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Form 485APOS RBB FUND, INC.

September 27, 2021 5:32 PM EDT

Filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2021

 

1933 Act Registration File No. 033-20827

1940 Act Registration File No. 811-05518

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [ X ]
Pre-Effective Amendment No.     [   ]
Post-Effective Amendment No. 282   [ X ]

 

and/or

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 [ X ]
Amendment No. 287   [ X ]
           

 

(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (609) 731-6256

Copies to:

 

SALVATORE FAIA   MICHAEL P. MALLOY, ESQUIRE
The RBB Fund, Inc.   Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
615 East Michigan Street   One Logan Square, Suite 2000
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202-5207   Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the Registration Statement becomes effective.

 

[   ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
[   ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
[   ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[   ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
[ X ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
[   ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

[   ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

 

 

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion

Dated September 27, 2021

 

PROSPECTUS

dated [ ], 2021

 

MFAM Global Opportunities ETF

(Cboe BZX: [ ])

 

MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF

(CBOE BZX: [ ])

 

 

 

Each a series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

2000 Duke Street

Suite 275

Alexandria, VA 22314

The SEC has not approved or disapproved each Fund’s shares or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The SEC has not approved or disapproved each Fund’s shares or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

MFAM Global Opportunities ETF 1
Summary Section 2
MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF 9
Summary Section 10
Additional Information about the Funds 17
Management of the Funds 28
How to Buy and Sell Shares 30
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes 31
Distribution 34
Additional Considerations 34
Financial Highlights 37

 

No securities dealer, sales representative, or any other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations, other than those contained in this prospectus or in approved sales literature in connection with the offer contained herein, and if given or made, such other information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the MFAM Global Opportunities ETF or the MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF (each a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”) or The RBB Fund, Inc. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer.

 

 

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

MFAM Global Opportunities ETF

 

 

MFAM GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES ETF

 

SUMMARY SECTION

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the MFAM Global Opportunities ETF (“Global Opportunities Fund”) is to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Global Opportunities Fund (“Shares”). This table and the Example below do not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund Shares.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Management Fees   0.85%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees   0.00%
Other Expenses   0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses   0.85%

 

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Global Opportunities Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Global Opportunities Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that: (1) your investment has a 5% return each year, and (2) the Global Opportunities Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$87 $271 $471 $1,049

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Global Opportunities Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Global Opportunities Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Global Opportunities Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the Predecessor Fund’s (defined below) portfolio turnover rate was [ ]% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

The Global Opportunities Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”), and pursues its investment objective by using a quality growth investing style. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in a focused portfolio of the common stocks of high-quality U.S. companies and the common stocks and depositary receipts of high-quality companies that are organized under the laws of other countries around the world.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, in at least three different countries, and will invest at least 40% of its assets outside of the United States, or, if the conditions are not favorable, will invest at least 30% of its assets outside the United States. The Global Opportunities Fund seeks to stay fully invested and does not attempt to time the market. Although the Global Opportunities Fund does not have market capitalization constraints for its investments, it is expected that investments in the securities of U.S. companies having smaller and middle market capitalizations and the securities in foreign companies, including companies organized under the laws of emerging market countries, will be important components of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment program. As a result, the Global Opportunities Fund has the freedom to go anywhere to make investments for its shareholders.

 

 

In identifying investments for the Global Opportunities Fund, Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) looks for securities of companies that have high-quality businesses with strong market positions, manageable leverage, robust streams of free cash flow, and trade at attractive prices. In managing the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment portfolio, the Adviser regularly reviews and adjusts the Global Opportunities Fund’s allocations to particular markets and sectors to maintain a diversified mix of investments that the Adviser believes offer the best overall potential for long-term growth of capital. The Global Opportunities Fund will sell securities in which it has invested based upon the Adviser’s analysis of fundamental investment criteria, including its assessment of the current value of a security relative to the security’s current market price, business fundamentals relating to the issuer, and developments affecting the issuer’s business prospects and risks.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund prefers to invest in high-quality businesses when possible. To identify these high quality businesses, the Adviser engages in research to evaluate each company under consideration using four criteria: management, culture, and incentives; the economics of the business; competitive advantage; and trajectory. The Adviser’s approach employs a long-term mindset and a balance of qualitative and quantitative factors.

 

Management, Culture, and Incentives.

The Adviser believes that management is a key element to long-term success at most businesses. Among the factors the Adviser considers are: manager and board of director fit, the clarity of vision and strategies, main-line culture and turnover, ownership in the business, the sensibility of incentives, capital allocation choices and results, external transparency and candor, and overall treatment of stakeholders.

 

Economics of the Business.

The Adviser believes that the economic performance of a business is a signal for quality. The Adviser’s process looks at the company’s long-term return on capital, the scalability of its business model, relative and absolute margins, business and product cyclicality, and other key performance indicators to gain insight into its potential for future performance.

 

Competitive Advantage.

The Adviser seeks companies that offer certain characteristics that allow them to generate and sustain outsized returns on capital on an absolute basis as well as in comparison to their peers. Competitive advantages may include pricing power, geographic barriers to entry, network effects, regulatory barriers to entry, and superior brands, among others. The Adviser also assesses the strength of the supporting capabilities each company possesses that reinforce these advantages to result in unique positioning.

 

Trajectory.

Companies often display superior economics over the short term due to favorable product cycles, customer preference, temporary or tactical advantages or other reasons. As the Adviser’s desire is to own companies in the Global Opportunities Fund that can be kept in the portfolio for many years, a core part of the Adviser’s process is to consider what the company might look like over a period of ten or more years. The Adviser considers whether the company seems likely to grow, to increase profitability through additional products or other offerings, and if it has optionality and the financial capacity that may make it a larger, stronger business in the future than it might be today.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund’s investment portfolio is focused, generally composed of at least 30 investment positions, with the 10 largest positions representing not more than 60% of the Global Opportunities Fund’s net assets. To limit the risks associated with highly concentrated holdings, the Global Opportunities Fund does not invest more than 5% of its net assets in any one class of the securities of any one issuer at the time of purchase. If a portfolio holding grows to be greater than 5% of the Global Opportunities Fund’s net assets the Adviser may not add additional capital to the position. However, the Adviser may maintain an allocation above 5% indefinitely, provided it continues to meet the Adviser’s investment criteria.

 

While investing in a particular sector is not a principal investment strategy of the Global Opportunities Fund, its portfolio may be significantly invested in a sector as a result of the portfolio management decisions made pursuant to its principal investment strategy. Currently, the Global Opportunities Fund is significantly invested in the industrials sector, communication services sector, consumer discretionary sector, and information technology sector, which means it will be more affected by the performance of such sectors than a fund that is not so significantly invested. The Global Opportunities Fund may also seek to increase its income by lending securities.

 

 

The Global Opportunities Fund has elected to be, and intends to continue to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

Principal Investment Risks

The value of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investments may decrease, which will cause the value of the Global Opportunities Fund’s Shares to decrease. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Global Opportunities Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Global Opportunities Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Global Opportunities Fund's principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Global Opportunities Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. Different risks may be more significant at different times depending on market conditions or other factors.

 

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are institutional investors and may act as authorized participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Global Opportunities Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

Company and Market Risk. The common stock of a company may not perform as well as expected, and may decrease in value, because of factors related to the company (such as poorer-than-expected earnings or management decisions, changes in the industry in which the company is engaged, or a reduction in the demand for a company’s products or services). General market and economic factors may adversely affect securities markets generally, which could adversely affect the value of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investments in common stocks. In addition, the rights of holders of common stock are subordinate to the rights of preferred shares and debt holders.

 

Currency Risk. Currency risk results from changes in the rate of exchange between the currency of the country in which a foreign company is domiciled or keeps its books and the U.S. dollar. Whenever the Global Opportunities Fund holds securities valued in a foreign currency or hold the currency itself in connection with its purchases and sales of foreign securities, changes in the exchange rate add to or subtract from the value of the investment in U.S. dollars. The Global Opportunities Fund generally does not seek to hedge currency risk, and although the Adviser considers currency risks as part of its investment process, its judgments in this regard may not always be correct.

 

Cyber Security Risk. Cyber security risk is the risk of an unauthorized breach and access to the Global Opportunities Fund’s assets, Fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or the risk of an incident occurring that causes the Global Opportunities Fund, the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and financial intermediaries to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality or prevent the Global Opportunities Fund’s investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Global Opportunities Fund and the Adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Global Opportunities Fund or the Adviser. Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Global Opportunities Fund or its service providers may adversely impact and cause financial losses to the Global Opportunities Fund or its shareholders. Issuers of securities in which the Global Opportunities Fund invests are also subject to cyber security risks, and the value of these securities could decline if the issuers experience cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures.

 

Depositary Receipts Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase depositary receipts (American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary receipts (“GDRs”), and Non-Voting Depositary Receipts (“NVDRs”)) to facilitate its investments in foreign securities. By investing in ADRs rather than investing directly in the securities of foreign issuers, the Global Opportunities Fund can avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchase and sales. However, ADRs do not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

 

 

Emerging Market Countries Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves risks in addition to and greater than those generally associated with investing in more developed foreign markets. In many less developed markets, there is less governmental supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than there is in more developed markets. The securities markets of certain countries in which the Global Opportunities Fund may invest may also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those of more developed markets. The Global Opportunities Fund seeks to invest no more than 50% of its net assets in emerging market countries.

 

Foreign Investments Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in the securities of foreign companies. Investing in securities of foreign companies involves risks generally not associated with investments in the securities of U.S. companies, including the risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unreliable and untimely information about issuers, and political and economic instability.

 

Investment Style Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund pursues a quality growth style of investing. Quality growth investing focuses on companies that appear attractively priced in light of factors such as the quality of management, sustainability of competitive advantage, or growth potential of cash flow. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s quality or intrinsic value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations or market conditions is inaccurate, the Global Opportunities Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, the stocks of quality companies can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time. As a consequence of our investing style we expect the Global Opportunities Fund will underperform the market and its peers over short timeframes.

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the Exchange, and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

 

Sector Risk. To the extent the Global Opportunities Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

 

Communication Services Sector Risk. Companies in the communications sector may be affected by industry competition, substantial capital requirements, government regulation, cyclicality of revenues and earnings, obsolescence of communications products and services due to technological advancement, a potential decrease in the discretionary income of targeted individuals and changing consumer tastes and interests.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of the overall domestic and global economy, interest rates, competition, and consumer confidence. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Also, companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be subject to severe competition, which may have an adverse impact on their respective profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes can also affect the demand for, and success of, consumer products and services in the marketplace.

 

Industrials Sector Risk. Companies in the industrials sector could be affected by, among other things, government regulation, world events and economic conditions, insurance costs, and labor relations issues.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. In addition to market or economic factors, companies in the information technology sector and companies that rely heavily on technology are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may lend portfolio securities to institutions, such as certain broker-dealers. The Global Opportunities Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the borrowing institution breaches its agreement with the Fund.

 

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Global Opportunities Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount). This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines.

 

 

Small and Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in securities of companies of all sizes, including those that have relatively small market capitalizations. Investments in securities of these companies involve greater risks than do investments in larger, more established companies. The prices of securities of small-cap companies tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments specific to the company or its industry, or the securities markets generally, than are securities of larger capitalization companies.

 

Performance Information: The bar chart and performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in the Global Opportunities Fund. The Global Opportunities Fund is adopting the performance of the MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”) as the result of a reorganization of the Predecessor Fund into the Global Opportunities Fund (the “Reorganization”). Prior to the Reorganization, the Global Opportunities Fund had not yet commenced operations. The Global Opportunities Fund’s total net operating expense ratio is lower than the net operating expense ratio of the Predecessor Fund. Returns in the bar chart and table for the Predecessor Fund have not been adjusted.

 

The Predecessor Fund, a series of The RBB Fund, Inc. that operated as a publicly sold open-end mutual fund, commenced operations on December 21, 2016 by acquiring the assets and liabilities of the Motley Fool Independence Fund, a series of The Motley Fool Funds Trust (the “MFFT Global Predecessor Fund”), in exchange for shares of the Predecessor Fund. Accordingly, the performance information shown below for periods prior to December 21, 2016 is that of the MFFT Global Predecessor Fund, which was also a publicly-sold open-end mutual fund. The MFFT Global Predecessor Fund was also advised by the Adviser and had the same investment objective and strategies as the Global Opportunities Fund and Predecessor Fund.

 

The bar chart shows the changes in performance of the Predecessor Fund from year to year. The table illustrates how the Predecessor Fund's average annual total returns for the one-year, five-year and ten-year periods compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, both before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how the Global Opportunities Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

Best Quarter: 28.73% in the quarter ended June 30, 2020

Worst Quarter: -17.17% in the quarter ended March 31, 2020

 

The Predecessor Fund’s year-to-date total return for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was [ ]%.

 

PERFORMANCE TABLE

(Average annual total returns for the periods ended December 31, 2020)

  1 Year 5 Years Since Inception of Institutional Shares (June 17, 2014)
Return Before Taxes 36.02% 18.22% 13.66%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 34.02% 16.33% 12.17%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 22.74% 14.30% 10.71%
FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 16.71% 12.60% 8.97%

 

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Management

Investment Adviser

Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC serves as the investment adviser.

 

Portfolio Managers

Team Member Primary Titles Start Date with the Fund Start Date with Predecessor Fund or MFFT Global Predecessor Fund
Bryan C. Hinmon, CFA Chief Investment Officer, Senior Portfolio Manager 2021 2014
Anthony L. Arsta Lead Portfolio Manager 2021 2009
William S. Barker, CFA Portfolio Manager 2021 2009
Nathan G. Weisshaar, CFA Portfolio Manager 2021 2014
Michael J. Olsen, CFA Portfolio Manager 2021 2020

 

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and investors can only buy and sell Shares through brokers or dealers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (the "bid-ask spread"). The median bid-ask spread for the Global Opportunities Fund’s most recent fiscal year cannot be provided because the Global Opportunities Fund did not have a sufficient trading history to report trading information and related costs. Recent information, including information on the Global Opportunities Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available on the Portfolio’s website at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. Creation Units generally consist of 25,000 Shares, though this may change from time to time. The Global Opportunities Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities closely approximating the holdings of the Global Opportunities Fund (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

 

Tax Information

Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

 

 

Financial Intermediary Compensation

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment adviser, or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Global Opportunities Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Global Opportunities Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Global Opportunities Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Global Opportunities Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

MFAM MID-CAP GROWTH ETF

 

 

MFAM MID-CAP GROWTH ETF

 

SUMMARY SECTION

 

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF (the “Mid-Cap Growth Fund”) is to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund (“Shares”). This table and the Example below do not include the brokerage commissions that investors may pay on their purchases and sales of Fund Shares.

 

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment):
Management Fees   0.85%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees   0.00%
Other Expenses   0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses   0.85%

 

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that: (1) your investment has a 5% return each year, and (2) the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
$87 $271 $471 $1,049

 

Portfolio Turnover

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Mid-Cap Growth Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the Predecessor Fund’s (defined below) portfolio turnover rate was [ ]% of the average value of its portfolio.

 

Principal Investment Strategies

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) and pursues its investment objective by using a quality growth investing style. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests in a focused portfolio of the common stocks of high-quality companies organized in the United States that are engaged in a broad range of industries.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities issued by United States companies having mid-market capitalizations. For this purpose, Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser”) currently defines mid-market capitalization companies as having similar market capitalizations to the companies in the Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index, which is used for the purpose of determining range and not for targeting portfolio management. Under normal circumstances, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund seeks to stay fully invested and does not attempt to time the market.

 

In identifying investments for the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, the Adviser looks for securities of companies that have high quality businesses with strong market positions, manageable leverage, robust streams of free cash flow, and trade at attractive prices. In managing the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment portfolio, the Adviser regularly reviews and adjusts the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s allocations to maintain a diversified mix of investments that the Adviser believes offer the best overall potential for long-term growth of capital. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund will sell securities in which it has invested based upon the Adviser’s analysis of fundamental investment criteria, including its assessment of the current value of a security relative to the security’s current market price, business fundamentals relating to the issuer, and developments affecting the issuer’s business prospects and risks.

 

10 

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund prefers to invest in high-quality businesses when possible. To identify these high-quality businesses, the Adviser engages in research to evaluate each company under consideration using four criteria: management, culture, and incentives; the economics of the business; competitive advantage; and trajectory. The Adviser’s approach employs a long-term mindset and a balance of qualitative and quantitative factors.

 

Management, Culture, and Incentives.

The Adviser believes that management is a key element to long-term success at most businesses. Among the factors the Adviser considers are: manager and board of director fit, the clarity of vision and strategies, main-line culture and turnover, ownership in the business, the sensibility of incentives, capital allocation choices and results, external transparency and candor, and overall treatment of stakeholders.

 

Economics of the Business.

The Adviser believes that the economic performance of a business is a signal for quality. The Adviser’s process looks at the company’s long-term return on capital, the scalability of its business model, relative and absolute margins, business and product cyclicality, and other key performance indicators to gain insight into its potential for future performance.

 

Competitive Advantage.

The Adviser seeks companies that offer certain characteristics that allow them to generate and sustain outsized returns on capital on an absolute basis as well as in comparison to their peers. Competitive advantages may include pricing power, geographic barriers to entry, network effects, regulatory barriers to entry and superior brands, among others. The Adviser also assesses the strength of the supporting capabilities each company possesses that reinforce these advantages to result in unique positioning.

 

Trajectory

Companies often display superior economics over the short term due to favorable product cycles, customer preference, temporary or tactical advantages or other reasons. As the Adviser’s desire is to own companies in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund that can be kept in the portfolio for many years, a core part of the Adviser’s process is to consider what the company might look like over a period of ten or more years. The Adviser considers whether the company seems likely to grow, to increase profitability through additional products or other offerings, and if it has optionality and the financial capacity that may make it a larger, stronger business in the future than it might be today.

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment portfolio is focused, generally composed of at least 30 investment positions, with the 10 largest positions representing not more than 60% of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s net assets. To limit the risks associated with highly concentrated holdings, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund generally does not invest more than 5% of its net assets in securities of any one issuer at the time of purchase. If a portfolio holding grows to be greater than 5% of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s net assets the Adviser may not add additional capital to the position. However, the Adviser may maintain an allocation above 5% indefinitely, provided it continues to meet the Adviser’s investment criteria.

 

While investing in a particular sector is not a principal investment strategy of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, its portfolio may be significantly invested in a sector as a result of the portfolio management decisions made pursuant to its principal investment strategy. Currently, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund is significantly invested in the industrials sector, consumer discretionary sector, health care sector, and information technology sector, which means it will be more affected by the performance of such sectors than a fund that is not so significantly invested. The Fund may also seek to increase its income by lending portfolio securities.

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund has elected to be, and intends to continue to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

 

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Principal Investment Risks

The value of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investments may decrease, which will cause the value of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s Shares to decrease. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Mid-Cap Growth Fund will achieve its investment objective. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a “principal risk” of investing in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. The following are the principal risks that could affect the value of your investment:

 

Authorized Participants, Market Makers and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are institutional investors and may act as authorized participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Mid-Cap Growth Fund Shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value (“NAV”) and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

Company and Market Risk. The common stock of a company may not perform as well as expected, and may decrease in value, because of factors related to the company (such as poorer-than-expected earnings or management decisions, changes in the industry in which the company is engaged, or a reduction in the demand for a company’s products or services). General market and economic factors may adversely affect securities markets generally, which could adversely affect the value of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investments in common stocks. In addition, the rights of holders of common stock are subordinate to the rights of preferred shares and debt holders.

 

Cyber Security Risk. Cyber security risk is the risk of an unauthorized breach and access to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s assets, Fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or the risk of an incident occurring that causes the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and financial intermediaries to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality or prevent the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund and the Adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund or the Adviser. Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Mid-Cap Growth Fund or its service providers may adversely impact and cause financial losses to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund or its shareholders. Issuers of securities in which the Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests are also subject to cyber security risks, and the value of these securities could decline if the issuers experience cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures.

 

Investment Style Risk. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund pursues a quality growth style of investing. Quality growth investing focuses on companies that appear attractively priced in light of factors such as the quality of management, sustainability of competitive advantage, or growth potential of cash flow. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s quality or intrinsic value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations or market conditions is inaccurate, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, the stocks of quality companies can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time. As a consequence of our investing style we expect the Mid-Cap Growth Fund will underperform the market and its peers over short time frames.

 

Mid-Capitalization Companies Risk. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests in securities of mid-capitalization companies. Investments in securities of these companies may involve greater risks than do investments in larger, more established companies. The prices of securities of mid-cap companies tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments specific to a company or its industry, or the securities markets generally, than are securities of larger capitalization companies.

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the Exchange, and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active or liquid trading market for them will develop or be maintained. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted.

 

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Sector Risk. To the extent the Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The success of consumer product manufacturers and retailers is tied closely to the performance of the overall domestic and global economy, interest rates, competition, and consumer confidence. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Also, companies in the consumer discretionary sector may be subject to severe competition, which may have an adverse impact on their respective profitability. Changes in demographics and consumer tastes can also affect the demand for, and success of, consumer products and services in the marketplace.

 

Health Care Sector Risk. Companies in the health care sector are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by regulatory changes. Other risk factors include rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure and limited product lines, loss or impairment of intellectual property rights and litigation regarding product or service liability.

 

Industrials Sector Risk. Companies in the industrials sector could be affected by, among other things, government regulation, world events and economic conditions, insurance costs, and labor relations issues.

 

Information Technology Sector Risk. In addition to market or economic factors, companies in the information technology sector and companies that rely heavily on technology are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund may lend portfolio securities to institutions, such as certain broker-dealers. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the borrowing institution breaches its agreement with the Fund.

 

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount). This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines.

 

Performance Information: The bar chart and performance table below illustrate the risks and volatility of an investment in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund is adopting the performance of the MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (the “Predecessor Fund”) as the result of a reorganization of the Predecessor Fund into the Mid-Cap Growth Fund (the “Reorganization”). Prior to the Reorganization, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund had not yet commenced operations. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s total net operating expense ratio is lower than the net operating expense ratio of the Predecessor Fund. Returns in the bar chart and table for the Predecessor Fund have not been adjusted.

 

The Predecessor Fund, a series of The RBB Fund, Inc. that operated as a publicly sold open-end mutual fund, commenced operations on December 21, 2016 by acquiring the assets and liabilities of the Motley Fool Great America Fund, a series of The Motley Fool Funds Trust (the “MFFT GA Predecessor Fund”), in exchange for shares of the Predecessor Fund. Accordingly, the performance information shown below for periods prior to December 21, 2016 is that of the MFFT GA Predecessor Fund, which was also a publicly-sold open-end mutual fund. The MFFT GA Predecessor Fund was also advised by the Adviser and had the same investment objective and strategies as the Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Predecessor Fund.

 

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The bar chart shows the changes in performance of the Predecessor Fund from year to year. The table illustrates how the Predecessor Fund's average annual total returns for the one-year, five-year and ten-year periods compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, both before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how the Mid-Cap Growth Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available online at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

Best Quarter: 30.42% in the quarter ended June 30, 2020

Worst Quarter: -19.99% in the quarter ended December 31, 2018

 

The Predecessor Fund’s year-to-date total return for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was [ ]%.

 

PERFORMANCE TABLE

(Average annual total returns for the periods ended December 31, 2020)

 

  1 Year 5 Years Since Inception of Institutional Shares (June 17, 2014)
Return Before Taxes 32.68% 16.42% 13.01%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 29.40% 14.95% 11.90%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 21.58% 13.03% 10.39%
Russell Midcap Growth Total Return Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) 35.59% 18.66% 15.03%

 

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

 

Management

Investment Adviser

Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC serves as the investment adviser.

 

Portfolio Managers

 

Team Member Primary Titles Start Date with the Fund Start Date with Predecessor Fund or MFFT Global Predecessor Fund
William S. Barker, CFA Lead Portfolio Manager 2021 2010
Bryan C. Hinmon, CFA Chief Investment Officer, Senior and Lead Portfolio Manager 2021 2014
Anthony L. Arsta Portfolio Manager 2021 2010
Nathan G. Weisshaar, CFA Portfolio Manager 2021 2014

 

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Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and investors can only buy and sell Shares through brokers or dealers at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (the "bid-ask spread"). The median bid-ask spread for the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s most recent fiscal year cannot be provided because the Mid-Cap Growth Fund did not have a sufficient trading history to report trading information and related costs. Recent information, including information on the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available on the Fund’s website at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as “Creation Units,” which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. Creation Units generally consist of 25,000 Shares, though this may change from time to time. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities closely approximating the holdings of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund (the “Deposit Securities”) and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

 

Tax Information

Fund distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account (“IRA”) or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

 

Financial Intermediary Compensation

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an “Intermediary”), the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment adviser, or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Mid-Cap Growth Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Mid-Cap Growth Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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PROSPECTUS

 

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS

 

Investment Objective – Global Opportunities Fund and Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Each of the Global Opportunities Fund and Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s (each a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”) investment objective is to achieve long-term capital appreciation. Each Fund’s investment objective is a fundamental investment policy and may not be changed without shareholder approval.

 

Additional Investment Strategies – Global Opportunities Fund

The Global Opportunities Fund pursues its investment objective by investing in a focused portfolio of the common stocks of high-quality U.S. companies and of high-quality companies that are organized in other countries around the world. It employs a quality growth based investment strategy and seeks long-term performance by acquiring securities of high quality companies at prices that the Adviser believes to be attractive.

 

The portion of the Global Opportunities Fund’s assets allocated to investments in the United States and other countries will vary based on the Adviser’s judgment of the relative attractiveness of available investment opportunities in different markets. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in issuers of all capitalization sizes, engaged in a broad range of industries. However, it is expected that investments in the securities of U.S. small-cap companies and foreign companies will be important components of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment program. The Global Opportunities Fund currently considers small-cap companies to be companies with market capitalizations of less than $3 billion. In managing the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment portfolio, the Adviser regularly reviews and adjusts the Global Opportunities Fund’s allocations to particular markets and sectors to maintain a diversified mix of investments that the Adviser believes offer the best overall potential for long-term growth of capital. While investing in a particular sector is not a principal investment strategy of the Global Opportunities Fund, its portfolio may be significantly invested in a sector as a result of the portfolio management decisions made pursuant to its principal investment strategy. The Global Opportunities Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, in at least three different countries, and will invest at least 40% of its assets outside of the United States, or, if the conditions are not favorable, will invest at least 30% of its assets outside the United States.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund seeks long-term investment returns that exceed the return of the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index. This index is a market-capitalization weighted index representing the performance of large, mid and small cap companies in Developed and Emerging markets. As of July 30, 2021, the Index is compiled from the composite of country indices comprised of equity securities traded in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the Unites Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. The performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index reflects reinvestment of all distributions and changes in market prices. The FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index and its constituent country indices are rebalanced on a semi-annual basis.

 

The FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index is widely recognized by investors in international markets as a benchmark for portfolios of Global securities. However, the Global Opportunities Fund may invest in countries that are not included within the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index (such as emerging market countries), and its investment portfolio is not weighted in terms of countries or issuers in correlation with the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index. For this reason, the

Global Opportunities Fund’s investment performance should not be expected to track, and may exceed or trail, the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index. In addition, the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Net Tax Index may not correlate with the performance of U.S. markets. Under normal market circumstances, the Global Opportunities Fund seeks to stay fully invested, primarily in common stocks, and does not attempt to time the market.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund’s investment portfolio is focused, generally composed of at least 30 investment positions, with the 10 largest positions representing not more than 60% of the Global Opportunities Fund’s net assets. Although investments in small-cap companies and foreign companies are a focus of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investment program, there are no pre-set targets for investing in companies of any particular capitalization size or in any particular country, region, or industry The Global Opportunities Fund’s investments in companies of various sizes and in particular industries, market segments, and instruments will vary over time based on the Adviser’s assessment of their overall potential to produce long-term capital appreciation. To limit the risks associated with highly concentrated holdings, the Global Opportunities Fund does not invest more than 5% of its net assets in any one class of securities of any one issuer at the time of purchase. The Global Opportunities Fund will sell securities in which it has invested based upon the Adviser’s analysis of fundamental investment criteria, including its assessment of the current value of a security relative to the security’s current market price, business fundamentals relating to the issuer, and developments affecting the issuer’s business prospects and risks.

 

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The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in common stocks of foreign companies either directly or by purchasing American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), and Non-Voting Depositary Receipts (“NVDRs”). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated instruments that trade on U.S. exchanges or in the over-the-counter market and are issued by domestic banks. These instruments represent indirect ownership interests in securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a correspondent bank. EDRs represent interests in securities of foreign issuers that access the Euromarkets. GDRs are receipts representing interests in securities of foreign issuers that trade in two or more capital markets. NVDRs also represent financial interests in an issuer but the holder is not entitled to any voting rights.

 

Additional Investment Strategies – Mid-Cap Growth Fund

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund pursues its investment objective by investing in a focused portfolio of the common stocks of high-quality companies organized in the United States that are engaged in a broad range of industries. It employs a quality growth investment strategy and seeks long-term performance by acquiring securities of high-quality companies at prices that the Adviser believes to be attractive.

 

Under normal market conditions, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities issued by United States companies having mid-market capitalizations. For this purpose, the Adviser currently defines mid-market capitalization companies as having similar market capitalizations to the companies in the Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index, which is used for the purpose of determining range and not for target portfolio management.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund seeks to stay fully invested and does not attempt to time the market. In managing the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment portfolio, the Adviser regularly reviews and adjusts the

Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s allocations to maintain a diversified mix of investments that the Adviser believes offer the best overall potential for long-term growth of capital. While investing in a particular sector is not a principal investment strategy of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund, its portfolio may be significantly invested in a sector as a result of the portfolio management decisions made pursuant to its principal investment strategy. There are no pre-set targets for investing in companies of any particular sector or industry. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund will sell securities in which it has invested based upon the Adviser’s analysis of fundamental investment criteria, including its assessment of the current value of a security relative to the security’s current market price, business fundamentals relating to the issuer, and developments affecting the issuer’s business prospects and risks.

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund seeks long-term investment returns that exceed the return of the Russell Midcap® Total Return

Growth Index. This index is an unmanaged, free float-adjusted, market capitalization-weighted index that is designed to measure the performance of the mid-cap growth segment of the U.S. stock market. The performance of the Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index reflects reinvestment of all distributions and changes in market prices. The Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis.

 

The Russell Midcap® Total Return Growth Index is widely recognized by investors as a benchmark for portfolios of mid-capitalization securities domiciled in the United States. However, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment portfolio is not weighted in terms of market capitalization, sectors, industries or issuers in correlation with the Russell Midcap® Growth

Total Return Index. For this reason, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment performance should not be expected to track, and may exceed or trail, the Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index. In addition, the performance of the Russell Midcap® Growth Total Return Index may not correlate with the performance of the broader U.S. indexes.

 

The Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s investment portfolio is generally composed of at least 30 investment positions, with the 10 largest positions representing not more than 60% of the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s net assets. To limit the risks associated with highly concentrated holdings, the Mid-Cap Growth Fund generally does not invest more than 5% of its net assets in any one class of securities of any one issuer at the time of purchase.

 

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Additional Principal Risk Information

The value of a Fund’s investments may decrease, which will cause the value of the Fund’s Shares to decrease. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in a Fund, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. An investment in a Fund is subject to one or more of the principal risks identified in the following table. The principal risks identified are discussed in more detail in the disclosure that immediately follows the table.

 

  Global Opportunities Fund   Mid-Cap Growth Fund
APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk ü   ü
Company and Market Risk ü   ü
Currency Risk ü    
Custody Risk ü    
Cyber Security Risk ü   ü
Depository Receipts ü    
Emerging Market Countries Risk ü    
Foreign Investments Risk ü    
Investment Style Risk ü   ü
Secondary Market Trading Risk ü   ü
Sector Risk ü   ü
Securities Lending Risk ü   ü
Shares May Trade at Prices Other than NAV Risk ü   ü
Small- and Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk ü   ü

 

APs, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. A Fund may have a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

 

Company and Market Risk. The common stock of a company may not perform as well as expected, and may decrease in value, because of factors related to the company. Among these factors are adverse developments regarding the company’s business or management decisions, changes in the industry in which the company is engaged, and a reduction in the demand for a company’s products or services. In this regard, there is a risk that the judgments of the Adviser about the value and appreciation potential of particular securities will be incorrect. In addition, if a company becomes insolvent, owners of the company’s common stock will have the lowest priority among owners of that company’s different classes of securities as to the distribution of the company’s assets.


General market and economic factors may adversely affect securities markets generally, which could adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments in common stocks. In addition, the rights of holders of common stock are subordinate to the rights of preferred shares and debt holders.

 

A Fund’s NAV and investment return will fluctuate based upon changes in the value of its investments. There is no assurance that a Fund will realize its investment objective, and an investment in a Fund is not, by itself, a complete or balanced investment program. You could lose money on your investment in a Fund, or a Fund could underperform other investments.

 

Periods of unusually high financial market volatility and restrictive credit conditions, at times limited to a particular sector or geographic area, have occurred in the past and may be expected to recur in the future. Some countries, including the United States, have adopted or have signaled protectionist trade measures, relaxation of the financial industry regulations that followed the financial crisis, and/or reductions to corporate taxes. The scope of these policy changes is still developing, but the equity and debt markets may react strongly to expectations of change, which could increase volatility, particularly if a resulting policy runs counter to the market’s expectations. The outcome of such changes cannot be foreseen at the present time. In addition, geopolitical and other risks, including environmental and public health risks, may add to instability in the world economy and markets generally. As a result of increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets, the value and liquidity of a Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by events impacting a country or region, regardless of whether the Fund invests in issuers located in or with significant exposure to such country or region.

 

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An outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus was first detected in China in December 2019 and has spread internationally. The outbreak has resulted in closing borders and quarantines, enhanced health screenings, cancellations, disrupted supply chains and customer activity, and has produced general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect national and global economies, individual companies and the market in general in a manner that cannot be foreseen at the present time. Health crises caused by the recent outbreak may heighten other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in a country or region. In the event of a pandemic or an outbreak, there can be no assurance that the Funds and their service providers will be able to maintain normal business operations for an extended period of time or will not lose the services of key personnel on a temporary or long-term basis due to illness or other reasons. Although vaccines for COVID-19 are becoming more widely available, the full impacts of a pandemic or disease outbreaks are unknown and the pace of recovery may vary from market to market, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty for potentially extended periods of time.

 

·Currency Risk. Currency risk results from changes in the rate of exchange between the currency of the country in which a foreign company is domiciled or keeps its books and the U.S. dollar. Whenever the Global Opportunities Fund holds securities valued in a foreign currency or hold the currency itself in connection with its purchases and sales of foreign securities, changes in the exchange rate add to or subtract from the value of the investment in U.S. dollars. The Global Opportunities Fund generally does not seek to hedge currency risk, and although the Adviser considers currency risks as part of its investment process, its judgments in this regard may not always be correct.

 

·Custody Risk. Custody risk refers to the process of clearing and settling trades, as well as to holding securities with local agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in certain foreign markets make trades more difficult to complete and settle. Local agents are held only to the standard of care of the local market. Governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities with designated depositories that are not subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood that problems will occur.

 

Cyber Security Risk. With the increased use of technologies such as the internet to conduct business, each Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through "hacking" or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber security failures or breaches by the Adviser and other service providers (including, but not limited to, the Funds’ accountant, custodian, transfer agent and administrator), and the issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with a Fund's ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber-attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, a Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by service providers to the Fund and issuers in which the Fund invests. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

Depositary Receipts Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase depositary receipts, including ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and NVDRs to facilitate its investments in foreign securities. By investing in ADRs rather than investing directly in the securities of foreign issuers, the Global Opportunities Fund can avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchase and sales.

 

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However, ADRs do not eliminate all the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. However, ADRs do not eliminate all the risk inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. The information available for ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and NVDRs is subject to the accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards of the market or exchange on which they are traded, and those standards may be more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject.

 

Depositary receipts may be issued in a sponsored program, in which an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts, or in an unsponsored program, in which the issuer may not be directly involved. The holders of depositary receipts that are unsponsored generally bear various costs associated with the facilities, while a larger portion of the costs associated with sponsored depositary receipts are typically borne by the foreign issuers.

 

The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited securities or to pass through the voting rights to facility holders with respect to the deposited securities. Available information concerning the issuers may not be as current for unsponsored depositary receipts and the prices of unsponsored depositary receipts may be more volatile than would be the case if the receipts were sponsored by the issuers.

 

Emerging Market Countries Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves risks in addition to and greater than those generally associated with investing in more developed foreign markets. In many less developed markets, there is less governmental supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than there is in more developed markets. The securities markets of certain countries in which the Global Opportunities Fund may invest may also be smaller, less liquid, and subject to greater price volatility than those of more developed markets. In the event of a default on an investment in a foreign debt obligation, it may be more difficult for the Global Opportunities Fund to obtain or to enforce a judgment against the issuer of that security. The Global Opportunities Fund may also be subject to emerging markets risk to the extent that it invests in companies that are not domiciled in an emerging market but have customers, products, or transactions associated with emerging markets. The Global Opportunities Fund seeks to invest no more than 50% of its net assets in emerging market countries.

 

Foreign Investments Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in the securities of foreign companies. including companies located in both developed and emerging market countries. A significant portion of the Global Opportunities Fund’s investments in foreign companies may be made through the purchase of depositary receipts that represent indirect interests in the securities of foreign companies. Investing in securities of foreign companies involves risks generally not associated with investments in the securities of U.S. companies. These risks may relate to those associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, unreliable and untimely information about issuers, and political and economic instability. Securities of foreign issuers generally trade and thus may be purchased and sold by the Global Opportunities Fund in foreign markets. The principal risks generally associated with foreign investing include the following: Country risk arises from political, social, economic, and other conditions that are unique to a particular country or region. These conditions may relate to the existence of less publicly available information, inferior regulatory oversight (for example, less demanding accounting, auditing, corporate governance, investor relations, and financial reporting standards), the possibility of government-imposed restrictions, and even the nationalization of assets. The liquidity of foreign investments may be more limited than for comparable U.S. investments. Therefore, at times, it may be difficult to sell foreign securities at favorable prices.

 

·Investment Style Risk. Each Fund pursues a quality growth style of investing. Quality growth style investing focuses on companies that appear attractively priced in light of factors such as the quality of management, sustainability of competitive advantage, or growth potential of cash flow. If the Adviser’s assessment of a company’s quality or intrinsic value or its prospects for exceeding earnings expectations or market conditions is inaccurate, a Fund could suffer losses or produce poor performance relative to other funds. In addition, the stocks of quality companies can continue to be undervalued by the market for long periods of time. As a consequence of its investing style a Fund may underperform the market and its peers over short timeframes.

 

Secondary Market Trading Risk. Although each Fund’s Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in a Fund’s Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange “circuit breaker” rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange. Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of a Fund’s Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Fund’s Shares.

 

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Sector Risk. To the extent a Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. A Fund may concentrate their portfolio investments in the following sectors, among others:

 

Communication Services Sector. The communication services sector consists of both companies in the telecommunication services industry as well as those in the media and entertainment industry. Examples of companies in the telecommunication services industry group include providers of fiber-optic, fixed-line, cellular and wireless telecommunications networks. Companies in the media and entertainment industry group encompass a variety of services and products including television broadcasting, gaming products, social media, networking platforms, online classifieds, online review websites and Internet search engines. The communication services sector of a country’s economy is often subject to extensive government regulation. The costs of complying with governmental regulations, delays or failure to receive required regulatory approvals, or the enactment of new regulatory requirements may negatively affect the business of communications companies. Companies in the communication services sector may encounter distressed cash flows due to the need to commit substantial capital to meet increasing competition, particularly in developing new products and services using new technology. Communication services companies are particularly vulnerable to the potential obsolescence of products and services due to technological advancement and the innovation of competitors. While all companies may be susceptible to network security breaches, certain companies in the communication services sector may be particular targets of hacking and potential theft of proprietary or consumer information or disruptions in service, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses.

 

Consumer Discretionary Sector Risk. The consumer discretionary sector (which includes companies in industries such as consumer and household durables, consumer services, media, retailing, and automobiles) can be significantly affected by the performance of the overall economy, interest rates, competition, consumer confidence and spending, and changes in demographics and consumer tastes. Success depends heavily on disposable household income and consumer spending. Competition in this sector is exacerbated by the shift toward online shopping, which may affect a company’s margins and its stock price. Faster-than-expected interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve and rising oil prices could dampen the ability of consumers to spend on discretionary items, which may adversely affect companies in this sector. There are also indications that consumers, especially millennials, have different spending habits and some companies in this sector might have difficulty adjusting to these, and other, consumer trends.

 

Health Care Sector Risk. (only applies to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund) Companies in the health care sector are subject to extensive government regulation and their profitability can be significantly affected by restrictions on government reimbursement for medical expenses, rising costs of medical products and services, pricing pressure (including price discounting), limited product lines and an increased emphasis on the delivery of healthcare through outpatient services. Companies in the health care sector are heavily dependent on obtaining and defending patents, which may be time consuming and costly, and the expiration of patents may also adversely affect the profitability of these companies. Health care companies are also subject to extensive litigation based on product liability and similar claims. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies or other market developments. Many new products in the health care sector require significant research and development and may be subject to regulatory approvals, all of which may be time consuming and costly with no guarantee that any product will come to market.

 

Industrial Sector Risk. The industrials sector includes companies engaged in the manufacture and distribution of capital goods, such as those used in defense, construction and engineering, companies that manufacture and distribute electrical equipment and industrial machinery and those that provide commercial and transportation services and supplies. Companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. In addition, companies in the industrials sector may be adversely affected by environmental damages, product liability claims, labor disputes and exchange rates.

 

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Information Technology Sector Risk. Market or economic factors impacting information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technological advances could have a significant effect on the value of the Fund's investments. The value of stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology is particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in technology product cycles, rapid product obsolescence, government regulation and competition, both domestically and internationally, including competition from foreign competitors with lower production costs. Stocks of information technology companies and companies that rely heavily on technology, especially those of smaller, less-seasoned companies, tend to be more volatile than the overall market. Information technology companies are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights, the loss or impairment of which may adversely affect profitability. Additionally, companies in the technology sector may face dramatic and often unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel.

 

Securities Lending. Each Fund may seek to increase its income by lending portfolio securities to institutions, such as certain broker-dealers. Portfolio securities loans are secured continuously by collateral maintained on a current basis at an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. The value of the securities loaned by a Fund will not exceed 33 1⁄3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. A Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the borrowing institution breaches its agreement with the Fund. Lending a Fund’s portfolio securities involves the risk of delay in receiving additional collateral if the value of the securities goes up while they are on loan. A Fund may lose money from securities lending if, for example, it is delayed in or prevented from selling the collateral or from recovering the securities loaned or if it incurs losses on the reinvestment of cash collateral.

 

Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares of each Fund may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate a Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a “bid/ask” spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage opportunities.

 

Small and Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund invests in securities of small-capitalization companies. Investments in securities of small-cap companies may involve greater risks than do investments in larger, more established companies, because, for example, small-cap companies may lack the management experience, financial resources, product diversification, and competitive strength of larger companies. The frequency and volume of trading in the securities of small-cap companies may be substantially more volatile than is typical of larger companies. The value of securities of small-cap companies tends to be more vulnerable to adverse developments specific to the company or its industry, or the securities markets generally, than are the securities of larger-capitalization companies. Returns on these investments may vary substantially from the performance of the overall equity markets.

 

The Funds also invest in securities of mid-capitalization companies. The value of securities of mid-cap companies may be more volatile than the value of securities of companies with larger capitalizations and also tend to be more adversely affected by issuer-specific events and political, market and economic developments than the securities of larger companies.

 

Additional Information About Non-Principal Risks of the Funds. This section provides additional information regarding certain non-principal risks of investing in the Funds. The risk listed below could have a negative impact on a Fund’s performance and trading prices.

 

Activities of Affiliates of the Adviser Risk. Companies affiliated with the Adviser, including The Motley Fool, LLC, publish information, opinions, and recommendations regarding the purchase and sale of securities, possibly including securities that are held by or being considered for purchase or sale by the Funds. These opinions and recommendations may be consistent with, or opposed to, the views of the Adviser and may adversely affect the prices of securities held by the Funds or the prices at which the Funds can purchase or sell a security. The Funds, the Adviser, and the Adviser’s publishing affiliates have adopted procedures designed to prevent personnel of the publishing affiliates from obtaining or using nonpublic information about each Fund’s holdings or the Adviser’s strategy or actual or potential portfolios. These procedures are also designed to prevent the Adviser and its personnel from using pre-publication information obtained from the publishing affiliates and to assure that investment decisions for the Funds are consistent with what the Adviser believes to be in the Funds’ best interest. Additionally, the members of the Adviser’s Investment Committee provide advisory services on behalf of another affiliate, Motley Fool Wealth Management, LLC (“MFWM”), particularly for MFWM’s separately managed accounts. The advice given on behalf of MFWM, consistently with the mandates of its various strategies, may also be consistent with or opposed to the views of the Adviser in relation to the Funds and may adversely affect the prices of securities held by the Funds or the prices at which they can purchase or sell a security. MFWM and the Adviser have adopted procedures to assure that neither MFWM nor the Adviser (or their respective clients) can benefit from any informational or trading advantage over the other. A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of information regarding their portfolio securities and the procedures designed to minimize conflicts between the Funds, the Adviser, MFWM, and the Adviser’s publishing affiliates is contained in the statement of additional information (“SAI”).

