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Form 485BPOS Legg Mason ETF Investmen

January 28, 2019 1:56 PM EST

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on January 28, 2019

Securities Act File No. 333-206784

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23096

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-1A

   REGISTRATION STATEMENT   
   UNDER   
   THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933   

   Pre-Effective Amendment No.       
   Post-Effective Amendment No. 73   

   and/or   
   REGISTRATION STATEMENT   
   UNDER   
   THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940   
   Amendment No. 76   

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

 

 

Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

 

620 Eighth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, New York   10018
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code (877) 721-1926

 

 

Robert I. Frenkel

Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

100 First Stamford Place

Stamford, Connecticut 06902

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

COPY TO:

Benjamin J. Haskin, Esq.

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP

1875 K Street N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006

 

 

Continuous

(Approximate Date of Proposed Offering)

 

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective:

 

 

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

on February 1, 2019 pursuant to paragraph (b)

 

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

on              pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

 

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

 

on              pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

 

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

This filing relates solely to ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF.

 

 

 


LOGO

 

Prospectus   LOGO   February 1, 2019

 

 

LEGG MASON EQUITY

ETFs

 

 

 

CLEARBRIDGE ALL CAP GROWTH ETF

NASDAQ (Ticker Symbol): CACG

Beginning in March 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the fund intends to no longer mail paper copies of the fund’s shareholder reports, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank). Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically (“e-delivery”), you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. If you have not already elected e-delivery, you may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge by contacting your financial intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all Legg Mason Funds held in your account with your financial intermediary.

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined whether this Prospectus is accurate or complete. Any statement to the contrary is a crime.

 

    INVESTMENT PRODUCTS: NOT FDIC INSURED • NO BANK  GUARANTEE • MAY LOSE VALUE    


 

Contents
Investment objective      2  
Fees and expenses of the fund      2  
Principal investment strategies      3  
Principal risks      3  
Performance      6  
Management      7  
Purchase and sale of fund shares      7  
Tax information      7  
Payments to broker/dealers and other financial intermediaries      7  
More on the fund’s investment strategies, investments and risks      8  
Tax advantaged product structure      13  
More on fund management      14  
Shareholder information      16  
Dividends, other distributions and taxes      19  
Creations and redemptions      21  
Financial highlights      23  
Prior performance of similar accounts      24  

Investment objective

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF (the “fund”) seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and expenses of the fund

The accompanying table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund. You may also incur usual and customary brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table. The management agreement between Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust (the “Trust”) and Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) (the “Management Agreement”) provides that LMPFA will pay all operating expenses of the fund, except interest expenses, taxes, brokerage expenses, future Rule 12b-1 fees (if any), acquired fund fees and expenses, extraordinary expenses and the management fee payable to LMPFA under the Management Agreement. LMPFA will also pay all subadvisory fees of the fund.

 

Shareholder fees
(fees paid directly from your investment)
     None
  
Annual fund operating expenses (%)
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
Management fees    0.53
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees    0.00
Other expenses    None
Total annual fund operating expenses    0.53

Example:

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes:

 

 

You invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated

 

 

Your investment has a 5% return each year and the fund’s operating expenses remain the same

You may also incur usual and customary brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the example.

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

Number of years you own your shares ($)
       1 year      3 years      5 years      10 years
ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF      54      170      297      665

Portfolio turnover. The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 15% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

2    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Principal investment strategies

The fund seeks to invest in a diversified portfolio of large, medium and small capitalization stocks that have the potential for above-average long-term earnings and/or cash flow growth. The fund’s subadviser, ClearBridge Investments, LLC (“ClearBridge” or the “subadviser”), uses a bottom-up investment process that seeks to find inefficiently priced companies with strong fundamentals, incentive-driven management teams, dominant positions in niche markets and/or goods and services that are in high customer demand. The bottom-up process used by the subadviser relies on extensive fundamental research that looks to identify companies with a range of growth opportunities while evaluating the company’s business model, financial structure and management acumen.

Research is conducted by the portfolio managers with input from the sector analysts of ClearBridge’s Fundamental Research Team. The team utilizes proprietary and independent research to identify companies whose projected rapid growth in earnings and cash flow is based on their participation in new products or markets. For large company growth stocks, the team seeks companies that exhibit superior balance sheets, exceptional management teams and long-term, consistent operating histories. The subadviser attempts to complement this core group of companies with tactical stocks that reflect themes within the prevailing market environment. When looking at small- and medium-sized company growth stocks, the subadviser focuses on companies with rapid earnings growth potential, unrecognized values, industry leadership and management teams that have a significant ownership stake.

The subadviser anticipates using a long-term approach to investing that typically results in low portfolio turnover. The subadviser, however, may take a more active approach to the portfolio, depending upon market conditions.

As of the end of the fund’s fiscal year, the top three industry sectors represented by the fund’s underlying investments were information technology, health care and communication services. These industry sectors may change over time.

Principal risks

Risk is inherent in all investing. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. An investment in the fund is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or by any bank or government agency. The following is an alphabetical list of the principal risks of investing in the fund.

Asset class risk. Securities or other assets in the fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to the general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes.

Authorized Participant concentration risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund. “Authorized Participant” means broker-dealers that are permitted to create and redeem shares directly with the fund and who have investors who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor. The fund has a limited number of institutions that act as Authorized Participants. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem, in either of these cases, fund shares may trade at a discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.

Communication services sector risk. Companies in the communication services sector may be affected by industry competition, substantial capital requirements, government regulation and obsolescence of telecommunications products and services due to technological advancement.

Cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, cause the fund, the manager, the subadvisers, Authorized Participants, the relevant listing exchange and/or their service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality or prevent fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The fund, the manager, and the subadvisers have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers. Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any future cybersecurity incidents.

Foreign investments risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involve additional risk. Foreign countries in which the fund may invest may have markets that are less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund’s investments may decline because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support and political or financial instability. Lack of information may also affect the value of these securities.

Growth investing risk. The fund’s growth-oriented investment style may increase the risks of investing in the fund. Growth securities typically are very sensitive to market movements because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of growth securities typically fall. Growth securities may also be more volatile than other investments because they often do not pay dividends. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market while the market concentrates on value stocks.

Healthcare sector risk. The profitability of companies in the healthcare sector may be affected by government regulations and government healthcare programs, increases or decreases in the cost of medical products and services and product liability claims, among other factors. Many

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   3


healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection, and the expiration of a company’s patent may adversely affect that company’s profitability. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may result in price discounting, and may be thinly capitalized and susceptible to product obsolescence.

Information technology sector risk. Information technology companies face intense competition and potentially rapid product obsolescence. They are also heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by the loss or impairment of those rights.

Issuer risk. The market price of a security can go up or down more than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole, due to factors specifically relating to the security’s issuer, such as disappointing earnings reports by the issuer, unsuccessful products or services, loss of major customers, changes in management, corporate actions, negative perception in the marketplace, major litigation against the issuer or changes in government regulations affecting the issuer or the competitive environment. The fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on an individual security.

Large capitalization company risk. Large capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors based on market and economic conditions. In addition, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies and may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes. As a result, the fund’s value may not rise as much as, or may fall more than, the value of funds that focus on companies with smaller market capitalizations.

Liquidity risk. Some assets held by the fund may be impossible or difficult to sell and some assets that the fund wants to invest in may be impossible or difficult to purchase, particularly during times of market turmoil or due to adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. These illiquid assets may also be difficult to value. Markets may become illiquid when, for instance, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid asset to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a loss. The fund may not receive its proceeds from the sale of certain securities for an extended period (for example, several weeks or even longer).

Market events risk. In the past decade financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility, depressed valuations, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. Governmental and non-governmental issuers have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts. These conditions may continue, recur, worsen or spread. Events that have contributed to these market conditions include, but are not limited to, major cybersecurity events; geopolitical events (including wars and terror attacks); measures to address budget deficits; downgrading of sovereign debt; changes in oil and commodity prices; dramatic changes in currency exchange rates; and public sentiment.

U.S. and non-U.S. governments and central banks have provided significant support to financial markets, including by keeping interest rates at historically low levels. The U.S. Federal Reserve is reducing its market support activities and has begun raising interest rates. Certain non-U.S. governments and central banks have implemented or may implement so-called negative rates (e.g., charging depositors who keep their cash at a bank) to spur economic growth. Further Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or contrary actions by different governments, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the fund invests.

Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries and other events affecting global markets, such as the United Kingdom’s expected exit from the European Union (or Brexit) are affecting many aspects of financial regulation and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund’s investments may be negatively affected.

Market trading risk. The fund faces numerous market trading risks, including the potential lack of an active market for fund shares, losses from trading in secondary markets, periods of high volatility and disruptions in the creation/redemption process. Any of these factors, among others, may lead to the fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to net asset value.

Portfolio management risk. The value of your investment may decrease if the subadviser’s judgment about the attractiveness or value of, or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, or about market movements, is incorrect or does not produce the desired results, or if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the models, tools and data used by the subadviser. In addition, the fund’s investment strategies or policies may change from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the subadviser and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the fund.

Small and medium capitalization company risk. The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small and medium capitalization companies. Small and medium capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors; may have limited product lines, operating histories, markets or financial resources; or may be dependent upon a limited management group. The prices of securities of small and medium capitalization companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions, including those experienced during a recession. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may underperform large

 

4    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may have greater potential for losses.

Stock market and equity securities risk. The stock markets are volatile and the market prices of the fund’s equity securities may decline generally. Equity securities may have greater price volatility than other asset classes, such as fixed income securities, and may fluctuate in price based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions and perceptions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline.

Trading issues risk. Trading in fund shares on NASDAQ may be halted in certain circumstances. There can be no assurance that the requirements of NASDAQ necessary to maintain the listing of the fund will continue to be met.

Valuation risk. The sales price the fund could receive upon the sale of any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund’s valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. Authorized Participants who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund’s ability to value its investments may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers.

These and other risks are discussed in more detail in the Prospectus or in the Statement of Additional Information.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   5


Performance

The accompanying bar chart and table provide some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The bar chart shows changes in the fund’s performance from year to year. The table shows the average annual total returns of the fund and also compares the fund’s performance with the average annual total returns of an index or other benchmark. The fund makes updated performance information, including its current net asset value, available at www.leggmason.com/etfproducts (select fund), or by calling the fund at 1-877-721-1926.

The fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the fund will perform in the future.

 

LOGO

Best Quarter (09/30/2018): 5.73    Worst Quarter (12/31/2018): (13.98)

 

Average annual total returns (%)
(for periods ended December 31, 2018)                   
     1 year      Since
inception
     Inception
date
Return before taxes    (2.83)      5.30      05/03/2017
Return after taxes on distributions    (2.99)      5.17       
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares    (1.57)      4.06       
Russell 3000 Growth Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)    (2.12)      8.19       

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and the after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. Returns after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares are higher than returns before taxes for certain periods shown because they reflect the tax benefit of capital losses realized on the sale of fund shares.

 

6    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Management

Investment manager: Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”)

Subadviser: ClearBridge Investments, LLC (“ClearBridge”)

Portfolio managers: Evan Bauman, Peter Bourbeau, Richard A. Freeman and Margaret Vitrano. Mr. Bauman (a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge), Mr. Bourbeau (a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge), Mr. Freeman (a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge) and Ms. Vitrano (a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge) have been portfolio managers for the fund since 2017.

Purchase and sale of fund shares

The fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (commonly referred to as an “ETF”). Individual shares of the fund are listed on a national securities exchange and are redeemable only by Authorized Participants in Creation Units (as defined in this section). Most investors will buy and sell shares of the fund through a broker-dealer. The price of fund shares is based on market price, and because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than at net asset value, shares may trade at a price greater than net asset value (a premium) or less than net asset value (a discount). The fund will only issue or redeem shares that have been aggregated into blocks of 50,000 shares or multiples thereof (“Creation Units”) to Authorized Participants who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor. The fund generally will issue or redeem Creation Units in return for a designated portfolio of securities (and an amount of cash) that the fund specifies each day.

Tax information

The fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income and/or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. Withdrawals from such tax-deferred arrangements may be subject to tax at a later date.

Payments to broker/dealers and other financial intermediaries

If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), LMPFA or other related companies may pay the intermediary for marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems or other services related to the sale or promotion of the fund. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   7


More on the fund’s investment strategies, investments and risks

Introduction

The fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”), and the shares of the fund are listed for trading on NASDAQ. The market price for a share of the fund may be different from the fund’s most recent net asset value (“NAV”).

ETFs are funds that trade like other publicly traded securities. Unlike shares of a mutual fund, which can be bought and redeemed from the issuing fund by all shareholders at a price based on NAV, shares of the fund may be purchased or redeemed directly from the fund at NAV solely by Authorized Participants (as defined in the “Creations and redemptions” section of this Prospectus). Also unlike shares of a mutual fund, shares of the fund are listed on a national securities exchange and trade in the secondary market at market prices that change throughout the day.

Investment objective

The fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

Principal investment strategies

The fund attempts to structure a diversified portfolio of large, medium and small capitalization stocks that have the potential for above-average long-term earnings and/or cash flow growth using a bottom-up investment process that seeks to find inefficiently priced companies with strong fundamentals, incentive-driven management teams, dominant positions in niche markets and/or goods and services that are in high customer demand. The bottom-up process used by the subadviser relies on extensive fundamental research that looks to identify companies with a range of growth opportunities while evaluating the company’s business model, financial structure and management acumen.

The investment process begins by focusing on a core universe of companies with a market capitalization of $3 billion or more. These companies are evaluated based on factors such as sustainability and growth dynamics of their business, the adequacy of their capital to fund growth initiatives and management’s business strategy and history of execution of the strategy. Other factors considered by the subadviser may include:

 

 

A company’s competitors

 

The cyclicality of its business and recurring revenues

 

A company’s product cycle

 

Profit margins

 

Clarity of a company’s business model and vision for growth

 

Consistency of reported operational results

 

Use of incentives and management’s ownership stake in the company

 

Valuation, including free cash flow yield, price to earnings ratio and price to earnings growth ratio

After identifying companies for potential investment, the subadviser seeks to achieve diversification of the portfolio across the growth spectrum, including cyclical companies, stable growth companies and sustainable growth companies. The subadviser seeks to complement a core group of large capitalization growth companies with tactical stocks that reflect themes within the prevailing market environment. When looking at small- and medium-sized company growth stocks, the subadviser selects stocks of those companies with rapid earnings growth potential, unrecognized values, industry leadership and management teams that have a significant ownership stake.

The portfolio managers utilize the subadviser’s fundamental research analysts who, using their industry expertise, determine the material ESG (environmental, social and governance) factors facing both individual companies and industry sectors; these factors may include, but are not necessarily limited to, environmentally- friendly product initiatives, labor audits of overseas supply chains and strong corporate governance. The choice of ESG factors for any particular company reflects the specific industry.

As of the end of the fund’s fiscal year, the top three industry sectors represented by the fund’s underlying investments were information technology, health care and communication services. These industry sectors may change over time.

Equity investments

Equity securities include exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) common and preferred stocks, warrants and rights, securities convertible into equity securities and securities of other investment companies and of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”).

Foreign investments

The fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets (at the time of investment) in foreign securities. The fund may invest directly in foreign issuers or invest in depositary receipts.

Cash management

The fund may hold cash pending investment, and may invest in money market instruments for cash management purposes. The amount of assets the fund may hold for cash management purposes will depend on market conditions and the need to meet expected redemption requests.

 

8    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Defensive investing

The fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions, including by investing in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or holding cash without regard to any percentage limitations. Although the subadviser has the ability to take defensive positions, it may choose not to do so for a variety of reasons, even during volatile market conditions.

Other investments

The fund may also use other strategies and invest in other investments that are described, along with their risks, in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). However, the fund might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of investments described in this Prospectus or in the SAI.

Percentage and other limitations

The fund’s compliance with its investment limitations and requirements described in this Prospectus is usually determined at the time of investment. If such a percentage limitation is complied with at the time of an investment, any subsequent change resulting from a change in asset values or characteristics will not constitute a violation of that limitation.

Important information

The fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) without shareholder approval upon notice to shareholders.

There is no assurance that the fund will meet its investment objective.

The fund will consider an issuer to be a “foreign issuer” if the issuer is a non-U.S. government (including any sub-division, agency or instrumentality of a non-U.S. government), a supranational entity or any other issuer (including corporate issuers) organized under the laws of a country outside of the United States and having a principal place of business outside of the United States. The fund will consider all other issuers to be “U.S. issuers.”

The fund’s other investment strategies and policies may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval, unless specifically stated otherwise in this Prospectus or in the SAI.

More on risks of investing in the fund

Below are descriptions of the main factors that may play a role in shaping the fund’s overall risk profile. The descriptions appear in alphabetical order, not in order of importance.

Asset class risk. Securities or other assets in the fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to the general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes. This may cause the fund to underperform other investment vehicles that invest in different asset classes.

Assets under management risk. From time to time a third party, LMPFA and/or affiliates of LMPFA or the fund may invest in the fund and hold its investment for a specific period of time in order for the fund to achieve size or scale. There can be no assurance that any such entity will not redeem its investment, that it will not redeem at an inopportune time for the fund or that the size of the fund will be maintained at a level necessary to enable the fund to remain viable. Such redemption may cause the fund to sell assets (or invest cash) at disadvantageous times or prices, increase or accelerate taxable gains or transaction costs and may negatively affect the fund’s net asset value, performance, or ability to satisfy redemptions in a timely manner.

Authorized Participant concentration risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund. “Authorized Participant” means broker-dealers that are permitted to create and redeem shares directly with the fund and who have investors who have entered into agreements with the fund’s distributor. The fund has a limited number of institutions that act as Authorized Participants. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem, in either of these cases, fund shares may trade at a discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.

Cash management and defensive investing risk. The value of the investments held by the fund for cash management or defensive investing purposes can fluctuate. Like other fixed income securities, they are subject to risk, including market, interest rate and credit risk. If the fund holds cash uninvested, the cash will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash and the fund will not earn income on the cash. If a significant amount of the fund’s assets is used for cash management or defensive investing purposes, the fund will be less likely to achieve its investment objective.

Communication services sector risk. Companies in the communication services sector may encounter distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in developing new products and services using new technology. Technological innovations may make the products and services of certain communication services companies obsolete.

Communication services providers are generally required to obtain franchises or licenses in order to provide services in a given location. Licensing and franchise rights in the telecommunications sector are limited, which may provide an advantage to certain participants. Limited availability of

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   9


such rights, high barriers to market entry and regulatory oversight, among other factors, have led to consolidation of companies within the sector, which could lead to further regulation or other negative effects in the future.

Cybersecurity risk. Cybersecurity incidents, both intentional and unintentional, may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, cause the fund, the manager, the subadvisers, Authorized Participants, the relevant listing exchange and/or their service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality or prevent fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The fund, the manager, and the subadvisers have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers. Cybersecurity incidents may result in financial losses to the fund and its shareholders, and substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any future cybersecurity incidents.

Foreign investments risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involve additional risk. Foreign countries in which the fund may invest may have markets that are less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund’s investments may decline because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support and political or financial instability. Lack of information may also affect the value of these securities.

The value of the fund’s foreign investments may also be affected by foreign tax laws, special U.S. tax considerations and restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale or disposition of, foreign securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes. Foreign investments may also be adversely affected by U.S. government or international economic sanctions, which could eliminate the value of an investment.

In some foreign countries, less information is available about issuers and markets because of less rigorous accounting and regulatory standards than in the United States. It may be difficult for the fund to pursue claims against a foreign issuer in the courts of a foreign country. Some securities issued by non-U.S. governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of such governments. Even where a security is backed by the full faith and credit of a government, it may be difficult for the fund to pursue its rights against the government. Some non-U.S. governments have defaulted on principal and interest payments, and more may do so. In certain foreign markets, settlement and clearance procedures may result in delays in payment for or delivery of securities not typically associated with settlement and clearance of U.S. investments.

Growth investing risk. The fund’s growth-oriented investment style may increase the risks of investing in the fund. Growth securities typically are very sensitive to market movements because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations will not be met, the prices of growth securities typically fall. Growth securities may also be more volatile than other investments because they often do not pay dividends. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market while the market concentrates on value stocks.

Healthcare sector risk. The profitability of companies in the healthcare sector may be adversely affected by the following factors, among others: extensive government regulations, restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure, an increased emphasis on outpatient services, a limited number of products, industry innovation, changes in technologies and other market developments. A number of issuers in the healthcare sector have recently merged or otherwise experienced consolidation. The effects of this trend toward consolidation are unknown and may be far-reaching. Many healthcare companies are heavily dependent on patent protection. The expiration of a company’s patents may adversely affect that company’s profitability. Many healthcare companies are subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. Healthcare companies are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting. Many new products in the healthcare sector may be subject to regulatory approvals. The process of obtaining such approvals may be long and costly, and such efforts ultimately may be unsuccessful. Companies in the healthcare sector may be thinly capitalized and may be susceptible to product obsolescence.

Information technology sector risk. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Like other technology companies, information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face obsolescence due to rapid technological developments, frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.

Issuer risk. The market price of a security can go up or down more than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole, due to factors specifically relating to the security’s issuer, such as disappointing earnings reports by the issuer, unsuccessful products or services, loss of major customers, changes in management, corporate actions, negative perception in the marketplace, major litigation against the issuer or changes in government regulations affecting the issuer or the competitive environment. The fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on an individual security.

Large capitalization company risk. Large capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors based on market and economic conditions. In addition, larger companies may not be able to attain the high growth rates of successful smaller companies and may be less capable of responding quickly to competitive challenges and industry changes. As a result, the fund’s value may not rise as much as, or may fall more than, the value of funds that focus on companies with smaller market capitalizations.

 

10    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are impossible or difficult to sell. Although most of the fund’s investments must be liquid at the time of investment, investments may become illiquid after purchase by the fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. Markets may become illiquid when, for instance, there are few, if any, interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. When the fund holds illiquid investments, the portfolio may be harder to value, especially in changing markets, and if the fund is forced to sell these investments to meet redemption requests or for other cash needs, the fund may suffer a loss. The fund may experience heavy redemptions that could cause the fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. In addition, when there is illiquidity in the market for certain investments, the fund, due to limitations on illiquid investments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector.

Market events risk. In the past decade financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility, depressed valuations, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty. Governmental and non-governmental issuers have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts. These conditions may continue, recur, worsen or spread. Events that have contributed to these market conditions include, but are not limited to, major cybersecurity events; geopolitical events (including wars and terror attacks); measures to address budget deficits; downgrading of sovereign debt; changes in oil and commodity prices; dramatic changes in currency exchange rates; and public sentiment.

U.S. and non-U.S. governments and central banks have provided significant support to financial markets, including by keeping interest rates at historically low levels. The U.S. Federal Reserve is reducing its market support activities and has begun raising interest rates. Certain non-U.S. governments and central banks have implemented or may implement so-called negative rates (e.g., charging depositors who keep their cash at a bank) to spur economic growth. Further Federal Reserve or other U.S. or non-U.S. governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases or contrary actions by different governments, could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which the fund invests.

Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries and other events affecting global markets, such as the United Kingdom’s expected exit from the European Union (or Brexit) are affecting many aspects of financial regulation and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund’s investments may be negatively affected.

Market sector risk. The fund may be significantly overweight or underweight in certain companies, industries or market sectors, which (when overweight) may cause the fund’s performance to be more sensitive to developments affecting those companies, industries or market sectors.

Market trading risk.

Absence of active market. Although shares of the fund are listed for trading on one or more stock exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained by market makers or Authorized Participants. Authorized Participants are not obligated to execute purchase or redemption orders for Creation Units. In periods of market volatility, market makers and/or Authorized Participants may be less willing to transact in fund shares. The absence of an active market for the fund’s shares may contribute to the fund’s shares trading at a premium or discount to NAV.

Risk of secondary listings. The fund’s shares may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the U.S. stock exchange where the fund’s primary listing is maintained, and may otherwise be made available to non-U.S. investors through funds or structured investment vehicles similar to depositary receipts. There can be no assurance that the fund’s shares will continue to trade on any such stock exchange or in any market or that the fund’s shares will continue to meet the requirements for listing or trading on any exchange or in any market. The fund’s shares may be less actively traded in certain markets than in others, and investors are subject to the execution and settlement risks and market standards of the market where they or their broker direct their trades for execution. Certain information available to investors who trade fund shares on a U.S. stock exchange during regular U.S. market hours may not be available to investors who trade in other markets, which may result in secondary market prices in such markets being less efficient.

Secondary market trading risk. Shares of the fund may trade in the secondary market at times when the fund does not accept orders to purchase or redeem shares. At such times, shares may trade in the secondary market with more significant premiums or discounts than might be experienced at times when the fund accepts purchase and redemption orders.

Secondary market trading in fund shares may be halted by a stock exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. In addition, trading in fund shares on a stock exchange or in any market may be subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to “circuit breaker” rules on the stock exchange or market.

Shares of the fund, similar to shares of other issuers listed on a stock exchange, may be sold short and are therefore subject to the risk of increased volatility and price decreases associated with being sold short.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   11


Shares of the fund may trade at prices other than NAV. Shares of the fund trade on stock exchanges at prices at, above or below the fund’s most recent net asset value. The net asset value of the fund is calculated at the end of each business day and fluctuates with changes in the market value of the fund’s holdings. The trading price of the fund’s shares fluctuates continuously throughout trading hours based on both market supply of and demand for fund shares and the underlying value of the fund’s portfolio holdings or net asset value. As a result, the trading prices of the fund’s shares may deviate significantly from net asset value during periods of market volatility, including during periods of high redemption requests or other unusual market conditions. ANY OF THESE FACTORS, AMONG OTHERS, MAY LEAD TO THE FUND’S SHARES TRADING AT A PREMIUM OR DISCOUNT TO NET ASSET VALUE. However, because shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units at net asset value, the subadviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the net asset value of the fund are not likely to be sustained over the long term (unlike shares of many closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their net asset values). While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it more likely that the fund’s shares normally will trade on stock exchanges at prices close to the fund’s next calculated net asset value, exchange prices are not expected to correlate exactly with the fund’s net asset value due to timing reasons, supply and demand imbalances and other factors. In addition, disruptions to creations and redemptions, including disruptions at market makers, Authorized Participants, or market participants, or during periods of significant market volatility, may result in trading prices for shares of the fund that differ significantly from its net asset value. Authorized Participants may be less willing to create or redeem fund shares if there is a lack of an active market for such shares or its underlying investments, which may contribute to the fund’s shares trading at a discount to net asset value.

Costs of buying or selling fund shares. Buying or selling fund shares on an exchange involves two types of costs that apply to all securities transactions. When buying or selling shares of the fund through a broker, you will likely incur a brokerage commission and other charges. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread”; that is, the difference between what investors are willing to pay for fund shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which they are willing to sell fund shares (the “ask” price). There may also be regulatory and other charges that are incurred as a result of trading activity. The spread varies over time for shares of the fund based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally narrower if the fund has more trading volume and market liquidity and wider if the fund has less trading volume and market liquidity. In addition, increased market volatility may cause increased spreads. Because of the costs inherent in buying or selling fund shares, frequent trading may detract significantly from investment results and an investment in fund shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly trading in fund shares.

Operational risk. Your ability to transact with the fund or the valuation of your investment may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third party service providers or trading counterparties. It is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Portfolio management risk. The value of your investment may decrease if the subadviser’s judgment about the attractiveness or value of, or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, or about market movements, is incorrect or does not produce the desired results, or if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the models, tools and data used by the subadviser. In addition, the fund’s investment strategies or policies may change from time to time. Those changes may not lead to the results intended by the subadviser and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the fund.

Redemptions by affiliated funds and by other significant investors. The fund may be an investment option for other Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”) sponsored mutual funds and ETFs that are managed as “funds of funds,” unaffiliated mutual funds and ETFs and other investors with substantial investments in the fund. As a result, from time to time, the fund may experience relatively large redemptions and could be required to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.

Risk of investing in fewer issuers. To the extent the fund invests its assets in a small number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers.

Small and medium capitalization company risk. The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small and medium capitalization companies. Small and medium capitalization companies may fall out of favor with investors; may have limited product lines, operating histories, markets or financial resources; or may be dependent upon a limited management group. The prices of securities of small and medium capitalization companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions, including those experienced during a recession. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may have greater potential for losses.

Stock market and equity securities risk. The stock markets are volatile and the market prices of the fund’s equity securities may decline generally. Equity securities may have greater price volatility than other asset classes, such as fixed income securities, and may fluctuate in price based on actual or perceived changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions and perceptions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline.

Trading issues risk. Trading in shares of the fund on NASDAQ may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of NASDAQ, make trading in shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in shares on NASDAQ is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility

 

12    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


pursuant to NASDAQ’s “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of NASDAQ necessary to maintain the listing of the fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

Valuation risk. Many factors may influence the price at which the fund could sell any particular portfolio investment. The sales price may well differ—higher or lower—from the fund’s last valuation, and such differences could be significant, particularly for illiquid securities and securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments, the fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value methodologies. Valuation methodologies may be further impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing vendors or their personnel. Authorized Participants who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares, or lower or higher redemption proceeds, than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of foreign securities, certain fixed income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the markets in which they are traded, but before the fund determines its net asset value. The fund’s ability to value its investments may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers.

Volatility risk. The value of the securities or other assets in the fund’s portfolio may fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of a security or other asset may fluctuate due to factors affecting markets generally or particular industries. The value of a security may also be more volatile than the market as a whole. This volatility may affect the fund’s net asset value. Securities or other assets in the fund’s portfolio may be subject to price volatility and the prices may not be any less volatile than the market as a whole and could be more volatile. Events or financial circumstances affecting individual securities or sectors may increase the volatility of the fund.

Please note that there are other factors that could adversely affect your investment and that could prevent the fund from achieving its investment objective. More information about risks appears in the SAI. Before investing, you should carefully consider the risks that you will assume.

Portfolio holdings

On each business day, the fund will disclose on www.leggmason.com/etfproducts (click on the name of the fund) the identities and quantities of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other assets held by the fund that will form the basis for the fund’s calculation of its net asset value per share at the end of the business day. A description of the fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings is available in the SAI.

Tax advantaged product structure

Unlike many conventional mutual funds which are only bought and sold at closing NAVs, the shares of the fund have been designed to be created and redeemed principally in-kind (although under some circumstances its shares are created and redeemed partially for cash) in Creation Units at each day’s market close. These in-kind arrangements are designed to mitigate adverse effects on the fund’s portfolio that could arise from frequent cash purchase and redemption transactions that affect the NAV of the fund. Moreover, in contrast to conventional mutual funds, where frequent redemptions can have an adverse tax impact on taxable shareholders because of the need to sell portfolio securities—which, in turn, may generate taxable gain—the in-kind redemption mechanism of the fund, to the extent used, generally is not expected to lead to a tax event for shareholders whose shares are not being redeemed or sold.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   13


More on fund management

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “manager”) is the fund’s investment manager. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, also serves as the investment manager of other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the fund. As of September 30, 2018, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $185.9 billion.

ClearBridge Investments, LLC (“ClearBridge” or the “subadviser”) provides the day-to-day portfolio management of the fund, except for any portion of the fund’s cash and short-term instruments that is allocated to Western Asset Management Company, LLC (formerly known as Western Asset Management Company) (“Western Asset”). ClearBridge has offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018 and is an investment adviser that manages U.S. and international equity investment strategies for institutional and individual investors. ClearBridge has been committed to delivering long-term results through active management for more than 50 years, and bases its investment decisions on fundamental research and the insights of seasoned portfolio management teams. As of September 30, 2018, ClearBridge’s total assets under management (including assets under management for ClearBridge, LLC, an affiliate of ClearBridge) were approximately $147.9 billion, including $21.2 billion for which ClearBridge provides non-discretionary investment models to managed account sponsors.

Western Asset manages the portion of the fund’s cash and short-term instruments allocated to it. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101 and 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018. Western Asset acts as investment adviser to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of September 30, 2018, the total assets under management of Western Asset and its supervised affiliates were approximately $416.6 billion.

LMPFA, ClearBridge and Western Asset are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”). Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 International Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of September 30, 2018, Legg Mason’s asset management operations had aggregate assets under management of approximately $755.4 billion.

Portfolio managers

Evan Bauman, Peter Bourbeau, Richard A. Freeman and Margaret Vitrano have been portfolio managers for the fund since 2017. Mr. Bauman, Mr. Bourbeau, Mr. Freeman and Ms. Vitrano are primarily responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operation of the fund and have the ultimate authority to make portfolio decisions.

Mr. Freeman is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge. Mr. Freeman joined the subadviser or a predecessor organization in 1983 which included Shearson/American Express where he was a portfolio manager. Prior to that, he was a Vice President at Chemical Bank and Research Analyst at Drexel Burnham Lambert. Mr. Freeman has an MBA in Finance from New York University and a BS in Accounting from Brooklyn College/CUNY. He has 41 years of investment industry experience.

Mr. Bauman is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge. Mr. Bauman joined the subadviser or a predecessor organization in 1996. He has a BS in Mathematics from Duke University. Mr. Bauman has 21 years of investment industry experience.

Mr. Bourbeau is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge. He joined the subadviser in December 2005. Previously, Mr. Bourbeau was a Director of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”) and served as a Portfolio Manager at Smith Barney Asset Management. He joined CGMI’s predecessor in 1991. Mr. Bourbeau has 26 years of investment industry experience.

Ms. Vitrano is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager of ClearBridge. Previously, she was a Senior Research Analyst for Information Technology and Communications at ClearBridge from 2007 to 2012. Ms. Vitrano joined the subadviser in 2005. Prior to that, she was a Director of CGMI and a research analyst at Citigroup. She joined a ClearBridge predecessor organization in 2003. Ms. Vitrano has 21 years of investment industry experience.

The SAI provides information about the compensation of the portfolio managers, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and any fund shares held by the portfolio managers.

Management fee

Pursuant to the management agreement and subject to the general supervision of the Board, LMPFA provides or causes to be furnished all investment management, supervisory, administrative and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of the fund, including certain distribution services (provided pursuant to a separate distribution agreement) and investment advisory services (provided pursuant to separate subadvisory agreements) under a unitary fee structure. The fund is responsible for paying interest expenses, taxes, brokerage expenses, future 12b-1 fees (if any), acquired fund fees and expenses, extraordinary expenses and the management fee payable to LMPFA under the management agreement.

The fund pays management fees as follows:

 

Name of Fund   Management Fee
ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   0.53% of average daily net assets

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the fund paid LMPFA an effective management fee of 0.53% of the fund’s average daily net assets for management services.

 

14    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the fund’s management agreement and subadvisory agreements is available in the fund’s Annual Report for the period ended September 30, 2017.

Additional information

The fund enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including, among others, the fund’s investment manager and the subadvisers, who provide services to the fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third-party”) beneficiaries of, those contractual arrangements.

This Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the fund. The fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than rights conferred by federal or state securities laws.

Distribution

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”), 100 International Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as the distributor of Creation Units for the fund on an agency basis. LMIS does not maintain a secondary market in the fund’s shares. LMIS has no role in determining the fund’s policies or the securities that are purchased or sold by the fund.

The Board has adopted a distribution and service plan (“Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Under the Plan, the fund is authorized to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its shares and pay service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing services to shareholders of the fund and the maintenance of shareholder accounts in an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year. No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the fund, and there are no current plans to impose these fees.

Additional payments

Legg Mason or its affiliates make payments to broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks or other intermediaries (together, “intermediaries”) related to marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems, or their making shares of the fund available to their customers generally and in certain investment programs. Such payments, which may be significant to the intermediary, are not made by the fund. Rather, such payments are made by Legg Mason or its affiliates from their own resources, which come directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the fund. A financial intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it recommends or makes available, or the level of services provided, to its customers based on the payments it is eligible to receive. Therefore, such payments to an intermediary create conflicts of interest between the intermediary and its customers and may cause the intermediary to recommend the fund over another investment. More information regarding these payments is contained in the fund’s SAI. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her firm may receive from Legg Mason or its affiliates.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   15


Shareholder information

Additional shareholder information, including how to buy and sell shares of the fund, is available free of charge by calling toll-free: 1-877-721-1926 or visiting our website at www.leggmason.com/etfliterature.

Purchasing and selling shares

Shares of the fund may be acquired or redeemed directly from the fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof, as discussed in the “Creations and redemptions” section of this Prospectus. Only an Authorized Participant (as defined in the “Creations and redemptions” section) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the fund. Once created, shares of the fund generally trade in the secondary market in amounts less than a Creation Unit.

Shares of the fund are listed for trading on the secondary market on NASDAQ. Shares can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded shares. There is no minimum investment. Although shares are generally purchased and sold in “round lots” of 100 shares, brokerage firms typically permit investors to purchase or sell shares in smaller “odd lots” at no per-share price differential. The fund’s shares trade on NASDAQ as follows:

 

Name of Fund   Ticker Symbol
ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   CACG

Share prices are reported in dollars and cents per share

Buying or selling fund shares on an exchange or other secondary market involves two types of costs that may apply to all securities transactions. When buying or selling shares of the fund through a broker, you may incur a brokerage commission and other charges. The commission is frequently a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell small amounts of shares. In addition, you may incur the cost of the “spread,” that is, any difference between the bid price and the ask price. The spread varies over time for shares of the fund based on the fund’s trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the fund has high trading volume and market liquidity, and higher if the fund has little trading volume and market liquidity (which is often the case for funds that are newly launched or small in size). The fund’s spread may also be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying securities held by the fund, particularly for newly launched or smaller funds or in instances of significant volatility of the underlying securities.

