the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Fund unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.

 

To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Fund must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and (b) diversify its holding so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Fund’s assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.

 

Following the enactment of the Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010, if the Fund fails to satisfy these qualifying income and asset tests, and such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it may be permitted to “cure” such failure (and thereby not jeopardize its tax status as a regulated investment company) under certain circumstances.

 

If the Fund fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year (and such failure is not subject to cure as discussed above), it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

 

As such the Fund would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Fund generally would not be liable for income tax on the Fund’s net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities. Distributions to shareholders, whether from the Fund’s net investment income or net realized capital gains, would be treated as taxable dividends to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund.

 

The Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Fund’s ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Fund during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Fund expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this excise tax.

 

Distributions of taxable net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In most cases the Fund will hold shares in Underlying Funds for less than 12 months, such that its sales of such shares from time to time will not qualify as long-term capital gains for those investors who hold shares of the Fund in taxable accounts.

 

Distributions of net capital gain (“capital gain dividends”) generally are taxable to shareholders as short-term capital gain; regardless of the length of time the shares of the Trust have been held by such shareholders.

 

A redemption of Fund shares by a shareholder will result in the recognition of taxable gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares. Such gain or loss is treated as a capital gain or loss if the shares are held as capital assets. However, any loss realized upon the redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as capital gain dividends during

40 
 

such six-month period. All or a portion of any loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.

 

Distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain will be taxable as described above, whether received in additional cash or shares. Shareholders electing to reinvest distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset value of a share on the reinvestment date.

 

All distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain, whether received in shares or in cash, must be reported by each taxable shareholder on his or her federal income tax return. Dividends or distributions declared in October, November or December as of a record date in such a month, if any, will be deemed to have been received by shareholders on December 31, if paid during January of the following year. Redemptions of shares may result in tax consequences (gain or loss) to the shareholder and are also subject to these reporting requirements.

 

Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption or exchange of Fund shares, except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. Under the backup withholding provisions of Section 3406 of the Code, distributions of taxable net investment income and net capital gain and proceeds from the redemption or exchange of the shares of a regulated investment company may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the investment company with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the Fund is notified by the IRS or a broker that withholding is required due to an incorrect TIN or a previous failure to report taxable interest or dividends. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld.

 

Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements

 

To the extent such investments are permissible for the Fund, the Fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.

 

To the extent such investments are permissible, certain of the Fund’s hedging activities (including its transactions, if any, in foreign currencies or foreign currency-denominated instruments) are likely to produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund’s book income exceeds its taxable income, the distribution (if any) of such excess book income will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset. If the Fund’s book income is less than taxable income, the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

Investment by the Fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the company or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the company, which tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing

41 
 

fund” (“QEF”), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company.

 

The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed for the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to liquidate other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return.

 

Foreign Currency Transactions

 

The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt securities and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned.

 

Foreign Taxation

 

Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax treaties and conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund may be able to elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund, and may be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his or her pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to certain limitations. In particular, a shareholder must hold his or her shares (without protection from risk of loss) on the ex-dividend date and for at least 15 more days during the 30-day period surrounding the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to a gain dividend. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Each shareholder will be notified within 60 days after the close of the Fund’s taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year.

 

Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of the Fund’s income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. With respect to the Fund, gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income, and to certain other types of income. A shareholder may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of his or her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. The foreign tax credit can be used to offset only 90% of the revised alternative minimum tax imposed on corporations and individuals and foreign taxes generally are not deductible in computing alternative minimum taxable income.

 

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Original Issue Discount and Pay-In-Kind Securities

 

Current federal tax law requires the holder of a U.S. Treasury or other fixed income zero coupon security to accrue as income each year a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased, even though the holder receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year. In addition, pay-in-kind securities will give rise to income, which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund holding the security receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

 

Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as debt securities that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. A portion of the OID includable in income with respect to certain high-yield corporate debt securities (including certain pay-in-kind securities) may be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Some of the debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having market discount. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security. Market discount generally accrues in equal daily installments. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having market discount, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

Some debt securities (with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance) that may be acquired by the Fund may be treated as having acquisition discount, or OID in the case of certain types of debt securities. Generally, the Fund will be required to include the acquisition discount, or OID, in income over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. The Fund may make one or more of the elections applicable to debt securities having acquisition discount, or OID, which could affect the character and timing of recognition of income.

 

If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of securities, it may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by liquidation of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution, if any, than they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

Shareholders of the Fund may be subject to state and local taxes on distributions received from the Fund and on redemptions of the Fund’s shares.

 

A brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution accompany each distribution. In January of each year the Fund issues to each shareholder a statement of the federal income tax status of all distributions.

 

Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The financial statements of the Fund for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and the independent registered public accounting firm’s report dated May 23, 2019 are incorporated herein by reference to the Fund’s Annual Report. These financial statements include the schedule of investments, statement of assets and liabilities, statement of operations, statements of changes in net assets, financial highlights and notes to the

43 
 

financial statements. The Fund will provide the Fund’s Annual Report without charge upon request in writing or by telephone.

 

 

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APPENDIX “A” RATINGS DEFINITIONS

 

Standard & Poor’s Issue Credit Rating Definitions

 

 

A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poor’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

 

Issue credit ratings can be either long term or short term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

 

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 

A-1

A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

A-2

A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

A-3

A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

B

A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

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B-1

A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-2

A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

B-3

A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

 

C

A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

 

D

A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

 

SPUR (Standard & Poor’s Underlying Rating)

This is a rating of a stand-alone capacity of an issue to pay debt service on a credit-enhanced debt issue, without giving effect to the enhancement that applies to it. These ratings are published only at the request of the debt issuer/obligor with the designation SPUR to distinguish them from the credit-enhanced rating that applies to the debt issue. Standard & Poor’s maintains surveillance of an issue with a published SPUR.

 

Dual Ratings

Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).

 

The ratings and other credit related opinions of Standard & Poor’s and its affiliates are statements of opinion as of the date they are expressed and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, hold, or sell any securities or make any investment decisions. Standard & Poor’s assumes no obligation to update any information following publication. Users of ratings and credit related opinions should not rely on them in making any investment decision. Standard &Poor’s opinions and analyses do not address the suitability of any security. Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC does not act as a fiduciary or an investment advisor. While Standard & Poor’s has obtained information from sources it believes to be reliable, Standard & Poor’s does not perform an audit and undertakes no duty of due diligence or independent verification of any information it receives. Ratings and credit related opinions may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn at any time.

 

 

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Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)

 

i

This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The ‘i’ subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The ‘i’ subscript will always be used in conjunction with the ‘p’ subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

 

L

Ratings qualified with ‘L’ apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.

 

p

This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The ‘p’ subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The ‘p’ subscript will always be used in conjunction with the ‘i’ subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of “AAAp NRi” indicating that the principal portion is rated “AAA” and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.

 

pi

Ratings with a ‘pi’ subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer’s published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer’s management and therefore may be based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a ‘pi’ subscript. Ratings with a ‘pi’ subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year’s financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer’s credit quality.

 

pr

The letters ‘pr’ indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

 

preliminary

Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances.

 

Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions.  Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor’s of appropriate documentation.  Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor’s could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor’s reserves the right not to issue a final rating.
   
Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations.  As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor’s policies.  The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.

 

t

This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.

 

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unsolicited

Unsolicited ratings are those credit ratings assigned at the initiative of Standard & Poor’s and not at the request of the issuer or its agents.

 

Inactive Qualifiers (No longer applied or outstanding)

 

*

This symbol indicated continuance of the ratings is contingent upon Standard & Poor’s receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. Discontinued use in August 1998.

 

c

This qualifier was used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long-term credit rating of the issuer is below an investment-grade level and/or the issuer’s bonds are deemed taxable. Discontinued use in January 2001.

 

q

A ‘q’ subscript indicates that the rating is based solely on quantitative analysis of publicly available information. Discontinued use in April 2001.

 

r

The ‘r’ modifier was assigned to securities containing extraordinary risks, particularly market risks, that are not covered in the credit rating. The absence of an ‘r’ modifier should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will not exhibit extraordinary non-credit related risks. Standard & Poor’s discontinued the use of the ‘r’ modifier for most obligations in June 2000 and for the balance of obligations (mainly structured finance transactions) in November 2002.

 

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks

Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor’s analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor’s capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government’s own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

48 
 

Moody’s Credit Rating Definitions

 

Purpose

The system of rating securities was originated by John Moody in 1909. The purpose of Moody’s ratings is to provide investors with a simple system of gradation by which relative creditworthiness of securities may be noted.

 

Rating Symbols

Gradations of creditworthiness are indicated by rating symbols, with each symbol representing a group in which the credit characteristics are broadly the same. There are nine symbols as shown below, from that used to designate least credit risk to that denoting greatest credit risk:

 

Aaa Aa A Baa Ba B Caa Ca C

Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa.

 

Absence of a Rating

Where no rating has been assigned or where a rating has been withdrawn, it may be for reasons unrelated to the creditworthiness of the issue.

 

Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:

 

1. An application was not received or accepted.

 

2. The issue or issuer belongs to a group of securities or entities that are not rated as a matter of policy.

 

3. There is a lack of essential data pertaining to the issue or issuer.

 

4. The issue was privately placed, in which case the rating is not published in Moody’s publications.

 

Withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonable up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.

 

Changes in Rating

The credit quality of most issuers and their obligations is not fixed and steady over a period of time, but tends to undergo change. For this reason changes in ratings occur so as to reflect variations in the intrinsic relative position of issuers and their obligations.

 

A change in rating may thus occur at any time in the case of an individual issue. Such rating change should serve notice that Moody’s observes some alteration in creditworthiness, or that the previous rating did not fully reflect the quality of the bond as now seen. While because of their very nature, changes are to be expected more frequently among bonds of lower ratings than among bonds of higher ratings. Nevertheless, the user of bond ratings should keep close and constant check on all ratings — both high and low — to be able to note promptly any signs of change in status that may occur.

 

Limitations to Uses of Ratings*

Obligations carrying the same rating are not claimed to be of absolutely equal credit quality. In a broad sense, they are alike in position, but since there are a limited number of rating classes used in grading thousands of bonds, the symbols cannot reflect the same shadings of risk which actually exist.

49 
 

As ratings are designed exclusively for the purpose of grading obligations according to their credit quality, they should not be used alone as a basis for investment operations. For example, they have no value in forecasting the direction of future trends of market price. Market price movements in bonds are influenced not only by the credit quality of individual issues but also by changes in money rates and general economic trends, as well as by the length of maturity, etc. During its life even the highest rated bond may have wide price movements, while its high rating status remains unchanged.

 

The matter of market price has no bearing whatsoever on the determination of ratings, which are not to be construed as recommendations with respect to “attractiveness”. The attractiveness of a given bond may depend on its yield, its maturity date or other factors for which the investor may search, as well as on its credit quality, the only characteristic to which the rating refers.

 

Since ratings involve judgments about the future, on the one hand, and since they are used by investors as a means of protection, on the other, the effort is made when assigning ratings to look at “worst” possibilities in the “visible” future, rather than solely at the past record and the status of the present. Therefore, investors using the rating should not expect to find in them a reflection of statistical factors alone, since they are an appraisal of long-term risks, including the recognition of many non-statistical factors.