 

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Closed-End Funds. The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in publicly traded shares of closed-end investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) and business development companies to indirectly access particular types of investments (such as private equity investments), markets, or industry sectors in which it would otherwise be difficult or costly for the Global Opportunities Fund to invest. Shares of these companies may trade at a discount from or premium to their net asset values per share, which change from time to time and may be significant. Closed-end investment companies and business development companies incur various expenses, including investment advisory fees (which, in the case of a business development company, may be performance-based compensation). The Global Opportunities Fund will bear these expenses when it invests in such companies, which are in addition to the fees and expenses of the Global Opportunities Fund.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase convertible debt obligations and convertible preferred stock. The holders of these securities are entitled to exchange the securities for common stock (or other equity securities) of a company, typically at a fixed price within a specified period of time. Until conversion, the holder is entitled to interest (in the case of convertible debt) or dividends (in the case of preferred stock). These instruments have risks that are similar to debt securities because of their interest or dividend features and have risks that are similar to equity securities because of their conversion features.

 

Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Investors buying or selling Shares of each Fund in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of a Fund’s Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the “bid” price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the “ask” price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the “spread” or “bid/ask spread.” The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in a Fund, asset swings in a Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

 

Debt Securities Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in non-convertible debt securities on a temporary basis to earn income pending investment of its assets in common stocks and equity-related securities or to seek capital appreciation when the Adviser believes an issuer’s debt securities are undervalued based on its fundamental analysis. These securities include bonds and other debt obligations, including obligations issued by U.S. and foreign corporations, the U.S. government or foreign governments or their agencies, and municipal governments. The securities may pay fixed, variable, or floating rates of interest and may include zero-coupon obligations. The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in both investment grade debt securities and non-investment grade debt securities (known as high-yield bonds or junk bonds). Investment grade debt securities are those securities rated BBB or better by S&P Global Ratings or Baa or better by Moody’s Investors Service, or that are unrated and have been determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality to these rated securities. Except during periods of adverse market or economic conditions, when the Global Opportunities Fund may assume a defensive investment position, the Global Opportunities Fund will not invest more than 15% of their net assets in non-convertible debt securities.

 

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All debt securities are subject to certain risks. One risk is that the issuer may not be able to meet its principal or its interest-payment obligations. Another risk is that the value of debt securities generally declines as interest rates rise. The value of debt securities may also decline as a result of a change in market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and a change in general market liquidity. Any decline in the value of debt securities as a result of changes in credit quality or future interest rates will generally be greater for securities having longer maturities. Non-investment grade securities, especially high-yield bonds, which are speculative investments, are more sensitive to these risks, particularly credit risk. In addition, the markets for non-investment grade securities may be thinner and less active than are the markets for investment grade securities. The Global Opportunities Fund will not invest more than 10% of its net assets in non-investment grade debt securities and do not invest in debt securities that are in default as to payment of interest or principal.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds. The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase shares of ETFs that are registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act and shares of similar investment vehicles that are not registered under the 1940 Act (together with the ETFs, “Traded Funds”) to gain exposure to the general market, individual countries or regions, or industry sectors. The Global Opportunities Fund may use these instruments to allocate their assets to markets or industry sectors the Adviser deems attractive while it pursues investment in the securities of companies in those markets or sectors.

 

Generally, the Traded Funds in which the Global Opportunities Fund invests hold portfolios of investments designed to track the performance of a particular index (or group of securities having specified characteristics) or of a “basket” of stocks from within a particular industry sector or group. Their shares are traded on securities exchanges. Traded Funds involve risks generally associated with investments in securities, including the risk that the general level of prices, or that the prices of securities within a particular sector, may increase or decline and thereby affect the value of the shares of the Traded Funds. To the extent that Traded Funds incur various expenses, including investment advisory fees, the Global Opportunities Fund, when investing in Traded Funds, will bear duplicative fees and expenses, which shareholders of the Global Opportunities Fund will bear indirectly. The Global Opportunities Fund does not invest in actively managed Traded Funds.

 

The market for an ETF’s shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity in the markets for the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, which could lead to differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares. An ETF’s market price may deviate from the value of the ETF’s underlying portfolio holdings, particularly in times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the ETF shares bought or sold. An active trading market for shares of the ETF may not develop or be maintained. In times of market stress, market makers or authorized participants may step away from their respective roles in making a market in shares of the ETF and in executing purchase or redemption orders, which could also lead to variances between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of those shares.

 

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may (but are not required to) enter into forward foreign currency contracts to hedge its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates pending their purchase and sale of foreign securities. These contracts represent obligations to purchase or to sell a specified amount of currency at a future date and at a specified price agreed to by the parties at the time they enter into the contracts and allow the Global Opportunities Fund to “lock in” the U.S. dollar prices of securities. However, there may be an imperfect correlation between the securities being purchased or sold and the forward contracts entered into, and there is a risk that a counterparty will be unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligation under a forward contract.

 

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Illiquid Investments Risk. The Funds invest primarily in publicly traded securities and do not generally purchase securities that have legal or contractual restrictions on resale or that are illiquid. However, total return swaps entered into by the Global Opportunities Fund may be illiquid. In addition, liquid securities purchased by the Funds may become illiquid because of issuer-specific events or changes in market conditions. Illiquid investments are subject to the risk that the Funds will not be able to sell the investments when desired or at favorable prices. A Fund will not purchase an illiquid investment if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of the Fund’s net assets would be so invested.

 

Legal and Regulatory Change Risks. The regulatory environment for investment companies is evolving, and changes in regulation may adversely affect the value of a Fund’s investments and its ability to pursue its trading strategy. In addition, the securities markets are subject to comprehensive statutes and regulations. The SEC and other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The effect of any future regulatory change on a Fund could be substantial and adverse.

 

Investments in securities of MLPs involve risks that differ from an investment in common stock. Holders of limited partnership interests in MLPs have more limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the partnership. There are also tax risks associated with MLP investments. In particular, in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company under U.S. federal income tax law, a Fund generally may not invest more than 25% of its assets in securities of MLPs and other entities treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purpose. In addition, if an MLP is required to pay corporate income taxes (a situation that could occur if the MLP is not treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes), the amount of cash available for distribution by the MLP (and the value of its limited partnership interests) would be reduced. In addition, conflicts of interest may exist between the owners of limited partnership interests in an MLP and the MLP’s general partner. Generally, the general partner of an MLP is entitled to receive incentive compensation and is reimbursed by the MLP for costs it incurs in managing and operating the MLP. When the Funds invest in MLPs, they bear these costs alongside the other limited partners, which are in addition to the fees and expenses of the Funds.

 

Preferred Stock Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in preferred stocks. Like common stock, preferred stock represents equity ownership interests in a company and participates in a company’s earnings. However, unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are entitled to stated dividends. These dividends are sometimes “cumulative,” which means that if previous stated dividends have not been paid, the dividends payable on the preferred stock will have a priority over distributions to holders of common stock and a preference on the distribution of a company’s assets in the event of the company’s dissolution. Preferred stock may also be “participating,” which means that its holders are entitled to dividends in excess of stated dividends in certain cases. The Global Opportunities Fund does not require a minimum credit rating for its preferred stock. The Adviser considers a company’s liquidity and credit condition as well as the position of the security in the company’s capital structure in assessing preferred stock it considers for the Global Opportunities Fund. The risks of preferred stock are similar to the risks associated with common stock.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts Risk. The Funds may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that manage a portfolio of real estate or real estate-related loans to earn profits for their shareholders. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, such as shopping centers, nursing homes, office buildings, apartment complexes, and hotels, and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs can be subject to extreme volatility because of fluctuations in the demand for real estate, changes in interest rates, and adverse economic conditions. Similar to regulated investment companies, REITs generally are not subject to federal income tax on income distributed to shareholders, provided they comply with certain requirements. The failure of a REIT to continue to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes can materially affect its value. A fund indirectly bears its proportionate share of any expenses paid by a REIT in which it invests. REITs often do not provide complete tax information until after the end of the calendar year. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for a fund investing in REITs to request permission to extend the deadline for issuance of Forms 1099-DIV beyond January 31. In the alternative, amended Forms 1099-DIV may be sent.

 

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Regulated Investment Company (“RIC”) Compliance Risk. Each Fund has elected to be, and intends to continue to qualify each year for treatment as, a RIC under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. To continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a RIC, each Fund must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. If for any taxable year a Fund fails to qualify for the special federal income tax treatment afforded to RICs, all of that Fund’s taxable income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates (without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders) and its income available for distribution will be reduced. Under certain circumstances, a Fund could cure a failure to qualify as a RIC, but in order to do so, the Fund could incur significant Fund-level taxes and could be forced to dispose of certain assets.

 

Reliance on the Adviser Risk. Each Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Adviser’s ability to identify profitable investment opportunities for the Fund. The Adviser was formed in 2008. The Adviser began managing a mutual fund, the Investor Shares of the MFAM Global Opportunities Fund, in 2009, and the Investor Shares of the MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund in 2010. Members of the investment committee have considerable experience analyzing companies, valuing stocks, monitoring market activity from their editorial positions in the financial media and publishing industry, and managing global portfolios of securities.

 

Short-Term Investments Risk. During periods of adverse market or economic conditions, the Funds may temporarily invest all or a substantial portion of their assets in high quality, fixed-income securities, money market instruments, and shares of money market mutual funds, or it may hold cash. At such times, to preserve capital, the Funds would not be pursuing their stated investment objective with its usual investment strategies. The Funds may also hold these investments for liquidity purposes.

 

Total Return Swaps and Participatory Notes Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may enter into total return swaps and participatory notes to gain exposure to foreign securities markets or foreign securities that might otherwise be difficult or costly to access or purchase because of foreign regulatory restrictions or foreign tax laws. A total return swap is an individually negotiated agreement through which the Global Opportunities Fund can, in exchange for a specified fixed or floating payment, derive an investment return that is based on the investment performance of a specified index or basket of securities or that is based on changes in the price of a specific foreign security. A participatory note is a financial instrument used by foreign investors to invest in a particular country’s securities. Securities brokerages in the country buy the securities, then issue to foreign investors participatory notes that derive their value from the underlying securities. Any dividends or capital gains collected from the underlying securities are passed through to the foreign investors. Use of these instruments involves various risks. These include the risks that the Global Opportunities Fund may not be able to terminate or offset their positions at the time they wish to do so or at a favorable price and that, as a result of the failure of a counterparty or legal or operational issues, the Global Opportunities Fund may not receive payments required to be made to them under the terms of a swap or participatory note. Total return swaps also may involve leverage and the related risk of loss. When the Global Opportunities Fund enter into a total return swap transaction, a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, or liquid securities equal to the value of the swap transaction is established and maintained. The Global Opportunities Fund will not enter into a total return swap or participatory note if, as a result, the value of its positions in illiquid investments would exceed 15% of the value of the Global Opportunities Fund’s net assets, respectively.

 

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Warrants and Rights Risk. Rights are similar to warrants but normally have a short duration and are distributed directly by the issuer to its shareholders. Warrants and rights are not dividend-paying investments and do not have the voting rights of common stock. They also do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than direct equity investments. In addition, the values of warrants and rights do not necessarily change with the values of the underlying securities, and these instruments may cease to have value if not exercised before their expiration dates. The use of warrants and rights can increase the volatility of the Funds’ portfolio. If a Fund invests in these instruments at unfortunate times or judges market conditions incorrectly, it may incur substantial losses. Changes in the liquidity of the secondary markets in which these instruments trade can result in significant, rapid, and unpredictable changes in their prices, and these conditions could also cause losses to the Funds.

 

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions Risk. The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “delayed-delivery” or “forward-commitment” basis to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates or securities prices. These transactions involve a commitment by the Global Opportunities Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily one or two months later). The price of the underlying securities, which is generally expressed in terms of yield, is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. No income accrues on securities that have been purchased pursuant to a when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment basis before delivery to the Global Opportunities Fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment securities may be sold before the settlement date. If the Global Opportunities Fund dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security before their acquisition or dispose of their right to deliver or receive against a delayed delivery or forward commitment, they may incur a gain or loss. When the Global Opportunities Fund enter into such a transaction, a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, or liquid securities equal to the value of the when-issued, delayed-delivery, or forward-commitment transaction is established and maintained. Purchasing securities on a forward-commitment, when-issued, or delayed-delivery basis when the Global Opportunities Fund are fully or almost fully invested may result in greater potential fluctuation in the value of the Global Opportunities Fund’s net assets. There is a risk that securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis may not be delivered and that the purchaser of securities sold by the Global Opportunities Fund on a forward basis will not honor its purchase obligation. In these cases, the Global Opportunities Fund may incur a loss.

 

The Funds may make other types of investments and may engage in various other investment practices. These investments and practices, and their risks, are described in the SAI.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

Each Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through the Funds’ website located at www.mfamfunds.com and may be made available through financial reporting and news services or any other medium, including publicly available internet web sites. Additional information regarding the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ SAI.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS

 

The Board of the Company (of which each Fund is a series) is responsible for supervising the operations and affairs of the Funds. The Adviser is responsible for the daily management and administration of each Fund’s operations.

 

Investment Adviser

The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Motley Fool Investment Management, LLC, a subsidiary of The Motley Fool Holdings Inc. (“TMF Holdings”), a multimedia financial-services holding company that also owns The Motley Fool, LLC (“TMF”), which publishes investment information and analysis across a wide range of media, including investment-newsletter services, websites, and books. TMF Holdings is controlled by David Gardner and Tom Gardner. The Adviser is located at 2000 Duke Street, Suite 275, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.

 

The Adviser is a separate legal entity and all discretionary asset management services for the Funds are made independently by portfolio managers at the Adviser.  Neither of the Gardners, nor any TMF analyst is involved in the investment decision-making or daily operations of the Adviser.  With respect to its actively-managed funds, the Adviser does not attempt to track any TMF services and, as such, the Funds may diverge completely from TMF’s services.

 

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Subject to the overall supervision of the Board, the Adviser manages the overall investment operations of the Funds in accordance with each Fund’s investment objective and policies and formulates a continuing investment strategy for each Fund pursuant to the terms of investment advisory agreements between the Company and the Adviser (each, an “Advisory Agreement” and together, the “Advisory Agreements”). Under the terms of its Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee that is computed and paid monthly at an annual rate of 0.85% of the Fund’s average daily net assets during the month. From the unitary management fees, the Adviser pays most of the expenses of the Funds, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. However, under each Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not responsible for interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, fees and expenses of the independent directors and their independent legal counsel, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.

 

A discussion regarding the Board’s approval of each Fund’s Advisory Agreement and the factors the Board considered with respect to its approval will be available in the Funds’ next semi-annual or annual report to shareholders.

 

The Adviser’s Investment Management Team

Bryan C. Hinmon, CFA, Anthony L. Arsta, William S. Barker, CFA, Nathan G. Weisshaar, CFA, and Michael J. Olsen, CFA, are the Global Opportunities Fund’s portfolio managers and they each are responsible for the portfolio management decisions for the Global Opportunities Fund’s assets. Bryan C. Hinmon, CFA, Anthony L. Arsta, William S. Barker, CFA, and Nathan G. Weisshaar, CFA, serve as the portfolio managers to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund and are each responsible for the portfolio management decisions for the Mid-Cap Growth Fund's assets.

 

Bryan C. Hinmon, CFA

Bryan Hinmon is the Chief Investment Officer (“CIO”) and Senior Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, as well as Chairman of the Adviser’s Investment Committee, having served in the CIO, Senior Portfolio Manager and Chairman capacity since 2017 and as a Portfolio Manager for the Global Opportunities Fund and Mid-Cap Growth Fund since 2014. He has co-managed the Motley Fool 100 Index ETF and MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF since 2018.

 

As CIO of the firm, Mr. Hinmon is responsible for leading the investment team, maintaining the firm’s investment philosophy, and managing client assets.

 

He also works as an analyst, identifying and researching investments for the firm’s affiliate, Motley Fool Wealth Management’s separately managed account strategies. He joined the Adviser in 2014 after more than four years at The Motley Fool, LLC, where he helped manage Motley Fool Pro, a long/short and options portfolio service. Mr. Hinmon also served as a senior analyst on Motley Fool Options for more than four years and led the company’s Analyst Development Program for two years.

 

Before life at The Motley Fool, LLC, Mr. Hinmon was a portfolio manager at Bulwark Capital Management, a hedge fund with an approach that balanced fundamental long-term equity investing, option income, and special situations. Earlier in his career, he worked as a research analyst for an asset manager in Naples, Florida, that provided portfolio management and operated a covered-call hedge fund. Mr. Hinmon graduated from Stetson University with a bachelor’s degree in finance. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a former member of The Boston Security Analysts Society and is now a member of the CFA Society of Colorado.

 

Anthony L. Arsta

Tony Arsta is a Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having served in that role for the open-end mutual funds managed by the Adviser starting in 2009. Mr. Arsta complements his quality growth at a reasonable price investing focus with applications of statistical analysis and investor psychology. After joining The Motley Fool, LLC in 2008, he contributed his writing and analysis to Motley Fool Million Dollar Portfolio, as well as several other Foolish newsletter services. Mr. Arsta earned his M.B.A. with distinction from DePaul University, with a concentration in finance, and also holds a B.S. in computer science from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

 

William S. Barker, CFA

Bill Barker is a Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having served in that role for the Global Opportunities Fund since 2009, and the Mid-Cap Growth Fund since 2010. He joined The Motley Fool, LLC, in 2005 as a senior analyst for equity research, a role in which he specialized in value-stock analysis and worked primarily on three newsletters: Motley Fool Stock Advisor, Motley Fool Hidden Gems, and Hidden Gems Pay Dirt. Previously, Mr. Barker worked for the SEC in its Office of Investor Education and Assistance, and for the U.S. Department of the Treasury in the Office of Foreign Assets Control, Foreign Terrorism Division. While with Treasury, he worked on the detection and prevention of the funding of foreign terrorist organizations and individuals.

 

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He also worked for The Motley Fool, LLC from 1998 to 2001 as the principal writer of personal-finance content for the company’s website and later as an equity analyst and senior producer for investing. Mr. Barker received his CFA designation in 2008 and is a member of the CFA Society of Washington, D.C.

 

Before his work in finance, Mr. Barker was a trial lawyer in the Commercial Litigation division of the City Solicitor’s Office in Philadelphia, where he handled complex commercial cases as lead counsel in trials involving multi-million dollar claims. He represented many of the major departments of the city, including the Office of the Mayor. Coming out of law school, he first worked in Washington, D.C., as an associate for Patton Boggs, LLP.

 

Mr. Barker has written extensively for The Motley Fool, LLC online as well as for its newsletters and three Motley Fool books. He has been published in Newsweek and has appeared as a commentator on CNN, CNBC, CNBC Europe, MSNBC, BBC, CBS, and NBC’s The Today Show. He graduated cum laude from Yale University with a degree in political philosophy and earned his J.D. from the University of Virginia.

 

Nathan G. Weisshaar, CFA

Nate Weisshaar is a Portfolio Manager at the Adviser, having served in that role for the Global Opportunities Fund and Mid-Cap Growth Fund since 2014. Mr. Weisshaar has a particular interest in international and banking stocks. After joining The Motley Fool, LLC in 2007 as an equity research analyst for Motley Fool Global Gains and several other newsletters, Mr. Weisshaar subsequently became a co-advisor on Motley Fool Champion Shares PRO and Motley Fool Share Advisor, The Motley Fool, LLC’s newsletter products for the UK market, while living in London from 2011 to 2014. After graduating from the University of Arizona with a B.S. in finance, Mr. Weisshaar worked as a banking consultant at United Bankers Bank in Minnesota.

 

Michael J. Olsen, CFA

Michael Olsen is a Portfolio Manager for the Global Opportunities Fund. Prior to joining Motley Fool Asset Management in 2019, Michael worked for its sister company, The Motley Fool, LLC, since 2005, where he most recently served as advisor for its dividend-oriented stock-picking products and co-advisor for PRO UK, a UK-focused investment service. Previously, he worked as an analyst on the company’s international, small-cap, and value newsletters, among others. Although his experience is diverse, his investment approach is singularly focused – buying high-quality enterprises at reasonable prices. Earlier in his career, he worked at the Corporate Executive Board (now Gartner), a DC-based consulting firm. He is a CFA charterholder and a graduate of the University of Richmond, where he earned a degree in business administration with a finance concentration.

 

The SAI provides additional information about the compensation of each Portfolio Manager, other accounts managed by them, and their ownership of Shares of the Funds.

 

HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES

 

Each Fund issues and redeems its Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to a Fund, at NAV. APs must be (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC, a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC participant (as discussed below). In addition, each AP must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

 

Investors can only buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

 

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When buying or selling a Fund’s Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares, and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

 

Book Entry

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

 

Investors owning a Fund’s Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” through your brokerage account.

 

Share Trading Prices on the Exchange

Trading prices of a Fund’s Shares on the Exchange may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV. Market forces of supply and demand, economic conditions and other factors may affect the trading prices of Shares. To provide additional information regarding the indicative value of Shares, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or other widely disseminated means, an updated “intraday indicative value” (“IIV”) for Shares as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Funds are neither involved in nor responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs. If the calculation of the IIV is based on the basket of Deposit Securities, such IIV may not represent the best possible valuation of a Fund’s portfolio because the basket of Deposit Securities does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current Fund portfolios at a particular point in time. The IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of a Fund’s NAV because the IIV may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed only once a day, typically at the end of the business day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the Deposit Securities.

 

Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares

The Funds impose no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly with the Funds, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, the Board has also determined that frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and may lead to the realization of capital gains. To minimize these potential consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions, the Funds employ fair value pricing and impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Funds in effecting trades. In addition, the Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase order at any time.

 

Determination of Net Asset Value

Each Fund’s NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV for a Fund is calculated by dividing the Fund’s net assets by its Shares outstanding.

 

In calculating its NAV, a Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. If such information is not available for a security held by the Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued at fair value estimates under guidelines established by the Board.

 

Fair Value Pricing

If market quotations are unavailable or deemed unreliable by the Funds’ administrator, in consultation with the Adviser, securities will be fair valued by the Adviser in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board and under the Board’s ultimate supervision. Relying on prices supplied by pricing services or dealers or using fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by a Fund to price its investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other investment companies and investors to price the same investments.

 

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DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

 

Dividends and Distributions

Each Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service

Brokers may make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available to their customers who own Shares. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole Shares of a Fund purchased on the secondary market. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. In order to achieve the maximum total return on their investments, investors are encouraged to use the dividend reinvestment service. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require a Fund’s shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables.

 

Taxes

As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in shares of a Fund will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to investors who are individual United States citizens or residents. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in shares of a Fund.

 

Unless your investment in shares of a Fund is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when: (i) the Fund makes distributions; (ii) you sell your shares listed on the Exchange; and (iii) you purchase or redeem Creation Units.

 

Taxes on Distributions

Each Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains income. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares of the Fund. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by a Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by a Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates. Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional shares.

 

Distributions reported by a Fund as “qualified dividend income” are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. “Qualified dividend income” generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. The amount of a Fund’s distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of the Fund’s securities lending activities, if any. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends-received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. The amount of the dividends qualifying for this deduction may, however, be reduced as a result of a Fund’s securities lending activities, if any.

 

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from a Fund.

 

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U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of shares of a Fund). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

 

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the shares’ NAV when you purchased your shares of the Fund).

 

You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable to you even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment. This adverse tax result is known as “buying into a dividend.”

 

Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange

For federal income tax purposes, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of shares of a Fund generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if those shares have been held for more than 12 months and as a short-term capital gain or loss if those shares have been held for 12 months or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such shares of a Fund. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent shares of a Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the sale of shares. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.

 

IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans

The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on and sales of shares of a Fund held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless it borrowed to acquire the shares.

 

U.S. Tax Treatment of Foreign Shareholders

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. Each Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.

 

Foreign shareholders will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on the sale of shares in a Fund, except that a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a calendar year will be taxable on such gains and on capital gain dividends from a Fund.

 

In contrast, if a foreign investor conducts a trade or business in the United States and the investment in a Fund is effectively connected with that trade or business, then the foreign investor’s income from a Fund will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates in a manner similar to the income of a U.S. citizen or resident.

 

Each Fund is generally required to withhold 30% on certain payments to shareholders that are foreign entities and that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements.

 

All foreign investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in a Fund.

 

Backup Withholding

Each Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns shares of the Fund) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he, she or it is not subject to such backup withholding. The current backup withholding rate is 24%.

 

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Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units

An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the sum of the AP’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Any gain or loss realized by an AP upon a creation of Creation Units will be treated as capital gain or loss if the AP holds the securities exchanged therefor as capital assets, and otherwise will be ordinary income or loss. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held by the AP for more than 12 months, and otherwise will be short-term capital gain or loss.

 

The Company on behalf of each Fund has the right to reject an order for a purchase of Creation Units if the AP (or a group of APs) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Company also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If a Fund does issue Creation Units to an AP (or group of APs) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund, the AP (or group of APs) may not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.

 

An AP who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units and the AP’s basis in the Creation Units. Any gain or loss realized by an AP upon a redemption of Creation Units will be treated as capital gain or loss if the AP holds the shares comprising the Creation Units as capital assets, and otherwise will be ordinary income or loss. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares comprising the Creation Units have been held by the AP for more than 12 months, and otherwise will generally be short-term capital gain or loss. Any capital loss realized upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable AP of long-term capital gains with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the AP as undistributed capital gains).

 

Each Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. A Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

 

Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction.

 

The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in a Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of shares of a Fund. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares of a Fund under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled “DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES” in the SAI.

 

DISTRIBUTION

 

The Distributor, Quasar Distributors, LLC, is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC. The Distributor distributes Creation Units for the Funds on an agency basis and does not maintain a secondary market in Shares. The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by the Funds. The Distributor’s principal address is 111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.

 

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ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

 

Payments to Financial Intermediaries.

The Adviser, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Funds or their shareholders, may pay intermediaries, including affiliates of the Adviser, for the sale of Fund Shares and related services, including participation in activities that are designed to make intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products. Payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing and related sales support, educational training or support, or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. Payments may also be made to intermediaries for making Shares of a Fund available to their customers generally and in investment programs. The Adviser may also reimburse expenses or make payments from its own resources to intermediaries in consideration of services or other activities the Adviser believes may facilitate investment in the Funds.

 

The possibility of receiving, or the receipt of, the payments described above may provide intermediaries or their salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of Shares of the Funds, and other funds whose affiliates make similar compensation available, over other investments that do not make such payments. Investors may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Funds and other ETFs.

 

Premium/Discount Information.

Information regarding how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV is available, free of charge, on the Funds’ website at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

Continuous Offering.

The method by which Creation Units are purchased and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the Prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

 

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into individual Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to categorization as an underwriter.

 

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters” but are effecting transactions in Shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of Shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act is not available with respect to such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker dealer-firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an over-allotment within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(a) of the Securities Act would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares of a Fund are reminded that under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that such Fund’s Prospectus is available on the SEC’s electronic filing system. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 of the Securities Act is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

 

Additional Information.

The Funds enter into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others the Funds’ investment adviser, who provide services to the Funds. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or “third party”) beneficiaries of, those contractual arrangements.

 

The Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase Shares of a Fund. The Funds may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this Prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred explicitly by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.

 

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NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR IN THE FUNDS' SAI INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE COMPANY OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

Each Fund is new and has no performance history as of the date of this Prospectus. The MFAM Global Opportunities ETF and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF will acquire all of the assets, subject to the liabilities, of the MFAM Global Opportunities Fund and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (each a “Predecessor Fund” and collectively, the “Predecessor Funds”), respectively, in reorganizations (together, the “Reorganizations”). As a result, the Financial Highlights information presented for a Fund is the financial history of the Institutional Class shares of the corresponding Predecessor Fund. Each Fund’s total net operating expense ratio is lower than the net operating expense ratio of its Predecessor Fund. The information in the tables below for the Predecessor Funds has not been adjusted.

 

These financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Predecessor Fund’s financial performance for the past five years.

 

Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of the predecessor mutual funds. Total returns in the tables represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Predecessor Funds (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The financial information for the periods shown has been audited by [ ], the independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Predecessor Funds’ financial statements, is included in the Predecessor Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request.

 

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MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (Predecessor Fund to MFAM

Global Opportunities ETF)

 
                      
   Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2021 Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2020   Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2019  Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2018   Fiscal Period Ended August 31, 2017(1)(2)     Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2016 
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE                          
Net asset value, beginning of period    $25.09  $25.97  $24.09  $20.40     $20.35 
Net investment income/(loss)(3)     *  0.05   0.02   0.09      0.08 
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) from investments     6.21   0.80   4.94   4.25      0.02 
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations     6.21   0.85   4.96   4.34      0.10 
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from:                          
Net investment income     (0.04)     (0.03)  (0.09)     (0.04)
Net realized capital gains     (1.09)  (1.73)  (3.05)  (0.56)     (0.01)
Total dividends and distributions to shareholders     (1.13)  (1.73)  (3.08)  (0.65)     (0.05)
Redemption and small-balance account fees               *     
Net asset value, end of period    $30.17  $25.09  $25.97  $24.09     $20.40 
Total investment return/(loss)(4)     25.64%  4.94%  22.48%  21.97%(5)    (0.47%)
RATIO/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA                          
Net assets, end of period (thousands)    $122,406  $92,760  $78,987  $60,623     $7,243 
Ratio of expenses to average net assets     0.95%  0.95%  0.95%  0.95% (6)    0.95%
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (before waivers and reimbursement of expenses and/or recapture of previously waived fees)     1.00%  0.99%  1.06%  1.17% (6)    2.12%
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets     (0.01%)  0.19%  0.07%  0.48% (6)    0.39%
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets (before waivers and reimbursement of expenses and/or recapture of previously waived fees)     (0.06%)  0.15%  (0.04%)  0.26% (6)  (0.78%)
Portfolio turnover rate     10%  11%  15% 38% (5)  26%

38 

 

*Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
(1)The Fund changed its fiscal year end to August 31 during the period.
(2)Effective as of December 21, 2016, the Fund acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Motley Fool Independence Fund, a series of The Motley Fool Funds Trust (the “MFFT Global Predecessor Fund”). The financial highlights for the periods prior to that date reflect the performances of the Predecessor Fund.
(3)Per share data calculated using average shares outstanding method.
(4)Total investment return/(loss) reflects the rate an investor would have earned on an investment in the Fund during the period. Redemption and small balance account fees received had no effect on the Fund’s Institutional Shares total investment return.
(5)Not annualized.
(6)Annualized.

 

39 

 

 

 

   MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (Predecessor Fund to MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF)  
  

 

Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2021

  Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2020   Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2019   Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2018    Fiscal Period Ended August 31, 2017(1)(2)      Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2016
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE                                
Net asset value, beginning of period     $24.48   $27.50   $22.14    $18.34      $18.75
Net investment income/(loss)(3)       (0.02)   0.02    (0.01)    (0.03)     (0.02)
Net realized and unrealized gain/(loss) from investments     6.79    (1.88)   6.72     3.83      (0.33)
Net increase/(decrease) in net assets resulting from operations      6.77    (1.86)   6.71     3.80      (0.35)
Dividends and distributions to shareholders from:                            
Net investment income                         (0.06)
Net realized capital gains      (1.46)   (1.16)   (1.35)         
Total dividends and distributions to shareholders      (1.46)   (1.16)   (1.35)          (0.06)
Redemption and small-balance
account fees
                *     *  *
Net asset value, end of period     $29.79   $24.48   $27.50    $22.14      $18.34
Total investment return/(loss)(4)      28.77%   (5.97%)   31.10%    20.72%  (5) (1.89%)
RATIO/SUPPLEMENTAL DATA                                
Net assets, end of period (thousands)     $39,488   $29,205   $30,562    $20,365      $5,502
Ratio of expenses to average net assets      0.95%   0.95%   0.95%    0.95%  (6) 0.95%
Ratio of expenses to average net assets (before waivers and reimbursement of expenses and/or recapture of previously waived fees)      1.00%   0.98%   1.17%    1.47%  (6) 2.40%
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets      (0.06%)   0.10%   (0.05%)    (0.15%)  (6) (0.08%)
Ratio of net investment income/(loss) to average net assets (before waivers and reimbursement of expenses and/or recapture of previously waived fees)      (0.11%)   0.07%   (0.26%)    (0.67%)  (6) (1.53%)
Portfolio turnover rate      14%   4%   19%    24%  (5) 21%

 

*Amount represents less than $0.005 per share.
(1)The Fund changed its fiscal year end to August 31 during the period.
(2)Effective as of December 21, 2016, the Fund acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Motley Fool Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, a series of The Motley Fool Funds Trust (the “MFFT Global Predecessor Fund”). The financial highlights for the periods prior to that date reflect the performances of the Predecessor Fund.
(3)Per share data calculated using average shares outstanding method.

40 

 

(4))Total investment return/(loss) reflects the rate an investor would have earned on an investment in the Fund during the period. Redemption and small balance account fees received had no effect on the Fund’s Institutional Shares total investment return.
(5)Not annualized.
(6)Annualized.

41 

 

Privacy Notice

 

WHAT DO THE MFAM FUNDS DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?

 

Why?: Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information.

 

Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.

 

What?: The type of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:

Social Security number and transaction history
Account balances and checking account information
Account transactions and wire transfer instructions

 

When you are no longer a customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

 

How?: All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons the MFAM Funds choose to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.

 

Reasons we can share your personal information Do the MFAM Funds share? Can you limit this sharing?

For our everyday business purposes

such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus

Yes No

For our marketing purposes

to offer our products and services to you

Yes No
For joint marketing with other financial companies No We don’t share.
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your transactions and experiences Yes No
For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness No We don’t share.
For our affiliates to market to you Yes Yes
For nonaffiliates to market to you No We don’t share.

 

Visit us online: https://www.mfamfunds.com/website-privacy-policy/

 

Please note:

If you are a new customer, we can begin sharing your information 30 days from the days from the date we sent this notice. When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.

However, you can contact us at any time to limit our sharing.

 

Questions: Call 1-888-863-8803 or go to www.mfamfunds.com

 

42 

 

WHAT WE DO:

 

How do the MFAM Funds protect my personal information?

 

We collect your personal information, for example, when you:

Open an account or provide account information
Make deposits or withdrawals from your account
Make a wire transfer or tell us where to send the money

 

We also collect your personal information from other companies.

 

WHY CAN’T I LIMIT ALL SHARING?

 

Federal law gives you the right to limit only:

Sharing for affiliates everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness
Make deposits or withdrawals from your account
Sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you

 

State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

 

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN I LIMIT SHARING FOR AN ACCOUNT I HOLD JOINTLY WITH SOMEONE ELSE?

 

Your choices will apply to everyone on your account.

 

EUROPEAN UNION’S GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION

 

In addition to the above information, where applicable, you have the following rights under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and U.S. Privacy Laws, as applicable and to the extent permitted by law, to

Check whether we hold personal information about you and to access such data (in accordance with our policy)
Request the correction of personal information about you that is inaccurate
Have a copy of the personal information we hold about you provided to you or another “controller” where technically feasible
Request the erasure of your personal information
Request the restriction of processing concerning you

 

The legal grounds for processing of your personal information is for contractual necessity and compliance with law.

 

If you wish to exercise any of your rights above, please call: 1-888-863-8803.

 

You are required to ensure the personal information we hold about you is up-to-date and accurate and you must notify us of any changes to the personal data you provided to us.

 

MFAM Funds shall retain your personal data for as long as you are an investor in the Funds and thereafter as long as necessary to comply with applicable laws that require the Funds to retain your personal data, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission’s data retention rules. Your personal data will be transferred to the United States so that the Funds may provide the agreed upon services for you. No adequacy decision has been rendered by the European Commission as to the data protection of your personal data when transferring it to the United States. However, the Funds do take the security of your personal data seriously.

 

43 

 

DEFINITIONS:

 

Affiliates - Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

Our affiliates include companies with a Motley Fool name; financial companies such as Motley Fool Investment Management, LLC and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC; and nonfinancial companies such as The Motley Fool, LLC and The Motley Fool Holdings, Inc.

 

Nonaffiliates - Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.

MFAM does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.

 

Joint marketing - A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.

The MFAM Funds do not jointly market.

 

Controller - “Controller” means the natural or legal person, public authority, agency or other body which, alone or jointly with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes and means of such processing are determined by European Union or European Member State law, the controller or the specific criteria for its nomination may be provided for by European Union or European Member State law.

44 

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC
2000 Duke Street
Suite 275
Alexandria, Virginia 22314

 

ADMINISTRATOR AND
TRANSFER AGENT

 

U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 701

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701

 

CUSTODIAN

 

U.S. Bank, N.A.
1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212

 

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

[ ]

 

UNDERWRITER

 

Quasar Distributors, LLC
111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

 

LEGAL COUNSEL

 

Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
One Logan Square, Suite 2000
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996

 

45 

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION

 

For more information about the Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

 

Annual/Semiannual Reports

Once available, additional information about each Fund’s investments will be provided in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. The annual report will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected a Fund’s performance during their most recently completed fiscal year. The Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, once available, will be available at www.mfamfunds.com.

 

Statement of Additional Information

The SAI dated [ ] provides more details about the Funds and their policies. The current SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into (and is legally a part of) this Prospectus.

 

TO OBTAIN INFORMATION

 

The SAI is available, without charge, upon request along with the semiannual and annual reports (when available). To obtain a free copy of the SAI, semiannual or annual reports or if you have questions about the Funds:

 

By Internet

Go to www.mfamfunds.com.

 

By Telephone

Call 1-800-617-0004 or your securities dealer.

 

By Mail

Write to:

MFAM Funds

c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 701

Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701

 

From the SEC

Information about the Funds (including the SAI) and other information about the Fund are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at www.sec.gov, and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by sending an electronic request to [email protected].

 

Investment Company Act File Number 811-05518

 

 

Subject to Completion- Dated September 27, 2021

 

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

MFAM Global Opportunities ETF

(Cboe BZX: [ ])

MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF

(Cboe BZX: [ ])

Each a series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

______________________________

2000 Duke Street, Suite 275
Alexandria, VA 22314

Statement of

Additional Information

Dated [ ]

 

MFAM Global Opportunities ETF (the “Global Opportunities Fund”) and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF (the “Mid-Cap Growth Fund”) (each a “Fund” and together the “Funds” or “MFAM Funds”) are diversified series of The RBB Fund, Inc. (the “Company”), an open-end management investment company organized as a Maryland corporation on February 29, 1988.

 

Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (the “Adviser” or “MFAM”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds.

 

Information about the Funds is set forth in the prospectus dated [ ] (the “Prospectus”) and provides the basic information you should know before investing. The Funds are newly organized and have been created for the purpose of acquiring the assets and liabilities of a corresponding predecessor fund (as defined below). The audited financial statements and financial highlights of the predecessor funds are incorporated by reference from the predecessor funds’ annual reports to shareholders. To obtain a copy of the Prospectus and/or the Fund’s Annual or Semi-Annual Reports (when available), please write to MFAM Funds, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701, or call 1-800-617-0004. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus but contains information in addition to and more detailed than that set forth in the Prospectus. It is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the Prospectus. This SAI is intended to provide you with additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Funds and the Company, and it should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus.

 

 

 

Table of Contents

 

Fund History 3
Investment Policies and Practices 3
Investment Restrictions 11
Exchange Listing and Trading 12
Management of the Company 13
Code of Ethics 19
Principal Holders 19
Investment Advisory Agreement 20
Portfolio Managers 21
Underwriter 23
Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units 23
Portfolio Holdings Information 27
Determination of Net Asset Value 28
Dividends, Distributions, and Taxes 29
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage 30
Proxy Voting Procedures 32
Payments To Financial Intermediaries 32
Additional Information Concerning Company Shares 33
General Information 33
Financial Statements 34
Appendix A A- 1

 

 

 

FUND HISTORY

 

The Company is an open-end management investment company currently consisting of 41 separate portfolios. The Company is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and was organized as a Maryland corporation on February 29, 1988. This SAI pertains to shares of the Global Opportunities Fund and the Mid-Cap Growth Fund. Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (“MFAM” or the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds.

 

The investment objective of each Fund is to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

Each Fund offers and issues shares at its net asset value per share (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (each a “Creation Unit”). Each Fund also generally offers and issues shares in exchange for a basket of securities (“Deposit Securities”) together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (“Cash Component”). The Company reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. The shares of each Fund are listed on the Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) and trade on the Exchange at market prices. These prices may differ from the shares’ NAVs. The shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, and generally in exchange for portfolio securities and a specified cash payment. A Creation Unit of each Fund consists of at least 25,000 Shares.

 

Shares of each Fund may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Company cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Company may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption (the “Transaction Fee”). In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. Each Fund may charge, either in lieu or in addition to the fixed creation or redemption Transaction Fee, a variable fee for creations and redemptions in order to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction, up to a maximum of 2.00% of the NAV per Creation Unit, inclusive of any Transaction Fees charged (if applicable).

 

Each Fund is a separate series of the Company, and each Share of a Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in that Fund. All consideration received by the Company for a Fund’s Shares and all assets of a Fund belong solely to that Fund and would be subject to liabilities related thereto.

 

In connection with a reorganization, each Fund will assume the assets and liabilities of its predecessor fund as shown in the following table:

 

Predecessor Fund Fund
MFAM Global Opportunities Fund MFAM Global Opportunities ETF
MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF

 

All historical financial information and other information contained in this SAI relating to a Fund for periods prior to the closing of the Reorganization is that of the predecessor MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (“Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund”) and the predecessor MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (“Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund” and together with the Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund, the “Predecessor Funds”).

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES

 

Each Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies is described in the Prospectus. The sections below describe some of the different types of investments that may be made by each Fund as part of its non-principal investment strategy. The following information supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the Prospectus.

 

With respect to each Fund’s investments, unless otherwise noted, if a percentage limitation on investment is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a subsequent increase or decrease as a result of market movement or redemption will not result in a violation of such investment limitation.

 

Types of Equity Securities

 

In addition to common stock, the equity securities that the Funds may purchase include preferred and convertible preferred stocks, and securities having equity characteristics, such as rights, warrants, and convertible debt securities. Preferred stocks represent equity ownership interests in a corporation and participate in the corporation’s earnings through dividends that the corporation may declare. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are entitled to stated dividends payable from the corporation’s earnings, which in some cases may be “cumulative” if previous stated dividends have not been paid. Dividends payable on preferred stock have priority over distributions to holders of common stock, and preferred stocks generally have preferences on the distribution of assets in the event of the corporation’s liquidation. Preferred stocks may be “participating,” which means that they may be entitled to dividends in excess of the stated dividend, in certain cases. The rights of preferred stocks are generally subordinate to rights associated with a corporation’s debt securities.

 

Convertible Securities

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase convertible securities. These securities include convertible debt obligations and convertible preferred stock. A convertible security entitles the holder to exchange it for a fixed number of shares of common stock (or other equity security), usually at a fixed price within a specified period of time. Until conversion, the holder receives the interest paid on a convertible bond or the dividend preference of a preferred stock.

 

 

 

Convertible securities have an “investment value,” which is the theoretical value determined by the yield it provides in comparison with similar securities without the conversion feature. The investment value changes are based on prevailing interest rates and other factors. They also have a “conversion value,” which is the worth in market value if the security were exchanged for the underlying equity security. Conversion value fluctuates directly with the price of the underlying security. If conversion value is substantially below investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. If the conversion value is near or above investment value, the price of the convertible security generally will rise above investment value and may represent a premium over conversion value because of the combination of the convertible security’s right to interest (or dividend preference) and the possibility of capital appreciation from the conversion feature. A convertible security’s price, when price is influenced primarily by its conversion value, will generally yield less than a senior non-convertible security of comparable investment value. Convertible securities may be purchased at varying price levels above their investment values or conversion values. However, there is no assurance that any premium above investment value or conversion value will be recovered, because prices change, and, as a result, the ability to achieve capital appreciation through conversion may never occur.

 

Derivative Investments

 

As part of their non-principal investment strategies, the Funds may use certain derivative instruments in connection with their investment activities. Described below are the types of derivatives in which the Funds may invest, as well as information regarding the risks associated with Funds’ use of derivatives.

 

Derivatives, Generally

 

The Funds may invest in derivatives for a variety of reasons, including to gain access to certain securities, to provide a substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities, to hedge currency risk, or to seek capital appreciation. Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular derivative and the Funds’ portfolio as a whole. Derivatives may permit the Funds to increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its portfolio is exposed, in much the same way as the Funds can increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, of its portfolio by making investments in specific securities or currencies. Derivatives may entail investment exposures that are greater than their cost would suggest, meaning that a small investment in derivatives could have a large potential impact on the Funds’ performance.