Authorized Participants may acquire shares directly from the fund and may tender their shares for redemption directly to the fund, at net asset value per share only in Creation Units.

The fund’s primary listing exchange is NASDAQ. NASDAQ is open for trading Monday through Friday and is closed on weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the fund beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in SEC rules or in an SEC exemptive order issued to the fund. In order for a registered investment company to invest in shares of the fund beyond the limitations of Section 12(d)(1) pursuant to the exemptive relief obtained by the fund, the registered investment company (outside the Legg Mason fund family) must enter into an agreement with the fund.

Frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares

The Board has evaluated the risks of frequent purchases and redemptions of fund shares (“market timing”) activities by the fund’s shareholders. The Board noted that the fund’s shares can only be purchased and redeemed directly from the fund in Creation Units by Authorized Participants and that the vast majority of trading in the fund’s shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not involve the fund directly, it is unlikely those trades would cause many of the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the fund’s trading costs and the realization of capital gains.

With respect to trades directly with the fund, to the extent effected in-kind, those trades do not cause any of the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent that the fund permits or requires trades to be effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to the fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact the fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. However, the Board noted that direct trading by Authorized Participants is critical to ensuring that the fund’s shares trade at or close to net asset value. The fund also employs fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing. The fund imposes transaction fees on in-kind purchases and redemptions of fund shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the fund in effecting in-kind trades. These fees may increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that the fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to apply policies and procedures to the fund to detect and deter market timing.

 

16    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Book entry

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding shares of the fund and is recognized as the owner of all shares for all purposes.

Investors owning shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other stocks that you hold in book entry or “street name” form.

Fund share trading prices

The trading prices of the fund’s shares in the secondary market generally differ from the fund’s daily net asset value and are affected by market forces such as the supply of and demand for ETF shares and underlying securities held by the fund, economic conditions and other factors. Information regarding the intraday value of shares of the fund, also known as the “intra-day indicative value” (“IIV”), is disseminated every 15 seconds throughout each trading day by the national securities exchange on which the fund’s shares are listed or by market data vendors or other information providers. The IIV is based on the current market value of the securities and/or cash required to be deposited in exchange for a Creation Unit but does not include a reduction for the fees, operating expenses or transaction costs incurred by the fund. The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the fund’s net asset value, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers and other market intermediaries that may trade in the portfolio securities held by the fund. The quotations of certain fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States and thus may not reflect the current fair value of those securities. The fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the IIV nor makes any representation or warranty as to its accuracy.

Calculation of net asset value

The fund’s net asset value per share is the value of its assets minus its liabilities divided by the number of shares outstanding.

The fund calculates its net asset value every day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open. The fund generally values its securities and other assets and calculates its net asset value as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, normally at 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time). If the NYSE closes at a time other than the scheduled closing time, the fund will calculate its net asset value as of the scheduled closing time. The NYSE is closed on certain holidays listed in the SAI.

Valuation of the fund’s securities and other assets is performed in accordance with procedures approved by the Board. These procedures delegate most valuation functions to the manager, which generally uses independent third party pricing services approved by the Board. Under the procedures, assets are valued as follows:

 

 

Equity securities and certain derivative instruments that are traded on an exchange are valued at the closing price (which may be reported at a different time than the time at which the fund’s NAV is calculated) or, if that price is unavailable or deemed by the manager not representative of market value, the last sale price. Where a security is traded on more than one exchange (as is often the case overseas), the security is generally valued at the price on the exchange considered by the manager to be the primary exchange. In the case of securities not traded on an exchange, or if exchange prices are not otherwise available, the prices are typically determined by independent third party pricing services that use a variety of techniques and methodologies.

 

 

The valuations for fixed income securities and certain derivative instruments are typically the prices supplied by independent third party pricing services, which may use market prices or broker/dealer quotations or a variety of fair valuation techniques and methodologies.

 

 

The valuations of securities traded on foreign markets and certain fixed income securities will generally be based on prices determined as of the earlier closing time of the markets on which they primarily trade, unless a significant event has occurred. When the fund holds securities or other assets that are denominated in a foreign currency, the fund will use the currency exchange rates, generally determined as of 4:00 p.m. (London time). Foreign markets are open for trading on weekends and other days when the fund does not price its shares. Therefore, the value of the fund’s shares may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or sell the fund’s shares.

 

 

Investments in ETFs and closed-end funds listed on an exchange are valued at the closing sale or official closing price on that exchange. Investments in open-end funds other than ETFs are valued at the NAV per share of the class of the underlying fund held by the fund as determined on each business day.

 

 

If independent third party pricing services are unable to supply prices for a portfolio investment, or if the prices supplied are deemed by the manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined by the manager using quotations from one or more broker/dealers. When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the manager believes that they are unreliable, the manager may price securities using fair value procedures approved by the Board. These procedures permit, among other things, the use of a formula or other method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments to determine fair value. Fair value of a security is the amount, as determined by the manager in good faith, that the fund might reasonably expect to receive upon a current sale of the security. The fund may also

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   17


 

use fair value procedures if the manager determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the fund’s net asset value is calculated.

Many factors may influence the price at which the fund could sell any particular portfolio investment. The sales price may well differ—higher or lower—from the fund’s last valuation, and such differences could be significant, particularly for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility. Moreover, valuing securities using fair value methodologies involves greater reliance on judgment than valuing securities based on market quotations. A fund that uses fair value methodologies may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a fund could obtain the value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the fund determines its net asset value.

 

18    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Dividends, other distributions and taxes

Dividends and other distributions

The fund generally pays dividends and distributes capital gain, if any, once in December and at such other times as are necessary. The fund may pay additional distributions and dividends in order to avoid a federal tax.

Dividends and other distributions on shares of the fund are distributed on a pro rata basis to beneficial owners of such shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners then of record with proceeds received from the fund.

The Board reserves the right to revise the dividend policy or postpone the payment of dividends if warranted in the Board’s judgment due to unusual circumstances.

Reinvestment of distributions

Distributions are paid by the fund in cash. No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the fund. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of the fund for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the fund purchased in the secondary market.

Taxes

The following discussion is very general, applies only to shareholders who are U.S. persons, and does not address shareholders subject to special rules, such as those who hold fund shares through an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged account. Except as specifically noted, the discussion is limited to federal income tax matters, and does not address state, local, foreign or non-income taxes. Further information regarding taxes, including certain federal income tax considerations relevant to non-U.S. persons, is included in the SAI. Because each shareholder’s circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax adviser about federal, state, local and/or foreign tax considerations that may be relevant to your particular situation.

Taxes on distributions

In general, dividends and distributions are all taxable events. Distributions of investment income that the fund reports as “qualified dividend income” may be eligible to be taxed to noncorporate shareholders at the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gain if certain requirements are satisfied. Distributions of net capital gain reported by the fund as capital gain dividends are taxable to you as long-term capital gain regardless of how long you have owned your shares. Noncorporate shareholders ordinarily pay tax at reduced rates on long-term capital gain. Substitute payments received on fund shares that are lent out will be ineligible for being reported as qualified dividend income and for other potentially beneficial tax treatment.

You may want to avoid buying shares when the fund is about to declare a dividend or capital gain distribution because it will be taxable to you even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.

A Medicare contribution tax is imposed at the rate of 3.8% on the net investment income of U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds, and on undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends and capital gain distributions paid by the fund and gain on the redemption or exchange of fund shares.

A dividend declared by the fund in October, November or December and paid during January of the following year will, in certain circumstances, be treated as paid in December for tax purposes.

Interest received by the fund with respect to non-U.S. securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by non-U.S. countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If more than 50% of the total assets of the fund at the close of a year consists of securities of non-U.S. corporations, the fund may “pass through” to you certain non-U.S. income taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by the fund. This means that you would be considered to have received as an additional dividend your share of such non-U.S. taxes, but you may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating your U.S. federal taxable income, or, subject to certain limitations, a credit in calculating your U.S. federal income tax.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a non-U.S. entity, the fund’s ordinary income dividends (which include distributions of net short-term capital gains) will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies.

A 30% withholding tax is currently imposed on U.S.-source dividends, interest and other income items and will be imposed on proceeds from the sale of property producing U.S.-source dividends and interest paid after December 31, 2018, to (i) foreign financial institutions, including non-U.S. investment funds, unless they agree to collect and disclose to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. account holders and (ii) certain other foreign entities, unless they certify certain information regarding their direct and indirect U.S. owners. To avoid withholding, foreign financial institutions will need to (i) enter into agreements with the IRS that state that they will provide the IRS information, including the names, addresses and taxpayer identification numbers of direct and indirect U.S. account holders; comply with due

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   19


diligence procedures with respect to the identification of U.S. accounts; report to the IRS certain information with respect to U.S. accounts maintained, agree to withhold tax on certain payments made to non-compliant foreign financial institutions or to account holders who fail to provide the required information; and determine certain other information concerning their account holders, or (ii) in the event that an applicable intergovernmental agreement and implementing legislation are adopted, provide local revenue authorities with similar account holder information. Other foreign entities may need to report the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner or provide certifications of no substantial U.S. ownership, unless certain exceptions apply.

If you are a resident or a citizen of the United States, by law, back-up withholding will apply to your distributions and proceeds if you have not provided a taxpayer identification number or social security number and made other required certifications.

Taxes when shares are sold

Capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of fund shares is generally treated as a long-term gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of fund shares held for one year or less is generally treated as short-term gain or loss, except that any capital loss on the sale of shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid with respect to such shares. Any such capital gains, including from sales of fund shares or from capital gain dividends, are included in “net investment income” for purposes of the 3.8% U.S. federal Medicare contribution tax mentioned above.

 

20    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Creations and redemptions

Prior to trading in the secondary market, shares of the fund are “created” at NAV by market makers, large investors and institutions only in block-size Creation Units or multiples thereof. The following table sets forth the number of shares of the fund that constitute a Creation Unit:

 

Fund   Creation unit size
ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   50,000

Each “creator” or “Authorized Participant” enters into an authorized participant agreement with LMIS, the fund’s distributor. Only an Authorized Participant may create or redeem Creation Units directly with the fund.

A creation transaction, which is subject to acceptance by LMIS, generally takes place when an Authorized Participant deposits into the fund a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) and a specified amount of cash approximating the holdings of the fund in exchange for a specified number of Creation Units (a “Creation Basket”). Except in limited circumstances, the composition of such portfolio will correspond pro rata to the positions in the fund’s portfolio.

Similarly, shares can be redeemed only in Creation Units, generally for a designated portfolio of securities (including any portion of such securities for which cash may be substituted) held by the fund (“Fund Securities”) and a specified amount of cash. Except in limited circumstances, the composition of such portfolio will correspond pro rata to the positions in the fund’s portfolio. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares are not redeemable by the fund.

The prices at which creations and redemptions occur are based on the next calculation of net asset value after a creation or redemption order is received in an acceptable form under the authorized participant agreement.

In the event of a system failure or other interruption, including disruptions at market makers or Authorized Participants, orders to purchase or redeem Creation Units either may not be executed according to the fund’s instructions or may not be executed at all, or the fund may not be able to place or change orders.

To the extent the fund engages in in-kind transactions, the fund intends to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions with redemption securities by, among other means, assuring that any securities accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”). Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

Information about the procedures regarding creation and redemption of Creation Units (including the cut-off times for receipt of creation and redemption orders) is included in the fund’s SAI.

Because new shares may be created and issued on an ongoing basis, at any point during the life of the fund a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may be occurring. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the 1933 Act. Any determination of whether one is an underwriter must take into account all the relevant facts and circumstances of each particular case.

Broker-dealers should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary transactions), and thus dealing with shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act. For delivery of prospectuses to exchange members, the prospectus delivery mechanism of Rule 153 under the 1933 Act is available only with respect to transactions on a national securities exchange.

Costs associated with creations and redemptions. Authorized Participants are charged standard creation and redemption transaction fees to offset transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance and redemption of Creation Units. The standard creation and redemption transaction fees are set forth in the table below. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. Similarly, the standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by the Authorized Participant on the applicable business day. Creations and redemptions for cash (when cash creations and redemptions (in whole or in part) are available or specified) are also subject to an additional charge (up to the maximum amounts shown in the table below). This charge is intended to compensate for brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to cash transactions. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire or dispose of fund shares may pay fees for such services.

The following table shows, as of September 30, 2018 the approximate value of one Creation Unit of the fund, standard fees and maximum additional charges for creations and redemptions (as described above):

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   21


      Approximate
Value of a
Creation Unit ($)
   Creation
Unit Size
   Standard
Creation/
Redemption
Transaction
Fee ($)
   Maximum
Additional
Charge for
Creations* (%)
   Maximum
Additional Charge
for
Redemptions* (%)
ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF    1,570,000    50,000    350.00    2.0    2.0

 

*

As a percentage of the NAV per Creation Unit, inclusive, in the case of redemptions, of the standard redemption transaction fee.

 

22    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


Financial highlights

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the performance of the fund for the past five years, unless otherwise noted. Total return represents the rate that a shareholder would have earned (or lost) on a fund share assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. The information below, for fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 or later, has been audited by the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the fund’s financial statements, is incorporated by reference into the fund’s SAI (see back cover) and is included in the fund’s annual report. The information for the years prior to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 was audited by another independent registered public accounting firm. The fund’s annual report is available upon request by calling toll-free 1-877-721-1926.

 

For a share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout each year ended September 30,

unless otherwise noted:

 
        20181        20171,2  
Net asset value, beginning of year        $26.16          $24.84  
Income from operations:          

Net investment income

       0.17          0.06  

Net realized and unrealized gain

       5.13          1.26  

Total income from operations

       5.30          1.32  
Less distributions from:          

Net investment income

       (0.07)           

Total distributions

       (0.07)           
Net asset value, end of year        $31.39          $26.16  

Total return, based on NAV3

       20.28        5.31
Net assets, end of year (000s)        $64,356          $36,627  
Ratios to average net assets:          

Gross expenses

       0.53        0.53 %4 

Net expenses

       0.53          0.53 4  

Net investment income

       0.59          0.62 4  
     
Portfolio turnover rate5        15        2

 

1 

Per share amounts have been calculated using the average shares method.

 

2 

For the period May 3, 2017 (inception date) to September 30, 2017.

 

3 

Performance figures may reflect fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements. In the absence of fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements, the total return would have been lower. The total return calculation assumes that distributions are reinvested at NAV. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Total returns for periods of less than one year are not annualized.

 

4 

Annualized.

 

5 

Portfolio turnover excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind fund share transactions.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   23


Prior performance of similar accounts

The performance set forth below does not represent the performance of the fund and is not indicative of the funds future performance.

The subadviser has managed a series of accounts with investment objectives, strategies and policies substantially similar to the investment objective, strategies and policies of the fund since July 1996 (the “Composite”). The Composite consists of discretionary wrap accounts with an account minimum of $25,000 (prior to June 2008 the minimum was $5,000). Accounts within the Composite seek long-term capital appreciation by investing in a mix of large, mid and small capitalization stocks believed to have substantial growth potential.

The investment performance of the Composite is summarized below. Richard A. Freeman has been a portfolio manager of each account in the Composite since its inception. Peter Bourbeau and Evan Bauman have been portfolio managers of each account in the Composite since 2003. Margaret Vitrano has been a portfolio manager of each account in the Composite since 2012. The accounts in the Composite consist of all of the accounts and funds advised and subadvised by the subadviser with investment objectives, strategies and policies substantially similar to the investment objective, strategies and policies of the fund. The accounts in the Composite are not registered investment companies and as such are not subject to certain limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to which the fund, as a registered investment company, is subject. If such accounts were subject to all the requirements and limitations applicable to the fund, the Composite’s performance might have been adversely affected.

The performance of the Composite is compared against the Russell 3000 Growth Index, the Composite’s and the fund’s benchmark. The Russell 3000 Growth Index measures the performance of those Russell 3000 Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.

The performance returns prior to January 2006 represent a composite of accounts which historically represented an overwhelming majority of the strategy’s retail assets under management. These returns were calculated on an equal weighted basis, where each portfolio contributed an equal weight to the resulting composite return for the period. As such, the historical performance returns prior to January 2006 were calculated in a manner different from the requirements of GIPS used to calculate returns from January 2006 forward and are presented as information non-compliant with GIPS standards.

In addition, prior to January 2012, the monthly calculation of the Composite’s performance excludes accounts that had a positive or negative cash flow of 10% or more in such month. As of January 2012, this limitation was eliminated. As of March 2013, new accounts entered the Composite during their first full month under management. For prior periods, new accounts entered the Composite during their third full month under management. The returns shown below reflect reinvestment of dividends and other earnings.

 

The Composite

The performance set forth herein does not represent the performance of the fund and is not indicative of the fund’s future performance.

 

Calendar Year Returns   Performance
Net of
Fees (%)
  Performance
“Pure”
Gross of
Fees (%)*
  Russell 3000®
Growth
Index (%)
2018   (5.62)%   (2.77)%   (2.12)%
2017   20.21%   23.76%   29.59%
2016   5.86%   9.03%   7.39%
2015   1.54%   4.59%   5.09%
2014   11.84%   15.16%   12.44%
2013   37.34%   41.36%   34.23%
2012   18.42%   21.93%   15.21%
2011   (3.49)%   (0.58)%   2.18%
2010   15.16%   18.58%   17.64%
2009   38.13%   42.17%   37.01%
2008   (41.32)%   (39.47)%   (38.44)%
2007   1.81%   4.87%   11.10%
2006   7.15%   10.35%   9.46%
2005   6.03%   9.20%   5.17%
2004   4.74%   7.87%   6.93%
2003   34.80%   38.75%   30.97%
2002   (27.47)%   (25.10)%   (28.03)%
2001   (8.79)%   (5.97)%   (19.63)%
2000   13.99%   17.30%   (22.42)%
1999   44.11%   48.07%   33.83%
1998   28.15%   31.80%   35.02%
1997   20.72%   24.19%   28.74%
1996**   5.26%   6.82%   8.77%
Average Annual Total Returns as of 12/31/18
1 Year   (5.62)%   (2.77)%   (2.12)%
3 Year   6.30%   9.47%   10.85%
5 Year   6.40%   9.58%   9.99%

 

24    ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF


The Composite
10 Year    13.04%   16.40%   15.15%
Since Inception (07/1996)    8.11%   11.32%   7.55%

 

 

Net of fees Composite returns are calculated by reducing each monthly composite “pure” gross rate of return by the highest “bundled” fee charged (3.00%) annually, prorated to a monthly ratio. The “bundled” fee includes transaction costs, investment management, custodial, and other administrative fees.

*“

Pure” Gross of fee performance does not reflect deductions of any expenses, including transaction costs.

**

For the period July 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996.

The subadviser also began managing a series of institutional accounts in July 2015 that have a similar investment strategy, but different fee structure, to the Composite (the “Institutional Accounts”). The Institutional Accounts, like the accounts included in the Composite, seek long-term capital appreciation by investing in a mix of large, mid and small capitalization stocks believed to have substantial growth potential. Evan Bauman, Peter Bourbeau, Richard A. Freeman and Margaret Vitrano have each been a portfolio manager of the Institutional Accounts since the date he or she became a portfolio manager of the accounts in the Composite. The Institutional Accounts consist of all of the institutional accounts advised and subadvised by the subadviser since July 2015 with investment objectives, strategies and policies substantially similar to the investment objective, strategies and policies of the fund. The Institutional Accounts are not registered investment companies and as such are not subject to certain limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, to which the fund, as a registered investment company, is subject. If such accounts were subject to all the requirements and limitations applicable to the fund, their performance might have been adversely affected. Performance is compared against the Russell 3000 Growth Index, the benchmark of the fund and Institutional Accounts. The returns shown below reflect the deduction of all trading expenses and the reinvestment of dividends and other earnings.

 

The Institutional Accounts  

The performance set forth herein does not represent the performance of the fund and is not indicative of the fund’s future performance.

 

 

Period    Performance
Net of
Fees (%)
    Performance
Gross of
Fees (%)*
    Russell 3000®
Growth
Index (%)
 
January 1, 2018 – December 31, 2018      (3.10)%       (2.37)%       (2.12)%  
January 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017      22.16%       23.06%       29.59%  
January 1, 2016 – December 31, 2016      8.77%       9.58%       7.39%  
July – December 2015      0.74%       1.12%       0.73%  
Average Annual Total Returns as of 12/31/18                         
1 Year      (3.10)%       (2.37)%       (2.12)%  
3 Years      8.79%       9.60%       10.85%  
Since Inception (07/2015)      7.71%       8.52%       9.46%  

 

 

Net of fee returns are calculated using model investment advisory fees and are derived by deducting 1/12th of the maximum fixed fee rate in effect for the respective time period from the gross monthly composite return. Model investment advisory fees do not reflect a deduction for transfer fees, exchange or similar fees, custody fees, fees charged by other service providers, such as consultants, and other similar fees. If these fees were deducted the returns shown would be lower.

*

Gross of fee returns do not reflect the deduction of investment advisory fees or any other expenses that may be incurred in the management of the Institutional Accounts, but do reflect the deduction of transaction costs.

The performance of the fund may be better or worse than the performance of the Composite and the Institutional Accounts shown above due to, among other things, differences in portfolio holdings, expenses, asset sizes and cash flows between the fund and the accounts illustrated above. If the performance had been so adjusted, returns would have been lower than those shown. Investors should not rely on the performance of the Composite or the Institutional Accounts as an indication of future performance of the fund. The performance set forth above does not represent the performance of the fund is not indicative of the fund’s future performance.

Performance for the Composite and the Institutional Accounts has been calculated in a manner that differs from the performance calculations the SEC requires for registered funds. The returns from January 2006 forward are calculated in compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (“GIPS®”) on a trade date basis, and include accrued income and capital gains. The above performance data are provided solely to illustrate the subadviser’s experience in managing an investment strategy substantially similar to that of the fund. Investors should not rely on this information as an indication of actual or future performance of the fund. The data presented above represent past performance and do not guarantee future results. Performance results fluctuate, and there can be no assurance that objectives will always be achieved. Other methods of computing returns may produce different results, and the results for different periods will vary. Investors’ principal may be at risk under market conditions. The value of an investment upon withdrawal may be worth more or less than its original cost.

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF   25


Legg Mason Equity

ETFs

 

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF

You may visit www.leggmason.com/etfliterature for a free copy of a Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) or an Annual or Semi-Annual Report.

Shareholder reports Additional information about the fund’s investments is available in the fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders. In the fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. The independent registered public accounting firm’s report and financial statements in the fund’s Annual Report are incorporated by reference into (are legally a part of) this Prospectus.

The fund sends only one report to a household if more than one account has the same last name and same address. Contact your Service Agent or the fund if you do not want this policy to apply to you.

Statement of additional information The SAI provides more detailed information about the fund and is incorporated by reference into (is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

You can make inquiries about the fund or obtain shareholder reports or the SAI (without charge) by contacting your Service Agent, by calling the fund at 1-877-721-1926, or by writing to the fund at 100 First Stamford Place, Attn: Shareholder Services – 5th Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06902.

Reports and other information about the fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained for a duplicating fee by electronic request at the following E-mail address: [email protected].

If someone makes a statement about the fund that is not in this Prospectus, you should not rely upon that information. Neither the fund nor the distributor is offering to sell shares of the fund to any person to whom the fund may not lawfully sell its shares.

 

(Investment Company Act

file no. 811-23096)

ETFF362661ST 02/19


February 1, 2019

LEGG MASON ETF INVESTMENT TRUST

 

Fund

 

  Exchange   Ticker Symbol

 

CLEARBRIDGE ALL CAP GROWTH ETF

  NASDAQ   CACG

(the “Fund”)

 

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, New York 10018

1-877-721-1926

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and is meant to be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Fund, dated February 1, 2019, as amended or supplemented from time to time, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus.

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The annual report contains financial statements that are incorporated herein by reference. The Fund’s Prospectus and copies of the annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained free of charge by writing the Fund at 100 First Stamford Place, Attn: Shareholder Services—5th Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06902, by calling the telephone number set forth above, by sending an e-mail request to [email protected] or by visiting www.leggmason.com/etfliterature. Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (the “Distributor”), a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”), serves as the Fund’s sole and exclusive distributor. The Fund only issues or redeems shares that have been aggregated into blocks of shares, called Creation Units, to authorized participants who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s distributor. The following table sets forth the number of shares that constitute a Creation Unit for the Fund:

 

Creation Unit Size

 

50,000

THIS SAI IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ONLY IF PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY AN EFFECTIVE PROSPECTUS.

No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations not contained in the Prospectus or this SAI in connection with the offering made by the Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Fund or the Distributor. The Prospectus and this SAI do not constitute an offering by the Fund or by the Distributor in any jurisdiction in which such offering may not lawfully be made.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS      1  
INVESTMENT POLICIES      3  

Investment Objective and Strategies

     3  

Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies—General

     3  

Fundamental Investment Policies

     3  

Diversification

     6  

Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

     6  

Commodity Exchange Act Regulation—Exclusion from Commodity Pool Operator Definition

     6  
INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISK FACTORS      6  
MANAGEMENT      23  

Trustees and Officers

     23  

Qualifications of Trustees, Board Leadership Structure and Oversight and Standing Committees

     27  

Trustee Ownership of Securities

     29  

Trustee Compensation

     30  
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDER INFORMATION      31  

Manager

     31  

Subadviser

     32  

Expenses

     33  

Portfolio Managers

     33  

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

     33  

Potential Conflicts of Interest

     35  

Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure

     35  

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

     36  

Custodian and Transfer Agent

     37  

Fund Counsel

     37  

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     37  
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING      37  
CONTINUOUS OFFERING      38  
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM      39  
CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS      40  

Fund Deposit

     40  

Procedures for Creating Creation Units

     41  

Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process

     42  

Acceptance of Creation Orders

     42  

Creation Transaction Fee

     42  

Redemption of Creation Units

     43  

Redemption Transaction Fee

     44  

Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process

     44  
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE      44  
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE      45  

Portfolio Transactions

     45  

Brokerage and Research Services

     45  

Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid

     46  

Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers

     46  

Portfolio Turnover

     46  
SHARE OWNERSHIP      47  

Principal Shareholders

     47  
DISTRIBUTOR      48  
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES      49  
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS      50  
THE TRUST      50  
TAXES      53  
CODES OF ETHICS      64  


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS      64  
APPENDIX A—PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES      A-1  


GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Because the following is a combined glossary of terms used for all the Legg Mason Funds, certain terms below may not apply to your fund. Any terms used but not defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the applicable Fund’s prospectus.

“1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“1940 Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

“1940 Act Vote” means the vote of the lesser of (a) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund or (b) 67% or more of the shares of the Fund present at a shareholders’ meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.

“Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

“Authorized Participant” means broker-dealers that are permitted to create and redeem shares directly with the Fund and who have investors who have entered into agreements with the Fund’s Distributor.

“Board” means the Board of Trustees.

“Cash Component” means a deposit of a specified cash payment that is exchanged (with Deposit Securities, if any) for Creation Units of the Fund.

“CEA” means the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended.

“CFTC” means the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Creation Units” means aggregations of a specified number of shares by which the Fund offers and issues.

“Deposit Securities” means the basket of securities and/or instruments exchanged (with the Cash Component, if any) for Creation Units of the Fund.

“Distributor” means the party that is responsible for the distribution or sale of the Fund’s shares. Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”) is the Fund’s distributor.

“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company, which is a limited-purpose trust company, which was created to hold securities of participants of DTC (“DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates.

“Exchange” means the applicable exchange on which shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the secondary market as indicated on the front cover of this SAI.

“FINRA” means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

“Fund” means the Fund or Funds listed on the cover of this SAI unless stated otherwise.

 

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“Fund Deposit” means the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund and consists of the Deposit Securities and Cash Component.

“Fundamental Investment Policy” means an investment policy of the Fund that may be changed only by a 1940 Act Vote. Only those policies expressly designated as such are fundamental investment policies. All other policies and restrictions may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

“Independent Trustee” means a Trustee of the Trust who is not an “interested person” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust.

“IRAs” means Individual Retirement Accounts.

“IRS” means Internal Revenue Service.

“IIV” means the Fund’s intra-day indicative value.

“Legg Mason” means Legg Mason, Inc.

“Legg Mason Funds” means the funds managed by Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC or an affiliate.

“Manager” or “LMPFA” means Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC.

“NAV” means net asset value.

“NASDAQ” means NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC.

“NRSROs” means nationally recognized (or non-U.S.) statistical rating organizations, including, but not limited to, Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), Fitch Ratings and S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”).

“NSCC” means the National Securities Clearing Corporation.

“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.

“Plan” means the distribution and service plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act.

“Prospectus” means the prospectus of a Fund as referenced on the cover page of this SAI.

“Redemption Securities” means the securities that will be delivered in an in-kind transfer in a redemption.

“SAI” means this Statement of Additional Information.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Subadviser” means ClearBridge Investments, LLC and Western Asset Management Company, LLC, as applicable, and as referred to in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI.

“Transmittal Date” the date on which an order to create Creation Units or an order to redeem Creation Units is placed.

“Trust” means Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust.

“Trustees” means the trustees of the Trust.

 

2


INVESTMENT POLICIES

Investment Objective and Strategies

The Fund is registered under the 1940 Act, as an open-end management investment company. The Fund’s Prospectus discusses the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. The following is a summary of certain strategies and investment limitations of the Fund and supplements the description of the Fund’s investment strategies in its Prospectus. Additional information regarding investments practices and risk factors with respect to the Fund may also be found below in the section entitled Investment Practices and Risk Factors.

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF

 

 

Investment objective. The Fund seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

The Fund is an actively managed ETF.

 

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its net assets (at the time of investment) in equity securities of foreign issuers, either directly or through depositary receipts.

 

The Fund is authorized to borrow money in an amount up to 10% of its total assets for temporary or emergency purposes.

Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

General

The Fund has adopted the fundamental and non-fundamental investment policies below for the protection of shareholders. Fundamental investment policies of the Fund may not be changed without a 1940 Act Vote. The Board may change non-fundamental investment policies at any time without shareholder approval and upon notice to shareholders.

If any percentage restriction described below (other than the limitation on borrowing) is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from a change in asset values or characteristics will not constitute a violation of such restriction, unless otherwise noted below.

The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental.

Fundamental Investment Policies

The Fund’s fundamental investment policies are as follows:

Borrowing. The Fund may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

Underwriting. The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

Lending. The Fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

Senior Securities. The Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

Real Estate. The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

Commodities. The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

 

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Concentration. The Fund will not invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry, except as permitted by exemptive relief or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. (A fund’s total assets include the amounts being borrowed.) To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires a fund to maintain an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings, provided that in the event that the fund’s asset coverage falls below 300%, the fund is required to reduce the amount of its borrowings so that it meets the 300% asset coverage threshold within three days (not including Sundays and holidays). Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of a fund’s total assets (including amounts borrowed), minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowings, and thus subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Fund’s net investment income in any given period. Currently, the Fund does not have any intention of borrowing money for leverage. The policy above will be interpreted to permit the Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund’s investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act. Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause the Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) While lending securities may be a source of income to the Fund, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the Fund’s Subadviser believes the income justifies the attendant risks. The Fund also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. The Fund would have to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC to make loans to other funds. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.

 

4


With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth above, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities, except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the Fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased to the extent of the Fund’s gross assets. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate; however, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. If the Fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the Fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country, however, the Trust understands that the SEC staff considers securities issued by a foreign government to be in a single industry for purposes of calculating applicable limits on concentration. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries or groups of industries.

The Fund’s fundamental policies will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

 

5


Diversification

The Fund is currently classified as a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. This means that the Fund may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer or (b) the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, the Fund can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund cannot change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.

Non-Fundamental Investment Policies

The Fund’s non-fundamental investment policies are as follows:

 

 

The Fund may not invest in other registered open-end management investment companies and registered unit investment trusts in reliance upon the provisions of subparagraphs (G) or (F) of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. The foregoing investment policy does not restrict the Fund from (i) acquiring securities of other registered investment companies in connection with a merger, consolidation, reorganization, or acquisition of assets, or (ii) purchasing the securities of registered investment companies, to the extent otherwise permissible under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act.

 

The Fund may not purchase or otherwise acquire any security if immediately after the acquisition the value of illiquid securities held by the Fund would exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets. The Fund monitors the portion of the Fund’s total assets that is invested in illiquid securities on an ongoing basis, not only at the time of investment in such securities.

Commodity Exchange Act Regulation- Exclusion from Commodity Pool Operator Definition

The Fund is operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion, granted to operators of registered investment companies like the Fund, from registration as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund under the CEA and, therefore are not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund under the CEA. As a result, the Fund is limited in its ability to trade instruments subject to the CFTC’s jurisdiction, including commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes, interest rate futures and currency futures), options on commodity futures, and certain swaps or other investments, either directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles (collectively, “Commodity Interests”).

Under this exclusion, the Fund must satisfy one of the following two trading limitations whenever it establishes a new Commodity Interest position: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Fund’s Commodity Interest positions does not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of the Fund’s Commodity Interests, determined at the time the most recent position was established, does not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Fund’s portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). The Fund is not required to consider its exposure to such instruments if they are held for “bona fide hedging” purposes, as such term is defined in the rules of the CFTC. In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not be marketed as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the markets for Commodity Interests.

If the Fund’s operators were to lose their ability to claim this exclusion with respect to the Fund, such persons would be required to comply with certain CFTC rules regarding commodity pools that could impose additional regulatory requirements and compliance obligations.

INVESTMENT PRACTICES AND RISK FACTORS

In addition to the investment strategies and the risks described in the Fund’s Prospectus and in this SAI under Investment Objective and Strategies, the Fund may employ other investment practices and may be subject to other risks, which are described below. The Fund may engage in the practices described below to the extent consistent with its investment objectives, strategies, policies and restrictions. However, as with any investment or investment technique, even when the Fund’s Prospectus or this discussion indicates that the Fund may engage in an activity, the Fund may not actually do so for a variety of reasons. In addition, new types of instruments and other securities may be developed and marketed from time to time. Consistent with its investment limitations, the Fund expects to invest in those new types of securities and instruments that its portfolio manager believes may assist the Fund in achieving its investment objective.

 

6


This discussion is not intended to limit the Fund’s investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by the Fund as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what the Fund may do are not intended to limit any other activity.

Bank Obligations

The Fund may invest in all types of bank obligations, including certificates of deposit (“CDs”), time deposits and bankers’ acceptances. CDs are short-term negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers usually in connection with international transactions.

U.S. commercial banks organized under federal law are supervised and examined by the Comptroller of the Currency and are required to be members of the Federal Reserve System and to be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). U.S. banks organized under state law are supervised and examined by state banking authorities, but are members of the Federal Reserve System only if they elect to join. Most state banks are insured by the FDIC (although such insurance may not be of material benefit to the Fund, depending upon the principal amount of CDs of each bank held by the Fund) and are subject to federal examination and to a substantial body of federal law and regulation. As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, U.S. branches of U.S. banks are, among other things, generally required to maintain specified levels of reserves, and are subject to other supervision and regulation designed to promote financial soundness. Banks may be particularly susceptible to certain economic factors, such as interest rate changes and adverse developments in the market for real estate. Fiscal and monetary policy and general economic cycles can affect the availability and cost of funds, loan demand and asset quality and thereby impact the earnings and financial conditions of banks.

Obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks, such as CDs and time deposits, may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and governmental regulation. Such obligations are subject to different risks than are those of U.S. banks or U.S. branches of foreign banks. These risks relate to foreign economic and political developments, foreign governmental restrictions that may adversely affect payment of principal and interest on the obligations, foreign exchange controls and foreign withholding and other taxes on interest income. Foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign branches of foreign banks are not necessarily subject to the same or similar regulatory requirements that apply to U.S. banks, such as mandatory reserve requirements, loan limitations and accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements. In addition, less information may be publicly available about a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or about a foreign bank than about a U.S. bank.

Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may be general obligations of the parent bank, in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by federal and state regulation as well as governmental action in the country in which the foreign bank has its head office. A U.S. branch of a foreign bank with assets in excess of $1 billion may or may not be subject to reserve requirements imposed by the Federal Reserve System or by the state in which the branch is located if the branch is licensed in that state. In addition, branches licensed by the Comptroller of the Currency and branches licensed by certain states (“State Branches”) may or may not be required to: (a) pledge to the regulator, by depositing assets with a designated bank within the state; and (b) maintain assets within the state in an amount equal to a specified percentage of the aggregate amount of liabilities of the foreign bank payable at or through all of its agencies or branches within the state. The deposits of State Branches may not necessarily be insured by the FDIC. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a U.S. branch of a foreign bank than about a U.S. bank.

Commercial Paper

Commercial paper (including variable amount master demand notes and funding agreements) consists of short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations, partnerships, trusts and other entities to finance short-term credit needs.

Common Stock

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity securities. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so.