 

Though ratings may be used by the banking authorities to classify bonds in their bank examination procedure, Moody’s ratings are not made with these bank regulations in mind. Moody’s Investors Service’s own judgment as to the desirability or non-desirability of a bond for bank investment purposes is not indicated by Moody’s ratings.

 

Moody’s ratings represent the opinion of Moody’s Investors Service as to the relative creditworthiness of securities. As such, they should be used in conjunction with the descriptions and statistics appearing in Moody’s publications. Reference should be made to these statements for information regarding the issuer. Moody’s ratings are not commercial credit ratings. In no case is default or receivership to be imputed unless expressly stated.

 

*As set forth more fully on the copyright, credit ratings are, and must be construed solely as, statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities. Each rating or other opinion must be weighed solely as one factor in any investment decision made by or on behalf of any user of the information, and each such user must accordingly make its own study and evaluation of each security and of each issuer and guarantor of, and each provider of credit support for, each security that it may consider purchasing, selling or holding.

 

 

Short-Term Ratings

 

Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.

 

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

P-1

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

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P-2

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

 

P-3

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

NP

Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.

 

 

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Fitch’s National Credit Ratings

 

For those countries in which foreign and local currency sovereign ratings are below ‘AAA’, and where there is demand for such ratings, Fitch Ratings will provide National Ratings. It is important to note that each National Rating scale is unique and is defined to serve the needs of the local market in question.

 

The National Rating scale provides a relative measure of creditworthiness for rated entities only within the country concerned. Under this rating scale, a ‘AAA’ Long-Term National Rating will be assigned to the lowest relative risk within that country, which, in most but not all cases, will be the sovereign state.

 

The National Rating scale merely ranks the degree of perceived risk relative to the lowest default risk in that same country. Like local currency ratings, National Ratings exclude the effects of sovereign and transfer risk and exclude the possibility that investors may be unable to repatriate any due interest and principal repayments. It is not related to the rating scale of any other national market. Comparisons between different national scales or between an individual national scale and the international rating scale are therefore inappropriate and potentially misleading. Consequently, they are identified by the addition of a special identifier for the country concerned, such as ‘AAA(arg)’ for National Ratings in Argentina.

 

In certain countries, regulators have established credit rating scales, to be used within their domestic markets, using specific nomenclature. In these countries, the agency’s National Short-Term Rating definitions for ‘F1+(xxx)’, ‘F1(xxx)’, ‘F2(xxx)’ and ‘F3(xxx)’ may be substituted by the regulatory scales, e.g. ‘A1+’, ‘A1’, ‘A2’ and ‘A3’. The below definitions thus serve as a template, but users should consult the individual scales for each country listed on the agency’s web-site to determine if any additional or alternative category definitions apply.

 

National Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

F1(xxx)
Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. Under the agency’s National Rating scale, this rating is assigned to the lowest default risk relative to others in the same country. Where the liquidity profile is particularly strong, a “+” is added to the assigned rating.

 

F2(xxx)
Indicates a good capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. However, the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

 

F3(xxx)
Indicates an adequate capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. However, such capacity is more susceptible to near-term adverse changes than for financial commitments in higher rated categories.

 

B(xxx)
Indicates an uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. Such capacity is highly susceptible to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

52 
 

C(xxx)
Indicates a highly uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or obligations in the same country. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

 

D(xxx)
Indicates actual or imminent payment default.

 

Notes to Long-Term and Short-Term National Ratings:

 

The ISO country code suffix is placed in parentheses immediately following the rating letters to indicate the identity of the National market within which the rating applies. For illustrative purposes, (xxx) has been used.

 

“+” or “-” may be appended to a National Rating to denote relative status within a major rating category. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA(xxx)’ Long-Term National Rating category, to categories below ‘CCC(xxx)’, or to Short-Term National Ratings other than ‘F1(xxx)’.

 

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APPENDIX B

 

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC

Proxy Voting

 

Policy

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC, as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of the clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm’s proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.

 

Background

Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.

 

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser’s interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser’s proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

 

Responsibility

Jarrett Perez has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.

 

Procedure

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC has adopted procedures to implement the firm’s policy and reviews to monitor and ensure the firm’s policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:

 

Voting Procedures

·All employees will forward any proxy materials received on behalf of clients to Jarrett Perez;
·Jarrett Perez will determine which client accounts hold the security to which the proxy relates;
·Absent material conflicts, Jarrett Perez will determine how Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC should vote the proxy in accordance with applicable voting guidelines, complete the proxy and vote the proxy in a timely and appropriate manner.

 

Disclosure

·Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will provide conspicuously displayed information in its Disclosure Document summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that clients may request information regarding how Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC voted a client’s proxies, and that clients may request a copy of these policies and procedures.
·Jarrett Perez will also send a copy of this summary to all existing clients who have previously received Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC’s Disclosure Document; or Jarrett Perez may send each client the amended Disclosure Document. Either mailing shall highlight the inclusion of information regarding proxy voting.

 

 

 

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Client Requests for Information

·All client requests for information regarding proxy votes, or policies and procedures, received by any employee should be forwarded to Jarrett Perez.
·In response to any request, Jarrett Perez will prepare a written response to the client with the information requested, and as applicable will include the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC voted the client’s proxy with respect to each proposal about which client inquired.

 

Voting Guidelines

·In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the client, Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will vote proxies in the best interests of each particular client. Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client absent qualifying restrictions from a client. Clients are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC voting authority in the same manner that they may place such restrictions on the actual selection of account securities.
· Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditor’s non-audit services.
·Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will generally vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights.
·In reviewing proposals, Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will further consider the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer’s business practices.

 

Conflicts of Interest

·Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the adviser and the client by reviewing the relationship of Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC with the issuer of each security to determine if Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC or any of its employees has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer.
·If a material conflict of interest exists, Jarrett Perez will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected clients, to give the clients an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation.
·Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest.

 

Recordkeeping

Jarrett Perez shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the SEC’s five-year retention requirement.

·These policies and procedures and any amendments;
·Each proxy statement that Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC receives;
· A record of each vote that Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC casts;
·Any document Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision including periodic reports to Jarrett Perez or proxy committee, if applicable.
·A copy of each written request from a client for information on how Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC voted such client’s proxies, and a copy of any written response.

 

 

 

 

55 
 

Northern Lights Fund Trust II

PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 28.

EXHIBITS.

 

(a)(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 26, 2010.3
(a)(2) Certificate of Trust as filed with the State of Delaware on August 26, 2010.3
(b) By-Laws, effective as of August 26, 2010. 3
(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders. See Article III, “Shares” and Article V “Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings” of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust. See also, Article II, “Meetings of Shareholders” of the Registrant’s By-Laws.
(d)(1) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC, with respect to Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund. 4
(d)(2) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Advisors Preferred, LLC, with respect to Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund. 6
(d)(3) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and North Star Investment Management Corp., with respect to the North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund. 85
(d)(4) Amended Appendix A to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and North Star Investment Management Corp., with respect to the North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund. 188
(d)(5) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Water Oak Advisors, LLC on behalf of WOA All Asset I and WOA US All Cap I. 152
(d)(6) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC, on behalf of the Al Frank Fund.180
(d)(7) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Linde Hansen & Co., LLC on behalf of the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund. 22
(d)(8) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Longboard Asset Management, LP on behalf of the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Longboard Alternative Growth Fund.177
(d)(9) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and KKM Financial, LLC on behalf of the Essential 40 Stock Fund (formerly, KKM Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund). 160
(d)(10) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Price Asset Management, LLC, with respect to PCS Commodity Strategy Fund. 134
(d)(11) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC on behalf of the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund. 155
(d)(12) Amended Appendix A to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC on behalf of the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund. 188
(d)(13) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Orchard Capital Management, LLC on behalf of the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund. 123
(d)(14) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and FormulaFolio Investments, LLC on behalf of the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio and the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 183
(d)(15) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Innealta Capital, LLC on behalf of the Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. 179
(d)(16) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Invenomic Capital Management, LP on behalf of the Invenomic Fund. 1
(d)(17) Sub-advisory Agreement between Advisors Preferred, LLC and Hundredfold Advisors LLC with respect to the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund and Hundredfold Select Equity Fund.9
(d)(18) Sub-advisory Agreement between Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC and S.W. Mitchell Capital, L.L.P. with respect to the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund. 147
(d)(19) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Advisors Series Trust, with respect to the Al Frank Fund and Al Frank Dividend Value Fund, each a separate series of Advisors Series Trust, the Registrant, on behalf of the Al Frank Fund and Al Frank Dividend Value Fund, each a separate series of the Registrant, and Al Frank Asset Management, Inc.  dated January 18, 2013.2
(d)(20) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among Professionally Managed Portfolios, with respect to the Balter Long/Short Equity Fund, a separate series of Professionally Managed Portfolios, the Registrant, on behalf of the Balter Long/Short Equity Fund, a separate series of the Registrant, and Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC dated June 24, 2015.108
(d)(21) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among S. W. Mitchell Small Cap European Fund L.P., Mitchell (general Partner II) Inc., Northern Lights Fund Trust II on behalf of its series the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund and Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC dated December 31, 2015. 2
(d)(22) Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated April 21, 2017 with respect to the reorganization of the Al Frank Dividend Value Fund into the Al Frank Fund. 154
(d)(23) Master Securities Loan Agreement between AFAM Capital, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., LLC and MS Securities Services, Inc.45
(e)(1) Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Lights Distributors LLC.187
(e)(2) Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant and Ceros Financial Services, Inc. on behalf of the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund and Hundredfold Select Equity Fund. 10
(f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts -   Not Applicable
(g)(1) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon. 4
(g)(2) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, N.A., on behalf of Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund and Hundredfold Select Equity Fund.5
(g)(3) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. 15
(g)(4) Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, N.A., on behalf of the Al Frank Fund.46
(g)(5) Addendum dated November 10, 2015 to the Custody Agreement dated May 26, 2015 between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, N.A., to add the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio and the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 118
(g)(6) Fourth Amendment, effective June 1, 2017, to the Custody Agreement dated May 26, 2015 between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, N.A., on behalf of the Balter L/S Small Cap Equity Fund, Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund, and Balter Invenomic Fund. 155
(h)(1) Master Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC dated May 17, 2011.137
(h)(2) Amendment dated July 13, 2016 to the Master Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC dated May 17, 2011. 137
(h)(3) Second Amendment dated June 1, 2018 to the Master Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC dated May 17, 2011.177
(h)(4) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund.4
(h)(5) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund and Hundredfold Select Equity Fund. 5
(h)(6) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund.85
(h)(7)

Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of WOA All

Asset I and WOA US All Cap Fund I. 157

(h)(8) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Al Frank Fund. 75
(h)(9) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund.22
(h)(10) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund. 35
(h)(11) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Essential 40 Stock Fund (formerly, KKM Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund). 76
(h)(12) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund. 85
(h)(13) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Longboard Alternative Growth Fund (formerly, Longboard Long/Short Fund). 94
(h)(14) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Balter L/S Small Cap Equity Fund, Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund and Balter Invenomic Fund. 156
(h)(15) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund. 123
(h)(16) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio and the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 118  
(h)(17) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Epsilon Sector-Balanced Fund. 159
(h)(18) Fund Services Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC, on behalf of the Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund, Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. 179
(h)(19) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund. 4
(h)(20) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund.85
(h)(21) Amended Appendix A to the Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund. 188
(h)(22) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to WOA All Asset I. 16
(h)(23) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Dynamic U.S.  Opportunity Fund and the Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. 179
(h)(24) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund.38
(h)(25) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Al Frank Fund.181
(h)(26) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Essential 40 Stock Fund (formerly, KKM Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund). 160
(h)(27) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund.134
(h)(28) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the, Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund.155
(h)(29) Amended Appendix A to the Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund. 188
(h)(30) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund. 123
(h)(31) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio and the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 183
(h)(32) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to WOA US All Cap I. 152
(h)(33) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Invenomic Fund.1
(h)(34) Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC.152
(h)(35) Shareholder Services Plan on behalf of the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund, Investor Class Shares.42
(h)(36) Shareholder Services Plan on behalf of the Invenomic Fund. 1
(h)(37) Shareholder Services Plan on behalf of the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund. 188
(i)(1) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund. 191
(i)(2) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund. 187
(i)(3) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund and the Dynamic International Opportunity Fund. 185
(i)(4) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund.184
(i)(5) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the WOA All Asset I. 192
(i)(6) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Longboard Alternative Growth Fund. 177
(i)(7) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund. 1
(i)(8) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Al Frank Fund.190
(i)(9) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Essential 40 Stock Fund (formerly, KKM Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund). 178
(i)(10) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund.180
(i)(11) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the, Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund, Balter Invenomic Fund and the Balter L/S Small Cap Equity Fund. 182
(i)(12) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund. 186
(i)(13) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 183
(i)(14) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio. 189
(i)(15) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the WOA US All Cap. 146
(i)(16) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. 179
(i)(17) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding the Balter Invenomic Fund. 188
(i)(18) Consent of Alston & Bird LLP.1
(j)(1) Consent of Cohen & Company, Ltd. with respect to the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund.1
(j)(2) Consent of Cohen & Company, Ltd with respect to Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund.191
(j)(3) Consent of RSM US LLP with respect to North Star Bond Fund, North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Dividend Fund.183
(j)(4) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker, LLP with respect to WOA All Asset I.192
(j)(5) Consent of BBD, LLP with respect to the Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund and the Dynamic International Opportunity Fund. 185
(j)(6) Consent of BBD, LLP with respect to the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund.184
(j)(7) Consent of Ernst & Young LLP with respect to Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund and Hundredfold Select Equity Fund. 28
(j)(8) Consent of RSM US LLP with respect to the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund and Longboard Alternative Growth Fund.177
(j)(9) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker LLP with respect to the Al Frank Fund and Al Frank Dividend Value Fund.49
(j)(10) Consent of BBD, LLP with respect to the Al Frank Fund.190
(j)(11) Consent of RSM US LLP with respect to the Essential 40 Stock Fund (formerly, KKM Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund). 178
(j)(12) Consent of RSM US LLP with respect to the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund. 180
(j)(13) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker LLP with respect to the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund, Balter Invenomic Fund and the Balter L/S Small Cap Equity Fund. 182
(j)(14) Consent of BBD LLP with respect to the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund. 186
(j)(15) Consent of Cohen & Company, Ltd. with respect to the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund. 183
(j)(16) Consent of Cohen & Company, Ltd. with respect to the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio. 189
(j)(17) Consent of Grant Thornton with respect to the schedule of investments for the S.W. Mitchell Small Cap European Fund L.P.119
(j)(18) Consent of BDO with respect to the Tiburon Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd for the period ended December 31, 2014. 120
(j)(19) Consent of BDO with respect to the Tiburon Credit Opportunities Master Fund, Ltd for the period ended December 31, 2013. 120
(j)(20) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker, LLP with respect to WOA US All Cap. 146
(j)(21) Consent of BBD, LLP with respect to the Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. 179
(j)(22) Consent of Tait, Weller & Baker LLP with respect to the Balter Invenomic Fund. 188
(j)(23) Power of Attorney. 155
(k) Omitted Financial Statements - Not Applicable.
(l) Initial Capital Agreements - Not Applicable.
(m)(1) Class A Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 154
(m)(2) Class C Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 154
(m)(3) Class I Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 156
(m)(4) Class N Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 179
(m)(5) Class R Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 154
(m)(6) Investor Class Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 156
(m)(7) Service Class Master Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1. 46
(m)(8) Shareholder Servicing Plan and Agreement on behalf of the Balter L/S Small Cap Equity Fund (formerly the Balter Long/Short Equity Fund), Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund and Balter Invenomic Fund.155
  (n) Rule 18f-3 Plan, as amended July 24, 2018.179
(p)(1) Code of Ethics of Northern Lights Distributors, LLC.4
(p)(2) Code of Ethics of Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC.4
(p)(3) Code of Ethics of Advisors Preferred LLC.4
(p)(4) Code of Ethics for Hundredfold Advisors, LLC. 5
(p)(5) Code of Ethics for North Star Investment Management Corp.7
(p)(6) Code of Ethics for Water Oak Advisors LLC. 9
(p)(7) Code of Ethics for Linde Hansen & Co., LLC. 16
(p)(8) Code of Ethics for Longboard Asset Management, LP. 115
(p)(9) Code of Ethics for Ceros Financial Services, Inc.42
(p)(10) Code of Ethics for KKM Financial, LLC. 74
(p)(11) Code of Ethics for Price Asset Management, LLC 81
(p)(12) Code of Ethics for Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC and Invenomic Capital Management, LP. 155
(p)(13) Code of Ethics for Orchard Capital Management, LLC. 116
(p)(14) Code of Ethics for FormulaFolio Investments, LLC. 116
(p)(15) Code of Ethics for S.W. Mitchell Capital, L.L.P. 116
(p)(16) Code of Ethics for Innealta Capital, LLC. 172
(p)(17) Code of Ethics for Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC 180

[1] Is filed herewith.

2 To be filed by subsequent amendment.

3 Previously filed on June 16, 2011 in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, and hereby incorporated by reference.

4 Previously filed on June 28, 2011 in the Registrant's Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2, and hereby incorporated by reference.

5 Previously filed on August 3, 2011 in the Registrant's Proxy/Registration Statement on Form N-14, and hereby incorporated by reference.

6 Previously filed on August 3, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 2, and hereby incorporated by reference.

7 Previously filed on August 19, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 3, and hereby incorporated by reference.

8 Previously filed on August 26, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 4, and hereby incorporated by reference.

9 Previously filed on September 20, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 5, and hereby incorporated by reference.

10 Previously filed on October 3, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 9, and hereby incorporated by reference.

11 Previously filed on October 27, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 12, and hereby incorporated by reference.

12 Previously filed on October 27, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 13, and hereby incorporated by reference.

13 Previously filed on November 2, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 14, and hereby incorporated by reference.

14Previously filed on November 17, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 and hereby incorporated by reference.

15Previously filed on November 22, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 and hereby incorporated by reference.

16Previously filed on December 14, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 and hereby incorporated by reference.

17 Previously filed on December 19, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 and hereby incorporated by reference.

18Previously filed on December 20, 2011 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 and hereby incorporated by reference.

19Previously filed on January 4, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 and hereby incorporated by reference.

20Previously filed on January 10, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 and hereby incorporated by reference.

21Previously filed on January 10, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 and hereby incorporated by reference.

22Previously filed on January 27, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 and hereby incorporated by reference.

23Previously filed on February 2, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 and hereby incorporated by reference.

24Previously filed on February 7, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 and hereby incorporated by reference.

25Previously filed on February 10, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 and hereby incorporated by reference.

26Previously filed on March 8, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 and hereby incorporated by reference.

27Previously filed on March 9, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 and hereby incorporated by reference.

28Previously filed on March 13, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 and hereby incorporated by reference.

29Previously filed on March 23, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 and hereby incorporated by reference.

30Previously filed on March 27, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 and hereby incorporated by reference.

31Previously filed on April 12, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 and hereby incorporated by reference.

32Previously filed on April 17, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 and hereby incorporated by reference.

33Previously filed on May 15, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 and hereby incorporated by reference.

34Previously filed on May 25, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 and hereby incorporated by reference.

35Previously filed on June 19, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 and hereby incorporated by reference.

36Previously filed on June 28, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 and hereby incorporated by reference.

37Previously filed on July 27, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 and hereby incorporated by reference.

38Previously filed on August 17, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 75 and hereby incorporated by reference.

39Previously filed on September 20, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 and hereby incorporated by reference.

40Previously filed on October 19, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 and hereby incorporated by reference.

41Previously filed on November 9, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 and hereby incorporated by reference.

42Previously filed on December 28, 2012 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 88 and hereby incorporated by reference.

43Previously filed on January 17, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 and hereby incorporated by reference.

44Previously filed on January 30, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 92 and hereby incorporated by reference.

45Previously filed on February 1, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 and hereby incorporated by reference.

46Previously filed on March 22, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 and hereby incorporated by reference.

47Previously filed on March 28, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 and hereby incorporated by reference.

48Previously filed on April 17, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 and hereby incorporated by reference.

49Previously filed on April 30, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 101 and hereby incorporated by reference.

50Previously filed on June 7, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 103 and hereby incorporated by reference.

51Previously filed on June 25, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 and hereby incorporated by reference.

52Previously filed on July 29, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 and hereby incorporated by reference.

53Previously filed on September 3, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 and hereby incorporated by reference.

54Previously filed on September 19, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 115 and hereby incorporated by reference.

55Previously filed on September 26, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 and hereby incorporated by reference.

56Previously filed on September 30, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 118 and hereby incorporated by reference.

57Previously filed on November 18, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 and hereby incorporated by reference.

58Previously filed on December 17, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 and hereby incorporated by reference.

59Previously filed on December 27, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 127 and hereby incorporated by reference.

60Previously filed on December 27, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 and hereby incorporated by reference.

61Previously filed on December 30, 2013 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 131 and hereby incorporated by reference.

62Previously filed on January 13, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 and hereby incorporated by reference.

63Previously filed on January 13, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 and hereby incorporated by reference.

64Previously filed on March 14, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 and hereby incorporated by reference

65Previously filed on March 26, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 and hereby incorporated by reference.

66Previously filed on March 26, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 and hereby incorporated by reference.

67Previously filed on March 27, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 143 and hereby incorporated by reference

68Previously filed on March 27, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 and hereby incorporated by reference

69Previously filed on March 27, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 and hereby incorporated by reference

70Previously filed on March 28, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 and hereby incorporated by reference.

71Previously filed on March 28, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 147 and hereby incorporated by reference.

72Previously filed on April 30, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 149 and hereby incorporated by reference.

73Previously filed on April 30, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 150 and hereby incorporated by reference.

74Previously filed on May 30, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 155 and hereby incorporated by reference.

75Previously filed on June 20, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 and hereby incorporated by reference.

76Previously filed on June 25, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 and hereby incorporated by reference.

77Previously filed on June 27, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 and hereby incorporated by reference.

78Previously filed on June 27, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 and hereby incorporated by reference.

79Previously filed on July 8, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 163 and hereby incorporated by reference.

80Previously filed on July 24, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 and hereby incorporated by reference.

81Previously filed on September 3, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 170 and hereby incorporated by reference.