 

Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or over the counter (“OTC”) through privately negotiated transactions. Exchange-traded derivatives generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency that is the issuer or counterparty to such derivatives. This guarantee usually is supported by a daily payment system (i.e., variation margin requirements) operated by the clearing agency in order to reduce settlement risks. As a result, unless the clearing agency defaults, there is relatively little counterparty credit risk associated with derivatives purchased on an exchange. By contrast, no clearing agency guarantees OTC derivatives. Therefore, each party to an OTC derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will default. Accordingly, the Adviser will consider the creditworthiness of counterparties to OTC derivatives in the same manner as it would review the credit quality of a security to be purchased by the Funds. OTC derivatives are less liquid than exchange-traded derivatives, since the other party to the transaction may be the only investor with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for it. Variable rate and floating-rate securities may also be considered a type of derivative.

 

To the extent a Fund invests in derivatives subject to regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), it will do so in accordance with Regulation 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”). The Company, on behalf of the Funds, has filed with the National Futures Association a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the CEA, and the regulations of the CFTC promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Funds’ operation. The Company is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO. However, the CFTC has adopted certain rule amendments that significantly affect the continued availability of this exclusion and may subject advisers to mutual funds to regulation by the CFTC. Although the Company has concluded that the Funds should be able to operate within the exclusion from CFTC regulation, there is no certainty that the Funds or the Company will be able to continue to rely on an exclusion from CFTC regulation in the future. The Funds may determine not to use investment strategies that trigger CFTC regulation or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation, if applicable. If a Fund operates subject to CFTC regulation, it may incur additional expenses.

 

In addition, in October 2020, the SEC adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies. The Funds will be required to implement and comply with new Rule 18f-4 by the third quarter of 2022. Once implemented, Rule 18f-4 will impose limits on the amount of derivatives a fund can enter into, eliminate the asset segregation framework currently used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the 1940 Act, treat derivatives as senior securities so that a failure to comply with the limits would result in a statutory violation and require funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure, which the Funds currently do not expect to exceed, to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.

 

Forward Foreign Currency Contracts

 

The Global Opportunities Fund is authorized to enter into forward foreign currency contracts. These contracts represent agreements to exchange an amount of currency at an agreed-upon future date and rate. The rate can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and such transactions do not involve commissions. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of the amount of foreign currency invested in an equity or fixed-income security of a foreign issuer (a “foreign security”), the Fund can hedge against possible variations in the value of the dollar versus the subject currency either between the date the foreign security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received (“transaction hedging”), or during the time the Fund holds the foreign security (“position hedging”). Hedging against a decline in the value of a currency through the use of forward contracts does not eliminate fluctuations in the prices of securities or prevent losses if the prices of securities decline. Hedging transactions precludes the opportunity for gain if the value of the hedged currency should rise. The Fund will not speculate in forward currency contracts. If the Fund enter into a position-hedging transaction, which is the sale of forward non-U.S. currency with respect to a security held by it and denominated in such foreign currency, the Company’s custodian will place cash or liquid securities in a separate account in an amount equal to the value of the Fund's total assets committed to the consummation of such forward contract. If the value of the securities placed in the account declines, additional cash or securities will be placed in the account so that the value of cash or securities in the account will equal the amount of the Funds’ commitments with respect to such contracts. Forward contracts will not be used in all cases and, in any event, cannot completely protect the Fund against all changes in the values of foreign securities resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

 

 

Warrants and Rights

 

Each of the Funds may invest in warrants and rights. These securities are forms of derivative instruments that have equity-like characteristics. Warrants are instruments that give the Funds the right to purchase certain securities from an issuer at a specific price (the “strike price”) for a limited period of time. The strike price of warrants typically is much lower than is the current market price of the underlying securities, yet they are subject to similar price fluctuations. As a result, warrants may be more volatile investments than are the underlying securities and may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying securities and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. In addition, the value of the warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised before the expiration date. These factors may make warrants more speculative than other types of investments. Rights are similar to warrants but normally have a short duration (usually two to four weeks) and are distributed directly by the issuer to its existing shareholders.

 

Total Return Swaps and Participatory Notes

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may enter into total return swaps and participatory notes, which are very similar to swaps but specific to a particular foreign market. A swap is a contract under which two parties agree to make payments to each other based on specified interest rates or the value of an index or other instrument, applied to a stated or “notional” amount. The Fund may use total return swaps and participatory notes to increase its investment exposure to particular foreign securities markets and foreign securities. These instruments are subject to various types of risks, including market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty credit risk, legal risk, and operations risk. In addition, they can involve significant economic leverage and risks of loss.

 

Diversification

 

As a “diversified” investment company, each Fund, with respect to 75% of its total assets, must limit its investment in the securities of any single issuer to not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds’ total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer (except that these limitations do not apply to investments in U.S. Government Securities and securities of other investment companies). However, to limit the risks associated with highly concentrated holdings, it is each Fund’s current policy (which may be changed by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”)) not to invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer. The Funds also intend to satisfy to the diversification requirements of the Code applicable to regulated investment companies.

 

Exchange-Traded Funds and Other Similar Instruments

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds that are registered under the 1940 Act (“ETFs”) and shares of similar investment vehicles that are not registered under the 1940 Act (together with the ETFs, “Traded Funds”). Typically, a Traded Fund holds a portfolio of common stocks designed to track the performance of a particular index or a “basket” of stocks of companies within a particular industry sector or group. Traded Funds sell and redeem their shares at NAV in large blocks (typically at least 25,000 shares) called “creation units.” Shares representing fractional interests in these creation units are listed for trading on national securities exchanges and can be purchased and sold in the secondary market in lots of any size at any time during the trading day. The Global Opportunities Fund does not invest in actively managed Traded Funds.

 

Investments in Traded Funds involve certain inherent risks generally associated with investments in a broadly based portfolio of stocks, including risks that the general level of stock prices may decline and thereby adversely affect the value of each unit of the Traded Fund. In addition, a Traded Fund may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index because of the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the Traded Fund and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or number of stocks held.

 

Because Traded Funds bear various fees and expenses, the Fund’s investment in these instruments will involve certain indirect costs, as well as transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions. The Adviser will consider the expenses associated with an investment in determining whether to invest in a Traded Fund. Furthermore, certain ETFs may be thinly traded and experience large spreads between the "ask" price quoted by a seller and the "bid" price quoted by a buyer.

 

Foreign Custody Risk

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may hold foreign securities and cash with foreign banks, agents, and securities depositories appointed by the Fund’s custodian (each a “Foreign Custodian”). Some Foreign Custodians may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business. In some countries, Foreign Custodians may be subject to little or no regulatory oversight over or independent evaluation of their operations. Further, the laws of certain countries may place limitations on the Global Opportunities Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a Foreign Custodian enters bankruptcy. Investments in emerging markets may be subject to even greater custody risks than investments in more developed markets. Custody services in emerging market countries are very often undeveloped and may be considerably less well-regulated than in more developed countries, and thus may not afford the same level of investor protection as would apply in developed countries.

 

 

 

Foreign Securities

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may invest, in equity and fixed-income securities of foreign companies, including companies located in both developed and emerging-market countries. Investment in foreign securities may include the purchase of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and other depositary receipts (European Depositary Receipts, Global Depositary Receipts and Non-Voting Depositary Receipts) that represent indirect interests in securities of foreign issuers. A significant portion of a Fund’s exposure to foreign investments may be composed of such investments. Investments in foreign securities are affected by risk factors generally not associated with investments in the securities of U.S. companies in the U.S. With respect to such securities, there may be more limited information publicly available concerning the issuer than would be the case with respect to domestic securities, foreign issuers may use different accounting standards, and foreign trading markets may not be as liquid as are U.S. markets. Foreign securities also involve such risks as currency risks, possible imposition of withholding or confiscatory taxes, possible currency transfer restrictions, expropriation or other adverse political or economic developments, and the difficulty of enforcing obligations in other countries. These risks may be greater in emerging-market countries and in less developed countries.

 

The purchase of securities denominated in foreign currencies will subject the value of the Fund’s investments in those securities to fluctuations caused by changes in foreign exchange rates. To hedge against the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, the Funds may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts (“forward contracts”). These contracts represent agreements to exchange an amount of currency at an agreed-upon future date and rate. The Fund will generally use forward contracts only to “lock in” the price in U.S. dollars of a foreign security that the Fund plans to purchase or to sell, but in certain limited cases, they may use such contracts to hedge against an anticipated substantial decline in the price of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar that would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of foreign securities held by the Fund. Forward contracts will not be used in all cases and, in any event, cannot completely protect the Fund against all changes in the values of foreign securities resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The Fund will not enter into a forward contract if, as a result, forward contracts would represent more than 20% of the Funds’ total assets. For hedging purposes, the Funds may also use options on foreign currencies, which expose the Funds to certain risks. See “DERIVATIVE INVESTMENTS — Options on Foreign Currency” and “INVESTMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES — Forward Contracts.”

 

Some foreign securities are traded in the U.S. in the form of ADRs. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities of foreign issuers. European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) are receipts typically issued by foreign banks or trust companies, evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or U.S. issuer. Non-Voting Depositary Receipts (“NVDRs”) are listed securities through which investors receive the same financial benefits as those who invest directly in a company’s ordinary shares; however, unlike ordinary shareholders, NVDR holders cannot be involved in proxy voting if the company solicits votes from shareholders. Investments in NVDRs involve certain risks unique to foreign investments. Generally, depositary receipts in registered form are designed for use in the U.S. and depositary receipts in bearer form are designed for use in securities markets outside the U.S. Depositary receipts may not necessarily have the same currency denomination as the underlying securities into which they may be converted. Depositary receipts generally involve the same risks as do other investments in foreign securities. However, holders of ADRs and other depositary receipts may not have all the legal rights of shareholders and may experience difficulty in receiving shareholder communications.

 

European countries can be affected by the significant fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) imposes for membership. Europe’s economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Several European Union (“EU”) countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, have faced budget issues, some of which may have negative long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit the ability of EMU member countries to implement monetary policy to address regional economic conditions.

 

In June of 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) approved a referendum to leave the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” which sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound and heightened risk of continued worldwide economic volatility. Pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon, the UK gave notice in March 2017 of its withdrawal from the EU and commenced negotiations on the terms of withdrawal. Following years of negotiations and multiple withdrawal deadline extensions, the UK withdrew from the EU on January 31, 2020. The UK began a transition period in which to negotiate a new trading relationship for goods and services that ended on December 31, 2020. On January 1, 2021, the UK left the EU Single Market and Customs Union, as well as all EU policies and international agreements. On December 24, 2020, the UK and EU agreed to a trade deal with no tariffs or quotas on products, regulatory and customs cooperation mechanisms as well as provisions ensuring a level playing field for open and fair competition. In March 2021, the UK and EU put in place a regulatory dialogue on financial systems based on a separate memorandum of understanding. Since the referendum, there have been periods of significant volatility in the global stock markets and currency exchange rates, as well as challenging market conditions in the UK. At this time, the impact that the trade deal and any future agreements on services, particularly financial services, will have on the Funds cannot be predicted, and it is possible that the new terms may adversely affect the Funds.

 

Special Corporate Situation Investments

 

Each Fund may invest a portion of its total assets in securities of companies that may be involved in special corporate situations, the occurrence of which would favorably affect the values of the companies’ equity securities. Such situations could include, among other developments, a change in management or management policies; the acquisition of a significant equity position in the company by an investor or investor group; a merger, a reorganization, or the sale of a division; the spinoff of a subsidiary, division, or other substantial assets; or a third-party or issuer tender offer. The primary risk of this type of investing is that if the contemplated event does not occur or if a proposed transaction is abandoned, revised, or delayed or becomes subject to unanticipated uncertainties, the market price of the securities may decline below the purchase price a Fund paid.

 

In general, securities that are the subject of a special corporate situation sell at a premium to their market prices immediately following the announcement of the situation. However, the increased market price of these securities may nonetheless represent a discount from what the stated or appraised value of the security would be if the contemplated transaction were approved or consummated. These investments may be advantageous when the following occur: (1) the discount significantly overstates the risk of the contingencies involved; (2) the discount significantly undervalues the securities, assets, or cash to be received by shareholders of the prospective portfolio company as a result of the contemplated transactions; or (3) the discount fails adequately to recognize the possibility that the offer or proposal may be replaced or superseded by an offer or proposal of greater value. The evaluation of these contingencies requires unusually broad knowledge and experience on the part of the Adviser, which must appraise not only the value of the issuer and its component businesses as well as the assets or securities to be received as a result of the contemplated transaction, but also the financial resources and business motivation of the offer or, as well as the dynamics of the business climate when the offer or proposal is in progress.

 

 

 

A Fund’s special corporate situation investments may tend to increase its portfolio turnover ratio and thereby increase brokerage commissions and other transaction expenses. However, the Adviser attempts to select investments of the type described that, in its view, also have a reasonable prospect of significant capital appreciation over the long term.

 

Types of Equity Securities

 

In addition to common stock, the equity securities that the Global Opportunities Fund may purchase include preferred and convertible preferred stocks, and securities having equity characteristics, such as rights, warrants, and convertible debt securities. The Mid-Cap Growth Fund may invest in securities having equity characteristics, such as rights and warrants. Preferred stocks represent equity ownership interests in a corporation and participate in the corporation’s earnings through dividends that the corporation may declare. Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks are entitled to stated dividends payable from the corporation’s earnings, which in some cases may be “cumulative” if previous stated dividends have not been paid. Dividends payable on preferred stock have priority over distributions to holders of common stock, and preferred stocks generally have preferences on the distribution of assets in the event of the corporation’s liquidation. Preferred stocks may be “participating,” which means that they may be entitled to dividends in excess of the stated dividend, in certain cases. The rights of preferred stocks are generally subordinate to rights associated with a corporation’s debt securities.

 

Types of Fixed-Income Securities

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may invest in bonds and other types of debt obligations of U.S. and foreign issuers. Fixed-income securities purchased by the Fund may include, among others, bonds, notes, and debentures issued by corporations; debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”); municipal securities; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and debt securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, their agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions, or by government-owned, -controlled, or -sponsored entities, including central banks. These investments also include money market instruments and other types of obligations. Investors should recognize that, although securities ratings issued by S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and Moody’s Investors Services©, Inc. (“Moody’s”), provide a generally useful guide as to credit risks, they do not offer any criteria to evaluate interest rate risk. A description of the ratings that the Adviser deems most relevant to the Fund is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI. Changes in interest rate levels generally cause fluctuations in the prices of fixed-income securities and will, therefore, cause fluctuations in the NAV per share of the Fund. Subsequent to the purchase of a fixed-income security by the Fund, the ratings or credit quality of such security may deteriorate. Any such subsequent adverse changes in the rating or quality of a security held by the Fund would not require the Fund to sell the security.

 

Zero-Coupon Securities

 

Fixed-income securities purchased by the Global Opportunities Fund may include zero-coupon securities. These securities do not pay any interest until maturity, and for this reason, zero-coupon securities of longer maturities may trade at a deep discount from their face or par values and may be subject to greater fluctuations in market value than would ordinary debt obligations of comparable maturity. Current federal tax law requires the holder of a zero-coupon security to accrue a portion of the discount at which the security was purchased as income each year, even though the holder receives no interest payment that year.

 

Variable- and Floating-Rate Securities

 

Fixed-income securities purchased by the Global Opportunities Fund may also include variable- and floating-rate securities. The interest rates payable on these securities are adjusted either at pre-designated periodic intervals or whenever there is a change in an established market rate of interest. Other features may include a right whereby the Global Opportunities Fund may demand prepayment of the principal amount before the stated maturity (a “demand feature”) and the right of an issuer to prepay the principal amount before maturity. One benefit of variable- and floating-rate securities is that because of interest rate adjustments on the obligation, changes in market value that would normally result from fluctuations in prevailing interest rates are reduced. One benefit of a demand feature is enhanced liquidity.

 

Non-Investment-Grade Debt Securities

 

As discussed in the Prospectus, the Global Opportunities Fund may invest in both investment-grade and non-investment-grade debt securities (including high-yield bonds). Non-investment-grade debt securities (typically called “junk bonds”) are securities considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal.

 

Companies that issue these securities often are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Therefore, the risks associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally are greater than is the case with higher-grade securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of these securities may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations also may be affected adversely by specific corporate developments, forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss because of default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of these securities, because such securities generally are unsecured and often are subordinated to other creditors of the issuer.

 

 

 

Because there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities, the Global Opportunities Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market for these securities does exist, it generally is not as liquid as is the secondary market for higher-grade securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on market price and yield, as well as on the Global Opportunities Fund’s ability to dispose of particular issues when necessary to meet the Global Opportunities Fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities also may make it more difficult for the Global Opportunities Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing the Global Opportunities Fund’s portfolio and calculating its NAV. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions may decrease the values and liquidity of these securities. In such cases, judgment may play a greater role in valuation, because of a lack of reliable, objective data.

 

These securities may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns. It is likely that an economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.

 

The Global Opportunities Fund may acquire these securities during an initial offering. Such securities may involve special risks because they are new issues. The Global Opportunities Fund has no arrangement with any person concerning the acquisition of such securities, and the Adviser will review the credit and other characteristics pertinent to such new issues.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

Each Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), which are pooled investment vehicles that manage a portfolio of real estate or real estate-related loans to earn profits for their shareholders. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to the risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, and mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of the borrower on any credit extended. REITs are dependent on management skills, may not be diversified geographically or by property type, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers, and self-liquidation. REITs must also meet certain requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to avoid entity-level tax and be eligible to pass through certain tax attributes of their income to shareholders. REITs are consequently subject to the risk of failing to meet these requirements for favorable tax treatment and of failing to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs are also subject to the risks of changes in the Code that could affect their tax status.

 

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT’s investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable-rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT’s investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, and as a result, the value of such investments will fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.

 

The management of a REIT may be subject to conflicts of interest with respect to the operation of the business of the REIT and may be involved in real estate activities competitive with the REIT. REITs may own properties through joint ventures or in other circumstances in which a REIT may not have control over its investments. REITs may use significant amounts of leverage.

 

REITs often do not provide complete tax information until after the end of the calendar year. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for the Funds, if invested in REITs, to request permission to extend the deadline for issuance of Forms 1099-DIV. Alternatively, amended Forms 1099-DIV may be sent. The REIT investments of a Fund may not provide complete tax information to the Fund until after the calendar year-end. Consequently, because of the delay, it may be necessary for the Fund to request permission to extend the deadline for issuance of Forms 1099-DIV beyond January 31. Also, under current provisions of the Code, distributions attributable to operating income of REITs in which a Fund invests are not eligible for favorable tax treatment as long-term capital gains and will be taxable to you as ordinary income. A Fund, however, may designate such distributions as “section 199A dividends” to the extent of the excess of the ordinary REIT dividends, other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income, that the Fund receives from a REIT for a taxable year over the Fund’s expenses allocable to such dividends. Section 199A dividends may be taxed to individuals and other non-corporate shareholders at a reduced effective federal income tax rate, provided you have satisfied a holding period requirement for the Fund’s shares and satisfied certain other conditions.

 

Securities of Other Investment Companies

 

Each Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including shares of money market funds. As stated above, the Global Opportunities Fund may invest in ETF shares. The Mid Cap Growth Fund may not invest in ETFs or closed-end funds. A Fund’s investment in securities of other investment companies (other than shares of money market funds and of certain ETFs) may be subject to certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act -- generally, a prohibition on acquiring more than 3 percent of the outstanding voting stock of another investment company. Investment companies such as ETFs and money market funds pay investment advisory and other fees and incur various expenses in connection with their operations. When the Funds invest in another investment company, shareholders of the Funds will indirectly bear these fees and expenses, which will be in addition to the fees and expenses of the Funds.

 

 

Master Limited Partnerships

 

Each Fund may invest in master limited partnerships (“MLPs”), which are publicly traded companies organized as limited partnerships or limited liability companies and treated as partnerships for U.S. federal tax purposes. MLPs combine the tax advantages of a partnership with the liquidity of a publicly traded stock. MLP income is generally not subject to entity-level tax. Instead, an MLP’s income, gain, loss, deductions, and other tax items pass through to common unitholders. If tax were to be required to be paid by the MLP at the entity level, the value of the MLP interests held by a Fund would be expected to decrease.

 

MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (“MQD”). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent that the MQD is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the MQD. However, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner that causes distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier at which it receives 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unit holders. These incentive distributions encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures, and acquire assets in order to increase the partnership’s cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.

 

Illiquid Investments

 

Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, each of the Funds may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment as defined in Rule 22e-4 is an investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions within 7 calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. These investments may include restricted securities and repurchase agreements maturing in more than 7 days. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and thus may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Subject to the adoption of guidelines by the Board, certain restricted securities that may be sold to institutional investors pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and non-exempt commercial paper may be determined to be liquid by the Adviser. Illiquid investments involve the risk that the investments will not be able to be sold at the time the Adviser desires or at prices approximating the value at which a Fund is carrying the investments. To the extent an investment held by a Fund is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, the Fund will be exposed to a greater liquidity risk.

 

The Company has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4. If the limitation on illiquid securities is exceeded, other than by a change in market values, the condition will be reported to the Board and, when required by the Liquidity Rule, to the SEC.

The impact the Liquidity Rule will have on the Funds is not yet fully known, but the Liquidity Rule could impact a Fund’s performance and its ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Temporary Investments

 

During periods of adverse market or economic conditions, each Fund may temporarily invest all or a substantial portion of its assets in high-quality, fixed-income securities, money market instruments, and shares of money market mutual funds, or it may hold cash. At such times, a Fund would not be pursuing its stated investment objective with its usual investment strategies. Each Fund may also hold these investments for liquidity purposes. Fixed-income securities will be deemed to be of high quality if they are rated “A” or better by S&P or Moody’s or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Adviser. Money market instruments are high-quality, short-term fixed-income obligations (which generally have remaining maturities of one year or less) and may include U.S. Government Securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and banker’s acceptances issued by domestic branches of U.S. banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and repurchase agreements for U.S. Government Securities. In lieu of purchasing money market instruments, each Fund may purchase shares of money market mutual funds that invest primarily in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements involving those securities, subject to certain limitations imposed by the 1940 Act. Each Fund, as an investor in a money market fund, will indirectly bear that fund’s fees and expenses, which will be in addition to the fees and expenses of the Fund. Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in debt securities.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

Although the Funds generally do not intend to engage in short-term trading, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the time they have been held when investment considerations warrant such action. It is expected that each Fund’s portfolio turnover rate will not exceed 100%. A higher portfolio turnover rate would result in higher brokerage costs to a Fund and could also result in the realization of larger amounts of capital gains, including short-term capital gains. Capital gains are generally taxable when distributed to shareholders, and distributions of short-term capital gains are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. For the fiscal years ended August 31, 2021 and August 31, 2020, the portfolio turnover rates for the Predecessor Funds can be found below.

 

 

 

  

For the Fiscal Year

Ended August 31, 2021

  For the Fiscal Year Ended August 31, 2020 
Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund   [ ] %   26%
Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund   [ ] %   27%

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements involving the types of securities eligible for purchase by the Fund. However, there is no limitation on the maturity of the securities underlying the repurchase agreements. The Funds may use repurchase agreements in lieu of purchasing money market instruments.

 

Repurchase agreements, which may be viewed as a type of secured lending by the Funds, typically involve the acquisition by a Fund of U.S. Government Securities or other securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association, or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Funds will sell back to the institution, and that the institution will repurchase, the underlying security (“collateral”) at a specified price and at a fixed time in the future, usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The Funds will receive interest from the institution until the time the repurchase is to occur. Although such date is deemed to be the maturity date of a repurchase agreement, the maturities of securities subject to repurchase agreements are not subject to any limits and may exceed one year.

 

Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in debt securities. If the seller under a repurchase agreement becomes insolvent, a Fund’s right to dispose of the securities may be restricted, or the value of the securities may decline before the Fund is able to dispose of them. In the event of the commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the securities before the repurchase of the securities under a repurchase agreement is accomplished, a Fund may encounter delay and incur costs, including a decline in the value of the securities, before being able to sell the securities. If the seller defaults, the value of such securities may decline before a Fund is able to dispose of them. If a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement that is subject to foreign law and the other party defaults, the Fund may not enjoy protections comparable to those provided to certain repurchase agreements under U.S. bankruptcy law and may suffer delays and losses in disposing of the collateral as a result.

 

The Funds have adopted procedures designed to minimize the risks of loss from repurchase agreement transactions. These procedures include a requirement that the Adviser effect repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized U.S. financial institutions that the Adviser approves as creditworthy based on periodic review under guidelines established and monitored by the Board. In addition, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, which the Company’s custodian will hold on behalf of the Funds, will always be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Funds will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of a Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss.

 

Lending Portfolio Securities

 

Each Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and financial institutions in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets. These loans will be secured by collateral (consisting of cash, U.S. Government Securities, or irrevocable letters of credit) maintained in an amount equal to at least 100% of the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. Each Fund may, subject to certain notice requirements, at any time call the loan and obtain the return of the securities loaned. The Funds will be entitled to payments equal to the interest and dividends on the loaned securities and may receive a premium for lending the securities. The advantage of such loans is that a Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term investments.

 

A loan may be terminated by the borrower on one business day’s notice, or by the Company on two business days’ notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within four days after receipt of notice, the Company may use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost exceeding the collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and, in some cases, even loss of rights in the collateral, should the borrower of the securities fail financially. In addition, securities lending involves a form of leverage, and a Fund may incur a loss if securities purchased with the collateral from securities loans decline in value or if the income earned does not cover the Fund’s transaction costs. However, loans of securities will be made only to companies the Board deems to be creditworthy (such creditworthiness will be monitored on an ongoing basis) and when the income that can be earned from such loans justifies the attendant risks. Upon termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Funds.

 

When voting or consent rights that accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Company will follow the policy of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a material effect on the investment in such loaned securities. The Funds will pay reasonable finder’s, administrative, and custodial fees in connection with loans of securities. The Funds may lend foreign securities consistent with the foregoing requirements.

 

LIBOR Risk

 

Many financial instruments may be tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or “LIBOR,” to determine payment obligations, financing terms, hedging strategies, or investment value. LIBOR is the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks. On July 27, 2017, the head of the UK Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced a desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. The FCA and ICE Benchmark Administrator have since announced that most LIBOR settings will no longer be published after December 31, 2021 and a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease publication after June 30, 2023. It is possible that a subset of LIBOR settings will be published after these dates on a “synthetic” basis, but any such publications would be considered non-representative of the underlying market. The U.S. Federal Reserve, based on the recommendations of the New York Federal Reserve's Alternative Reference Rate Committee (comprised of major derivative market participants and their regulators), has begun publishing SOFR that is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR. Proposals for alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced or have already begun publication. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new reference rates. Uncertainty related to the liquidity impact of the change in rates, and how to appropriately adjust these rates at the time of transition, poses risks for the Funds. The effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR on the Funds will depend on, among other things, (1) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (2) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new instruments and contracts. The expected discontinuation of LIBOR could have a significant impact on the financial markets in general and may also present heightened risk to market participants, including public companies, investment advisers, investment companies, and broker-dealers. The risks associated with this discontinuation and transition will be exacerbated if the work necessary to effect an orderly transition to an alternative reference rate is not completed in a timely manner. For example, current information technology systems may be unable to accommodate new instruments and rates with features that differ from LIBOR. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the transition away from LIBOR on the Funds until new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new instruments and contracts are commercially accepted and market practices become settled.

 

10 

 

Pandemic Risk 

 

Disease outbreaks that affect local economies or the global economy may materially and adversely impact the Funds and/or the Adviser’s business. For example, uncertainties regarding the novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak have resulted in serious economic disruptions across the globe. These types of outbreaks can be expected to cause severe decreases in core business activities such as manufacturing, purchasing, tourism, business conferences and workplace participation, among others. These disruptions lead to instability in the market place, including stock market losses and overall volatility, as has occurred in connection with COVID-19. In the face of such instability, governments may take extreme and unpredictable measures to combat the spread of disease and mitigate the resulting market disruptions and losses. The Adviser has in place business continuity plans reasonably designed to ensure that it maintains normal business operations, and it periodically tests those plans. However, in the event of a pandemic or an outbreak, there can be no assurance that the Adviser or the Funds’ service providers will be able to maintain normal business operations for an extended period of time or will not lose the services of key personnel on a temporary or long-term basis due to illness or other reasons. Although vaccines for COVID-19 are becoming more widely available, the full impacts of a pandemic or disease outbreaks are unknown and the pace of recovery may vary from market to market, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty for potentially extended periods of time.

 

Cyber Security Risk

 

Each Fund and its service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional events that may cause a Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, or lose operational capacity. Breaches in cyber security include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber-attacks. Cyber security breaches affecting a Fund or the Adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Funds. For instance, cyber security breaches may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAVs, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential business information, impede trading, subject a Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses and/or cause reputational damage. Each Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which each Fund may invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause a Fund’s investment in such companies to lose value. While each Fund and its service providers have established IT and data security programs and have in place business continuity plans and other systems designed to prevent losses and mitigate cyber security risk, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that cyber-attacks may be highly sophisticated. Furthermore, the Funds have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cyber security incidents affecting third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Funds or the Adviser.

 

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

 

The Company has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to each Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed with respect to each Fund without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities. For the purposes of the 1940 Act, a “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at the meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

Except with the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities, each Fund may not:

 

1.Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of issuers engaged in any single industry or group of industries, provided that this does not apply to U.S. Government Securities.

 

2.With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of any one issuer or purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, except that these limitations do not apply to investments in U.S. Government Securities and securities of other investment companies.

 

11 

 

3.Purchase or sell commodities, except that each Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency, as well as options on foreign currency and financial futures contracts, and may enter into forward foreign currency contracts in connection with its investments in foreign securities, in accordance with such investment policies as the Board may adopt and subject to applicable regulatory limitations.

 

4.Purchase or sell real estate or interests therein, or purchase oil, gas, or other mineral leases, rights or royalty contracts or development programs, except that the Fund may invest in the securities of issuers engaged in the foregoing activities and may invest in securities secured by real estate or interests therein.

 

5.Issue senior securities as defined by the 1940 Act or borrow money, except that each Fund may borrow from banks for temporary extraordinary or emergency purposes (but not for investment) in an amount up to 10% of the value of its total assets (calculated at the time of the borrowing). Each Fund may not make additional investments while it has any borrowings outstanding. This restriction shall not be deemed to prohibit each Fund from purchasing or selling securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, or entering into reverse repurchase agreements, lending portfolio securities, selling securities short, purchasing or selling financial futures contracts, writing covered put and call options on securities, stock indices, and foreign currencies, or entering into swaps and other forms of derivative transactions, in each case in accordance with such investment policies as the Board may adopt and provided that the Fund segregates assets on the records of its custodian to cover these positions. (The foregoing transactions, other than borrowing money, are not considered to involve the issuance of senior securities provided that cash and liquid securities segregated by a Fund are maintained in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s obligations in connection with those transactions in accordance with applicable interpretations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and its staff.)

 

6.Underwrite the securities of other issuers, except to the extent that a Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities.

 

7.Make loans of money or securities, except that a Fund may lend money through the purchase of permitted investments, including repurchase agreements, and may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund’s total assets.

 

Group of related industries is defined as three or more industries based on the Adviser’s classification for the purpose of this section.

 

Notwithstanding any restrictions relating to entering into reverse repurchase agreements, selling securities short, purchasing or selling financial futures contracts, or writing covered put and call options on securities, stock indices, and foreign currencies, the Funds do not engage in these types of activities.

 

Each Fund has adopted the following additional investment restrictions, which are not fundamental and which the Board may change. Under these restrictions, a Fund may not:

 

1.Invest in the securities of a company for the purpose of exercising management or control; however, this limitation shall not be deemed to prohibit the Fund from exercising voting rights with respect to its portfolio securities.

 

2.Pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, or otherwise encumber its assets, except in an amount not to exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Funds’ total assets to secure permitted borrowings and to implement collateral and similar arrangements incident to permitted investment practices.

 

3.Purchase securities that are illiquid, including repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of a Fund’s net assets would be so invested.

 

4.Purchase securities of other investment companies, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

and the Mid-Cap Growth Fund may not:

 

5.Make any change in its policy to invest 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities of U.S. companies under normal market conditions unless it provides its shareholders with at least 60 days prior written notice.

 

Except with respect to borrowing, and as otherwise may be stated, all percentage limitations on the Funds’ investment practices set forth in this SAI and the Prospectus apply at the time of an investment or a transaction, and a subsequent change in percentage resulting from a change in value of the investment or the total value of the Funds’ assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.

 

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

 

Shares are listed for trading and trade throughout the day on the Exchange.

 

There can be no assurance that either Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares. The Exchange will consider the suspension of trading in, and will initiate delisting proceedings of, the shares of a Fund under any of the following circumstances: (i) if any of the requirements set forth in the Exchange rules are not continuously maintained; (ii) if the Exchange files separate proposals under Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and any of the statements regarding (a) the description of the Fund; (b) limitations on the Fund’s portfolio holdings or reference assets; (c) dissemination and availability of the intraday indicative values; or (d) the applicability of the Exchange listing rules specified in such proposals are not continuously maintained; (iii) if, following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of shares of the Fund; (iv) if the intraday indicative value is no longer disseminated at least every 15 seconds during the Exchange’s regular market session and the interruption to the dissemination persists past the trading day in which it occurred; or (v) such other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the shares from listing and trading upon termination of a Fund.

 

12 

 

 

The Company reserves the right to adjust the price levels of its shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds.

 

To provide additional information regarding the indicative value of shares, the Exchange or a market data vendor disseminates information every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or other widely disseminated means, an updated “intraday indicative value” (“IIV”) for a Fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The Company is not involved in or responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs.

 

MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY

 

The business and affairs of the Company are managed under the oversight of the Board, subject to the laws of the State of Maryland and the Company’s Charter. The Directors are responsible for deciding matters of overall policy and overseeing the actions of the Company’s service providers. The officers of the Company conduct and supervise the Company’s daily business operations.

 

Directors who are not deemed to be “interested persons” of the Company (as defined in the 1940 Act) are referred to as “Independent Directors.” Directors who are deemed to be “interested persons” of the Company are referred to as “Interested Directors.” The Board is currently composed of seven Independent Directors and one Interested Director. The Board has selected Arnold M. Reichman, an Independent Director, to act as Chairman. Mr. Reichman’s duties include presiding at meetings of the Board and interfacing with management to address significant issues that may arise between regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings. In the performance of his duties, Mr. Reichman will consult with the other Independent Directors and the Company’s officers and legal counsel, as appropriate. The Chairman may perform other functions as requested by the Board from time to time.

 

The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. Currently, the Board conducts regular, in-person meetings at least four times a year, and holds special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting. The Board also relies on professionals, such as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firms and legal counsel, to assist the Directors in performing their oversight responsibilities.

 

The Board has established eight standing committees — Audit, Contract, Executive, Nominating and Governance, Product Development, Regulatory Oversight, Strategic Oversight, and Valuation Committees. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Directors to examine particular issues related to the Board’s oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board. For more information on the Committees, see the section entitled “Standing Committees.”

 

The Board has determined that the Company’s leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Board to effectively perform its oversight responsibilities.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The Directors and executive officers of the Company, their ages, business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years are set forth in this section.

 

13 

 

Name,
Address, and
Age
Position(s)
Held with
Company

Term of Office

and Length

of

Time Served1

Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5
Years
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by Director*
Other
Directorships
Held by Director
in the Past 5
Years
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS
Julian A. Brodsky
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 87
Director 1988 to present From 1969 to 2011, Director and Vice Chairman, Comcast Corporation (cable television and communications). 48 AMDOCS Limited (service provider to telecommunications companies).
J. Richard Carnall
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 82
Director 2002 to present Since 1984, Director of Haydon Bolts, Inc. (bolt manufacturer) and Parkway Real Estate Company (subsidiary of Haydon Bolts, Inc.); since 2004, Director of Cornerstone Bank. 48 None.
Gregory P. Chandler
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 54
Director 2012 to present

Since 2020, Chief Financial Officer, Herspiegel Consulting LLC (life sciences consulting services); 2020, Chief Financial Officer, Avocado Systems Inc. (cyber security software provider); 2009-2020, Chief Financial Officer, Emtec, Inc. (information technology consulting/services).

 

48 Emtec, Inc. (until December 2019); FS Investment Corporation (business development company) (until December 2018); FS Energy and Power Fund (business development company);
Wilmington Funds (12 portfolios) (registered investment company).
Nicholas A. Giordano
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 78
Director 2006 to present Since 1997, Consultant, financial services organizations. 48 IntriCon Corporation (biomedical device
manufacturer); Kalmar Pooled Investment Trust (registered investment company) (until September 2017); Wilmington Funds (12 portfolios) (registered investment company); Independence Blue Cross (healthcare insurance).
Arnold M. Reichman
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI
53202
Age: 72
Chairman

Director
2005 to present

1991 to present
Retired. 48 Independent Trustee EIP Investment Trust (registered investment company).
Brian T. Shea
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 60
Director 2018 to present From 2014-2017, Chief Executive Officer, BNY Mellon Investment Services (fund services, global custodian and securities clearing firm); from 1983-2014, Chief Executive Officer and various positions, Pershing LLC (broker dealer, clearing and custody firm). 48 WisdomTree Investments, Inc. (asset management company) (until March 2019); Fidelity National Information Services, Inc. (financial services technology company); Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (financial services company).
Robert A. Straniere
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 80
Director 2006 to present Since 2009, Administrative Law Judge, New York City; since 1980, Founding Partner, Straniere Law Group (law firm). 48  None.

 

14 

 

Name,
Address, and
Age
Position(s)
Held with
Company

Term of Office

and Length

of

Time Served1

Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5
Years
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by Director*
Other
Directorships
Held by Director
in the Past 5
Years
INTERESTED DIRECTOR2
Robert Sablowsky
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 82
Vice Chairman

Director
2016 to present


1991 to present
Since 2002, Senior Director – Investments and, prior thereto, Executive Vice President, of Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. (a registered broker-dealer). 48 None.
OFFICERS
Salvatore Faia, JD,
CPA, CFE
Vigilant Compliance, LLC
Gateway Corporate
Center Suite 216
223 Wilmington West
Chester Pike
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Age: 58
President

Chief Compliance Officer
2009 to present

2004 to present
Since 2004, President, Vigilant Compliance, LLC (investment management services company); since 2005, Independent Trustee of EIP Investment Trust (registered investment company). Since 2021, President and Chief Compliance Officer of Penn Capital Funds Trust. N/A N/A
James G. Shaw
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 60
Treasurer
and
Secretary
2016 to present Treasurer and Secretary of The RBB Fund, Inc. (since 2016) and Penn Capital Funds Trust (since 2021); from 2005 to 2016, Assistant Treasurer of The RBB Fund, Inc.; from 1995 to 2016, Senior Director and Vice President of BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (financial services company). N/A N/A
Craig A. Urciuoli
615 East Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 46
Director of Marketing & Business Development 2019 to present Director of Marketing & Business Development of The RBB Fund, Inc. (since 2019) and Penn Capital Funds Trust (since 2021); from 2000-2019, Managing Director, Third Avenue Management LLC. N/A N/A
Jennifer Witt
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 38
Assistant Treasurer 2018 to present Since 2016, Assistant Vice President, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (fund administrative services firm); from 2007 to 2016, Supervisor, Nuveen Investments (registered investment company). N/A N/A
Edward Paz
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 50
Assistant Secretary 2016 to present Since 2007, Vice President and Counsel, U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (fund administrative services firm). N/A N/A
Michael P. Malloy
One Logan Square
Ste. 2000
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Age: 61
Assistant
Secretary
1999 to present Since 1993, Partner, Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (law firm). N/A N/A

 

15 

 

Name,
Address, and
Age
Position(s)
Held with
Company

Term of Office

and Length

of

Time Served1

Principal
Occupation(s)
During Past 5
Years
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen by Director*
Other
Directorships
Held by Director
in the Past 5
Years
Jillian L. Bosmann
One Logan Square
Ste. 2000
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Age: 42
Assistant
Secretary
2017 to present Partner, Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (law firm) (2017-Present); Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP (2006-Present). N/A N/A

 

*Each Director oversees 48 portfolios of the fund complex, consisting of the series in the Company and Penn Capital Funds Trust (7 portfolios).
1.Subject to the Company’s Retirement Policy, each Director may continue to serve as a Director until the last day of the calendar year in which the applicable Director attains age 75 or until his successor is elected and qualified or his death, resignation or removal. The Board reserves the right to waive the requirements of the Policy with respect to an individual Director. The Board has approved waivers of the policy with respect to Messrs. Brodsky, Carnall, Giordano, Sablowsky and Straniere. Each officer holds office at the pleasure of the Board until the next special meeting of the Company or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, or until he or she dies, resigns or is removed.
2.Mr. Sablowsky is considered an “interested person” of the Company as that term is defined in the 1940 Act and is referred to as an “Interested Director.” Mr. Sablowsky is considered an “Interested Director” of the Company by virtue of his position as an employee of Oppenheimer & Co., Inc., a registered broker-dealer.

 

Director Experience, Qualifications, Attributes and/or Skills

 

The information above includes each Director’s principal occupations during the last five years. Each Director possesses extensive additional experience, skills and attributes relevant to his qualifications to serve as a Director. The cumulative background of each Director led to the conclusion that each Director should serve as a Director of the Company. Mr. Giordano has years of experience as a consultant to financial services organizations and also serves on the boards of other registered investment companies. Mr. Reichman brings decades of investment management experience to the Board, in addition to senior executive-level management experience. Mr. Straniere has been a practicing attorney for over 30 years and also serves on the boards of an asset management company and another registered investment company. Mr. Brodsky has over 40 years of senior executive level management experience in the cable television and communications industry. Mr. Sablowsky has demonstrated leadership and management abilities as evidenced by his senior executive-level positions in the financial services industry. Mr. Carnall has decades of senior executive-level management experience in the banking and financial services industry and also serves on the boards of various corporations and a bank. Mr. Chandler has demonstrated leadership and management abilities as evidenced by his senior executive level positions in the investment technology consulting/services and investment banking/brokerage industries, and also serves on various boards. Mr. Shea has demonstrated leadership and management abilities as evidenced by his senior executive-level positions in the brokerage, clearing and investment services industry, including service on the boards of industry regulatory organizations and a university.

 

Standing Committees

 

The responsibilities of each Committee of the Board and its members are described below.

 

Audit Committee. The Board has an Audit Committee comprised of three Independent Directors. The current members of the Audit Committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Chandler and Giordano. The Audit Committee, among other things, reviews results of the annual audit and approves the firm(s) to serve as independent auditors. The Audit Committee convened six times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Contract Committee. The Board has a Contract Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Contract Committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Chandler, Sablowsky and Straniere. The Contract Committee reviews and makes recommendations to the Board regarding the approval and continuation of agreements and plans of the Company. The Contract Committee convened six times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Executive Committee. The Board has an Executive Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Executive Committee are Messrs. Chandler, Giordano, Reichman and Sablowsky. The Executive Committee may generally carry on and manage the business of the Company when the Board is not in session. The Executive Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board has a Nominating and Governance Committee comprised of four Independent Directors. The current members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Messrs. Brodsky, Carnall, Giordano and Reichman. The Nominating and Governance Committee recommends to the Board all persons to be nominated as Directors of the Company. The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Recommendations should be submitted to the Committee care of the Company’s Secretary. The Nominating and Governance Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Product Development Committee. The Board has a Product Development Committee comprised of the Interested Director and one Independent Director. The current members of the Product Development Committee are Messrs. Reichman and Sablowsky. The Product Development Committee oversees the process regarding the addition of new investment advisers and investment products to the Company. The Product Development Committee convened [ ] times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

16 

 

Regulatory Oversight Committee. The Board has a Regulatory Oversight Committee comprised of the Interested Director and four Independent Directors. The current members of the Regulatory Oversight Committee are Messrs. Carnall, Reichman, Sablowsky, Shea and Straniere. The Regulatory Oversight Committee monitors regulatory developments in the mutual fund industry and focuses on various regulatory aspects of the operation of the Company. The Regulatory Oversight Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Strategic Oversight Committee. The Board has a Strategic Oversight Committee comprised of the Interested Director and three Independent Directors. The current members of the Strategic Oversight Committee are Messrs. Carnall, Chandler, Reichman and Sablowsky. The Strategic Oversight Committee assists the Board in its oversight and review of the Company’s strategic plan and operations. The Strategic Oversight Committee did not meet during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Valuation Committee. The Board has a Valuation Committee comprised of the Interested Director and two officers of the Company. The members of the Valuation Committee are Messrs. Faia, Sablowsky and Shaw. The Valuation Committee is responsible for reviewing fair value determinations. The Valuation Committee convened four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Risk Oversight

 

The Board performs its risk oversight function for the Company through a combination of (1) direct oversight by the Board as a whole and Board committees and (2) indirect oversight through the Company’s investment advisers and other service providers, Company officers and the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer. The Company is subject to a number of risks, including but not limited to investment risk, compliance risk, operational risk, reputational risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Company is the responsibility of the Company’s investment advisers or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk) that carry out the Company’s investment management and business affairs. Each of the investment advisers and the other service providers have their own independent interest in risk management and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models and may differ from the Company’s and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls.