 

7


Convertible Securities

Convertible securities are fixed income securities (usually debt or preferred stock) that may be converted or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other equity securities of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion or exchange, convertible securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower than the yield of nonconvertible debt. However, there can be no assurance of current income because the issuers of the convertible securities may default on their obligations. Convertible securities are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible debt or preferred stock, but rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure.

The value of a convertible security is generally related to (1) its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and/or (2) its worth, at market value, if converted or exchanged into the underlying common stock. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument, which may be less than the ultimate conversion or exchange value.

Convertible securities are subject both to the stock market risk associated with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks associated with fixed income securities. As the market price of the equity security underlying a convertible security falls, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its yield and other fixed income characteristics. As the market price of such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features. Investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.

Synthetic Convertible Securities

A synthetic convertible security is comprised of two distinct securities that together resemble convertible securities in certain respects. Synthetic convertible securities are created by combining non-convertible bonds or preferred shares with common stocks, warrants or stock call options. The options that will form elements of synthetic convertible securities will be listed on a securities exchange. The two components of a synthetic convertible security, which will be issued with respect to the same entity, generally are not offered as a unit, and may be purchased and sold by the Fund at different times. Synthetic convertible securities differ from convertible securities in certain respects, including that each component of a synthetic convertible security has a separate market value and responds differently to market fluctuations. Investing in synthetic convertible securities involves the risk normally involved in holding the securities comprising the synthetic convertible security.

Cybersecurity Risk

With the increased use of technologies such as mobile devices and Web-based or “cloud” applications, and the dependence on the Internet and computer systems to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events (arising from external or internal sources) that may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, physical damage to a computer or network system or lose operational capacity. Cybersecurity attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by malicious software, such as malware or computer viruses or gaining unauthorized access to digital systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Fund’s operations (e.g., through “hacking,” “phishing” or malicious software coding) or other means for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on the Fund’s websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund’s systems.

Cybersecurity incidents affecting the Fund’s Manager, the Subadviser, other service providers to the Fund or its shareholders (including, but not limited to, Fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to both the Fund and its shareholders, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Fund to process transactions (including fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions), violations of applicable privacy and other laws (including the release of private shareholder

 

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information) and attendant breach notification and credit monitoring costs, regulatory fines, penalties, litigation costs, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, forensic investigation and remediation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and other service providers) and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to safeguard against and reduce the risk of any cybersecurity incidents in the future. In addition to administrative, technological and procedural safeguards, the Fund’s Manager and the Subadviser have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent or reduce the impact of, such cybersecurity incidents. However, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, as well as the rapid development of new threats. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

Debt and Fixed Income Securities

The Fund may invest in a variety of debt and fixed income securities, which may be issued by governmental, corporate or other issuers. Debt securities may pay fixed, floating or variable rates of interest or interest at a rate contingent upon some other factor. Variable rate securities reset at specified intervals, while floating rate securities reset whenever there is a change in a specified index rate. In most cases, these reset provisions reduce the effect of market interest rates on the value of the security. However, some securities do not track the underlying index directly, but reset based on formulas that can produce an effect similar to leveraging; others may provide for interest payments that vary inversely with market rates. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate significantly when interest rates change.

These securities share principal risks. For example, the level of interest income generated by the Fund’s fixed income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. Thus, when fixed income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Also, their values fluctuate with changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the Fund’s fixed income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the Fund’s fixed income investments will generally decline. However, a change in interest rates will not have the same impact on all fixed rate securities. For example, the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when the Fund’s duration or average maturity is longer. In addition, certain fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due, or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.

Fixed Income Securities Ratings. Securities rated in the fourth highest ratings category by a NRSRO, such as those rated BBB by S&P, or Baa by Moody’s, and unrated securities of comparable quality, are generally regarded as having adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal but may have some speculative characteristics. Securities rated below the fourth highest ratings category by an NRSRO, including those rated below Baa by Moody’s or BBB by S&P, and unrated securities of comparable quality, are generally considered below “investment grade,” and may have speculative characteristics, including a greater possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities, market price volatility based upon interest rate sensitivity, questionable creditworthiness and relative liquidity of the secondary trading market. Changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity for lower rated securities to make principal and interest payments, including a greater possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuer, than is the case for high rated securities. Appendix B to this SAI contains further information concerning the rating categories of NRSROs and their significance.

Derivatives — Generally

A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on, or derived from, the value of one or more underlying reference instruments or measures of value or interest rates (“underlying instruments”), such as a security, a commodity, a currency, an index, an interest rate or a currency exchange rate. A derivative can also have a value based on the likelihood that an event will or will not occur. Derivatives include futures contracts, forward contracts, options and swaps.

The Fund may use derivatives for any purpose, including but not limited to, to attempt to enhance income, yield or return, as a substitute for investing directly in a security or asset, or as a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the Fund’s portfolio. The Fund may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons, and no assurance can be given that

 

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any derivatives strategy employed will be successful. The Fund’s use of derivative instruments may be limited from time to time by applicable law, availability or by policies adopted by the Board or Manager.

The Fund may utilize multiple derivative instruments and combinations of derivative instruments to seek to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. Combined positions will typically contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. It is possible that the combined position will not achieve its intended goal and will instead increase losses or risk to the Fund. Because combined positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

The Fund may enter into derivatives with standardized terms that have no or few special or unusual components, which are generally traded on an exchange, as well as derivatives with more complex features, singly or in combination. Non-standardized derivatives are generally traded over the counter (“OTC”). OTC derivatives may be standardized or have customized features and may have limited or no liquidity. The Fund’s derivatives contracts may be centrally cleared or settled bilaterally directly with a counterparty. The Fund’s derivatives contracts may be cash settled or physically settled.

In addition to the instruments and strategies discussed in this section, additional opportunities in connection with derivatives and other similar or related techniques may become available to the Fund as a result of the development of new techniques, the development of new derivative instruments or a regulatory authority broadening the range of permitted transactions. The Fund may utilize these opportunities and techniques to the extent that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. These opportunities and techniques may involve risks different from or in addition to those summarized herein.

Risks of Derivatives Generally. The use of derivatives involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are summarized below, and may result in losses to the Fund. In general, derivatives may increase the volatility of the Fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk or exposure assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to the Fund.

Market risk. Derivatives can be complex, and their success depends in part upon the portfolio manager’s ability to forecast correctly future market or other trends or occurrences or other financial or economic factors or the value of the underlying instrument. Even if the portfolio manager’s forecasts are correct, other factors may cause distortions or dislocations in the markets that result in losses or otherwise unsuccessful transactions. Derivatives may behave in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal or volatile market conditions. The market value of the derivative itself or the market value of underlying instruments may change in a way that is adverse to the Fund’s interest. There is no assurance that the use of derivatives will be advantageous to the Fund or that the portfolio manager will use derivatives to hedge at an appropriate time.

Liquidity risk. The Fund’s ability to close out or unwind a derivative prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. If there is no market or the Fund is not successful in its negotiations, the Fund may not be able to sell or unwind the derivative position at an advantageous or anticipated time or price. This may also be the case if the counterparty becomes insolvent. The Fund may be required to make delivery of portfolio securities or other underlying instruments in order to close out a position or to sell portfolio securities or assets at a disadvantageous time or price in order to obtain cash to close out the position. While a position remains open, the Fund continues to be subject to investment risk on a derivative. The Fund may or may not be able to take other actions or enter into other transactions, including hedging transactions, to limit or reduce its exposure to the derivative. Liquidity risk may be enhanced if a derivative transaction is particularly large. Certain derivatives, including certain OTC options and swaps, may be considered illiquid and therefore subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid investments.

Leverage risk. Certain derivative transactions may have a leveraging effect on the Fund, meaning that the Fund can obtain significant investment exposure in return for meeting a relatively small margin or other investment requirement. An adverse change in the value of an underlying instrument can result in losses substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. When the Fund engages in transactions that have a leveraging effect, the value of the Fund is likely to be more volatile and certain other risks also are likely to be compounded. This is because leverage generally magnifies the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of an investment. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.

Margin risk. Certain derivatives require the Fund to make margin payments, a form of security deposit intended to protect against nonperformance of the derivative contract. The Fund may have to post additional margin if the value of the

 

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  derivative position changes in a manner adverse to the Fund. Derivatives may be difficult to value, which may result in increased payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet additional margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a disadvantageous time.

Speculation risk. Derivatives used for non-hedging purposes may result in losses which are not offset by increases in the value of portfolio holdings or declines in the cost of securities or other assets to be acquired. In the event that the Fund uses a derivative as an alternative to purchasing or selling other investments or in order to obtain desired exposure to an index or market, the Fund will be exposed to the same risks as are incurred in purchasing or selling the other investments directly, as well as the risks of the derivative transaction itself, such as counterparty risk.

Cover risk. As described below, the Fund may be required to maintain segregated assets as “cover,” or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivatives involving obligations to third parties (i.e., derivatives other than purchased options). If the Fund were unable to close out its positions in such derivatives, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.

Counterparty risk. Certain derivatives involve the risk of loss resulting from the actual or potential insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure by the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. In the event of default by a counterparty, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of the counterparty’s bankruptcy. The Fund may not be able to recover amounts owed to it by an insolvent counterparty.

Operational risk. There may be incomplete or erroneous documentation or inadequate collateral or margin, or transactions may fail to settle. The Fund may have only contractual remedies in the event of a counterparty default, and there may be delays, costs or disagreements as to the meaning of contractual terms and litigation in enforcing those remedies.

OTC risk. Derivative transactions that are traded OTC, such as options, swaps, forward contracts, and options on foreign currencies, are entered into directly with counterparties or financial institutions acting as market makers, rather than being traded on exchanges or centrally cleared. Because OTC derivatives and other transactions are traded between counterparties based on contractual relationships, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under the related contracts. Although the Fund intends to enter into transactions only with counterparties which the Fund believes to be creditworthy, there can be no assurance that a counterparty will not default and that the Fund will not sustain a loss on a transaction as a result. Information available on counterparty creditworthiness may be incomplete or outdated, thus reducing the ability to anticipate counterparty defaults. The Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under an OTC derivative in the event of the default or bankruptcy of counterparty to the OTC derivative. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, then the Fund is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there is no assurance that a counterparty will be able to meet its obligations pursuant to such contracts or that, in the event of default, the Fund will succeed in enforcing contractual remedies. Credit/counterparty risk still exists even if a counterparty’s obligations are secured by collateral because the Fund’s interest in collateral may not be perfected or additional collateral may not be promptly posted as required. Credit/counterparty risk also may be more pronounced if a counterparty’s obligations exceed the amount of collateral held by the Fund (if any), the Fund is unable to exercise its interest in collateral upon default by the counterparty, or the termination value of the instrument varies significantly from the marked-to-market value of the instrument.

Non-U.S. derivatives risk. Derivative transactions may be conducted OTC outside of the United States or traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the price of, foreign securities or currencies. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (1) other foreign political, legal and economic factors, (2) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (3) delays in the Fund’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (4) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms, procedures, margin requirements, fees, taxes or other charges than in the United States and (5) lesser trading volume. Many of the risks of OTC derivatives transactions are also applicable to derivative transactions conducted outside the United States, including counterparty risk.

 

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Currency derivatives risk. Currency related transactions may be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations. Exchange rates may be influenced by factors extrinsic to a country’s economy. Also, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to foreign currencies. As a result, the information on which trading in currency derivatives is based may not be as complete as, and may be delayed beyond, comparable data for other types of transactions.

Turnover risk. Use of derivatives involves transaction costs, which may be significant. The Fund may be required to sell or purchase investments in connection with derivative transactions, potentially increasing the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs. Use of derivatives also may increase the amount of taxable income to shareholders.

Risks Associated with Hedging with Derivatives. If the portfolio manager uses a hedging strategy at the wrong time or judges market conditions incorrectly, hedging strategies may reduce the Fund’s return. Successful use of derivatives to hedge positions depends on the correlation between the price of the derivative and the price of the hedged asset.

The Fund may attempt to protect against declines in the value of the Fund’s portfolio assets by entering into a variety of derivatives transactions, including selling futures contracts, entering into swaps or purchasing puts on indices or futures contracts (short hedging). Short hedging involves the risk that the prices of the futures contracts or the value of the swap or the applicable index will correlate imperfectly with price movements in the Fund’s assets. If the value of the assets held in the Fund’s portfolio declines while the Fund has used derivative instruments in a short hedge, and the prices referenced in the short hedge do not also decline, the value of the Fund’s assets would decline, and the short hedge would not hedge or mitigate the loss in the value of the assets. With respect to a derivative transaction based on an index, the risk of imperfect correlation increases as the composition of the Fund’s portfolio diverges from the assets included in the applicable index. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the portfolio securities being hedged and movements in the price of the hedging instruments, the Fund may use derivative instruments in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of portfolio assets being hedged. It might do so if the historical volatility of the prices of the portfolio assets being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the applicable index.

If the Fund has used derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Fund’s risk exposure to a particular position and then disposes of that position at a time at which it cannot also settle, terminate or close out the corresponding hedge position, this may create short investment exposure. Certain “short” derivative positions involve investment leverage, and the amount of the Fund’s potential loss is theoretically unlimited.

The Fund can use derivative instruments to establish a position in the market as a temporary substitute for the purchase of individual securities or other assets (long hedging) by buying futures contracts and/or calls on such futures contracts, indices or on securities or other assets, or entering into swaps. It is possible that when the Fund does so the market might decline. If the Fund then decides not to invest in the assets because of concerns that the market might decline further or for other reasons, the Fund will realize a loss on the hedge position that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the asset the Fund had intended to purchase.

Risk of Government Regulation of Derivatives. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of new and existing legislation and regulation, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. Additional regulation could, among other things, make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets. Such regulation may limit or prevent the Fund from using derivatives as part of its investment strategy and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment goals. Limitations or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using derivatives or affect pricing or other factors relating to derivatives or may change the availability of certain investments.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) has caused broad changes to the OTC derivatives market and granted significant authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants. Pursuant to such authority, rules have been enacted that currently require clearing of many OTC derivatives transactions and may require clearing of additional OTC derivatives transactions in the future and that impose minimum margin and capital requirements for uncleared OTC derivatives transactions. Similar regulations are being adopted in other jurisdictions around the world. The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of derivatives transactions since investors have to pay fees to clearing members and are typically required to post more margin for cleared derivatives than had

 

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historically been the case. The costs of derivatives transactions are expected to increase further as clearing members raise their fees to cover the costs of additional capital requirements and other regulatory changes. While the new rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, mandatory clearing of derivatives may expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.

Additionally, new regulations may result in increased uncertainty about credit/counterparty risk and may limit the flexibility of the Fund to protect its interests in the event of an insolvency of a derivatives counterparty. In the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under the rules of the applicable exchange or clearing corporation or under new special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the European Union, the liabilities of such counterparties to the Fund could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

Cover. The Fund’s use of derivatives may create financial obligations to third parties which if not covered could be construed as “senior securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act). To the extent that the Fund determined that such obligations may be deemed to create “senior securities,” the Fund intends to segregate or earmark liquid assets or otherwise “cover” such obligations. The Fund may cover such obligations using methods that are currently or in the future permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or orders issued by the SEC thereunder and to the extent deemed appropriate by the Fund, interpretations and guidance of the SEC staff.

The Fund segregates with its custodian or otherwise earmarks cash, cash equivalents or liquid assets in an amount the Fund believes to be adequate to ensure that it has sufficient liquid assets to meet its obligations under its derivatives contracts, or the Fund may engage in other measures to “cover” its obligations with respect to such transactions. The amounts that are segregated or earmarked may be based on the derivative’s notional value or on the daily mark-to-market obligation under the derivatives contract and may be reduced by amounts on deposit with the applicable broker or counterparty to the derivatives transaction. The Fund may segregate or earmark amounts in addition to the amounts described above. For example, if the Fund writes a physically settled put option, it will typically segregate or earmark liquid assets equal to the exercise price of the option, less margin on deposit, or hold the underlying instrument directly; if the Fund writes a cash settled put option, it will typically segregate or earmark liquid assets equal to the amount the option is in the money (meaning the difference between the exercise price of the option and the current market price of the underlying instrument, when the exercise price of the option is higher than the market price of the underlying instrument), marked to market on a daily basis, less margin on deposit. Alternatively, the Fund may, in certain circumstances, enter into an offsetting position rather than segregating or designating liquid assets (e.g., the Fund may cover a written put option with a purchased put option with the same or higher exercise price or cover a written call option with a purchased call option with the same or lower exercise price).

The segregation of assets does not reduce the risks to the Fund of entering into transactions in derivatives. Additionally, although the portfolio manager attempts to ensure that the Fund has sufficient liquid assets in respect of its obligations under its derivative contracts, it is possible that the Fund’s liquid assets may be insufficient to support such obligations under its derivatives positions. The Fund may modify its asset segregation policies from time to time.

Options

A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, an underlying investment (such as a specified security, commodity, currency, interest rate, currency exchange rate or index) at an agreed-upon price (“strike price”). A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, an underlying investment at an agreed-upon price. An American-style option may be exercised at any time during the term of the option, while a European-style option may be exercised only at the expiration of the option. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right granted under the option contract.

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying instrument, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the strike price to the market price of the underlying instrument, the

 

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historical price volatility of the underlying instrument and general market conditions. If the purchaser does not exercise the option, it will expire and the purchaser will have only lost the premium paid. If a secondary market exists, a purchaser or the writer may terminate a put option position prior to its exercise by selling it in the secondary market at its current price. The Fund will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells an option. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales of the underlying instrument.

Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed and are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size and strike price. In contrast, OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) are contracts between the Fund and a counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. The terms of OTC options generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract (the counterparty). For a discussion on options on futures see “Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts”.

Put Options. In return for receipt of the premium, the writer of a put option assumes the obligation to pay the strike price for the option’s underlying instrument if the buyer exercises the option. A put writer would generally expect to profit, although its gain would be limited to the amount of the premium it received, if the underlying instrument’s price remains greater than or equal to the strike price. If the underlying instrument’s price falls below the strike price, the put writer would expect to suffer a loss. The buyer of a put option can expect to realize a gain if the underlying instrument’s price falls enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option. Any losses suffered by the buyer would be limited to the amount of the premium plus related transaction costs.

Optional delivery standby commitments are a type of put that gives the buyer of an underlying instrument the right to sell the underlying instrument back to the seller on specified terms to induce a purchase of the underlying instrument.

Call Options. In return for the receipt of the premium, the writer of a call option assumes the obligation to sell the underlying instrument at the strike price to the buyer upon exercise of the option. A call writer would generally expect to profit, although its gain would be limited to the amount of the premium it received, if the option goes unexercised, which typically occurs when the underlying instrument’s price remains less than or equal to the strike price. If the underlying instrument’s prices were to rise above the strike price, the writer of the call option would generally expect to suffer a loss, which is theoretically unlimited. A call buyer’s maximum loss is the premium paid for the call option, whereas the buyer’s maximum profit is theoretically unlimited.

Straddles. A long straddle is the purchase of a call and a put option with the same expiration date and relating to the same underlying instrument where the strike price of the put is less than or equal to the strike price of the call. The Fund may enter into a long straddle when its portfolio manager believes that the underlying instrument’s price will move significantly during the term of the options. A short straddle is a combination of a call and a put written on the same underlying instrument with the same expiration date where the strike price of the put is less than or equal to the strike price of the call. In a covered short straddle, the underlying instrument is considered cover for both the put and the call that the Fund has written. The Fund may enter into a short straddle when the portfolio manager believes that it is unlikely that underlying instrument’s prices will experience volatility during the term of the options.

Options on Indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on other underlying instruments except that all settlements are in cash and gains or losses depend on changes in the level of the index rather than on price movements of individual underlying instruments. The writer of a call on an index receives a premium and the obligation to pay the purchaser an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and the strike price times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), if the closing level of the index is greater than the strike price of the call. The writer of a put on an index receives a premium and the obligation to deliver to the buyer an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and strike price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the strike price.

Risks of Options – In addition to the risks described under “Derivatives – Risks of Derivatives Generally,” options are also subject to the following risks:

Options on Indices Risk. The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities and other instruments. Because index options are settled in cash, when the Fund writes a call on an index it generally cannot provide in advance for other underlying instruments because it may not be practical for the call writer to hedge its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. The Fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option

 

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by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, the Fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.

If the Fund exercises an index option before the closing index value for that day is available, there is the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the Fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the strike price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

Timing Risk. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying instrument are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying instrument, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. Options are marked to market daily and their value will be affected by changes in the value of the underlying instrument, changes in the dividend rates of the underlying securities, an increase in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock market and the underlying instrument and the remaining time to the options’ expiration. Additionally, the exercise price of an option may be adjusted downward before the option’s expiration as a result of the occurrence of certain corporate or other events affecting the underlying instrument, such as extraordinary dividends, stock splits, merger or other extraordinary distributions or events. A reduction in the exercise price of an option would reduce the Fund’s capital appreciation potential on an underlying instrument.

Equity Securities

Equity securities include exchange-traded and over-the-counter common and preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and securities convertible into common stocks. Equity securities fluctuate in price based on changes in a company’s financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. The value of a particular security may decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as an increase in production costs, competitive conditions or labor shortages; or due to general market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or generally adverse investor sentiment. The value of an equity security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of a company’s equity securities may deteriorate because of a variety of factors, including disappointing earnings reports by the issuer, unsuccessful products or services, loss of major customers, major litigation against the issuer or changes in government regulations affecting the issuer or the competitive environment.

Foreign Securities

The risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets may be related, among other things, to (i) differences in size, liquidity and volatility of, and the degree and manner of regulation of, the securities markets of certain non-U.S. markets compared to the securities markets in the U.S.; (ii) economic, political and social factors; and (iii) foreign exchange matters, such as restrictions on the repatriation of capital, fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which the Fund’s portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, exchange control regulations and costs associated with currency exchange. The political and economic structures in certain foreign countries, particularly emerging markets, are expected to undergo significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries.

Unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of the Fund’s investments in such countries. The economies and securities and currency markets of many emerging markets have experienced significant disruption and declines. There can be no assurances that these economic and market disruptions will not continue.

Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be less extensive than those available to investors in the U.S. or other foreign countries. Accounting standards in other countries are also not necessarily the same as in the United States. If the accounting standards in another country do not require as much detail as U.S. accounting standards, it may be harder for the portfolio manager to completely and accurately determine a company’s financial condition. In addition, the U.S. Government has from time to time in the past imposed restrictions, through penalties and otherwise, on foreign investments by U.S. investors such as the Fund. Also, brokerage commissions and other costs of buying or selling securities often are higher in foreign countries than they are in the U.S. This reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments.

 

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The Fund generally holds its foreign securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight over their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries may put limits on the Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank or depository or issuer of a security or any of their agents goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for the Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the U.S. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount the Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in a higher operating expense ratio for the Fund as compared to investment companies that invest only in the United States.

Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid, and their prices are more volatile, than securities of comparable domestic companies. Certain foreign countries are known to experience long delays between the trade and settlement dates of securities purchased or sold resulting in increased exposure of the Fund to market and foreign exchange fluctuations brought about by such delays, and to the corresponding negative impact on Fund liquidity.

Foreign Currency Risks

The U.S. dollar value of securities denominated in a foreign currency will vary with changes in currency exchange rates, which can be volatile. Accordingly, changes in the value of the currency in which the Fund’s investments are denominated relative to the U.S. dollar will affect the Fund’s net asset value. Exchange rates are generally affected by the forces of supply and demand in the international currency markets, the relative merits of investing in different countries and the intervention or failure to intervene of U.S. or foreign governments and central banks. However, currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors intrinsic to a country’s economy. Some emerging market countries also may have managed currencies, which are not free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, emerging markets are subject to the risk of restrictions upon the free conversion of their currencies into other currencies. Any devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar in the currencies in which the Fund’s securities are quoted would reduce the Fund’s net asset value per share.

Europe — Recent Events

A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and outside of Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences.

Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. In addition, on June 23, 2016, voters in the United Kingdom approved withdrawal from the European Union. On March 29, 2017, the United Kingdom formally notified the European Council of its intention to leave the European Union; as a result, the United Kingdom will remain a member state, subject to European Union law with privileges to provide services under the single market directives, for at least two years from that date. Given the size and importance of the United Kingdom’s economy, uncertainty about its legal, political, and economic relationship with the remaining member states of the European Union may continue to be a source of instability. Moreover, other countries may seek to withdraw from the European Union and/or abandon the euro, the common currency of the European Union. A number of countries in Europe have suffered terror attacks, and additional attacks may occur in the future. Ukraine has experienced ongoing military conflict; this conflict may expand and military attacks could occur elsewhere in Europe. Europe has also been struggling with mass migration from the Middle East and Africa.

The ultimate effects of these events and other socio-political or geopolitical issues are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets. Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.

 

16


Depositary Receipts

Depositary receipts demonstrate ownership of shares of a foreign issuer and are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign security. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and non-voting depositary receipts (“NVDRs”). ADRs in registered form are typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company, traded in U.S. dollars, and are designed for use in the domestic market. GDRs, EDRs, NVDRs and other similar instruments may be issued by a U.S. or non-U.S. entity and may be traded in other currencies. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and Europe and are designed for use throughout the world. EDRs are issued in bearer form and are designed for use in European securities markets.

Depositary receipts in general are subject to many of the risks associated with foreign investing (e.g., increased market, liquidity, currency, political, information and other risks), and even where traded in U.S. dollars are subject to currency risk if the underlying security is traded in a foreign currency. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued without the participation of the issuer of the underlying foreign security and there may be less information available about such issuers than there is with respect to domestic companies and issuers of securities underlying sponsored depositary receipts. Even if there is information available, there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts.

Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid security is any security which the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the security. To the extent required by applicable law and SEC guidance, the Fund will not acquire an illiquid security if such acquisition would cause the aggregate value of illiquid securities to exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets. If at any time the portfolio manager determines that the value of illiquid securities held by the Fund exceeds 15% of the Fund’s net assets, the portfolio manager will take such steps as it considers appropriate to reduce the percentage as soon as reasonably practicable.

Restricted securities are securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale, such as private placements. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of restricted securities at a time when the sale would otherwise be desirable. Under SEC regulations, certain restricted securities acquired through private placements can be traded freely among qualified purchasers. While restricted securities are generally classified as illiquid, the Fund may determine that a particular restricted security is “liquid.” Investing in these restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the Fund’s illiquidity if qualified purchasers become, for a time, uninterested in buying these securities.

Restricted securities may be sold only (1) pursuant to SEC Rule 144A or another exemption, (2) in privately negotiated transactions or (3) in public offerings with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A securities, although not registered in the U.S., may be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. As noted above, the Fund may determine that some Rule 144A securities are liquid. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a restricted security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell.

Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and the Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities promptly. The Fund does not consider non-U.S. securities to be restricted if they can be freely sold in the principal markets in which they are traded, even if they are not registered for sale in the U.S.

Liquidity Risk Management. In October 2016, the SEC adopted Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act requiring, among other things, that the Fund and other Legg Mason open-end funds establish a liquidity risk management program that is reasonably designed to assess and manage liquidity risk. Effective December 1, 2018, the Fund implemented initial portions of its liquidity risk management program to meet the relevant requirements. Additionally, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, approved the designation of the Fund’s liquidity risk management program administrator to administer such program and will review no less frequently than annually a written report prepared by the liquidity risk management program administrator that addresses the operation of the program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation. Certain aspects of the liquidity risk management program were implemented effective December 1, 2018, and

 

17


the entire program will take effect on June 1, 2019. Costs associated with complying with the rule could impact the Fund’s performance and its ability to achieve its investment objective.

Investments by Other Funds and by Other Significant Investors

Certain investment companies, including those that are affiliated with the Fund because they are managed by the Manager or an affiliate of the Manager, may invest in the Fund and may at times have substantial investments in one or more funds. Other investors also may at times have substantial investments in one or more funds.

From time to time, the Fund may experience relatively large redemptions or investments due to transactions in fund shares by a fund or other significant investor. The effects of these transactions could adversely affect the Fund’s performance. In the event of such redemptions or investments, the Fund could be required to sell securities or to invest cash at a time when it is not advantageous to do so. Such transactions may increase brokerage and/or other transaction costs of the Fund. A large redemption could cause the Fund’s expenses to increase and could result in the Fund becoming too small to be economically viable. Redemptions of fund shares could also accelerate the realization of taxable capital gains in the Fund if sales of securities result in capital gains. The impact of these transactions is likely to be greater when a fund or other significant investor purchases, redeems, or owns a substantial portion of the Fund’s shares.

The Manager and the Subadviser are subject to potential conflicts of interest in connection with investments in the Fund by an affiliated fund due to their affiliation. For example, the Manager or the Subadviser could have the incentive to permit an affiliated fund to become a more significant shareholder (with the potential to cause greater disruption) than would be permitted for an unaffiliated investor. Investments by an affiliated fund may also give rise to conflicts in connection with the voting of fund shares. The Manager, the Subadviser and/or its advisory affiliates intend to seek to address these potential conflicts of interest in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders, although there can be no assurance that such efforts will be successful. The Manager and the Subadviser will consider how to minimize potential adverse impacts of affiliated fund investments, and, may take such actions as each deems appropriate to address potential adverse impacts, including redemption of shares in-kind, rather than in cash.

Investments in Other Investment Companies

Subject to applicable statutory and regulatory limitations described below, the Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including shares of open-end and closed-end investment companies affiliated or unaffiliated with the Fund, business development companies, exchange-traded funds and unregistered investment companies.

An investment in an investment company is subject to the risks associated with that investment company’s portfolio securities. Investments in closed-end funds may entail the additional risk that the market value of such investments may be substantially less than their net asset value. To the extent the Fund invests in shares of another investment company, the Fund will indirectly bear a proportionate share of that investment company’s advisory fees and other operating expenses. These fees are in addition to the advisory fees and other operational expenses incurred directly by the Fund. In addition, the Fund could incur a sales charge in connection with purchasing an investment company security or a redemption fee upon the redemption of such security.

Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act provides that a fund may not purchase or otherwise acquire the securities of other “registered investment companies” (as defined in the 1940 Act) if, as a result of such purchase or acquisition, it would own: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired investment company; (ii) securities issued by any one investment company having a value in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets; or (iii) securities issued by all investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the fund’s total assets. Certain exceptions may be available from these limits such as when the Fund invests in certain exchange-traded funds or money-market funds or in investment companies that are part of the same group of investment companies as the Fund.

Investment in Money Market Funds

The Fund may invest in money market instruments, including money market funds managed by the Manager or its affiliates and money market funds managed by unaffiliated advisers. Money market funds invest in high-quality, U.S. dollar-denominated short-term debt securities and must follow strict rules as to the credit quality, liquidity, diversification and maturity of their investments. The Fund may lose money on its investment in money market funds. If the Fund invests in money market

 

18


funds it will indirectly bear its proportionate share of the management fees and other expenses that are charged by the money market fund in addition to the management fees and other expenses paid by the Fund. If the fund invests in money market funds that are managed by the Manager or its affiliates, it is possible that a conflict of interest among the Fund and the affiliated funds could affect how the Fund’s Manager and its affiliates fulfill their fiduciary duty to the Fund and the affiliated funds.

Money Market Instruments Generally

Money market instruments are short-term IOUs issued by banks or other non-governmental issuers, the U.S. or non-U.S. governments, or state or local governments. Money market instruments generally have maturity dates of 13 months or less, and may pay interest at fixed, floating or adjustable rates, or may be issued at a discount. Money market instruments may include certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, variable rate demand securities (where the interest rate is reset periodically and the holder may demand payment from the issuer or another obligor at any time), preferred shares, fixed-term obligations, commercial paper (short-term unsecured debt), asset-backed commercial paper, other mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and repurchase agreements. Asset-backed commercial paper refers to a debt security with an original term to maturity of up to 270 days that may be backed by residential and commercial mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities or other types of receivables. Payments due on asset-backed commercial paper are supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both.

Preferred Securities

There are two basic types of preferred securities: traditional and hybrid-preferred securities. Traditional preferred securities consist of preferred stock issued by an entity taxable as a corporation. Preferred stocks, which may offer fixed or floating rate dividends, are perpetual instruments and considered equity securities. Preferred stocks are subordinated to debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income and claim to corporate assets, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt instruments. Alternatively, hybrid-preferred securities may be issued by corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated trust or partnership of the corporation, generally in the form of preferred interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates.

Traditional Preferred Securities. Traditional preferred securities pay fixed or floating dividends to investors and have “preference” over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying any dividends on its common stock. In order to be payable, distributions on such preferred securities must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Income payments on preferred securities may be cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accumulate even if not declared by the board of directors or otherwise made payable. In such a case, all accumulated dividends must be paid before any dividend on the common stock can be paid. However, many traditional preferred stocks are non-cumulative, in which case dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on the traditional preferred securities in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable. Preferred securities may also contain provisions under which payments must be stopped (i.e., stoppage is compulsory, not discretionary). The conditions under which this occurs may relate to, for instance, capitalization levels. Hence, if a company incurs significant losses that deplete retained earnings automatic payment stoppage could occur. In some cases the terms of the preferred securities provide that the issuer would be obligated to attempt to issue common shares to raise funds for the purpose of making the preferred payments. However, there is no guarantee that the issuer would be successful in placing common shares.

Preferred stockholders usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters. Shares of traditional preferred securities have a liquidation preference that generally equals the original purchase price at the date of issuance. The market value of preferred securities may be affected by, among other factors, favorable and unfavorable changes impacting the issuer or industries in which they operate, movements in interest rates and inflation, and the broader economic and credit environments, and by actual and anticipated changes in tax laws, such as changes in corporate and individual income tax rates. Because the claim on an issuer’s earnings represented by traditional preferred securities may become onerous when interest rates fall below the rate payable on such securities, the issuer may redeem the securities. Thus, in declining interest rate environments in particular, the Fund’s holdings of higher rate-paying fixed rate preferred securities may be reduced, and the Fund may be unable to acquire securities of comparable credit quality paying comparable rates with the redemption proceeds.

 

19


Hybrid-Preferred Securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer or the beneficiary of a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, hybrid-preferred securities typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for eighteen months or more without triggering an event of default. Generally, the maximum deferral period is five years. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on the hybrid preferred securities have not been made), these hybrid-preferred securities are often treated as close substitutes for traditional preferred securities, both by issuers and investors. Hybrid-preferred securities have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows. Hybrid-preferred securities include, but are not limited to, trust preferred securities (TRUPS®); enhanced trust preferred securities (Enhanced TRUPS®); trust-originated preferred securities (TOPrS®); monthly-income preferred securities (MIPS®); quarterly-income bond securities (QUIBS®); quarterly-income debt securities (QUIDS®); quarterly-income preferred securities (QUIPSSM); corporate trust securities (CorTS®); public income notes (PINES®); and other hybrid-preferred securities. Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued with a final maturity date. In certain instances, a final maturity date may be extended and/or the final payment of principal may be deferred at the issuer’s option for a specified time without default. No redemption can typically take place unless all cumulative payment obligations have been met, although issuers may be able to engage in open-market repurchases without regard to whether all payments have been paid.

Many hybrid-preferred securities are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by operating companies and are not a direct obligation of an operating company. At the time the trust or special purpose entity sells such preferred securities to investors, it purchases debt of the operating company (with terms comparable to those of the trust or special purpose entity securities), and the operating company deducts for tax purposes the interest paid on the debt held by the trust or special purpose entity. The trust or special purpose entity is generally required to be treated as transparent for U.S. federal income tax purposes such that the holders of the trust preferred securities are treated as owning beneficial interests in the underlying debt of the operating company. Accordingly, payments on the hybrid-preferred securities are generally treated as interest rather than dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, are not eligible for the dividends received deduction (“DRD”) or the reduced rates of tax that apply to qualified dividend income. The trust or special purpose entity in turn is a holder of the operating company’s debt and has priority with respect to the operating company’s earnings and profits over the operating company’s common stockholders, but is typically subordinated to other classes of the operating company’s debt. Typically a preferred security has a credit rating that is lower than that of its corresponding operating company’s senior debt securities.

Within the category of hybrid-preferred securities are senior debt instruments that trade in the broader preferred securities market. These debt instruments, which are sources of long-term capital for the issuers, have structural features similar to other preferred securities such as maturities ranging from 30 years to perpetuity, call features, quarterly payments, exchange listings and the inclusion of accrued interest in the trading price. Preferred securities may be subject to changes in regulations and there can be no assurance that the current regulatory treatment of preferred securities will continue.

Repurchase Agreements

Under the terms of a typical repurchase agreement, the Fund would acquire one or more underlying debt securities from a counterparty (typically a bank or a broker-dealer), subject to the counterparty’s obligation to repurchase, and the Fund to resell, the securities at an agreed-upon time and price. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements where the underlying collateral consists entirely of cash items and/or securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies, its instrumentalities, or U.S. Government sponsored enterprises. The Fund may also enter into repurchase agreements where the underlying collateral consists of other types of securities, including securities the Fund could not purchase directly. For such repurchase agreements, the underlying securities which serve as collateral may include, but are not limited to, U.S. government securities, municipal securities, corporate debt obligations, asset-backed securities (including collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”)), convertible securities and common and preferred stock and may be of below investment grade quality. The repurchase price is typically greater than the purchase price paid by the Fund, thereby determining the Fund’s yield. A repurchase agreement is similar to, and may be treated as, a secured loan, where the Fund loans cash to the counterparty and the loan is secured by the underlying securities as collateral. All repurchase agreements entered into by the Fund are required to be collateralized so that at all times during the term of a repurchase agreement, the value of the underlying securities is at least equal to the amount of the

 

20


repurchase price. Also, the Fund or its custodian is required to have control of the collateral, which the portfolio manager believes will give the Fund a valid, perfected security interest in the collateral.