82Previously filed on September 24, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 175 and hereby incorporated by reference.

83Previously filed on September 24, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 176 and hereby incorporated by reference.

84Previously filed on September 25, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 177 and hereby incorporated by reference.

85Previously filed on September 26, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 178 and hereby incorporated by reference.

86Previously filed on November 21, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 189 and hereby incorporated by reference.

87Previously filed on December 4, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 190 and hereby incorporated by reference.

88Previously filed on December 23, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 and hereby incorporated by reference.

89Previously filed on December 29, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 192 and hereby incorporated by reference.

90Previously filed on December 30, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 197 and hereby incorporated by reference.

91Previously filed on December 31, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 200 and hereby incorporated by reference.

92Previously filed on December 31, 2014 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 201 and hereby incorporated by reference.

93Previously filed on January 27, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 and hereby incorporated by reference.

94Previously filed on March 16, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 209 and hereby incorporated by reference.

95Previously filed on March 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 210 and hereby incorporated by reference.

96Previously filed on March 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 211 and hereby incorporated by reference.

97Previously filed on March 24, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 and hereby incorporated by reference.

98Previously filed on March 25, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 213 and hereby incorporated by reference.

99Previously filed on March 27, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 214 and hereby incorporated by reference.

100Previously filed on March 30, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 215 and hereby incorporated by reference.

101Previously filed on April 29, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 225 and hereby incorporated by reference.

102Previously filed on April 29, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 and hereby incorporated by reference.

103Previously filed on April 29, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 227 and hereby incorporated by reference.

104Previously filed on May 26, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 233 and hereby incorporated by reference.

105Previously filed on June 26, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 234 and hereby incorporated by reference.

106Previously filed on June 29, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 and hereby incorporated by reference.

107Previously filed on July 14, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 and hereby incorporated by reference.

108Previously filed on July 24, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 240 and hereby incorporated by reference.

109Previously filed on July 28, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 and hereby incorporated by reference.

110Previously filed on September 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 and hereby incorporated by reference.

111Previously filed on September 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 and hereby incorporated by reference.

112Previously filed on September 24, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 253 and hereby incorporated by reference.

113Previously filed on September 25, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 and hereby incorporated by reference.

114Previously filed on September 25, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 255 and hereby incorporated by reference.

115Previously filed on September 28, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 and hereby incorporated by reference.

116Previously filed on October 14, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 262 and hereby incorporated by reference.

117Previously filed on November 19, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 and hereby incorporated by reference.

118Previously filed on November 19, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 and hereby incorporated by reference.

119Previously filed on December 21, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 280 and hereby incorporated by reference.

120Previously filed on December 21, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 and hereby incorporated by reference.

121Previously filed on December 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 282 and hereby incorporated by reference.

122Previously filed on December 23, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 283 and hereby incorporated by reference.

123Previously filed on December 28, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 284 and hereby incorporated by reference.

124Previously filed on December 29, 2015 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 285 and hereby incorporated by reference.

125Previously filed on January 29, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 290 and hereby incorporated by reference.

126Previously filed on February 26, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 293 and hereby incorporated by reference.

127Previously filed on February 26, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 294 and hereby incorporated by reference.

128Previously filed on March 17, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 and hereby incorporated by reference.

129Previously filed on March 18, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 298 and hereby incorporated by reference.

130Previously filed on March 22, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 299 and hereby incorporated by reference.

131Previously filed on March 23, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 300 and hereby incorporated by reference.

132Previously filed on March 28, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 301 and hereby incorporated by reference.

133Previously filed on March 28, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 301 and hereby incorporated by reference.

134Previously filed on April 22, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 308 and hereby incorporated by reference.

135Previously filed on June 26, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 312 and hereby incorporated by reference.

136Previously filed on July 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 313 and hereby incorporated by reference.

137Previously filed on September 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 315 and hereby incorporated by reference.

138Previously filed on September 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 316 and hereby incorporated by reference.

139Previously filed on September 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 317 and hereby incorporated by reference.

140Previously filed on September 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 318 and hereby incorporated by reference.

141Previously filed on December 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 324 and hereby incorporated by reference.

142Previously filed on December 27, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 325 and hereby incorporated by reference.

143Previously filed on December 28, 2016 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 326 and hereby incorporated by reference.

144Previously filed on February 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 331 and hereby incorporated by reference.

145Previously filed on February 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 332 and hereby incorporated by reference.

146Previously filed on March 1, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 333 and hereby incorporated by reference.

147Previously filed on March 3, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 334 and hereby incorporated by reference.

148Previously filed on March 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 337 and hereby incorporated by reference.

149Previously filed on March 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 338 and hereby incorporated by reference.

150Previously filed on March 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 339 and hereby incorporated by reference.

151Previously filed on March 29, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 340 and hereby incorporated by reference.

152Previously filed on March 29, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 341 and hereby incorporated by reference.

153Previously filed on April 13, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 347 and hereby incorporated by reference.

154Previously filed on April 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 348 and hereby incorporated by reference.

155Previously filed on May 17, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 351 and hereby incorporated by reference.

156Previously filed on June 16, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 353 and hereby incorporated by reference.

157Previously filed on June 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 354 and hereby incorporated by reference.

158Previously filed on July 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 356 and hereby incorporated by reference.

159Previously filed on August 25, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 358 and hereby incorporated by reference.

1609Previously filed on September 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 361 and hereby incorporated by reference

161Previously filed on September 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 362 and hereby incorporated by reference.

162Previously filed on November 22, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 367 and hereby incorporated by reference.

163Previously filed on December 4, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 370 and hereby incorporated by reference.

164Previously filed on December 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 372 and hereby incorporated by reference.

165Previously filed on December 27, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 373 and hereby incorporated by reference.

166Previously filed on December 28, 2017 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 374 and hereby incorporated by reference.

167Previously filed on February 23, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 379 and hereby incorporated by reference.

168Previously filed on March 26, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 381 and hereby incorporated by reference.

169Previously filed on March 26, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 382 and hereby incorporated by reference.

170Previously filed on March 27, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 383 and hereby incorporated by reference.

171Previously filed on March 28, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 384 and hereby incorporated by reference.

172Previously filed on March 29, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 385 and hereby incorporated by reference.

173Previously filed on April 18, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 391 and hereby incorporated by reference.

174Previously filed on April 27, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 394 and hereby incorporated by reference.

175Previously filed on June 27, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 395 and hereby incorporated by reference.

176Previously filed on July 27, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 397 and hereby incorporated by reference.

177Previously filed on September 25, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 400 and hereby incorporated by reference.

178Previously filed on September 26, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 401 and hereby incorporated by reference.

179Previously filed on October 31, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 404 and hereby incorporated by reference.

180Previously filed on December 28, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 405 and hereby incorporated by reference.

181Previously filed on December 28, 2018 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 406 and hereby incorporated by reference.

182Previously filed on February 27, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 411 and hereby incorporated by reference.

183Previously filed on March 26, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 413 and hereby incorporated by reference.

184Previously filed on March 26, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 414 and hereby incorporated by reference.

185Previously filed on March 27, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 415 and hereby incorporated by reference.

186Previously filed on March 28, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 416 and hereby incorporated by reference.

187Previously filed on March 29, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 417 and hereby incorporated by reference.

188Previously filed on April 5, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 422 and hereby incorporated by reference.

189Previously filed on April 26, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 428 and hereby incorporated by reference.

190Previously filed on April 29, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 429 and hereby incorporated by reference.

191Previously filed on May 3, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 429 and hereby incorporated by reference.

192Previously filed on June 28, 2019 in the Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 435 and hereby incorporated by reference.

 

 

ITEM 29.

PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT.

 

None.

 

 

ITEM 30.

INDEMNIFICATION.

 

Article VIII, Section 2(a) of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that to the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Trustees and officers are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act of 2002, the officers and Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of:  any agent or employee of the Trust; any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust; or with respect to each Trustee and officer, the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer, respectively.  The Trust, out of the Trust Property, is required to indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officer’s or Trustee’s performance of his or her duties as an officer or Trustee of the Trust.  This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a Trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted.  Nothing contained in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust indemnifies holds harmless or protects any officer or Trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

 

Article VIII, Section 2(b) provides that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or document whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust, the officers or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in such Person’s capacity as Trustee and/or as officer, and such Trustee or officer, as applicable, shall not be personally liable therefore, except as described in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 2 of Article VIII.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions of Delaware law and the Agreement and Declaration of the Registrant or the By-Laws of the Registrant, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

ITEM 31.

BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.

  

Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of each Advisor of each series of the Trust is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the respective Prospectus captioned “Investment Advisor” and to the section of the respective Statement of Additional Information captioned “Investment Advisory and Other Services.”  The information required by this Item 31 with respect to each director, officer or partner of each Advisor is incorporated by reference to the Advisor’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  Each Advisor’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov, and may be requested by File No. as follows:

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC, adviser to the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund -- File No. 801-72390.

Advisors Preferred, LLC, adviser to the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund – File No. 801-72430.

 

North Star Investment Management Corp., adviser to the North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund – File No. 801-62013.

 

Water Oak Advisors, LLC, adviser to the WOA All Asset I and WOA US All Cap I – File No. 801-66872.

 

Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC, adviser to the Al Frank Fund – File No. 801-107054.

 

Innealta Capital, LLC, adviser to the Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund, Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund. – File No. 801-112421

 

Longboard Asset Management, LP, adviser to the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy and Longboard Alternative Growth Fund – File No. 801-72623.

 

KKM Financial, LLC, adviser to the Essential 40 Stock Fund – File No. 801-77094.

 

Price Asset Management, LLC, adviser to the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund – File No. 801-77076.

 

Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC, adviser to the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund – File No. 801-78740.

 

Orchard Capital Management, LLC, adviser to the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund – File No. 801-106488.

 

FormulaFolio Investments, LLC, adviser to the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund and the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio – File No. 801-72780.

 

Invenomic Capital Management, LP adviser to the Invenomic Fund – File No. 801-110459

 

ITEM 32.

PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER.  

 

(a)

Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (“NLD”), is the principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II except Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund. NLD also acts as principal underwriter for the following:  

 

Advisor One Funds, Arrow DWA Tactical ETF, Arrow QVM Equity Factor ETF, Arrow Reserve Capital Management ETF, Arrow Dogs of the World ETF, Arrow DWA Country Rotation ETF, Arrow ETF Trust, Boyar Value Fund Inc., Centerstone Investors Trust, Copeland Trust, Equinox Funds Trust, Miller Investment Trust, Mutual Fund and Variable Insurance Trust, Mutual Fund Series Trust, North Country Funds, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Northern Lights Fund Trust II, Northern Lights Fund Trust III, Northern Lights Fund Trust IV, Northern Lights Variable Trust, OCM Mutual Fund, PREDEX, Princeton Private Investment Access Fund, The Saratoga Advantage Trust, Tributary Funds, Inc. and Two Roads Shared Trust.

 

 

(b)

NLD is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.  The principal business address of NLD is 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130.  NLD is an affiliate of Gemini Fund Services, LLC. To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the following are the officers of NLD:

  

Name

Positions and Offices

with Underwriter

Positions and Offices

with the Fund

William J. Strait President and General Counsel None
Daniel Applegarth Treasurer/FINOP None
Janelle Hardy Vice President of Compliance None
Mike Nielsen Chief Compliance Officer and AML Compliance Officer None
Kevin Wolf Manager President of Northern Lights Fund Trust II
David Young Manager None
Mike Wagner Manager None

 

(c) Not Applicable.