 

The Board provides risk oversight by receiving and reviewing on a regular basis reports from the Company’s investment advisers or other service providers, receiving and approving compliance policies and procedures, periodic meetings with the Company’s portfolio managers to review investment policies, strategies and risks, and meeting regularly with the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance reports, findings and issues. The Board also relies on the Company’s investment advisers and other service providers, with respect to the day-to-day activities of the Company, to create and maintain procedures and controls to minimize risk and the likelihood of adverse effects on the Company’s business and reputation.

 

Board oversight of risk management is also provided by various Board Committees. For example, the Audit Committee meets with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firms to ensure that the Company’s respective audit scopes include risk-based considerations as to the Company’s financial position and operations. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. The Board’s oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Company’s investments or activities.

 

Director Ownership of Shares of the Company

 

The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each Director in the Funds and in all of the portfolios of the Company (which for each Director comprise all registered investment companies within the Company’s family of investment companies overseen by him), as of December 31, 2020. As shown below, because the Funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI, the Directors do not own any shares of the Funds. The Directors also did not own any shares of the Predecessor Funds as of December 31, 2020.

 

Name of Director Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Global Opportunities Fund*
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Mid-Cap Growth Fund*

Aggregate Dollar Range of

Equity Securities in All

Registered Investment Companies

Overseen by Director within the

Family of Investment Companies

INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS    
Julian A. Brodsky None None Over $100,000
J. Richard Carnall None None $10,001-$50,000
Gregory P. Chandler None None $10,001-$50,000
Nicholas A. Giordano None None $10,001-$50,000
Arnold M. Reichman None None Over $100,000
Brian T. Shea None None $10,001-$50,000
Robert A. Straniere None None $1-$10,000
INTERESTED DIRECTOR    
Robert Sablowsky None None Over $100,000

 

*The Funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

 

17 

 

 

Directors’ and Officers’ Compensation

 

Effective April 1, 2019, the Company pays each Director a retainer at the rate of $125,000 annually, $10,000 for each regular meeting of the Board, $3,500 for each committee meeting attended in-person, and $2,000 for each committee meeting attended telephonically or special meeting of the Board attended in-person or telephonically. The Chairman of the Audit Committee and Chairman of the Regulatory Oversight Committee each receives an additional fee of $20,000 for his services. The Chairman of the Contract Committee and the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee each receives an additional fee of $10,000 per year for his services. The Chairman of the Investment and Liquidity Risk Committee receives an additional fee of $7,500 per year for his services. The Vice Chairman of the Board receives an additional fee of $35,000 per year for his services in this capacity and the Chairman of the Board receives an additional fee of $75,000 per year for his services in this capacity.

 

Directors are reimbursed for any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board or any committee thereof. An employee of Vigilant Compliance, LLC serves as President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Company. Vigilant Compliance, LLC is compensated for the services provided to the Company, and such compensation is determined by the Board. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, Vigilant Compliance LLC received $[ ] in the aggregate from all series of the Company for its services and [ ] from the Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund and [ ] from the Predecessor Mid Cap Growth Fund. Employees of the Company serve as Treasurer, Secretary and Director of Marketing & Business Development, and are compensated for services provided. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, each of the following members of the Board and the Treasurer, Secretary and Director of Marketing & Business Development received compensation from the Company in the following amounts:

 

Name of Director/Officer Aggregate
Compensation
from the Predecessor Funds*
Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Accrued
Estimated
Annual
Benefits
Upon
Retirement
Total
Compensation
From
Fund Complex
Paid to
Directors
or Officers
Independent Directors:        
Julian A. Brodsky, Director $[ ]  N/A  N/A $[ ]
J. Richard Carnall, Director $[ ]  N/A  N/A $[ ]
Gregory P. Chandler, Director $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Nicholas A. Giordano, Director $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Arnold M. Reichman, Director and Chairman $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Brian T. Shea, Director $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Robert A. Straniere, Director $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Interested Director:        
Robert Sablowsky, Director $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Officers:        
James G. Shaw, Treasurer and Secretary $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
Craig Urciuoli, Director of Marketing & Business Development $[ ] N/A N/A $[ ]
*The Funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

 

18 

 

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, each of the following members of the Board and the Treasurer, Secretary and Director of Marketing & Business Development received compensation from the Company in the following amounts with respect to their service to the Predecessor Funds:

 

Name of Director/Officer Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund* Predecessor Mid Cap Growth Fund*
Independent Directors:    
Julian A. Brodsky, Director $[ ] $[ ]
J. Richard Carnall, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Gregory P. Chandler, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Nicholas A. Giordano, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Arnold M. Reichman, Director and Chairman $[ ] $[ ]
Brian T. Shea, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Robert A. Straniere, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Interested Director:    
Robert Sablowsky, Director $[ ] $[ ]
Officers:    
James G. Shaw, Treasurer and Secretary $[ ] $[ ]
Craig Urciuoli, Director of Marketing & Business Development $[ ] $[ ]
*The Funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI. Therefore, members of the Board and the Treasurer, Secretary and Director of Marketing & Business Development did not receive any compensation from the Funds for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021.

 

Each compensated Director is entitled to participate in the Company’s deferred compensation plan (the “DC Plan”). Under the DC Plan, a compensated Director may elect to defer all or a portion of his compensation and have the deferred compensation treated as if it had been invested by the Company in shares of one or more of the portfolios of the Company. The amount paid to the Directors under the DC Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments.

 

As of December 31, 2020, the Independent Directors and their respective family members (spouse or dependent children) did not own beneficially or of record any securities of the Company’s investment advisers or distributor, or of any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment advisers or distributor.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Company and the Adviser have each adopted a code of ethics (“Code of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, which governs personal securities trading by their respective personnel. Each Code of Ethics permits such individuals to purchase and sell securities, including securities that are purchased, sold, or held by the Fund, but only subject to certain conditions designed to ensure that purchases and sales by such individuals do not adversely affect the Fund’s investment activities.

 

PRINCIPAL HOLDERS

 

Any person owning, directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the outstanding shares of a Fund is presumed to control the Fund. Principal holders are persons who own 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund. As of the date of this SAI, no shares of the Fund were outstanding and therefore no persons owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of a Fund as of the date of this SAI.

 

As of [ ], the following persons owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Predecessor Funds:

 

Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund – Investor Class

 

Name Address Percentage of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co Inc.

101 Montgomery Street

San Francisco CA 94104-4122

[ ]%
National Financial Services LLC

499 Washington Blvd FL 5

Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010

[ ]%
TD AmeriTrade Inc.

PO Box 2226

Omaha, NE 68103-2226

[ ]%

 

19 

 

Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund – Institutional Class

 

Name Address Percentage of Ownership
Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC

2000 Duke Street, Suite 275

Alexandria, VA 22314-6101

[ ]%

 

 

Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund – Investor Class

 

Name Address Percentage of Ownership
Charles Schwab & Co Inc.

101 Montgomery Street

San Francisco CA 94104-4122

[ ]%
National Financial Services LLC

499 Washington Blvd FL 5

Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010

[ ]%
TD AmeriTrade Inc.

PO Box 2226

Omaha, NE 68103-2226

[ ]%

 

Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class

 

Name Address Percentage of Ownership
Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC

2000 Duke Street, Suite 275

Alexandria, VA 22314-6101

[ ]%

 

 

Because the Funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI, the Directors and officers of the Company as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each of the Funds as of the date of this SAI. As of [ ], the Directors and officers of the Company as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each of the Predecessor Funds.

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus titled “MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS — Investment Adviser.”

 

The Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company with offices at 2000 Duke Street, Suite 275, Alexandria, VA 22314. The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Motley Fool Investment Management, LLC, a subsidiary of The Motley Fool Holdings Inc. (“TMF Holdings”), a multimedia financial-services holding company that also owns The Motley Fool, LLC, which publishes investment information and analysis across a wide range of media, including investment newsletter services, websites, and books. TMF Holdings is controlled by David Gardner and Tom Gardner, along with other private shareholders.

 

The Adviser provides investment advisory services to each Fund pursuant to the terms of Investment Advisory Agreements (each an “Advisory Agreement” and together, the “Advisory Agreements”) between the Company and the Adviser. After the initial two year-term, each Advisory Agreement may be continued in effect from year to year with the approval of (1) the Board or (2) vote of a majority (as defined by the 1940 Act) of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, provided that in either event the continuance must also be approved by a majority of the Independent Directors by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Each Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment, as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.

 

The Adviser manages each Fund’s investments in accordance with the stated policies of the Fund, subject to the supervision of the Board. The Adviser is responsible for all investment decisions for the Funds and for placing orders for the purchase and sale of investments for each Fund’s portfolio. The Adviser also provides such additional administrative services as the Company may require beyond those furnished by the Administrator and furnishes, at its own expense, such office space, facilities, equipment, clerical help, and other personnel and services as may reasonably be necessary in connection with the operations of the Company. In addition, the Adviser pays the salaries of officers of the Company who are employees of the Adviser and any fees and expenses of Directors of the Company who are also officers, directors, or employees of the Adviser or who are officers or employees of any company affiliated with the Adviser and bears the cost of telephone service, heat, light, power, and other utilities associated with the services it provides.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreements, in consideration of the services provided by the Adviser, each Fund pays the Adviser a unitary management fee that is computed and paid monthly at an annual rate of 0.85% of each Fund’s average daily net assets during the month. From the unitary management fee, the Adviser pays most of the expenses of each Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. However, under the Advisory Agreements, the Adviser is not responsible for interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.

 

20 

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Funds have not commenced operations, so the Funds have not paid any management fees. The table below shows the amounts paid to the Adviser or the amount that the Adviser reimbursed the Predecessor Funds during each of the last three fiscal years and the amounts that would have been paid by each Predecessor Fund to the Adviser had fee waivers and expense reimbursements not been in place during the past three fiscal years.

 

Fiscal Year Ended Amount Predecessor Fund Paid to
(or Reimbursed by) Adviser
Amount Predecessor Fund would have paid to
Adviser had fee waivers and expense
reimbursements and/or recoupments not been in place
Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund
August 31, 2021 $[ ] $[ ]
August 31, 2020 $4,149,682 $4,145,422
August 31, 2019 $3,685,956 $3,771,657
Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund
August 31, 2021 $[ ] $[ ]
August 31, 2020 $2,304,993 $2,268,364
August 31, 2019 $2,334,820 $2,396,553

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

Bryan C. Hinmon, Anthony L. Arsta, William S. Barker, Nathan G. Weisshaar, and Michael J. Olsen serve as portfolio managers for the Global Opportunities Fund and are primarily responsible for all investment-related services provided to the Global Opportunities Fund by the Adviser. Bryan C. Hinmon, Anthony L. Arsta, William S. Barker, and Nathan G. Weisshaar serve as the Mid-Cap Growth Fund’s portfolio managers and are primarily responsible for all investment-related services provided to the Mid-Cap Growth Fund by the Adviser. The following table provides information regarding accounts other than the Funds managed by the portfolio managers as of August 31, 2021.

 

Portfolio Manager;
Other Accounts
Total Accounts Accounts With
Performance-Based Fees
Number Assets
(in Millions)
Number Assets
(in Millions)
Bryan C. Hinmon        
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
         
Anthony L. Arsta        
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
         
William S. Barker        
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
         
Nathan G. Weisshaar        
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
         
Michael J. Olsen        
Registered Investment Companies [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]
Other Accounts [ ] $[ ] [ ] $[ ]

 

21 

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation

 

Each portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the Adviser based on his level of responsibility at the Adviser. In determining the amount of the base salary, the Adviser considered compensation levels in the mutual fund industry and in the geographic area of the Adviser, as well as compensation levels generally at the Adviser and its affiliates. Portfolio managers also are eligible for an incentive bonus, which is subjective. The bonus takes into consideration a number of factors including, but not limited to, performance, client satisfaction and service, and the profitability of the Adviser’s business.

 

Material Conflicts of Interest

 

Real, potential, or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day portfolio management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or account. The portfolio managers manage or provide investment advisory services for other accounts with investment strategies similar to the Funds, including other pooled investment vehicles, separately managed accounts and proprietary accounts of its affiliates, and some of the Adviser’s personnel, including the members of its investment committee, provide advisory services on behalf of the Adviser’s affiliate, Motley Fool Wealth Management (“MFWM”), particularly for MFWM’s separately managed accounts. Fees earned by the Adviser may vary among these accounts, and the Adviser's affiliates and/or the portfolio managers may personally invest in these accounts. These factors could create conflicts of interest because portfolio managers have potential incentives to favor certain accounts over others (including the Funds), with the result that other accounts could outperform the Funds.

 

A conflict may also exist if the portfolio managers identify a limited investment opportunity that may be appropriate for more than one account but the Funds are unable to take full advantage of that opportunity because of the need to allocate that opportunity among multiple accounts. In addition, the portfolio managers may execute transactions or make recommendations for another account, including proprietary accounts of affiliates, that may adversely affect the value of securities held by the Funds. However, the Adviser believes that these risks are mitigated by the fact that accounts with like investment strategies managed or advised by the portfolio managers are generally managed in a similar fashion and that the Adviser has a policy that seeks to allocate opportunities on a fair and equitable basis.

 

The Adviser and the portfolio managers may carry on investment activities for their own accounts and for those of their families and other clients, including those of MFWM, in which the Funds have no interest and thus may have certain additional conflicts of interest. In addition, the Adviser or MFWM may act as the investment adviser to accounts pursuing a range of traditional and alternative investment strategies. As a consequence of managing multiple investment products with varying investment programs, securities may be purchased or sold for some accounts but not others, and securities that are being sold for some accounts may be purchased for others. Factors that could lead to differences in trading decisions for various investment strategies include, among others, in the case of conflicting positions: differing portfolio manager analyses, different investment horizons, implementation of a particular hedging strategy, and differing desired market exposures. When making allocations, portfolio managers may also consider a number of factors, such as cash flow situations, tax considerations, different investment horizons, and different investment strategies. All portfolio managers are aware that trades may not be made in one client account for the purpose of benefiting another client or proprietary account. Investment decisions must be made only on the basis of the investment considerations relevant to the particular account for which a trade is being made.

 

The Adviser has adopted a Code of Ethics and Best Execution Guidelines, among other policies and procedures, that seek to ensure that clients’ accounts are not harmed by potential conflicts of interests. The Adviser also has procedures to assure that fair and appropriate allocation of investments purchased and sold is made among all clients and proprietary accounts, and MFWM and the Adviser have adopted procedures to assure that neither MFWM nor the Adviser (or their respective clients) can benefit from an informational or trading advantage over the other. Generally, trades for proprietary accounts are executed through MFWM's trading desk in accordance with all these procedural safeguards.

 

In addition, The Motley Fool, LLC and other publishing affiliates of the Adviser (collectively, “Publishing Affiliates”) may publish opinions, and recommendations regarding the purchase and sale of securities, potentially including particular securities, industries, or market sectors in which a Fund has invested or that the Adviser is considering for purchase or sale by a Fund. These opinions and recommendations may be consistent with, or opposed to, the views of the Adviser, and they may adversely affect the prices of securities held by the Funds or the prices at which the Funds can purchase or sell particular securities. The Funds, the Adviser, and the Publishing Affiliates have adopted procedures designed to prevent the Publishing Affiliates’ personnel from obtaining or using nonpublic information about each Fund’s holdings or the Adviser’s strategy or actual or potential portfolio transactions and to prevent personnel of the Adviser from using information from the Publishing Affiliates and their publications before publication. These procedures include physical segregation of offices with controls on access, restrictions on electronic access to information, policies to maintain the confidentiality of information, and related training with respect to these policies. In addition, the procedures require monitoring by the chief compliance officer of the Adviser and the general counsel of the Publishing Affiliates through the review of transactions and publications, with the goal of identifying possible use of information by the Adviser or the Publishing Affiliates or their respective personnel in violation of applicable policies. Certain conflicts may nonetheless be deemed to exist to the extent that a Fund might benefit if a Publishing Affiliate recommends the purchase of a security held by a Fund or recommends the sale of a security being considered by a Fund for purchase, and to the extent that the price of a security on which a Publishing Affiliate has expressed an opinion could be affected by the Adviser’s purchase or sale of that security for a Fund. In this regard, members of the investment committee may consider analysis published by the Publishing Affiliates in making investment decisions for the Funds and other clients; however, they do not base their decisions solely on such analysis, and, as a matter of policy, decisions to purchase and sell securities for a Fund are made based on the Adviser’s best judgment, consistent with the best interests of each Fund.

 

Ownership of Fund Shares by the Portfolio Managers

 

As of the date of this SAI, the portfolio managers do not own any shares of the Funds as no shares of the Funds were outstanding prior to the date of this SAI.

 

22 

 

 

UNDERWRITER

 

The Company has entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), 111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, pursuant to which the Distributor acts as each Fund’s principal underwriter and distributes shares. Shares are continuously offered for sale by the Distributor only in Creation Units. Each Creation Unit is made up of at least 25,000 shares. The Distributor will not distribute Shares in amounts less than a Creation Unit.

 

Under the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor, as agent for the Company, will receive orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units, provided that any subscriptions and orders will not be binding on the Company until accepted by the Company. The Distributor will deliver prospectuses and, upon request, Statements of Additional Information to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of orders placed with it. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”).

 

The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers (“Soliciting Dealers”) who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants (as discussed in “Procedures for Creation of Creation Units” below) or DTC Participants.

 

The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority of the Independent Directors. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Company, on behalf of the Fund, on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Directors who are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Company, or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment,” as defined in the 1940 Act.

 

PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS

 

Purchase and Issuance of Creation Units

 

The Company issues and sells shares of the Funds only: (i) in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees), at their NAV next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day, in proper form pursuant to the terms of the Authorized Participant Agreement (“Participant Agreement”); or (ii) pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Service (defined below). The NAV of each Fund’s shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. The Funds will not issue fractional Creation Units. A Business Day is any day on which the Exchange is open for business.

 

FUND DEPOSIT. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Funds generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (the “Deposit Securities”) per each Creation Unit, constituting a substantial replication of the Fund and a Cash Component (defined below), computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a “cash in lieu” amount (“Deposit Cash”) to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, each Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser. These additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities (“Non-Standard Charges”) may be recoverable from the purchaser of creation units.

 

Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit,” which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of each Fund. The “Cash Component” is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component will be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which will be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant (as defined below).

 

Each Fund, through NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for a Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.

 

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for a Fund Deposit for a Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objectives of a Fund.

 

The Company reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash (i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount) to replace any Deposit Security, which will be added to the Deposit Cash, if applicable, and the Cash Component, including, without limitation, in situations where the Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant (as defined below) or the investor for which it is acting; (iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations (collectively, “custom orders”). The adjustments described above will reflect changes known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, or resulting from certain corporate actions.

 

23 

 

 

CASH PURCHASE METHOD. The Company may at its discretion permit full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units of the Funds in instances permitted by the exemptive relief the Adviser is relying on in offering each Fund. When full or partial cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for the Funds, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a full or partial cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser together with a Creation Transaction Fee and Non-Standard Charges, as may be applicable.

 

PROCEDURES FOR PURCHASE OF CREATION UNITS. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor to purchase a Creation Unit of a Fund, an entity must be (i) a “Participating Party”, i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant. In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an “Authorized Participant” or “AP”) must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services (“Transfer Agent” or “Fund Services”) and the Company, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each AP will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Company an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the Creation Transaction Fee (defined below) and any other applicable fees and taxes. The Adviser may retain all or a portion of the Transaction Fee to the extent the Adviser bears the expenses that otherwise would be borne by the Company in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, which the Transaction Fee is designed to cover.

 

All orders to purchase shares directly from a Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units in the manner set forth in the Participant Agreement (the “Cut-Off Time”). The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the “Order Placement Date.”

 

An AP may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase shares directly from a Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an AP that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such APs may have international capabilities.

 

On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, a Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which a Fund’s investments are primarily traded is closed on any day, a Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day. Orders must be transmitted by an AP by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the AP Handbook. With respect to a Fund, the Distributor will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an AP should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Distributor by the Cut-Off Time on the Business Day on which the order is placed. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an AP.

 

Fund Deposits must be delivered by an AP through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a subcustody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Company or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian will cause the subcustodian of such Fund to maintain an account into which the AP will deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Company. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the AP in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of a Fund or its agents by no later than the Settlement Date. The “Settlement Date” for a Fund is generally the third Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Company, whose determination will be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.

 

The order will be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the Cut-Off Time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m., Eastern time on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the AP will be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in “proper form” if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, AP Handbook and this SAI are properly followed.

 

ISSUANCE OF A CREATION UNIT. Except as provided herein, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Company of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the subcustodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant subcustodian or subcustodians, the Distributor and the Adviser will be notified of such delivery, and the Company will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor. However, each Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor in order to accommodate foreign market holiday schedules, to account for different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and ex-dividend dates (that is the last day the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security), and in certain other circumstances. The AP will be liable to a Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

 

24 

 

Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Company of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the market value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”), which will be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. An additional amount of cash will be required to be deposited with the Company, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Company in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily marked to market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Company to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. APs will be liable to the Company for the costs incurred by the Company in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Company will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Company and deposited into the Company. In addition, a Transaction Fee as set forth below under “Creation Transaction Fee” will be charged in all cases, unless otherwise advised by the Funds, and Non- Standard Charges may also apply. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

 

ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS OF CREATION UNITS. The Company reserves the absolute right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Distributor in respect of a Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of the Fund; (d) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (e) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (f) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Company or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Company or the rights of beneficial owners; (g) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, be unlawful; or (h) circumstances outside the control of the Company, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.

 

Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, pandemics, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Company, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the AP acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Company, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor will either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Company, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor will not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.

 

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered will be determined by the Company, and the Company’s determination will be final and binding.

 

CREATION TRANSACTION FEE. A purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee is imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units, and investors will be required to pay a Creation Transaction Fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. A Fund may adjust the creation transaction fee from time to time based upon actual experience. In addition, a Fund may impose a Non-Standard Charge of up to 2% of the value of the creation transactions for cash creations, non- standard orders, or partial cash purchases for the Fund. A Fund may adjust the Non-Standard Charge from time to time based upon actual experience. Investors who use the services of an AP, broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services, which may include an amount for the Creation Transaction Fee and Non-Standard Charges. Investors are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Company. The Adviser may retain all or a portion of the Transaction Fee to the extent the Adviser bears the expenses that otherwise would be borne by the Company in connection with the purchase of a Creation Unit, which the Transaction Fee is designed to cover. The standard Creation Transaction Fee for the Fund is $500.

 

RISKS OF PURCHASING CREATION UNITS. There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from a Fund. Because each Fund’s shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from a Fund, breaks them down into the constituent shares, and sells those shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause a shareholder to be deemed an underwriter.

 

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Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with each Fund’s shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act.

 

Redemption of Creation Units

 

Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by a Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. EXCEPT UPON LIQUIDATION OF A FUND, THE COMPANY WILL NOT REDEEM SHARES IN AMOUNTS LESS THAN CREATION UNITS. Investors must accumulate enough shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such shares redeemed by the Company. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

With respect to each Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and share quantities of the Fund’s portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day (“Fund Securities”). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.

 

Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Company. With respect to in-kind redemptions of a Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities -- as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form -- plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less any fixed redemption transaction fee as set forth below and any Non-Standard Charges. If the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an AP by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Company’s discretion, an AP may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.

 

CASH REDEMPTION METHOD. Although the Company does not ordinarily permit full or partial cash redemptions of Creation Units of the Funds, when full or partial cash redemptions of Creation Units are available or specified for a Fund, they will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind redemptions thereof. In the case of full or partial cash redemptions, the AP will receive the cash equivalent of the Fund Securities it would otherwise receive through an in-kind redemption, plus the same Cash Amount to be paid to an in-kind redeemer.

 

REDEMPTION TRANSACTION FEES. A redemption transaction fee may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units, and APs will be required to pay a Redemption Transaction Fee regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The redemption transaction fee is the same no matter how many Creation Units are being redeemed pursuant to any one redemption request. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time based upon actual experience. In addition, the Fund may impose a Non-Standard Charge of up to 2% of the value of a redemption transaction for cash redemptions, non-standard orders, or partial cash redemptions for the Funds. Investors who use the services of an AP, broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services which may include an amount for the Redemption Transaction Fees and Non-Standard Charges. Investors are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Fund Securities to the account of the Company. The Non-Standard Charges are payable to the Funds as it incurs costs in connection with the redemption of Creation Units, the receipt of Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount and other transactions costs. The standard Redemption Transaction Fee for each Fund is $500.

 

PROCEDURES FOR REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS. Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement. A redemption request is considered to be in “proper form” if (i) an AP has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Company’s Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book- entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Company is received by the Transfer Agent from the AP on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor’s shares through DTC’s facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request will be rejected.

 

The AP must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Company, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an AP which has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such AP. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an AP and transfer of the shares to the Company’s Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not APs.

 

In connection with taking delivery of shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or AP acting on behalf of such Shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within three business days of the trade date.

 

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ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION PROCEDURES. In connection with taking delivery of shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, the AP must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of the Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within three Business Days of the trade date. However, due to the schedule of holidays in certain countries, the different treatment among foreign and U.S. markets of dividend record dates and dividend ex-dates (that is the last date the holder of a security can sell the security and still receive dividends payable on the security sold), and in certain other circumstances, the delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds may take longer than three Business Days after the day on which the redemption request is received in proper form. If neither the redeeming Shareholder nor the AP acting on behalf of such redeeming Shareholder has appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Fund Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction and it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities in such jurisdiction, the Company may, in its discretion, exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming shareholder will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash.

 

If it is not possible to make other such arrangements, or it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities, the Company may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that each Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its shares based on the NAV of shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Company’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Funds may also, in their sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.

 

Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Company could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An AP or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The AP may request the redeeming investor of the shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an AP that is not a “qualified institutional buyer,” (“QIB”) as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An AP may be required by the Company to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status in order to receive Fund Securities.

 

Because the portfolio securities of the Funds may trade on the relevant exchange(s) on days that the Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for such Fund, shareholders may not be able to redeem their shares of a Fund, or to purchase or sell shares of such Fund on the Exchange, on days when the NAV of such Fund could be significantly affecting by events in the relevant foreign markets.

 

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to each Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund or determination of the NAV of the shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

 

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

 

The Company has adopted, on behalf of each Fund, a policy relating to the selective disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings by the Adviser, Board, officers, or third party service providers, in accordance with regulations that seek to ensure that disclosure of information about portfolio holdings is in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. The policies relating to the disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings are designed to allow disclosure of portfolio holdings information where necessary to each Fund’s operation without compromising the integrity or performance of the Fund. It is the policy of the Company that disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings to a select person or persons prior to the release of such holdings to the public (“selective disclosure”) is prohibited, unless there are legitimate business purposes for selective disclosure.

 

The Company discloses portfolio holdings information as required in regulatory filings and shareholder reports, discloses portfolio holdings information as required by federal and state securities laws and may disclose portfolio holdings information in response to requests by governmental authorities. As required by the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the Company will disclose each Fund’s portfolio holdings in applicable regulatory filings, including shareholder reports, reports on Form N-CSR, Form N-CEN, and Form N-PORT, or such other filings, reports or disclosure documents as the applicable regulatory authorities may require.

 

Each Fund’s entire portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each business day and may be available through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet websites.

 

The Company may distribute or authorize the distribution of information about a Fund’s portfolio holdings that is not publicly available to its third-party service providers, which include U.S. Bank, N.A., the custodian; Fund Services, the administrator, accounting agent and transfer agent; [ ], the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm; Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, legal counsel; FilePoint, the financial printer; the Funds’ proxy voting service(s); and the Company’s liquidity classification agent. These service providers are required to keep such information confidential, and are prohibited from trading based on the information or otherwise using the information except as necessary in providing services to a Fund. Such holdings are released on conditions of confidentiality, which include appropriate trading prohibitions. “Conditions of confidentiality” include confidentiality terms included in written agreements, implied by the nature of the relationship (e.g. attorney-client relationship), or required by fiduciary or regulatory principles (e.g., custody services provided by financial institutions). Portfolio holdings may also be provided earlier to shareholders and their agents who receive redemptions in kind that reflect a pro rata allocation of all securities held in a Fund’s portfolio.

 

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Portfolio holdings may also be disclosed, upon authorization by a designated officer of the Adviser, to (i) certain independent reporting agencies recognized by the SEC as acceptable agencies for the reporting of industry statistical information and, (ii) financial consultants to assist them in determining the suitability of the Fund as an investment for their clients, in each case in accordance with the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the Company’s and Adviser’s fiduciary duties to Fund shareholders. Disclosures to financial consultants are also subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions. The foregoing disclosures are made pursuant to the Company’s policy on selective disclosure of portfolio holdings. The Board or a committee thereof may, in limited circumstances, permit other selective disclosure of portfolio holdings subject to a confidentiality agreement and/or trading restrictions.

 

The Adviser reserves the right to refuse to fulfill any request for portfolio holdings information from a shareholder or non-shareholder if it believes that providing such information will be contrary to the best interests of a Fund.

 

The Board provides ongoing oversight of the Company’s policies and procedures and compliance with such policies and procedures. As part of this oversight function, the Board receives from the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) as necessary, reports on compliance with these policies and procedures. In addition, the Board receives an annual assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of the policies and procedures with respect to a Fund, and any changes thereto, and an annual review of the operation of the policies and procedures. Any violation of the policy set forth above as well as any corrective action undertaken to address such violation must be reported by the Adviser, director, officer or third party service provider to the Company’s CCO, who will determine whether the violation should be reported immediately to the Board or at its next quarterly Board meeting.

 

TYPE OF SERVICE PROVIDER TYPICAL FREQUENCY OF ACCESS TO PORTFOLIO INFORMATION  RESTRICTIONS
Adviser Daily Ethical
Administrator Daily Contractual and ethical
Underwriter Daily Contractual and ethical
Custodian Daily Contractual and ethical
Auditor During annual audit Ethical
Legal Counsel Regulatory filings, Board meetings, and if a legal issue regarding the portfolio requires counsel’s review Ethical
Printers Quarterly—filing and printing of portfolio holdings schedules and semi-annual and annual reports No formal restrictions in place. However, printer would not receive portfolio information until at least 30 days old.
Broker-Dealers Through Which the Fund Purchases and Sells Portfolio Securities Daily access to the relevant purchase and/or sale—no broker/dealer has access to the Fund’s entire portfolio Contractual and ethical

 

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the sections in the Funds’ Prospectus titled “HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES.”

 

NAV is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open, except that no computation need be made on a day on which no orders to purchase or redeem shares have been received. The NYSE currently observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day (third Monday in January), Presidents Day (third Monday in February), Good Friday (Friday before Easter), Memorial Day (last Monday in May), Independence Day, Labor Day (first Monday in September), Thanksgiving Day (fourth Thursday in November), and Christmas Day.

 

NAV per share is computed by dividing the value of each Fund’s net assets (i.e., the value of its assets less its liabilities) by the total number of the Fund’s shares outstanding. In computing NAV, securities are valued at market value as of the close of trading on each business day when the NYSE is open. Securities, other than stock options, listed on the NYSE or other exchanges are valued on the basis of the last reported sale price on the exchange on which they are primarily traded. However, if the last sale price on the NYSE is different from the last sale price on any other exchange, the NYSE price will be used. If there are no sales on that day, then the securities are valued at the bid price on the NYSE or other primary exchange for that day. Securities traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market are valued on the basis of the last sales price as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (“NASDAQ”). If there are no sales on that day, then the securities are valued at the mean between the closing bid and asked prices as reported by NASDAQ. Stock options and stock index options traded on national securities exchanges or on NASDAQ are valued at the mean between the latest bid and asked prices for such options. Securities for which market quotations are not readily available and other assets are valued at fair value as determined pursuant to procedures adopted in good faith by the Board. Debt securities that mature in less than 60 days are valued at amortized cost (unless the Board determines that this method does not represent fair value), if their original maturity was 60 days or less or by amortizing the value as of the 61st day before maturity, if their original term to maturity exceeded 60 days. A pricing service may be used to determine the fair value of securities held by the Funds. Any such service might value the investments based on methods that include consideration of yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions. The service may also employ electronic data-processing techniques, a matrix system, or both to determine valuation. The Board will review and monitor the methods such services use to assure itself that securities are valued at their fair values.

 

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The values of securities held by each Fund and other assets used in computing NAV are determined as of the time at which trading in such securities is completed each day. That time, in the case of foreign securities, generally occurs at various times before the close of the NYSE. Trading in securities listed on foreign securities exchanges will be valued at the last sale or, if no sales are reported, at the bid price as of the close of the exchange, subject to possible adjustment as described in the Prospectus. Foreign currency exchange rates are also generally determined before the close of the NYSE. On occasion, the values of such securities and exchange rates may be affected by events occurring between the time as of which determinations of such values or exchange rates are made and the close of the NYSE. When such events materially affect the value of securities held by a Fund or its liabilities, such securities and liabilities will be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted in good faith by the Board. The values of any assets and liabilities initially expressed in foreign currencies will be converted to U.S. dollars based on exchange rates supplied by a quotation service.

 

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES

 

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Funds’ Prospectus titled “DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES.” In addition, the following is only a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that generally affect the Funds and their shareholders. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive explanation of the tax treatment of a Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations, including their state, local, and foreign tax liabilities.

 

It is the policy of the Company each fiscal year to distribute substantially all of each Fund’s net investment income (i.e., generally, the income that it earns from dividends and interest on its investments, and any short-term capital gains, net of Fund expenses) and net capital gains (i.e., the excess of the Fund’s net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses), if any, to its shareholders.

 

Dividend Reinvestment Service

 

The Funds will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by beneficial owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of the Funds through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares issued by a Fund at NAV. Distributions reinvested in additional shares of each Fund will nevertheless be taxable to beneficial owners acquiring such additional shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.

 

Taxes – General

 

The discussions of the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive. Each Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. As such, each Fund generally will be exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains that it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, each Fund must meet three important tests each year.

 

First, each Fund must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.

 

Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of each Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of such issuer and as to which the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer), and no more than 25% of the value of each Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

 

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Third, each Fund must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) before taking into account any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.

 

Each Fund intends to comply with these requirements. If a Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year a Fund were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, taxable shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

 

The Code imposes a nondeductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to distribute each year an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses). Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions each year to avoid liability for this excise tax.

 

Loss Carryforwards

 

For federal income tax purposes, each Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during subsequent years. [As of August 31, 2021, the Predecessor Funds had no unexpiring short-term or long-term losses.]

 

Taxation of Certain Investments

 

The tax principles applicable to transactions in financial instruments, such as futures contracts and options, that may be engaged in by a Fund, and investments in passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”), are complex and, in some cases, uncertain. Such transactions and investments may cause a Fund to recognize taxable income prior to the receipt of cash, thereby requiring the Fund to liquidate other positions, or to borrow money, so as to make sufficient distributions to shareholders to avoid corporate-level tax. Moreover, some or all of the taxable income recognized may be ordinary income or short-term capital gain, so that the distributions may be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

In addition, in the case of any shares of a PFIC in which a Fund invests, the Fund may be liable for corporate-level tax on any ultimate gain or distributions on the shares if the Fund fails to make an election to recognize income annually during the period of its ownership of the shares.

 

State and Local Taxes

 

Although each Fund expects to qualify as a regulated investment company and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, a Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE

 

Subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for each Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions, and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities on a stock exchange are effected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. In the OTC market, securities are generally traded on a “net” basis, with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the price of the security usually includes a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price, which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the underwriter’s concession or discount. Certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commission or discounts are paid. The Funds anticipate that their transactions involving foreign securities will be effected through ADRs and on principal stock exchanges for such securities. Fixed commissions on foreign stock exchange transactions are generally higher than are negotiated commissions on domestic transactions. There is also generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges and brokers than in the U.S.

 

The Adviser may serve as an investment adviser to other clients, including private investment companies, and the Adviser may in the future act as an investment adviser to other registered investment companies. It is the practice of the Adviser to cause purchase and sale transactions to be allocated among a Fund and others whose assets are managed by the Adviser in such manner as it deems equitable. In making such allocations, the main factors considered are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held, and the opinions of the persons responsible for managing each Fund and the other client accounts. This procedure may, under certain circumstances, have an adverse effect on each Fund.

 

The policy of the Funds regarding purchases and sales of securities is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Funds’ policy is to pay commissions that are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Adviser believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest commission cost could impede effective management and preclude the Adviser from obtaining high-quality brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser relies on its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage and research services received from the broker effecting the transaction.

 

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In seeking to implement the Funds’ policies, the Adviser, through a brokerage or an outsourced trading desk, conducts trades on behalf of the Funds and effects transactions with brokers and dealers that it believes provide the most favorable prices and are capable of providing efficient executions. The Adviser may place portfolio transactions with a broker or dealer that furnishes research and other services to the Adviser and may pay higher commissions to brokers in recognition of research provided (or direct the payment of commissions to such brokers). Such services may include, but are not limited to, any one or more of the following: (1) information as to the availability of securities for purchase or sale, (2) statistical or factual information or opinions pertaining to investments, (3) wire services, (4) and appraisals or evaluations of portfolio securities. The information and services received by the Adviser from brokers and dealers may be of benefit in the management of accounts of other clients and may not in all cases benefit the Company directly. While such services are useful and important in supplementing its own research and facilities, the Adviser believes the value of such services is not determinable and does not significantly reduce its expenses.

 

For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, and the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019, the Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund paid brokerage commissions of $[ ], 137,221, and $134,968, respectively. For the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, and the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019, the Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund paid brokerage commission of $[ ], $62,701, and $82,163, respectively.

 

Directed Brokerage

 

During the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, each Predecessor Fund directed a portion of its brokerage transactions to brokers for research services provided. The table below shows the amount of brokerage transactions directed for such services and related commissions paid by the Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund and the Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund.

 

  Amount of Brokerage Transactions Brokerage Commissions Paid
Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund $[ ] $[ ]
Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund $[ ] $[ ]

 

SECURITIES LENDING

 

U.S. Bank, N.A. serves as securities lending agent for the Funds and in that role administers the Funds’ securities lending program pursuant to the terms of a Master Securities Lending Agreement entered into between the Funds and U.S. Bank, N.A.

 

As securities lending agent, U.S. Bank, N.A. is responsible for marketing to approved borrowers available securities from the Funds’ portfolio. U.S. Bank, N.A. is responsible for the administration and management of the Funds’ securities lending program, including the preparation and execution of a participant agreement with each borrower governing the terms and conditions of any securities loan, ensuring that securities loans are properly coordinated and documented with the Funds’ custodian, ensuring that loaned securities are daily valued and that the corresponding required cash collateral of at least 102% of the current market value of the loaned securities is delivered by the borrower(s), using best efforts to obtain additional collateral on the next business day if the value of the collateral falls below the required amount, and arranging for the investment of cash collateral received from borrowers in accordance with the Funds’ investment guidelines.

 

U.S. Bank, N.A. receives as compensation for its services a portion of the amount earned by the Funds for lending securities.

 

The table below sets forth, for each Predecessor Fund’s most recently completed fiscal year, the Predecessor Fund’s gross income received from securities lending activities, the fees and/or other compensation paid by the Predecessor Fund for securities lending activities, and the net income earned by the Predecessor Fund for securities lending activities.

 

  Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities: $[ ] $[ ]
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split: $0 $0
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service that are not included in the revenue split: $[ ] $[ ]
Administrative fees not included in revenue split: $0 $0
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split: $0 $0
Rebates (paid to borrower): $[ ] $[ ]
Other fees not included in revenue split: $0 $0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities: $[ ] $[ ]
Net income from securities lending activities: $[ ] $[ ]

 

31 

 

PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES

 

The Board has delegated the responsibility of voting proxies with respect to the portfolio securities purchased and/or held by the Funds (“portfolio proxies”) to the Adviser, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Adviser’s proxy voting policies are summarized below.

 

Policies of the Funds’ Adviser

 

In exercising its voting obligations, the Adviser is guided by its general fiduciary duty to act prudently and in the interest of the Funds. The Adviser will consider factors affecting the value of each Fund’s investments and the rights of shareholders in its determination on voting portfolio securities.

 

The Adviser generally undertakes to vote portfolio proxies with a view to enhancing the value of the company’s stock held by the Funds. The Adviser has retained an independent, third party proxy voting agent to vote portfolio proxies in accordance with guidelines described in the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and to maintain records of such portfolio proxy voting. The Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee is responsible for monitoring the third party proxy voting agent.

 

A summary of the Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for the Funds is as follows:

 

It is the Adviser’s policy to vote all proxies the Funds receive in a manner that serves a Fund’s best interests. Upon receiving each proxy, the Adviser will review the issues presented and make a decision to vote for, vote against, or abstain on each of the issues presented in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines that it has adopted. The Adviser will consider information from a variety of sources in evaluating the matters to be voted on and in determining how to vote. Factors the Adviser considers in making such determinations include the impact on the value of securities, the anticipated costs and benefits associated with the proposal, the effect on liquidity of a Fund’s investment, and customary industry and business practices. The Adviser generally supports policies, plans, and structures that it believes gives quality management teams appropriate latitude to run the business in a way that is likely to maximize value for owners. Conversely, the Adviser generally opposes proposals that clearly have the effect of restricting the ability of shareholders to realize the full potential value of their investment.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

In certain situations there may be a conflict of interest in the voting of proxies between the interests of a Fund and its shareholders and those of the Adviser or an affiliate of the Adviser. The Adviser’s Proxy Voting Committee will address any such conflicts on a case-by-case basis. Generally, if the proposal that gives rise to the conflict is specifically addressed in the proxy voting guidelines, the Adviser will vote the portfolio proxy in accordance with the guidelines. If such proposal is not specifically addressed in the guidelines, or if the guidelines provide discretion to the Adviser (i.e., on a case-by-case basis), the Proxy Voting Committee will determine how to vote the portfolio proxy in the Funds’ best interests.

 

More Information

 

Each year, the Funds will make available the actual voting records relating to portfolio securities held by each Fund during the 12-month period ending June 30 without charge, upon request by calling 1-800-617-0004, or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, a copy of the Adviser’s proxy-voting policies and procedures is available by calling 1-800-617-0004 and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.

 

PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates, at their discretion, may make payments from their own resources and not from Fund assets to affiliated or unaffiliated brokers, dealers, banks (including bank trust departments), trust companies, registered investment advisers, financial planners, retirement plan administrators, insurance companies, and any other institution having a service, administration, or any similar arrangement with a Fund, its service providers or their respective affiliates, as incentives to help market and promote a Fund and/or in recognition of their distribution, marketing, administrative services, and/or processing support.

 

These additional payments may be made to financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares or provide services to a Fund, the Distributor or shareholders of a Fund through the financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel and/or fund supermarkets. Payments may also be made through the financial intermediary’s retirement, qualified tuition, fee-based advisory, wrap fee bank trust, or insurance (e.g., individual or group annuity) programs. These payments may include, but are not limited to, placing a Fund in a financial intermediary’s retail distribution channel or on a preferred or recommended fund list; providing business or shareholder financial planning assistance; educating financial intermediary personnel about a Fund; providing access to sales and management representatives of the financial intermediary; promoting sales of Fund shares; providing marketing and educational support; maintaining share balances and/or for sub-accounting, administrative or shareholder transaction processing services. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services.

 

The Adviser and/or its affiliates may also make payments from their own resources to financial intermediaries for costs associated with the purchase of products or services used in connection with sales and marketing, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs, client and investor entertainment and other sponsored events. The costs and expenses associated with these efforts may include travel, lodging, sponsorship at educational seminars and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law.

 

Revenue sharing payments may be negotiated based on a variety of factors, including the level of sales, the amount of Fund assets attributable to investments in a Fund by financial intermediaries’ customers, a flat fee or other measures as determined from time to time by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. A significant purpose of these payments is to increase the sales of Fund shares, which in turn may benefit the Adviser through increased fees as Fund assets grow.

 

32 

 

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING COMPANY SHARES

 

The Company has authorized capital of 100 billion shares of common stock at a par value of $0.001 per share. Currently, approximately 88.233 billion shares have been classified into 193 classes. However, the Company only has approximately 55 active share classes that have begun investment operations. Under the Company’s charter, the Board has the power to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of common stock from time to time.

 

Each share that represents an interest in a Fund has an equal proportionate interest in the assets belonging to that Fund with each other share that represents an interest in that Fund, even where a share has a different class designation than another share representing an interest in that Fund. Shares of the Company do not have preemptive or conversion rights. When issued for payment as described in the Prospectus, shares of the Company will be fully paid and non-assessable.

 

The Company does not currently intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders except as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. The Company’s amended By-Laws provide that shareholders owning at least ten percent of the outstanding shares of all classes of Common Stock of the Company have the right to call for a meeting of shareholders to consider the removal of one or more directors. To the extent required by law, the Company will assist in shareholder communication in such matters.