Repurchase agreements could involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the counterparty, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities, the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which the Fund seeks to assert its right to them, the risk that there may be a limited market or no market for disposition of such underlying securities, the risk of incurring expenses associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or part of the income from the agreement. The Fund will seek to mitigate these risks but there is no guarantee that such efforts will be successful. If the Fund enters into a repurchase agreement involving securities the Fund could not purchase directly, and the counterparty defaults, the Fund may become the holder of such securities. Repurchase agreements collateralized by securities other than U.S. government securities may be subject to greater risks and are more likely to have a term to maturity of longer than seven days. Repurchase agreements with a maturity of more than seven days are considered to be illiquid.

Repurchase agreements may be entered into or novated with a financial clearing house, which would become the Fund’s counterparty. The Fund would then become subject to the rules of the clearing house, which may limit the Fund’s rights and remedies (including recourse to collateral) or delay or restrict the rights and remedies, and expose the Fund to the risks of the clearinghouses’ insolvency.

Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, the Fund, along with other affiliated entities managed by the Manager, may transfer uninvested cash balances into one or more joint accounts for the purpose of entering into repurchase agreements secured by cash and U.S. government securities, subject to certain conditions.

Securities Lending

The Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided that cash or equivalent collateral, equal to at least 100% of the market value of such securities, is continuously maintained by the other party with the Fund. During the pendency of the transaction, the other party will pay the Fund an amount equivalent to any dividends or interest paid on such securities, and the Fund may invest the cash collateral and earn additional income, or it may receive an agreed upon amount of interest income from the other party who has delivered equivalent collateral. These transactions are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the other party. The Fund may pay administrative and custodial fees in connection with these transactions and may pay a negotiated portion of the interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the other party or placing agent or broker. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the relevant securities generally pass to the other party, the Fund will make arrangements to vote or consent with respect to a material event affecting such securities. SEC guidance currently states that a fund may loan securities equal in value to no more than one third of its total asset value, including collateral received in connection with such transactions (at market value computed at the time of the transaction). The risks in lending portfolio securities include possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. The Fund runs the risk that the counterparty to a loan transaction will default on its obligation and that the value of the collateral received may decline before the Fund can dispose of it. If the Fund receives cash as collateral and invests that cash, the Fund is subject to the risk that the collateral will decline in value before the Fund must return it to the counterparty. Subject to the foregoing, loans of fund securities are effectively borrowings by the Fund and have economic characteristics similar to reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund does not currently intend to engage in securities lending, although it may engage in transactions (such as reverse repurchase agreements) which have similar characteristics.

Small and Mid Cap Companies

Investments in securities of companies with small and medium market capitalizations may offer greater opportunity for appreciation than larger companies, but involve special risks. The securities of those companies may be subject to more abrupt fluctuations in market price and may be more sensitive to economic conditions than larger, more established companies. Small and mid cap company stock prices may, to a degree, fluctuate independently of larger company stock prices, i.e., small and mid cap company stocks may decline in price as the prices of large company stocks rise or vice versa.

Small and mid cap companies may have newer or limited product lines, limited markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent upon a limited or inexperienced management group. In addition, securities of these companies are subject to the risk that, during certain periods, the liquidity of particular issuers or industries will shrink or disappear with little forewarning as a result of adverse economic or market conditions, or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate. Securities of

 

21


small and mid cap companies may not be widely traded and it may be difficult for the Fund to dispose of such securities, or receive an advantageous price.

Small and mid cap companies may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings or may otherwise have a weak financial condition, and may be susceptible to bankruptcy. Transaction costs for these investments are often higher than those of larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information about small cap companies.

Some small and mid cap companies also may be relatively new issuers, which carries risks in addition to the risks of other small and mid cap companies. New issuers may be more speculative because such companies are relatively unseasoned. These companies will often be involved in the development or marketing of a new product with no established market, which could lead to significant losses.

U.S. Government Securities

U.S. Government securities include (1) U.S. Treasury bills (maturity of one year or less), U.S. Treasury notes (maturity of one to ten years) and U.S. Treasury bonds (maturities generally greater than ten years); (2) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities which are supported by any of the following: (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (such as certificates issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”)); (b) the right of the issuer to borrow an amount limited to a specific line of credit from the U.S. Government (such as obligations of the Federal Home Loan Banks); (c) the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of agencies or instrumentalities (such as securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association); or (d) only the credit of the agency or instrumentality (such as securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation); and (3) obligations issued by non-governmental entities (like financial institutions) that carry direct guarantees from U.S. government agencies as part of government initiatives in response to a market crisis or otherwise. Agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. Government include but are not limited to: Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Federal Housing Administration, Federal Land Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Farm Credit Bank System, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, General Services Administration, Government National Mortgage Association, Student Loan Marketing Association, United States Postal Service, Maritime Administration, Small Business Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Washington D.C. Armory Board and any other instrumentality established or sponsored by the U.S. Government.

In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the Fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitments. Neither the U.S. Government nor any of its agencies or instrumentalities guarantees the market value of the securities they issue. Therefore, the market value of such securities will fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. In addition, any downgrade of the credit rating of the securities issued by the U.S. Government may result in a downgrade of securities issued by its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored entities.

When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments

The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” or “to be announced” or “forward delivery” basis. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the “when-issued” securities are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment although settlement, i.e., delivery of and payment for the securities, takes place at a later date. In a “to be announced” transaction, the Fund commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not known at the time of the trade.

Securities purchased on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis are subject to changes in value based upon the market’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. The value of these securities experiences appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. Purchasing securities on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis can involve a risk that the yields available in the market on the settlement date may actually be higher or lower than those obtained in the transaction itself. At the time the Fund enters into a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” commitment, the Fund will set aside cash or other appropriate liquid securities with a value at least equal to the Fund’s obligation under the commitment. The Fund’s liquidity and ability to manage its assets might be affected when it sets aside cash or portfolio securities to cover such commitments.

 

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An increase in the percentage of the Fund’s assets committed to the purchase of securities on a “when-issued” basis may increase the volatility of its net asset value.

Temporary Defensive Investing

The Fund may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions, including by investing in any type of investment grade, government, corporate and money market instruments and short-term debt securities or holding cash without regard to any percentage limitations. Although the portfolio manager has the ability to take defensive positions, they may choose not to do so for a variety of reasons, even during volatile market conditions.

MANAGEMENT

Trustees and Officers

The business and affairs of the Fund are conducted by management under the supervision and subject to the direction of its Board. The business address of each Trustee (including each Independent Trustee) is c/o Jane Trust, Legg Mason, 100 International Drive, 11th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The tables below provide information about each of the Trustees and officers of the Trust.

 

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Independent Trustees#:

 

Name and

Year of Birth

   Position(s) with Trust   

Term of Office*

and Length of

Time Served**

  

Principal Occupation(s)

During

the Past Five Years

  

Number of

Funds in the

Legg Mason
Funds

Complex

Overseen

by Trustee***

   Other Board Memberships
Held by Trustee During the
Past Five Years
           

Paul R. Ades

Born 1940

  

Trustee

  

Since 1983

  

Paul R. Ades, PLLC (law firm) (since 2000)

 

   48   

None

Andrew L. Breech

Born 1952

  

Trustee

  

Since 1991

  

President, Dealer Operating Control Service, Inc. (automotive retail management) (since 1985)

   48   

None

Dwight B. Crane

Born 1937

  

Trustee

  

Since 1981

  

Professor Emeritus, Harvard Business School (since 2007); formerly, Professor, Harvard Business School (1969 to 2007); Independent Consultant (since 1969)

   48   

None

Althea L. Duersten

Born 1951

  

Trustee

  

Since 2014

  

Retired (since 2011); formerly, Chief Investment Officer, North America, JP Morgan Chase (investment bank) and member of JPMorgan Executive Committee (2007 to 2011)

   48   

None

Frank G. Hubbard

Born 1937

  

Trustee

  

Since 1993

  

President, Fealds, Inc. (business development) (since 2016); formerly, President, Avatar International Inc. (business development) (1998 to 2015)

   48   

None

Howard J. Johnson

Born 1938

  

Trustee and

Chairman of the Board

  

From 1981 to 1998 and since 2000 (Chairman of the Board since 2013)

  

Chief Executive Officer, Genesis Imaging LLC (technology company) (since 2003)

   48   

None

Jerome H. Miller

Born 1938

 

  

Trustee

  

Since 1995

  

Retired

   48   

None

Ken Miller

Born 1942

  

Trustee

  

Since 1983

  

Retired; formerly, President, Young Stuff Apparel Group, Inc. (apparel manufacturer), division of Li & Fung (1963 to 2012)

   48   

None

Thomas F. Schlafly

Born 1948

  

Trustee

  

Since 1983

  

Chairman, The Saint Louis Brewery, LLC (brewery) (since 2012); formerly, President, The Saint Louis Brewery, Inc. (1989 to 2012); Senior Counsel (since 2017) and formerly, Partner (2009 to 2016), Thompson Coburn LLP (law firm)

   48   

Director, Citizens National Bank of Greater St. Louis (since 2006)

 

24


Interested Trustee and Officer:

 

Name and

 

Year of Birth

   Position(s) with Trust   

Term of Office*

 

and Length of

 

Time Served**

  

Principal Occupation(s)

During

the Past Five Years

  

Number of

Funds in the

Legg Mason
Funds

Complex

Overseen

 

by Trustee***

   Other Board Memberships
Held by Trustee During the
Past Five Years
           

Jane Trust, CFA†

Born 1962

  

Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer

   Since 2015    Senior Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”) (since 2018); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2016 to 2018); Officer and/or Trustee/Director of 146 funds associated with LMPFA or its affiliates (since 2015); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMPFA (since 2015); formerly, Senior Vice President of LMPFA (2015); Director of ClearBridge, LLC (formerly, Legg Mason Capital Management, LLC) (2007 to 2014); Managing Director of Legg Mason Investment Counsel & Trust Co. (2000 to 2007)    137         

None

 

#

Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust within the meaning of Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

*

Each Trustee serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.

**

Indicates the earliest year in which the Trustee became a board member for a fund in the Legg Mason fund complex.

***

Information is for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.

Ms. Trust is an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, because of her position with LMPFA and/or certain of its affiliates.

 

25


Additional Officers:

 

Name, Year of

Birth

 

and Address

   Position(s) with Trust        

Term of Office*

 

and Length of

 

Time Served**

  

Principal Occupation(s)

 

During the Past Five Years

         

Jenna Bailey

Born 1978

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place

5th Floor

Stamford, CT 06902

  

Identity Theft

Prevention Officer

  

    

   Since 2015    Identity Theft Prevention Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2015); Compliance Officer of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2013); Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2011); formerly, Associate Compliance Officer of Legg Mason & Co. (2011 to 2013)
         

Ted P. Becker

Born 1951

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue

49th Floor

New York, NY 10018

  

Chief Compliance

Officer

        Since 2007    Director of Global Compliance at Legg Mason (since 2006); Chief Compliance Officer of LMPFA (since 2006); Managing Director of Compliance of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Chief Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006)
         

Christopher Berarducci

Born 1974

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue

49th Floor

New York, NY 10018

  

Treasurer

        Since 2014    Director of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2015); Treasurer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2010); formerly, Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (2011 to 2015); Assistant Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (prior to 2010)
         

Robert I. Frenkel

Born 1954

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place

6th Floor

Stamford, CT 06902

  

Secretary and

Chief Legal Officer

        Since 2007    Vice President and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason (since 2006); Managing Director and General Counsel — U.S. Mutual Funds for Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006) and Legg Mason & Co. predecessors (since 1994); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006) and Legg Mason & Co. predecessors (prior to 2006)
         

Jeanne Kelly

Born 1951

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue

49th Floor

New York, NY 10018

  

Senior Vice President

        Since 2007    Senior Vice President of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2007); Senior Vice President of LMPFA (since 2006); President and Chief Executive Officer of LM Asset Services, LLC (“LMAS”) and Legg Mason Fund Asset Management, Inc. (“LMFAM”) (formerly registered investment advisers) (since 2015); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005) and Legg Mason & Co. predecessors (prior to 2005); formerly, Senior Vice President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015)
         

Susan Kerr

Born 1949

Legg Mason

620 Eighth Avenue

49th Floor

New York, NY 10018

  

Chief Anti-Money

Laundering

Compliance

Officer

        Since 2013    Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. and LMIS (since 2010); Chief Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2013) and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer of LMIS (since 2012); Senior Compliance Officer of LMIS (since 2011); formerly, AML Consultant, DTCC (2010); AML Consultant, Rabobank Netherlands (2009); First Vice President, Director of Marketing & Advertising Compliance and Manager of Communications Review Group at Citigroup Inc. (1996 to 2008)

 

26


         

Thomas C. Mandia

Born 1962

Legg Mason

100 First Stamford Place

6th Floor

Stamford, CT 06902

   Assistant Secretary            Since 2007    Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005) and Legg Mason & Co. predecessors (prior to 2005); Secretary of LMPFA (since 2006); Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006) and Legg Mason & Co. predecessors (prior to 2006); Secretary of LMAS (since 2002) and LMFAM (formerly registered investment advisers) (since 2013)
         

Richard F. Sennett

Born 1970

Legg Mason

100 International Drive

7th Floor

Baltimore, MD 21202

   Principal Financial Officer         Since 2011    Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2011 and since 2013); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. and Senior Manager of the Treasury Policy group for Legg Mason & Co.’s Global Fiduciary Platform (since 2011); formerly, Chief Accountant within the SEC’s Division of Investment Management (2007 to 2011); Assistant Chief Accountant within the SEC’s Division of Investment Management (2002 to 2007)

 

*

Each officer serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.

**

Indicates the earliest year in which the officer took such office.

Qualifications of Trustees, Board Leadership Structure and Oversight and Standing Committees

The Independent Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following as to each Trustee: character and integrity; service as a board member of mutual funds in the fund complex; willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; the fact that service as a Trustee would be consistent with the requirements of the Trust’s retirement policies and the Trustee’s status as not being an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Ms. Trust was selected to join the Board based upon her investment management and risk oversight experience as an executive and portfolio manager and leadership roles with Legg Mason and affiliated entities. The Board also considered her character and integrity, her willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee, the fact that service as a Trustee would be consistent with requirements of the Trust’s retirement policies, and her status as a representative of Legg Mason. Independent Trustees constitute more than 75% of the Board. Mr. Johnson serves as Chairman of the Board and is an Independent Trustee. Ms. Trust is an interested person of the Fund.

The Board believes that each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the requisite attributes and skills. The Board believes that the Trustees’ ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Manager, the Subadviser, other service providers, counsel and the independent registered public accounting firm, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties support this conclusion. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply to each Trustee.

Each Trustee, except for Ms. Trust and Ms. Duersten, has served as a board member of the mutual funds in the fund complex for at least eight years. Mr. Ades has substantial experience practicing law and advising clients with respect to various business transactions. Mr. Breech has substantial experience as the chief executive of a private corporation. Mr. Crane has substantial experience as an economist, academic and business consultant. Ms. Duersten has substantial experience as a global investment and trading manager in capital markets across multiple asset classes, including as the chief investment officer for the North American region of a major investment bank and service on its executive committee. Mr. Hubbard has substantial experience in business development and was a senior executive of an operating company. Mr. Johnson has substantial experience as the chief executive of an operating company and in the financial services industry, including as an actuary and pension consultant. Mr. Jerome Miller had substantial experience as an executive in the asset management group of a major broker/dealer. Mr. Ken Miller has substantial experience as a senior executive of an operating company. Mr. Schlafly has substantial experience practicing law and also serves as the non-executive Chairman of a private corporation and as director of a bank. Ms. Trust has been the Chief Executive Officer of the Trust and other funds in the fund complex since 2015 and has investment management and risk oversight experience as an executive and portfolio manager and in leadership roles with Legg

 

27


Mason and affiliated entities. References to the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board.

The Board has five standing Committees: the Audit Committee, the Contract Committee, the Performance Committee, the Governance Committee, and the Compensation and Nominating Committee (which is a sub-committee of the Governance Committee). Each Committee is chaired by an Independent Trustee. The Audit Committee and the Governance Committee are composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Contract Committee is composed of four Independent Trustees. The Performance Committee is composed of four Independent Trustees. The Compensation and Nominating Committee is composed of four Independent Trustees. Where deemed appropriate, the Board may constitute ad hoc committees.

The Chairman of the Board and the chairs of the Audit and Performance Committees work with the Chief Executive Officer of the Trust to set the agendas for Board and committee meetings. The Chairman of the Board also serves as a key point person for interaction between management and the other Independent Trustees. Through the committees the Independent Trustees consider and address important matters involving the Fund, including those presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest for management. The Independent Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board has determined that its committees help ensure that the Fund has effective and independent governance and oversight. The Board also has determined that its leadership structure, in which the Chairman of the Board is not affiliated with Legg Mason, is appropriate. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information between the Independent Trustees and management, including the Fund’s Subadviser.

The Audit Committee oversees the scope of the Fund’s audit, the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The Audit Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the Fund’s accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices, the qualifications and independence of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Board for ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to its Manager and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the Fund’s operations and financial reporting. The Audit Committee has formed a sub-committee for purposes of reviewing shareholder reports as required under applicable listing standards.

The Contract Committee is charged with assisting the Board in requesting and evaluating such information from the Manager and the Subadviser as may reasonably be necessary to evaluate the terms of the Fund’s investment management agreement, subadvisory arrangements and distribution arrangements.

The Performance Committee is charged with assisting the Board in carrying out its oversight responsibilities over the Fund and fund management with respect to investment management, objectives, strategies, policies and procedures, performance and performance benchmarks, and the applicable risk management process.

The Governance Committee is charged with overseeing Board governance and related Trustee practices, including selecting and nominating persons for election or appointment by the Board as Trustees of the Trust. The Governance Committee has formed the Compensation and Nominating Committee, the function of which is to recommend to the Board the appropriate compensation for serving as a Trustee on the Board. In addition, the Compensation and Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other things, selecting and recommending candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Committee may consider nominees recommended by a shareholder. In evaluating potential nominees, including any nominees recommended by shareholders, the Committee takes into consideration various factors, including, among any others it may deem relevant, character and integrity, business and professional experience, and whether the committee believes the person has the ability to apply sound and independent business judgment and would act in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Trust’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders.

 

28


Service providers to the Fund, primarily the Fund’s Manager, the Subadviser and, as appropriate, their affiliates, have responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund, which includes responsibility for risk management. As an integral part of its responsibility for oversight of the Fund, the Board oversees risk management of the Fund’s investment program and business affairs. Oversight of the risk management process is part of the Board’s general oversight of the Fund and its service providers. The Board has emphasized to the Fund’s Manager and the Subadviser the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management. The Board exercises oversight of the risk management process primarily through the Audit Committee and the Performance Committee, and through oversight by the Board itself.

The Fund is subject to a number of risks, including investment risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk, reputational risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. The Fund’s Manager and the Subadviser, the affiliates of the Manager and the Subadviser, or various service providers to the Fund employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Fund’s and the Manager’s Chief Compliance Officer and the Manager’s chief risk officer, as well as personnel of the Subadviser and other service providers, such as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee, the Performance Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management, as well as events and circumstances that have arisen and responses thereto. The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to inherent limitations.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, the Board met 6 times, the Audit Committee met 4 times, the Audit Sub-committee met 2 times, the Governance Committee met 4 times, the Performance Committee met 4 times, the Compensation and Nominating Committee met 1 time, and the Contract Committee met 1 time.

Trustee Ownership of Securities

The following tables show the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Fund and other investment companies in the Legg Mason Funds complex overseen by the Trustees as of December 31, 2018.

 

Name of Trustee

  

Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in the Fund

($)

  

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity

Securities in All Registered

Investment Companies in Legg

Mason Funds Complex Overseen by

Trustee ($)

Independent Trustees:

     

Paul R. Ades

   None    Over 100,000

Andrew L. Breech

   None    Over 100,000

Dwight B. Crane

   None    Over 100,000

Althea L. Duersten

   None    Over 100,000

Frank G. Hubbard

   None    Over 100,000

Howard J. Johnson

   None    Over 100,000

Jerome H. Miller

   None    Over 100,000

Ken Miller

   Over 100,000    Over 100,000

Thomas F. Schlafly

   None    Over 100,000

Interested Trustee:

     

Jane Trust

   None    Over 100,000

 

29


As of December 31, 2018, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the Manager, the Subadviser, or the Distributor of the Fund, or of a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Manager, the Subadviser, or the Distributor of the Fund.

For serving as a Trustee of the Trust, each Independent Trustee receives an annual retainer plus fees for attending each regularly scheduled meeting and special Board meeting they attend in person or by telephone. Each Independent Trustee is also reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. Those Independent Trustees who serve in leadership positions of the Board or Board committees, and members of the Contract Committee, the Performance Committee, and the Compensation and Nominating Committee, receive additional compensation. The Board reviews the level of Trustee compensation periodically and Trustee compensation may change from time to time. Ms. Trust, an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, does not receive compensation from the Fund for her service as Trustee. The Fund pays its pro rata share of the fees and expenses of the Trustees based upon asset size.

Officers of the Trust receive no compensation from the Fund, although they may be reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses for attending Board meetings.

Trustee Compensation

Information regarding compensation paid to the Trustees is shown below.

 

Name of Trustee    Aggregate Compensation
from the Fund*($)
   Total Pension
or
Retirement
Benefits Paid
as Part of Fund
Expenses*
($)
   Total
Compensation
from Legg Mason
Funds Complex
Paid to
Trustee**
($)

Independent Trustees:

  

Paul R. Ades

   349    None    330,000

Andrew L. Breech

   349    None    345,000

Dwight B. Crane

   347    None    360,000

Althea L. Duersten

   349    None    330,000

Frank G. Hubbard

   354    None    330,000

Howard J. Johnson***

   347    None    365,000

Jerome H. Miller

   363    None    335,000

Ken Miller

   354    None    335,000

John J. Murphy****

   379    None    330,000

Thomas F. Schlafly

   385    None    330,000

Interested Trustee:

        

Jane Trust†

   None    None    None

 

*

Information is for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018.

**

Information is for the calendar year ended December 31, 2018.

 

30


***

The total amount of deferred compensation accrued by the Trust (including earnings or depreciation in value of amounts deferred) through December 31, 2018 for Mr. Howard J. Johnson is $128,528.

****

Compensation paid to Mr. John J. Murphy, a former trustee, prior to his death on December 31, 2018.

Ms. Trust is not compensated for her services as a Trustee because of her affiliations with the Manager.

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDER INFORMATION

Manager

The Manager, a limited liability company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, serves as investment manager to the Fund and provides administrative and certain oversight services to the Fund, pursuant to an investment management agreement (the “Management Agreement”). The Manager has offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York, 10018 and also serves as the investment manager of other Legg Mason Funds. The Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason, a Maryland corporation. Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 International Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company.

The Manager is responsible for managing the Fund consistent with the 1940 Act, the Code, the Fund’s investment objective, policies and restrictions described in the Prospectus and this SAI and in accordance with any exemptive orders issued by the SEC applicable to the Fund and any SEC staff no-action letters applicable to the Fund. Pursuant to the Management Agreement and subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Manager provides or causes to be furnished all investment management, supervisory, administrative and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of the fund, including: custodians; audit; portfolio accounting; legal; transfer agency and registrar; securities lending; depository; accounting services; indicative optimized portfolio value calculation; printing costs; insurance; certain distribution services (provided pursuant to a separate distribution agreement); and investment advisory services (provided pursuant to separate subadvisory agreements), under what is essentially an all-in fee or a unitary fee structure. The Fund bears other expenses which are not covered under the respective Management Agreement that may vary and will affect the total level of expenses paid by the fund, such as taxes and governmental fees, transaction expenses, costs of borrowing money (including interest expenses), future 12b-1 fees (if any), acquired fund fees and expenses and extraordinary expenses (such as litigation and indemnification expenses). The Manager may earn a profit on the fees charged under the Management Agreement and would benefit from any price decreases in third-party services covered by the Management Agreement, including decreases resulting from an increase in net assets.

The Manager is permitted to enter into contracts with subadvisers or subadministrators, subject to the Board’s approval and to the extent permitted by any exemptive orders or SEC staff no action letters applicable to the Fund. The Manager has entered into subadvisory arrangements, as described below.

The Management Agreement provides that the Manager, its affiliates performing services contemplated by the Management Agreement, and the partners, shareholders, directors, officers and employees of the Manager and such affiliates, will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law, for any loss arising out of any investment, or for any act or omission in the execution of securities transactions for the fund, but the Manager is not protected against any liability to the Fund to which the Manager would be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Management Agreement.

After the initial term of two years, the Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided its continuance is specifically approved at least annually with respect to the fund (a) by the Board or by a 1940 Act Vote, and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose.

The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate the Management Agreement, without penalty, on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the Manager. The Manager may terminate the Management Agreement, without penalty, upon not less than 90 days’ written notice to the Fund. The Management Agreement may be terminated immediately upon the mutual written consent of all parties to the Agreement. In addition, the Management Agreement terminates automatically upon its assignment.

For its services under the Fund’s Management Agreement, the Manager receives an investment management fee that is calculated daily and payable monthly according to the following schedule:

 

31


   

Investment Management Fee Rate

(% of Average Daily Net Assets)

   
 

 

0.53

 

 

The table below sets forth the management fees paid by the Fund to the Manager (waived/reimbursed amounts are in parentheses), with respect to the fiscal periods indicated:

 

For the Fiscal Period Ended
September 30,

   Gross
Management
Fees ($)
   Management
Fees
Waived/Expens

es
Reimbursed ($)
   Net Management
Fees (After
Waivers/Expense
Reimbursements) ($)

2018

   311,768    0    311,768

2017

   59,826    0    59,826

Any expense limitation arrangements in place during the Fund’s past three fiscal periods can be found in the Fund’s Prospectus in effect (as amended or supplemented from time to time) for such year.

Subadviser

ClearBridge Investments, LLC serves as the subadviser to the Fund (the “Subadviser”) pursuant to a subadvisory agreement between the Manager and the Subadviser (the “Subadvisory Agreement”). The Subadviser has offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018. The Subadviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.

As compensation for its services, the Manager pays to the Subadviser a fee equal to 70% of the management fee paid to the Manager by the Fund, net of (i) all fees and expenses incurred by the Manager under the Management Agreement (including without limitation any subadvisory fee paid to another subadviser to the Fund) and (ii) expense waivers and reimbursements. In no event shall the subadvisory fee be less than zero.

Western Asset Management Company, LLC, organized under the laws of the State of California, (“Western Asset” and together with the Subadviser, the “Subadviser”) manages the portion of the Fund’s cash and short-term instruments allocated to it pursuant to a separate subadvisory agreement between the Manager and Western Asset (the “Western Asset Agreement” and together with the Subadvisory Agreement, the “Subadvisory Agreement”). Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101 and 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018. Western Asset acts as investment adviser to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. Western Asset is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Under the Western Asset Agreement, Western Asset is responsible, subject to the general supervision of the Manager and the Board, for the management of the portion of the Fund’s cash and short term instruments allocated to it. For Western Asset’s services to the Fund, the Manager, not the Fund, pays Western Asset 0.02% of the portion of the Fund’s average daily net assets that are allocated to Western Asset by the Manager, net of expense waivers and reimbursements.

Under the Subadvisory Agreement, subject to the supervision of the Board and the Manager, the Subadviser regularly provides with respect to the portion of the Fund’s assets allocated to it by the Manager, investment research, advice, management and supervision; furnishes a continuous investment program for the allocated assets consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions; and places orders pursuant to its investment determinations. The Subadviser may delegate to companies that the Subadviser controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, certain of the Subadviser’s duties under a Subadvisory Agreement, subject to the Subadviser’s supervision, provided the Subadviser will not be relieved of its duties or obligations under the Subadvisory Agreement as a result of any delegation.

The Subadvisory Agreement will continue in effect for its initial term and thereafter from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the

 

32


Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate the Subadvisory Agreement without penalty, in each case on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice to the Subadviser. The Subadviser may terminate the respective Subadvisory Agreement, on 90 days’ written notice to the Fund and the Manager. The Subadvisory Agreement may be terminated upon the mutual written consent of the Manager and the Subadviser. The Subadvisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act) by the applicable Subadviser, and shall not be assignable by the Manager without the consent of the Subadviser.

The Subadvisory Agreement provides that the Subadviser, its affiliates performing services contemplated by the Subadvisory Agreement, and the partners, shareholders, directors, officers and employees of the Subadviser and such affiliates will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment, or for any act or omission in the execution of securities transactions for the Fund, but the Subadviser is not protected against any liability to the Fund or the Manager to which the Subadviser would be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Subadvisory Agreement.

Expenses

In addition to amounts payable under the Management Agreement, the Fund is responsible for the following expenses: taxes and governmental fees; costs (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any, or Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses as such term is defined in Form N-1A as the same may be amended from time to time) in connection with the creation and redemption transactions of the Fund’s shares and purchases and sales of the Fund’s securities and other investments and losses in connection therewith; costs of borrowing money, including interest expenses; and litigation expenses and any non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the fund is a party and any legal obligation which the Fund may have to indemnify the Fund’s Trustees and officers with respect thereto.

Management may agree to implement an expense cap, waive fees and/or reimburse operating expenses. Any such waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses are described in the Fund’s Prospectus. The expense caps and waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses do not cover extraordinary expenses, such as (a) any expenses or charges related to litigation, derivative actions, demand related to litigation, regulatory or other government investigations and proceedings, “for cause” regulatory inspections and indemnification or advancement of related expenses or costs, to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A as the same may be amended from time to time; (b) transaction costs (such as brokerage commissions and dealer and underwriter spreads) and taxes; and (c) other extraordinary expenses as determined for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time. Without limiting the foregoing, extraordinary expenses are generally those that are unusual or expected to recur only infrequently, and may include such expenses, by way of illustration, as (i) expenses of the reorganization, restructuring, redomiciling or merger of the Fund or the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of another fund; (ii) expenses of holding, and soliciting proxies for, a meeting of shareholders of the Fund (except to the extent relating to routine items such as the election of Trustees or the approval of the independent registered public accounting firm); and (iii) expenses of converting to a new custodian, transfer agent or other service provider, in each case to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A as the same may be amended from time to time.

In order to implement an expense limitation, the Manager will, as necessary, waive management fees or reimburse operating expenses. However, the Manager is permitted to recapture amounts waived or reimbursed by the manager to the Fund during the same fiscal year if the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the expense limitation shown in the Fund’s Prospectus. In no case will the Manager recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the Fund, in the Fund’s total annual fund operating expenses exceeding such expense limitation or any lower limit then in effect.

Portfolio Managers

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers

 

33


The table below identifies the portfolio managers, the number of accounts (other than the Fund) for which the portfolio managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts where fees are based on performance are also indicated, as applicable. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of September 30, 2018.

 

Portfolio
Managers
      

Type of

Account

  

Number of

Accounts

Managed

  

Total

Assets

Managed

(Billions)

($)

  

Number of

Accounts Managed
for which Advisory
Fee is

Performance-

Based

   Assets Managed for
which Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
(Billions) ($)
Richard A. Freeman      Registered Investment Companies    9        18.30    0    0
     Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    3        2.15    0    0
     Other Accounts    77,843        27.01    0    0
Margaret Vitrano      Registered Investment Companies    10        15.03    0    0
     Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    5        2.41    0    0
     Other Accounts    66,207        22.26    0    0
Evan Bauman      Registered Investment Companies    5        14.76    0    0
          Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    3        1.81    0    0
     Other Accounts    77,842        27.00    0    0
Peter Bourbeau      Registered Investment Companies    10        15.03    0    0
     Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    5        2.41    0    0

 

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          Other Accounts    66,207        22.26    0    0

Potential Conflicts of Interest

In this subsection and the next subsection titled “Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure”, “Subadviser” refers to ClearBridge Investments, LLC.

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when the Fund’s portfolio managers also have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for the Fund’s portfolio managers.

The Subadviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Subadviser and the individuals that each employs. For example, the Subadviser seeks to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. The Subadviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Subadviser and the Fund will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear. These potential conflicts include:

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

Allocation of Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies an investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity. The Subadviser has adopted policies and procedures to ensure that all accounts, including the Fund, are treated equitably.

Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

Selection of Broker/Dealers. In addition to executing trades, some broker/dealers provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. For this reason, the Subadviser has formed a brokerage committee that reviews, among other things, the allocation of brokerage to broker/dealers, best execution and soft dollar usage.

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the manager’s management fee (and the percentage paid to the Subadviser) differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others.

The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the manager and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure

The Subadviser’s portfolio managers participate in a competitive compensation program that is designed to attract and retain outstanding investment professionals and closely align the interests of its investment professionals with those of its

 

35


clients and overall firm results. The total compensation program includes a significant incentive component that rewards high performance standards, integrity, and collaboration consistent with the firm’s values. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed and modified each year as appropriate to reflect changes in the market and to ensure the continued alignment with the goals stated above. The Subadviser’s portfolio managers and other investment professionals receive a combination of base compensation and discretionary compensation, comprising a cash incentive award and deferred incentive plans described below.

Base salary compensation. Base salary is fixed and primarily determined based on market factors and the experience and responsibilities of the investment professional within the firm.

Discretionary compensation. In addition to base compensation managers may receive discretionary compensation.

Discretionary compensation can include:

 

   

Cash Incentive Award

   

The Subadviser’s Deferred Incentive Plan (CDIP)—a mandatory program that typically defers 15% of discretionary year-end compensation into the Subadviser’s managed products. For portfolio managers, one-third of this deferral tracks the performance of their primary managed product, one-third tracks the performance of a composite portfolio of the firm’s new product and one-third can be elected to track the performance of one or more of the Subadviser’s managed funds. Consequently, portfolio managers can have two-thirds of their CDIP award tracking the performance of their primary managed products

For centralized research analysts, two-thirds of their deferral is elected to track the performance of one of more of Subadviser’s managed funds, while one-third tracks the performance of the new product composite.

The Subadviser then makes a company investment in the proprietary managed funds equal to the deferral amounts by Fund. This investment is a company asset held on the balance sheet and paid out to the employees in the shares subject to vesting requirements.

   

Legg Mason Restricted Stock Deferral—a mandatory program that typically defers 5% of discretionary year-end compensation into Legg Mason restricted stock. The award is paid out to employees in shares subject to vesting requirements.

Several factors are considered by the Subadviser’s Senior Management when determining discretionary compensation for portfolio managers. These include but are not limited to:

 

   

Investment performance. A portfolio manager’s compensation is linked to the pre-tax investment performance of the fund/accounts managed by the portfolio manager. Investment performance is calculated for 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods measured against the applicable product benchmark (e.g., a securities index and, with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus) and relative to applicable industry peer groups. The greatest weight is generally placed on 3- and 5-year performance.

   

Appropriate risk positioning that is consistent with the Subadviser’s investment philosophy and the Investment Committee/CIO approach to generation of alpha.

   

Overall firm profitability and performance.

   

Amount and nature of assets managed by the portfolio manager.

   

Contributions for asset retention, gathering and client satisfaction.

   

Contribution to mentoring, coaching and/or supervising.

   

Contribution and communication of investment ideas in the Subadviser’s Investment Committee meetings and on a

day to day basis.

   

Market compensation survey research by independent third parties.

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

The table below identifies ownership of equity securities of the Fund by the portfolio managers responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund as of September 30, 2018.

 

    Portfolio Manager                                        

  

Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities ($)

 

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Richard A. Freeman    None
Margaret Vitrano    None
Evan Bauman    None
Peter Bourbeau    None

 

Custodian and Transfer Agent

The Fund has entered into an agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon”), 225 Liberty Street, New York, New York 10286, to serve as custodian of the Fund. BNY Mellon, among other things, maintains a custody account or accounts in the name of the Fund, receives and delivers all assets for the Fund upon purchase and upon sale or maturity, collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the assets of the Fund and makes disbursements on behalf of the Fund. BNY Mellon neither determines the Fund’s investment policies nor decides which securities the Fund will buy or sell. For its services, BNY Mellon receives a monthly fee based upon the daily average market value of securities held in custody and also receives securities transaction charges, including out-of-pocket expenses. The Fund may also periodically enter into arrangements with other qualified custodians with respect to certain types of securities or other transactions such as repurchase agreements or derivatives transactions. BNY Mellon may also act as the Fund’s securities lending agent and in that case would receive a share of the income generated by such activities.

The Trust has also entered into an agreement with BNY Mellon to serve as transfer agent to the Fund. Under its transfer agency agreement with the Trust, BNY Mellon provides the following services with respect to the Fund: (i) performing and facilitating the performance of purchases and redemptions of Creation Units, (ii) preparing and transmitting by means of DTC’s book-entry system payments for dividends and distributions declared by the Fund on or with respect to fund shares, (iii) preparing and delivering reports, information and documents as specified in the agreement, (iv) performing the customary services of a transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, and (v) rendering certain other miscellaneous services as specified in the transfer agency agreement or as otherwise agreed upon.