 

 

 

ITEM 33.

LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.

 

The following entities prepare, maintain and preserve the records required by Section 31 (a) of the 1940 Act for the Registrant.  These services are provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.

 

Bank of New York Mellon (“BNYM”), One Wall Street, New York, NY 10286, provides custodian services to the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BNYM and the Trust.  

 

U.S. Bank, National Association (“U.S. Bank”), 1555 North River Center Drive, Milwaukee, WI 53212, provides custodian services to the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund, Al Frank Fund, Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund, Invenomic Fund, FormulaFolios US Equity Fund, FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio, pursuant to a Custody Agreement between U.S. Bank and the Trust.

 

MUFG Union Bank, National Association (“Union Bank”), 400 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, provides custodian services to the North Star Opportunity Fund, WOA All Asset I, Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund, Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund, Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund, Longboard Alternative Growth Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund, North Star Bond Fund, PCS Commodity Strategy Fund, Orchard Small Cap Value Fund, Essential 40 Stock Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Union Bank and the Trust.

 

Gemini Fund Services, LLC (“GFS”), located at 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, provides transfer agent and dividend disbursing services pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreements between GFS and the Trust.  In such capacities, GFS provides pricing for each Fund’s portfolio securities, keeps records regarding securities and other assets in custody and in transfer, bank statements, canceled checks, financial books and records, and keeps records of each shareholder’s account and all disbursement made to shareholders.  GFS also maintains all records required pursuant to Administrative Service Agreements with the Trust.  

 

NLD located at 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, serves as principal underwriter for all series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II, except the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund. NLD maintains all records required to be maintained pursuant to each Fund’s Distribution Plan and Agreement adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.  

Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (“NLCS”), located at 17645 Wright Street, Suite 200, Omaha, NE 68130, provides CCO and compliance services to each Fund of the Trust.  

 

Two Oaks Investment Management, LLC, located at 7110 North Fresno Street, Suite 450, Fresno CA, 93720 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund.

 

Advisors Preferred, LLC located at 1445 Research Blvd, Suite 530, Rockville, MD 20850 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Hundredfold Select Alternative Fund.

 

North Star Investment Management Corp. located at 20 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 1416, Chicago, IL 60606 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the North Star Opportunity Fund, North Star Dividend Fund, North Star Micro Cap Fund and North Star Bond Fund.

 

Water Oak Advisors LLC located at 145 Lincoln Avenue, Suite A, Winter Park, FL 32789 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the WOA All Asset I and WOA US All Cap I.

 

Kovitz Investment Group Partners, LLC located at 115 South LaSalle Street, 27th Floor, Chicago, IL 60603 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Al Frank Fund.

 

Innealta Capital, LLC located at 13215 Bee Cave Parkway, Building A, Suite 240, Austin, TX 78738

pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Dynamic U.S. Opportunity Fund, Dynamic International Opportunity Fund, Acclivity Mid Cap Multi-Style Fund, Acclivity Small Cap Growth Fund and the Acclivity Small Cap Value Fund.

 

Linde Hansen & Co., LLC located at 25B Vreeland Road, Suite 102, Florham Park, NJ, 07932 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Linde Hansen Contrarian Value Fund.

 

Longboard Asset Management, LP located at 2355 E. Camelback Road, Suite 750, Phoenix, AZ 85016 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Longboard Managed Futures Strategy Fund and the Longboard Alternative Growth Fund.

 

KKM Financial, LLC, located at 311 South Wacker Drive, Suite 650, Chicago, IL 60606 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Essential 40 Stock Fund.

 

Price Asset Management, LLC, located at 141 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 1320A, Chicago, IL 60604 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the PCS Commodity Strategy Fund.

 

Balter Liquid Alternatives, LLC, located at 125 High Street, Oliver Street Tower, Suite 802, Boston, MA 02110 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Balter European L/S Small Cap Fund.

 

Orchard Capital Management, LLC 400 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 560, Chicago, IL 60611 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Orchard Small Cap Value Fund.

 

FormulaFolio Investments, LLC located at 89 Ionia SW, Suite 600, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the FormulaFolios US Equity Fund and the FormulaFolios US Equity Portfolio.

 

Invenomic Capital Management, LP, located at 211 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02110 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Invenomic Fund

 

 

ITEM 34.

MANAGEMENT SERVICES.

Not applicable.  

 

 

ITEM 35.

UNDERTAKINGS.

See Item 30 above, second paragraph.

 

One or more of the Registrant’s series may invest up to 25% of its respective total assets in a wholly-owned and controlled subsidiary (each a “Subsidiary” and collectively the “Subsidiaries”).  Each Subsidiary will operate under the supervision of the Registrant.  The Registrant hereby undertakes that the Subsidiaries will submit to inspection by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Signatures

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto authorized, in the City of Hauppauge, State of New York, on July 26, 2019.

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

 

By: __________________________

      Kevin Wolf*     

President and Principal Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

Signature Title Date
     
Brian Nielsen*

_________________________

Trustee & Chairman

July 26, 2019
Thomas Sarkany*

_________________________

Trustee

July 26, 2019
Anthony Lewis*

_________________________

Trustee

July 26, 2019
Keith Rhoades*

_________________________

Trustee

July 26, 2019
Randy Skalla*

_________________________

Trustee

July 26, 2019
Kevin Wolf*

_________________________

President and Principal Executive Officer

July 26, 2019
Erik Naviloff*

_________________________

Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer

July 26, 2019

 

 

*By:   /s/Allyson Stewart

Allyson Stewart

 

*Attorney-in-Fact – pursuant to powers of attorney incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 351 (filed on May 17, 2017) in the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

99.28(d)(16) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Invenomic Capital Management, LP on behalf of the Invenomic Fund
99.28(h)(33) Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Invenomic Fund
99.28(h)(36) Shareholder Services Plan on behalf of the Invenomic Fund
99.28(i)(7) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund
99.28(i)(18) Consent of Alston & Bird LLP
99.28(j)(1) Consent of Cohen & Company, Ltd. with respect to the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund

 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

Between

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

and

INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP

 

AGREEMENT, made as of July 1, 2019 between NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), and INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Adviser"), located at 211 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02110.

 

RECITALS:

 

WHEREAS, the Trust is an open-end management investment company and is registered as such under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Act");

 

WHEREAS, the Trust is authorized to issue shares of beneficial interest in separate series, each having its own investment objective or objectives, policies and limitations;

 

WHEREAS, the Trust offers shares in the series named on Appendix A hereto (such series, together with all other series subsequently established by the Trust and made subject to this Agreement in accordance with Section 1.3, being herein referred to as a "Fund," and collectively as the "Funds");

 

WHEREAS, the Adviser is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940; and

 

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to retain the Adviser to render investment advisory services to the Trust with respect to each Fund in the manner and on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

1. Services of the Adviser.

 

1.1 Investment Advisory Services. The Adviser shall act as the investment adviser to each Fund and, as such, shall (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities hereunder, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of each Fund in a manner consistent with its investment objective(s), policies and restrictions, and (iii) have discretionary authority to determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by each Fund, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission than may be charged by other brokers.

 

 
 

The Trust hereby authorizes any entity or person associated with the Adviser or any sub-adviser retained by the Adviser pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement, which is a member of a national securities exchange, to effect any transaction on the exchange for the account of the Trust which is permitted by Section 11(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder, and the Trust hereby consents to the retention of compensation for such transactions in accordance with Rule 11a2-2(T)(a)(2)(iv).

 

The Adviser shall carry out its duties with respect to each Fund's investments in accordance with applicable law and the investment objectives, policies and restrictions set forth in each Fund's then-current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser.

 

1.2 Administrative Services. The Trust has engaged the services of an administrator. The Adviser shall provide such additional administrative services as reasonably requested by the Board of Trustees or officers of the Trust; provided, that the Adviser shall not have any obligation to provide under this Agreement any direct or indirect services to Trust shareholders, any services related to the distribution of Trust shares, or any other services which are the subject of a separate agreement or arrangement between the Trust and the Adviser. Subject to the foregoing, in providing administrative services hereunder, the Adviser shall:

 

1.2.1 Office Space, Equipment and Facilities. Provide such office space, office equipment and office facilities as are adequate to fulfill the Adviser’s obligations hereunder.

 

1.2.2 Personnel. Provide, without remuneration from or other cost to the Trust, the services of individuals competent to perform the administrative functions which are not performed by employees or other agents engaged by the Trust or by the Adviser acting in some other capacity pursuant to a separate agreement or arrangement with the Trust.

 

1.2.3 Agents. Assist the Trust in selecting and coordinating the activities of the other agents engaged by the Trust, including the Trust's shareholder servicing agent, custodian, administrator, independent auditors and legal counsel.

 

1.2.4 Trustees and Officers. Authorize and permit the Adviser's directors, officers and employees who may be elected or appointed as Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in such capacities, without remuneration from or other cost to the Trust.

 

1.2.5 Books and Records. Assure that all financial, accounting and other records required to be maintained and preserved by the Adviser on behalf of the Trust are maintained and preserved by it in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

 

1.2.6 Reports and Filings. Assist in the preparation of (but not pay for) all periodic reports by the Fund to its shareholders and all reports and filings required to maintain the registration and qualification of the Funds and Fund shares, or to meet other regulatory or tax requirements applicable to the Fund, under federal and state securities and tax laws.

 

1.3 Additional Series. In the event that the Trust establishes one or more series after the effectiveness of this Agreement ("Additional Series"), Appendix A to this Agreement may be amended to make such Additional Series subject to this Agreement upon the approval of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and the shareholder(s) of the Additional Series, in accordance with the provisions of the Act. The Trust or the Adviser may elect not to make any such series subject to this Agreement.

 
 

 

1.4 Change in Management or Control. The Adviser shall provide at least sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Trust of any change in the ownership or management of the Adviser, or any event or action that may constitute a change in “control,” as that term is defined in Section 2 of the Act. The Adviser shall provide prompt notice of any change in the portfolio manager(s) responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds.

 

2. Expenses of the Funds.

 

2.1 Expenses to be Paid by Adviser. The Adviser shall pay all salaries, expenses and fees of the officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors, members or employees of the Adviser.

 

In the event that the Adviser pays or assumes any expenses of the Trust not required to be paid or assumed by the Adviser under this Agreement, the Adviser shall not be obligated hereby to pay or assume the same or any similar expense in the future; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be deemed to relieve the Adviser of any obligation to the Funds under any separate agreement or arrangement between the parties.

 

2.2 Expenses to be Paid by the Fund. Each Fund shall bear all expenses of its operation, except those specifically allocated to the Adviser under this Agreement or under any separate agreement between the Trust and the Adviser. Subject to any separate agreement or arrangement between the Trust and the Adviser, the expenses hereby allocated to the Fund, and not to the Adviser, include but are not limited to:

 

2.2.1 Custody. All charges of depositories, custodians, and other agents for the transfer, receipt, safekeeping, and servicing of the Fund's cash, securities, and other property.