 

Holders of shares of each class of the Company will vote in the aggregate on all matters, except where otherwise required by law. Further, shareholders of the Company will vote in the aggregate and not by portfolio except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interests of the shareholders of a particular portfolio or class of shares. Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of such Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Company shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of each portfolio affected by the matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a portfolio shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless it is clear that the interests of each portfolio in the matter are identical or that the matter does not affect any interest of the portfolio. Under Rule 18f-2 the approval of an investment advisory agreement or distribution agreement or any change in a fundamental investment objective or fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to a portfolio only if approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such portfolio. However, the Rule 18f-2 also provides that the ratification of the selection of independent public accountants and the election of directors are not subject to the separate voting requirements and may be effectively acted upon by shareholders of an investment company voting without regard to a portfolio. Shareholders of the Company are entitled to one vote for each full share held (irrespective of class or portfolio) and fractional votes for fractional shares held. Voting rights are not cumulative and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate shares of common stock of the Company may elect all of the Directors.

 

Notwithstanding any provision of Maryland law requiring a greater vote of shares of the Company’s common stock (or of any class voting as a class) in connection with any corporate action, unless otherwise provided by law (for example by Rule 18f-2 discussed above), or by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws, the Company may take or authorize such action upon the favorable vote of the holders of more than 50% of all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock voting without regard to class (or portfolio).

 

GENERAL INFORMATION

 

Anti-Money Laundering Program

 

The Funds have established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). To ensure compliance with this law, the Funds’ Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures, and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program, and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.

 

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that certain of its service providers have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, and conducting a complete and thorough review of all new account applications. The Funds will not transact business with any person or legal entity and beneficial owner, if applicable, whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[ ], located at [ ], is the independent registered public accounting firm of the Funds. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for conducting the annual audit of the Funds’ financial statements. The selection of the independent registered public accounting firm is approved annually by the Board.

 

Transfer Agent

 

Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the Funds’ transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent.

 

Custodian

 

U.S. Bank, N.A, 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212, serves as custodian (the “Custodian”) of the Funds’ assets and is responsible for maintaining custody of the Funds’ cash and investments and retaining sub-custodians, including in connection with the custody of foreign securities. Cash held by the Custodian, the amount of which may at times be substantial, is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to the amount of available insurance coverage limits. The Custodian and Fund Services are affiliates.

 

33 

 

Administrator

 

Fund Services, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the administrator (the “Administrator”) and provides various administrative and accounting services necessary for the operations of the Funds. Services provided by the Administrator include facilitating general Fund management; monitoring Fund compliance with federal and state regulations; supervising the maintenance of the Funds’ general ledger, the preparation of the Funds’ financial statements, the determination of NAV, and the payment of dividends and other distributions to shareholders; and preparing specified financial, tax, and other reports. The Custodian, the Distributor and the Administrator are affiliates.

 

The administration fees paid by the Predecessor Funds to Fund Services, including waivers and reimbursements for the past three fiscal years, are as follows:

 

Predecessor Global Opportunities Fund Administration and Accounting Fees Paid (after waivers and reimbursements)
For the fiscal year August 31, 2021 $[ ]
For the fiscal year August 31, 2020 $180,333
For the fiscal year August 31, 2019 $163,728
Predecessor Mid-Cap Growth Fund  
For the fiscal year August 31, 2021 $[ ]
For the fiscal year August 31, 2020 $96,146
For the fiscal year August 31, 2019 $102,945

 

Legal Counsel

 

Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996, serves as counsel to the Company.

 

Registration Statement

 

This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement the Company has filed with the SEC. The complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed by SEC rules and regulations. A text-only version of the Registration Statement is available on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Because the Funds had not commenced operations as of August 31, 2021, the annual reports of the Company for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 do not contain any data regarding the Funds. Each Predecessor Fund’s Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, appearing in each Predecessor Fund’s annual report to shareholders dated August 31, 2021, and the report of [ ], the Predecessor Funds' independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference in this SAI. For a more complete discussion of each Predecessor Fund’s performance, please see the Predecessor Funds' annual report to shareholders dated August 31, 2021, which may be obtained without charge.

34 

 

APPENDIX A

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

 

Short-Term Credit Ratings

 

An S&P Global Ratings short-term issue credit rating is generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P Global Ratings for short-term issues:

 

“A-1” - A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

 

“A-2” - A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

 

“A-3” - A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“B” - A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

“C” - A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“D” - A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings - S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. A foreign currency rating on an issuer can differ from the local currency rating on it when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, versus obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

 

“NR” – This indicates that a rating has not been assigned or is no longer assigned.

 

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.

 

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

 

“P-1” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

“P-2” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

“P-3” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

 

“NP” - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issuer.

 

A-1 

 

Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention.1 Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

 

“F1” - Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

 

“F2” - Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

 

“F3” - Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

 

“B” - Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

 

“C” - Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

 

“RD” - Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

 

“D” - Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

 

Plus (+) or minus (-) - The “F1” rating may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show the relative status within that major rating category.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.

 

The DBRS Morningstar® Ratings Limited (“DBRS Morningstar”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.

 

The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS Morningstar for commercial paper and short-term debt:

 

“R-1 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

 

“R-1 (middle)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

 

“R-1 (low)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

 

“R-2 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

 

“R-2 (middle)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.

 


1 A long-term rating can also be used to rate an issue with short maturity.

A-2 

 

“R-2 (low)” - Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.

 

“R-3” - Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.

 

“R-4” - Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.

 

“R-5” - Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.

 

“D” - Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS Morningstar may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

 

Long-Term Credit Ratings

 

The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P Global Ratings for long-term issues:

 

“AAA” - An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

 

“AA” - An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

 

“A” - An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

 

“BBB” - An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” - Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

 

“BB” - An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“B” - An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“CCC” - An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

 

“CC” - An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

 

“C” - An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

 

A-3 

 

“D” - An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.

 

Plus (+) or minus (-) - The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.

 

“NR” - This indicates that a rating has not been assigned, or is no longer assigned.

 

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings - S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. A foreign currency rating on an issuer can differ from the local currency rating on it when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, versus obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

 

Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both on the likelihood of default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

 

“Aaa” - Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

 

“Aa” - Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

 

“A” - Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

 

“Baa” - Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

 

“Ba” - Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

“B” - Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

 

“Caa” - Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

 

“Ca” - Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

 

“C” - Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

 

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to unrated obligations.

 

The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:

 

“AAA” - Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

 

“AA” - Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

 

“A” - Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

 

A-4 

 

“BBB” - Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

 

“BB” - Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.

 

“B” - Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.

 

“CCC” - A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.

 

“CC” - A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.

 

“C” - A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.

 

Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings but are instead rated in the “CCC” to “C” rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.

 

Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.

 

The DBRS Morningstar long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS Morningstar for long-term debt:

 

“AAA” - Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

 

“AA” - Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

 

“A” - Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

 

“BBB” - Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

 

“BB” - Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.

 

“B” - Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.

 

“CCC”, “CC” and “C” - Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.

 

“D” - A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS Morningstar may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

 

A-5 

 

Municipal Note Ratings

 

An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:

 

Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

 

Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

 

Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:

 

“SP-1” - A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

 

“SP-2” - A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

 

“SP-3” - A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

 

“D” - This rating is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.

 

Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale (listed above under Short-Term Credit Ratings) for commercial paper issued by U.S. municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.

 

For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (“VMIG”) scales provided below.

 

Moody’s uses the MIG scale for U.S. municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.

 

MIG Scale

 

“MIG-1” - This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

 

“MIG-2” - This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

 

“MIG-3” - This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

 

“SG” - This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

 

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned. The components are a long-term rating and a short-term demand obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interests payments. The short-term demand obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to make payments associated with the purchase-price-upon demand feature (“demand feature”) of the VRDO. The short-term demand obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. VMIG ratings with liquidity support use as an input the short-term Counterparty Risk Assessment of the support provider, or the long-term rating of the underlying obligor in the absence of third party liquidity support. Transitions of VMIG ratings of demand obligations with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

 

A-6 

 

Moody’s typically assigns the VMIG short-term demand obligation rating if the frequency of the demand feature is less than every three years. If the frequency of the demand feature is less than three years but the purchase price is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the short-term demand obligation rating is “NR”.

“VMIG-1” - This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“VMIG-2” - This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“VMIG-3” - This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 

“NR” - Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

 

About Credit Ratings

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

 

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities.

 

Fitch’s credit ratings are forward-looking opinions on the relative ability of an entity or obligation to meet financial commitments. Issuer default ratings (IDRs) are assigned to corporations, sovereign entities, financial institutions such as banks, leasing companies and insurers, and public finance entities (local and regional governments). Issue level ratings are also assigned, often include an expectation of recovery and may be notched above or below the issuer level rating. Issue ratings are assigned to secured and unsecured debt securities, loans, preferred stock and other instruments. Credit ratings are indications of the likelihood of repayment in accordance with the terms of the issuance. In limited cases, Fitch may include additional considerations (i.e., rate to a higher or lower standard than that implied in the obligation’s documentation).

 

DBRS Morningstar offers independent, transparent, and innovative credit analysis to the market. Credit ratings are forward-looking opinions about credit risk that reflect the creditworthiness of an issuer, rated entity, security and/or obligation based on DBRS Morningstar’s quantitative and qualitative analysis in accordance with applicable methodologies and criteria. They are meant to provide opinions on relative measures of risk and are not based on expectations of, or meant to predict, any specific default probability. Credit ratings are not statements of fact. DBRS Morningstar issues credit ratings using one or more categories, such as public, private, provisional, final(ized), solicited, or unsolicited. From time to time, credit ratings may also be subject to trends, placed under review, or discontinued. DBRS Morningstar credit ratings are determined by credit rating committees.

A-7 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

PEA 282/287

PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28. EXHIBITS

 

(a)   Articles of Incorporation.

 

  (1) Articles of Incorporation of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (2) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (3) Articles of Amendment to Articles of Incorporation of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (4) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (5) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 27, 1990, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (6) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 1990, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (7) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 15, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (8) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 22, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (9) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1993, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

 

 

  (10) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1993, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (11) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (12) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (13) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (14) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 19, 1994, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (15) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 31, 1995.

 

  (16) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 16, 1996.

 

  (17) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 11, 1996.

 

  (18) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 1997.

 

  (19) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997.

 

  (20) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997.

 

 

 

  (21) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998.

 

  (22) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998.

 

  (23) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998.

 

  (24) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998.

 

  (25) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 30, 1999.

 

  (26) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 29, 1999.

 

  (27) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000.

 

  (28) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000.

 

  (29) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000.

 

  (30) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2000.

 

  (31) Articles Supplementary of Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 15, 2001.

 

  (32) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Boston Partners Bond Fund – Institutional Class and Boston Partners Bond Fund – Investor Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 15, 2002.

 

  (33) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund – Institutional Class and Boston Partners Bond Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 15, 2002.

 

 

 

  (34) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Schneider Value Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 16, 2002.

 

  (35) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Institutional Liquidity Fund for Credit Unions and Liquidity Fund for Credit Union Members) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2003.

 

  (36) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2004.

 

  (37) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class, Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Large Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 4, 2005.

 

  (38) Certificate of Correction of Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2005.

 

  (39) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class, Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class, Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Large Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2005.

 

  (40) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Senbanc Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 6, 2005.

 

  (41) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Retirement Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 19, 2005.

 

  (42) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco WPG Core Bond Fund – Investor Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 99 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 27, 2005.

 

  (43) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Bear Stearns CUFS MLP Mortgage Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 103 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 18, 2006.

 

  (44) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Bear Stearns CUFS MLP Mortgage Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 2006.

 

 

 

  (45) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2006.

 

  (46) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Marvin & Palmer Large Cap Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2006.

 

  (47) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2007.

 

  (48) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2007.

 

  (49) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007.

 

  (50) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund – Investor Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 113 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 13, 2007.

 

  (51) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SAM Sustainable Water Fund, SAM Sustainable Climate Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 17, 2007.

 

  (52) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Robeco WPG 130/30 Large Cap Core Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 4, 2007.

 

  (53) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Bear Stearns Multifactor 130/30 US Core Equity Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 17, 2007.

 

  (54) Articles of Amendment to Charter of the Registrant (Bear Stearns Ultra Short Income Fund f/k/a Bear Stearns Enhanced Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 124 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2007.

 

  (55) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SAM Sustainable Global Active Fund, SAM Sustainable Themes Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 128 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 26, 2009.

 

  (56) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Perimeter Small Cap Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 2, 2009.

 

 

 

  (57) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (S1 Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 135 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 19, 2010.

 

  (58) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 6, 2010.

 

  (59) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Small Cap Value Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2010.

 

  (60) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Global Equity Fund (f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund) and Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011.

 

  (61) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011.

 

  (62) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 149 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2012.

 

  (63) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 152 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 29, 2013.

 

  (64) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Long/Short/ Research Fund – Institutional Class – Institutional Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013.

 

  (65) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International VI Equity Portfolio, Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2013.

 

  (66) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI Global Equity Fund f/k/a Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 161 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2013.

 

  (67) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

 

 

  (68) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund and Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (69) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Campbell Core Trend Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 171 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2014.

 

  (70) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014.

 

  (71) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Investment Funds) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 174 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2014.

 

  (72) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015.

 

  (73) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Campbell Core Carry Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015.

 

  (74) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Alpha Blue Dynamic Equity Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 182 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 16, 2015.

 

  (75) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund – Class C f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund – Class C) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 184 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 30, 2015.

 

  (76) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 187 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2015.

 

  (77) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI Small Cap Equity Fund f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016.

 

  (78) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Fasanara Capital Absolute Return Multi-Asset Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 198 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 29, 2016.

 

  (79) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Campbell Dynamic Trend Fund f/k/a Campbell Core Trend Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

 

 

  (80) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund), MFAM Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund), and MFAM Emerging Markets Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016.

 

  (81) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (MFAM Emerging Markets Fund f/k/a Motley Fool Epic Voyage Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 212 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2017.

 

  (82) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017.

 

  (83) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class T) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017.

 

  (84) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund f/k/a Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017.

 

  (85) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017.

 

  (86) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018.

 

  (87) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund – Class I) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (88) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund – Institutional Class) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (89) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (90) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Aquarius International Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (91) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

 

 

  (92) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI Global Equity Fund (f/k/a Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (93) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI Global Equity Fund f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 19, 2018.

 

  (94) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 19, 2018.

 

  (95) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 19, 2018.

 

  (96) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund) and MFAM Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 242 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 19, 2018.

 

  (97) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF (f/k/a Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (98) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Motley Fool Innovation ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (99) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund, MFAM Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, MFAM Emerging Markets Fund and MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

  (100) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a MFAM Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

  (101) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (No. 811-05518) filed on May 21, 2019.

 

  (102) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Campbell Advantage Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (No. 811-05518) filed on May 21, 2019.

 

  (103) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, (f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund), SGI Global Equity Fund (f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund), and SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund (f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (No. 811-05518) filed on May 21, 2019.

 

 

 

  (104) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund (f/k/a Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund)) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (105) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2020.

 

  (106) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (SGI Peak Growth Fund, SGI Prudent Growth Fund, and SGI Conservative Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

  (107) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (108) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.
     
  (109) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (YieldX Diversified Income ETF, YieldX High Income ETF, and YieldX Short-Term Income ETF) are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     
  (110) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI Small Cap Growth Fund f/k/a Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund) is filed herewith.
     
  (111) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF f/k/a YieldX High Income ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF f/k/a YieldX Short-Term Income ETF) is filed herewith.
     
  (112) Articles Supplementary of Registrant (MFAM Global Opportunities ETF and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF) will be filed by amendment.

 

(b)   By-Laws.

 

  (1) By-Laws, as amended, are filed herewith.

 

(c)   Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders.

 

  (1) See Articles VI, VII, VIII, IX and XI of Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation dated February 17, 1988 which are incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 24, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

 

 

  (2) See Articles II, III, VI, XIII, and XIV of Registrant’s By-Laws as amended through August 25, 2004, which are incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 89 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2004.

 

(d)   Investment Advisory Contracts.

 

  (1) Reserved.

 

  (2) Reserved.

 

  (3) Investment Advisory Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund, Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 125 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 27, 2008.

 

  (4) Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Advisory Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund and Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013.

 

  (5) Reserved.

 

  (6) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Boston Partners Investment Funds) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 261 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 28, 2020.

 

  (7) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

  (8) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, and SGI Global Equity Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (9) Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Investment Funds) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013.

 

  (10) Addendum No. 1 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

  (11) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI Global Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

 

 

  (12) Contractual Fee Waiver Agreement (SGI Global Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (13) Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (14) Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC (f/k/a Abbey Capital Offshore Fund Limited) and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (15) Reserved.

 

  (16) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and GAM Systematic LLP (formerly known as Cantab Capital Partners, LLP) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (17) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Eclipse Capital Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (18) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Graham Capital Management, LP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (a) Amendment to Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Graham Capital Management, LP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (19) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and P/E Global LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (20) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Revolution Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

 

 

  (21) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Trigon Investment Advisors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (22) Addendum No. 2 to Investment Advisory Agreement (WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (23) Investment Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (24) Reserved.
     
  (25) Reserved.

 

  (26) Reserved.

 

  (27) Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Aperio Group, LLC will be filed by amendment.

 

  (28) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC is filed herewith.

 

  (29) Reserved.

 

  (30) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (31) Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Pier Capital, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (32) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (33) Addendum No. 3 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

 

 

  (34) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

  (35) Contractual Fee Waiver (SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (36) Reserved.

 

  (37) Reserved.

 

  (38) Reserved.

 

  (39) Investment Advisory Agreement (Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, and Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (40) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, and Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Matson Money Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (41) Addendum No. 4 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (42) First Amendment to Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017.

 

  (43) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Aspect Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (44) Investment Advisory Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (45) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

 

 

  (46) Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (47) Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund) between Campbell Systematic Macro Offshore Limited and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (48) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (49) Addendum No. 5 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (50) Reserved.

 

  (51) Investment Advisory Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund) and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (52) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a MFAM Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (53) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund and Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (54) Investment Advisory Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (55) Investment Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (56) Sub-Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers, LLC and Aperio Group, LLC will be filed by amendment.

 

 

 

  (57) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC is filed herewith.

 

  (58) Sub-Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Mawer Investment Management Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

  (59) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Setanta Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (60) Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (61) Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (62) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Aspect Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (63) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Eclipse Capital Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (64) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Revolution Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (65) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Welton Investment Partners LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (66) Reserved.

 

  (67) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Welton Investment Partners LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (68) Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Advisory Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund, Free Market International Equity Fund and Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 249 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2018.

 

 

 

  (69) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Tudor Investment Corporation is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (70) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Tudor Investment Corporation is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (71) Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (72) Investment Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Abbey Capital Master Offshore Fund Limited and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (73) Investment Advisory Agreement (MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF (f/k/a Motley Fool Small Cap Growth ETF)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (74) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Episteme Capital Partners (UK) LLP is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 252 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 22, 2019.

 

  (75) Investment Co-Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund) among Registrant, Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc., and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (76) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund) among Registrant, Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc., and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (77) Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Advantage Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (78) Investment Advisory Agreement (Campbell Advantage Fund) between Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

 

 

  (79) Addendum No. 6 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II and Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (80) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Crabel Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 260 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 14, 2020.

 

  (81) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (82) Amended Appendix A to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio, Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, and Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.

 

  (83) Amended Appendix A to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund and Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.

 

  (84) Amended Appendix A to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (SGI Funds) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.

 

  (85) Amended Appendix A to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Boston Partners Funds) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.

 

  (86) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI Peak Growth Fund, SGI Prudent Growth Fund, and SGI Conservative Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (87) Addendum No. 7 to Investment Advisory Agreement (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II, Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund and Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (88) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Multi Asset Offshore Fund Limited and Crabel Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

 

 

  (89) Investment Advisory Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is filed herewith.

 

  (90) Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) between Red Gate Advisers, LLC and Stance Capital, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant's Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (91) Sub-Advisory Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) among Registrant, Red Gate Advisers, LLC and Vident Investment Advisory, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (92) Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant's Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.
     
  (93) Trading Advisory Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) among Registrant, Abbey Capital Limited, Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC, Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC and Winton Capital Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.
     
  (94) Amended Appendix A to Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 269 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 18, 2020.
     
  (95) Investment Advisory Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     
  (96) Sub-Advisory Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) between Red Gate Advisers, LLC and YieldX Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021..

 

  (97) Sub-Advisory Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) among Registrant, Red Gate Advisers, LLC and Vident Investment Advisory, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     
  (98) Form of Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     

 

 

 

  (99) Investment Advisory Agreement (YieldX Diversified Income ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (100) Sub-Advisory Agreement (YieldX Diversified Income ETF) between Red Gate Advisers, LLC and YieldX Advisers, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (101) Sub-Advisory Agreement (YieldX Diversified Income ETF) among Registrant, Red Gate Advisers, LLC and Vident Investment Advisory, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (101) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (YieldX Diversified Income ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (102) Investment Advisory Agreement (SGI Small Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investment, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (103) Expense Limitation and Reimbursement Agreement (SGI Small Cap Growth Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investment, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     
  (104) Investment Advisory Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities ETF and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC will be filed by amendment.
     

 

(e)  Underwriting Contracts.

 

  (1) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

  (a) Amendment to Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited dated July 11, 2017 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017.

 

  (b) Amendment to Distribution Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 243 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2018.

 

  (c) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (d) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (2) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

 

 

  (a) Form of Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 238 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 21, 2018.

 

  (b) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (c) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (3) Reserved.

 

  (4) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

  (a) Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (b) Amendment to Distribution Agreement (Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (c) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (d) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (5) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

  (a) Amendment to the Distribution Agreement (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund (f/k/a Campbell Managed Futures 10V Fund)) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 224 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 28, 2017.

 

 

 

  (b) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (c) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (6) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Vigilant Distributors, LLC (f/k/a/ Herald Investment Marketing, LLC) and Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (7) Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Summit Global Investments, LLC dated June 30, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 207 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2016.

 

  (a) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.
     
  (b) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (8) Distribution Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund) and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund)) between Registrant and Foreside Funds Distributors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (9) Distribution Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

  (a) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (b) First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Orinda Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (10) ETF Distribution Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 251 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 8, 2019.

 

 

 

  (a) First Amendment to the ETF Distribution Agreement (MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF (f/k/a Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF)) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (b) Novation Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (c) First Amendment to the ETF Distribution Agreement between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC, and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.
     
  (d)

Amendment to ETF Distribution Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities ETF and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF) between Registrant, Quasar Distributors, LLC and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC will be filed by amendment.

 

  (11) Distribution Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) among Registrant, Vigilant Distributors, LLC and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (a) Amendment to Distribution Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) among Registrant, Vigilant Distributors, LLC and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (b) Amendment to Distribution Agreement (YieldX Diversified Income ETF) among Registrant, Vigilant Distributors, LLC and Red Gate Advisers, LLC will be filed by amendment.

 

  (12) Form of Authorized Participant Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

(f)   Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts.

 

  (1) Form of Deferred Compensation Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

  (2) Form of Deferred Compensation Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

(g)   Custodian Agreement.

 

 

 

  (1) Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association dated June 30, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 260 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 14, 2020.

 

  (2) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (3) Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.
     
  (4) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Custody Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bank National Association will be filed by amendment.

 

(h)   Other Material Contracts.

 

  (1) Non-12b-1 Shareholder Services Plan and Related Form of Shareholder Servicing Agreement (Robeco WPG Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Tudor Fund – Institutional Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 100 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 25, 2005.

 

  (2) Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 260 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on February 14, 2020.

 

  (3) Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (4) Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC dated June 30, 2019 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 256 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 20, 2019.

 

  (5) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (6) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (7) First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (8) Form of Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (9) Form of Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (10) Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (11) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (12) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.
     
  (13) Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith.
     
  (14) Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith.
     
  (15) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is filed herewith.
     
  (16) Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     
  (17) Fifth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

(i) (1) Consent of Counsel is filed herewith.
     
  (2) Opinion of Counsel will be filed by amendment.

 

(j)   Not applicable.

 

(k)   None.

 

 

 

(l)   Initial Capital Agreements.

 

  (1) Subscription Agreement, relating to Classes A through N, is incorporated herein by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 12, 1988, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (2) Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Planco Financial Services, Inc., relating to Classes O and P is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1990. (P)

 

  (3) Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Planco Financial Services, Inc., relating to Class Q is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1990. (P)

 

  (4) Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Counselors Securities Inc. relating to Classes R, S, and Alpha 1 through Theta 4 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 15, 1992, and refiled electronically with Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrant’s Registration Statement filed on October 30, 1998.

 

  (5) Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. relating to Classes TT and UU (Boston Partners Mid Cap Value Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on September 25, 1997.

 

  (6) Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. relating to Classes DDD and EEE (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II (formerly Micro Cap Value)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 1998.

 

  (7) Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management relating to Classes III and JJJ (Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund (formerly Market Neutral)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998.

 

  (8) Form of Purchase Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L. P. relating to Classes KKK and LLL (Boston Partners Fund (formerly Long-Short Equity)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 19, 1999.

 

  (11) Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Asset Management, L.P. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 1, 2002.

 

  (12) Purchase Agreement (WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund f/k/a Robeco WPG Tudor Fund) between Registrant and Weiss, Peck & Greer Investments is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 96 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 6, 2005.

 

 

 

  (13) Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market U.S. Equity Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.), is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007.

 

  (14) Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market International Equity Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.), is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007.

 

  (15) Form of Purchase Agreement (Free Market Fixed Income Fund) between Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.), is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 1, 2007.

 

  (16) Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 4, 2010.

 

  (17) Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Global Equity Fund f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011.

 

  (18) Form of Purchase Agreement (Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011.

 

  (19) Purchase Agreement (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 157 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 29, 2013.

 

  (20) Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund – Investor Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Investor Class) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated hereby by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

  (21) Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Institutional Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund-Institutional Class) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management Inc. is incorporated hereby by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 23, 2013.

 

  (22) Form of Purchase Agreement (SGI Global Equity Fund f/k/a Scotia Dynamic U.S. Growth Fund) between Registrant and Scotia Institutional Asset Management US, Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

 

 

  (23) Form of Purchase Agreement (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (24) Form of Purchase Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund (f/k/a Altair Smaller Companies Fund)) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 172 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 17, 2014.

 

  (25) Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund f/k/a Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund) between Registrant and Robeco Investment Management, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 187 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 29, 2015.

 

  (26) Form of Purchase Agreement (SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016.

 

  (27) Form of Purchase Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Independence Fund) and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth Fund (f/k/a Motley Fool Great America Fund)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 206 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 21, 2016.

 

  (28) Form of Purchase Agreement (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund) between Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017.

 

  (29) Purchase Agreement (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (30) Form of Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund) between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 226 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on August 23, 2017.

 

  (31) Form of Purchase Agreement (Motley Fool 100 Index ETF) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 235 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on January 19, 2018.

 

  (32) Purchase Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) between Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (33) Form of Purchase Agreement (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund) between Registrant and Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 243 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2018.

 

 

 

  (34) Purchase Agreement (MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF (f/k/a Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF)) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 247 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 23, 2018.

 

  (35) Purchase Agreement (Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (36) Purchase Agreement (Campbell Advantage Fund) between Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 254 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 21, 2019.

 

  (37) Purchase Agreement (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 264 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 28, 2020.

 

  (38) Purchase Agreement (SGI Peak Growth Fund, SGI Prudent Growth Fund, and SGI Conservative Fund) between Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (39) Purchase Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.
     
  (40) Purchase Agreement (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.
     
  (41) Purchase Agreement (MFAM Global Opportunities ETF and MFAM Mid-Cap Growth ETF) between Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC will be filed by amendment.

 

(m)   Rule 12b-1 Plan.

 

  (1) Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Mid Cap Value Fund - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 9, 1997.

 

  (2) Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II (formerly Micro Cap Value) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 1998.

 

  (3) Amendment to Plans of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 14, 1998.

 

  (4) Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund (formerly Market Neutral) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 12, 1998.

 

 

 

  (5) Plan of Distribution (Boston Partners Fund (formerly Long Short Equity) - Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 19, 1999.

 

  (6) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 80 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 1, 2002.

 

  (7) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund-Investor Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2010.

 

  (8) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Boston Partners Global Equity Fund-Investor Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Equity Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011.

 

  (9) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Robeco Boston Partners International Equity Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 142 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 14, 2011.

 

  (10) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund — Retail Class) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011.

 

  (11) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund – Class A) is incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 15, 2011.

 

  (12) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund – Investor Class f/k/a Robeco Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund — Investor Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 11, 2013.

 

  (13) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class A) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (14) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 168 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 30, 2014.

 

  (15) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments U.S. Low Volatility Equity Fund —Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 184 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on October 30, 2015.

 

 

 

  (16) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Retail Class) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016.

 

  (17) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI U.S. Small-Cap Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Small Cap Low Volatility Fund – Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 195 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 30, 2016.

 

  (18) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund — Class T) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 216 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on April 10, 2017.

 

  (19) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund — Class A) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017.

 

  (20) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Orinda Income Opportunities Fund — Class D) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 219 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on May 1, 2017.

 

  (21) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund — Class A) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 257 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2019.

 

  (22) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund — Class P) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 257 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2019.

 

  (23) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Campbell Systematic Macro Fund — Class C) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 257 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 27, 2019.

 

  (24) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI Global Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class A Shares (formerly Class II Shares)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017.

 

  (25) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (SGI Global Equity Fund, f/k/a Summit Global Investments Global Low Volatility Fund – Class C Shares (formerly Institutional Shares)) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 232 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 28, 2017.

 

  (26) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund – Class A Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 243 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2018.

 

  (27) Plan of Distribution pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund – Class C Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 243 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 23, 2018.

 

 

 

(n)   Rule 18f-3 Plan.

 

   (1) Amended Rule 18f-3 Plan will be filed by amendment.

 

(p)   Code of Ethics.

 

  (1) Code of Ethics of the Registrant is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

  (2) Code of Ethics of Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. is filed herewith.

 

  (3) Code of Ethics of Matson Money, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

  (4) Code of Ethics of Foreside Financial Group, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (5) Code of Ethics of Summit Global Investments, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 145 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on December 30, 2011.

 

  (6) Code of Ethics of Abbey Capital Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 268 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on November 23, 2020.

 

  (7) Code of Ethics of Altair Advisers LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

  (8) Code of Ethics of Aperio Group, LLC is filed herewith.

 

  (9) Code of Ethics of Driehaus Capital Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 266 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on June 8, 2020.

 

  (10) Code of Ethics of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC is filed herewith.

 

  (11) Code of Ethics of Pier Capital LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

  (12) Code of Ethics of River Road Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (13) Code of Ethics of Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

 

 

  (14) Code of Ethics of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 263 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 25, 2020.

 

  (15) Code of Ethics of Orinda Asset Management LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (16) Code of Ethics of Mawer Investment Management Ltd. is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (17) Code of Ethics of Setanta Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (18) Code of Ethics of Red Gate Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

  (19) Code of Ethics of Stance Capital, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (20) Code of Ethics of Vident Investment Advisory, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.

 

  (21) Code of Ethics of Vigilant Distributors, LLC (f/k/a Herald Investment Marketing, LLC) is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 273 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on March 11, 2021.
     
  (22) Code of Ethics of YieldX Advisers, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 281 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement (No. 33-20827) filed on July 26, 2021.

 

Item 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT

 

None.

 

Item 30. INDEMNIFICATION

 

Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Article VIII of Registrant’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, incorporated herein by reference as Exhibits (a)(1) and (a)(3), provide as follows:

 

Section 1. To the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of directors and officers are permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, no director or officer of the Corporation shall have any liability to the Corporation or its shareholders for damages. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a director or officer of the Corporation whether or not such person is a director or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted.

 

 

 

Section 2. The Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to its currently acting and its former directors to the fullest extent that indemnification of directors is permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law. The Corporation shall indemnify and advance expenses to its officers to the same extent as its directors and to such further extent as is consistent with law. The Board of Directors may by law, resolution or agreement make further provision for indemnification of directors, officers, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by the Maryland General Corporation law.

 

Section 3. No provision of this Article shall be effective to protect or purport to protect any director or officer of the Corporation against any liability to the Corporation or its security holders to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.

 

Section 4. References to the Maryland General Corporation Law in this Article are to the law as from time to time amended. No further amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation shall decrease, but may expand, any right of any person under this Article based on any event, omission or proceeding prior to such amendment. Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between Registrant and Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (“Boston Partners”) (f/k/a Robeco Investment Management, Inc.), incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(9), provides for the indemnification of Boston Partners against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Matson Money, Inc. (f/k/a Abundance Technologies, Inc.), (“Matson Money”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(3) and (d)(39) provides for the indemnification of Matson Money against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Summit Global Investments, LLC (“SGI”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(7), (d)(11), (d)(34), (d)(81) and (d)(86) provides for the indemnification of SGI against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements with Abbey Capital Limited (“Abbey Capital”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(13), (d)(60) and (d)(61) provides for the indemnification of Abbey Capital against certain losses.

 

Section 13 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements with Abbey Capital incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(14) and (d)(71) provides for the indemnification of Abbey Capital against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Altair Advisers LLC (“Altair”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(23) and (d)(55) provide for indemnification of Altair against certain losses.

 

 

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC (“CCIA”) incorporated herein by reference as exhibits (d)(46), (d)(47), (d)(77), and (d)(78) provide for indemnification of CCIA against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, Boston Partners, and CCIA incorporated herein by reference as exhibit (d)(75) provides for indemnification of Boston Partners and CCIA against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of each of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC (“Motley Fool”) incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (d)(51), (d)(54), and (d)(73) provides for indemnification of Motley Fool against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Orinda Asset Management LLC (“Orinda”) incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (d)(44) provides for indemnification of Orinda against certain losses.

 

Section 12 of the Investment Advisory Agreements between the Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC (“Red Gate”) incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (d)(89) and (d)(95) provides for indemnification of Red Gate against certain losses.

 

Section 8 of each of the Distribution Agreements between Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (e)(1) – (e)(5), (e)(7), and (e)(9) provide for the indemnification of Quasar Distributors, LLC against certain losses.

 

Section 8 of each of the Distribution Agreements between Registrant and Vigilant Distributors, LLC incorporated herein by reference to exhibits (e)(6), (e)(11), and (e)(13) provide for the indemnification of Vigilant Distributors, LLC against certain losses.

 

Section 7 of the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Foreside Funds Distributors, LLC incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(8) provides for the indemnification of Foreside Funds Distributors, LLC against certain losses.

 

Section 6 of the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Quasar Distributors, LLC incorporated herein by reference to exhibit (e)(10) provides for the indemnification of Quasar Distributors, LLC against certain losses.

 

Item 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISERS.

 

  1. Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc.

 

The sole business activity of Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc. (“Boston Partners”), One Grand Central Place, 60 East 42nd Street, Suite 1550, New York, New York 10165, is to serve as an investment adviser. Boston Partners provides investment advisory services to the Boston Partners Funds and the WPG Partners Funds.

Boston Partners is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and serves as an investment adviser to domestic and foreign institutional investors, investment companies, commingled trust funds, private investment partnerships and collective investment vehicles. Information as to the directors and officers of Boston Partners is as follows:

 

 

 

Name and Position with Boston Partners Other Company Position With Other Company

Joseph F. Feeney, Jr.

Chief Executive Officer,
Chief Investment Officer

Robeco US Holding, Inc. Director

William George Butterly, III

General Counsel, Director of Sustainability & Engagement

Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc. Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary
  Boston Partners Securities LLC Chief Legal Officer
  Robeco Trust Company Chief Operating Officer, Secretary & Director
  RobecoSAM USA, Inc. Chief Legal Officer, Chief Compliance Officer & Secretary
  Robeco Boston Partners (UK) Limited Director, Chief Operating Officer & Secretary
Gregory Varner
Chief Financial Officer
   

Matthew Davis

Chief Administrative Officer

Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc. President, Treasurer & Director
  Boston Partners Securities LLC Chief Financial Officer
  Robeco Trust Company Director, President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Director
  Robeco Boston Partners (UK) Limited Chief Financial Officer

Mark Kuzminskas

Chief Operating Officer

   

David Steyn

Director

Orix Corporation Europe N.V. Chief Executive Officer

Leni M. Boeren

Director

Orix Corporation Europe N.V. Chief Operating Officer
  Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. Director
  RobecoSAM AG Director
  RobecoSAM USA, Inc. Director

Martin Mlynár

Director

Corestone Investment Managers AG Chief Executive Officer
  Source Capital AG Board Member
  Source Capital Holding AG Board Member

 

 

 

  2. Matson Money, Inc.:

 

The sole business activity of Matson Money, Inc. (“Matson Money”), 5955 Deerfield Blvd., Mason, Ohio 45040, is to serve as an investment adviser. Matson Money is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Below is a list of each executive officer and director of Matson Money indicating each business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each such person has been engaged within the last two years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, partner or trustee.

 

Name and Position with Matson Money, Inc. Name of Other Company Position With Other Company

Mark E. Matson

CEO

Keep It Tight Fitness, LLC 50% owner

Mark E. Matson

CEO

The Matson Family Foundation 100% owner

Michelle Matson

Vice President/ Secretary

None None

Daniel J. List

Chief Compliance Officer

None None

 

 

  3. Summit Global Investments, LLC:

 

The sole business activity of Summit Global Investments, LLC (“SGI”), 620 South Main Street, Bountiful, Utah 84010, is to serve as an investment adviser. SGI is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

The only employment of a substantial nature of each of SGI’s directors and officers is with SGI.

 

  4. Abbey Capital Limited:

 

The only employment of a substantial nature of each of Abbey Capital Limited directors and officers is with Abbey Capital Limited.

 

  5. Altair Advisers LLC:

 

The only employment of a substantial nature of each of Altair Advisers LLC directors and officers is with Altair Advisers LLC.

 

  6. Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC:

 

The principal business activity of Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC (“CCIA”), 2850 Quarry Lake Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, is to serve as an investment adviser. CCIA is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

Below is a list of each executive officer and director of CCIA indicating each business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each such person has been engaged within the last two years, for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, partner or trustee.

 

 

 

Name and Position with CCIA Name of Other Company Position With Other Company

G. Williams Andrews

Chief Executive Officer

Campbell & Company, LP Chief Executive Officer
  Campbell & Company, LLC Director and Chief Executive Officer
  Campbell Financial Services, LLC Director
  Campbell Core Offshore Limited Director
  Campbell Equity Advantage Offshore Fund Limited Director
  Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited Director
  Campbell Offshore Fund Limited Director

Dr. Kevin Cole

Chief Investment Officer

Campbell & Company, LP Chief Investment Officer
  Campbell & Company, LLC Director and Chief Investment Officer

Thomas P. Lloyd

General Counsel & Secretary

Campbell & Company, LP General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer, and Secretary
  Campbell & Company, LLC Director and Secretary
  Campbell Core Offshore Limited Director
  Campbell Financial Services, LLC Director, President, Chief Compliance Officer, and Secretary
  Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited Director

Gabriel A. Morris

Chief Operating Officer

Campbell & Company, LP Chief Operating Officer
 

Campbell Financial Services, LLC

 

Director, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and Treasurer
  Campbell & Company, LLC Director and Chief Operating Officer

 

  7. Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC:

 

A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC and each director, officer, or partner of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in the Form ADV of Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC, as filed with the SEC on December 24, 2020, and is incorporated herein by this reference.

 

 

 

  8. Orinda Asset Management, LLC:

 

A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which Orinda Asset Management, LLC and each director, officer, or partner of Orinda Asset Management, LLC is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in the Form ADV of Orinda Asset Management LLC, as filed with the SEC on July 7, 2021, and is incorporated herein by this reference.

 

  9. Red Gate Advisers, LLC:

A description of any other business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature in which Red Gate Advisers, LLC and each director, officer, or partner of Red Gate Advisers, LLC is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in the Form ADV of Red Gate Advisers, LLC, as filed with the SEC on August 27, 2021, and is incorporated herein by this reference.

 

Item 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER

 

(a)(1) Quasar Distributors, LLC (“Quasar”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1.Aasgard Small & Mid Cap Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

2.American Trust Allegiance Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

3.Capital Advisors Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

4.Chase Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

5.Davidson Multi Cap Equity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

6.Edgar Lomax Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

7.First Sentier American Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

8.First Sentier Global Listed Infrastructure Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

9.Fort Pitt Capital Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

10.Huber Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

11.Huber Select Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

12.Huber Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

13.Huber Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

14.Logan Capital International Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

15.Logan Capital Large Cap Core Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

16.Logan Capital Large Cap Growth Fund , Series of Advisors Series Trust

17.Logan Capital Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

18.O'Shaughnessy Market Leaders Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

19.PIA BBB Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

20.PIA High Yield Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

21.PIA High Yield Managed Account Completion Shares (MACS) Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

22.PIA MBS Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

23.PIA Short-Term Securities Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

24.Poplar Forest Cornerstone Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

25.Poplar Forest Partners Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

 

 

 

26.Pzena Emerging Markets Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

27.Pzena International Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

28.Pzena Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

29.Pzena Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

30.Scharf Alpha Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

31.Scharf Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

32.Scharf Global Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

33.Scharf Multi-Asset Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

34.Semper MBS Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

35.Semper Short Duration Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

36.Shenkman Capital Floating Rate High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

37.Shenkman Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust

38.The Aegis Funds

39.Allied Asset Advisors Funds

40.Alpha Architect ETF Trust

41.Angel Oak Funds Trust

42.Barrett Opportunity Fund, Inc.

43.Bridges Investment Fund, Inc.

44.Brookfield Investment Funds

45.Buffalo Funds

46.Cushingâ Mutual Funds Trust

47.DoubleLine Funds Trust

48.Ecofin Tax-Advantaged Social Impact Fund, Inc. (f/k/a Tortoise Tax-Advantaged Social Infrastructure Fund, Inc.)

49.AAM Low Duration Preferred and Income Securities ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

50.AAM S&P 500 Emerging Markets High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

51.AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

52.AAM S&P Developed Markets High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

53.The Acquirers Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions

54.AI Powered International Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

55.AlphaClone Alternative Alpha ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

56.AlphaMark Actively Managed Small Cap ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

57.Aptus Collared Income Opportunity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

58.Aptus Defined Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

59.Aptus Drawdown Managed Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

60.Blue Horizon BNE ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

61.CBOE Vest S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats Target Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

62.Change Finance Diversified Impact US Large Cap Fossil Fuel Free ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

63.ClearShares OCIO ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

64.ClearShares Piton Intermediate Fixed Income Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions

65.ClearShares Ultra-Short Maturity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

66.Deep Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

67.Distillate International Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

68.Distillate US Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

69.Hoya Capital Housing ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

70.LHA Market State Alpha Seeker ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

71.LHA Market State Tactical Beta ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

72.LHA Market State US Tactical ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

73.Loncar Cancer Immunotherapy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

74.Loncar China BioPharma ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

 

 

 

75.Nationwide Maximum Diversification Emerging Markets Core Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

76.Nationwide Maximum Diversification US Core Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

77.Nationwide Risk-Based International Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

78.Nationwide Risk-Based US Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

79.Nationwide Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

80.NETLease Corporate Real Estate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

81.Opus Small Cap Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

82.Premise Capital Diversified Tactical ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

83.US Global GO GOLD and Precious Metal Miners ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

84.US Global JETS ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

85.US Vegan Climate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

86.Volshares Large Cap ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

87.First American Funds, Inc.

88.FundX Investment Trust

89.The Glenmede Fund, Inc.

90.The Glenmede Portfolios

91.The GoodHaven Funds Trust

92.Greenspring Fund, Incorporated

93.Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.

94.Hennessy Funds Trust

95.Horizon Funds

96.Hotchkis & Wiley Funds

97.Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust

98.Jacob Funds Inc.

99.The Jensen Quality Growth Fund Inc.

100.Kirr, Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.

101.AAF First Priority CLO Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

102.Core Alternative ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

103.Wahed FTSE USA Shariah ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

104.LKCM Funds

105.LoCorr Investment Trust

106.Lord Asset Management Trust

107.MainGate Trust

108.ATAC Rotation Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

109.Cove Street Capital Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

110.Ecofin Digital Payments Infrastructure Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

111.Ecofin Global Renewables Infrastructure Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

112.Ecofin Global Water ESG Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

113.Great Lakes Bond Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

114.Great Lakes Disciplined Equity Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

115.Great Lakes Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

116.Great Lakes Small Cap Opportunity Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

117.Jackson Square Global Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

118.Jackson Square International Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

119.Jackson Square Large-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

120.Jackson Square Select 20 Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

121.Jackson Square SMID-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

122.LK Balanced Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

123.Muhlenkamp Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

124.Nuance Concentrated Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

 

 

 

125.Nuance Concentrated Value Long Short Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

126.Nuance Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

127.Port Street Quality Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

128.Principal Street High Income Municipal Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

129.Reinhart Genesis PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

130.Reinhart Mid Cap PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
131.TorrayResolute Small/Mid Cap Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

132.Tortoise Energy Evolution Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

133.Tortoise MLP & Energy Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

134.Tortoise MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

135.Tortoise MLP & Pipeline Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

136.Tortoise North American Pipeline Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

137.Argent Small Cap Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

138.Hardman Johnston International Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

139.Hood River Small-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

140.iM DBi Hedge Strategy ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

141.iM DBi Managed Futures Strategy ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

142.iM Dolan McEniry Corporate Bond Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

143.Pemberwick Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

144.Vert Global Sustainable Real Estate Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios

145.Matrix Advisors Funds Trust

146.Matrix Advisors Value Fund, Inc.
147.Monetta Trust

148.Nicholas Equity Income Fund, Inc.

149.Nicholas Fund, Inc.

150.Nicholas II, Inc.

151.Nicholas Limited Edition, Inc.

152.Permanent Portfolio Family of Funds

153.Perritt Funds, Inc.