Fund Counsel

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, 787 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019, serves as legal counsel to the Trust and the Fund.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 100 East Pratt Street, Suite 2600, Baltimore, MD 21202 serves as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the “Shareholder information” section of the Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such section of the Prospectus.

The shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange. The shares trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ to some degree from their NAV. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares of the Fund will continue to be met.

The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of the Fund from listing subject to certain conditions, including if: (1) following the initial twelve-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are

 

37


fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (2) the IIV of the Fund is no longer calculated or available or the Fund’s disclosed portfolio is not made available to all market participants at the same time; (3) the Trust has failed to file any filings required by the SEC or the Exchange is aware that the Trust is not in compliance with the conditions of any exemptive order or no-action relief granted by the SEC to the Trust with respect to the Fund; or (4) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Exchange will remove the shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.

As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission determined by that broker.

In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares of the Fund, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an updated IIV for the fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Trust is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIV and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIV.

The Fund’s IIV is based on a securities component and a cash component which comprises that day’s Fund Deposit (as defined below), as disseminated prior to that Business Day’s (as defined below) commencement of trading. The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the Fund’s NAV, which is computed only once a day. The IIV does not include a reduction for the fees, operating expenses or transaction costs incurred by the Fund. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by the Fund. The quotations of fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the United States and thus may not reflect the current fair value of those securities.

The cash component included in the IIV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses. If applicable, the Fund’s IIV reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.

The Trust reserves the right to adjust the share prices of the Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Fund or an investor’s equity interest in the Fund.

The base and trading currencies of the Fund are the U.S. dollar. The base currency is the currency in which the Fund’s NAV per share is calculated and the trading currency is the currency in which shares of the Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange.

CONTINUOUS OFFERING

The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the fund on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the distributor, breaks them down into constituent shares and sells such shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of

 

38


Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to shares of the Fund are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange generally is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.

BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM

DTC acts as securities depositary for the shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Certificates will not be issued for shares.

DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of participants of DTC (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “beneficial owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and beneficial owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to beneficial owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares holdings of each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of beneficial owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such beneficial owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and beneficial owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to beneficial owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and beneficial owners owning through such DTC Participants.

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law.

 

39


Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such a replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.

CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS

The Trust issues and sells shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at the NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form as described in the Participant Agreement (as defined below), on any Business Day (as defined below). The number of shares comprising a Creation Unit is set forth in the chart below:

 

Creation Unit Size

50,000

In its discretion, the Manager reserves the right to increase or decrease the number of the Fund’s shares that constitutes a Creation Unit. The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of the Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.

A “Business Day” with respect to the Fund is each day the Trust is open, including any day that the Fund is required to be open under Section 22(e) of the 1940 Act, which excludes weekends and the following holidays (or the days on which they are observed): New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Orders from Authorized Participants to create or redeem Creation Units will only be accepted on a Business Day.

Fund Deposit

The consideration for purchase of Creation Units consists of Deposit Securities and cash under limited circumstances. The Deposit Securities will correspond pro rata to the positions in the Fund’s portfolio (including cash positions) except (a) in the case of bonds, for minor differences when it is impossible to break up bonds beyond certain minimum sizes needed for transfer and settlement; (b) for minor differences when rounding is necessary to eliminate fractional shares or lots that are not tradeable round lots; or (c) To Be Announced (“TBA”) transactions, short positions, derivatives and other positions that cannot be transferred in kind. If there is a difference between the NAV attributable to a Creation Unit and the aggregate market value of the Deposit Securities or Redemption Securities (as defined below) exchanged for the Creation Unit, the party conveying the instruments with the lower value will pay to the other an amount in cash equal to that difference (the “Cash Component”). Together, the Deposit Securities and Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The Deposit Securities and the securities that will be delivered in an in-kind transfer in a redemption (“Redemption Securities”) will be identical.

Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units may be made in whole or in part on a cash basis, rather than in kind, solely under the following circumstances: (a) to the extent there is a Cash Component, as described above; (b) if, on a given Business Day, the Fund announces before the open of trading that all purchases, all redemptions or all purchases and redemptions on that day will be made entirely in cash; (c) if, upon receiving a purchase or redemption order from an Authorized Participant, the Fund determines to require the purchase or redemption, as applicable, to be made entirely in cash; (d) if, on a given Business Day, the Fund requires all Authorized Participants purchasing or redeeming shares on that day to deposit or receive (as applicable) cash in lieu of some or all of the Deposit Securities or Redemption Securities, respectively, solely because: (i) such instruments are not eligible for transfer either through the NSCC process or DTC process; or (ii) in the case of the Fund holding non-U.S. investments, such instruments are not eligible for trading due to local trading restrictions, local restrictions on securities transfers or other similar circumstances; or (e) if the fund permits an Authorized Participant to deposit or receive (as applicable) cash in lieu of some or all of the Deposit Securities or Redemption Securities, respectively, solely because: (i) such instruments are, in the case of the purchase of a Creation Unit, not available in sufficient quantity; (ii) such instruments are not eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor on whose behalf the Authorized Participant is acting; or (iii) a holder of shares of the Fund holding non-U.S. investments would be subject to unfavorable income tax treatment

 

40


if the holder receives redemption proceeds in kind. A purchase or redemption of shares made in whole or in part on a cash basis in reliance on (e)(i) or (e)(ii) is known as a “Custom Order.”

The Fund will cause to be published through the NSCC, on each Business Day, prior to the opening of trading on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the identity and the required number of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component (if any) to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day).

Procedures for Creating Creation Units

To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to create a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must have executed an agreement with the Distributor, subject to acceptance by the Transfer Agent, with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Participant Agreement”) (discussed below). Each such entity must be either (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System (the “Clearing Process”) of the NSCC, a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant. Any entity that has executed a Participant Agreement is referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” All shares of the Fund, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of its nominee for the account of a DTC Participant.

The date on which an order to create Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as discussed below) is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Subject to the terms of the Participant Agreement, all orders to create Creation Units of the Fund must be received by the Distributor no later than the closing time of the regular trading session of the NYSE (“Closing Time”) (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on the Transmittal Date to be effected based on the NAV of shares as next determined after receipt of an order in proper form on the Transmittal Date.

Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant. The Fund reserves the absolute right to reject a purchase order (see “Acceptance of Creation Orders”).

All investor orders to create Creation Units shall be placed with an Authorized Participant in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, an Authorized Participant may request that an investor make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to an order (to provide for payments of cash). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, therefore, orders to create Creation Units of the Fund will have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant. In such cases, there may be additional charges to such investor.

Creation Units may be created in advance of the receipt by the Fund of all or a portion of the Fund Deposit. In such cases, the Authorized Participant will remain liable for the full deposit of the missing portion(s) of the Fund Deposit and will be required to post collateral with the Fund consisting of cash in an amount not less than 105% of the marked-to-market value of such missing portion(s). The Fund may use such collateral to buy the missing portion(s) of the Fund Deposit at any time and will subject such Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Fund of purchasing such securities and the value of such collateral. The Fund will have no liability for any such shortfall. The Fund will return any unused portion of the collateral to the Authorized Participant once the entire Fund Deposit has been properly received by the Distributor and deposited into the Fund.

Orders for creation that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of Deposit Securities and Cash Component.

Subject to the conditions that (i) a properly completed irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor’s behalf) not later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to the Fund are in place for payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Fund will accept the order, subject to its right (and the right of the Distributor and the Manager) to reject any order not submitted in proper form. A Creation Unit of the Fund will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the

 

41


extent contemplated by a Participant Agreement, Creation Units will be issued to an Authorized Participant notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of such Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral. The Participant Agreement will permit the Fund to use such collateral to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Fund of purchasing such securities and the value of the collateral.

Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process

Authorized Participants making payment for orders of Creation Units of shares of the Fund must have international trading capabilities and must effect such transactions “outside” the NSCC Clearing Process. Once the Custodian has been notified of an order to purchase, it will provide such information to the relevant sub-custodian(s) of the Fund. The Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian(s) of the Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, the Fund Deposit. Deposit Securities must be maintained by the applicable local sub-custodian(s). Following the notice of intention, an irrevocable order to purchase Creation Units, in the form required by the Fund, must be received by the Distributor, as principal underwriter, from an Authorized Participant on its own or another investor’s behalf by the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date.

The Trust must also receive, on or before the contractual settlement date, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Custodian to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after receipt in proper form of the purchase order, together with the creation transaction fee described below.

Acceptance of Creation Orders

The Fund and the Distributor reserve the absolute right to reject or revoke acceptance of a creation order transmitted to it in respect to the Fund, for example, if: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (iii) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (iv) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of the Fund, be unlawful; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Fund or the Manager, have an adverse effect on the Fund or the rights of beneficial owners of the Fund; or (vi) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Fund make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, facsimile and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Fund, the Manager, the Subadviser, the Custodian, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC’s Continuous Net Settlement System, Federal Reserve, the Transfer Agent or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Fund, the Transfer Agent and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

All questions as to the number of shares of Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered and the amount and form of the Cash Component, as applicable, shall be determined by the Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

Creation Transaction Fee

The Fund imposes a creation transaction fee as listed in the table below on each creation transaction regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased in the transaction.

 

Creation Transaction Fee ($)

350.00

In the case of cash creations or where the Fund permits a creator to substitute cash in lieu of depositing a portion of the Deposit Securities, the creator may be assessed an additional variable charge of up to 2.0% of the value of a Creation Unit to compensate the Fund for the costs associated with purchasing the applicable securities.

 

42


As a result, in order to seek to replicate the in-kind creation order process, the Fund expects to purchase, in the secondary market or otherwise gain exposure to, the portfolio securities that could have been delivered as a result of an in-kind creation order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (“Market Purchases”). In such cases where the Fund makes Market Purchases, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Fund for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were purchased by the Fund and the cash in lieu amount (which amount, at the Manager’s discretion, may be capped), applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes. The Manager may adjust the transaction fee to the extent the composition of the Deposit Securities changes or cash in lieu is added to the Cash Component to protect ongoing shareholders. Creators of Creation Units are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Fund.

Redemption of Creation Units

Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form on a Business Day and only through an Authorized Participant. Redemption orders for Creation Units in the Fund must be received by the Distributor in proper form no later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date to receive the NAV on the same Transmittal Date.

The Fund will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units (except the Fund may redeem shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit in the event the Fund is being liquidated or for other extraordinary purposes, such as a merger). Beneficial owners must accumulate enough shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such shares redeemed by the Trust. However, only Authorized Participants can trade directly with the Fund. There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Authorized Participants should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a Creation Unit. All redemptions are subject to the procedures contained in the applicable Participant Agreement.

The Fund is responsible for making available, through the NSCC, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Fund’s Redemption Securities and/or an amount of cash that will be applicable to redemption requests received in proper form (as described below) on that day. The Redemption Securities will be identical to the Deposit Securities.

Redemptions of Creation Units may be made in whole or in part on a cash basis, rather than in kind, solely under the following circumstances: (a) to the extent there is a Cash Component; (b) if, on a given Business Day, the Fund announces before the open of trading that all purchases, all redemptions or all purchases and redemptions on that day will be made entirely in cash; (c) if, upon receiving a redemption order from an Authorized Participant, the Fund determines to require the redemption to be made entirely in cash; (d) if, on a given Business Day, the Fund requires all Authorized Participants redeeming shares on that day to receive cash in lieu of some or all of the Redemption Securities, solely because: (i) such instruments are not eligible for transfer either through the NSCC or DTC; or (ii) in the case of funds holding non-U.S. investments, such instruments are not eligible for trading due to local trading restrictions, local restrictions on securities transfers or other similar circumstances; or (e) if the Fund permits an Authorized Participant to receive cash in lieu of some or all of the Redemption Securities solely because: (i) such instruments are not eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor on whose behalf the Authorized Participant is acting; or (ii) a holder of shares of a fund holding non-U.S. investments would be subject to unfavorable income tax treatment if the holder receives redemption proceeds in kind.

An Authorized Participant, or a beneficial owner of shares for which it is acting, subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. This would specifically prohibit delivery of Redemption Securities that are not registered in reliance upon Rule 144A under the 1933 Act to a redeeming beneficial owner of shares that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming beneficial owner of the shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment.

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund: (i) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund or determination of the Fund’s NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as permitted by the SEC.

 

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Redemption Transaction Fee

The Fund imposes a redemption transaction fee as listed in the table below on each redemption transaction regardless of the number of Creation Units being redeemed in the transaction.

 

  Redemption Transaction Fee  
($)

350.00

An additional variable charge of up to 2.0% of the value of a Creation Unit for cash redemptions or partial cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are permitted or required for the Fund) may also be imposed to compensate the Fund for the costs associated with selling the applicable securities.

In order to seek to replicate the in-kind redemption order process, the Fund expects to sell, in the secondary market, the portfolio securities or settle any financial instruments that may not be permitted to be re-registered in the name of the Authorized Participant as a result of an in-kind redemption order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (“Market Sales”). In such cases where the Fund makes Market Sales, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Fund for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were sold or settled by the Fund and the cash in lieu amount (which amount, at the Manager’s discretion, may be capped), applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes (“Transaction Costs”). The Manager may adjust the transaction fee to the extent the composition of the Redemption Securities changes or cash in lieu is added to the Cash Component to protect ongoing shareholders. In no event will fees charged by the Fund in connection with a redemption exceed 2% of the value of each Creation Unit. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. To the extent the Fund cannot recoup the amount of Transaction Costs incurred in connection with a redemption from the redeeming shareholder because of the 2% cap or otherwise, those Transaction Costs will be borne by the Fund’s remaining shareholders and negatively affect the Fund’s performance.

Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process

Redemption orders for Creation Units must be received by the Distributor no later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date to receive the NAV next determined after receipt of the order in proper form on the Transmittal Date.

Arrangements satisfactory to the Fund must be in place for the Authorized Participant to transfer the Creation Units through DTC on or before the contractual settlement date. Redemptions of shares for Redemption Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits or requires cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund could not lawfully deliver specific Redemption Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Deposit Securities under such laws.

In connection with taking delivery of shares for Redemption Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or entity acting on behalf of a redeeming shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Redemption Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Redemption Securities will be delivered. If neither the redeeming shareholder nor the entity acting on behalf of a redeeming shareholder has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Redemption Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Redemption Securities in such jurisdictions, the Fund may, in its discretion, exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming shareholder will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash.

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The net asset value per share of the Fund is calculated on each day, Monday through Friday, except days on which the NYSE is closed. As of the date of this SAI, the NYSE is normally open for trading every weekday except in the event of an emergency or for the following holidays (or the days on which they are observed): New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Please see the Prospectus for a description of the procedures used by the Fund in valuing its assets.

 

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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

Portfolio Transactions

Pursuant to the Subadvisory Agreement and subject to the general supervision of the Board and in accordance with the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies, the Subadviser is responsible for the execution of the Fund’s portfolio transactions with respect to assets allocated to the Subadviser. The Subadviser is authorized to place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for the Fund either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer, foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or others selected by it.

In certain instances, there may be securities that are suitable as an investment for the Fund as well as for one or more of the other clients of the Subadviser. Investment decisions for the Fund and for the Subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same investment adviser, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could adversely affect the price of or the size of the position obtainable in a security for the Fund. When purchases or sales of the same security for the Fund and for other portfolios managed by the Subadviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large volume purchases or sales.

Transactions on stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions by the Fund. Transactions in foreign securities often involve the payment of brokerage commissions that may be higher than those in the United States. Fixed income securities are generally traded on a net basis (i.e., without a commission) through dealers acting as principal for their own account and not as brokers. This means that a dealer makes a market for securities by offering to buy at one price and selling the security at a slightly higher price. The difference between the prices is known as a “spread.” Other portfolio transactions may be executed through brokers acting as agents and the Fund will pay a spread or commission in connection with such transactions. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission, concession or a net price. The Fund may also purchase securities directly from the issuer. The aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the three most recent fiscal years or periods, as applicable, are set forth below under “Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid.”

Brokerage and Research Services

The general policy of the Subadviser in selecting brokers and dealers is to obtain the best results achievable in the context of a number of factors which are considered both in relation to individual trades and broader trading patterns. The Fund may not always pay the lowest commission or spread available. Rather, in placing orders on behalf of the Fund, the Subadviser also takes into account other factors bearing on the overall quality of execution, such as size of the order, difficulty of execution, the reliability of the broker/dealer, the competitiveness of the price and the commission, the research services received and whether the broker/dealer commits its own capital.

In connection with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, subject to applicable law, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act) to the Fund and/or the other accounts over which the Subadviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The Subadviser is authorized to pay a broker or dealer that provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Fund which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Subadviser determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. Investment research services include information and analysis on particular companies and industries as well as market or economic trends and portfolio strategy, market quotations for portfolio evaluations, analytical software and similar products and services. If a research service also assists the Subadviser in a non-research capacity (such as bookkeeping or other

 

45


administrative functions), then only the percentage or component that provides assistance to the Subadviser in the investment decision making process may be paid in commission dollars. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities that the Subadviser and its affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The Subadviser may also have arrangements with brokers pursuant to which such brokers provide research services to the Subadviser in exchange for a certain volume of brokerage transactions to be executed by such brokers. While the payment of higher commissions increases the Fund’s costs, the Subadviser does not believe that the receipt of such brokerage and research services significantly reduces its expenses as Subadviser. Arrangements for the receipt of research services from brokers (so-called “soft dollar” arrangements) may create conflicts of interest. Although the Subadviser is authorized to use soft dollar arrangements in order to obtain research services, it is not required to do so, and the Subadviser may not be able or may choose not to use soft dollar arrangements because of regulatory restrictions, operational considerations or for other reasons.

Research services furnished to the Subadviser by brokers that effect securities transactions for the Fund may be used by the Subadviser in servicing other investment companies and accounts which the Subadviser manages. Similarly, research services furnished to the Subadviser by brokers that effect securities transactions for other investment companies and accounts which the Subadviser manages may be used by the Subadviser in servicing the Fund. Not all of these research services are used by the Subadviser in managing any particular account, including the Fund.

Firms that provide research and brokerage services to the Subadviser may also promote the sale of the Fund or other pooled investment vehicles advised by the Subadviser, and the Subadviser and/or its affiliates may separately compensate them for doing so. Such brokerage business is placed on the basis of brokerage and research services provided by the firm and is not based on any sales of the Fund or other pooled investment vehicles advised by the Subadviser.

The Fund contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining the best net results, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated broker/dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. The Fund’s Board has adopted procedures in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to such affiliates are reasonable and fair in the context of the market in which such affiliates operate. For the three most recent fiscal periods (as applicable), the Fund did not pay any brokerage commission to its affiliates.

The table below shows the amount of transactions (if any) for the most recent fiscal period that were directed to firms that provided research services and the commissions paid on such transactions.

 

  Total Amount of Brokerage Transactions  
Related to Research Services ($)

  

  Total Commissions Paid on Transactions  
Related to Research Services ($)

10,505,486

   2,119

Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid

The table below shows the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during the periods indicated.

 

    For the Fiscal Period Ended September 30,    

 

    Aggregate Brokerage Commissions Paid ($)     

2018

  3,324

2017

  1,161

Securities of Regular Broker/Dealers

As of September 30, 2018, the Fund did not hold securities issued by its regular broker/dealers.

Portfolio Turnover

For reporting purposes, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Fund during the

 

46


fiscal year. In determining such portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Fund’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year.

In the event that portfolio turnover increases, this increase necessarily results in correspondingly greater transaction costs which must be paid by the Fund. To the extent the portfolio trading results in recognition of net short-term capital gains, shareholders will be taxed on distributions of such gains at ordinary tax rates (except shareholders who invest through IRAs and other retirement plans which are not taxed currently on accumulations in their accounts).

Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Subadviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

 

                     For the Fiscal Period Ended                    
2018 (%)

         

                     For the Fiscal Period Ended                    
2017 (%)

15

     2

SHARE OWNERSHIP

Principal Shareholders

DTC is the securities depository for the shares of the Trust, and shares of the Fund are registered in the name of DTC or its nominee. Although the Fund does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of DTC participants, as of December 31, 2018, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund were as follows:

DTC is the securities depository for the shares of the Trust, and shares of the Fund are registered in the name of DTC or its nominee. Although the Fund does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of DTC participants, as of January 2, 2019, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund were as follows:

 

Name and Address

 

  

Percent of

 

Ownership (%)    

 

Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC

1300 Thames Street

6th Floor

Baltimore, MD 21231

 

   32.45
      

Raymond James

880 Carillon Pkwy

St Petersburg FL 33716-1100

 

   22.58
      

LPL Financial Corporation

4707 Executive Drive

San Diego, CA 92121

 

   12.27
      

 

47


UBS Wm USA FBO

Spec Cdy A/C Exl Ben Customers

Of UBSFSI

1000 Harbor Blvd

Weehawken, NJ 07086

 

   10.80

As of December 31, 2018, the Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

DISTRIBUTOR

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC, a wholly-owned broker/dealer subsidiary of Legg Mason, located at 100 International Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, serves as the sole and exclusive distributor of the Fund pursuant to a written agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”).

Shares of the Fund are continuously offered by the Distributor only in Creation Units, as described in the Fund’s Prospectus and above in the “Creations and Redemptions” section of this SAI. Fund shares in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the Fund’s Prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act, and a member of the FINRA. The Distributor is also licensed as a broker-dealer in all fifty U.S. states as well as in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia.

The Distribution Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to the Fund if approved (a) by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, and (b) by the affirmative vote of a majority of Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons of any party by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose.

The Distribution Agreement is terminable with respect to the Fund without penalty by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, or by the Distributor, on not less than 60 days’ written notice to the other party (unless the notice period is waived by mutual consent). The Distribution Agreement will automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its assignment.

Legg Mason or its affiliates may, from time to time and from their own resources, pay, defray or absorb costs relating to distribution, including payments out of their own resources to the distributor, or to otherwise promote the sale of shares.

Legg Mason and/or its affiliates pay certain broker-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) for certain activities related to the Fund or exchange-traded products in general. Legg Mason and/or its affiliates make these payments from their own assets and not from the assets of the Fund. Although a portion of Legg Mason’s revenue comes directly or indirectly in part from fees paid by the Fund, these payments do not increase the price paid by investors for the purchase of shares of, or the cost of owning, the Fund. Legg Mason and/or its affiliates make payments for Intermediaries’ participation in activities that are designed to make registered representatives, other professionals and individual investors more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as participation in marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, the development of technology platforms and reporting systems (“Education Costs”). Legg Mason and/or its affiliates also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Fund or materials relating to exchange-traded products in general (“Publishing Costs”). In addition, Legg Mason and/or its affiliates make payments to Intermediaries that make shares of the Fund available to their clients, develop new products that feature the Fund or otherwise promote the Fund. Legg Mason and/or its affiliates may also reimburse expenses or make payments from their own assets to Intermediaries or other persons in consideration of services or other activities that Legg Mason and/or its affiliates believe may benefit the exchange-traded products business or facilitate investment in the Fund.

Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your salesperson or other investment professional may also be significant for your salesperson or other investment professional.

 

48


Because an Intermediary may make decisions about which investment options it will recommend or make available to its clients or what services to provide for various products based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments may create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients and these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Fund over other investments. The same conflicts of interest and financial incentives exist with respect to your salesperson or other investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.

Legg Mason and/or its affiliates make Education Costs and Publishing Costs payments to other Intermediaries based on any number of metrics. For example, Legg Mason and/or its affiliates may make payments at year-end or other intervals in a fixed amount, an amount based upon an Intermediary’s services at defined levels or an amount based on the Intermediary’s net sales of one or more funds in a year or other period, any of which arrangements may include an agreed-upon minimum or maximum payment, or any combination of the foregoing. Please contact your salesperson or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive. Any payments made by Legg Mason and/or its affiliates to an Intermediary may create the incentive for an Intermediary to encourage customers to buy shares of the Fund.

In addition, Legg Mason and/or its affiliates may enter into other contractual arrangements with Intermediaries that Legg Mason and/or its affiliates believe may benefit the ETF business or facilitate investment in Legg Mason-sponsored ETFs. Such agreements may include payments by Legg Mason and/or its affiliates to such Intermediaries for data collection and provision, technology support, platform enhancement, or co-marketing and cross-promotional efforts. Payments made pursuant to such arrangements may vary in any year and may be different for different Intermediaries. In certain cases, the payments described in the preceding sentence may be subject to certain minimum payment levels. Such payments will not be asset- or revenue-based.

The Fund may participate in certain market maker incentive programs of a national securities exchange in which an affiliate of the Fund would pay a fee to the exchange used for the purpose of incentivizing one or more market makers in the securities of the Fund to enhance the liquidity and quality of the secondary market of securities of the Fund. The fee would then be credited by the exchange to one or more market makers that meet or exceed liquidity and market quality standards with respect to the securities of the Fund. Each market maker incentive program is subject to approval from the SEC. Any such fee payments made to an exchange will be made by an affiliate of the Fund solely for the benefit of the Fund and will not be paid from any Fund assets. Other funds managed by Legg Mason participate in such programs.

Distribution and Service Plan

The Board has adopted a distribution and service plan (the “12b-1 Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Under the 12b-1 Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its shares and pay service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing services to shareholders and the maintenance of shareholder accounts in an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year.

No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no current plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because these fees would be paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, these fees would increase the cost of your investment in the Fund. By purchasing shares subject to distribution fees and service fees, you might pay more over time than you would by purchasing shares with other types of sales charge arrangements. Long-term shareholders may pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge permitted by the rules of FINRA. The net income attributable to shares will be reduced by the amount of distribution fees and service fees and other expenses of the Fund.

PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

The Manager delegates to the Subadviser the responsibility for voting proxies for the Fund through its contracts with the Subadviser. The Subadviser may use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies of the Fund if the Fund’s Board reviews and approves the use of those policies and procedures. Accordingly, the Manager does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for the Fund.

Should the Manager become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of the Subadviser to provide investment advisory services, the Manager shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent

 

49


Subadviser to vote proxies until a new Subadviser is retained and the use of its proxy voting policies and procedures is authorized by the Board. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of the Manager (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at the Manager) and any fund, the Board of Directors of the Manager shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. The Manager shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations.

The Manager shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from the Subadviser and providing them to the Fund as required for the Fund to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act. The Manager shall also be responsible for coordinating the provision of information to the Board with regard to the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Subadviser, including the actual proxy voting policies and procedures of the Subadviser, changes to such policies and procedures, and reports on the administration of such policies and procedures.

The Subadviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures govern in determining how proxies relating to the Fund’s portfolio securities are voted. A copy of the proxy voting policies and procedures is attached as Appendix A to this SAI. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve month period ended June 30 is available without charge (1) by calling 1-877-721-1926, (2) on www.leggmason.com/etfliterature (click on the name of the Fund) and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

On each Business Day, before the commencement of trading in its shares on the Exchange, the Fund will disclose on www.leggmason.com/etfproducts (click on the name of the Fund) the identities and quantities of the Fund’s portfolio holdings that will form the basis for the Fund’s calculation of NAV per share at the end of the Business Day. The Manager, the Subadviser, and the Fund will not disclose information concerning the identities and quantities of the portfolio securities held by the Fund before such information is publicly disclosed and is available to the entire investing public. Personnel of such entities with knowledge about the composition of a Fund Deposit will be prohibited from disclosing such information to any other person, except as authorized in the course of their employment, until such information is made public. The Trust has executed confidentiality agreements with its service providers who are provided information about the Fund Deposit.

THE TRUST

The certificate of trust to establish the Trust was filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on June 8, 2015. The Fund is a series of the Trust. The Trust’s name was changed from Legg Mason ETF Equity Trust to Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust effective on February 15, 2017.

The Trust is a Maryland statutory trust. A Maryland statutory trust is an unincorporated business association that is established under, and governed by, Maryland law. Maryland law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Trustees and shareholders of a statutory trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Trustees and the shareholders are determined by the trustees as set forth in a trust’s declaration of trust. The Trust’s Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration”) provides that by becoming a shareholder of the Fund, each shareholder shall be expressly held to have agreed to be bound by the provisions of the Declaration and any other governing instrument of the Trust, such as the by-laws of the Trust, which contain additional rules governing the conduct of the business of the Trust.

Some of the more significant provisions of the Declaration are summarized below. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of the Declaration.

Shareholder Voting

Under the Declaration, the Trustees have broad authority to direct the business and affairs of the Trust. The Declaration provides for shareholder voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Maryland law, actions by the Trustees without seeking the consent of shareholders. For example, the Trustees are empowered to amend the Declaration or authorize the merger or consolidation of the Trust into another trust or entity, reorganize the Trust or any series or class into another trust or entity or a series or class of another entity, sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust or any series or class to another entity, or a series or class of another entity, terminate the Trust or any series or class, or

 

50


adopt or amend the by-laws of the Trust, in each case without shareholder approval if the 1940 Act would not require such approval.

The Fund is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders, but the Fund will call special meetings of shareholders whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the Declaration. The Declaration provides for “dollar-weighted voting” which means that a shareholder’s voting power is determined, not by the number of shares he or she owns, but by the dollar value of those shares determined on the record date. All shareholders of record of all series and classes of the Trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series or by class, or when the Trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes of shares. There is no cumulative voting on any matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders.

Election and Removal of Trustees

The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish the number of Trustees and that vacancies on the Board may be filled by the remaining Trustees, except when election of Trustees by the shareholders is required under the 1940 Act. When a vote of shareholders is required to elect Trustees, the Declaration provides that such Trustees shall be elected by a plurality of votes cast by shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The Declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the Trustees and that Trustees may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of shareholders holding two-thirds of the voting power of the Trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining Trustees. The provisions of the Declaration relating to the election and removal of Trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the Trustees.

Amendments to the Declaration

The Trustees are authorized to amend the Declaration without the vote of shareholders, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the Declaration to persons who are or have been shareholders, Trustees, officers or, employees of the Trust or that limits the rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided in the Declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance under the Declaration prior to the amendment.

Issuance and Redemption of Shares

The Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares for such consideration and on such terms as the Trustees may determine. All shares offered pursuant to the Prospectus of the Fund, when issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable. Shareholders are not entitled to any appraisal rights with respect to their shares and, except as the Trustees may determine, shall have no preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights. The Fund may involuntarily redeem a shareholder’s shares upon certain conditions as may be determined by the Trustees, including, for example, if the shareholder fails to provide the Fund with identification required by law, or if the Fund is unable to verify the information received from the shareholder. Additionally, as discussed below, shares may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Trustees may in their sole discretion determine that shares of any series or class shall be issued and redeemed only in aggregations of such number of shares and at such time as may be determined by, or determined pursuant to procedures or methods prescribed or approved by, the Trustees from time to time with respect to any series or class. The number of shares comprising an aggregation for purposes of issuance or redemption with respect to any series or class are referred to as a “Creation Unit” and, collectively, as “Creation Units” (or such other term as the Trustees shall determine) The Trustees shall have the power, in connection with the issuance of any Creation Unit, to charge such transaction fees or other fees as the Trustees shall determine. In addition, the Trustees may, from time to time in their sole discretion, determine to change the number of shares constituting a Creation Unit. If the Trustees determine to issue shares of any series or class in Creation Units, then only shares of such series or class comprising a Creation Unit shall be redeemable by the Trust with respect to any applicable series or class. Unless the Trustees otherwise shall determine, there shall be no redemption of any partial or fractional Creation Unit.

Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings

The Declaration specifically requires shareholders, upon demand, to disclose to the Fund such information with respect to their ownership of shares of the Fund, whether direct or indirect, as the Trustees may deem necessary in order to comply with

 

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various laws or regulations or for such other purpose as the Trustees may decide. The Fund may disclose such ownership information if required by law or regulation, or as the Trustees otherwise decide.

Small Accounts

The Declaration provides that the Fund may close out a shareholder’s account by redeeming all of the shares in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the Trustees from time to time. Alternately, the Declaration permits the Fund to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.

Series and Classes

The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish series and classes in addition to those currently established and that the Trustees may determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The Trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series or class, combine series with other series in the Trust, combine one or more classes of a series with another class in that series or convert the shares of one class into shares of another class.

Each share of the Fund, as a series of the Trust, represents an interest in the Fund only and not in the assets of any other series of the Trust.

Shareholder, Trustee and Officer Liability

The Declaration provides that shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of the Fund and requires the Fund to indemnify a shareholder against any loss or expense claimed solely because of the shareholder’s being or having been a shareholder. The Fund will assume the defense of any claim against a shareholder for personal liability at the request of the shareholder. The Declaration further provides that a Trustee acting in his or her capacity as a Trustee is not personally liable to any person, other than the Trust or its shareholders, in connection with the affairs of the Trust. Each Trustee is required to perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she believes to be in the best interests of the Trust. All actions and omissions of Trustees are presumed to be in accordance with the foregoing standard of performance, and any person alleging the contrary has the burden of proving that allegation.

The Declaration limits a Trustee’s liability to the Trust or any shareholder to the fullest extent permitted under current Maryland law by providing that a Trustee is liable to the Trust or its shareholders for monetary damages only (a) to the extent that it is proved that he or she actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) to the extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the Trustee is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the Trustee’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. The Declaration requires the Trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and expenses in connection with any claim or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of having been a Trustee, officer or employee. Subject to applicable federal law, expenses related to the defense against any claim to which indemnification may apply shall be advanced by the Trust upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient of those expenses to repay the advanced amount if it is ultimately found that he or she is not entitled to indemnification. In making any determination as to whether a person has engaged in conduct for which indemnification is not available, or as to whether there is reason to believe that such person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification, such person shall be afforded a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.

The Declaration provides that any Trustee who serves as chair of the Board, a member or chair of a committee of the Board, lead independent Trustee, audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

Derivative Actions

The Declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to the Fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a

 

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demand by no fewer than three unrelated shareholders must be made on the Trustees. The Declaration details information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. The Trustees are not required to consider a demand that is not submitted in accordance with the requirements contained in the Declaration. The Declaration also requires that, in order to bring a derivative action, the complaining shareholders must be joined in the action by shareholders owning, at the time of the alleged wrongdoing, at the time of demand, and at the time the action is commenced, shares representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected funds. The Trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended for an additional period not to exceed 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand determine that a suit should be maintained, then the Trust will commence the suit and the suit will proceed directly and not derivatively. If a majority of the independent Trustees determines that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Fund, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not consistent with the standard of performance required of the Trustees in performing their duties. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the consideration of the demand, if, in the judgment of the independent Trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the Declaration, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Fund’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The Declaration further provides that the Fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that the Fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The Declaration also requires that actions by shareholders against the Trust or the Fund be brought only in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland (Baltimore Division), or if such action may not be brought in that court, then such action shall be brought in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City and that the right to jury trial be waived to the fullest extent permitted by law.

The Declaration further provides that no provision of the Declaration will be effective to require a waiver of compliance with any provision of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the 1940 Act, or of any valid rule, regulation or order of the Commission thereunder.

TAXES

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. This discussion is very general and does not address all the potential U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to the Fund or to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special tax rules. This summary is based upon the Code, its legislative history, Treasury regulations (including temporary and proposed regulations), published rulings, and court decisions, each as of the date of this SAI and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, which could affect the continuing accuracy of this discussion. This discussion assumes that each shareholder holds its shares of the Fund as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Current and prospective shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific federal, state, local, and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund.

Tax reform legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act makes significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules for individuals and corporations, generally effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Most of the changes applicable to individuals are temporary and, without further legislation, will not apply after 2025. The application of certain provisions of the Tax Act is uncertain, and the changes to the Code that the Tax Act enacted may have direct or indirect effects on the Fund, its investments, or its shareholders that cannot be predicted. In addition, legislative, regulatory, or administrative changes to, or in respect of the application of, the Tax Act could be enacted or promulgated at any time, either prospectively or with retroactive effect. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisers regarding the implications of the Tax Act on their investment in the Fund.

Tax Treatment of Creations and Redemptions of Creation Units

An Authorized Participant generally will recognize either gain or loss upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units. This gain or loss is calculated by taking the market value of the Creation Units purchased over the Authorized Participant’s aggregate basis in the Deposit Securities exchanged therefor. However, the IRS may apply the wash sales rules to

 

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determine that any loss realized upon the exchange of Deposit Securities for Creation Units is not currently deductible. Authorized Participants should consult their own tax advisers. Current U.S. federal income tax laws dictate that capital gain or loss realized from the redemption of Creation Units will generally create long-term capital gain or loss if the Authorized Participant holds the Creation Units for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the Creation Units were held for one year or less, if the Creation Units are held as capital assets.

Tax Treatment of the Fund

The Fund has elected to be treated, and intends to qualify each year, as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as such, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, and (y) that derive less than 90% of their income from sources described in this subparagraph (a) other than qualified publicly traded partnerships); and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets consists of cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or larger voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, (y) in the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are treated as engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (z) in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships,” which generally include master limited partnerships.

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership will be treated as qualifying income. In general, qualified publicly traded partnerships will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes because they meet a passive income requirement under the Code. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships. The Fund’s investments in partnerships, if any, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in the Fund being subject to state, local, or foreign income, franchise, or withholding tax liabilities.