 

2.2.2 Shareholder Servicing. All expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including but not limited to the charges of any shareholder servicing agent, dividend disbursing agent, transfer agent or other agent engaged by the Trust to service shareholder accounts.

 

2.2.3 Shareholder Reports. All expenses of preparing, setting in type, printing and distributing reports and other communications to shareholders.

 

2.2.4 Prospectuses. All expenses of preparing, converting to EDGAR format, filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other appropriate regulatory body, setting in type, printing and mailing annual or more frequent revisions of the Fund's Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information and any supplements thereto and of supplying them to shareholders.

 

2.2.5 Pricing and Portfolio Valuation. All expenses of computing the Fund's net asset value per share, including any equipment or services obtained for the purpose of pricing shares or valuing the Fund's investment portfolio.

 

2.2.6 Communications. All charges for equipment or services used for communications between the Adviser or the Trust and any custodian, shareholder servicing agent, portfolio accounting services agent, or other agent engaged by the Trust.

 

2.2.7 Legal and Accounting Fees. All charges for services and expenses of the Trust's legal counsel and independent accountants.

 

 
 

2.2.8 Trustees' Fees and Expenses. All compensation of Trustees other than those affiliated with the Adviser, all expenses incurred in connection with such unaffiliated Trustees' services as Trustees, and all other expenses of meetings of the Trustees and committees of the Trustees.

 

2.2.9 Shareholder Meetings. All expenses incidental to holding meetings of shareholders, including the printing of notices and proxy materials, and proxy solicitations therefor.

 

2.2.10 Federal Registration Fees. All fees and expenses of registering and maintaining the registration of the Fund under the Act and the registration of the Fund's shares under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act"), including all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, converting to EDGAR format, setting in type, printing, and filing of any Registration Statement, Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information under the 1933 Act or the Act, and any amendments or supplements that may be made from time to time.

 

2.2.11 State Registration Fees. All fees and expenses of taking required action to permit the offer and sale of the Fund's shares under securities laws of various states or jurisdictions, and of registration and qualification of the Fund under all other laws applicable to the Trust or its business activities (including registering the Trust as a broker-dealer, or any officer of the Trust or any person as agent or salesperson of the Trust in any state).

 

2.2.12 Confirmations. All expenses incurred in connection with the issue and transfer of Fund shares, including the expenses of confirming all share transactions.

 

2.2.13 Bonding and Insurance. All expenses of bond, liability, and other insurance coverage required by law or regulation or deemed advisable by the Trustees of the Trust, including, without limitation, such bond, liability and other insurance expenses that may from time to time be allocated to the Fund in a manner approved by its Trustees.

 

2.2.14 Brokerage Commissions. All brokers' commissions and other charges incident to the purchase, sale or lending of the Fund's portfolio securities.

 

2.2.15 Taxes. All taxes or governmental fees payable by or with respect to the Fund to federal, state or other governmental agencies, domestic or foreign, including stamp or other transfer taxes.

 

2.2.16 Trade Association Fees. All fees, dues and other expenses incurred in connection with the Trust's membership in any trade association or other investment organization.

 

2.2.18 Compliance Fees. All charges for services and expenses of the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer.

 

2.2.19 Nonrecurring and Extraordinary Expenses. Such nonrecurring and extraordinary expenses as may arise including the costs of actions, suits, or proceedings to which the Trust is a party and the expenses the Trust may incur as a result of its legal obligation to provide indemnification to its officers, Trustees and agents.

 

3. Advisory Fee.

 

As compensation for all services rendered, facilities provided and expenses paid or assumed by the Adviser under this Agreement, each Fund shall pay the Adviser on the last day of each month, a fee calculated by applying a monthly rate, based on an annual percentage rate, to the

 
 

Fund's average daily net assets for the month. The annual percentage rate applicable to each Fund is set forth in Appendix A to this Agreement, as it may be amended from time to time in accordance with Section 1.3 of this Agreement. If this Agreement shall be effective for only a portion of a month with respect to a Fund, the aforesaid fee shall be prorated for the portion of such month during which this Agreement is in effect for the Fund.

 

4. Proxy Voting.

 

The Adviser will vote, or make arrangements to have voted, all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which assets of a Fund may be invested from time to time. Such proxies will be voted in a manner that Adviser or its delegee deems, in good faith, to be in the best interest of the Fund and in accordance with Adviser’s or its delegee’s proxy voting policy. The Adviser agrees to provide a copy of its proxy voting policy to the Trust prior to the execution of this Agreement, and any amendments thereto promptly.

 

5. Records.

 

5.1 Tax Treatment. The Trust shall maintain, or arrange for others to maintain, the books and records of the Trust in such a manner that treats each Fund as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes.

 

5.2 Ownership. All records required to be maintained and preserved by the Trust pursuant to the provisions or rules or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 31(a) of the Act and maintained and preserved by the Adviser on behalf of the Trust are the property of the Trust and shall be surrendered by the Adviser promptly on request by the Trust; provided, that the Adviser may at its own expense make and retain copies of any such records.

 

6. Reports to Adviser.

 

The Trust shall furnish or otherwise make available to the Adviser such copies of each Fund's Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information, financial statements, proxy statements, reports and other information relating to its business and affairs as the Adviser may, at any time or from time to time, reasonably require or request in order to discharge its obligations under this Agreement.

 

7. Reports to the Trust.

 

The Adviser shall prepare and furnish to the Trust such reports, statistical data and other information in such form and at such intervals as the Trust may reasonably request.

 

8. Code of Ethics.

 

The Adviser has adopted a written code of ethics complying with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the Act and will provide the Trust with a copy of the code and evidence of its adoption. Within 45 days of the last calendar quarter of each year while this Agreement is in effect, the Adviser will provide to the Board of Trustees of the Trust a written report that describes any issues arising under the code of ethics since the last report to the Board of Trustees, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the code and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations; and which certifies that the Adviser has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent "access persons" (as that term is defined in Rule 17j-1) from violating the code.

 
 

 

9. Retention of Sub-Adviser.

 

Subject to the Trust's obtaining the initial and periodic approvals required under Section 15 of the Act, the Adviser may retain one or more sub-advisers, at the Adviser's own cost and expense, for the purpose of managing the investments of the assets of one or more Funds of the Trust. Retention of one or more sub-advisers shall in no way reduce the responsibilities or obligations of the Adviser under this Agreement and the Adviser shall, subject to Section 11 of this Agreement, be responsible to the Trust for all acts or omissions of any sub-adviser in connection with the performance of the Adviser’s duties hereunder.

 

10. Services to Other Clients.

 

Nothing herein contained shall limit the freedom of the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Adviser to render investment management and administrative services to other investment companies, to act as investment adviser or investment counselor to other persons, firms or corporations, or to engage in other business activities.

 

11. Limitation of Liability of Adviser and its Personnel.

 

Neither the Adviser nor any director, manager, officer or employee of the Adviser performing services for the Trust at the direction or request of the Adviser in connection with the Adviser's discharge of its obligations hereunder shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with any matter to which this Agreement relates, and the Adviser shall not be responsible for any action of the Trustees of the Trust in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendation of the Adviser or any sub-adviser retained by the Adviser pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement; PROVIDED, that nothing herein contained shall be construed (i) to protect the Adviser against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders to which the Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of the Adviser's duties, or by reason of the Adviser's reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, or (ii) to protect any director, manager, officer or employee of the Adviser who is or was a Trustee or officer of the Trust against any liability of the Trust or its shareholders to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person's office with the Trust.

 

12. Effect of Agreement.

 

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to require to the Trust to take any action contrary to its Declaration of Trust or its By-Laws or any applicable law, regulation or order to which it is subject or by which it is bound, or to relieve or deprive the Trustees of the Trust of their responsibility for and control of the conduct of the business and affairs of the Trust.

 

13. Term of Agreement.

 

The term of this Agreement shall begin as of the date and year upon which the Fund listed on Appendix A commences investment operations, and unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided, this Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of two years. Thereafter, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to each Fund from year to year, subject to the termination provisions and all other terms and conditions hereof; PROVIDED, such continuance with respect to a Fund is approved at least annually by vote of the holders of a majority of the

 
 

outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by the Trustees of the Trust; PROVIDED, that in either event such continuance is also approved annually by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of either party hereto. The Adviser shall furnish to the Trust, promptly upon its request, such information as may reasonably be necessary to evaluate the terms of this Agreement or any extension, renewal or amendment thereof.

 

14. Amendment or Assignment of Agreement.

 

Any amendment to this Agreement shall be in writing signed by the parties hereto; PROVIDED, that no such amendment shall be effective unless authorized (i) by resolution of the Trustees of the Trust, including the vote or written consent of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of either party hereto, and (ii) by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund affected by such amendment if required by applicable law. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately in the event of its assignment.

 

15. Termination of Agreement.

 

This Agreement may be terminated as to any Fund at any time by either party hereto, without the payment of any penalty, upon sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the other party; PROVIDED, that in the case of termination by any Fund, such action shall have been authorized (i) by resolution of the Trust's Board of Trustees, including the vote or written consent of Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of either party hereto, or (ii) by vote of majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

16. Use of Name.

 

The Trust is named the Northern Lights Fund Trust II and each Fund may be identified, in part, by the name "Northern Lights."

 

17. Declaration of Trust.

 

The Adviser is hereby expressly put on notice of the limitation of shareholder liability as set forth in the Trust's Declaration of Trust and agrees that the obligations assumed by the Trust or a Fund, as the case may be, pursuant to this Agreement shall be limited in all cases to the Trust or a Fund, as the case may be, and its assets, and the Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligation from the shareholders or any shareholder of the Trust. In addition, the Adviser shall not seek satisfaction of any such obligations from the Trustees or any individual Trustee. The Adviser understands that the rights and obligations of any Fund under the Declaration of Trust are separate and distinct from those of any and all other Funds. The Adviser further understands and agrees that no Fund of the Trust shall be liable for any claims against any other Fund of the Trust and that the Adviser must look solely to the assets of the pertinent Fund of the Trust for the enforcement or satisfaction of any claims against the Trust with respect to that Fund.

 

18. Confidentiality.

 

The Adviser agrees to treat all records and other information relating to the Trust and the securities holdings of the Funds as confidential and shall not disclose any such records or information to any other person unless (i) the Board of Trustees of the Trust has approved the disclosure or (ii) such disclosure is compelled by law. In addition, the Adviser and the Adviser's

 
 

officers, directors and employees are prohibited from receiving compensation or other consideration, for themselves or on behalf of the Fund, as a result of disclosing the Fund's portfolio holdings. The Adviser agrees that, consistent with the Adviser's Code of Ethics, neither the Adviser nor the Adviser's officers, directors, members or employees may engage in personal securities transactions based on nonpublic information about a Fund's portfolio holdings.

 

19. This Agreement shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

 

20. Interpretation and Definition of Terms.

 

Any question of interpretation of any term or provision of this Agreement having a counterpart in or otherwise derived from a term or provision of the Act shall be resolved by reference to such term or provision of the Act and to interpretation thereof, if any, by the United States courts, or, in the absence of any controlling decision of any such court, by rules, regulations or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission validly issued pursuant to the Act. Specifically, the terms "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities," "interested persons," "assignment" and "affiliated person," as used in this Agreement shall have the meanings assigned to them by Section 2(a) of the Act. In addition, when the effect of a requirement of the Act reflected in any provision of this Agreement is modified, interpreted or relaxed by a rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission, whether of special or of general application, such provision shall be deemed to incorporate the effect of such rule, regulation or order.