154.Procure ETF Trust II

155.Professionally Managed Portfolios

156.Prospector Funds, Inc.

157.Provident Mutual Funds, Inc.

158.RBC Funds Trust

159.Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

160.Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

161.Adara Smaller Companies Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

162.Aquarius International Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

163.Bogle Small Cap Growth Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

164.Boston Partners All Cap Value Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

165.Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

166.Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

167.Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

168.Boston Partners Global Equity Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

169.Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

170.Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

171.Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

172.Boston Partners Small Cap Value II Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

173.Campbell Advantage Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

174.Campbell Systematic Macro Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

175.MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

 

 

 

176.Motley Fool 100 Index ETF, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

177.Orinda Income Opportunities Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

178.SGI Conservative Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

179.SGI Global Equity Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

180.SGI Peak Growth Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

181.SGI Prudent Growth Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

182.SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

183.SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

184.SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

185.WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund, Series of RBB Fund, Inc.

186.Series Portfolios Trust

187.Thompson IM Funds, Inc.

188.TrimTabs ETF Trust

189.Trust for Advised Portfolios

190.Barrett Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

191.Bright Rock Mid Cap Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

192.Bright Rock Quality Large Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

193.Convergence Long/Short Equity Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

194.Convergence Market Neutral Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

195.CrossingBridge Low Duration High Yield Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

196.Dearborn Partners Rising Dividend Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

197.Jensen Global Quality Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

198.Jensen Quality Value Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

199.Marketfield Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

200.Rockefeller Core Taxable Bond Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

201.Rockefeller Equity Allocation Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

202.Rockefeller Intermediate Tax Exempt National Bond Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

203.Rockefeller Intermediate Tax Exempt New York Bond Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

204.Snow Capital Long/Short Opportunity Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

205.Snow Capital Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

206.Terra Firma US Concentrated Realty Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

207.USQ Core Real Estate Fund

208.Wall Street EWM Funds Trust

209.Wisconsin Capital Funds, Inc.

 

(a)(2) Foreside Funds Distributors LLC serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1. Fairholme Funds, Inc.
2. FundVantage Trust
3. GuideStone Funds
4. Matthews International Funds (d/b/a Matthews Asia Funds)
5. Motley Fool Funds, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
6. New Alternatives Fund
7. Old Westbury Funds, Inc.
8. The Torray Fund
9. Versus Capital Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC (f/k/a Versus Global Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC)
10. Versus Capital Real Assets Fund LLC

 

 

 

(a)(3) Vigilant Distributors, LLC serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1. Free Market Fixed Income Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
2. Free Market International Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
3. Free Market US Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
4. Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
5. Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

6.

7.

8.

Matson Money US Equity VI Portfolio, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

YCG Funds

9. DriveWealth Power Saver ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
10. DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
11. YieldX Diversified Income ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.

 

(b)(1) The following are the Officers and Manager of Quasar, one of the Registrant’s underwriters. Quasar’s main business address is 111 East Kilbourn Ave., Suite 2200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.

 

Name Address Position with Underwriter Position with Registrant
Richard J. Berthy Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101
President, Treasurer and Manager None
Mark A. Fairbanks Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101
Vice President None
Teresa Cowan 111 East Kilbourn Ave,
Suite 2200,
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Vice President None
Jennifer K. DiValerio 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park,
Suite 110,
Berwyn, PA 19312
Vice President None
Susan L. LaFond 111 E. Kilbourn Ave,
Suite 2200,
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Vice President and Co-Chief Compliance Officer None
Jennifer A. Brunner 111 E. Kilbourn Ave,
Suite 2200,
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Vice President and Co-Chief Compliance Officer None
Jennifer E. Hoopes Three Canal Plaza,
Suite 100,
Portland, ME 04101
Secretary None

 

  (b)(2) The following are the Officers and Manager of Foreside Funds Distributors LLC, one of the Registrant’s underwriters. Foreside Funds Distributors LLC’s main business address is 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312.

 

 

 

Name Address Position with Underwriter Position with Registrant
Richard J. Berthy Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 President, Treasurer and Manager None
Mark A. Fairbanks Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 Vice President None
Teresa Cowan 111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, WI 53202 Vice President None

Jennifer K. DiValerio

 

899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 Vice President None
Susan K. Moscaritolo Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer None
Jennifer E. Hoopes Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 Secretary None

 

  (b)(3) The following are the Officers and Manager of Vigilant Distributors, LLC, one of the Registrant’s underwriters. Vigilant Distributors, LLC’s main business address is Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, PA 19317.

 

Name Address Position with Underwriter Position with Registrant
Patrick Chism Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, PA 19317 Chief Executive Officer and Chief Compliance Officer None
Gerald Scarpati Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, PA 19317 Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer None

 

  (c) Not Applicable

 

Item 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS

 

(1) Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc., One Grand Central Place, 60 East 42nd Street, Suite 1550, New York, New York 10165 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(2) Matson Money, Inc. (formerly Abundance Technologies, Inc.), 5955 Deerfield Blvd., Mason, Ohio 45040 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(3) Summit Global Investments, LLC, 620 South Main Street, Bountiful, Utah 84010 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

 

 

(4) Abbey Capital Limited, 1-2 Cavendish Row, Dublin 1, Ireland (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(5) Altair Advisers LLC, 303 West Madison, Suite 600, Chicago, Illinois 60606 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(6) Campbell & Company Investment Adviser LLC, 2850 Quarry Lake Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21209 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(7) Motley Fool Asset Management, LLC, 2000 Duke Street, Suite 275, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(8) Orinda Asset Management, LLC, 3390 Mt. Diablo Boulevard, Suite 250, Lafayette, California 94549 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(9) Red Gate Advisers, LLC, Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317 (records relating to its function as investment adviser).

 

(10) U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (records relating to its function as administrator, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent).

 

(11) U.S. Bank, N.A., 1555 North RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53212 (records relating to its function as custodian).

 

(12) Quasar Distributors, LLC, 111 East Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 (records relating to its function as underwriter).

 

(13) Foreside Funds Distributors LLC, 899 Cassatt Road, 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312 (records related to its function as underwriter).
   
(14) Vigilant Distributors, LLC, Gateway Corporate Center, Suite 216, 223 Wilmington West Chester Pike, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317 (records relating to its function as underwriter).

 

Item 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES

 

None.

 

Item 35. UNDERTAKINGS

 

Not applicable.

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Chadds Ford, and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on September 27, 2021.

 

  THE RBB FUND, INC.  
     
  By: /s/ Salvatore Faia  
    Salvatore Faia  
    President  

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Amendment to Registrant’s Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

SIGNATURE   TITLE   DATE
         
/s/ Salvatore Faia   President (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Compliance Officer   September 27, 2021
Salvatore Faia      
         
/s/ James G. Shaw   Treasurer (Chief Financial Officer) and Secretary   September 27, 2021
James G. Shaw        
         
*J. Richard Carnall   Director   September 27, 2021
J. Richard Carnall        
         
*Julian A. Brodsky   Director   September 27, 2021
Julian A. Brodsky        
         
*Arnold M. Reichman   Director   September 27, 2021
Arnold M. Reichman        
         
*Robert Sablowsky   Director   September 27, 2021
Robert Sablowsky        
         
*Robert Straniere   Director   September 27, 2021
Robert Straniere        
         
*Nicholas A. Giordano   Director   September 27, 2021
Nicholas A. Giordano        
         
*Gregory P. Chandler   Director   September 27, 2021
Gregory P. Chandler        
         
*Brian T. Shea   Director   September 27, 2021
Brian T. Shea        

 

*By: /s/ Salvatore Faia  
Salvatore Faia  
Attorney-in-Fact  

 

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Julian A. Brodsky, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ Julian A. Brodsky  
     
  Julian A. Brodsky  

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, J. Richard Carnall, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ J. Richard Carnall  
     
  J. Richard Carnall  

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Nicholas A. Giordano, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ Nicholas A. Giordano  
     
  Nicholas A. Giordano  

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Arnold M. Reichman, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ Arnold M. Reichman  
     
  Arnold M. Reichman  

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Robert Sablowsky, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ Robert Sablowsky  
     
  Robert Sablowsky  

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Robert A. Straniere, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 16, 2017  
     
  /s/ Robert Straniere  
     
  Robert Straniere  

 

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Gregory P. Chandler, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: February 17, 2017  
     
  /s/ Gregory P. Chandler  
     
  Gregory P. Chandler  

 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

(the “Company”)

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Know All Men by These Presents, that the undersigned, Brian T. Shea, hereby constitutes and appoints Salvatore Faia, Michael P. Malloy, James G. Shaw, Edward Paz, and Robert Amweg, his true and lawful attorneys, to execute in his name, place, and stead, in his capacity as Director or officer, or both, of the Company, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto and all instruments necessary or incidental in connection therewith, and to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and said attorneys shall have full power and authority to do and perform in his name and on his behalf, in any and all capacities, every act whatsoever requisite or necessary to be done in the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, said acts of said attorneys being hereby ratified and approved.

 

DATED: May 10, 2018  
     
  /s/ Brian T. Shea  
     
  Brian T. Shea  

 

 

 

PEA 282/287

 

EXHIBIT DESCRIPTION
(a)(110) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (SGI Small Cap Growth Fund f/k/a Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund)
(a)(111) Articles of Amendment of Registrant (DriveWealth Power Saver ETF f/k/a YieldX High Income ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF f/k/a YieldX Short-Term Income ETF)
(b)(1) By-Laws, as amended
(d)(28) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Adara Smaller Companies Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC
(d)(57) Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement (Aquarius International Fund) among Registrant, Altair Advisers LLC and Driehaus Capital Management LLC
(d)(89) Investment Advisory Agreement (Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF) between Registrant and Red Gate Advisers, LLC
(h)(13) Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(h)(14) Fourth Amendment to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(h)(15) Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement between Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
(i)(1) Consent of Counsel
(p)(2) Code of Ethics of Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc.
(p)(8) Code of Ethics of Aperio Group, LLC
(p)(10) Code of Ethics of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC

THE RBB FUND, INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

 

THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:

 

FIRST: The charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”) is hereby amended to change the name of the following classes of common stock of the Corporation as set forth below:

 

Old Designation

 

New Designation
Class NNN Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund – Institutional Class Class NNN SGI Small Cap Growth Fund – Class I

 

 

SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the Charter was approved by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors and is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

  THE RBB FUND, INC.  
       
  By: /s/ Salvatore Faia  
    Salvatore Faia  
    President  

ATTEST:

 

/s/ James G. Shaw

James G. Shaw

Secretary

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT

 

THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter called the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland that:

 

FIRST: The charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”) is hereby amended to change the name of the following classes of common stock of the Corporation as set forth below:

 

Old Designation

New Designation
Class IIIIIII YieldX High Income ETF Class IIIIIII DriveWealth Power Saver ETF
Class JJJJJJJ YieldX Short-Term Income ETF Class JJJJJJJ DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF

 

SECOND: The foregoing amendment to the Charter was approved by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors and is limited to a change expressly permitted by Section 2-605 of the Maryland General Corporation Law to be made without action by the stockholders of the Corporation.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these presents to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its duly authorized President who acknowledges that these Articles of Amendment are the act of the Corporation, that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, all matters and facts set forth herein relating to the authorization and approval of these Articles are true in all material respects, and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

  THE RBB FUND, INC.  
       
  By: /s/ Salvatore Faia  
    Salvatore Faia  
    President  

ATTEST:

 

/s/ James G. Shaw

James G. Shaw

Secretary

 

BY-LAWS

 

OF

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.

 

Adopted August 16, 1988

 

ARTICLE I

 

Offices

 

Section 1. Principal Office. The principal office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Baltimore, State of Maryland.

 

Section 2. Principal Executive Office. The principal executive office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Paoli, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

 

Section 3. Other Offices. The Corporation may have such other offices in such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

 

ARTICLE II

 

Meetings of Shareholders

 

Section 1. No Annual Meeting Required. No Annual Meeting of shareholders of the Corporation shall be held unless required by applicable law or otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. Any Annual Meeting shall be held on such date and at such time and place as the Board of Directors may designate. [As Amended July 25, 1989]

 

Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation may be called for any purpose or purposes by a majority of the Board of Directors or the President, and shall be called by the President or Secretary on the written request of the shareholders (i) as provided by the Maryland General Corporation Law and (ii) to remove a director upon written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of all the outstanding shares of the Corporation. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it; provided, however, that with respect to clause (i) of this Section's first sentence, unless requested by shareholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting, a special meeting need not be called to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a matter voted on at any special meeting of the shareholders held during the preceding 12 months. [As Amended October 24, 1989]

 

  

 

Section 3. Place of Meetings. The regular meeting, if any, and any special meeting of the shareholders shall be held at such place within the United States as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

 

Section 4. Notice of Meetings; Waiver of Notice; Shareholder List. (a) Notice of the place, date and time of the holding of each regular and special meeting of the shareholders and the purpose or purposes of the meeting shall be given personally or by mail, not less than ten nor more than ninety days before the date of such meeting, to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each other shareholder entitled to notice of the meeting. Notice by mail shall be deemed to be duly given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the shareholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. The notice of every meeting of shareholders may be accompanied by a form of proxy approved by the Board of Directors in favor of such actions or persons as the Board of Directors may select.

 

(b) Notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be deemed waived by any shareholder who shall attend such meeting in person or by proxy, or who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice which is filed with the records of the meeting. A meeting of shareholders convened on the date for which it was called may be adjourned from time to time without further notice to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date.

 

(c) At least five (5) days prior to each meeting of shareholders, the officer or agent having charge of the share transfer books of the Corporation shall make a complete list of shareholders entitled to vote at such meeting, in alphabetical order with the address of and the number of shares held by each shareholder.

 

Section 5. Organization and Conduct. At each meeting of shareholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if one has been designated by the Board of Directors, shall act as chairman of the meeting. If no one has been designated as Chairman of the Board of Directors, the chairman of the meeting shall be a director or officer of the Corporation selected by the Board of Directors. The Secretary, or in the Secretary’s absence or inability to act, any person appointed by the chairman of the meeting, shall act as secretary of the meeting and record the minutes thereof. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of shareholders shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of such chairman and without any action by the shareholders, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to shareholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to shareholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments; (e) determining when and for how long the polls should be open and when the polls should be closed; (f) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (g) removing any shareholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairman of the meeting; (h) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and at a place announced at the meeting; and (i) complying with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of shareholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure. [As Amended May 18, 2011]

 

 

Section 6. Voting. (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute or the Articles of incorporation, each holder of record of shares of the Corporation having voting power shall be entitled at each meeting of the shareholders to one vote for every share standing in his name on the record of shareholders of the Corporation as of the record date determined pursuant to Section 5 of Article VI hereof or if such record date shall not have been so fixed, then at the later of (i) the close of business on the day on which notice of the meeting is mailed or (ii) the thirtieth (30) day before the meeting. In all elections for Directors, each share of share may be voted for as many individuals as there are Directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted.

 

(b) Each shareholder entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders may authorize another person or persons to act for him or her by a proxy signed by such shareholder or his or her authorized agent, as provided by Maryland law. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven months from the date thereof, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the shareholder executing it, except in those cases where such proxy states that it is irrevocable and where an irrevocable proxy is permitted by law. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any corporate action to be taken by vote of the shareholders shall be authorized by a majority of the total votes cast at a meeting of shareholders at which a quorum is present by the holders of shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on such action, except that a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting at which a quorum is present is sufficient to elect a Director. [As Amended April 24, 1996]

 

(c) If a vote shall be taken on any question other than the election of Directors which shall be by written ballot, then unless required by statute or these By-Laws or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be advisable, any such vote need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the shareholder voting, or by his proxy, if there be such proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted.

 

Section 7. Inspectors. The Board may, in advance of any meeting of shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If the inspectors shall not be so appointed or if any of them shall fail to appear or act, the chairman of the meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting shall, appoint inspectors. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors shall determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders. On request of the chairman of the meeting or any shareholder entitled to vote at it, the inspectors shall make a report in writing of any challenge, request or matter determined by them and shall execute a certificate of any fact found by them. No Director or candidate for the office of Director shall act as inspector of an election of Directors. Inspectors need not be shareholders.

 

 

Section 8. Consent of Shareholders in Lieu of Meeting. Except as otherwise provided by statute, any action required to be taken at any regular or special meeting of shareholders or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if the following are filed with the records of shareholders' meetings: (i) a unanimous written consent which sets forth the action and is signed by each shareholder entitled to vote on the matter and (ii) a written waiver of any right to dissent signed by each shareholder entitled to notice of the meeting but not entitled to vote at it.

 

ARTICLE III

 

Board of Directors

 

Section 1. General Powers. Except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. All powers of the Corporation may be exercised by or under authority of the Board of Directors except as conferred on or reserved to the shareholders by law or by the Articles of Incorporation or these By-Laws.

 

Section 2. Number of Directors. The number of Directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors adopted by a majority of the Directors then in office; provided, however, that the number of Directors shall in no event be less than three (except for any period during which shares of the Corporation are held by fewer than three shareholders) nor more than fifteen. Any vacancy created by an increase in Directors may be filled in accordance with Section 6 of this Article III. No reduction in the number of Directors shall have the effect of removing any Director from office prior to the expiration of his term unless such Director is specifically removed pursuant to Section 5 of this Article III at the time of such decrease. Directors need not be shareholders.

 

Section 3. Election and Term of Directors. Directors shall be elected by majority vote of a quorum cast by written ballot at the regular meeting of shareholders, if any, or at a special meeting held for that purpose. The term of office of each Director shall be from the time of his election and qualification and until his successor shall have been elected and shall have qualified, or until his death, or until he shall have resigned, or have been removed as hereinafter provided in these By-Laws, or as otherwise provided by statute or the Articles of Incorporation.

 

Section 4. Resignation. A Director of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board or the Chairman of the Board or the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

 

Section 5. Removal of Directors. Any Director of the Corporation may be removed by the shareholders by a vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast for the election of Directors.

 

Section 6. Vacancies. The shareholders may elect a successor to fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors which results from the removal of a Director. A majority of the remaining Directors, whether or not sufficient to constitute a quorum, may fill a vacancy on the Board of Directors which results from any cause except an increase in the number of Directors, and a majority of the entire Board of Directors may fill a vacancy which results from an increase in the number of Directors. A Director elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy serves until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his successor is elected and qualifies. A Director elected by the shareholders to fill a vacancy which results from the removal of a Director serves for the balance of the term of the removed Director.

 

Section 7. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board may be held with notice at such times and places as may be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 8. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, or by a majority of the Directors either in writing or by vote at a meeting, and may be held at any place in or out of the State of Maryland as the Board may from time to time determine.

 

Section 9. Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of each special meeting of the Board shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be delivered to each Director, either personally or by telephone, telegraph, cable or wireless, at least twenty-four hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held, or by first-class mail, postage prepaid, or by commercial delivery services addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business, at least three days before the day on which such meeting is to be held.

 

Section 10. Waiver of Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of any special meeting need not be given to any Director who shall, either before or after the meeting, sign a written waiver of notice which is filed with the records of the meeting or who shall attend such meeting. Except as otherwise specifically required by these By-Laws, a notice or waiver of notice of any meeting need not state the purposes of such meeting.

 

Section 11. Quorum and Voting. A majority of the members of the entire Board shall be present in person at any meeting of the Board in order to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, and except as otherwise expressly required by statute, the Articles of Incorporation, these By-Laws, the 1940 Act or other applicable statute, the act of a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board; provided, however, that the approval of any contract with an investment adviser or principal underwriter, as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act, which the Corporation enters into or any renewal or amendment thereof, the approval of the fidelity bond required by the 1940 Act, and the selection of the Corporation's independent public accountants shall each require the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors who are not interested persons, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Corporation. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board, a majority of the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, but not for a period greater than thirty (30) days at any one time, to another time and place until a quorum shall attend. Notice of the time and place of any adjourned meeting shall be given to the Directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment and, unless such time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken, to the other Directors. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.

 

 

Section 12. Chairman. The Board of Directors may at any time appoint one of its members as Chairman of the Board, who shall serve at the pleasure of the Board and who shall perform and execute such duties and powers as may be conferred upon or assigned to him by the Board or these By-Laws, but who shall not by reason of performing and executing these duties and powers be deemed an officer or employee of the Corporation.

 

Section 13. Organization. The Chairman of the Board, if one has been selected and is present, shall preside at every meeting of the Board of Directors. In the absence or inability of the Chairman of the Board to preside at a meeting, the President, or, in his absence or inability to act, another Director chosen by a majority of the Directors present, shall act as chairman of the meeting and preside at it. The Secretary (or, in his absence or inability to act, any person appointed by the Chairman) shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.

 

Section 14. Written Consent of Directors in Lieu of a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof, except actions with respect to which a vote in person is required by law, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board or

committee.

 

Section 15. Meeting by Conference Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time, except that in such a meeting the Board cannot perform any action with respect to which a vote in person is required by law.

 

Section 16. Compensation. Any Director, whether or not he is a salaried officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, may be compensated for his services as Director or as a member of a committee, or as Chairman of the Board or chairman of a committee, and in addition may be reimbursed for transportation and other expenses, all in such manner and amounts as the Directors may from time to time determine.

 

 

Section 17. Investment Policies. It shall be the duty of the Board of Directors to ensure that the purchase, sale, retention and disposal of portfolio securities and the other investment practices of the Corporation are at all times consistent with the investment policies and restrictions with respect to securities investments and otherwise of the Corporation, as recited in the current Prospectus of the Corporation filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission and as required by the 1940 Act. The Board, however, may delegate the duty of management of the assets and the administration of its day-to-day operations to an individual or corporate management company or investment adviser pursuant to a written contract or contracts which have obtained the requisite approvals, including the requisite approvals of renewals thereof, of the Board of Directors or the shareholders of the Corporation in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

Section 18. Directors Emeritus. The Directors may, from time to time, in their discretion confer upon one or more former Directors the title of “Director Emeritus.” Such title shall be honorary in nature to designate the conferee as a former Director, and persons upon whom the title may be conferred shall be appointed for the limited purpose of providing advice and counsel to the Directors in connection with their management of the business and affairs of the Company, shall not be members of the Board of Directors, shall not vote upon matters submitted to a vote of the Directors, and shall serve as Directors Emeritus for such periods and upon such terms, including the receipt of compensation and reimbursements, as the Directors may establish from time to time by resolution. [As Amended September 22, 2021]

 

ARTICLE IV

 

Committees

 

Section 1. Committees of the Board. The Board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, designate an Executive Committee, Compensation Committee, Audit Committee and Nomination Committee, each of which shall consist of two or more of the Directors of the Corporation, which committee shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board with respect to all matters other than as set forth in Section 3 of this Article.

 

Section 2. Other Committees of the Board. The Board of Directors may from time to time, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more other committees of the Board, each such committee to consist of two or more Directors and to have such powers and duties as the Board of Directors may, by resolution, prescribe.

 

Section 3. Limitation of Committee Powers. No committee of the Board shall have power or authority to:

 

(a)recommend to shareholders any action requiring authorization of shareholders pursuant to statute or the Articles of Incorporation;

 

 

(b)approve or terminate any contract with an investment adviser or principal underwriter, as such terms are defined in the 1940 Act, or take any other action required to be taken by the Board of Directors by the 1940 Act;

 

(c)amend or repeal these By-Laws or adopt new By-Laws;

 

(d)declare dividends or other distributions or issue capital share of the Corporation; and

 

(e)approve any merger or share exchange which does not require shareholder approval.

 

Section 4. General. One-third, but not less than two members, of the members of any committee shall be present in person at any meeting of such committee in order to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at such meeting, and the act of a majority present shall be the act of such committee. The Board may designate a chairman of any committee and such chairman or any two members of any committee may fix the time and place of its meetings unless the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence of disqualification of any member or any committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. The Board shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill all vacancies, to designate alternate members, to replace any absent or disqualified member, or to dissolve any such committee.

 

All committees shall keep written minutes of their proceedings and shall report such minutes to the Board. All such proceedings shall be subject to revision or alteration by the Board; provided, however, that third parties shall not be prejudiced by such revision or alteration.

 

ARTICLE V

 

Officers, Agents and Employees

 

Section 1. Number and Qualifications. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer and a Chief Compliance Officer, each of whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may elect or appoint one or more Vice Presidents and may also appoint such other officers, agents and employees as it may deem necessary or proper. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person, but no officer shall execute, acknowledge or verify any instrument in more than one capacity. The Board may from time to time elect or appoint, or delegate to the President the power to appoint, such other officers (including one or more Assistant Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Treasurers and one or more Assistant Secretaries) and such agents, as may be necessary or desirable for the business of the Corporation. Such other officers and agents shall have such duties and shall hold their offices for such terms as may be prescribed by the Board or by the appointing authority. [As amended February 11, 2009]

 

 

Section 2. Resignations. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, immediately upon its receipt; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

 

Section 3. Removal of Officer, Agent or Employee. Any officer, agent or employee of the Corporation may be removed by the Board of Directors with or without cause at any time, and the Board may delegate such power of removal as to agents and employees not elected or appointed by the Board of Directors. Such removal shall be without prejudice to such person's contract rights, if any, but the appointment of any person as an officer, agent or employee of the

Corporation shall not of itself create contract rights.

 

Section 4. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office, whether arising from death, resignation, removal or any other cause, may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term of the office which shall be vacant, in the manner prescribed in these By-Laws for the regular election or appointment to such office.

 

Section 5. Compensation. The compensation of the officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, but this power may be delegated to any committee or to any officer in respect of other officers under his control. No officer shall be precluded from receiving such compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a Director of the Corporation.

 

Section 6. Bonds or other Security. If required by the Board, any officer, agent or employee of the Corporation shall give a bond or other security for the faithful performance of his duties, in such amount and with such surety or sureties as the Board may require.

 

Section 7. President. The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board (or if there be none), the President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall have, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, general charge of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He may employ and discharge employees and agents of the Corporation, except such as shall be appointed by the Board, and he may delegate these powers.

 

Section 8. The Vice Presidents. In the absence or disability of the President, or when so directed by the President, any Vice President designated by the Board of Directors may perform any or all of the duties of the President, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President; provided, however, that no Vice President shall act as a member of or as chairman of any committee of which the President is a member or chairman by designation of ex-officio, except when designated by the Board. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned to him by the Board or the President.

 

 

Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall:

 

(a)       have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all the funds and securities of the Corporation, except those which the Corporation has placed in the custody of a bank or trust company or member of a national securities exchange (as that term is defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) pursuant to a written agreement designating such bank or trust company or member of a national securities exchange as custodian of the property of the Corporation;

 

(b)       keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation;

 

(c)       cause all moneys and other valuables to be deposited to the credit of the Corporation;

 

(d)       receive, and give receipts for, moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever;

 

(e)       disburse the funds of the Corporation and supervise the investment of its funds as ordered or authorized by the Board, taking proper vouchers therefor; and

 

(f)       in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board or the President.

 

Section 10. Assistant Treasurers. In the absence or disability of the Treasurer, or when so directed by the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer may perform any or all of the duties of the Treasurer, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Treasurer. Each Assistant Treasurer shall perform all such other duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned to him by the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer.

 

Section 11. Secretary. The Secretary shall:

 

(a)       keep or cause to be kept in one or more books provided for the purpose, the minutes of all meetings of the Board, the committees of the Board and the shareholders;

 

(b)       see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-Laws and as required by law;

 

(c)       be custodian of the records and the seal of the Corporation and affix and attest the seal to all share certificates of the Corporation (unless the seal of the Corporation on such certificates shall be a facsimile, as hereinafter provided) and affix and attest the seal to all other documents to be executed on behalf of the Corporation under its seal;

 

(d)       see that the books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept and filed are properly kept and filed; and

 

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(e)       in general, perform all the duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Board or the President.

 

Section 12. Assistant Secretaries. In the absence or disability of the Secretary, or when so directed by the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary may perform any or all of the duties of the Secretary, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all restrictions upon, the Secretary. Each Assistant Secretary shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned to him by the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary.

 

Section 13. Delegation of Duties. In case of the absence of any officer of the Corporation, or for any other reason that the Board may deem sufficient, the Board may confer for the time being the powers or duties, or any of them, of such officer upon any other officer or upon any Director.

 

ARTICLE VI

 

Capital Stock

 

Section 1. Stock Certificates. The Board may authorize the issuance of some or all of the shares of any or all classes or series of the common stock of the Corporation with or without certificates. The rights of holders of each class or series of common stock of the Corporation to receive or not to receive certificates shall be set forth in articles supplementary. With respect to shares whose issuance the Board has authorized with certificates, the Board shall determine the conditions under which a holder of such shares shall be entitled to have a certificate or certificates. A shareholder's certificate or certificates shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board, and shall represent the number of such shares of the Corporation owned by him, provided, however, that certificates for fractional shares will not be delivered in any case. The certificates representing shares of share shall be signed by the President, a Vice President, or the Chairman of the Board, and countersigned by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer and sealed with the seal of the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures or the seal on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate shall be issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were still in office at the date of issue.

 

Section 2. Rights of Inspection. There shall be kept at the principal executive office, which shall be available for inspection during usual business hours in accordance with the General Laws of the State of Maryland, the following corporate documents: (a) By-Laws, (b) minutes of proceedings of the shareholders, (c) annual statements of affairs, and (d) voting trust agreements, if any. One or more persons who together are and for at least six months have been shareholders of record of at least five percent of the outstanding shares of any class may inspect and copy during usual business hours the Corporation's books of account and share ledger in accordance with the General Laws of the State of Maryland.

 

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Section 3. Transfer of Shares. Transfers of shares of the Corporation shall be made on the share records of the Corporation at the direction of the person named on the Corporation's books or named in the certificate or certificates for such shares (if issued) only by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary or with a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates, if issued, for such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a duly executed share transfer power and the payment of all taxes thereon. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person in whose name any share or shares stand on the record of shareholders as the owner of such share or shares for all purposes, including, without limitation, the rights to receive dividends or other distributions, and to vote as such owner, and the Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or legal claim to or interest in any such share or shares on the part of any other person.

 

Section 4. Transfer Agents and Registrars. The Corporation may have one or more Transfer Agents and one or more Registrars of its shares, whose respective duties the Board of Directors may, from time to time, define. No certificate of share shall be valid until countersigned by a Transfer Agent, if the Corporation shall have a Transfer Agent or until registered by a Registrar, if the Corporation shall have a Registrar. The duties of Transfer Agent and Registrar may be combined.

 

Section 5. Record Date and Closing of Transfer Books. The Board of Directors may set a record date for the purpose of making any proper determination with respect to shareholders, including which shareholders are entitled to notice of a meeting, vote at a meeting (or any adjournment thereof), receive a dividend, or be allotted or exercise other rights. The record date may not be more than ninety (90) days before the date on which the action requiring the determination will be taken; and, in the case of a meeting of shareholders, the record date shall be at least ten (10) days before the date of the meeting. The Board of Directors shall not close the books of the Corporation against transfers of shares during the whole or any part of such period.

 

Section 6. Regulations. The Board may make such additional rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these By-Laws, as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of share of the Corporation.

 

Section 7. Lost, Stolen, Destroyed or Mutilated Certificates. The holder of any certificate representing shares of share of the Corporation shall immediately notify the Corporation of any loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of such certificate, and the Corporation may issue a new certificate of share in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it which the owner thereof shall allege to have been lost, stolen or destroyed or which shall have been mutilated, and the Board may, in its discretion, require such owner or his legal representatives to give to the Corporation a bond in such sum, limited or unlimited, and in such form and with such surety or sureties, as the Board in its absolute discretion shall determine, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction of any such certificate, or issuance of a new certificate. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Board, in its absolute discretion, may refuse to issue any such new certificate, except pursuant to legal proceedings under the laws of the State of Maryland.

 

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Section 8. Stock Ledgers. The Corporation shall not be required to keep original or duplicate share ledgers at its principal office in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, but share ledgers shall be kept at the respective offices of the Transfer Agents of the Corporation's capital shares.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

Seal

 

The Board of Directors shall provide a suitable seal, bearing the name of the Corporation, which shall be in the charge of the secretary. The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof. If the Corporation is required to place its corporate seal on a document, it is sufficient to meet any requirement of any law, rule, or regulation relating to a corporate seal to place the word "Seal" adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to sign the document on behalf of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

Fiscal Year

 

Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on the last day of December in each year.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

Depositories and Custodians

 

Section 1. Depositories. The funds of the Corporation shall be deposited with such banks or other depositories as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may from time to time determine.

 

Section 2. Custodians. All securities and other investments shall be deposited in the safekeeping of such banks or other companies as the Board of Directors of the Corporation may from time to time determine. Every arrangement entered into with any bank or other company for the safekeeping of the securities and investments of the Corporation shall contain provisions complying with the 1940 Act, and the general rules and regulations thereunder.

 

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ARTICLE X

 

Execution of Instruments

 

Section 1. Checks, Notes, Drafts, etc. Checks, notes, drafts, acceptances, bills of exchange and other orders or obligations for the payment of money shall be signed by such officer or officers or person or persons as the Board of Directors by resolution shall from time to time designate.

 

Section 2. Sale or Transfer of Securities. Money market instruments, bonds or other securities at any time owned by the Corporation may be held on behalf of the Corporation or sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of subject to any limits imposed by these By-Laws, and pursuant to authorization by the Board and, when so authorized to be held on behalf of the Corporation or sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, may be transferred from the name of the Corporation by the signature of the President or a Vice President or the Treasurer or pursuant to any procedure approved by the Board of Directors, subject to applicable law.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

Independent Public Accountants

 

The firm of independent public accountants which shall sign or certify the financial statements of the Corporation which are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be selected annually by the Board of Directors and ratified by the Board of Directors or the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

Annual Statements

 

The books of account of the Corporation shall be examined by an independent firm of public accountants at the close of each annual period of the Corporation and at such other times as may be directed by the Board. A report to the shareholders based upon each such examination shall be mailed to each shareholder of the Corporation of record on such date with respect to each report as may be determined by the Board, at his address as the same appears on the books of the Corporation. Such annual statement shall also be placed on file at the Corporation's principal office in the State of Maryland. Each such report shall show the assets and liabilities of the Corporation as of the close of the annual or semiannual period covered by the report and the securities in which the funds of the Corporation were then invested. Such report shall also show the Corporation's income and expenses for the period from the end of the Corporation's preceding fiscal year to the close of the annual or semiannual period covered by the report and any other information required by the 1940 Act, and shall set forth such other matters as the Board or such firm of independent public accountants shall determine.

 

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ARTICLE XIII

 

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

Section 1. Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify its directors to the fullest extent that indemnification of directors is permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law. The Corporation shall indemnify its officers to the same extent as its directors and to such further extent as is consistent with law. The Corporation shall indemnify its directors and officers who while serving as directors or officers also serve at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, other enterprise or employee benefit plan to the fullest extent consistent with law. This Section shall not protect any such person against any liability to the Corporation or any shareholder thereof to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.

 

Section 2. Advances. Any current or former director or officer of the Corporation claiming indemnification within the scope of this Article XIII shall be entitled to advances from the Corporation for payment of the reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with proceedings to which he is a party in the manner and to the full extent permissible under the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act") and the 1940 Act, as such statutes are now or hereafter in force.

 

Section 3. Procedure. On the request of any current or former director or officer requesting indemnification or an advance under this Article XIII, the Board of Directors shall determine, or cause to be determined, in a manner consistent with the Maryland General Corporation Law, the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act, as such statutes are now or hereafter in force, whether the standards required by this Article XIII have been met.

 

Section 4. Other Rights. The indemnification provided by this Article XIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other right, in respect of indemnification or otherwise, to which those seeking such indemnification may be entitled under any insurance or other agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action by a director or officer of the Corporation in his official capacity and as to action by such person in another capacity while holding such office or position, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 

ARTICLE XIV

 

Amendments

 

These By-Laws or any of them may be amended, altered or repealed at any annual meeting of the shareholders or at any special meeting of the shareholders at which a quorum is present or represented, provided that notice of the proposed amendment, alteration or repeal be contained in the notice of such special meeting. These By-Laws may also be amended, altered or repealed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or by unanimous written consent. [As Amended April 24, 1996]

 

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SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

This Agreement is dated as of the 14th day of May, 2021, and is entered into by and among The RBB Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation, (the “Company”), Altair Advisers LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (the “Adviser”), and Driehaus Capital Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sub-Adviser”). This Agreement governs the relationship among the Company, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Sub-Adviser providing investment management services to a portion of the assets (the “Assets”) of the Adara Smaller Companies Fund, a series of the Company (the “Client”).

 

1.Appointment and the Management of Assets.

 

The Adviser, on behalf of the Client, hereby appoints the Sub-Adviser to manage the Assets, and the Sub-Adviser hereby agrees to serve as Sub-Adviser with respect to the Assets, on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

 

(a)       The Sub-Adviser shall have full power and authority to supervise and direct the investment of the Assets on a discretionary basis in accordance with (i) the Client’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions set forth in the Client’s prospectus and statement of additional information, as they may be amended from time to time, any additional policies or guidelines, including without limitation compliance policies and procedures established by the Adviser, the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer or the Company’s Board of Directors that has been furnished in writing by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser, (ii) the written instructions and directions received from the Adviser or the Client; and (iii) the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and all other applicable federal and state laws governing the performance of the Sub-Adviser’s duties under this Agreement, all as may be in effect from time to time (collectively, the “Policies”). The Sub-Adviser may purchase, sell and otherwise deal with the Assets (including exercising all voting rights, granting or withholding consent or taking other actions with respect to the Assets), in the name and on behalf of the Client in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Sub-Adviser understands that Adviser has advised the Client that Sub-Adviser will, at no time, take custody of the Assets.

 

(b)       The Sub-Adviser shall promptly implement any change with respect to its management of the Assets as a result of any modification of the Policies relayed to Sub-Adviser by the Adviser.

 

2.Additions to, and Withdrawal of, Assets Under Management.

 

(a)       The Adviser may add to or withdraw Assets from the Sub-Adviser on written notice (including via e- mail) to the Sub-Adviser. Any such notice shall set forth the amount of the increase or withdrawal, or identify the specific Assets to be added or withdrawn, the date on which such increase or withdrawal shall be effective, whether a withdrawal shall be in the form of cash, and such other information deemed necessary or appropriate by the Adviser. Sub-Adviser shall confirm receipt of that notice via phone or e-mail to Adviser.

 

(b)       Sub-Adviser shall invest any additional Assets as soon as practicable consistent with the applicable investment objectives and restrictions, the prevailing market conditions, and its investment philosophy and processes.

 

(c)       Withdrawals in the form of non-cash Assets shall be effective immediately upon written notice to the Sub-Adviser, subject to confirmation of position availability by the Sub-Adviser.

 

(d)       In the case of cash withdrawals, the Sub-Adviser shall liquidate the necessary Assets as soon as practicable.

 

3.Brokerage.

 

(a)       The Sub-Adviser is authorized to place orders for the execution of securities transactions on behalf of the Client with or through such broker-dealers as it may reasonably select, subject to its duty to obtain “the combination of best net price and execution” under the circumstances. In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Client, the Sub-Adviser will make its selection based on its expectation of the most advantageous combination of execution, service and price under the circumstances, taking into consideration all relevant factors, including but not limited to price, execution capabilities, reputation, infrastructure, reliability, financial resources, quality of research products or services, and other value-added services. The Sub-Adviser may pay a broker or dealer a commission in excess of the commission another broker or dealer may have charged, provided the Sub-Adviser has determined in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services (within the meaning of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) provided to the Client and other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser exercises investment discretion.

 

(b)       The Sub-Adviser may utilize a broker or dealer that is an affiliate of the Sub-Adviser to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. If the Client or the Assets are a “plan” or an “employee benefit plan” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), Sub-Adviser shall comply in all material respects with the requirements of PTE 86-128.

 

(c)       Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Sub-Adviser from combining orders for the sale or purchase of securities for the Client with orders for other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser, provided that such action is consistent with the Sub-Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to the Client.

 

4.Proxies; Class Actions.

 

The Sub-Adviser shall be solely responsible to vote all proxies received with respect to the Assets, and shall take all necessary and reasonable steps with respect to corporate actions related to securities held or previously held as part of the Assets. The Sub-Adviser shall not incur any liability to Client for failing to vote any proxies, or to take an action with respect to a corporate action, if it had not received such proxies or related communication on a timely basis.

 

Adviser requests, but does not obligate, Sub-Adviser to advise or act for Client in any legal proceedings, including bankruptcies or class actions, involving securities held or previously held as part of the Assets. Upon the reasonable request of Client or Adviser, Sub-Adviser shall produce to Client or the Adviser records and information related to securities held or previously held as part of the Assets.

 

5.Duties.

 

(a)       The Sub-Adviser shall discharge its duties and exercise its powers in a manner consistent with its stated investment policy and philosophy and its fiduciary obligations, and in accordance with the Policies.

 

(b)       Consistent with its fiduciary duties, nothing in this Agreement shall limit the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates, officers, directors or employees from engaging in securities transactions that are different from those in which it might transact on behalf of Client or that involve the same securities purchased or sold for the Client for its or their own accounts, or for the accounts of other clients. The Sub-Adviser will allocate investment opportunities among the Client’s account and other accounts in a manner that it reasonably and in good faith believes to be equitable. The Sub-Adviser may give advice and take action (including the allocation of investment opportunities among accounts) in the performance of its duties with respect to any of its other clients that may differ from advice given to or action taken with respect to the Client.

 

6.Recordkeeping.

 

The Sub-Adviser shall maintain such records relating to Client’s account and the Assets as are required under applicable law or regulation, including without limitation the 1940 Act.

 

7.Communication and Reporting.

 

(a)       The Adviser shall have the sole responsibility for maintaining regular and periodic oral and written communication with the Client with respect to any and all matters relating to the Client’s account and its Assets, including obtaining updated information with respect to the Client. The Adviser shall promptly notify the Sub-Adviser of any changes to the Client’s information that may be relevant to Sub-Adviser’s obligations under this Agreement or its fiduciary duties. The Adviser shall be solely responsible for all reporting to the Client. The Sub-Adviser agrees to make such personnel who are knowledgeable about the Assets reasonably available during the Sub-Adviser’s normal business hours at the Adviser’s reasonable request for consultation with respect to the Assets.

 

(b)       As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar quarter, the Sub-Adviser shall provide the Adviser with the standard reports provided by the Sub-Adviser to other clients who receive service similar to the Client, the contents of which previously have been agreed to by the Adviser.

 

8.Information.

 

(a)       The Adviser shall provide to the Client a copy of the Sub-Adviser’s then-current Form ADV, Part 2A, or a separate disclosure statement meeting the requirements of Rule 204-3(a) under the Advisers Act, and all amendments and supplements thereto (the “Brochure”), and a copy of Sub-Adviser’s Privacy Notice, prior to the commencement of Sub- Adviser managing the Assets. At least annually, so long as this Agreement is effective, the Adviser shall make a written offer to the Client to provide a copy of the Sub-Adviser’s then current Brochure, and shall provide a copy of Sub-Adviser’s Privacy Notice. The Adviser shall maintain records reflecting (i) each date on which the Client is offered a Brochure and (ii) each date on which the Client is sent a Brochure and shall provide the Sub-Adviser with written confirmation thereof. Adviser agrees to make such records available to the Sub-Adviser upon request.

 

(b)       The Sub-Adviser will provide copies of the Brochures and Privacy Notices to the Adviser promptly after execution of this Agreement, annually thereafter or at such times as requested by Adviser.

 

9.ERISA Accounts.

 

If Client or the Assets are considered a “plan” or an “employee benefit plan” as such terms as defined in ERISA, Sub-Adviser acknowledges that, in acting as discretionary sub-adviser to the Assets, it is a fiduciary (as defined in Section 3938 of ERISA) with respect to the Assets.

 

10.Non-Exclusivity.

 

Sub-Adviser, its officers, employees and agents may have or take the same or similar positions in specific investments for their own accounts or for the accounts of other clients as the Sub-Adviser does for the Assets. The Adviser acknowledges and understands that the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render investment advice to others and that the Sub- Adviser does not make its investment management services available exclusively to the Adviser or the Adviser’s clients.

 

11.Investment Management Fee.

 

In consideration of Sub-Adviser’s services, Sub-Adviser shall receive a monthly fee in accordance with Appendix A of this Agreement. The Client will pay the Sub-Adviser from the assets of the Client. For any period less than a full month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month. The fee attributable to the Client shall be satisfied only against the assets of the Client and not against the assets of any other investment portfolio of the Company.

 

12.Representations and Warranties of Sub-Adviser.

 

The Sub-Adviser hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Adviser, which representations and warranties shall continue for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, and if at any time any event occurs that would make any of the representations or warranties not true, the party making such representation or warranty shall promptly notify the other party in writing (including via e-mail) within ten (10) days of such event.

 

(a)       The Sub-Adviser is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is organized and has full power and authority to execute and perform this Agreement. The Sub- Adviser conducts its business in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations.

 

(b)       The Sub-Adviser has delivered to Adviser a copy of its current Form ADV and Privacy Notice. As of the date hereof, all amendments to Form ADV, which are required by the Advisers Act have been made and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and each applicable state’s securities law administrator. The Sub-Adviser represents that its Form ADV is, to its knowledge, true, accurate and not misleading.