For purposes of the diversification test described above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by IRS with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the diversification test.

As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, the Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., generally, its taxable income other than the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss, plus or minus certain other adjustments, and calculated without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at regular corporate tax rates on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders.

If, for any taxable year, the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code or were to fail to meet the distribution requirement, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation, and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the Fund’s distributions, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be

 

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taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. However, such dividends would be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations, (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it would be required to pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. If the Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification, or distribution test described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying Fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. In particular, if in the first instance, the Fund does not satisfy the diversification test as of a particular quarter end, it will have up to 30 days after that quarter end to adjust its holdings in order to comply with the test retroactively. Portfolio transactions executed by the Fund in order to comply with the diversification test will increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover and trading costs and may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders to the extent any capital gains are realized as a result of such transactions. If the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for that year and (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of all gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for the one-year period ending October 31 of that year (or November 30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects) it would be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income that is retained by the Fund and subject to corporate income tax will be considered to have been distributed by year end. In addition, the minimum amounts that must be distributed in any year to avoid the excise tax will be increased or decreased to reflect any underdistribution or overdistribution, as the case may be, from the previous year. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a regulated investment company’s ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 of a calendar year (or November 30 of that year if the regulated investment company makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a Fund with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. The Fund anticipates that it will pay such dividends and will make such distributions as are necessary to avoid the application of this excise tax, but there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. In determining its net capital gain (i.e., net realized long-term capital gains in excess of net realized short-term capital losses, including any capital loss carryforwards), its taxable income, and its earnings and profits, a regulated investment company generally is permitted to elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31, or if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year), or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion of the taxable year after October 31 and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

Tax Treatment of the Fund’s Investments

The Fund’s transactions in zero coupon securities, foreign currencies, forward contracts, options, and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts on foreign currencies), if any, will be subject to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to “hedging transactions” and “straddles”) that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, and defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount, and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also (a) will require the Fund to “mark to market” certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., require the Fund to treat all unrealized gains and losses with respect to those positions as though they were realized at the end of each year) and (b) may cause the Fund to recognize income prior to or without receiving cash with which to pay dividends or make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax at the Fund level, the Fund might be required to sell portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.

As a result of entering into swap contracts, if any, the Fund may make or receive periodic net payments. The Fund may also make or receive a payment when a swap is terminated prior to maturity through an assignment of the swap or other closing

 

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transaction. Periodic net payments will generally constitute ordinary income or deductions, while termination of a swap will generally result in capital gain or loss (which will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the Fund has been a party to the swap for more than one year). With respect to certain types of swaps, the Fund may be required to recognize currently income or loss with respect to future payments on such swaps or may elect under certain circumstances to mark such swaps to market annually for tax purposes as ordinary income or loss.

Any investments by the Fund in so-called “section 1256 contracts,” such as regulated futures contracts, most foreign currency forward contracts traded in the interbank market, and options on most stock indexes, are subject to special tax rules. Any section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain later dates as prescribed under the Code) are required to be marked to their market value, and any unrealized gain or loss on those positions will be included in the Fund’s income as if each position had been sold for its fair market value at the end of the taxable year. The resulting gain or loss will be combined with any gain or loss realized by the Fund from positions in section 1256 contracts closed during the taxable year. Provided such positions were held as capital assets and were neither part of a “hedging transaction” nor part of a “straddle,” 60% of the resulting net gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and 40% of such net gain or loss will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss, regardless of the period of time the positions were actually held by the Fund.

In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying security, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the security. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying security. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the securities purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

In general, gain or loss on a short sale is recognized when the Fund closes the sale by delivering the borrowed property to the lender, not when the borrowed property is sold. Gain or loss from a short sale is generally considered as capital gain or loss to the extent that the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in the Fund’s hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used by the Fund to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date of the short sale, special rules generally treat the gains on short sales as short-term capital gains. These rules may also terminate the running of the holding period of “substantially identical property” held by the Fund. Moreover, a loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, “substantially identical property” has been held by the Fund for more than one year. In general, the Fund will not be permitted to deduct payments made to reimburse the lender of securities for dividends paid on borrowed stock if the short sale is closed on or before the 45th day after the short sale is entered into.

The Fund may purchase debt obligations with original issue discount (“OID”), market discount, or acquisition discount. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and all zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued with OID. Generally, the amount of the OID is treated as interest income and is included in taxable income (and is accordingly required to be distributed by the Fund) over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, usually when the debt security matures. Periodic adjustments for inflation in the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds also may be treated as OID that is includible in the Fund’s gross income on a current basis.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Under the Code, (i) generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt security having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt security, (ii) alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in

 

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which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial of full repayment or disposition of the debt security, and (iii) the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). The Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt security, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt security. The rate at which OID or acquisition discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

Because the OID, market discount, or acquisition discount earned by the Fund in a taxable year may exceed the total amount of cash interest the Fund receives from the relevant debt obligations, the Fund may have to dispose of one or more of its investments, including at a time when it is not advantageous to do so, and use the proceeds thereof to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses from such dispositions, which would increase or decrease the Fund’s investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.

In addition, payment-in-kind securities held by the Fund, if any, will give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity (i.e., a premium), the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require the Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.

The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or that are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, and how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as, and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.

A portion of the interest paid or accrued on high yield obligations may not (and interest paid on debt obligations, if any, that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not) be deductible to the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible by the issuer, that portion will be treated as a dividend for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the deemed dividend portion of such accrued interest.

The Fund may be required to treat amounts as taxable income or gain, subject to the distribution requirements referred to above, even though no corresponding amounts of cash are received concurrently, as a result of (1) mark-to-market rules, constructive sale rules or rules applicable to PFICs (as defined below), to partnerships or trusts in which the Fund invests or to certain options, futures, or forward contracts, or “appreciated financial positions,” (2) the inability to obtain cash distributions or other amounts due to currency controls or restrictions on repatriation imposed by a foreign country with respect to the Fund’s investments (including through depositary receipts) in issuers in such country, or (3) tax rules applicable to debt obligations acquired with OID, including zero-coupon or deferred payment bonds and pay-in-kind debt obligations, or to market discount if the Fund elects or is otherwise required to accrue such market discount currently. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax on the Fund, the Fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold,

 

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potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. The Fund might also meet the distribution requirements by borrowing the necessary cash, thereby incurring interest expenses.

Foreign Investments

Dividends, interest or other income (including, in some cases, capital gains) received by the Fund from investments in foreign securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Even if the Fund is entitled to seek a refund in respect of such taxes, it may choose not to. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. The Fund does not expect to be eligible to elect to pass foreign taxes through to its shareholders, who therefore will not be entitled to credits or deductions on their own tax returns for foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Foreign taxes paid by the Fund may reduce the return from the Fund’s investments.

Under certain circumstances, if the Fund receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of Fund shares could be affected or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Fund’s foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.

Under Section 988 of the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities are generally treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, gains or losses on foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, certain foreign currency options or futures contracts and the disposition of debt securities denominated in foreign currency, to the extent attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates between the acquisition and disposition dates, are also treated as ordinary income or loss unless the Fund were to elect otherwise.

The law with respect to the taxation of non-U.S. entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and the individuals and entities treated as their shareholders changed under the Tax Act. If the Fund owned 10% or more of the voting power of a foreign entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the last tax year of the foreign entity beginning before January 1, 2018, the Fund may be required to include in its income its share of certain deferred foreign income of that foreign entity. Under those circumstances, the Fund may be able to make an election for such amounts to be included in income over eight years. Any income included under this rule may have to be distributed to satisfy the distribution requirements referred to above even though the Fund may receive no corresponding cash amounts, and even though shareholders derived no economic benefit from the foreign entity’s deferred income.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. If the Fund purchases equity interests (including certain interests treated as equity interests) in foreign entities treated as “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and does not timely make certain elections, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

In general, a PFIC is any foreign corporation in which (i) 75% or more of the gross income for the taxable year is passive income, or (ii) the average percentage of the assets (generally by value, but by adjusted tax basis in certain cases) that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income is at least 50%. Generally, passive income for this purpose means dividends, interest (including income equivalent to interest), royalties, rents, annuities, the excess of gains over losses from certain property transactions and commodities transactions, income from certain notional principal contracts, and foreign currency gains. Passive income for this purpose does not include certain types of passive income excepted by the Code and other guidance.

If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and timely elect to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” under the Code for the first year of its holding period in the PFIC stock, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, the Fund would generally be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund, and such amounts would be subject to the 90% and excise tax distribution requirements described above. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax at the Fund level, the Fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss. In order to make the “qualified electing fund” election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.” Under proposed Treasury regulations, certain income derived by the Fund for a taxable year from a PFIC with

 

58


respect to which the Fund has made a qualified electing fund election would generally constitute qualifying income only to the extent the PFIC makes distributions in respect of that income to the Fund.

If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and make a mark-to-market election, the Fund would be treated as if it had sold and repurchased its stock in that PFIC at the end of each year. In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the extent of previously recognized gains. Such an election must be made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would be effective for all subsequent taxable years of the Fund, unless revoked with the consent of the IRS. By making the election, the Fund could potentially ameliorate the adverse tax consequences with respect to its ownership of shares in a PFIC, but in any particular year might be required to recognize income in excess of the distributions it receives from PFICs and its proceeds from dispositions of PFIC stock. The Fund might have to distribute such excess income and gain to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax. In order to distribute this income and avoid a tax at the Fund level, the Fund might be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.

Capital Loss Carryforwards—Not Subject to Expiration

As of September 30, 2018, as set forth below, the Fund had capital losses that are not subject to expiration and may be carried forward to offset future taxable capital gains. These capital losses have been deferred as either short-term or long-term losses and will be deemed to occur on the first day of the next taxable year in the same character as they were originally deferred. Capital losses that are not subject to expiration must be utilized by the Fund before the Fund’s capital loss carryforwards that are subject to expiration, if any, may be utilized.

 

Amount of Capital Loss Carryforward ($)

28,629

Capital Loss Carryforwards

As of September 30, 2018, the Fund had no unused capital loss carryforwards.

Taxation of U.S. Shareholders

Dividends and Distributions. Dividends and other distributions by the Fund are generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, if any dividend or distribution is declared by the Fund in October, November, or December of any calendar year and payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month but is actually paid during the following January, such dividend or distribution will be deemed to have been received by each shareholder on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.

The Fund intends to distribute annually to its shareholders substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends-received deduction), and any net capital gain. However, if the Fund retains for investment an amount equal to all or a portion of its net capital gain, it will be subject to a corporate tax on the amount retained. In that event, the Fund may designate such retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (a) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount, (b) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds to the extent their credits exceed their liabilities, if any, and (c) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to their share of the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their income over the income paid by the Fund on the undistributed amount. Organizations or persons not subject to U.S. federal income tax on such capital gains will be entitled to a refund of their pro rata share of such taxes paid by the Fund upon timely filing appropriate returns or claims for refund with the IRS.

Distributions of net investment income and of net realized short-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares, are taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income or, if certain conditions are met, as “qualified dividend income,” taxable to individual and certain other non-corporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. Distributions of net

 

59


capital gain, if any, that the Fund reports as capital gain dividends are taxable as long-term capital gains, whether paid in cash or in shares, and regardless of how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund.

In general, dividends may be reported by the Fund as qualified dividend income if they are attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund. Qualified dividend income generally means dividend income received from the Fund’s investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. corporations and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholders. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.

A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation for this purpose if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States and meets certain additional requirements. Certain foreign corporations that are not otherwise qualified foreign corporations will be treated as qualified foreign corporations with respect to dividends paid by them if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. PFICs are not qualified foreign corporations for this purpose.

A dividend that is attributable to qualified dividend income of the Fund that is paid by the Fund to a shareholder will not be taxable as qualified dividend income to such shareholder (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of the Fund held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share became ex-dividend with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (3) if the shareholder elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest. The “ex-dividend” date is the date on which the owner of the share at the commencement of such date is entitled to receive the next issued dividend payment for such share even if the share is sold by the owner on that date or thereafter.

Certain dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the Fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately so reported by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations under the Code. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend in order to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to the Fund from other regulated investment companies are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In order to qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their Fund shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their Fund shares, and, if they borrow to acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to Fund shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends-received deduction with respect to those shares. Any corporate shareholder should consult its tax adviser regarding the possibility that its tax basis in its shares may be reduced, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, by reason of “extraordinary dividends” received with respect to the shares and, to the extent such basis would be reduced below zero, current recognition of income may be required.

The Fund does not anticipate that a significant portion of its dividends paid will qualify for the dividends received deduction or be treated as qualified dividend income.

Dividends and distributions from the Fund will generally be taken into account in determining a shareholder’s “net investment income” for purposes of the Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates and trusts.

Certain tax-exempt educational institutions will be subject to a 1.4% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, certain dividends and capital gain distributions, and certain gains from the disposition of Fund shares (among other categories of income), are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder’s net investment income.

Distributions in excess of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in his or her shares of the Fund, and as a capital gain thereafter (if the shareholder holds his or her shares of the Fund as capital assets). One or more of the Fund’s distributions during the year may include such a return of capital distribution. Each shareholder who receives distributions in the form of

 

60


additional shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the shareholder would have received if he or she had instead elected to receive cash distributions. The shareholder’s aggregate tax basis in shares of the Fund will be increased by such amount.

If Fund shares are held through a qualified retirement plan entitled to tax-advantaged treatment for federal income tax purposes, distributions will generally not be taxable currently. Special tax rules apply to such retirement plans. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax treatment of distributions (which may include amounts attributable to Fund distributions) which may be taxable when distributed from the retirement plan.

Sale, Exchange or Redemption of Shares. Upon the sale or exchange of his or her shares, a shareholder will generally recognize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and his or her basis in the shares. A redemption of shares by the Fund will be treated as a sale for this purpose. Such gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder held such shares for more than one year and short-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder held such shares for one year or less. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced, including by reinvesting dividends or capital gains distributions in the Fund, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be increased to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any distributions or deemed distributions of long-term capital gains received by the shareholder (including amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains) with respect to such shares during that six-month period.

If a shareholder incurs a sales charge in acquiring shares of the Fund, disposes of those shares within 90 days and then by January 31 of the calendar year following the year of disposition acquires shares in a mutual fund for which the otherwise applicable sales charge is reduced by reason of a reinvestment right (e.g., an exchange privilege), the original sales charge will not be taken into account in computing gain or loss on the original shares to the extent the subsequent sales charge is reduced. Instead, the disregarded portion of the original sales charge will be added to the tax basis of the newly acquired shares. Furthermore, the same rule also applies to a disposition of the newly acquired shares made within 90 days of the second acquisition. This provision prevents a shareholder from immediately deducting the sales charge by shifting his or her investment within a family of mutual funds.

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. The fact that a loss is so reportable does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper.

If a shareholder’s shares are redeemed to pay a fee because the shareholder’s account balance is less than a certain threshold, the redemption will be treated as a taxable sale or exchange of shares, as described above. Such a fee generally will not be deductible by a shareholder that is an individual for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, and, for other taxable years, the deductibility of such a fee by a shareholder that is an individual may be subject to generally applicable limitations on miscellaneous itemized deductions.

Basis Reporting. The Fund, or, in the case of a shareholder holding shares through a Service Agent, the Service Agent, will report to the IRS the amount of proceeds that a shareholder receives from a redemption or exchange of Fund shares. For redemptions or exchanges of shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, the Fund will also report the shareholder’s basis in those shares and the character of any gain or loss that the shareholder realizes on the redemption or exchange (i.e., short-term or long-term), and certain related tax information. If a shareholder has a different basis for different shares of the Fund in the same account (e.g., if a shareholder purchased Fund shares held in the same account when the shares were at different prices), the Fund will by default report the basis of the shares redeemed or exchanged using the average basis method, under which the basis per share is the average of the bases of all the shareholder’s Fund shares in the account.

 

61


A shareholder may instruct the Fund to use a method other than average basis for an account. If redemptions, including in connection with payment of an account fee, or exchanges have occurred in an account to which the average basis method applied, the basis of the Fund shares remaining in the account will continue to reflect the average basis notwithstanding the shareholder’s subsequent election of a different method. For further assistance, shareholders who hold their shares directly with the Fund may call the Fund at 1-877-721-1926 Monday through Friday between 8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. (Eastern time). Shareholders who hold shares through a Service Agent should contact the Service Agent for further assistance or for information regarding the Service Agent’s default method for calculating basis and procedures for electing to use an alternative method. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax consequences of applying the average basis method or electing another method of basis calculation and should consider electing such other method prior to making redemptions or exchanges in their accounts.

Backup Withholding. The Fund may be required in certain circumstances to apply backup withholding on dividends distributions and redemption proceeds payable to non-corporate shareholders who fail to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification numbers or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Certain shareholders are exempt from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amount withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.

Notices. Shareholders will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close of the Fund’s taxable year regarding the U.S. federal income tax status of certain dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds that were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the Fund to its shareholders during the preceding taxable year. In certain cases, the Fund may be required to amend the tax information reported to you with respect to a particular year. In this event, you may be required to file amended U.S. federal income or other tax returns with respect to such amended information and, if applicable, to pay additional taxes (including potentially interest and penalties) or to seek a tax refund and may incur other related costs.

Other Taxes

Dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder’s particular situation. Generally, shareholders will have to pay state or local taxes on Fund dividends and other distributions, although distributions derived from interest on U.S. government obligations (but not distributions of gain from the sale of such obligations) may be exempt from certain state and local taxes.

Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders

Ordinary dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to federal withholding tax at a 30% rate (or such lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or similar form certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides an IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have already been subject to the 30% withholding tax.

The 30% withholding tax generally will not apply to distributions of the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses or to redemption proceeds. The 30% withholding tax also will not apply to dividends that the Fund reports as (a) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund’s “qualified net interest income,” or (b) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund’s “qualified short-term gain.” “Qualified net interest income” is the Fund’s net income derived from U.S.-source interest and OID, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. “Qualified short-term gain” generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of the Fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports a payment as an interest-related dividend or a short-term capital gain dividend. Non-U.S. shareholders should contact their intermediaries with respect to the application of these rules to their accounts.

 

62


A non-U.S. shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business carried on by the non-U.S. shareholder within the United States, (ii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder that is an individual, the holder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of “United States real property interests” (as defined below, “USRPIs”) apply to the non-U.S. shareholder’s sale of shares of the Fund.

Special rules would apply if the Fund were a qualified investment entity (“QIE”) because it is either a “United States real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition of USRPIs described below. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A regulated investment company that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and regulated investment companies that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and not-greater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in regulated investment companies generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Fund is a QIE. If an interest in the Fund were a USRPI, the Fund would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% non-U.S. shareholder, in which case such non-U.S. shareholder generally would also be required to file U.S. federal income tax returns and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption.

If the Fund were a QIE, under a special “look through” rule, any distributions by the Fund to a non-U.S. shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the Fund in redemption of its shares) attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier regulated investment company or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands and (ii) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Fund’s non-U.S. shareholders and would be subject to U.S. tax withholding. In addition, such distributions could result in the non-U.S. shareholder being required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the non-U.S. shareholder’s current and past ownership of the Fund.

Under legislation commonly known as “FATCA,” the Fund is required to withhold 30% of certain ordinary dividends it pays to shareholders that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements. In general, no such withholding will be required with respect to a U.S. person or non-U.S. individual that timely provides the certifications required by the Fund or its agent on a valid IRS Form W-9 or applicable IRS Form W-8, respectively. Shareholders potentially subject to withholding include foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”), such as non-U.S. investment funds, and non-financial foreign entities (“NFFEs”). To avoid withholding under FATCA, an FFI generally must enter into an information sharing agreement with the IRS in which it agrees to report certain identifying information (including name, address, and taxpayer identification number) with respect to its U.S. account holders (which, in the case of an entity shareholder, may include its direct and indirect U.S. owners), and an NFFE generally must identify and provide other required information to the Fund or other withholding agent regarding its U.S. owners, if any. Such non-U.S. shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by regulations and other guidance. A non-U.S. shareholder in a country that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

A non-U.S. entity that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding.

Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the impact of these requirements on their investment in the Fund.

 

63


CODES OF ETHICS

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund, the Manager, the Subadviser and the Distributor each has adopted a code of ethics that permits its personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the codes of ethics. Copies of the codes of ethics applicable to personnel of the Fund, the Manager, the Subadviser, the Distributor and the Independent Trustees are on file with the SEC.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Fund’s Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal period ended September 30, 2018, contains the Fund’s audited financial statements, accompanying notes and the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, all of which are incorporated by reference into this SAI. These audited financial statements are available free of charge upon request by calling the Fund at 1-877-721-1926.

 

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Appendix A

CLEARBRIDGE INVESTMENTS1

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

AMENDED AS OF JANUARY 7, 2013

 

  I.

Types of Accounts for Which ClearBridge Votes Proxies

 

 II.

General Guidelines

 

III.

How ClearBridge Votes

 

IV.

Conflicts of Interest

 

  A.

Procedures for Identifying Conflicts of Interest

 

  B.

Procedures for Assessing Materiality of Conflicts of Interest and for Addressing Material Conflicts of Interest

 

  C.

Third Party Proxy Voting Firm – Conflicts of Interest

 

V.

Voting Policy

 

  A.

Election of Directors

 

  B.

Proxy Contests

 

  C.

Auditors

 

  D.

Proxy Contest Defenses

 

  E.

Tender Offer Defenses

 

  F.

Miscellaneous Governance Provisions

 

  G.

Capital Structure

 

  H.

Executive and Director Compensation

 

  I.

State of Incorporation

 

  J.

Mergers and Corporate Restructuring

 

  K.

Social and Environmental Issues

 

  L.

Miscellaneous

 

VI.

Other Considerations

 

  A.

Share Blocking

 

  B.

Securities on Loan

 

VII.

Disclosure of Proxy Voting

 

VIII.

Recordkeeping and Oversight

 

 

 

1 This policy pertains to ClearBridge Investments, LLC and ClearBridge, LLC (collectively, “ClearBridge Investments” or “ClearBridge”).

 

A-1


CLEARBRIDGE INVESTEMENTS

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

  I.

TYPES OF ACCOUNTS FOR WHICH CLEARBRIDGE VOTES PROXIES

ClearBridge votes proxies for each client that has specifically authorized us to vote them in the investment management contract or otherwise and votes proxies for each ERISA account unless the plan document or investment advisory agreement specifically reserves the responsibility to vote proxies to the plan trustees or other named fiduciary. These policies and procedures are intended to fulfill applicable requirements imposed on ClearBridge by the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the rules and regulations adopted under these laws.

 

  II.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

In voting proxies, we are guided by general fiduciary principles. Our goal is to act prudently, solely in the best interest of the beneficial owners of the accounts we manage and, in the case of ERISA accounts, for the exclusive purpose of providing economic benefits to such persons. We attempt to provide for the consideration of all factors that could affect the value of the investment and will vote proxies in the manner that we believe will be consistent with efforts to maximize shareholder values.

 

  III.

HOW CLEARBRIDGE VOTES

Section V of these policies and procedures sets forth certain stated positions. In the case of a proxy issue for which there is a stated position, we generally vote in accordance with the stated position. In the case of a proxy issue for which there is a list of factors set forth in Section V that we consider in voting on such issue, we consider those factors and vote on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the general principles set forth above. In the case of a proxy issue for which there is no stated position or list of factors that we consider in voting on such issue, we vote on a case-by-case basis in accordance with the general principles set forth above. We may utilize an external service provider to provide us with information and/or a recommendation with regard to proxy votes but we are not required to follow any such recommendations. The use of an external service provider does not relieve us of our responsibility for the proxy vote.

For routine matters, we usually vote according to our policy or the external service provider’s recommendation, although we are not obligated to do so and an individual portfolio manager may vote contrary to our policy or the recommendation of the external service provider. If a matter is non-routine, e.g., management’s recommendation is different than that of the external service provider and ClearBridge is a significant holder or it is a significant holding for ClearBridge, the issues will be highlighted to the appropriate investment teams and their views solicited by members of the Proxy Committee. Different investment teams may vote differently on the same issue, depending upon their assessment of clients’ best interests.

ClearBridge’s proxy voting process is overseen and coordinated by its Proxy Committee.

 

  IV.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

In furtherance of ClearBridge’s goal to vote proxies in the best interests of clients, ClearBridge follows procedures designed to identify and address material conflicts that may arise between ClearBridge’s interests and those of its clients before voting proxies on behalf of such clients.

 

  A.

Procedures for Identifying Conflicts of Interest

ClearBridge relies on the following to seek to identify conflicts of interest with respect to proxy voting:

 

  1.

ClearBridge’s employees are periodically reminded of their obligation (i) to be aware of the potential for conflicts of interest on the part of ClearBridge with respect to voting proxies on behalf of client accounts both as a result of their personal relationships or personal or business relationships relating to another Legg Mason business unit, and (ii) to bring conflicts of interest of which they become aware to the attention of ClearBridge’s General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer.

 

A-2


  2.

ClearBridge’s finance area maintains and provides to ClearBridge Compliance and proxy voting personnel an up- to-date list of all client relationships that have historically accounted for or are projected to account for greater than 1% of ClearBridge’s net revenues.

 

  3.

As a general matter, ClearBridge takes the position that relationships between a non-ClearBridge Legg Mason unit and an issuer (e.g., investment management relationship between an issuer and a non-ClearBridge Legg Mason affiliate) do not present a conflict of interest for ClearBridge in voting proxies with respect to such issuer because ClearBridge operates as an independent business unit from other Legg Mason business units and because of the existence of informational barriers between ClearBridge and certain other Legg Mason business units. As noted above, ClearBridge employees are under an obligation to bring such conflicts of interest, including conflicts of interest which may arise because of an attempt by another Legg Mason business unit or non-ClearBridge Legg Mason officer or employee to influence proxy voting by ClearBridge to the attention of ClearBridge Compliance.

 

  4.

A list of issuers with respect to which ClearBridge has a potential conflict of interest in voting proxies on behalf of client accounts will be maintained by ClearBridge proxy voting personnel. ClearBridge will not vote proxies relating to such issuers until it has been determined that the conflict of interest is not material or a method for resolving the conflict of interest has been agreed upon and implemented, as described in Section IV below.

 

  B.

Procedures for Assessing Materiality of Conflicts of Interest and for Addressing Material Conflicts of Interest

 

  1.

ClearBridge maintains a Proxy Committee which, among other things, reviews and addresses conflicts of interest brought to its attention. The Proxy Committee is comprised of such ClearBridge personnel (and others, at ClearBridge’s request), as are designated from time to time. The current members of the Proxy Committee are set forth in the Proxy Committee’s Terms of Reference.

 

  2.

All conflicts of interest identified pursuant to the procedures outlined in Section IV. A. must be brought to the attention of the Proxy Committee for resolution. A proxy issue that will be voted in accordance with a stated ClearBridge position on such issue or in accordance with the recommendation of an independent third party generally is not brought to the attention of the Proxy Committee for a conflict of interest review because ClearBridge’s position is that any conflict of interest issues are resolved by voting in accordance with a pre-determined policy or in accordance with the recommendation of an independent third party.

 

  3.

The Proxy Committee will determine whether a conflict of interest is material. A conflict of interest will be considered material to the extent that it is determined that such conflict is likely to influence, or appear to influence, ClearBridge’s decision-making in voting the proxy. All materiality determinations will be based on an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. A written record of all materiality determinations made by the Proxy Committee will be maintained.

 

  4.

If it is determined by the Proxy Committee that a conflict of interest is not material, ClearBridge may vote proxies notwithstanding the existence of the conflict.

 

  5.

If it is determined by the Proxy Committee that a conflict of interest is material, the Proxy Committee will determine an appropriate method to resolve such conflict of interest before the proxy affected by the conflict of interest is voted. Such determination shall be based on the particular facts and circumstances, including the importance of the proxy issue, the nature of the conflict of interest, etc. Such methods may include:

 

   

disclosing the conflict to clients and obtaining their consent before voting;

 

   

suggesting to clients that they engage another party to vote the proxy on their behalf;

 

   

in the case of a conflict of interest resulting from a particular employee’s personal relationships, removing such employee from the decision-making process with respect to such proxy vote; or

 

   

such other method as is deemed appropriate given the particular facts and circumstances, including the importance of the proxy issue, the nature of the conflict of interest, etc.*

A written record of the method used to resolve a material conflict of interest shall be maintained.

 

A-3


  C.

Third Party Proxy Voting Firm - Conflicts of Interest

With respect to a third party proxy voting firm described herein, the Proxy Committee will periodically review and assess such firm’s policies, procedures and practices with respect to the disclosure and handling of conflicts of interest.

 

  V.

VOTING POLICY

These are policy guidelines that can always be superseded, subject to the duty to act solely in the best interest of the beneficial owners of accounts, by the investment management professionals responsible for the account holding the shares being voted. There may be occasions when different investment teams vote differently on the same issue. A ClearBridge investment team (e.g., ClearBridge’s Social Awareness Investment team) may adopt proxy voting policies that supplement these policies and procedures. In addition, in the case of Taft-Hartley clients, ClearBridge will comply with a client direction to vote proxies in accordance with Institutional Shareholder Services’ (ISS) PVS Proxy Voting Guidelines, which ISS represents to be fully consistent with AFL-CIO guidelines.

 

  A.

Election of Directors

 

  1.

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections.

 

  a.

We withhold our vote from a director nominee who:

 

   

attended less than 75 percent of the company’s board and committee meetings without a valid excuse (illness, service to the nation/local government, work on behalf of the company);

 

   

were members of the company’s board when such board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received approval of a majority of shares cast for the previous two consecutive years;

 

   

received more than 50 percent withheld votes of the shares cast at the previous board election, and the company has failed to address the issue as to why;

 

   

is an insider where: (1) such person serves on any of the audit, compensation or nominating committees of the company’s board, (2) the company’s board performs the functions typically performed by a company’s audit, compensation and nominating committees, or (3) the full board is less than a majority independent (unless the director nominee is also the company CEO, in which case we will vote FOR);

 

   

is a member of the company’s audit committee, when excessive non-audit fees were paid to the auditor, or there are chronic control issues and an absence of established effective control mechanisms.

 

  b.

We vote for all other director nominees.

 

  2.

Chairman and CEO is the Same Person.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals that would require the positions of the Chairman and CEO to be held by different persons. We would generally vote FOR such a proposal unless there are compelling reasons to vote against the proposal, including:

 

   

Designation of a lead director

 

   

Majority of independent directors (supermajority)

 

   

All independent key committees

 

   

Size of the company (based on market capitalization)

 

   

Established governance guidelines

 

   

Company performance

 

 

*             Especially in the case of an apparent, as opposed to actual, conflict of interest, the Proxy Committee may resolve such conflict of interest by satisfying itself that ClearBridge’s proposed vote on a proxy issue is in the best interest of client accounts and is not being influenced by the conflict of interest.

 

A-4


  3.

Majority of Independent Directors

 

  a.

We vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board be comprised of a majority of independent directors. Generally that would require that the director have no connection to the company other than the board seat. In determining whether an independent director is truly independent (e.g. when voting on a slate of director candidates), we consider certain factors including, but not necessarily limited to, the following: whether the director or his/her company provided professional services to the company or its affiliates either currently or in the past year; whether the director has any transactional relationship with the company; whether the director is a significant customer or supplier of the company; whether the director is employed by a foundation or university that received significant grants or endowments from the company or its affiliates; and whether there are interlocking directorships.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals that request that the board audit, compensation and/or nominating committees include independent directors exclusively.

 

  4.

Stock Ownership Requirements

We vote against shareholder proposals requiring directors to own a minimum amount of company stock in order to qualify as a director, or to remain on the board.

 

  5.

Term of Office

We vote against shareholder proposals to limit the tenure of independent directors.

 

  6.

Director and Officer Indemnification and Liability Protection

 

  a.

Subject to subparagraphs 2, 3, and 4 below, we vote for proposals concerning director and officer indemnification and liability protection.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to limit and against proposals to eliminate entirely director and officer liability for monetary damages for violating the duty of care.

 

  c.

We vote against indemnification proposals that would expand coverage beyond just legal expenses to acts, such as negligence, that are more serious violations of fiduciary obligations than mere carelessness.

 

  d.

We vote for only those proposals that provide such expanded coverage noted in subparagraph 3 above in cases when a director’s or officer’s legal defense was unsuccessful if: (1) the director was found to have acted in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed was in the best interests of the company, and (2) if only the director’s legal expenses would be covered.

 

  7.

Director Qualifications

 

  a.

We vote case-by-case on proposals that establish or amend director qualifications. Considerations include how reasonable the criteria are and to what degree they may preclude dissident nominees from joining the board.

 

  b.

We vote against shareholder proposals requiring two candidates per board seat.

 

  B.

Proxy Contests

 

  1.

Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

We vote on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors. Considerations include: chronology of events leading up to the proxy contest; qualifications of director nominees (incumbents and dissidents); for incumbents, whether the board is comprised of a majority of outside directors; whether key committees (i.e.: nominating, audit, compensation) comprise solely of independent outsiders; discussion with the respective portfolio manager(s).

 

  2.

Reimburse Proxy Solicitation Expenses

 

A-5


We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to provide full reimbursement for dissidents waging a proxy contest. Considerations include: identity of persons who will pay solicitation expenses; cost of solicitation; percentage that will be paid to proxy solicitation firms.

 

  C.

Auditors

 

  1.

Ratifying Auditors

We vote for proposals to ratify auditors, unless an auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent; or there is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position or there is reason to believe the independent auditor has not followed the highest level of ethical conduct. Specifically, we will vote to ratify auditors if the auditors only provide the company audit services and such other audit-related and non-audit services the provision of which will not cause such auditors to lose their independence under applicable laws, rules and regulations.

 

  2.

Financial Statements and Director and Auditor Reports

We generally vote for management proposals seeking approval of financial accounts and reports and the discharge of management and supervisory board members, unless there is concern about the past actions of the company’s auditors or directors.

 

  3.

Remuneration of Auditors

We vote for proposals to authorize the board or an audit committee of the board to determine the remuneration of auditors, unless there is evidence of excessive compensation relative to the size and nature of the company.

 

  4.

Indemnification of Auditors

We vote against proposals to indemnify auditors.

 

  D.

Proxy Contest Defenses

 

  1.

Board Structure: Staggered vs. Annual Elections

 

  a.

We vote against proposals to classify the board.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.

 

  2.

Shareholder Ability to Remove Directors

 

  a.

We vote against proposals that provide that directors may be removed only for cause.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to restore shareholder ability to remove directors with or without cause.

 

  c.

We vote against proposals that provide that only continuing directors may elect replacements to fill board vacancies.

 

  d.

We vote for proposals that permit shareholders to elect directors to fill board vacancies.

 

  3.

Cumulative Voting

 

  a.

If plurality voting is in place for uncontested director elections, we vote for proposals to permit or restore cumulative voting.

 

  b.

If majority voting is in place for uncontested director elections, we vote against cumulative voting.

 

  c.

If plurality voting is in place for uncontested director elections, and proposals to adopt both cumulative voting and majority voting are on the same slate, we vote for majority voting and against cumulative voting.

 

  4.

Majority Voting

 

A-6


We vote for non-binding and/or binding resolutions requesting that the board amend a company’s by-laws to stipulate that directors need to be elected with an affirmative majority of the votes cast, provided that it does not conflict with the state law where the company is incorporated. In addition, all resolutions need to provide for a carve-out for a plurality vote standard when there are more nominees than board seats (i.e. contested election). In addition, ClearBridge strongly encourages companies to adopt a post-election director resignation policy setting guidelines for the company to follow to promptly address situations involving holdover directors.

 

  5.

Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

 

  a.

We vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings, taking into account a minimum ownership threshold of 10 percent (and investor ownership structure, depending on bylaws).

 

  6.

Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent

 

  a.

We vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.

 

  7.

Shareholder Ability to Alter the Size of the Board

 

  a.

We vote for proposals that seek to fix the size of the board.

 

  b.

We vote against proposals that give management the ability to alter the size of the board without shareholder approval.

 

  8.

Advance Notice Proposals

We vote on advance notice proposals on a case-by-case basis, giving support to those proposals which allow shareholders to submit proposals as close to the meeting date as reasonably possible and within the broadest window possible.

 

  9.

Amendment of By-Laws

 

  a.

We vote against proposals giving the board exclusive authority to amend the by-laws.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals giving the board the ability to amend the by-laws in addition to shareholders.

 

  10.

Article Amendments (not otherwise covered by ClearBridge Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures).

We review on a case-by-case basis all proposals seeking amendments to the articles of association.

We vote for article amendments if:

 

   

shareholder rights are protected;

 

   

there is negligible or positive impact on shareholder value;

 

   

management provides adequate reasons for the amendments; and

 

   

the company is required to do so by law (if applicable).

 

  E.

Tender Offer Defenses

 

  1.

Poison Pills

 

  a.

We vote for shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification.

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals to redeem a company’s poison pill. Considerations include: when the plan was originally adopted; financial condition of the company; terms of the poison pill.

 

A-7


  c.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on management proposals to ratify a poison pill. Considerations include: sunset provision - poison pill is submitted to shareholders for ratification or rejection every 2 to 3 years; shareholder redemption feature -10% of the shares may call a special meeting or seek a written consent to vote on rescinding the rights plan.