 

21. Captions.

 

The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delineate any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.

 

22. Execution in Counterparts.

 

This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but both of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 
 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the date and year first above written.

 

 

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

 

 

 

By: /s/ Kevin Wolf

Name: Kevin Wolf

Title: President

 

 

 

INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP

 

By: /s/ Ali Motamed

Name: Ali Motamed

Title: Managing Partner

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

APPENDIX A

 

FUNDS OF THE TRUST

 

 

NAME OF FUND

ANNUAL ADVISORY FEE AS A % OF

AVERAGE NET ASSETS OF THE FUND

 

 

INVENOMIC FUND

 

 

 

 

1.74%

 

 

 

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II


OPERATING EXPENSES LIMITATION

AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

 

INVENOMIC FUND



THIS OPERATING EXPENSES LIMITATION AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”) is effective as of the July 1, 2019, by and between NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II, a Delaware business trust (the “Trust”), on behalf of the INVENOMIC FUND (the “Fund”), a series of the Trust, and the advisor of the Fund, INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP (the “Advisor”).

 

RECITALS:


WHEREAS, the Advisor renders advice and services to the Fund pursuant to the terms and provisions of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Advisor dated as of July 1, 2019 (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”); and


WHEREAS, the Fund is responsible for, and has assumed the obligation for, payment of certain expenses pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement that have not been assumed by the Advisor; and


WHEREAS, the Advisor desires to limit the Fund’s Operating Expenses (as that term is defined in Paragraph 2 of this Agreement) pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and the Trust (on behalf of each Fund) desires to allow the Advisor to implement those limits; and

 

WHEREAS, as a condition to the continuation of its contractual relationship with the Advisor, the Trust has required that Advisor grant to the Trust a continuing security interest in and to a designated account established with Gemini Fund Services, LLC, Transfer Agent to the Fund, or its successor and assigns (the “Securities Intermediary”);


NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties, intending to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:


1. Limit on Operating Expenses. The Advisor hereby agrees to limit the Fund’s current Operating Expenses to an annual rate, expressed as a percentage of the Fund’s average annual net assets, to the amounts listed in Appendix A (the “Annual Limit”). In the event that the current Operating Expenses of the Fund, as accrued each month, exceed its Annual Limit, the Advisor will pay to the Fund, on a monthly basis, the excess expense within the first ten days of the month following the month in which such Operating Expenses were incurred (each payment, a “Fund Reimbursement Payment”).


2. Definition. For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Operating Expenses” with respect to

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the Fund is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Funds and including the Advisor’s investment advisory or management fee detailed in the Investment Advisory Agreement, any Rule 12b-l fees and other expenses described in the Investment Advisory Agreement, but does not include any front-end or contingent deferred loads, brokerage fees and commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, borrowing costs (such as interest and dividend expense on securities sold short), taxes and extraordinary expenses such as litigation.


3. Reimbursement of Fees and Expenses. The Advisor retains its right to receive reimbursement of any excess expense payments paid by it pursuant to this Agreement in future years on a rolling three year basis, if such reimbursement can be achieved within the Operating Expense Limitations listed in Appendix A.

 

4. Security Interest. The Advisor, for value received, hereby pledges, assigns, sets over and grants to the Trust a continuing security interest in and to an account to be established by the Advisor with the Securities Intermediary and designated as a collateral account (the “Collateral Account”), including any replacement account established with any successor, together with all dividends, interest, stock-splits, distributions, profits and all cash and non-cash proceeds thereof and any and all other rights as may now or hereafter derive or accrue therefrom (collectively, the “Collateral”) to secure the payment of any required Fund Reimbursement Payment or Liquidation Expenses (as defined in Paragraph 5 of this Agreement). For so long as this Agreement is in effect, any redemptions of Collateral shall require the approval of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”).

 

5. Collateral Event. In the event that either (a) the Advisor does not make the Fund Reimbursement Payment due in connection with a particular calendar month by the tenth day of the following calendar month or (b) the Board enacts a resolution calling for the liquidation of the Fund (either (a) or (b), a “Collateral Event”), then, in either event, the Board shall have absolute discretion to redeem any shares or other Collateral held in the Collateral Account and utilize the proceeds from such redemptions or such other Collateral to make any required Fund Reimbursement Payment, or to cover any costs or expenses which the Board, in its sole and absolute discretion, estimates will be required in connection with the liquidation of the Fund (the “Liquidation Expenses”). Pursuant to the terms of Paragraph 6 of this Agreement, upon authorization from the Board, no further instructions shall be required from the Advisor for the Securities Intermediary to transfer any Collateral from the Collateral Account to the Fund. The Advisor acknowledges that in the event the Collateral available in the Collateral Account is insufficient to cover the full cost of any Fund Reimbursement Payment or Liquidation Expenses, the Fund shall retain the right to receive from the Advisor any costs in excess of the value of the Collateral.

 

6. Control Agreement; Appointment of Attorney-in-Fact. The Advisor agrees to execute and deliver to the Board, in form and substance satisfactory to the Board, a Control Agreement by, between and among the Trust, the Advisor and the Securities Intermediary pursuant to and consistent with Section 8-106(c) of the New York Uniform Commercial Code. Without limiting the foregoing, the Advisor hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Trust, through any

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officer thereof, with full power of substitution, as Advisor's true and lawful Attorney-in-Fact, with full irrevocable power and authority in place and stead of the Advisor and in the name of the Advisor or in the Trust's own name, from time to time, for the purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement, to take any and all appropriate actions and to execute and deliver any and all documents and instruments which the Board deems necessary to accomplish the purpose of this Agreement, which power of attorney is coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Trust shall have the right and power following any Collateral Event to receive, endorse and collect all checks and other orders for the payment of money made payable to the Advisor representing any interest payment, dividend, or other distribution payable in respect of/to the Collateral, or any part thereof, and to give full discharge for the same. Upon such Collateral Event, the Board, in its discretion, may direct the Advisor or Advisor's agent to transfer the Collateral in certificated or uncertificated form into the name and account of the Trust or its designee.

 

7. Covenants. So long as this Agreement shall remain in effect, the Advisor represents and covenants as follows:

 

(a) No later than 120 days after the Fund becomes operational, the Advisor shall invest at least $30,000 in the Collateral Account, unless Fund assets have reached $15 million (in which case no Collateral Account is required) until Fund assets fall below $15 million for more than 30 days). Once the Collateral Account is established: (i) the Advisor will maintain at least $30,000 in said account, such that additional amounts will be deposited by the Advisor where Fund outflows or negative Fund performance reduce the Collateral Account below $30,000 for a period of more than thirty days; (ii) when the Fund reaches $15 million or more in net assets, the Advisor may withdraw all assets from said account, less the minimum amount required to maintain the account open; and (iii) the Advisor hereby agrees to deposit and maintain $30,000 in the Collateral Account within 30 days of Fund assets falling below $15 million, where assets have not risen above $15 million at the end of that 30-day period. The Collateral Account may be closed completely upon Fund assets reaching $25 million.

 

(b)        To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Advisor agrees not to challenge any action taken by the Board or the Trust in executing the terms of this Agreement.


8. Term. This Agreement shall become effective on the date first above written and shall remain in effect until at least February 28, 2021 unless sooner terminated as provided in Paragraph 9 of this Agreement, and shall continue in effect for successive twelve-month periods provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust.


9. Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, and without payment of any penalty, by the Board, on behalf of the Fund, upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to the Advisor. This Agreement may not be terminated by the Advisor without the consent of the Board. This Agreement will automatically terminate, with respect to the Fund listed in Appendix A if the Investment Advisory Agreement for the Fund is terminated and the Fund continues to operate

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under the management of a new investment adviser, with such termination effective upon the effective date of the Investment Advisory Agreement’s termination for the Fund.


10. Assignment. This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party.


11. Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall be otherwise rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.


12. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof; provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any federal law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

 

[Signature Page Follows]



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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and attested by their duly authorized officers, all on the day and year first above written.

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP
On behalf of the Invenomic Fund  
   
   
By: /s/ Kevin Wolf By: /s/ Ali Motamed
Name: Kevin Wolf Name: Ali Motamed
Title: President Title: Managing Partner

 



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Appendix A

 

Fund Operating Expense Limit
   

Invenomic Fund

Institutional Class Shares

Investor Class Shares

Super Institutional Shares

 

2.23%

2.48%

1.98%



 

-A-1- 
 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

Shareholder Services Plan

Invenomic Fund

 

 

Adopted January 23, 2019

 

This plan constitutes the Shareholder Services Plan (the "Plan") for the Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Invenomic Fund (the "Fund"), a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II, a Delaware business trust (the "Trust"). The Plan relates solely to the Fund.

WHEREAS, it is desirable to provide the Fund flexibility in meeting the investment and shareholder servicing needs of its investors; and

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to adopt a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Fund; and

WHEREAS, the Trust intends to enter into Plan agreements ("Shareholder Services Agreements") with certain financial institutions, broker-dealers, and other financial intermediaries ("Authorized Service Providers") pursuant to which the Authorized Service Providers will provide certain administrative support services to the beneficial owners of the Fund’s shares;

NOW THEREFORE, the Trust hereby adopts this Plan with respect to the Fund:

1.                  Implementation. Any officer of the Trust is authorized to execute and deliver, in the name of the Trust and on behalf of the Fund, written Shareholder Services Agreements with Authorized Service Providers that are record owners of Fund shares or that have a servicing relationship with the beneficial owners of shares of the Fund. A form of Shareholder Services Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit A.

2.                  Services. Pursuant to the Shareholder Services Agreement, the Authorized Service Provider shall provide to those customers who own Fund shares administrative support services, not primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Fund, as set forth therein and as described in the Trust's applicable prospectus. Administrative support services include, but are not limited to: (i) responding to customer inquiries of a general nature regarding the Fund; (ii) crediting distributions from the Fund to customer accounts; (iii) arranging for bank wire transfer of funds to or from a customer’s account; (iv) responding to customer inquiries and requests regarding Statements of Additional information, shareholder reports, notices, proxies and proxy statements, and other Fund documents; (v) forwarding prospectuses, Statements of Additional Information, tax notices and annual and semi-annual reports to beneficial owners of Fund shares; (vi) assisting the Fund in establishing and maintaining shareholder accounts and records; (vii) providing sub-accounting with respect beneficially owned of, and transactions in, Fund shares at the shareholder level; (viii) forwarding to customers proxy statements and

 
 

proxies; (ix) determining amounts to be reinvested in the Fund; (x) assisting customers in changing account options, account designations and account addresses, and (xi) providing such other similar services as the Trust may reasonably request to the extent the Authorized Service Provider is permitted to do so under applicable statutes, rules, or regulations.

3.                  Compensation. In consideration for such administrative support services, the Authorized Service Providers will receive a fee, computed daily and paid monthly in the manner set forth in the respective Shareholder Services Agreements, at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Institutional Class Shares of the Fund and up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Investor Class Shares of the Fund. All expenses incurred by the Trust or the Fund in respect of this Plan shall be borne by the holders of the Fund’s shares.