 

(c)       The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not violate any agreement to which the Sub-Adviser is a party or by which it is bound, or violate any law, regulation or order applicable to the Sub-Adviser.

 

(d)       The Sub-Adviser will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Advisers Act and any other applicable law or regulation with respect to the Client and the subject matter of, or transactions completed by, this Agreement.

 

(e)       There is no litigation or regulatory proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of the Sub-Adviser, threatened against the Sub-Adviser that could materially affect the Sub-Adviser’s ability to carry out its duties under this Agreement.

 

(f)       To the extent applicable to this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser (i) meets the bonding requirements of Section 412 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or (ii) is exempt from those requirements and has provided an explanation of its exemption to the Adviser.

 

13.Representations and Warranties of the Adviser.

 

The Adviser hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Sub-Adviser, which representations and warranties shall continue for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, and if at any time any event occurs that would make any of the representations or warranties not true, the party making such representation or warranty shall promptly notify the other party in writing (including via e-mail) within ten (10) days of such event.

 

(a)       The Adviser is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was incorporated or otherwise organized and has full power and authority to execute and perform this Agreement. The Adviser conducts its business in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations.

 

(b)       The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions provided herein will not violate any agreement to which the Adviser is a party or by which it is bound, or violate any law, regulation or order applicable to the Adviser.

 

(c)       The Adviser will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Advisers Act and any other applicable law or regulation with respect to the Client and the subject matter of, or transactions contemplated by, this Agreement.

 

(d)       There is no litigation or regulatory proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of the Adviser, threatened against the Adviser that could materially affect the Adviser’s ability to carry out its duties under this Agreement.

 

(e)       The Adviser has reviewed the Client’s investment goals, objectives, limitations and restrictions with the Client in accordance with its standard procedures for evaluating the suitability of investment products and has deemed, in its judgment, that Sub-Adviser’s services are suitable for Client. The Adviser will notify the Sub-Adviser promptly of any changes in a Client’s investment objectives or restrictions.

 

(f)       The Adviser has reviewed all authorizing documentation from the Client and is satisfied that such documentation authorizes the Client to hire an investment manager.

 

14.Indemnity from Sub-Adviser.

 

The Sub-Adviser agrees to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser and its officers, directors, employees and agents for any and all expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees), losses, damages, liabilities, judgments, demands, charges and claims of every kind or nature whatsoever (one or more hereinafter referred to as “Damages”) caused by or arising, directly or indirectly, out of (i) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Sub- Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser’s material breach of fiduciary duty to the Client, in the performance of its duties hereunder, or

(ii) the material breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.

 

15.Indemnity from Adviser.

 

The Adviser agrees to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser and its respective affiliates, officers, directors, employees, and agents for any and all Damages caused by or arising, directly or indirectly out of (i) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Adviser, or the Adviser’s material breach of fiduciary duty to the Client, in the performance of its duties hereunder; (ii) the material breach of this Agreement by the Adviser; or (iii) actions of Sub- Adviser authorized by the direction of the Adviser.

 

16.Confidentiality.

 

(a)       The Adviser and Sub-Adviser shall safeguard as strictly confidential, and shall not use for any purpose other than fulfilling their duties under this Agreement, all information about any Client and each Client’s Assets, except (i) as required in the performance or enforcement of this Agreement; or (ii) in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or regulatory requests or a subpoena, court order or similar compulsory legal process, provided that disclosure shall not be broader than required by the applicable process or law.

 

(b)       Each party agrees that with respect to any confidential information or documents, which are furnished by any other party hereto, such information shall be kept in strict confidence and shall not be used directly or indirectly for any purpose other than that for which it was furnished, except (i) as required in connection with the performance or enforcement of this Agreement; or (ii) in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or regulatory requests or a subpoena, court order or similar compulsory legal process, provided that disclosure shall not be broader than required by the applicable process or law.

 

Each party agrees that no advertising or marketing information, which contains the name, or any reference to any other party may be distributed without the prior written consent of the other party.

 

17.Headings.

 

The headings in this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall in no way restrict or otherwise modify any of the terms or provisions hereof.

 

18.Further Acts and Assurances.

 

In addition to the acts and deeds recited herein and contemplated to be performed, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the parties hereto, the parties hereby agree to perform, execute and deliver or cause to be performed, executed and delivered any and all such further acts, deeds and assurances as the other party may reasonably require to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

19.Counterparts.

 

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

20.Entire Agreement; Amendment and Waiver.

 

This Agreement (together with any Appendix hereto) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. No amendment or modification of this Agreement or any provision hereof, or waiver of any right or remedy herein provided, shall be effective for any purpose unless specifically set forth in writing and signed by the party or parties to be bound thereby. The waiver of any right or remedy in respect to any occurrence or event on one occasion shall not be deemed a waiver of such right or remedy in respect to such occurrence or event on any other occasion.

 

21.Term; Assignment.

 

This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of its execution, and:

 

(a)       unless otherwise terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect until August 16, 2022, and from year to year thereafter so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Board of Directors of the Company or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Client, and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Directors of the Company who are not interested persons of the Company, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval;

 

(b)       this Agreement may at any time be terminated on 60 days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser either by vote of the Board of Directors of the Company or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Client;

 

(c)       this Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Adviser’s Investment Advisory Agreement with the Company, on behalf of the Client; and

 

(d)       this Agreement may be terminated by the Sub-Adviser on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Company, or by the Adviser immediately upon notice to the Sub-Adviser.

 

Termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 20 shall be without the payment of any penalty.

 

The Sub-Adviser may not assign this Agreement and this Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of an “assignment,” as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(4) of the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser shall notify the Adviser in writing sufficiently in advance of any proposed change of “control,” as defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act, so as to enable the Company and/or the Adviser to: (a) consider whether an assignment will occur, (b) consider whether to enter into a new Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Sub-Adviser, and (c) prepare, file, and deliver any disclosure document to the Client’s shareholders as may be required by applicable law.

 

22.Liability.

 

Except as otherwise provided by law, neither Sub-Adviser nor any of its employees, affiliates, representatives or agents (“Affiliated Persons”) shall be liable for: (a) any loss that Client may suffer by reason of any investment decision made or other action taken or omitted in good faith by Sub-Adviser with that degree of care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances that a person acting in a fiduciary capacity would use; (b) any loss arising from Sub-Adviser’s adherence to Client’s written or oral instructions as delivered to Sub-Adviser by Adviser; (c) any act or failure to act by the custodian, any broker or dealer to which Sub-Adviser directs transactions for the Assets or by any other third party.

 

The federal and state securities laws impose liabilities under certain circumstances on persons who act in good faith, and therefore nothing in this Agreement shall in any way constitute a waiver or limitation of any rights that Client may have under federal or state laws.

 

If the Assets constitute only a portion of Client’s total assets, Sub-Adviser shall not be responsible for any of Client’s assets not designated to Sub-Adviser for management under this Agreement or the diversification of all of Client’s assets.

 

23.Governing Law.

 

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

24.Arbitration.

 

The parties waive their right to seek remedies in court, including any right to a jury trial. The parties agree that in the event of any dispute between the parties arising out of, relating to or in connection with this Agreement, such dispute shall be resolved exclusively by arbitration to be conducted only in the country and state of the principal office of Adviser at the time of such dispute in accordance with the rules of JAMS/Endispute. Disputes shall not be resolved in any other forum or venue. The parties agree that such arbitration shall be conducted by a retired judge who is experienced in dispute resolution regarding the securities business, that discovery shall not be permitted except as required by the rules of JAMS/Endispute, that the arbitration award shall not include factual findings or conclusions of law, and that no punitive damages shall be awarded. The parties understand that any party’s right to appeal or to seek modification of any ruling or award of the arbitrator is severely limited. Any award rendered by the arbitrator shall be final and binding, and judgment may be entered on it in any court of competent jurisdiction in the county and state of the principal office of Adviser at the time such award is rendered or as otherwise provided by law.

 

25.Notices.

 

All notices, reports, and other communications required hereunder shall be in writing and (i) shall be effective upon delivery, and (ii) shall be deemed properly delivered if delivered by hand, faxed, e-mailed, or mailed, postage prepaid, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as the addressed party shall have designated in writing to the other party:

 

If to the Company:

 

The RBB Fund, Inc.

615 East Michigan Street,

Milwaukee, WI 53202

Attention: Salvatore Faia

 

If to the Adviser:

 

Altair Advisers LLC

303 W. Madison Street, Suite 600

Chicago, IL 60606

Attention: Rebecca Kohmescher

 

If to the Sub-Adviser:

 

Driehaus Capital Management LLC

25 East Erie Street

Chicago, IL 60611

Attention: Jason Pomatto

 

26.Severability.

 

Any provision of this Agreement, which may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof.

 

27.Survival.

 

The provisions of Sections 14, 15, 16, 22 and 24 contained herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 

Altair Advisers LLC   Driehaus Capital Management LLC  
           
By: Claire C. Browne   By: Janet McWilliam  
  Printed Name     Printed Name  
           
  /s/ Claire C. Browne     /s/ Janet McWilliams  
  Signature     Signature  
           
Title: Chief Compliance Officer   Title: General Counsel  

 

The RBB Fund, Inc., on behalf of its

Adara Smaller Companies Fund

       
           
By: Salvatore Faia        
  Printed Name        
           
  /s/ Salvatore Faia        
  Signature        
           
Title: President        

 

 

 

APPENDIX A TO SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

 

 

SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

This Agreement is dated as of the 14th day of May, 2021, and is entered into by and among The RBB Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation, (the “Company”), Altair Advisers LLC, an Illinois limited liability company (the “Adviser”), and Driehaus Capital Management LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sub-Adviser”).  This Agreement governs the relationship among the Company, the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser with respect to the Sub-Adviser providing investment management services to a portion of the assets (the “Assets”) of the Aquarius International Fund, a series of the Company (the “Client”).

 

1.Appointment and the Management of Assets.

 

The Adviser, on behalf of the Client, hereby appoints the Sub-Adviser to manage the Assets, and the Sub-Adviser hereby agrees to serve as Sub-Adviser with respect to the Assets, on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

 

(a)        The Sub-Adviser shall have full power and authority to supervise and direct the investment of the Assets on a discretionary basis in accordance with (i) the Client’s investment objectives, policies and restrictions set forth in the Client’s prospectus and statement of additional information, as they may be amended from time to time, any additional policies or guidelines, including without limitation compliance policies and procedures established by the Adviser, the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer or the Company’s Board of Directors that has been furnished in writing by the Adviser to the Sub-Adviser, (ii) the written instructions and directions received from the Adviser or the Client; and (iii) the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and all other applicable federal and state laws governing the performance of the Sub-Adviser’s duties under this Agreement, all as may be in effect from time to time (collectively, the “Policies”).  The Sub-Adviser may purchase, sell and otherwise deal with the Assets (including exercising all voting rights, granting or withholding consent or taking other actions with respect to the Assets), in the name and on behalf of the Client in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.  Sub-Adviser understands that Adviser has advised the Client that Sub-Adviser will, at no time, take custody of the Assets.

 

(b)         The Sub-Adviser shall promptly implement any change with respect to its management of the Assets as a result of any modification of the Policies relayed to Sub-Adviser by the Adviser.

 

2.Additions to, and Withdrawal of, Assets Under Management.

 

(a)          The Adviser may add to or withdraw Assets from the Sub-Adviser on written notice (including via e-mail) to the Sub-Adviser.  Any such notice shall set forth the amount of the increase or withdrawal, or identify the specific Assets to be added or withdrawn, the date on which such increase or withdrawal shall be effective, whether a withdrawal shall be in the form of cash, and such other information deemed necessary or appropriate by the Adviser.  Sub-Adviser shall confirm receipt of that notice via phone or e-mail to Adviser.

 

(b)          Sub-Adviser shall invest any additional Assets as soon as practicable consistent with the applicable investment objectives and restrictions, the prevailing market conditions, and its investment philosophy and processes.

 

(c)          Withdrawals in the form of non-cash Assets shall be effective immediately upon written notice to the Sub-Adviser, subject to confirmation of position availability by the Sub-Adviser.

 

(d)          In the case of cash withdrawals, the Sub-Adviser shall liquidate the necessary Assets as soon as practicable.

 

3.Brokerage.

 

(a)           The Sub-Adviser is authorized to place orders for the execution of securities transactions on behalf of the Client with or through such broker-dealers as it may reasonably select, subject to its duty to obtain “the combination of best net price and execution” under the circumstances.  In selecting brokers or dealers to execute transactions on behalf of the Client, the Sub-Adviser will make its selection based on its expectation of the most advantageous combination of execution, service and price under the circumstances, taking into consideration all relevant factors, including but not limited to price, execution capabilities, reputation, infrastructure, reliability, financial resources, quality of research products or services, and other value-added services.  The Sub-Adviser may pay a broker or dealer a commission in excess of the commission another broker or dealer may have charged, provided the Sub-Adviser has determined in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services (within the meaning of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) provided to the Client and other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser exercises investment discretion.

 

(b)            The Sub-Adviser may utilize a broker or dealer that is an affiliate of the Sub-Adviser to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.  If the Client or the Assets are a “plan” or an “employee benefit plan” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), Sub-Adviser shall comply in all material respects with the requirements of PTE 86-128.

 

(c)             Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Sub-Adviser from combining orders for the sale or purchase of securities for the Client with orders for other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser, provided that such action is consistent with the Sub-Adviser’s fiduciary obligations to the Client.

 

4.Proxies; Class Actions.

 

The Sub-Adviser shall be solely responsible to vote all proxies received with respect to the Assets, and shall take all necessary and reasonable steps with respect to corporate actions related to securities held or previously held as part of the Assets.  The Sub-Adviser shall not incur any liability to Client for failing to vote any proxies, or to take an action with respect to a corporate action, if it had not received such proxies or related communication on a timely basis.

 

Adviser acknowledges that Sub-Adviser does not advise or act for Client in any legal proceedings, including bankruptcies or class actions, involving securities held or previously held as part of the Assets.

 

5.Duties.

 

(a)            The Sub-Adviser shall discharge its duties and exercise its powers in a manner consistent with its stated investment policy and philosophy and its fiduciary obligations, and in accordance with the Policies.

 

(b)            Consistent with its fiduciary duties, nothing in this Agreement shall limit the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates, officers, directors or employees from engaging in securities transactions that are different from those in which it might transact on behalf of Client or that involve the same securities purchased or sold for the Client for its or their own accounts, or for the accounts of other clients.  The Sub-Adviser will allocate investment opportunities among the Client’s account and other accounts in a manner that it reasonably and in good faith believes to be equitable.  The Sub-Adviser may give advice and take action (including the allocation of investment opportunities among accounts) in the performance of its duties with respect to any of its other clients that may differ from advice given to or action taken with respect to the Client.

 

6.Recordkeeping.

 

The Sub-Adviser shall maintain such records relating to Client’s account and the Assets as are required under applicable law or regulation, including without limitation the 1940 Act.

 

7.Communication and Reporting.

 

(a)          The Adviser shall have the sole responsibility for maintaining regular and periodic oral and written communication with the Client with respect to any and all matters relating to the Client’s account and its Assets, including obtaining updated information with respect to the Client.  The Adviser shall promptly notify the Sub-Adviser of any changes to the Client’s information that may be relevant to Sub-Adviser’s obligations under this Agreement or its fiduciary duties.  The Adviser shall be solely responsible for all reporting to the Client.  The Sub-Adviser agrees to make such personnel who are knowledgeable about the Assets reasonably available during the Sub-Adviser’s normal business hours at the Adviser’s reasonable request for consultation with respect to the Assets.

 

(b)           As soon as practicable after the end of each calendar quarter, the Sub-Adviser shall provide the Adviser with the standard reports provided by the Sub-Adviser to other clients who receive service similar to the Client, the contents of which previously have been agreed to by the Adviser.

 

8.Information.

 

(a)            The Adviser shall provide to the Client a copy of the Sub-Adviser’s then-current Form ADV, Part 2A, or a separate disclosure statement meeting the requirements of Rule 204-3(a) under the Advisers Act, and all amendments and supplements thereto (the “Brochure”), and a copy of Sub-Adviser’s Privacy Notice, prior to the commencement of Sub-Adviser managing the Assets.  At least annually, so long as this Agreement is effective, the Adviser shall make a written offer to the Client to provide a copy of the Sub-Adviser’s then current Brochure, and shall provide a copy of Sub-Adviser’s Privacy Notice.  The Adviser shall maintain records reflecting (i) each date on which the Client is offered a Brochure and (ii) each date on which the Client is sent a Brochure and shall provide the Sub-Adviser with written confirmation thereof.  Adviser agrees to make such records available to the Sub-Adviser upon request.

 

(b)              The Sub-Adviser will provide copies of the Brochures and Privacy Notices to the Adviser promptly after execution of this Agreement, annually thereafter or at such times as requested by Adviser.

 

9.ERISA Accounts.

 

If Client or the Assets are considered a “plan” or an “employee benefit plan” as such terms as defined in ERISA, Sub-Adviser acknowledges that, in acting as discretionary sub-adviser to the Assets, it is a fiduciary (as defined in Section 3938 of ERISA) with respect to the Assets.

 

10.Non-Exclusivity.

 

Sub-Adviser, its officers, employees and agents may have or take the same or similar positions in specific investments for their own accounts or for the accounts of other clients as the Sub-Adviser does for the Assets. The Adviser acknowledges and understands that the Sub-Adviser shall be free to render investment advice to others and that the Sub-Adviser does not make its investment management services available exclusively to the Adviser or the Adviser’s clients.

 

11.Investment Management Fee.

 

In consideration of Sub-Adviser’s services, Sub-Adviser shall receive a monthly fee in accordance with Appendix A of this Agreement.  The Client will pay the Sub-Adviser from the assets of the Client.  For any period less than a full month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month. The fee attributable to the Client shall be satisfied only against the assets of the Client and not against the assets of any other investment portfolio of the Company.

 

12.Representations and Warranties of Sub-Adviser.

 

The Sub-Adviser hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Adviser, which representations and warranties shall continue for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, and if at any time any event occurs that would make any of the representations or warranties not true, the party making such representation or warranty shall promptly notify the other party in writing (including via e-mail) within ten (10) days of such event.

 

(a)             The Sub-Adviser is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is organized and has full power and authority to execute and perform this Agreement.  The Sub-Adviser conducts its business in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations.

 

(b)             The Sub-Adviser has delivered to Adviser a copy of its current Form ADV and Privacy Notice.  As of the date hereof, all amendments to Form ADV, which are required by the Advisers Act have been made and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and each applicable state’s securities law administrator.  The Sub-Adviser represents that its Form ADV is, to its knowledge, true, accurate and not misleading.

 

(c)             The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not violate any agreement to which the Sub-Adviser is a party or by which it is bound, or violate any law, regulation or order applicable to the Sub-Adviser.

 

(d)             The Sub-Adviser will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Advisers Act and any other applicable law or regulation with respect to the Client and the subject matter of, or transactions completed by, this Agreement.

 

(e)             There is no litigation or regulatory proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of the Sub-Adviser, threatened against the Sub-Adviser that could materially affect the Sub-Adviser’s ability to carry out its duties under this Agreement.

 

(f)            To the extent applicable to this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser (i) meets the bonding requirements of Section 412 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or (ii) is exempt from those requirements and has provided an explanation of its exemption to the Adviser.

 

13.Representations and Warranties of the Adviser.

 

The Adviser hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Sub-Adviser, which representations and warranties shall continue for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, and if at any time any event occurs that would make any of the representations or warranties not true, the party making such representation or warranty shall promptly notify the other party in writing (including via e-mail) within ten (10) days of such event.

 

(a)           The Adviser is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was incorporated or otherwise organized and has full power and authority to execute and perform this Agreement.  The Adviser conducts its business in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all applicable laws and regulations.

 

(b)            The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions provided herein will not violate any agreement to which the Adviser is a party or by which it is bound, or violate any law, regulation or order applicable to the Adviser.

 

(c)            The Adviser will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Advisers Act and any other applicable law or regulation with respect to the Client and the subject matter of, or transactions contemplated by, this Agreement.

 

(d)           There is no litigation or regulatory proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of the Adviser, threatened against the Adviser that could materially affect the Adviser’s ability to carry out its duties under this Agreement.

 

(e)            The Adviser has reviewed the Client’s investment goals, objectives, limitations and restrictions with the Client in accordance with its standard procedures for evaluating the suitability of investment products and has deemed, in its judgment, that Sub-Adviser’s services are suitable for Client.  The Adviser will notify the Sub-Adviser promptly of any changes in a Client’s investment objectives or restrictions.

 

(f)            The Adviser has reviewed all authorizing documentation from the Client and is satisfied that such documentation authorizes the Client to hire an investment manager.

 

14.Indemnity from Sub-Adviser.

 

The Sub-Adviser agrees to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser and its officers, directors, employees and agents for any and all expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees), losses, damages, liabilities, judgments, demands, charges and claims of every kind or nature whatsoever (one or more hereinafter referred to as “Damages”) caused by or arising, directly or indirectly, out of (i) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Sub-Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser’s material breach of fiduciary duty to the Client, in the performance of its duties hereunder, or (ii) the material breach of this Agreement by the Sub-Adviser.

 

15.Indemnity from Adviser.

 

The Adviser agrees to reimburse, indemnify and hold harmless the Sub-Adviser and its respective affiliates, officers, directors, employees, and agents for any and all Damages caused by or arising, directly or indirectly out of (i) the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Adviser, or the Adviser’s material breach of fiduciary duty to the Client, in the performance of its duties hereunder; (ii) the material breach of this Agreement by the Adviser; or (iii) actions of Sub-Adviser authorized by the direction of the Adviser.

 

16.Confidentiality.

 

(a)            The Adviser and Sub-Adviser shall safeguard as strictly confidential, and shall not use for any purpose other than fulfilling their duties under this Agreement, all information about any Client and each Client’s Assets, except (i) as required in the performance or enforcement of this Agreement; or (ii) in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or regulatory requests or a subpoena, court order or similar compulsory legal process, provided that disclosure shall not be broader than required by the applicable process or law.

 

(b)             Each party agrees that with respect to any confidential information or documents, which are furnished by any other party hereto, such information shall be kept in strict confidence and shall not be used directly or indirectly for any purpose other than that for which it was furnished, except (i) as required in connection with the performance or enforcement of this Agreement; or (ii) in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations or regulatory requests or a subpoena, court order or similar compulsory legal process, provided that disclosure shall not be broader than required by the applicable process or law.

 

Each party agrees that no advertising or marketing information, which contains the name, or any reference to any other party may be distributed without the prior written consent of the other party.

 

17.Headings.

 

The headings in this Agreement have been inserted for convenience of reference only and shall in no way restrict or otherwise modify any of the terms or provisions hereof.

 

18.Further Acts and Assurances.

 

In addition to the acts and deeds recited herein and contemplated to be performed, executed and delivered by or on behalf of the parties hereto, the parties hereby agree to perform, execute and deliver or cause to be performed, executed and delivered any and all such further acts, deeds and assurances as the other party may reasonably require to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

19.Counterparts.

 

This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

20.Entire Agreement; Amendment and Waiver.

 

This Agreement (together with any Appendix hereto) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.  No amendment or modification of this Agreement or any provision hereof, or waiver of any right or remedy herein provided, shall be effective for any purpose unless specifically set forth in writing and signed by the party or parties to be bound thereby.  The waiver of any right or remedy in respect to any occurrence or event on one occasion shall not be deemed a waiver of such right or remedy in respect to such occurrence or event on any other occasion.

 

21.Term; Assignment.

 

This Agreement shall become effective as of the date of its execution, and:

 

(a)           unless otherwise terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect until August 16, 2022, and from year to year thereafter so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Board of Directors of the Company or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Client, and (ii) by vote of a majority of the Directors of the Company who are not interested persons of the Company, the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval;

 

(b)           this Agreement may at any time be terminated on 60 days’ written notice to the Sub-Adviser either by vote of the Board of Directors of the Company or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Client;

 

(c)           this Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of its assignment or upon the termination of the Adviser’s Investment Advisory Agreement with the Company, on behalf of the Client; and

 

(d)           this Agreement may be terminated by the Sub-Adviser on 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser and the Company, or by the Adviser immediately upon notice to the Sub-Adviser.

 

Termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 20 shall be without the payment of any penalty.

 

The Sub-Adviser may not assign this Agreement and this Agreement shall automatically terminate in the event of an “assignment,” as such term is defined in Section 2(a)(4) of the 1940 Act.  The Sub-Adviser shall notify the Adviser in writing sufficiently in advance of any proposed change of “control,” as defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act, so as to enable the Company and/or the Adviser to: (a) consider whether an assignment will occur, (b) consider whether to enter into a new Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Sub-Adviser, and (c) prepare, file, and deliver any disclosure document to the Client’s shareholders as may be required by applicable law.

 

22.Liability.

 

Except as otherwise provided by law, neither Sub-Adviser nor any of its employees, affiliates, representatives or agents (“Affiliated Persons”) shall be liable for:  (a) any loss that Client may suffer by reason of any investment decision made or other action taken or omitted in good faith by Sub-Adviser with that degree of care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances that a person acting in a fiduciary capacity would use; (b) any loss arising from Sub-Adviser’s adherence to Client’s written or oral instructions as delivered to Sub-Adviser by Adviser; (c) any act or failure to act by the custodian, any broker or dealer to which Sub-Adviser directs transactions for the Assets or by any other third party.

 

The federal and state securities laws impose liabilities under certain circumstances on persons who act in good faith, and therefore nothing in this Agreement shall in any way constitute a waiver or limitation of any rights that Client may have under federal or state laws.

 

If the Assets constitute only a portion of Client’s total assets, Sub-Adviser shall not be responsible for any of Client’s assets not designated to Sub-Adviser for management under this Agreement or the diversification of all of Client’s assets.

 

23.Governing Law.

 

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under and in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

24.Arbitration.

 

The parties waive their right to seek remedies in court, including any right to a jury trial.  The parties agree that in the event of any dispute between the parties arising out of, relating to or in connection with this Agreement, such dispute shall be resolved exclusively by arbitration to be conducted only in the country and state of the principal office of Adviser at the time of such dispute in accordance with the rules of JAMS/Endispute.  Disputes shall not be resolved in any other forum or venue.  The parties agree that such arbitration shall be conducted by a retired judge who is experienced in dispute resolution regarding the securities business, that discovery shall not be permitted except as required by the rules of JAMS/Endispute, that the arbitration award shall not include factual findings or conclusions of law, and that no punitive damages shall be awarded.  The parties understand that any party’s right to appeal or to seek modification of any ruling or award of the arbitrator is severely limited.  Any award rendered by the arbitrator shall be final and binding, and judgment may be entered on it in any court of competent jurisdiction in the county and state of the principal office of Adviser at the time such award is rendered or as otherwise provided by law.

 

25.Notices.

 

All notices, reports, and other communications required hereunder shall be in writing and (i) shall be effective upon delivery, and (ii) shall be deemed properly delivered if delivered by hand, faxed, e-mailed, or mailed, postage prepaid, addressed as set forth below or to such other address as the addressed party shall have designated in writing to the other party:

 

 If to the Company:

 

The RBB Fund, Inc.

615 East Michigan Street,

Milwaukee, WI 53202

Attention: Salvatore Faia

 

If to the Adviser:

 

Altair Advisers LLC

303 W. Madison Street, Suite 600

Chicago, IL 60606

Attention: Rebecca Kohmescher

 

If to the Sub-Adviser:

 

Driehaus Capital Management LLC

25 East Erie Street

Chicago, IL 60611

Attention: Jason Pomatto

 

26.Severability.

 

Any provision of this Agreement, which may be determined by competent authority to be prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof.

 

27.Survival.

 

The provisions of Sections 14, 15, 16, 22 and 24 contained herein shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

 


 
Altair Advisers LLC Driehaus Capital Management LLC  
     
By: Claire C. Browne    By: Janet McWilliams  
  Printed Name     Printed Name  
           
  /s/ Claire C. Browne     /s/ Janet McWilliams  
  Signature     Signature  
           
Title: Chief Compliance Officer   Title: General Counsel  

 

The RBB Fund, Inc., on behalf of its    
Aquarius International Fund    
         
By: Salvatore Faia        
  Printed Name        
           
  /s/ Salvatore Faia        
  Signature        
           
Title: President        

 

APPENDIX A TO SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

 

AGREEMENT made as of November 11, 2020 between THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation (herein called the “Fund”), and RED GATE ADVISERS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (herein called the “Investment Adviser”).

 

WHEREAS, the Fund is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and currently offers or proposes to offer shares representing interests in separate investment portfolios; and

 

WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Investment Adviser to render certain investment advisory services to the Fund with respect to the Fund’s Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF (the “Portfolio”), and the Investment Adviser is willing to so render such services; and

 

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Fund and the sole shareholder of the Portfolio have approved this Agreement, and the Investment Adviser is willing to furnish such services upon the terms and conditions herein set forth;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, it is agreed between the parties hereto as follows:

 

SECTION 1. APPOINTMENT. The Fund hereby appoints the Investment Adviser to act as investment adviser for the Portfolio for the period and on the terms set forth in this Agreement. The Investment Adviser accepts such appointment and agrees to render the services herein set forth for the compensation herein provided.

 

SECTION 2. DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS. The Fund has furnished the Investment Adviser with copies properly certified or authenticated of each of the following:

 

(a) Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Fund authorizing the appointment of the Investment Adviser and the execution and delivery of this Agreement; and

 

(b) A prospectus and statement of additional information relating to each class of shares representing interests in the Portfolio of the Fund in effect under the Securities Act of 1933 (such prospectus and statement of additional information, as presently in effect and as they shall from time to time be amended and supplemented, are herein collectively called the “Prospectus” and “Statement of Additional Information,” respectively).

 

The Fund will promptly furnish the Investment Adviser from time to time with copies, properly certified or authenticated, of all amendments of or supplements to the foregoing, if any.

 

In addition to the foregoing, the Fund will also provide the Investment Adviser with copies of the Fund’s Charter and By-laws, and any registration statement or service contracts related to the Portfolio, and will promptly furnish the Investment Adviser with any amendments of or supplements to such documents.

   

 

SECTION 3. MANAGEMENT.

 

(a ) Subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors of the Fund and subject to Section 3 (b) below, the Investment Adviser will provide for the overall management of the Portfolio including (i) the provision of a continuous investment program for the Portfolio, including investment research and management with respect to all securities, investments, cash and cash equivalents in the Portfolio, (ii) the determination from time to time of the securities and other investments to be purchased, retained, or sold by the Fund for the Portfolio, (iii) the placement from time to time of orders for all purchases and sales made for the Portfolio, (iv) in connection with its management of the Portfolio, monitoring and assistance with anticipated purchases and redemptions of creation units by shareholders and new investors, (v) the determination of the amount of the cash component, the identity and number of shares of the securities to be accepted in exchange for “Creation Units” for the Portfolio and the securities that will be applicable that day to redemption requests received for the Portfolio (and may give directions to the Fund’s custodian with respect to such designations), (vi) the coordination of the Portfolio’s compliance with rules of the applicable securities exchange, and (vii) the establishment, monitoring and keeping up-to-date the Portfolio’s website to comply with applicable law and the Exemptive Order. The Investment Adviser shall have a limited power-of-attorney to execute any trading and/or subscription documents necessary in order to carry out its duties under this Section 3. The Investment Adviser will provide the services rendered by it hereunder in accordance with the Portfolio’s investment objective, restrictions and policies as stated in the applicable Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, provided that the Investment Adviser has actual notice or knowledge of any changes by the Board of Directors to such investment objectives, restrictions or policies. The Investment Adviser further agrees that it will render to the Fund’s Board of Directors such periodic and special reports regarding the performance of its duties under this Agreement as the Board may reasonably request. The Investment Adviser agrees to provide to the Fund (or its agents and service providers) prompt and accurate data with respect to the Portfolio’s transactions and, where not otherwise available, the daily valuation of securities in the Portfolio.

 

(b) Sub-Advisers. The Investment Adviser may delegate certain of its responsibilities hereunder with respect to provision of the investment advisory services set forth in Section 3(a) above to one or more other parties (each such party, a “Sub-Adviser”), pursuant in each case to a written agreement with such Sub-Adviser that meets the requirements of Section 15 of the 1940 Act and rules thereunder applicable to contracts for service as investment adviser of a registered investment company (including without limitation the requirements for approval by the Board of Directors of the Fund and the shareholders of the Portfolio), subject, however, to such exemptions as may be granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon application or by rule. Such Sub-Adviser may (but need not) be affiliated with the Investment Adviser.

 

Any delegation of services pursuant to this Section 3(b) shall be subject to the following conditions:

 -2- 

 

1. Any fees or compensation payable to any Sub-Adviser shall be paid by the Investment Adviser and no additional obligation may be incurred on the Fund’s behalf to any Sub-Adviser; except that any Fund expenses that may be incurred by the Investment Adviser and paid by the Fund to the Investment Adviser directly may be incurred by the Sub-Adviser and paid by the Fund to the Sub-Adviser directly, so long as such payment arrangements are approved by the Fund and the Investment Adviser prior to the Sub-Adviser’s incurring such expenses.

 

2. If the Investment Adviser delegates its responsibilities to more than one Sub-Adviser, the Investment Adviser shall be responsible for assigning to each Sub-Adviser that portion of the assets of the Portfolio for which the Sub-Adviser is to act as Sub-Adviser, subject to the approval of the Fund’s Board of Directors.

 

3. To the extent that any obligations of the Investment Adviser or any Sub-Adviser require any service provider of the Fund or Portfolio to furnish information or services, such information or services shall be furnished by the Fund’s or the Portfolio’s service providers directly to both the Investment Adviser and any Sub-Adviser.

 

SECTION 4. BROKERAGE. Subject to the Investment Adviser’s obligation to obtain best price and execution, the Investment Adviser shall have full discretion to select brokers or dealers to effect the purchase and sale of securities. When the Investment Adviser places orders for the purchase or sale of securities for the Portfolio, in selecting brokers or dealers to execute such orders, the Investment Adviser is expressly authorized to consider the fact that a broker or dealer has furnished statistical, research or other information or services for the benefit of the Portfolio directly or indirectly. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Investment Adviser is authorized to cause the Portfolio to pay brokerage commissions which may be in excess of the lowest rates available to brokers who execute transactions for the Portfolio or who otherwise provide brokerage and research services utilized by the Investment Adviser, provided that the Investment Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of each such commission paid to a broker is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker viewed in terms of either the particular transaction to which the commission relates or the Investment Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to accounts as to which the Investment Adviser exercises investment discretion. The Investment Adviser may aggregate securities orders so long as the Investment Adviser adheres to a policy of allocating investment opportunities to the Portfolio over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis relative to other clients. In no instance will the Portfolio’s securities be purchased from or sold to the Fund’s principal underwriter, the Investment Adviser, or any affiliated person thereof, except to the extent permitted by SEC exemptive order or by applicable law.

 

The Investment Adviser shall report to the Board of Directors of the Fund at least quarterly with respect to brokerage transactions that were entered into by the Investment Adviser, pursuant to the foregoing paragraph, and shall certify to the Board that the commissions paid were reasonable in terms either of that transaction or the overall responsibilities of the Investment Adviser to the Fund and the Investment Adviser’s other clients, that the total commissions paid by the Fund were reasonable in relation to the benefits to the Fund over the long term, and that such commissions were paid in compliance with Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 -3- 

 

SECTION 5. CONFORMITY WITH LAW; CONFIDENTIALITY. The Investment Adviser further agrees that it will comply with all applicable rules and regulations of all federal regulatory agencies and self-regulatory organizations having jurisdiction over the Portfolio and/or the Investment Adviser in the performance of its duties hereunder. The Investment Adviser will treat confidentially and as proprietary information of the Fund all records and other information relating to the Fund and prior, present, or potential shareholders (except with respect to clients of the Investment Adviser) and will not use such records and information for any purpose other than performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except after prior notification to and approval in writing by the Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Investment Adviser may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, or when so requested by the Fund. Where the Investment Adviser may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply with a request for records or other information relating to the Fund, the Investment Adviser may comply with such request prior to obtaining the Fund’s written approval, provided that the Investment Adviser has taken reasonable steps to promptly notify the Fund, in writing, upon receipt of the request.

 

SECTION 6. SERVICES NOT EXCLUSIVE. The Investment Adviser and its officers may act and continue to act as investment managers for others, and nothing in this Agreement shall in any way be deemed to restrict the right of the Investment Adviser to perform investment management or other services for any other person or entity, and the performance of such services for others shall not be deemed to violate or give rise to any duty or obligation to the Portfolio or the Fund.

 

Nothing in this Agreement shall limit or restrict the Investment Adviser or any of its directors, officers, affiliates or employees from buying, selling or trading in any securities for its or their own account. The Fund acknowledges that the Investment Adviser and its directors, officers, affiliates, employees and other clients may, at any time, have, acquire, increase, decrease, or dispose of positions in investments which are at the same time being acquired or disposed of for the Portfolio. The Investment Adviser shall have no obligation to acquire for the Portfolio a position in any investment which the Investment Adviser, its directors, officers, affiliates or employees may acquire for its or their own accounts or for the account of another client, so long as it continues to be the policy and practice of the Investment Adviser not to favor or disfavor consistently or consciously any client or class of clients in the allocation of investment opportunities so that, to the extent practical, such opportunities will be allocated among clients over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis.

 

The Investment Adviser agrees that this Section 6 does not constitute a waiver by the Fund of the obligations imposed upon the Investment Adviser to comply with Sections 17(d) and 17(j) of the 1940 Act, and the rules thereunder, nor constitute a waiver by the Fund of the obligations imposed upon the Investment Adviser under Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder. Further, the Investment Adviser agrees that this Section 6 does not constitute a waiver by the Fund of the fiduciary obligation of the Investment Adviser arising under federal or state law, including Section 36 of the 1940 Act. The Investment Adviser agrees that this Section 6 shall be interpreted consistent with the provisions of Section 17(i) of the 1940 Act.

 -4- 

 

SECTION 7. BOOKS AND RECORDS. In compliance with the requirements of Rule 3la-3 under the 1940 Act, the Investment Adviser hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for the Portfolio are the property of the Fund and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Fund any of such records upon the Fund’s request. The Investment Adviser further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 3la-2 under the 1940 Act the records required to be maintained by Rule 3la-1 under the 1940 Act.

 

SECTION 8. EXPENSES. During the term of this Agreement, the Investment Adviser will pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under this Agreement. In addition, for no additional compensation, the Investment Adviser shall pay all of the other operating expenses of the Portfolio, excluding: (i) its advisory fees payable under this Agreement; (ii) distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act; (iii) interest expenses; (iv) brokerage expenses, trading expenses and other expenses (such as stamp taxes) in connection with the execution of portfolio transactions or in connection with creation and redemption transactions; (v) compensation and expenses of the Fund’s independent directors and officers; (vi) compensation and expenses of counsel to the independent directors; (vii) tax expenses (including any income or franchise taxes) and governmental fees; and (viii) extraordinary expenses, such as litigation costs and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.

 

General expenses of the Fund not readily identifiable as belonging to an investment portfolio of the Fund shall be allocated among all investment portfolios by or under the direction of the Fund’s Board of Directors in such manner as the Board determines to be fair and equitable and such expenses will be borne by the Investment Adviser or Portfolio in accordance with this Section 8.

 

SECTION 9. VOTING. The Investment Adviser shall have the authority to vote as agent for the Portfolio, either in person or by proxy, tender and take all actions incident to the ownership of all securities in which the Portfolio’s assets may be invested from time to time, subject to such policies and procedures as the Board of Directors of the Fund may adopt from time to time.

 

SECTION 10. RESERVATION OF NAME. The Investment Adviser shall at all times have all rights in and to the Portfolio’s name and all investment models used by or on behalf of the Portfolio. The Investment Adviser may use the Portfolio’s name or any portion thereof in connection with any other mutual fund or business activity without the consent of any shareholder and the Fund shall execute and deliver any and all documents required to indicate the consent of the Fund to such use. The Fund hereby agrees that in the event that neither the Investment Adviser nor any of its affiliates acts as investment adviser to the Portfolio, the name of the Portfolio will be changed to one that does not suggest an affiliation with the Investment Adviser.

 -5- 

 

SECTION 11. COMPENSATION.

 

(a) For the services provided and the expenses assumed pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the Portfolio, the Fund will pay the Investment Adviser from the assets of the Portfolio and the Investment Adviser will accept as full compensation therefor a fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at the annual rate of [ ]% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets. For any period less than a full month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month.

 

(b) The fee attributable to the Portfolio shall be satisfied only against the assets of the Portfolio and not against the assets of any other investment portfolio of the Fund. The Investment Adviser may from time to time agree not to impose all or a portion of its fee otherwise payable hereunder (in advance of the time such fee or portion thereof would otherwise accrue) and/or undertake to pay or reimburse the Portfolio for all or a portion of its expenses not otherwise required to be borne or reimbursed by the Investment Adviser.

 

SECTION 12. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. The Investment Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which this Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Investment Adviser in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under this Agreement (“disabling conduct”). The Portfolio will indemnify the Investment Adviser against and hold it harmless from any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) resulting from any claim, demand, action or suit not resulting from disabling conduct by the Investment Adviser. Indemnification shall be made only following: (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the Investment Adviser was not liable by reason of disabling conduct or (ii) in the absence of such a decision, a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the Investment Adviser was not liable by reason of disabling conduct by (a) the vote of a majority of a quorum of directors of the Portfolio who are neither “interested persons” of the Fund nor parties to the proceeding (“disinterested non-party directors”) or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. The Investment Adviser shall be entitled to advances from the Portfolio for payment of the reasonable expenses incurred by it in connection with the matter as to which it is seeking indemnification in the manner and to the fullest extent permissible under the Maryland General Corporation Law. The Investment Adviser shall provide to the Portfolio a written affirmation of its good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Portfolio has been met and a written undertaking to repay any such advance if it should ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met. In addition, at least one of the following additional conditions shall be met: (a) the Investment Adviser shall provide a security in form and amount acceptable to the Portfolio for its undertaking; (b) the Portfolio is insured against losses arising by reason of the advance; or (c) a majority of a quorum of disinterested non-party directors, or independent legal counsel, in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of facts readily available to the Portfolio at the time the advance is proposed to be made, that there is reason to believe that the Investment Adviser will ultimately be found to be entitled to indemnification. Any amounts payable by the Portfolio under this Section shall be satisfied only against the assets of the Portfolio and not against the assets of any other investment portfolio of the Fund.

 -6- 

 

The limitations on liability and indemnification provisions of this Section 12 shall not be applicable to any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses arising from the Investment Adviser’s rights to the Portfolio’s name. The Investment Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Fund and the Portfolio for any claims arising from the use of the terms “Red Gate” in the name of the Portfolio.

 

SECTION 13. DURATION AND TERMINATION. This Agreement shall become effective with respect to the Portfolio as of the date first above written and, unless sooner terminated as provided herein, shall continue with respect to the Portfolio until August 16, 2022. Thereafter, if not terminated, this Agreement shall continue with respect to the Portfolio for successive annual periods ending on August 16, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the vote of a majority of those members of the Board of Directors of the Fund who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (b) by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio; provided, however, that this Agreement may be terminated with respect to the Portfolio by the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the Board of Directors of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio, on 60 days’ prior written notice to the Investment Adviser, or by the Investment Adviser at any time, without payment of any penalty, on 60 days’ prior written notice to the Fund. This Agreement will immediately terminate in the event of its assignment. (As used in this Agreement, the terms “majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested person” and “assignment” shall have the same meaning as such terms have in the 1940 Act).

 

SECTION 14. AMENDMENT OF THIS AGREEMENT. No provision of this Agreement may be changed, discharged or terminated orally, except by an instrument in writing signed by the party against which enforcement of the change, discharge or termination is sought, and, unless otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act, no amendment of this Agreement affecting the Portfolio shall be effective until approved by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.

 

SECTION 15. MISCELLANEOUS. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors.

 

SECTION 16. NOTICE. All notices hereunder shall be given in writing and delivered by hand, national overnight courier, facsimile (provided written confirmation of receipt is obtained and said notice is sent via first class mail on the next business day) or mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, as follows:

 -7- 

 

If to the Fund:

 

The RBB Fund, Inc

c/o US Bancorp Fund Services, LLC

615 E. Michigan St.

Milwaukee, WI 53202

Attention: Salvatore Faia

 

If to the Investment Adviser:

 

Red Gate Advisers, LLC

223 Wilmington West Chester Pike

Chadds Ford, PA 19317

Attention:

  

The effective date of any notice shall be (i) the date such notice is sent if such delivery is effected by hand or facsimile, (ii) one business day after the date such notice is sent if such delivery is effected by national overnight courier; or (iii) the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date of mailing thereof.

 

SECTION 17. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to the conflicts of laws principles thereof.

 

SECTION 18. COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.

 

  THE RBB FUND, INC.  
     