 

  2.

Fair Price Provisions

 

  a.

We vote for fair price proposals, as long as the shareholder vote requirement embedded in the provision is no more than a majority of disinterested shares.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals to lower the shareholder vote requirement in existing fair price provisions.

 

  3.

Greenmail

 

  a.

We vote for proposals to adopt anti-greenmail charter or bylaw amendments or otherwise restrict a company’s ability to make greenmail payments.

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on anti-greenmail proposals when they are bundled with other charter or bylaw amendments.

 

  4.

Unequal Voting Rights

 

  a.

We vote against dual class exchange offers.

 

  b.

We vote against dual class re-capitalization.

 

  5.

Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Amend the Charter or Bylaws

 

  a.

We vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments.

 

  6.

Supermajority Shareholder Vote Requirement to Approve Mergers

 

  a.

We vote against management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations.

 

  7.

White Squire Placements

We vote for shareholder proposals to require approval of blank check preferred stock issues.

 

  F.

Miscellaneous Governance Provisions

 

  1.

Confidential Voting

 

  a.

We vote for shareholder proposals that request corporations to adopt confidential voting, use independent tabulators and use independent inspectors of election as long as the proposals include clauses for proxy contests as follows: in the case of a contested election, management is permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents do not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived.

 

  b.

We vote for management proposals to adopt confidential voting subject to the proviso for contested elections set forth in sub-paragraph A.1 above.

 

  2.

Equal Access

 

A-8


We vote for shareholder proposals that would allow significant company shareholders equal access to management’s proxy material in order to evaluate and propose voting recommendations on proxy proposals and director nominees, and in order to nominate their own candidates to the board.

 

  3.

Bundled Proposals

We vote on a case-by-case basis on bundled or “conditioned” proxy proposals. In the case of items that are conditioned upon each other, we examine the benefits and costs of the packaged items. In instances when the joint effect of the conditioned items is not in shareholders’ best interests and therefore not in the best interests of the beneficial owners of accounts, we vote against the proposals. If the combined effect is positive, we support such proposals.

 

  4.

Shareholder Advisory Committees

We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to establish a shareholder advisory committee. Considerations include: rationale and cost to the firm to form such a committee. We generally vote against such proposals if the board and key nominating committees are comprised solely of independent/outside directors.

 

  5.

Other Business

We vote for proposals that seek to bring forth other business matters.

 

  6.

Adjourn Meeting

We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals that seek to adjourn a shareholder meeting in order to solicit additional votes.

 

  7.

Lack of Information

We vote against proposals if a company fails to provide shareholders with adequate information upon which to base their voting decision.

 

  G.

Capital Structure

 

  1.

Common Stock Authorization

 

  a.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issue, except as described in paragraph 2 below.

 

  b.

Subject to paragraph 3, below we vote for the approval requesting increases in authorized shares if the company meets certain criteria:

 

   

Company has already issued a certain percentage (i.e. greater than 50%) of the company’s allotment.

 

   

The proposed increase is reasonable (i.e. less than 150% of current inventory) based on an analysis of the company’s historical stock management or future growth outlook of the company.

 

  c.

We vote on a case-by-case basis, based on the input of affected portfolio managers, if holding is greater than 1% of an account.

 

  2.

Stock Distributions: Splits and Dividends

We vote on a case-by-case basis on management proposals to increase common share authorization for a stock split, provided that the split does not result in an increase of authorized but unissued shares of more than 100% after giving effect to the shares needed for the split.

 

  3.

Reverse Stock Splits

We vote for management proposals to implement a reverse stock split, provided that the reverse split does not result in an increase of authorized but unissued shares of more than 100% after giving effect to the shares needed for the reverse split.

 

  4.

Blank Check Preferred Stock

 

A-9


  a.

We vote against proposals to create, authorize or increase the number of shares with regard to blank check preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense).

 

  c.

We vote for proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.

 

  d.

We vote for proposals requiring a shareholder vote for blank check preferred stock issues.

 

  5.

Adjust Par Value of Common Stock

We vote for management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock.

 

  6.

Preemptive Rights

 

  a.

We vote on a case-by-case basis for shareholder proposals seeking to establish them and consider the following factors:

 

   

Size of the Company.

 

   

Characteristics of the size of the holding (holder owning more than 1% of the outstanding shares).

 

   

Percentage of the rights offering (rule of thumb less than 5%).

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis for shareholder proposals seeking the elimination of pre-emptive rights.

 

  7.

Debt Restructuring

We vote on a case-by-case basis for proposals to increase common and/or preferred shares and to issue shares as part of a debt-restructuring plan. Generally, we approve proposals that facilitate debt restructuring.

 

  8.

Share Repurchase Programs

We vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms.

 

  9.

Dual-Class Stock

We vote for proposals to create a new class of nonvoting or sub voting common stock if:

 

   

It is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders

 

   

It is not designed to preserve the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder

 

  10.

Issue Stock for Use with Rights Plan

We vote against proposals that increase authorized common stock for the explicit purpose of implementing a shareholder rights plan (poison pill).

 

  11.

Debt Issuance Requests

When evaluating a debt issuance request, the issuing company’s present financial situation is examined. The main factor for analysis is the company’s current debt-to- equity ratio, or gearing level. A high gearing level may incline markets and financial analysts to downgrade the company’s bond rating, increasing its investment risk factor in the process. A gearing level up to 100 percent is considered acceptable.

We vote for debt issuances for companies when the gearing level is between zero and 100 percent.

We view on a case-by-case basis proposals where the issuance of debt will result in the gearing level being greater than 100 percent. Any proposed debt issuance is compared to industry and market standards.

 

  12.

Financing Plans

 

A-10


We generally vote for the adopting of financing plans if we believe they are in the best economic interests of shareholders.

 

  H.

Executive and Director Compensation

In general, we vote for executive and director compensation plans, with the view that viable compensation programs reward the creation of stockholder wealth by having high payout sensitivity to increases in shareholder value. Certain factors, however, such as repricing underwater stock options without shareholder approval, would cause us to vote against a plan. Additionally, in some cases we would vote against a plan deemed unnecessary.

 

  1.

OBRA-Related Compensation Proposals

 

  a.

Amendments that Place a Cap on Annual Grant or Amend Administrative Features

We vote for plans that simply amend shareholder-approved plans to include administrative features or place a cap on the annual grants any one participant may receive to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

  b.

Amendments to Added Performance-Based Goals

We vote for amendments to add performance goals to existing compensation plans to comply with the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

  c.

Amendments to Increase Shares and Retain Tax Deductions Under OBRA

We vote for amendments to existing plans to increase shares reserved and to qualify the plan for favorable tax treatment under the provisions of Section 162(m) the Internal Revenue Code.

 

  d.

Approval of Cash or Cash-and-Stock Bonus Plans

We vote for cash or cash-and-stock bonus plans to exempt the compensation from taxes under the provisions of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

  2.

Expensing of Options

We vote for proposals to expense stock options on financial statements.

 

  3.

Index Stock Options

We vote on a case by case basis with respect to proposals seeking to index stock options. Considerations include whether the issuer expenses stock options on its financial statements and whether the issuer’s compensation committee is comprised solely of independent directors.

 

  4.

Shareholder Proposals to Limit Executive and Director Pay

 

  a.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on all shareholder proposals that seek additional disclosure of executive and director pay information. Considerations include: cost and form of disclosure. We vote for such proposals if additional disclosure is relevant to shareholder’s needs and would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry.

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on all other shareholder proposals that seek to limit executive and director pay.

We have a policy of voting to reasonably limit the level of options and other equity- based compensation arrangements available to management to reasonably limit shareholder dilution and management compensation. For options and equity-based compensation arrangements, we vote FOR proposals or amendments that would result in the available awards being less than 10% of fully diluted outstanding shares (i.e. if the combined total of shares, common share equivalents and options available to be awarded under all current and proposed compensation plans is less than 10% of fully diluted shares). In the event the available awards exceed the 10% threshold, we would also consider the % relative to the common practice of its specific industry (e.g. technology firms). Other considerations would include, without limitation, the following:

 

A-11


   

Compensation committee comprised of independent outside directors

 

   

Maximum award limits

 

   

Repricing without shareholder approval prohibited

 

   

3-year average burn rate for company

 

   

Plan administrator has authority to accelerate the vesting of awards

 

   

Shares under the plan subject to performance criteria

 

  5.

Golden Parachutes

 

  a.

We vote for shareholder proposals to have golden parachutes submitted for shareholder ratification.

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis on all proposals to ratify or cancel golden parachutes. Considerations include: the amount should not exceed 3 times average base salary plus guaranteed benefits; golden parachute should be less attractive than an ongoing employment opportunity with the firm.

 

  6.

Golden Coffins

 

  a.

We vote for shareholder proposals that request a company not to make any death benefit payments to senior executives’ estates or beneficiaries, or pay premiums in respect to any life insurance policy covering a senior executive’s life (“golden coffin”). We carve out benefits provided under a plan, policy or arrangement applicable to a broader group of employees, such as offering group universal life insurance.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals that request shareholder approval of survivor benefits for future agreements that, following the death of a senior executive, would obligate the company to make payments or awards not earned.

 

  7.

Anti Tax Gross-up Policy

 

  a.

We vote for proposals that ask a company to adopt a policy whereby it will not make, or promise to make, any tax gross-up payment to its senior executives, except for tax gross-ups provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company generally, such as relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy; we also vote for proposals that ask management to put gross-up payments to a shareholder vote.

 

  b.

We vote against proposals where a company will make, or promise to make, any tax gross-up payment to its senior executives without a shareholder vote, except for tax gross-ups provided pursuant to a plan, policy, or arrangement applicable to management employees of the company generally, such as relocation or expatriate tax equalization policy.

 

  8.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)

We vote for proposals that request shareholder approval in order to implement an ESOP or to increase authorized shares for existing ESOPs, except in cases when the number of shares allocated to the ESOP is “excessive” (i.e., generally greater than five percent of outstanding shares).

 

  9.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans

 

  a.

We vote for qualified plans where all of the following apply:

 

   

The purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value

 

   

The offering period is 27 months or less

 

   

The number of shares allocated to the plan is five percent or less of outstanding shares

If the above do not apply, we vote on a case-by-case basis.

 

  b.

We vote for non-qualified plans where all of the following apply:

 

   

All employees of the company are eligible to participate (excluding 5 percent or more beneficial owners)

 

A-12


   

There are limits on employee contribution (ex: fixed dollar amount)

 

   

There is a company matching contribution with a maximum of 25 percent of an employee’s contribution

 

   

There is no discount on the stock price on purchase date (since there is a company match)

If the above do not apply, we vote against the non-qualified employee stock purchase plan.

 

  10.

401(k) Employee Benefit Plans

We vote for proposals to implement a 401(k) savings plan for employees.

 

  11.

Stock Compensation Plans

 

  a.

We vote for stock compensation plans which provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange.

 

  b.

We vote on a case-by-case basis for stock compensation plans which do not provide a dollar-for-dollar cash for stock exchange using a quantitative model.

 

  12.

Directors Retirement Plans

 

  a.

We vote against retirement plans for non-employee directors.

 

  b.

We vote for shareholder proposals to eliminate retirement plans for non-employee directors.

 

  13.

Management Proposals to Reprice Options

We vote on a case-by-case basis on management proposals seeking approval to reprice options. Considerations include the following:

 

   

Historic trading patterns

 

   

Rationale for the repricing

 

   

Value-for-value exchange

 

   

Option vesting

 

   

Term of the option

 

   

Exercise price

 

   

Participation

 

  14.

Shareholder Proposals Recording Executive and Director Pay

 

  a.

We vote against shareholder proposals seeking to set absolute levels on compensation or otherwise dictate the amount or form of compensation.

 

  b.

We vote against shareholder proposals requiring director fees be paid in stock only.

 

  c.

We vote for shareholder proposals to put option repricing to a shareholder vote.

 

  d.

We vote for shareholder proposals that call for a non-binding advisory vote on executive pay (“say-on-pay”). Company boards would adopt a policy giving shareholders the opportunity at each annual meeting to vote on an advisory resolution to ratify the compensation of the named executive officers set forth in the proxy statement’s summary compensation table.

 

  e.

We vote “annual” for the frequency of say-on-pay proposals rather than once every two or three years.

 

  f.

We vote on a case-by-case basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long term corporate outlook.

 

  15.

Management Proposals On Executive Compensation

 

  a.

For non-binding advisory votes on executive officer compensation, when management and the external service provider agree, we vote for the proposal. When management and the external service provider

 

A-13


  disagree, the proposal becomes a refer item. In the case of a Refer item, the factors under consideration will include the following:

 

   

Company performance over the last 1-, 3- and 5-year periods on a total shareholder return basis

 

   

Performance metrics for short- and long-term incentive programs

 

   

CEO pay relative to company performance (is there a misalignment)

 

   

Tax gross-ups to senior executives

 

   

Change-in-control arrangements

 

   

Presence of a clawback provision, ownership guidelines, or stock holding requirements for senior executives

 

  b.

We vote “annual” for the frequency of say-on-pay proposals rather than once every two or three years.

 

  16.

Stock Retention / Holding Period of Equity Awards

We vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals asking companies to adopt policies requiring senior executives to retain all or a significant (>50 percent) portion of their shares acquired through equity compensation plans, either:

 

   

While employed and/or for one to two years following the termination of their employment; or

 

   

For a substantial period following the lapse of all other vesting requirements for the award, with ratable release of a portion of the shares annually during the lock-up period

The following factors will be taken into consideration:

 

   

Whether the company has any holding period, retention ratio, or named executive officer ownership requirements currently in place

 

   

Actual stock ownership of the company’s named executive officers

 

   

Policies aimed at mitigating risk taking by senior executives

 

   

Pay practices at the company that we deem problematic

 

  I.

State/Country of Incorporation

 

  1.

Voting on State Takeover Statutes

 

  a.

We vote for proposals to opt out of state freeze-out provisions.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to opt out of state disgorgement provisions.

 

  2.

Voting on Re-incorporation Proposals

We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals to change a company’s state or country of incorporation. Considerations include: reasons for re-incorporation (i.e. financial, restructuring, etc); advantages/benefits for change (i.e. lower taxes); compare the differences in state/country laws governing the corporation.

 

  3.

Control Share Acquisition Provisions

 

  a.

We vote against proposals to amend the charter to include control share acquisition provisions.

 

  b.

We vote for proposals to opt out of control share acquisition statutes unless doing so would enable the completion of a takeover that would be detrimental to shareholders.

 

  c.

We vote for proposals to restore voting rights to the control shares.

 

  d.

We vote for proposals to opt out of control share cashout statutes.

 

  J.

Mergers and Corporate Restructuring

 

  1.

Mergers and Acquisitions

 

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We vote on a case-by-case basis on mergers and acquisitions. Considerations include: benefits/advantages of the combined companies (i.e. economies of scale, operating synergies, increase in market power/share, etc); offer price (premium or discount); change in the capital structure; impact on shareholder rights.

 

  2.

Corporate Restructuring

We vote on a case-by-case basis on corporate restructuring proposals involving minority squeeze outs and leveraged buyouts. Considerations include: offer price, other alternatives/offers considered and review of fairness opinions.

 

  3.

Spin-offs

We vote on a case-by-case basis on spin-offs. Considerations include the tax and regulatory advantages, planned use of sale proceeds, market focus, and managerial incentives.

 

  4.

Asset Sales

We vote on a case-by-case basis on asset sales. Considerations include the impact on the balance sheet/working capital, value received for the asset, and potential elimination of diseconomies.

 

  5.

Liquidations

We vote on a case-by-case basis on liquidations after reviewing management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives, appraisal value of assets, and the compensation plan for executives managing the liquidation.

 

  6.

Appraisal Rights

We vote for proposals to restore, or provide shareholders with, rights of appraisal.

 

  7.

Changing Corporate Name

We vote for proposals to change the “corporate name”, unless the proposed name change bears a negative connotation.

 

  8.

Conversion of Securities

We vote on a case-by-case basis on proposals regarding conversion of securities. Considerations include the dilution to existing shareholders, the conversion price relative to market value, financial issues, control issues, termination penalties, and conflicts of interest.

 

  9.

Stakeholder Provisions

We vote against proposals that ask the board to consider non-shareholder constituencies or other non-financial effects when evaluating a merger or business combination.

 

  K.

Social and Environmental Issues

 

  1.

In general we vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder social and environmental proposals, on the basis that their impact on share value may be difficult to quantify. In most cases, however, we vote for disclosure reports that seek additional information, particularly when it appears the company has not adequately addressed shareholders’ social and environmental concerns. In determining our vote on shareholder social and environmental proposals, we also analyze the following factors:

 

  a.

whether adoption of the proposal would have either a positive or negative impact on the company’s short-term or long-term share value;

 

  b.

the percentage of sales, assets and earnings affected;

 

  c.

the degree to which the company’s stated position on the issues could affect its reputation or sales, or leave it vulnerable to boycott or selective purchasing;

 

  d.

whether the issues presented should be dealt with through government or company-specific action;

 

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  e.

whether the company has already responded in some appropriate manner to the request embodied in a proposal;

 

  f.

whether the company’s analysis and voting recommendation to shareholders is persuasive;

 

  g.

what other companies have done in response to the issue;

 

  h.

whether the proposal itself is well framed and reasonable;

 

  i.

whether implementation of the proposal would achieve the objectives sought in the proposal; and

 

  j.

whether the subject of the proposal is best left to the discretion of the board.

 

  2.

Among the social and environmental issues to which we apply this analysis are the following:

 

  a.

Energy Efficiency and Resource Utilization

 

  b.

Environmental Impact and Climate Change

 

  c.

Human Rights and Impact on Communities of Corporate Activities

 

  d.

Equal Employment Opportunity and Non Discrimination

 

  e.

ILO Standards and Child/Slave Labor

 

  f.

Product Integrity and Marketing

 

  g.

Sustainability Reporting

 

  h.

Board Representation

 

  i.

Animal Welfare

 

  L.

Miscellaneous

 

  1.

Charitable Contributions

We vote against proposals to eliminate, direct or otherwise restrict charitable contributions.

 

  2.

Political Contributions

In general, we vote on a case-by-case basis on shareholder proposals pertaining to political contributions. In determining our vote on political contribution proposals we consider, among other things, the following:

 

   

Does the company have a political contributions policy publicly available

 

   

How extensive is the disclosure on these documents

 

   

What oversight mechanisms the company has in place for approving/reviewing political contributions and expenditures

 

   

Does the company provide information on its trade association expenditures

 

   

Total amount of political expenditure by the company in recent history

 

  3.

Operational Items

 

  a.

We vote against proposals to provide management with the authority to adjourn an annual or special meeting absent compelling reasons to support the proposal.

 

  b.

We vote against proposals to reduce quorum requirements for shareholder meetings below a majority of the shares outstanding unless there are compelling reasons to support the proposal.

 

  c.

We vote for by-law or charter changes that are of a housekeeping nature (updates or corrections).

 

  d.

We vote for management proposals to change the date/time/location of the annual meeting unless the proposed change is unreasonable.

 

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  e.

We vote against shareholder proposals to change the date/time/location of the annual meeting unless the current scheduling or location is unreasonable.

 

  f.

We vote against proposals to approve other business when it appears as voting item.

 

  4.

Routine Agenda Items

In some markets, shareholders are routinely asked to approve:

 

   

the opening of the shareholder meeting

 

   

that the meeting has been convened under local regulatory requirements

 

   

the presence of a quorum

 

   

the agenda for the shareholder meeting

 

   

the election of the chair of the meeting

 

   

regulatory filings

 

   

the allowance of questions

 

   

the publication of minutes

 

   

the closing of the shareholder meeting

We generally vote for these and similar routine management proposals.

 

  5.

Allocation of Income and Dividends

We generally vote for management proposals concerning allocation of income and the distribution of dividends, unless the amount of the distribution is consistently and unusually small or large.

 

  6.

Stock (Scrip) Dividend Alternatives

 

  a.

We vote for most stock (scrip) dividend proposals.

 

  b.

We vote against proposals that do not allow for a cash option unless management demonstrates that the cash option is harmful to shareholder value.

ClearBridge has determined that registered investment companies, particularly closed end investment companies, raise special policy issues making specific voting guidelines frequently inapplicable. To the extent that ClearBridge has proxy voting authority with respect to shares of registered investment companies, ClearBridge shall vote such shares in the best interest of client accounts and subject to the general fiduciary principles set forth herein without regard to the specific voting guidelines set forth in Section V. A. through L.

The voting policy guidelines set forth in Section V may be changed from time to time by ClearBridge in its sole discretion.

 

  VI.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

In certain situations, ClearBridge may determine not to vote proxies on behalf of a client because ClearBridge believes that the expected benefit to the client of voting shares is outweighed by countervailing considerations. Examples of situations in which ClearBridge may determine not to vote proxies on behalf of a client include:

 

  A.

Share Blocking

Proxy voting in certain countries requires “share blocking.” This means that shareholders wishing to vote their proxies must deposit their shares shortly before the date of the meeting (e.g. one week) with a designated depositary. During the blocking period, shares that will be voted at the meeting cannot be sold until the meeting has taken place and the shares have been returned to client accounts by the designated depositary. In deciding whether to vote shares subject to share blocking, ClearBridge will consider and weigh, based on the particular facts and circumstances, the expected benefit to clients of voting in relation to the detriment to clients of not being able to sell such shares during the applicable period.

 

A-17


  B.

Securities on Loan

Certain clients of ClearBridge, such as an institutional client or a mutual fund for which ClearBridge acts as a sub-adviser, may engage in securities lending with respect to the securities in their accounts. ClearBridge typically does not direct or oversee such securities lending activities. To the extent feasible and practical under the circumstances, ClearBridge will request that the client recall shares that are on loan so that such shares can be voted if ClearBridge believes that the expected benefit to the client of voting such shares outweighs the detriment to the client of recalling such shares (e.g., foregone income). The ability to timely recall shares for proxy voting purposes typically is not entirely within the control of ClearBridge and requires the cooperation of the client and its other service providers. Under certain circumstances, the recall of shares in time for such shares to be voted may not be possible due to applicable proxy voting record dates and administrative considerations.

 

  VII.

DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING

ClearBridge employees may not disclose to others outside of ClearBridge (including employees of other Legg Mason business units) how ClearBridge intends to vote a proxy absent prior approval from ClearBridge’s General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer, except that a ClearBridge investment professional may disclose to a third party (other than an employee of another Legg Mason business unit) how s/he intends to vote without obtaining prior approval from ClearBridge’s General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer if (1) the disclosure is intended to facilitate a discussion of publicly available information by ClearBridge personnel with a representative of a company whose securities are the subject of the proxy, (2) the company’s market capitalization exceeds $1 billion and (3) ClearBridge has voting power with respect to less than 5% of the outstanding common stock of the company.

If a ClearBridge employee receives a request to disclose ClearBridge’s proxy voting intentions to, or is otherwise contacted by, another person outside of ClearBridge (including an employee of another Legg Mason business unit) in connection with an upcoming proxy voting matter, he/she should immediately notify ClearBridge’s General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer.

If a portfolio manager wants to take a public stance with regards to a proxy, s/he must consult with ClearBridge’s General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer before making or issuing a public statement.

 

  VIII.

RECORDKEEPING AND OVERSIGHT

ClearBridge shall maintain the following records relating to proxy voting:

 

   

a copy of these policies and procedures;

 

   

a copy of each proxy form (as voted);

 

   

a copy of each proxy solicitation (including proxy statements) and related materials with regard to each vote;

 

   

documentation relating to the identification and resolution of conflicts of interest;

 

   

any documents created by ClearBridge that were material to a proxy voting decision or that memorialized the basis for that decision; and

 

   

a copy of each written client request for information on how ClearBridge voted proxies on behalf of the client, and a copy of any written response by ClearBridge to any (written or oral) client request for information on how ClearBridge voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client.

Such records shall be maintained and preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than six years from the end of the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in an appropriate office of the ClearBridge adviser.

To the extent that ClearBridge is authorized to vote proxies for a United States Registered Investment Company, ClearBridge shall maintain such records as are necessary to allow such fund to comply with its recordkeeping, reporting and disclosure obligations under applicable laws, rules and regulations.

In lieu of keeping copies of proxy statements, ClearBridge may rely on proxy statements filed on the EDGAR system as well as on third party records of proxy statements and votes cast if the third party provides an undertaking to provide the documents promptly upon request.

 

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PART C

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits

 

(a)   (1)    Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated June 8, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to initial registration statement on Form N-1A filed on September 4, 2015.
  (2)    Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated February 15, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12 filed on February 17, 2017 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 12”).
  (3)    Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated June 8, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to initial registration statement on Form N-1A filed on September 4, 2015.
  (4)    Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated February 15, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16 filed on April 12, 2017 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 16”).
  (5)    Designation of Series of Shares of Beneficial Interests in the Registrant effective as of July 30, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to initial registration statement on Form N-1A filed on September 4, 2015.
  (6)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series of Shares of Beneficial Interests in the Registrant effective as of September 4, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement on Form N-1A filed on November 6, 2015 (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1”).
  (7)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated April 28, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 filed on May 2, 2016 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 2”).
  (8)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated July 28, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 filed on August 26, 2016.
  (9)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated January 9, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 filed on January 27, 2017.
  (10)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated February 1, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12.
  (11)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated February 15, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (12)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated April 27, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 filed on May 12, 2017.

 

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  (13)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated July 26, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 filed on February 22, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 42”).
  (14)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated October 6, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
  (15)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated October 31, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 filed on January 26, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 39”).
  (16)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated February 7, 2018 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 filed on October 31, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 62”).
  (17)    Amended and Restated Designation of Series dated October 29, 2018 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62.
(b)   (1)    Bylaws of the Registrant dated June 8, 2015 are incorporated herein by reference to initial registration statement on Form N-1A filed on September 4, 2015.
  (2)    Amendment No. 1 to the Bylaws of the Registrant dated November 3, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1.
  (3)    Bylaws of the Registrant dated June 8, 2015, as amended and restated as of February 15, 2017, are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
(c)   See Exhibits (a) and (b)
(d)   (1)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF, and Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement on Form N-1A filed on December 3, 2015 (“Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2”).
  (2)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (4)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (5)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS Investors, LLC (“QS”)regarding Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF, is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (6)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS regarding Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (7)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS regarding Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

 

- 3 -


  (8)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS regarding Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (9)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset Management Company, LLC (formerly, Western Asset Management Company) (“Western Asset”) regarding Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (10)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (11)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 .
  (12)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (13)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (14)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS regarding Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (15)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (16)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 filed on November 8, 2016 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 7”).
  (17)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and QS regarding Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (18)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (19)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 filed on December 19, 2016 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 9”).
  (20)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and RARE Infrastructure (North America) Pty Limited (“RARE”) regarding Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9.
  (21)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9.
  (22)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.

 

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  (23)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and ClearBridge Investments, LLC (“ClearBridge”) regarding ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (24)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (25)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20 filed on May 15, 2017 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 20”).
  (26)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and ClearBridge regarding ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20.
  (27)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20.
  (28)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 filed on May 15, 2017 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 21”).
  (29)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and ClearBridge regarding ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21.
  (30)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21.
  (31)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 filed on June 30, 2017 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 24”).
  (32)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Royce & Associates, LP (“Royce”) regarding Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (33)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (34)    Schedule A to the Management Agreement between Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 filed on March 22, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 45”).
  (35)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of BrandywineGLOBAL - Global Total Return ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 filed on October 4, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 60”).
  (36)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC (“Brandywine”) regarding BrandywineGLOBAL - Global Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60.

 

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  (37)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Western Asset Total Return ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 filed on July 30, 2018 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 53”).
  (38)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Western Asset Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (39)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset London”) regarding Western Asset Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (40)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset Management Company Ltd (“Western Asset Japan”) regarding Western Asset Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (41)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd. (“Western Asset Singapore”) regarding Western Asset Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (42)    Schedule A to the Management Agreement between Registrant, on behalf of Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (43)    Form of Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF, and LMPFA is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 filed on January 14, 2019 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 70”)
  (44)    Form of Subadvisory Agreement between LMPFA and Western Asset regarding Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
  (45)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset London regarding Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
  (46)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset Japan regarding Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
  (47)    Form of Sub-Subadvisory Agreement between Western Asset and Western Asset Singapore regarding Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
(e)   (1)    Form of Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (2)    Form of Authorized Participant Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of April 28, 2016, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (4)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of November 1, 2016, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.

 

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  (5)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of February 1, 2017, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (6)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of April 27, 2017, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (7)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of October 31, 2017, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
  (8)    Schedule A, amended and restated as of November 16, 2018, to the Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
(f)   Not applicable.
(g)   (1)    Custodian Services Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), dated October 5, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 of Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust as filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012.
  (2)    Form of Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Form of Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 filed on July 15, 2016 (“Post-Effective Amendment No. 3”).
  (4)    Form of Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (5)    Form of Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9.
  (6)    Form of Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (7)    Custodian Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 1, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
  (8)    Letter Agreement amending the Custodian Services Agreement and Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (9)    Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Custodian Services Agreement is filed herewith.
(h)   (1)    Fund Accounting Services Agreement with State Street, dated October 5, 2012, is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 of Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust as filed with the SEC on November 30, 2012.

 

- 7 -


  (2)    Form of Letter Agreement, dated November 20, 2015, amending the Fund Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (4)    Form of Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Registrant and QS is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (5)    Form of Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3.
  (6)    Exhibit A, amended and restated as of April 28, 2016, to the Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Registrant and QS is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (8)    Form of Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (9)    Exhibit A to the Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Registrant and QS with respect to Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (10)    Form of Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Registrant and RARE is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9.
  (11)    Form of Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (12)    Form of Intellectual Property License Agreement between the Registrant and Royce is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (13)    Fund Accounting Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 1, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
  (14)    Form of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement with The Bank of New York Mellon, dated January 1, 2018, is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45.
  (15)    Letter Agreement to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.
  (16)    Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement is filed herewith.
  (17)    Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Fund Accounting Services Agreement is filed herewith.
(i)   (1)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.

 

- 8 -


  (2)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3.
  (3)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (4)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9.
  (5)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (6)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 20.
  (7)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21.
  (8)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (9)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Western Asset Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 filed on September 10, 2018.
  (10)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Total Return ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60.
  (11)    Opinion of Venable LLP regarding the legality of shares with respect to Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62.
(j)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed herewith.
(k)   Not applicable.
(l)   Form of Initial Capital Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
(m)   (1)    Form of Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (2)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of April 28, 2016, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of November 1, 2016, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7.
  (4)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of February 1, 2017, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 16.
  (5)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of April 27, 2017, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.

 

- 9 -


  (6)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of October 31, 2017, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
  (7)    Appendix A, amended and restated as of November 16, 2018, to the Shareholder Services and Distribution Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 70.
(n)   Not applicable.
(o)   (1)    Powers of Attorney dated July 30, 2015 are incorporated herein by reference to initial registration statement on Form N-1A filed on September 4, 2015.
  (2)    Powers of Attorney dated February 2, 2016 are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (3)    Powers of Attorney dated February 1, 2017 are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 12.
  (4)    Powers of Attorney dated February 13, 2018 are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 42.
(p)   (1)    Code of Ethics of the Independent Trustees of the Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2. All Access Persons of each fund are subject to a code of ethics meeting the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. All Access Persons of the funds other than the Independent Trustees of the Registrant are subject to the provisions of other codes of ethics that have been adopted by LMPFA, LMIS, QS, Western Asset and ClearBridge (see exhibits (p)(2), (p)(3),(p)(4) and (p)(6)) and approved by the Board of Trustees of the Registrant in accordance with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act.
  (2)    Code of Ethics of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (adopted by LMPFA and LMIS) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 215 of Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust as filed with the SEC on December 16, 2011.
  (3)    Code of Ethics of QS is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2.
  (4)    Code of Ethics of RARE is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 of Legg Mason Global Asset Management Trust as filed with the SEC on January 14, 2016.
  (5)    Code of Ethics of ClearBridge is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 of Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust as filed with the SEC on August 26, 2009.
  (6)    Code of Ethics of Royce is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24.
  (7)    Code of Ethics of Brandywine is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60.
  (8)    Code of Ethics of Western Asset, Western Asset London and Western Asset Singapore is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.

 

- 10 -


 

(9)

  

Code of Ethics of Western Asset Japan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund

Not applicable.

Item 30. Indemnification

Article IX of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust addresses the limitation of liability and indemnification of the Registrant’s Trustees, officers and others. Section 9.2(a) of the Declaration of Trust provides that no current or former Trustee, officer, or employee of the Registrant will be subject to any personal liability whatsoever to any person, other than the Registrant or its shareholders, in connection with the affairs of the Registrant. Further, Section 9.2(b) of the Declaration of Trust provides that, subject to applicable federal law, no current or former Trustee or officer of the Registrant will be liable to the Registrant or to any shareholder for money damages except:

 

   

to the extent that it is proved that the person actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services, or

 

   

to the extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the person is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the person’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding.

Section 9.5 of the Declaration of Trust states that, subject to certain exceptions and limitations expressed in the Declaration of Trust, each current and former Trustee, officer, or employee of the Registrant, including persons who serve at the request of the Registrant as directors, trustees, officers, employees, agents or independent contractors of another organization in which the Registrant has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (each, a “Covered Person”), be indemnified by the Registrant to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being (or having served) in such position and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof. Section 9.5 of the Declaration of Trust further provides that no indemnification shall be provided to the extent such indemnification is prohibited by applicable federal law. The Declaration of Trust also sets forth provisions outlining presumptions that may be made relating to a person’s standard of conduct and when expenses may be advanced.

In addition to the foregoing, the Registrant has entered into an Indemnification Agreement with each of its Trustees that provides for indemnification consistent with the principles described above. These Indemnification Agreements set forth certain procedural aspects with respect to indemnification, including the advancement of expenses, and presumptions relating to the determination of whether the standard of conduct required for indemnification has been met, as well as remedies for the indemnitee in the event that, among other things, determinations as to entitlement to indemnification, advancement of expenses and indemnity payments are not made in accordance with the procedures specified therein.

The Trustees and officers of the Registrant and the personnel of the Registrant’s manager are insured under an errors and omissions liability insurance policy. The Registrant and its officers are also insured under the fidelity bond required by Rule 17g-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), may be provided to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant, pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding or payment pursuant to any insurance policy) is asserted against the Registrant by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the

 

- 11 -


Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is prohibited as against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Under the Distribution Agreement, the Registrant agrees to indemnify LMIS, its officers, directors and employees and any person who controls LMIS within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, free and harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities and expenses (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending such claims, demands or liabilities and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) which LMIS, its officers, directors and employees or any such controlling person may incur, under the 1933 Act or under common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registrant’s Registration Statement or arising out of or based upon any alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary to make the Registration Statement not misleading, provided that in no event shall anything contained in the Distribution Agreement be construed so as to protect LMIS or such other parties against any liability to the Registrant or its shareholders to which LMIS or such other parties would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of their duties, or by reason of reckless disregard of their obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement.

The Registrant’s Management Agreements and Subadvisory Agreements generally provide that the manager or subadviser, as applicable, assumes no responsibility under the Agreements other than to render the services called for under the Agreements in good faith. The Management Agreements and Subadvisory Agreements generally further provide that the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of securities transactions for the fund, provided that nothing in the Agreements protect the manager or the subadviser, as applicable, against any liability to a fund to which the manager or subadviser, as applicable, would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreements.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

Investment Adviser—Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”)

LMPFA was formed in 2006 under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company. LMPFA is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”).

LMPFA is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of LMPFA together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by LMPFA pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-66785).

Subadviser—Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC (“Brandywine”)

Brandywine was organized under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company. Brandywine is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Brandywine is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The following table notes the officers and directors of Brandywine, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two fiscal years.

 

NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT

BRANDYWINE

  

OTHER POSITION(S) HELD

  

PRINCIPAL BUSINESS

ADDRESS

David F. Hoffman    Elected Manager and Senior Managing Director    President, BGIM Capital Management, LLC   

Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19104

 

- 12 -


Henry F. Otto    Elected Manager and Senior Managing Director    None   
Adam B. Spector    Elected Manager and Managing Partner    Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Canada) ULC   

Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19104

      Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Asia) Pte. Ltd.    Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19104
      Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Europe) Limited    Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19104
John D. Kenney    Elected Manager    Vice President, Legg Mason, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, QS Investors Holdings, LLC   

880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

      Director, QS Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc.   