4.                  Effective Date and Termination. This Plan will be effective with regard to the shares of the Fund only after approval by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Plan may be terminated with respect to the shares of the Fund at any time by vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees.

5.                  Amendment. The Plan may be amended at any time by the Board of Trustees with respect to the Fund, provided that all material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by the Trust's Trustees in the manner provided herein with respect to the initial approval of the Plan.

6.                  Reporting. While this Plan is in effect, the Board of Trustees shall be provided with a quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended pursuant to this Plan and the purposes for which the expenditures were made.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trust has executed this Shareholder Services Plan as of January 23, 2019.

 

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II

 

By: _/s/ Kevin Wolf

Kevin Wolf

President

 
 

Schedule A
to the
Shareholder Services Plan

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT

 

This Shareholder Services Agreement (the "Agreement") is made as of January 23, 2019_, by and between Northern Lights Fund Trust II (the “Trust”), a Delaware business trust registered as a management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), on behalf of the Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Invenomic Fund (the "Fund"), and Invenomic Capital Management LP (the “Authorized Service Provider”) solely for the purpose of providing administrative services, as provided below:

1.Services. The Authorized Service Provider shall provide those administrative shareholder services and/or account maintenance services listed on Schedule A attached hereto, to those individuals or entities with whom the Authorized Service Provider has a servicing and/or other relationship and who may from time to time directly or beneficially own shares of the Fund. Schedule A may be amended from time to time by mutual agreement of the parties.
2.Compensation.

(a)       The fee to be paid with respect to the Fund will be computed and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to [%] of the average daily net asset value of the Institutional Class and Investor Class shares of the Fund for which services are rendered, provided that such shares are beneficially owned of record at the close of business on the last business day of the payment period by shareholders with whom the Authorized Service Provider has a servicing relationship as indicated by the records maintained by the Trust or its transfer agent (the “Subject Shares”).

(b)       The Trust shall pay the Authorized Service Provider the total of the fees calculated for the Funds for any period with respect to which such calculations are made within 45 days after the close of such period.

(c)       The Trust reserves the right to withhold payment with respect to any Subject Shares purchased and redeemed or repurchased by the Funds within seven (7) business days after the date of its confirmation of such purchase.

3.Records and Reporting. The Authorized Service Provider shall furnish the Trust with such information as shall reasonably be requested by the Trustees with respect to the fees paid to the Authorized Service Provider pursuant to this Agreement.
4.Limitations.

(a)       The parties acknowledge and agree that the services discuss in Section 1 above and listed in Schedule A attached hereto are not primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of the Fund and are not the services of an underwriter within the meaning of the

 
 

Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the 1940 Act. This Agreement does not give the Authorized Service Provider any right to purchase shares from the Fund, nor does it constitute the Authorized Services Provider an agent of the Fund to receive any orders to purchase or redeem shares of such Fund on behalf of the Fund. To the extent the Authorized Service Provider is involved in the transmission of orders to purchase or redeem Fund shares received from an individual or financial intermediary, such involvement will be solely as agent for such individual or financial intermediary.

(b)       Neither the Authorized Service Provider nor any of its employees or agents are authorized to make any representation concerning shares of the Fund except those contained in the then current Prospectus or Statement of Additional Information for the Funds, and the Authorized Service Provider shall have no authority to act as agent for the Funds outside the parameters of this Agreement.

5.Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by either party at any time without payment of any penalty upon sixty (60) days’ written notice.
6.Amendments. This Agreement and any Schedule hereto may not be revised except by mutual written agreement between the parties. This Agreement may be revised only after 60 days’ written notice or upon such shorter notice as the parties may mutually agree.
7.Notices.

All communications to the Fund should be sent to:

Invenomic Fund

C/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC

80 Arkay Drive, Suite 110

Hauppauge, New York 11788

Attn: Kevin Wolf

 

Any notice to the Authorized Service Provider shall be sent to:

Invenomic Capital Management LP

211 Congress Street

7th floor

Boston, MA 02110

Attn:_Ben Deschaine

 

All communications and any notices required hereunder shall be deemed to be duly given if mailed or faxed to the respective party at the address for such party specified above.

8.Confidentiality. The parties to this Agreement mutually acknowledge that the Fund maintains and is subject to a Privacy Policy that restricts the disclosure of certain types of non-public information regarding the customers of the Fund and the parties agree to be bound by the restrictions imposed by such Privacy Policy.
 
 
9.Anti-Money Laundering. The Authorized Service Provider will comply with all applicable laws and regulations aimed at preventing, detecting, and reporting money laundering and suspicious transactions and will take all necessary and appropriate steps, consistent with applicable regulations and generally accepted industry practices to (i) obtain, verify, and retain information with regard to shareholder identification and (ii) to maintain records of all shareholder transactions. Authorized Service Provider will (but only to the extent consistent with applicable law) take all steps necessary and appropriate to provide the Trust with any requested information about investors and accounts in the event that the Trust shall request such information due to an inquiry or investigation by any law enforcement, regulatory, or administrative authority. To the extent permitted by applicable law and regulations, Authorized Service Provider will notify the Trust of any concerns that Authorized Service Provider may have in connection with any shareholder in the context of relevant anti-money laundering legislation/regulations.
10.Indemnification.

(a)               The Trust agrees to indemnify and hold the Authorized Service Provider harmless against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including attorney’s fees) to which the Authorized Service Provider may become subject insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses or actions in respect thereof arise out of or are based upon any material breach by the Trust of any provision of this Agreement or the Trust’s negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties and responsibilities under this Agreement.

(b)               The Authorized Service Provider agrees to indemnify and hold the Trust harmless against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including attorney’s fees) to which the Trust may become subject insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses or actions in respect thereof arise out of or are based upon any material breach by the Authorized Service Provider of any provision of this Agreement or the Authorized Service Provider’s negligence or willful misconduct in carrying out its duties and responsibilities under this Agreement.

11.Governing Law. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.
12.Limitation of Liability. The names “Northern Lights Fund Trust II” and “Trustees of Northern Lights Fund Trust II” refer respectively to the Trust created and the Trustees, as trustees but not individually or personally, acting from time to time under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated as of August 26, 2010 to which reference is hereby made and a copy of which is on file at the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and elsewhere as required by law, and to any and all amendments thereto so filed or hereafter filed. The obligations of the Trust entered into in the name or on behalf thereof by any of the Trustees, representatives or agents are made not individually, but in such capacities, and are not binding upon any of the Trustees, shareholders or representatives of the Trust personally, but bind only the assets of the Trust and all persons dealing with any series of shares of the Trust must look solely to the assets of the Trust belonging to such series for the enforcement of any claims against the Trust.
 
 
13.Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one agreement, and any party hereto may execute this Agreement by signing any such counterpart.
14.Severability. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement should be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
15.Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including the Attachments hereto, constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the matters dealt with herein, and supersedes all previous agreements, written or oral, with respect to such matters.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned parties have executed this Agreement as of the 2nd day of July, 2019.

NORTHERN LIGHTS FUND TRUST II, on behalf Invenomic Fund

 

INVENOMIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP

 

 

 

By: /s/ Kevin Wolf

Name: Kevin Wolf

Title: President

 

By: /s/ Ali Motamed

Name: Ali Motamed

Title: Managing Partner

 

 

 

 
 

SCHEDULE A

TO

SHAREHOLDER SERVICES AGREEMENT

 

The types of shareholder services which may be compensated pursuant to the Agreement include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:

 

1.Answering customer inquiries of a general nature regarding the Fund;
2.Responding to customer inquiries and requests regarding statements of additional information, reports, notices, proxies and proxy statements, and other Fund documents;
3.Delivering prospectuses and annual and semi-annual reports to beneficial owners of the Subject Shares;
4.Assisting the Fund in establishing and maintaining shareholder accounts and records;
5.Assisting customers in changing account options, account designations, and account addresses;
6.Processing dividend payments and providing sub-accounting for all Fund share transactions at the shareholder level;
7.Arranging for bank wire transfer of funds to or from a customer’s account;
8.Crediting distributions from the Fund to shareholder accounts;
9.Determining amounts to be reinvested in the Fund; and
10.Providing such other similar administrative services as may be reasonably requested and which are deemed necessary and beneficial to the holders of the Subject Shares, to the extent permitted by applicable statute, rule or regulation.

 

 

Alston&Bird llp

The Atlantic Building

950 F. Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20004-2601

 

202-239-3300

Fax: 202-239-3333

www.alston.com

 

 

David J. Baum Direct Dial: 202-239-3346 E-mail: [email protected]

 

 

July 26, 2019

 

Northern Lights Fund Trust II

17605 Wright Street

Omaha NE 68130

 

Re:Opinion of Counsel regarding Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 to Northern Lights Fund Trust II’s Registration Statement Filed on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933 (File No. 333-174926)

 

We have acted as counsel to Northern Lights Fund Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the filing of Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 to the Trust’s Registration Statement (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 437”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), registering an indefinite number of units of beneficial interest (“Shares”) of Class A shares of the Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund, a series of the Trust (the “Fund”).

 

You have requested our opinion as to the matters set forth below in connection with the filing of the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437. In connection with rendering that opinion, we have examined the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437, the Declaration of Trust and any amendments thereto, the Certificate of Trust of the Trust, the Trust’s Bylaws, the actions of the Trustees of the Trust that authorize the approval of the foregoing documents, securities matters and the issuance of the Shares, and such other documents as we, in our professional opinion, have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth below. In examining the documents referred to above, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of documents purporting to be originals and the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. As to questions of fact material to our opinion, we have relied (without investigation or independent confirmation) upon the representations contained in the above-described documents.

 

Our opinion, as set forth herein, is based on the facts in existence and the laws in effect on the date hereof and is limited to the federal laws of the United States of America and the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. We express no opinion with respect to any other laws.

 

 
 

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that:

 

1.The Shares of the Fund to be issued pursuant to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 have been duly authorized for issuance by the Trust.
2.When issued and paid for upon the terms provided in the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437, subject to compliance with the 1933 Act, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and all other laws relating to the sale of securities, the Shares of the Fund to be issued pursuant to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

This opinion is rendered solely for your use in connection with the filing of the Post-Effective Amendment No. 437. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the SEC in connection with Post-Effective Amendment No. 437.

 

Sincerely,

 

ALSTON & BIRD LLP

 

 

 

By:_ /s/David J. Baum____

A Partner

 

CONSENT OF ALSTON & BIRD, LLP, COUNSEL FOR THE REGISTRANT

 

 

We hereby consent to the use of our name and the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Counsel” included in or made a part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 437 to the Registration Statement of Northern Lights Fund Trust II on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Alston & Bird LLP

 

By: /s/ David J. Baum

A Partner

 

 

Washington, DC

July 26, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our report dated May 23, 2019, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of Two Oaks Diversified Growth and Income Fund, a series of Northern Lights Fund Trust II, for the year ended March 31, 2019, and to the references to our firm under the headings “Financial Highlights” in the Prospectus and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings” in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

 

/s/ Cohen & Company, Ltd.

Cohen & Company, Ltd.

Cleveland, Ohio

July 24, 2019

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



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