880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

      Vice President, Legg Mason Charitable Foundation, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, ClearBridge Investments, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor New York, NY 10018
      Director, Legg Mason ClearBridge Holdings LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, Legg Mason Australia Holdings Pty Limited   

Level 47, 120 Collins Street,

Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

      Manager, Royce & Associates, GP, LLC   

745 Fifth Avenue

New York, NY 10151

      Manager, Legg Mason Royce Holdings, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, EnTrustPermal Partners Holdings LLC   

375 Park Avenue, 24th Floor

New York, NY 10152

      Director, EnTrustPermal LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, Martin Currie (Holdings) Limited    Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda
      Director, Martin Currie Limited    Saltire Court, 20 Castle Terrace, Edinburgh, EH1 2ES, United Kingdom

 

- 13 -


      Director, RARE Infrastructure Finance Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure International Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure (Europe) Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure (North America) Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Holdings Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, Treasury RARE Holdings Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Manager, LM/Clarion I, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Manager, LM/Clarion II, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, Clarion Partners Holdings, LLC   

230 Park Avenue, Floor 12

New York, NY 10169

Patricia Lattin    Elected Manager    None   
Jeffrey S. Masom    Elected Manager    Director, Legg Mason Investor Services, LC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

Ursula A. Schliesser    Elected Manager    Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer, Legg Mason, Inc   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, Treasury RARE Holdings Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, Legg Mason Australia Holdings Pty Limited   

Level 47, 120 Collins Street

Melbourne, Victoria 3000

      Director, RARE Holdings Pty Limited   

Level 13

35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

      Director, RARE Infrastructure (Europe) Pty Limited   

Level 13

35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

 

- 14 -


      Director, RARE Infrastructure International Pty Limited   

Level 13

35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

      Director, RARE Infrastructure (UK) Limited    84 Brook Street, London, W1K 5EH, U.K.
      Director, RARE Infrastructure Finance Pty Limited   

Level 13

35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

      Director, RARE Infrastructure Limited   

Level 13

35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia

      Director, Legg Mason Investment Funds Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB, U.K.
      Director, Legg Mason Investments (Europe) Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB, U.K.
      Director, Legg Mason Asset Management (Japan) Co., Ltd,    Marunouchi 1-5-1, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-6536, Japan
      Director, Legg Mason Asset Management Hong Kong Limited,    Suites 1202-03, 12 Floor, York House, The Landmark, 15 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong
      Director, Legg Mason Asset Management Australia Limited   

Level 47, 120 Collins Street

Melbourne, Victoria 3000

      Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Europe) Limited    2929 Arch Street, 8th Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Mark P. Glassman    Chief Administrative Officer    Director, Brandywine Global Investment Management (Europe) Limited    Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19104
      Treasurer, BGIM Capital Management, LLC,    Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St. 8th Floor Philadelphia, PA 19104
Stephen S. Smith    Senior Managing Director    Vice President, BGIM Capital Management, LLC   

Cira Centre, 2929 Arch St.

8th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19104

Steven M. Tonkovich    Senior Managing Director    None   
Patrick S. Kaser    Managing Director    None   
Christopher D. Marzullo    General Counsel & Chief Compliance Officer    None   

 

- 15 -


Thomas C. Merchant    Secretary    Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Legg Mason, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason & Co., LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Member and Secretary,
Legg Mason Political Action Committee
  

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, The Baltimore Company   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, BMML, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Barrett Associates, Inc.   

90 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10016

      Secretary, Legg Mason Charitable Foundation, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Commercial Real Estate Services, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason International Holdings, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Realty Group, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Realty Partners, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Tower, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Holdings, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, LM Capital Support V, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, LMOBC, Inc.    600 Vine Street, Suite 2100 Cincinnati, OH 45202
      Secretary, Pelican Holdings I, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Pelican Holdings II, LLC   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Secretary, Legg Mason Real Estate Securities Advisors, Inc.   

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

      Director, QS Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc.   

880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

      QS Investors, LLC   

880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

 

- 16 -


      Director, QS Investors
Holdings, LLC
  

880 Third Avenue,
7th Floor

New York, NY 10022

      Non-Executive Director,
Western Asset Management Company Limited
   10 Exchange Square,
10th Floor, Primrose Street, London EC2A 2EN, United Kingdom

Subadviser—ClearBridge Investments, LLC (“ClearBridge”)

ClearBridge was organized under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company. ClearBridge is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. ClearBridge is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.

The following table notes the officers and directors of ClearBridge, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT
CLEARBRIDGE
INVESTMENTS, LLC

  

OTHER POSITION(S)
HELD

  

PRINCIPAL
BUSINESS
ADDRESS

Terrence J. Murphy    Director, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer    Manager, Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Operating Officer, ClearBridge, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
      Director and Chief Executive Officer, Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
Barbara Brooke Manning    General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer    General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer, ClearBridge, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
      Chief Compliance Officer, Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
Harry D. Cohen    Co-Chief Investment Officer    Co-Chief Investment Officer, ClearBridge, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018

 

- 17 -


NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT
CLEARBRIDGE
INVESTMENTS, LLC

  

OTHER POSITION(S)
HELD

  

PRINCIPAL
BUSINESS
ADDRESS

Scott K. Glasser    Director and Co-Chief Investment Officer    Co-Chief Investment Officer, ClearBridge, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
Cynthia K. List    Director and Chief Financial Officer    Chief Financial Officer, Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
      Chief Financial Officer, ClearBridge, LLC    620 Eighth Avenue, 48th Floor, New York,
New York 10018
John D. Kenney    Director    Vice President, Legg Mason, Inc.    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, QS Investors Holdings, LLC    880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor New York, NY 10022
      Former Director, QS Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc.    880 Third Avenue, 7th Floor New York, NY 10022
      Vice President, Legg Mason Charitable Foundation, Inc.    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, Legg Mason ClearBridge Holdings LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, Legg Mason Australia Holdings Pty Limited    Level 47, 120 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
      Manager, Royce & Associates, GP, LLC    745 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10151
      Manager, Legg Mason Royce Holdings, LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, EnTrustPermal Partners Holdings LLC    375 Park Avenue, 24th Floor New York, NY 10152
      Director, EnTrustPermal LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202

 

- 18 -


NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT

CLEARBRIDGE
INVESTMENTS, LLC

  

OTHER POSITION(S)
HELD

  

PRINCIPAL
BUSINESS
ADDRESS

      Director, Martin Currie (Holdings) Limited    Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda
      Director, Martin Currie Limited    Saltire Court, 20 Castle Terrace, Edinburgh, EH1 2ES, United Kingdom
      Director, RARE Infrastructure Finance Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure International Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure (Europe) Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Infrastructure (North America) Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, RARE Holdings Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Director, Treasury RARE Holdings Pty Limited    Level 13, 35 Clarence Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
      Manager, LM/Clarion I, LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Manager, LM/Clarion II, LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, Clarion Partners Holdings, LLC   

230 Park Avenue, Floor 12

New York, NY 10169

 

- 19 -


NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT

CLEARBRIDGE
INVESTMENTS, LLC

  

OTHER POSITION(S)
HELD

  

PRINCIPAL
BUSINESS
ADDRESS

Frances L. Cashman    Director    Director, Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Manager, Royce & Associates GP, LLC    745 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10151
Brian M. Eakes    Director    Manager, Legg Mason Holdings, LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, Legg Mason Investment Funds Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB U.K.
      Director, Legg Mason Investments (Europe) Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB U.K.
      Director, Permal Group Holdings LLC    100 International Drive Baltimore, MD 21202
      Director, Permal Group LLC   
      Director, Permal UK Limited    12 St. James’s Square London SW1Y 4LB U.K.
      Director, ETP Holdings (Cayman) Limited   
      Director, Legg Mason & Co. (UK) Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB U.K.
      Director, Legg Mason Asset Management (Japan) Co. Limited    5-1 Marunochi 1-Chome Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-6536, Japan
John J. Eede    Director    Director, Legg Mason Investment Funds Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB U.K.
      Director, Legg Mason Investments (Europe) Limited    201 Bishopsgate London EC2M 3AB U.K.

 

- 20 -


NAME

  

POSITION(S) AT

CLEARBRIDGE
INVESTMENTS, LLC

  

OTHER POSITION(S)
HELD

  

PRINCIPAL
BUSINESS
ADDRESS

      Director, Legg Mason Investments (Switzerland) GMBH    c/o Naegeli & Partner Attorneys at Law Ltd., Klausstrasse 33, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland

Subadviser— QS Investors LLC (“QS”)

QS was formed in 1999 under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company. QS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason in 2014. QS is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of QS, reference is made to the current Form ADV of QS filed under the Advisers Act, incorporated herein by reference and the file number of which is as follows:

QS Investors, LLC

File No. 801-70974

CRD No. 152688

Subadviser—RARE Infrastructure (North America) Pty Ltd. (“RARE”)

RARE is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act. The following table notes the directors, officers, or partners of RARE, together with information as to any other substantial business activities engaged in by such directors, officers or partners of RARE.

 

Name

  

Position at RARE

  

Other Positions Held

Nicholas James Langley

   Director    None

Richard Peter Elmslie

   Director    None

Sally Louise Worrall

   CCO    None

Annette Katherine Golden

   Head of Legal    None

Ursula Schliessler

   Director    None

John Duff Kenney

   Director    None

Hong Heng Lennie Lim

   Director    None

Julie Marie Schelfhaut

   Head of Finance/CO SEC    None

Carl Nelson McGann

   COO    None

Subadviser— Royce & Associates, LP (“Royce”)

Royce was formed under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited partnership. Royce is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of Royce, reference is made to the current Form ADV of Royce filed under the Advisers Act, incorporated herein by reference and the file number of which is as follows:

Royce & Associates, LP

File No. 801-8268

CRD No. 107689

 

- 21 -


Subadviser—Western Asset Management Company, LLC (formerly, Western Asset Management Company) (“WAM”)

WAM is organized as under the laws of the State of California as a limited liability company. WAM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. WAM is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

The following table notes the officers and directors of WAM, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

Name

  

Position at WAM

  

Other Positions Held

James W. Hirschmann III

   Chief Executive Officer, President and Director    None

Bruce D. Alberts

   Chief Financial Officer    None

Brett B. Canon

   Director of Risk Management and Operations    None

James J. Flick

   Director of Global Client Services and Marketing    None

Gavin L. James

   Director of Portfolio Operations    None

Charles A. Ruys de Perez

   Secretary, General Counsel and Head of Legal and Compliance    Western Asset Management Company Limited—Director; Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd.—Director; Western Asset Management Company Ltd.—Director; Western Asset Management Company Pty. Ltd.—Director; Western Asset Holdings (Australia) Pty. Ltd.—Director

Jeffrey A. Nattans

   Director    ClearBridge, LLC – Director; Legg Mason Investment Counsel, LLC – Director; Legg Mason Investment Counsel & Trust Company, N.A. – Director; LMOBC, Inc. – Director; PCM Holdings I, LLC – Director; PCM Holdings II, LLC – Director; Royce & Associates, LLC – Director; Western Asset Management Company – Director; Permal Group Limited – Director; Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group, LLC – Director; LMOBC, Inc. – Officer-President

F. Barry Bilson

   Director    None

Daniel E. Giddings

   Assistant Secretary    None

Sub-Subadviser—Western Asset Management Company Limited (“WAM London”)

WAM London is incorporated under the laws of England as a corporation. WAM London is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. WAM London is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

 

- 22 -


The following table notes the officers and directors of WAM London, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

Name

  

Position at WAM

  

Other Positions Held

Charles A. Ruys de Perez

   Director    Information regarding Mr. Ruys de Perez’s other positions held is included in the table above relating to WAM.

Michael B. Zelouf

   Director    Director; Western Asset Management (UK) Holdings Limited (“Holdings UK”)

Kate Blackledge

   Secretary    Officer, Holdings UK

Sub-Subadviser—Western Asset Management Company Ltd (“WAM Japan”)

Western Asset Management Company Ltd in Japan (“WAM Japan”) is incorporated under the laws of Japan as a corporation. WAM Japan is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. WAM Japan is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

The following table notes the officers and directors of WAM Japan, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

Name

  

Position at WAM

  

Other Positions Held

Takashi Komatsu

   Director    None

Naoya Orime

   Director    None

Charles A. Ruys de Perez

   Director    Information regarding Mr. Ruys de Perez’s other positions held is included in the table above relating to WAM.

Yasuaki Sudo

   Finance Officer    None

Naoya Orime

  

Head of Tokyo

Operations

   None

Sub-Subadviser—Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd. (“WAM Singapore”)

WAM Singapore is incorporated under the laws of Singapore as a corporation. WAM Singapore is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. WAM Singapore is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act.

The following table notes the officers and directors of WAM Singapore, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years.

 

Name

  

Position at WAM

  

Other Positions Held

Charles A. Ruys de Perez

   Director    Information regarding Mr. Ruys de Perez’s other positions held is included in the table above relating to WAM.

Alvin Lee Lip Sin

   Director    None

Hui Kwoon Thor

   Finance Manager    None

Henry H. Hamrock

   Head of Singapore Operations    None

 

- 23 -


Item 32. Principal Underwriters

(a) Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC (“LMIS”) is a distributor of funds that are series of the following registrants: Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust, Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust, Legg Mason Partners Variable Equity Trust, Legg Mason Partners Income Trust, Legg Mason Partners Variable Income Trust, Legg Mason Partners Institutional Trust, Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, Legg Mason Partners Premium Money Market Trust, Legg Mason Global Asset Management Trust, Legg Mason Global Asset Management Variable Trust, Legg Mason Investment Trust, Western Asset Funds, Inc.

LMIS is the placement agent for funds that are series of Master Portfolio Trust.

(b) The information required by this Item 32 with respect to each director and officer of LMIS is listed below:

 

Name and Principal Business Address*

  

Position and Offices
with Underwriter – LMIS

  

Positions and Offices
with Registrant

Frances Cashman    Manager and Co-Managing Director    None
Jeffrey Masom    Manager and Co-Managing Director    None
Dionne Spencer    Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Financial Reporting Officer    None

Kenneth D. Cieprisz

620 8th Avenue, 49th Floor
New York, NY 10018

   Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer    None
Elisabeth F. Craig    Secretary    None
Vicki Schmelzer    Assistant Secretary    None

Susan Kerr

620 8th Avenue, 49th Floor
New York, NY 10018

   AML Compliance Officer    None

 

*

All addresses are 100 International Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, unless otherwise indicated.

(c) Not applicable.

 

- 24 -


Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

With respect to the Registrant:

 

  (1)

Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

With respect to the Registrant’s Investment Managers:

 

  (2)

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

 

  (3)

Brandywine Global Investment Management, LLC

2929 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19104

 

  (4)

ClearBridge Investments, LLC

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

 

  (5)

QS Investors, LLC

880 Third Avenue

New York, New York 10022

 

  (6)

RARE Infrastructure (North America) Pty Ltd.

Level 13, 35 Clarence Street

Sydney, NSW 2000

 

  (7)

Royce & Associates, LP

745 Fifth Avenue

New York, New York 10151

 

  (8)

c/o Western Asset Management Company, LLC, Western Asset Management Company Limited, Western Asset Management Company Ltd and Western Asset Management Company Pte. Ltd.

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, New York 10018

With respect to the Registrant’s Custodian:

 

  (9)

The Bank of New York Mellon

225 Liberty Street

New York, New York 10286

With respect to the Registrant’s Transfer Agent:

 

  (10)

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.

225 Liberty Street

New York, New York 10286

 

- 25 -


With respect to the Registrant’s Distributor:

 

  (11)

Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC

100 International Drive

Baltimore, MD 21202

Item 34. Management Services

Not applicable.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not applicable.

 

- 26 -


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, LEGG MASON ETF INVESTMENT TRUST, has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Baltimore, State of Maryland on this 28th day of January, 2019.

LEGG MASON ETF INVESTMENT TRUST, on behalf of ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF.

 

By:  

/s/ Jane Trust

  Jane Trust
  President and Chief Executive Officer

WITNESS our hands on the date set forth below.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Post-Effective Amendment has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated below on January 28, 2019.

 

Signature

  

Title

/s/ Jane Trust

Jane Trust

   President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee

/s/ Richard F. Sennett

Richard F. Sennett

   Principal Financial Officer

Paul R. Ades*

Paul R. Ades

   Trustee

Andrew L. Breech*

Andrew L. Breech

   Trustee

Dwight B. Crane*

Dwight B. Crane

   Trustee

Althea L. Duersten*

Althea L. Duersten

   Trustee

Frank G. Hubbard*

Frank G. Hubbard

   Trustee

Howard J. Johnson*

Howard J. Johnson

   Trustee

Jerome H. Miller*

Jerome H. Miller

   Trustee

Ken Miller*

Ken Miller

   Trustee

Thomas F. Schlafly*

Thomas F. Schlafly

   Trustee

 

*By:   /s/ Jane Trust                                                      
  Jane Trust, as Agent  

 

 

- 27 -


INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

Index No.

 

Description of Exhibit

(g)(9)   Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Custodian Services Agreement
(h)(16)   Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement
(h)(17)   Form of Amendment No. 1 to the Fund Accounting Services Agreement
(j)   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

- 28 -

Exhibit (g)(9)

Amendment No. 1

To

Custodian Services Agreement

This Amendment No. 1 To Custodian Services Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”), dated as of January 2, 2019 (“Effective Date”), is being entered into by and among The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Custodian”) and each Fund identified on Exhibit A to this Amendment No. 1 on behalf of each of its Portfolios identified on Exhibit A. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Original Agreement (as defined below).

Background

The Custodian and certain of the Funds on behalf of certain of the Portfolios previously entered into the Custodian Services Agreement made as of January 1, 2018 (“Original Agreement”). The parties wish to amend the Original Agreement as set forth in this Amendment No. 1.

Terms

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

1.    Modifications to Original Agreement. The Original Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Exhibit A in its entirety and replacing it with the Exhibit A attached to this Amendment No. 1.

2.    Adoption of Amended Agreement by New Funds and New Portfolios. Each Fund and each Portfolio of a Fund that has been added to Exhibit A by virtue of this Amendment No. 1 acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment No. 1 it becomes and is a party to the Original Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 1 (“Amended Agreement”) as of the Effective Date, or if the Custodian commenced providing services to the Fund or Portfolio, respectively, prior to the Effective Date, as of the date the Custodian first provided services to such Fund or Portfolio, respectively, (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date, and (iii) the duly authorized officer of the Fund or Portfolio identified on the signature page annexed hereto has full power and authority to enter into this Amendment No. 1 on behalf of such Fund or Portfolio.

3.    Remainder of Original Agreement. Except as specifically modified by this Amendment No. 1, all terms and conditions of the Original Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

4.    Governing Law. The governing law of the Original Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment No. 1.

5.    Entire Agreement. This Amendment No. 1 constitutes a complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Original Agreement with respect to such subject matter.

6.    Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts. This Amendment No. 1 may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment No. 1 or of executed signature pages to this Amendment No. 1 by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment No. 1.

 

1


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment No. 1 to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.

 

    EACH FUND ON BEHALF OF EACH OF ITS
PORTFOLIOS IDENTIFIED ON EXHIBIT A
ANNEXED HERETO
 

By:                                                                                  

 

Name: Jane Trust                                                           

 

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer              

 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

 

By:                                                                                 

 

Name:                                                                            

 

Title:                                                                              

 

2


EXHIBIT A1

(Dated: January 2, 2019)

This Exhibit A, amended and restated effective as of January 2, 2019, is Exhibit A to the Original Agreement, as amended through the Effective Date.

Funds/Portfolios

 

Open-End Funds
Legg Mason Global Asset Management Trust

BrandywineGLOBAL – Alternative Credit Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Diversified US Large Cap Value Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Dynamic US Large Cap Value Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Flexible Income Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global High Yield Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Opportunities Bond Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Unconstrained Bond Fund

BrandywineGLOBAL – International Opportunities Bond Fund

ClearBridge International Growth Fund

ClearBridge Small Cap Fund

ClearBridge Value Trust

Martin Currie Emerging Markets Fund

Martin Currie International Unconstrained Equity Fund

Martin Currie SMASh Series EM Fund

QS Global Market Neutral Fund

QS International Equity Fund

QS Strategic Real Return Fund

QS U.S. Small Capitalization Equity Fund

RARE Global Infrastructure Value Fund

Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust

ClearBridge Aggressive Growth Fund

ClearBridge All Cap Value Fund

ClearBridge Appreciation Fund

ClearBridge Dividend Strategy Fund

ClearBridge Energy MLP & Infrastructure Fund

ClearBridge International Small Cap Fund

ClearBridge International Value Fund

ClearBridge Large Cap Growth Fund

ClearBridge Large Cap Value Fund

ClearBridge Mid Cap Fund

ClearBridge Mid Cap Growth Fund

ClearBridge Select Fund

ClearBridge Small Cap Growth Fund

ClearBridge Small Cap Value Fund

ClearBridge Sustainability Leaders Fund

 

 

1 

Note that open-end Funds, closed-end Funds and Cayman Islands Funds should be identified as such in Exhibit A.

 

3


ClearBridge Tactical Dividend Income Fund

EnTrustPermal Alternative Core Fund

QS Conservative Growth Fund

QS Defensive Growth Fund

QS Global Dividend Fund

QS Global Equity Fund

QS Growth Fund

QS Moderate Growth Fund

QS S&P 500 Index Fund

QS U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund

QS SMASh Series ID Fund*

Legg Mason Partners Income Trust

Western Asset Adjustable Rate Income Fund

Western Asset California Municipals Fund

Western Asset Corporate Bond Fund

Western Asset Emerging Markets Debt Fund

Western Asset Global High Yield Bond Fund

Western Asset Income Fund

Western Asset Intermediate Maturity California Municipals Fund

Western Asset Intermediate Maturity New York Municipals Fund

Western Asset Intermediate-Term Municipals Fund

Western Asset Managed Municipals Fund

Western Asset Massachusetts Municipals Fund

Western Asset Mortgage Backed Securities Fund

Western Asset Municipal High Income Fund

Western Asset New Jersey Municipals Fund

Western Asset New York Municipals Fund

Western Asset Oregon Municipals Fund

Western Asset Pennsylvania Municipals Fund

Western Asset Short Duration High Income Fund

Western Asset Short Duration Municipal Income Fund

Western Asset Short Term Yield Fund

Western Asset Short-Term Bond Fund

Legg Mason Partners Institutional Trust

Western Asset Institutional Government Reserves

Western Asset Institutional Liquid Reserves

Western Asset Institutional U.S. Treasury Obligations Money Market Fund

Western Asset Institutional U.S. Treasury Reserves

Western Asset Select Tax Free Reserves

Western Asset SMASh Series C Fund

Western Asset SMASh Series EC Fund

Western Asset SMASh Series M Fund

Western Asset SMASh Series TF Fund

Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust

Western Asset Government Reserves

Western Asset New York Tax Free Money Market Fund

Western Asset Prime Obligations Money Market Fund

Western Asset Tax Free Reserves

Western Asset U.S. Treasury Reserves

 

4


Legg Mason Partners Premium Money Market Trust

Western Asset Premium Liquid Reserves

Western Asset Premium U.S. Treasury Reserves

Legg Mason Partners Variable Equity Trust

ClearBridge Variable Aggressive Growth Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Appreciation Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Dividend Strategy Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Large Cap Growth Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Large Cap Value Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Mid Cap Portfolio

ClearBridge Variable Small Cap Growth Portfolio

QS Legg Mason Dynamic Multi-Strategy VIT Portfolio

QS Variable Conservative Growth

QS Variable Growth

QS Variable Moderate Growth

Legg Mason Partners Variable Income Trust

Western Asset Core Plus VIT Portfolio

Western Asset Variable Global High Yield Bond Portfolio

Master Portfolio Trust

Government Portfolio

Liquid Reserves Portfolio

Short Term Yield Portfolio

Tax Free Reserves Portfolio

U.S. Treasury Obligations Portfolio

U.S. Treasury Reserves Portfolio

Western Asset Funds, Inc.

Western Asset Core Bond Fund

Western Asset Core Plus Bond Fund

Western Asset High Yield Fund

Western Asset Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund

Western Asset Intermediate Bond Fund

Western Asset Macro Opportunities Fund

Western Asset Total Return Unconstrained Fund

Open-End Funds (ETFs)
Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

BrandywineGLOBAL - Global Total Return ETF*

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF

ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF

ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF

Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

 

5


Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF

Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF

Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF

Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF*

Western Asset Total Return ETF

Closed-End Funds
ClearBridge MLP and Midstream Fund Inc.
ClearBridge Energy MLP Opportunity Fund Inc.
ClearBridge MLP and Midstream Total Return Fund Inc.
BrandywineGLOBAL-Global Income Opportunities Fund Inc.
Legg Mason Permal Alternatives Fund Inc.
LMP Capital and Income Fund Inc.
Western Asset Corporate Loan Fund Inc.
Western Asset Emerging Markets Debt Fund Inc.
Western Asset Global Corporate Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.
Western Asset Global High Income Fund Inc.
Western Asset High Income Fund II Inc.
Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.
Western Asset High Yield Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.
Western Asset Income Fund
Western Asset Intermediate Muni Fund Inc.
Western Asset Investment Grade Defined Opportunity Trust Inc.
Western Asset Managed Municipals Fund Inc.
Western Asset Middle Market Debt Fund Inc.
Western Asset Middle Market Income Fund Inc.
Western Asset Mortgage Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.
Western Asset Municipal Defined Opportunity Trust Inc.

 

6


Western Asset Municipal High Income Fund Inc.
Western Asset Municipal Partners Fund Inc.
Western Asset Premier Bond Fund
Western Asset Variable Rate Strategic Fund Inc.
Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund
Western Asset Inflation-Linked Income Fund
Cayman Island Funds
Western Asset Government Money Market Fund, Ltd.
Western Asset Institutional Cash Reserves, Ltd.
Western Asset Institutional Liquid Reserves, Ltd.
Western Asset Short Term Yield Fund, Ltd.
Western Asset U.S. Treasury Obligations Money Market Fund, Ltd.
Western Asset U.S. Treasury Reserves, Ltd.
Cayman Island Funds (CFCs)
Alternative Core Fund, Ltd.
Permal Hedge Strategies Fund Ltd.
Real Return Fund, Ltd.
Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund

 

*

Added to Exhibit as of the Effective Date

 

7

Exhibit (h)(16)

Amendment No. 1

To

Transfer Agency and Services Agreement

This Amendment No. 1 To Transfer Agency and Services Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”), dated as of January 2, 2019 (“Effective Date”), is being entered into by and between The Bank of New York Mellon (“BNY Mellon or “Transfer Agent”) and each Legg Mason registered investment company listed on Schedule A to this Amendment No. 1 (each, the “Trust”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Original Agreement (as defined below).

Background

BNY Mellon and the Trust previously entered into the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement made as of January 1, 2018 (“Original Agreement”). The parties wish to amend the Original Agreement as set forth in this Amendment No. 1.

Terms

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

1.     Modifications to Original Agreement.

 

  (a)

The Original Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Schedule A in its entirety and replacing it with the Schedule A attached to this Amendment No. 1.

 

  (b)

Section 15.12(ii) (Notices) of the Original Agreement, as applicable to the Trust, is hereby amended and restated as follows:

“If to the Trust, to:

Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY 10018

Attn:

Telephone:

Facsimile: 203-703-6248”

2.    Adoption of Amended Agreement by the Trust. The Trust acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment No. 1, the Portfolios listed on Schedule A to this Amendment No. 1 shall receive services under the Original Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 1 (“Amended Agreement”) as of the Effective Date, or if BNY Mellon commenced providing services to the Portfolio prior to the Effective Date, as of the date BNY Mellon first provided services to such Portfolio, (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date, and (iii) the duly authorized officer of the Trust identified on the signature page annexed hereto has full power and authority to enter into this Amendment No. 1 on behalf of the Trust and the Portfolios.

3.    Remainder of Original Agreement. Except as specifically modified by this Amendment No. 1, all terms and conditions of the Original Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

1


4.    Governing Law. The governing law of the Original Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment No. 1.

5.    Entire Agreement. This Amendment No. 1 constitutes a complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Original Agreement with respect to such subject matter.

6.    Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts. This Amendment No. 1 may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment No. 1 or of executed signature pages to this Amendment No. 1 by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment No. 1.

[Signature Page Follows]

 

2


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment No. 1 to be executed in their names and on their behalf by and through their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.

 

    EACH LEGG MASON REGISTERED INVESTMENT
COMPANY LISTED ON SCHEDULE A HERETO
 

By:                                                                                  

 

Name: Jane Trust                                                           

 

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer              

 

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON

 

By:                                                                                 

 

Name:                                                                            

 

Title:                                                                              

 

3


SCHEDULE A

(Dated: January 2, 2019)

This Schedule A, amended and restated effective as of January 2, 2019 (“Effective Date”), is Schedule A to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement, made as of January 1, 2018, between The Bank of New York Mellon as Transfer Agent and each Legg Mason registered investment company (each, the “Trust”) listed below (“Original Agreement”), as amended through the Effective Date.

 

List of Trusts/Portfolios

Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust

BrandywineGLOBAL - Global Total Return ETF*

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF

ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF

ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF

Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF

Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF

Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF

Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF*

Western Asset Total Return ETF

 

*

Added to Schedule as of the Effective Date

 

4

Exhibit (h)(17)

Amendment No. 1

To

Fund Accounting Services Agreement

This Amendment No. 1 To Fund Accounting Services Agreement (“Amendment No. 1”), dated as of January 2, 2019 (“Effective Date”), is being entered into by and between The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Fund Accounting Agent”) and each Fund identified on Exhibit A to this Amendment No. 1 on behalf of each of its Portfolios identified on Exhibit A. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the Original Agreement (as defined below).

Background

The Fund Accounting Agent and certain of the Funds on behalf of certain of the Portfolios previously entered into the Fund Accounting Services Agreement made as of January 1, 2018 (“Original Agreement”). The parties wish to amend the Original Agreement as set forth in this Amendment No. 1.

Terms

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree to all statements made above and as follows:

1.    Modifications to Original Agreement. The Original Agreement is hereby amended by deleting Exhibit A in its entirety and replacing it with the Exhibit A attached to this Amendment No. 1.

2.    Adoption of Amended Agreement by New Funds and New Portfolios. Each Fund and each Portfolio of a Fund that has been added to Exhibit A by virtue of this Amendment No. 1 acknowledges and agrees that (i) by virtue of its execution of this Amendment No. 1 it becomes and is a party to the Original Agreement as amended by this Amendment No. 1 (“Amended Agreement”) as of the Effective Date, or if the Fund Accounting Agent commenced providing services to the Fund or Portfolio, respectively, prior to the Effective Date, as of the date the Fund Accounting Agent first provided services to such Fund or Portfolio, respectively, (ii) it is bound by all terms and conditions of the Amended Agreement as of such date, and (iii) the duly authorized officer of the Fund or Portfolio identified on the signature page annexed hereto has full power and authority to enter into this Amendment No. 1 on behalf of such Fund or Portfolio.

3.    Remainder of Original Agreement. Except as specifically modified by this Amendment No. 1, all terms and conditions of the Original Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

4.    Governing Law. The governing law of the Original Agreement shall be the governing law of this Amendment No. 1.

5.    Entire Agreement. This Amendment No. 1 constitutes a complete, exclusive and fully integrated record of the agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter herein and the amendment of the Original Agreement with respect to such subject matter.

6.    Facsimile Signatures; Counterparts. This Amendment No. 1 may be executed in one more counterparts; such execution of counterparts may occur by manual signature, facsimile signature, manual signature transmitted by means of facsimile transmission or manual signature contained in an imaged document attached to an email transmission; and each such counterpart executed in accordance with the foregoing shall be deemed an original, with all such counterparts together constituting one and the same instrument. The exchange of executed copies of this Amendment No. 1 or of executed signature pages to this Amendment No. 1 by facsimile transmission or as an imaged document attached to an email transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery hereof and may be used for all purposes in lieu of a manually executed copy of this Amendment No. 1.

 

1


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment No. 1 to be executed by their duly authorized officers, as of the Effective Date.

 

    EACH FUND ON BEHALF OF EACH OF ITS
PORTFOLIOS IDENTIFIED ON EXHIBIT A
ANNEXED HERETO
 

By:                                                                                  

 

Name: Jane Trust                                                           

 

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer              

  THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
 

By:                                                                                 

 

Name:                                                                            

 

Title:                                                                              

 

2


EXHIBIT A1

(Dated: January 2, 2019)

This Exhibit A, amended and restated effective as of January 2, 2019, is Exhibit A to the Original Agreement, as amended through the Effective Date.

 

Funds/Portfolios

  

Custodian

  

Manager/

Investment Advisor

Open-End Funds

     
Legg Mason Global Asset Management Trust      

BrandywineGLOBAL – Alternative Credit Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Diversified US Large Cap Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Dynamic US Large Cap Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Flexible Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global High Yield Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Opportunities Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Unconstrained Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

BrandywineGLOBAL – International Opportunities Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

ClearBridge International Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Small Cap Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Value Trust

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

Martin Currie Emerging Markets Fund

  

BNYM

  

Martin Currie

Martin Currie International Unconstrained Equity Fund

  

BNYM

  

Martin Currie

Martin Currie SMASh Series EM Fund

  

BNYM

  

Martin Currie

QS Global Market Neutral Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS International Equity Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Strategic Real Return Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS U.S. Small Capitalization Equity Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

RARE Global Infrastructure Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

RARE

Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust      

ClearBridge Aggressive Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge All Cap Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Appreciation Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Dividend Strategy Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Energy MLP & Infrastructure Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge International Small Cap Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge International Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Large Cap Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Large Cap Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Mid Cap Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Mid Cap Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Select Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Small Cap Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

 

 

1

Note that open-end Funds, closed-end Funds and Cayman Islands Funds should be identified as such in Exhibit A.

 

3


ClearBridge Small Cap Value Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Sustainability Leaders Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Tactical Dividend Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

EnTrustPermal Alternative Core Fund

  

BNYM

  

EntrustPermal

QS Conservative Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Defensive Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Global Dividend Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Global Equity Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS Moderate Growth Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS S&P 500 Index Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

QS SMASh Series ID Fund*

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Partners Income Trust      

Western Asset Adjustable Rate Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset California Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Corporate Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Emerging Markets Debt Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Global High Yield Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Intermediate Maturity California Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Intermediate Maturity New York Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Intermediate-Term Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Managed Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Massachusetts Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Mortgage Backed Securities Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Municipal High Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset New Jersey Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset New York Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Oregon Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Pennsylvania Municipals Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Short Duration High Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Short Duration Municipal Income Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Short Term Yield Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Short-Term Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Legg Mason Partners Institutional Trust      

Western Asset Institutional Government Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Institutional Liquid Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Institutional U.S. Treasury Obligations Money Market Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Institutional U.S. Treasury Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Select Tax Free Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset SMASh Series C Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset SMASh Series EC Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset SMASh Series M Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset SMASh Series TF Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust      

Western Asset Government Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

 

4


Western Asset New York Tax Free Money Market Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Prime Obligations Money Market Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Tax Free Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset U.S. Treasury Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Legg Mason Partners Premium Money Market Trust      

Western Asset Premium Liquid Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Premium U.S. Treasury Reserves

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Legg Mason Partners Variable Equity Trust      

ClearBridge Variable Aggressive Growth Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Appreciation Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Dividend Strategy Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Large Cap Growth Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Large Cap Value Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Mid Cap Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

ClearBridge Variable Small Cap Growth Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

QS Legg Mason Dynamic Multi-Strategy VIT Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

QS Variable Conservative Growth

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

QS Variable Growth

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

QS Variable Moderate Growth

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Legg Mason Partners Variable Income Trust      

Western Asset Core Plus VIT Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Variable Global High Yield Bond Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Master Portfolio Trust      

Government Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Liquid Reserves Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Short Term Yield Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Tax Free Reserves Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

U.S. Treasury Obligations Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

U.S. Treasury Reserves Portfolio

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Funds, Inc.      

Western Asset Core Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Core Plus Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset High Yield Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Inflation Indexed Plus Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Intermediate Bond Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Macro Opportunities Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Total Return Unconstrained Fund

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Open-End Funds (ETFs)

     
Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust      

BrandywineGLOBAL – Global Total Return ETF*

  

BNYM

  

Brandywine

ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Dividend Strategy ESG ETF

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Large Cap Growth ESG ETF

  

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

 

5


Legg Mason Developed ex-US Diversified Core ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Diversified Core ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Emerging Markets Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Global Infrastructure ETF

  

BNYM

  

RARE

Legg Mason International Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Low Volatility High Dividend ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Legg Mason Small-Cap Quality Value ETF

  

BNYM

  

Royce & Associates

Legg Mason US Diversified Core ETF

  

BNYM

  

QS Investors

Western Asset Short Duration Income ETF*

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Total Return ETF

  

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Closed-End Funds

     
ClearBridge MLP and Midstream Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge Energy MLP Opportunity Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

ClearBridge MLP and Midstream Total Return Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

BrandywineGLOBAL-Global Income Opportunities Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Brandywine

Legg Mason Permal Alternatives Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

EntrustPermal

LMP Capital and Income Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

ClearBridge

Western Asset Corporate Loan Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Emerging Markets Debt Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Global Corporate Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Global High Income Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset High Income Fund II Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset High Income Opportunity Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset High Yield Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Income Fund   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Intermediate Muni Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Investment Grade Defined Opportunity Trust Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Managed Municipals Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Middle Market Debt Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

 

6


Western Asset Middle Market Income Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Mortgage Defined Opportunity Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Municipal Defined Opportunity Trust Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Municipal High Income Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Municipal Partners Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Premier Bond Fund   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Variable Rate Strategic Fund Inc.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Inflation-Linked Income Fund   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Cayman Island Funds

     
Western Asset Government Money Market Fund, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Institutional Cash Reserves, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Institutional Liquid Reserves, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset Short Term Yield Fund, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset U.S. Treasury Obligations Money Market Fund, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Western Asset U.S. Treasury Reserves, Ltd.   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

Cayman Island Funds (CFCs)

     
Alternative Core Fund, Ltd.      
Permal Hedge Strategies Fund Ltd.      
Real Return Fund, Ltd.      
Western Asset Inflation-Linked Opportunities & Income Fund   

BNYM

  

Western Asset

 

*

Added to Exhibit as of the Effective Date

 

7

Exhibit (j)

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Legg Mason ETF Investment Trust of our report dated November 20, 2018, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in ClearBridge All Cap Growth ETF’s Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended September 30, 2018. We also consent to the references to us under the headings “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm”, “Financial Statements” and “Financial highlights” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Baltimore, Maryland

January 23, 2019



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