  By: /s/ Salvatore Faia  
  Name: Salvatore Faia  
  Title: President  
     
  RED GATE ADVISERS, LLC  
     
  By: /s/ John Brett  
  Name: John Brett  
  Title: President  
 -8- 

 

 

FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE 

AMENDED AND RESTATED FUND ACCOUNTING SERVICING AGREEMENT

 

THIS FOURTH AMENDMENT, effective as of May 24,, 2021, to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2019, as amended (the “Agreement”), is entered into by and between THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation, (the “Company”) and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC, a Wisconsin limited liability company (“USBFS”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the parties have entered into the Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company and USBFS desire to amend the series of the Company to add new Funds; and

 

WHEREAS, Section 13 of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may be amended by written agreement executed by both parties, and authorized or approved by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree to amend and restate Exhibit A of the Agreement for the purposes of adding the YieldX Diversified Income ETF, DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF to the Agreement and updating the name of the SGI Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly, the Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund).

 

Amended Exhibit A of the Agreement is hereby replaced with the Amended Exhibit A attached hereto.

 

Except to the extent amended hereby, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Fourth Amendment to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date and year first written above. 

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.   U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
         
By: /s/ James G. Shaw   By: /s/ Anita Zagrodnik

 

Printed Name: James G. Shaw   Printed Name: Anita Zagrodnik
Title: CFO/Treasurer & Secretary   Title: Senior Vice President 7/23/2021

 

   

 

Amended Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement

 

The separate Mutual Fund Series and ETF Series of the RBB Fund, Inc. and Certain Related Entities

 

Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund

 

Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC

 

Abbey Capital Master Offshore Fund Limited

 

Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC

 

Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund

 

Adara Smaller Companies Fund

 

Aquarius International Fund

 

Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II

 

Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund

 

WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Offshore Fund Ltd.

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Fund 

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Offshore Limited 

 

Campbell Advantage Fund

 

Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited

 

Free Market Fixed Income Fund

 

Free Market International Equity Fund

   

 

Free Market US Equity Fund 

 

Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Global Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Conservative Fund 

 

SGI Peak Growth Fund 

 

SGI Prudent Growth Fund 

 

SGI Small Cap Growth Fund

 

MFAM Global Opportunities Fund 

 

MFAM Mid Cap Growth Fund 

 

MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF 

 

Motley Fool 100 Index ETF 

 

Orinda Income Opportunities Fund 

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

 

YieldX Diversified Income ETF

 

DriveWealth Power Saver ETF

 

DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF

   

 

 

FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED FUND ADMINISTRATION SERVICING AGREEMENT

 

THIS FOURTH AMENDMENT, effective as of May 24, 2021, to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2019 (the “Agreement”), is entered into by and between THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation, (the “Company”) and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC, a Wisconsin limited liability company (“USBFS”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the parties have entered into the Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company and USBFS desire to amend the series of the Company to add new Funds; and

 

WHEREAS, Section 11 of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may be amended by written agreement executed by both parties, and authorized or approved by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree to amend and restate Exhibit A of the Agreement for the purposes of adding the YieldX Diversified Income ETF, DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF to the Agreement and updating the name of the SGI Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly, the Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund).

 

Exhibit A of the Agreement is hereby replaced with the Amended Exhibit A attached hereto.

 

Except to the extent amended hereby, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Fourth Amendment to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date and year first written above.

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.   U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
         
By: /s/ James G. Shaw   By: /s/ Anita Zagrodnik

 

Printed Name: James G. Shaw   Printed Name: Anita Zagrodnik
Title: CFO/Treasurer & Secretary   Title: Senior Vice President 7/23/2021
   

 

Amended Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Fund Administration Servicing Agreement

 

The separate Mutual Fund Series and ETF Series of the RBB Fund, Inc. and Certain Related Entities

 

Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund

 

Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC

 

Abbey Capital Master Offshore Fund Limited

 

Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC

 

Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund

 

Adara Smaller Companies Fund

 

Aquarius International Fund

 

Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II

 

Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund

 

WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Offshore Fund Ltd.

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Fund 

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Offshore Limited 

 

Campbell Advantage Fund

   

 

Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited

 

Free Market Fixed Income Fund

 

Free Market International Equity Fund

 

Free Market US Equity Fund 

 

Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Global Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Conservative Fund 

 

SGI Peak Growth Fund 

 

SGI Prudent Growth Fund 

 

SGI Small Cap Growth Fund

 

MFAM Global Opportunities Fund 

 

MFAM Mid Cap Growth Fund 

 

MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF 

 

Motley Fool 100 Index ETF 

 

Orinda Income Opportunities Fund 

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

 

YieldX Diversified Income ETF

 

DriveWealth Power Saver ETF

 

DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF

   

 

 

THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED TRANSFER AGENT SERVICING AGREEMENT

 

THIS THIRD AMENDMENT, effective as of May 24, 2021, to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2019 (the “Agreement”), is entered into by and between THE RBB FUND, INC., a Maryland corporation, (the “Company”) and U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC, a Wisconsin limited liability company (“USBFS”).

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the parties have entered into the Agreement; and

 

WHEREAS, the Company and USBFS desire to amend the series of the Company to add new Funds; and

 

WHEREAS, Section 13 of the Agreement provides that the Agreement may be amended by written agreement executed by both parties, and authorized or approved by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties agree to amend and restate Exhibit A of the Agreement for the purposes of adding the YieldX Diversified Income ETF, DriveWealth Power Saver ETF and DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF to the Agreement and updating the name of the SGI Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly, the Bogle Investment Management Small Cap Growth Fund).

 

Amended Exhibit A of the Agreement is hereby replaced with Amended Exhibit A attached hereto.

 

Except to the extent amended hereby, the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Third Amendment to be executed by a duly authorized officer on one or more counterparts as of the date and year first written above.

 

THE RBB FUND, INC.   U.S. BANCORP FUND SERVICES, LLC
         
By: /s/ James G. Shaw   By: /s/ Anita Zagrodnik

 

Printed Name: James G. Shaw   Printed Name: Anita Zagrodnik
Title: CFO/Treasurer & Secretary   Title: Senior Vice President 7/23/2021
   

 

Amended Exhibit A to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement

 

The separate Mutual Fund Series and ETF Series of the RBB Fund, Inc. and Certain Related Entities

 

Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund

 

Abbey Capital Onshore Series LLC

 

Abbey Capital Master Offshore Fund Limited

 

Abbey Capital Offshore Fund SPC

 

Abbey Capital Multi Asset Fund

 

Adara Smaller Companies Fund

 

Aquarius International Fund

 

Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II

 

Boston Partners All-Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund

 

WPG Partners Small/Micro Cap Value Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Long/Short Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Dynamic Equity Fund

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Long/Short Offshore Fund Ltd.

 

Boston Partners Emerging Markets Fund

 

Boston Partners Global Equity Advantage Fund

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Fund 

 

Campbell Systematic Macro Offshore Limited 

 

Campbell Advantage Fund

 

Campbell Advantage Offshore Limited

   

 

Free Market Fixed Income Fund

 

Free Market International Equity Fund

 

Free Market US Equity Fund 

 

Matson Money U.S. Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money International Equity VI Portfolio 

 

Matson Money Fixed Income VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Global Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Small Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund 

 

SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity VI Portfolio 

 

SGI Conservative Fund 

 

SGI Peak Growth Fund 

 

SGI Prudent Growth Fund 

 

SGI Small Cap Growth Fund

 

MFAM Global Opportunities Fund 

 

MFAM Mid Cap Growth Fund 

 

MFAM Small-Cap Growth ETF 

 

Motley Fool 100 Index ETF 

 

Orinda Income Opportunities Fund 

 

Stance Equity ESG Large Cap Core ETF

 

YieldX Diversified Income ETF

 

DriveWealth Power Saver ETF

 

DriveWealth Steady Saver ETF

   

 

 

CONSENT OF COUNSEL

 

We hereby consent to the use of our name and to the reference to our Firm under the caption “Legal Counsel” in the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information that are included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 282 to the Registration Statement (No. 33-20827; 811-5518) on Form N-1A of The RBB Fund, Inc., under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, respectively. In giving such consent, however, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.

 

  /s/ Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP  
  FAEGRE DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP  

 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

September 27, 2021 

   

 

BOSTON PARTNERS

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

As of May 2021

 

 

COMPLIANCE POLICIES

 

A.Code of Ethics

 

Boston Partners has built a reputation for integrity and professionalism among its clients. We value the confidence and trust those clients have placed in us and strive to protect that trust. This Code of Ethics (the “Code”) is our commitment to protecting our clients’ trust by establishing formal standards for general personal and professional conduct. Furthermore, this Code does not attempt to identify all potential conflicts of interest or conduct abuses, and violations regarding the spirit of the Code may be subject to disciplinary action. Questions regarding the interpretation of the Code or its application to particular conduct should be addressed with Legal or the CD.

 

A.APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

 

This Code and all sections, unless specifically noted otherwise, apply to all Supervised Persons.

 

Supervised Persons” for purposes of this Code means:

 

1.Directors, and officers of Boston Partners (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions);
2.Employees of Boston Partners and registered representatives of Boston Partners Securities LLC (collectively “Employees”);
3.Any other person who provides investment advisory advice on behalf of Boston Partners and is subject to Boston Partners’ supervision and control; and
4.Certain other persons designated by the CD, such as temporary/contract workers who support our businesses.

 

Access Person” for purposes of this Code means any Supervised Person:

 

1.Who has access to non-public information regarding any client’s purchases or sales of securities, or
2.Who has non-public information regarding the portfolio holdings of any mutual fund, managed account, or private investment fund managed by Boston Partners (“client accounts”); or
3.Who is involved in making securities recommendations to clients or who has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic; or
4.Who is a director or officer of Boston Partners. Excepted from this requirement are Directors of Boston Partners who are not involved in the day-to-day business activities of the firm or do not have access to confidential information regarding client securities holdings, transactions, or recommendations. Also exempted from this requirement are Boston Partners Funds’ directors who are not employees of Boston Partners nor have access to confidential information regarding client securities holdings, transactions or recommendations; or
5.Certain other persons designated by the CD, such as temporary/contract workers who support our businesses.

 

The CD will notify all individuals of their status as either a Supervised Person or an Access Person. 

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B.STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT

 

The following principles are intended to guide in the applicability of this Code of Ethics:

 

1.Boston Partners is a fiduciary and its Supervised Persons have a duty to act for the benefit of Boston Partners’ clients and shall at all times place the financial interests of the client ahead of Boston Partners;
2.Boston Partners holds all Supervised Persons responsible to high standards of integrity, professionalism, and ethical conduct; and
3.Boston Partners fosters a spirit of cohesiveness and teamwork while ensuring the fair treatment of all Supervised Persons.

 

C.COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS

 

All Supervised Persons must comply with applicable federal securities laws. Federal securities laws means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”), the Advisers Act, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Commission or the Department of the Treasury. The applicable laws are designed to prevent the following practices, which should not be viewed as all-encompassing and are not intended to be exclusive of others.

 

Supervised Persons must never:

 

Defraud any client in any manner;
Mislead any client, including by making a statement that omits material facts;
Engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any client, including misappropriation of an investment opportunity;
Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any client or security, including price manipulation.

 

D.CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

As a fiduciary, Boston Partners has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty to its clients and a duty of utmost good faith to act in the best interests of Boston Partners’ clients. Compliance with this fiduciary responsibility can be accomplished by avoiding conflicts of interest and by fully, adequately, and fairly disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict which arises with respect to any client.

 

The following specific guidelines should not be viewed as all-encompassing and are not intended to be exclusive of others:

 

No Supervised Person shall take inappropriate advantage of their position with respect to a client, advancing their position for self-gain.
No Supervised Person shall use knowledge about pending or currently considered client securities transactions to profit personally as a result of such transactions.
All securities transactions affected for the benefit of a client account shall avoid inappropriate favoritism of one client over another client.
All securities transactions affected for the benefit of a Supervised Person shall be conducted in such a manner as to avoid abuse of that individual’s position of trust and responsibility.
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E.CONFIDENTIALITY

 

Boston Partners generates, maintains, and possesses information that it views as proprietary, and it must be held strictly confidential by all Supervised Persons. This information includes, but is not limited to:

 

the financial condition and business activity of Boston Partners or any enterprise with which Boston Partners is conducting business.
investment management agreements and partnership agreements;
client specific information;
holdings in client accounts;
research analyses and trading strategies;
internal communications;
legal advice; and
computer access codes.

 

Supervised Persons may not use proprietary information for their own benefit or for the benefit of any party other than the client. Failure to maintain the confidentiality of this information may have serious detrimental consequences for Boston Partners, its clients, and the Supervised Person who breached the confidence.

 

In order to safeguard Boston Partners’ proprietary information, Supervised Persons are expected to abide by the following:

 

Never share proprietary information with anyone at Boston Partners except on a needs-to-know basis.
Never disclose proprietary information to anyone outside of Boston Partners, except in connection with Boston Partners’ business and in a manner consistent with the client’s interests, or unless required in order to make a statement not misleading, or to otherwise comply with the law.
Disclosing proprietary information in connection with Boston Partners’ business is permissible in accordance with Boston Partners’ Selective Disclosure and Disclosing Portfolio Holdings Policy, Boston Partners’ Privacy and Disposal Policy, and Boston Partners’ Media Policy.
Never remove any proprietary information from Boston Partners’ premises, unless absolutely necessary for business purposes (and, if so, the information must be kept in the possession of the Supervised Person or in a secure place at all times and returned promptly to Boston Partners’ premises);
Exercise caution in displaying documents or discussing information in public places such as in elevators, restaurants, or airplanes, or in the presence of outside vendors or others not employed by Boston Partners;
Exercise caution when using e-mail, cellular telephones, facsimile machines or messenger services;
Never leave documents containing proprietary information in conference rooms, wastebaskets, or desks, or anywhere else where the information could be seen or retrieved;

 

Boston Partners’ restrictions on the use of proprietary information continue in effect after termination of employment with Boston Partners, unless specific written permission is obtained from the General Counsel. For purposes of clarification, the terms of any separate confidentiality agreement between an Employee and Boston Partners or any of its affiliates shall supersede this general restriction, to the extent applicable.

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Federal law protects the ability of “whistleblowers” to report violations of applicable law. Nothing in any agreement between yourself and Boston Partners shall be interpreted or deemed to limit you in any way from communicating with the Securities and Exchange Commission about any actions that you reasonably believe to be a violation of applicable securities laws or with any other regulatory or enforcement agency about any actions that you reasonably believe to be a violation of any other applicable law.

 

Any questions regarding policies and procedures on the use of proprietary information should be brought to the attention of the CCO.

 

F.EMPLOYEE PERSONAL SECURITIES MONITORING

 

DEFINITIONS

 

Covered Security” shall include any type of equity or debt instrument, including any rights, warrants, derivatives, convertibles, options, puts, calls, straddles, exchange traded funds, shares of closed-end mutual funds, shares of open end mutual funds that are advised or sub advised by Boston Partners, its affiliates or, in general, any interest or investment commonly known as a security.

 

“Non-Covered Security” shall include shares of open-ended mutual funds that are not advised or sub- advised by Boston Partners or its affiliates, direct obligations of the US government, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements, which have a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and that are rated in one of the two highest rating categories by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”).

 

Investment Personnelshall include portfolio managers, research analysts, traders and any other person who provides information or advice to portfolio managers, or who helps execute or implement the portfolio manager’s decisions as designated by the CD.

 

“Beneficial Interest” shall include any Covered Security in which a Supervised Person has an opportunity directly or indirectly to provide or share in any profit derived from a transaction in a Covered Security, including:

accounts personally held by the Supervised Person;
accounts held by the Supervised Person’s immediate family members related by blood or marriage sharing the same household;
any person or organization (such as an investment club) with whom a Supervised Person has an opportunity to directly or indirectly share in any profit from a transaction in a Covered Security; or
any trusts of which a Supervised Person is trustee.

 

“Designated Broker/Dealer” is one who has contracted with Boston Partners to make available Supervised Persons’ investment accounts, statements and confirmations via electronic download. A list of designated broker/dealers is available upon request from the CD.

 

“Outside Account” shall include any Supervised Person’s Covered Securities account not held at a Designated Broker/Dealer.

 

1.ACCESS TO SUPERVISED PERSONS’ ACCOUNTS, CONFIRMATIONS AND STATEMENTS

 

Supervised Persons are required to maintain all discretionary or non-discretionary securities or commodities accounts with a Designated Broker/Dealer, unless prior written permission to maintain an Outside Account has been granted by the CD. This includes any account over which the Supervised Person has the power to exercise investment control, including but not limited to accounts in which the Supervised Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. If an Outside Account is approved, the Supervised Person must instruct their broker to send duplicate statements and confirmations to the CD.

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All Supervised Persons whose accounts are custodied outside of Boston Partners’ Designated Broker/Dealer(s) must instruct their broker to submit copies of confirmations and/or account statements to:

 

Compliance Science Boston Partners Global Investors, Inc.

C/O Manual Data Entry

136 Madison Ave, 8th FloorNew York, NY 10016

 

The CD will supervise the review of all confirmations and/or account statements to ensure the required pre-approvals were obtained and to verify the accuracy of the information submitted in the quarterly reports.

 

2.INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES

 

·Supervised Persons may not offer investment advice or manage any person’s portfolio in which he/she does not have a beneficial interest without prior written approval.
·Supervised Persons may not participate in an investment club without prior written approval.

 

3.PRE-CLEARANCE

 

Unless otherwise noted, the following provisions apply to all Covered Securities beneficially owned by Supervised Persons:

 

A.Covered Securities Transactions

Mandatory written/electronic pre-clearance prior to the execution of any transaction involving a Covered Security. The CD may approve transactions. See Section 6 for exemptions.

 

B.Approvals

Pre-clearance is valid only for the day of approval. If the trade is not executed on the approved date, the pre-clearance process must be repeated prior to execution on the day the transaction is to be effected.

 

C.Initial Public Offering (IPO) Transactions

Mandatory written/electronic pre-clearance prior to participation in an IPO, except for Government Bonds and Municipal Securities. Approval is determined on a case-by-case basis; documentation supporting the decision rationale will be maintained on all requests.

 

D.Private Limited Opportunity Investments

Mandatory written/electronic pre-clearance prior to the execution of any private limited opportunity investment in a security. Private limited opportunity investments include, but are not limited to, private investments in hedge funds and Delaware Statutory Trusts, as well as any private business investment in a security, including a family business. Any questions regarding whether or not a particular investment requires written/electronic consent should be addressed with the CD prior to investment. Approval is determined on a case-by-case basis; documentation supporting the decision rationale will be maintained on all requests.

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E.Short Sales/Cover Shorts/Options

Mandatory written/electronic pre-clearance prior to execution of any personal transaction involving a short position or option position except for ETFs. Supervised Persons may not sell a security short if it is currently held long in a client account. This prohibition includes writing naked call options or buying naked put options. Approval is determined based on the underlying security and transactions are subject to all blackout policies including the short- term profit prohibition. Short positions on ETFs do not require pre-clearance and are not subject to the blackout periods or a 30 day holding period.

 

F.Gifts of Securities

Gifts of securities do not need pre-clearance but must be reported on quarterly transaction and annual holdings statements.

 

4.HOLDING PERIODS

 

Unless otherwise noted, the following provisions apply to all Covered Securities beneficially owned by Supervised Persons:

 

A.Supervised Persons may not profit from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the same (or equivalent) securities within 30 calendar days. “Equivalent” security means any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege at a price related to the subject security or similar securities with a value derived from the value of the subject security.

 

B.Multiple purchases/sales of the same or equivalent security will be considered on a First-In- First-Out (“FIFO”) basis.

 

C.Closing transactions resulting in a loss may be made after a holding period of one day.

 

D.Trading of a security in both directions (buy/sell or sell/buy), (“Day Trading”) is prohibited.

 

5.BLACK OUT PERIODS

 

A.No purchase or sale of any Covered Security for which an open order currently exists.

 

B.Investment Personnel are prohibited from purchasing or selling any Covered Security for which they have responsibility for a Client Transaction or should have knowledge that the security may be under active consideration 3 days before a “Client Transaction.” Transactions are allowed on the third day.

 

C.Supervised Persons are prohibited from purchasing or selling any Covered Security that is also held in client accounts 3 calendar days after a “Client Transaction.” Employee trades are allowed on the third day.
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“Client Transaction” is generally defined as any trade across all or a significant number of portfolios in one strategy whereby the Covered Security: 1) has been newly established, or 2) the percent holding has been increased or decreased, 3) or a new account is being funded and a significant position, as determined by Boston Partners, is being established.

 

6.EXEMPT TRANSACTIONS

 

Outlined below are certain exemptions to the Code; however, such exemptions may be withheld by Boston Partners in its sole discretion. Additional exemptions may be permitted on a case-by- case basis to any provision in this Code when the circumstances of the situation strongly support an exemption.

 

A.Black Out Period Exemptions

 

Covered Security transactions for which a Supervised Person has requested and received preclearance from the CD will not be deemed to have violated any blackout period in Section 5 based upon subsequent information or events unless the Supervised Person is the Portfolio Manager or other Investment Person directly responsible for recommending, approving/initiating, or executing the client transaction.

 

B.Pre-Clearance and Black Out Period Exemptions

 

The following transactions are exempt from the Pre-Clearance provisions as defined in Section 3 and from the Black Out Period provisions as defined in Section 5.

 

These transactions are NOT exempt from Holding Period provisions as defined in Section 4 or from the Reporting provisions as defined in Section 7.

 

1.Purchases and Sales of shares of mutual funds advised or sub-advised by Boston Partners or its affiliates.

 

2.Purchases and sales involving a long* position in a common stock, exchange-traded fund, or a closed end fund when:

 

i)the market cap is in excess of $3 billion; AND
ii)the aggregate share amount executed across all accounts in which the Employee has a Beneficial Interest is 1,000 shares or fewer over a 30-day period.

 

*Note, this exemption does not apply to short positions or options.

 

C.Pre-Clearance, Holding, and Black Out Period, Period Exemptions

 

The following transactions are exempt from all Pre-Clearance provisions defined in Section 3, Holding Period provisions as defined in Section 4, and Black Out Period provisions as defined in Section 5.

 

These transactions are NOT exempt from the Reporting provisions as defined in Section 7.

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1.Covered Security transactions executed on a fully discretionary basis by a Registered Investment Adviser (other than Boston Partners) on behalf of a Supervised Person and a letter stating such is maintained in the file;

 

2.Purchases and sales of Exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) or options on ETFs. (*Exemption applies to 30 days hold for profit, does not apply to prohibition of Day Trading. Day Trading of ETFs or options on ETFs is prohibited);

 

3.Purchases or sales effected in any account over which there is no direct or indirect influence or control;

 

4.Purchases or sales that are non-volitional such as margin calls, stock splits, stock dividends, bond maturities, automatic dividend reinvestment plans, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions generally applicable to all holders of the same class of securities;

 

5.Systematic investment plans provided the CCO, or designee, has been previously notified of the participation in the plan;

 

6.Any acquisition of a Covered Security through the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of the class, to the extent such rights were acquired in the issue (and not through the acquisition of transferable rights);

 

7.Transactions by an Investment Person acting as a portfolio manager for an investment limited partnership or investment company where Boston Partners is the contractual investment adviser and in which the Investment Person has a Beneficial Interest or for or any account in which Boston Partners has a proprietary interest.

 

7.REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

 

A.Quarterly Transaction Reports

 

All Supervised Persons must submit to the CD a report of every Covered Security transaction, IPO, private limited opportunity investment, and gift of covered securities in which they received/participated or in which they beneficially owned/participated during the calendar quarter no later than 30 days after the end of that quarter.

 

The report shall include the following:

 

1.The name of the security, the date of the transaction, the interest rate and maturity (if applicable), the number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved;
2.The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or other type of acquisition or disposition);
3.The price at which the transaction was effected;
4.The name of the broker, dealer, or bank through which the transaction was effected;
5.Factors relevant to a potential conflict of interest, including the existence of any substantial economic relationship between the transaction and securities held or to be acquired by an account managed by Boston Partners;
6.With respect to any account established by an Access Person during the quarter, the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with whom the account was established;
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7.The date the account was established; and
8.The date the report was submitted.

 

ACCOUNTS HELD AT DESIGNATED BROKER/DEALERS EXCEPTION

 

For securities transactions for which the CD has direct access through a Designated Broker/Dealer electronic confirmation, such electronic access is deemed to be sufficient reporting to comply with the above requirement although a quarterly certification of completeness is still required. Each Supervised Person must verify that the CD has this required access prior to taking advantage of this exception.

 

B.Initial Holdings Report

 

All Access Persons shall disclose to the CD, no later than 10 days after becoming an Access Person, a listing of Covered Securities in which the Access Person has a Beneficial Interest as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted.

 

The report shall include the following:

 

1.The name of the security, the number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest when the person became an Access Person;
2.The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and
3.The date the report is submitted.

 

The CD will review all Initial Holdings Reports in an effort to monitor potential conflicts of interest and to understand the full nature of the Access Person’s current holdings.

 

C.Annual Holdings Reports

 

Annually, on a date determined by the CD, Access Persons shall deliver to the CD, a listing of Covered Securities in which the Access Person has a Beneficial Interest that must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted.

 

The report shall include the following:

 

1.The name of the security, the number of shares, and the principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest;
2.The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and
3.The date the report is submitted.

 

The CD will review all Annual Holdings Reports in an effort to monitor potential conflicts of interest and to understand the full nature of the Access Person’s current holdings.

 

8.RESTRICTED SECURITIES LIST

 

The CD maintains a Restricted Security List (the “Restricted List”) which includes all securities where a Supervised Person has, or is in a position to receive, material non-public information about a company, such as information about a company’s earnings or dividends, as a result of a special relationship between Boston Partners or a Supervised Person and the company.

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If a Supervised Person knows or believes they have material, non-public information, they must immediately notify Legal or the CD. The decision whether to place a security on the Restricted List and the amount of time a security will remain on the Restricted List is made by Legal.

 

If it is determined that the Supervised Person is in possession of material, non-public information, the CD will establish a “Protective Wall” around the Supervised Person, to the extent reasonably possible. In order to avoid inadvertently imposing greater restrictions on trading than are necessary, a Supervised Person may not discuss this information with anyone without the approval of Legal. In addition, Supervised Persons having access to the Restricted List are to be reminded that the securities on the list are confidential and proprietary and should not be disclosed to anyone without the prior approval of Legal.

 

When an order is received from a Supervised Persons in a security on the Restricted List, the Preclearance System will automatically flag the transaction. The CD maintains procedures for adding securities to the Restricted List as well as monitoring and removal of those securities from the list.

 

9.ACTIVITY REVIEW

 

Supervised Persons are expected to devote their full time and attention to their work responsibilities. Boston Partners may take steps to curtail an individual’s trading activity if, in the judgment of the appropriate department manager or the CD, the Supervised Person’s trading activity is having or may have an adverse impact on their job performance.

 

G.INSIDER TRADING AND MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION

 

Boston Partners has developed the following policies to monitor, restrict if necessary, and educate Supervised Persons with respect to acquiring and investing when in possession of material, non- public information.

 

Insider trading is generally defined as purchasing or selling securities while in the possession of material, non-public information in violation of a duty not to trade. However, if no duty exists, it is permissible to trade when in possession of this information. The question of duty is complex and depends on facts and circumstances. Situations which could require a fiduciary duty not to act include but are not limited to: information gained directly from corporate insiders or temporary insiders (i.e. officers, directors and employees of a company), information gained from participation on formal or informal creditors’ committees, and information prohibited from disclosure by confidentiality agreements. Additionally, a misappropriation theory exists whereby an individual who possesses inside information would be prohibited from trading on such information if they are found to owe a duty to a third party and not the corporation whose securities are being traded. You must refer any questions to Legal for a correct interpretation if you believe you may be in possession of material non-public information.

 

1.What is Material Information?

 

There is no statutory definition of material information. Information an investor would find useful in deciding whether or when to buy or sell a security is generally material. In most instances, any non-public information that, if announced, could affect the price of the security should be considered to be material information. If you are not sure whether non-public information is material, you must consult Legal.

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2.What is Non-public Information?

 

Non-public information is information that is not generally available to the investing public. Information is public if it is generally available through the media or disclosed in public documents such as corporate filings with the SEC. If it is disclosed in a national business or financial wire service (such as Dow Jones or Bloomberg), in a national news service (such as AP or Reuters), in a newspaper, magazine, on the television, on the radio or in a publicly disseminated disclosure document (such as a proxy statement, quarterly or annual report, or prospectus), consider the information to be public. If the information is not available in the general media or in a public filing, consider the information to be non-public. If you are uncertain as to whether material information is non-public, you must consult Legal.

 

While Supervised Persons must be especially alert to sensitive information, you may consider information directly from a company representative to be public information unless you know or have reason to believe that such information is not generally available to the investing public. In addition, information you receive from company representatives during a conference call that is open to the investment community is public. The disclosure of this type of information is covered by SEC Regulation FD. Please contact Legal if you have any questions with regard to this Regulation.

 

Supervised Persons working on a private securities transaction who receive information from a company representative regarding the transaction or who have knowledge of an affiliate’s private equity transactions should treat the information as non-public. The termination or conclusion of the negotiations in many instances will not change the status of that information.

 

3.Examples of Material, Non-Public Information

 

A.Material information may be about the issuer itself such as:

 

·Information about a company's earnings or dividends, (such as whether they will be increasing or decreasing);
·any merger, acquisition, tender offer, joint venture or similar transaction involving the company;
·information about a company's physical assets (e.g., an oil discovery, or an environmental problem);
·information about a company's personnel (such as a valuable employee leaving or becoming seriously ill); or
·information about a company's financial status (e.g., any plans or other developments concerning financial restructuring or the issuance or redemption of, or any payments on, any securities).

 

B.Information may be material that is not directly about a company, if the information is relevant to that company or its products, business, or assets such as:

 

·Information that a company's primary supplier is going to increase dramatically the prices it charges; or

·information that a competitor has just developed a product that may cause sales of a company's products to decrease.

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C.Material information may include information about Boston Partners’ portfolio management activities such as:

 

·any information that Boston Partners is considering when assessing whether to purchase or sell a security;
·any actual purchase or sale decisions; or
·all client holdings.

 

4.Boston Partners’ Use of Material, Non-Public Information

 

Supervised Persons may receive or have access to material, non-public information in the course of their work at Boston Partners. Company policy, industry practice and federal and state law establish strict guidelines for the use of material, non-public information. To ensure that Supervised Persons adhere to the applicable laws, Boston Partners has adopted the following policies:

 

Supervised Persons:

 

·may not use material, non-public information about an issuer for investment purposes to benefit client or proprietary accounts, for personal gain, or share such information with others for their personal benefit;

 

·may not pass material, non-public information about an issuer on to others or recommend that others trade the issuer's securities;

 

·must treat as confidential all information defined in Section E, Confidentiality, of this Code and preserve the confidentiality of such information and disclose it only as defined in that section;

 

·must consider all client holdings as material, nonpublic information. In addition, if a Supervised Person is aware that Boston Partners is considering or actually trading any security for any account it manages, the Supervised Person must regard that as material, nonpublic information. While deemed material, nonpublic information, securities which Boston Partners is considering or actually trading for client accounts may be traded by Boston Partners and are exempt from reporting to Legal, but remain subject to all other confidentiality provisions discussed above in Section E as well as Boston Partners’ Privacy Policy, Selective Disclosure and Disclosing Portfolio Holdings Policy, and Investment Recommendations Policy;
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·are prohibited from discussing the following when sourcing or analyzing investment ideas with buy-side investment professionals:
·disclosing whether or not a particular security is held in client accounts;
·disclosing Boston Partners’ immediate buy/sell intent with respect to a specific security, or
·making consensus buy/sell decisions; and

 

·for material nonpublic information other than Boston Partners client holdings or transactions must contact Legal immediately and disclose that they are in possession of material nonpublic information and may not communicate such information to anyone without the advance approval of Legal.

 

5.Penalties for Insider Trading

 

Trading securities while in possession of material, nonpublic information or improperly communicating that information to others may expose you to stringent penalties. Criminal sanctions may include a fine of up to $5,000,000 and/or twenty years imprisonment. The SEC can recover the profits gained or losses avoided through the volatile trading, a penalty of up to three times the illicit windfall and an order permanently barring you from the securities industry. Finally, investors seeking to recover damages for insider trading violations may sue you.

 

Regardless of whether a government inquiry occurs, Boston Partners views seriously any violation of this Policy Statement. Disciplinary sanctions may be imposed on any person committing a violation, including, but not necessarily limited to, censure, suspension, or termination of employment.

 

6.Monitoring

 

In addition to maintaining a Restricted List, Boston Partners maintains Value Added Investor Procedures to monitor potential conflicts of interest and potential insider trading due to the nature of these relationships. Furthermore, the CD monitors for instances of insider trading which include, but are not limited to, reviews of personal trading activity and email surveillance.

 

7.Engagement of Research Consultants

 

No research consultant may be engaged by Boston Partners without the prior approval of the Head of Research and the CCO or his delegate in the CD. An engagement of a research consultant must be undertaken with appropriate safeguards to prevent the transmission of inside information from the consultant to Boston Partners. Any engagement of a research consultant shall be pursuant to a written agreement that shall, at a minimum, (i) impose confidentiality obligations on the consultant, (ii) contain an acknowledgement by the Consultant that Boston Partners is not requesting and does not want to be provided with material non-public information regarding any issuer of securities or information the provision of which would breach any duty, and (iii) contain a covenant by the consultant not to provide any material non-public information to Boston Partners. Prior to approval, the CD shall undertake sufficient due diligence to ensure that the consultant is suitable for retention by Boston Partners, including, in particular, that the consultant has in place reasonable procedures to prevent the transmission to Boston Partners of material nonpublic information. Boston Partners personnel should notify any prospective consultant as soon as reasonably possible at the inception of any discussions about the engagement or services that the consultant may perform for Boston Partners that Boston Partners does not wish to receive any material nonpublic information and requests that the consultant not provide any such information.

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H.GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT POLICY

 

Supervised Persons or their family members should not offer or accept gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden to the firm or the Supervised Person. The following guidelines will further clarify this general principal. Please refer to Boston Partners’ Gift & Entertainment Policy Supplement for specific examples and additional guidance.

 

DEFINITIONS:

 

“Gift” – anything of value, including, but not limited to gratuities, tokens, objects, clothing, or certificates for anything of value. The definition also includes any meal, tickets or admission to events where the person supplying the meal or event is not present.

 

“Entertainment” – business meals and events such as sporting events, shows, concerts where the person supplying the meal or event is present.

 

1.GIFTS POLICY

 

A.In a given calendar year, no Supervised Person shall accept any Gift(s), in the aggregate, of more than $100 value from the same person or entity that does business with or on behalf of a client (or any of its portfolios), or any entity that provides a service to Adviser. Gifts of greater than $100 value are to be declined or returned in order not to compromise the reputation of Adviser or the individual. Gifts valued at less than $100 and that are considered customary in the industry, are considered appropriate. Further, small, inconsequential gifts, such as gifts received at a conference that were provided to all attendees, inexpensive promotional items from vendors, and other mementos of the like can be accepted without consequence, as long as they meet the conditions listed above.

 

B.No Supervised Person shall provide Gifts of more than $100 value, per person, per year, to existing clients, prospective clients, or any entity that does business with or on behalf of a client (or any of its portfolios), or any entity that provides a service to Adviser. Gifts valued at less than $100 and considered customary in the industry, are considered appropriate.

 

C.Generally, a Supervised Person may not accept or provide a Gift of cash or cash equivalent, (such as a gift card, gift certificate or gift check). Exceptions may be permissible with the approval of a member of Boston Partners’ Management Committee.

 

D.Supervised Persons are expressly prohibited from soliciting anything of value from a client, or other entity with which the firm does business.

 

E.Similarly, Supervised Persons should not agree to provide a Gift that is requested by a client, or other entity with which the firm does business, (such as concert, sporting event or theater tickets,), except if (1) providing the Gift is permissible under this Policy or (2) if not permissible under this Policy, we are assisting a client or other entity in acquiring tickets for which they intend to pay full value.
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2.ENTERTAINMENT POLICY

 

A.Supervised Persons may engage in normal and customary business entertainment. Entertainment that is extraordinary or extravagant, or that does not pertain to business, is not permitted.

 

Importantly, please note, certain rules and regulations enacted by the client or a regulator of the client may exist which prevent any form of Gift or Entertainment. You must be cognizant of what each client allows, especially pertaining to public funds, where rules may be very stringent. Prior to providing Entertainment or a Gift to a representative of a public entity, contact the CD in order to verify interpretation of state or municipal regulations.

 

3.STANDARD OF REASONABLENESS

 

The terms “extraordinary” or “extravagant,” “customary in the industry,” and “normal and customary” may be subjective. Reasonableness is a standard that may vary depending on the facts and circumstances. If you have questions regarding a gift or entertainment, contact your Supervisor, or Legal or the CD.

 

4.RECORDS AND REPORTING

 

Boston Partners must retain records of all Gifts and Entertainment given or received for a period of three years. Records of all received Gifts and Entertainment must be logged in ComplySci. Outgoing Gifts and Entertainment are not reported through ComplySci. Records of outgoing Gifts and Entertainment are retained by administration responsible for purchasing and disseminating the Gifts and Entertainment, which are recorded using travel and expense reimbursement forms/systems retained by Boston Partners Finance Department.

 

I.FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT POLICY

 

In addition to Boston Partners internal Code of Ethics, Salespersons soliciting in foreign jurisdictions must be aware of compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).

 

Anti-bribery Provisions

 

The FCPA makes it unlawful to bribe foreign government officials to obtain or retain business.

 

5 Elements:

 

1.Who: The law applies to any individual, firm, officer, director, employee or agent of a firm and any stockholder acting on behalf of a firm.
2.Corrupt intent: The person making the payment must have a corrupt intent and the payment must be intended to induce the recipient to misuse his official position to direct business wrongfully to the payer (or firm.)
3.Payment: Money or anything of value.
4.Recipient: Corrupt payments to a foreign official, a foreign political party or party official, or any candidate for foreign political office. “Foreign official” means any officer or employee of a foreign government, a public international organization, or any department or agency thereof or any person acting in an official capacity.
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5.Business Purpose Test – Payments made in order to assist the firm in obtaining or retaining business. Interpreted broadly.

 

Exception:

Payments to facilitate or expedite performance of a “routine governmental action.” Such as: obtaining permits; licenses; or other official documents; processing governmental papers such as visas; providing police protection; mail pick-up and delivery; providing phone service; power and water supply; loading and unloading cargo; protecting perishable products; scheduling inspections.

 

Procedures:

Gift giving, entertainment and political contribution policies are incorporated in this policy. Employees may not make payments on behalf of Boston Partners.

In the case of a request for facilitation or other payment by any foreign official, candidate, organization, agency or government or any person acting on their behalf, payment on behalf of Boston Partners requires the review and authorization by both the CFO and CLO.

 

Violations:

 

Criminal:

Firms may be fined up to $2,000,000.

Individuals may be fined up to $100,000 and imprisonment up to 5 years.

 

SEC Enforcement:

Fines up to $500,000. Subject to civil action.

 

J.CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS POLICY

 

From time to time, Boston Partners or its Supervised Persons may be asked by a client to make a charitable contribution. To avoid any real or perceived conflict of interests, Boston Partners has adopted the following procedures.

 

If a contribution is requested by a client, Boston Partners may agree to charitable contributions subject to the following terms.

 

a.The check must be made in Boston Partners’ name (not the client or the supervised person)
b.Any tax benefit is taken by Boston Partners
c.The contribution does not directly benefit the client
d.The contribution is not made to satisfy a pledge made by the client
e.The contribution must be made payable to the 501c3 Charitable organization (otherwise, the contribution may be subject to LM-10 filing with the DOL). Upon receiving a charitable contribution request from a labor organization or employee, please contact the CD.

 

Charitable contributions must be pre-approved by your Supervisor. Check request records and corresponding payments will be maintained by Boston Partners Finance Department.

 

K.POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS POLICY

 

From time to time, Boston Partners or its employees may be asked by a client to make political contributions. In addition, Supervised Persons and members of their household, by their own volition, may seek to make individual political contributions. As an investment manager, Boston Partners is often eligible to manage money on behalf of a state or municipality. To avoid any real or perceived conflict of interests, Boston Partners requires that all personal political contributions, including members of their household, be subject to a preclearance policy.

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For the purposes of this policy, political contribution includes a direct payment of money or contribution of goods or services to, purchase of a ticket to and costs of hosting a fundraising event for, a campaign organization, volunteer work, or fund raising work done on behalf of, or to benefit, a political campaign organization or candidate.

 

Certain contributions, even within your voting jurisdiction, may restrict or prohibit Boston Partners from transacting business with a related public entity. If a Supervised Person or a member of their household exceeds the stated contribution guidelines, Boston Partners is prohibited from providing advisory services for compensation to the effected government entity for two years after the contribution.

 

1.FIRM CONTRIBUTIONS

 

Boston Partners does not make political contributions.

 

2.INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS

 

For all Supervised Persons (including members of the household)

a.Boston Partners will not reimburse any employee for individual political contributions. In addition, the Boston Partners’ corporate credit card cannot be used to make contributions.

 

b.Preclearance is required for all individual contributions to state, municipal and local candidates and campaigns, whether inside or outside your voting jurisdiction.

 

c.Preapproval is required prior to becoming a member of or contributor to any Political Action Committee (“PAC”).

 

d.Preclearance is not required prior to individual personal contributions to national election campaigns, national political parties, or candidates for national office such as President of the U.S. or members of the U.S. Senate or House of Representatives unless the candidate is a current state or municipal office holder.

 

e.Under federal laws personal contributions for which preclearance is required will be limited to:

 

·$350 per election per year for candidates for whom a supervised person is eligible to vote.
·$150 per election per year for candidate for whom a supervised person is not eligible to vote.

 

Limitations under state or municipals laws may differ.

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f.Coordinating or soliciting contributions or payments to elected officials or any state or local political party is prohibited.

 

g.If a Supervised Person becomes aware that he or she has exceeded the limitations above, he or she shall contact the CD immediately and the contribution may be required to be returned.

 

h.If there is a chance that an individual contribution may cause a conflict of interest with Boston Partners’ business, please consult with the CD.

 

Political contribution preclearance is effectuated through ComplySci’s, fka Financial Tracking, system. All political contributions, whether subject to pre-clearance or not, must be logged in ComplySci.

 

L.OUTSIDE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

 

A potential conflict of interest exists between a Supervised Person’s duties to Boston Partners and its clients when individuals are permitted to engage in outside business activities.

 

Written requests must be submitted to the Supervised Person’s supervisor with a copy to the CD prior to a Supervised Person seeking to:

 

·engage in any outside business activity, or
·accept any position as an officer or director of any corporation, organization, association, or mutual fund.

 

The written request must contain all of the information necessary to review the activity. The request should contain the name of the organization, whether the organization is public or private, profit or non-profit or charitable, the nature of the business, the capacity in which the employee will serve, an identification of any possible conflicts, the term of the contemplated relationships and any compensation to be received. Investment personnel are prohibited from serving on the boards of directors of publicly traded companies.

 

The CD, in conjunction with the Supervised Person’s supervisor and the Director of Human Resources, will review and/or identify any potential conflicts.

 

If approved, the CD will provide the Supervised Person with written approval. In addition, if applicable, the CD will ensure that a registered representative’s Form U4 is updated with the FINRA. If a resolution to the conflict cannot be reached, the Supervised Person may be asked to terminate either his/her outside employment or his/her position with Boston Partners.

 

Finally, upon employment and annually thereafter, Supervised Persons are required to fill out the New Employee/Annual Compliance Acknowledgement Form and accompanying Conflicts Questionnaire (“Questionnaire”). The Questionnaire requests information regarding a Supervised Person’s outside business activities. The CD will verify items reported on the Questionnaire against written requests received throughout the year.

 

M.REPORTING VIOLATIONS

 

All Supervised Persons must report violations of this Code promptly to the CD and the General Counsel. Boston Partners is committed to treating all Supervised Persons in a fair and equitable manner.

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Individuals are encouraged to voice concerns regarding any personal or professional issue that may impact their ability or the Boston Partners’ ability to provide a quality product to its clients while operating under the highest standards of integrity. Retaliation against any individual making such a report is prohibited and constitutes a violation of the Code. Any such reports will be treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law and investigated promptly and appropriately. Based on facts and circumstances, the CD may escalate the matter to Boston Partners’ Management Committee for resolution. Supervised Persons may make use of Boston Partners’ Global Whistle Blowing Policy as summarized in the Employee Handbook.

 

N.ANNUAL REVIEWS AND CERTIFICATIONS

 

The CD will review the Code annually and update any provisions and/or attachments which Boston Partners deems require revision.

 

Upon employment, all Supervised Persons are required to certify that they have:

 

1.Received a copy of the Code;
2.Read and understand all provisions of the Code; and
3.Agreed to comply with all provisions of the Code.

 

At the time of any material amendments to this Code, all Supervised Persons are required to:

 

1.Certify they have read and understood the amendments to the Code; and
2.Agree to comply with the amendment and all other provisions of the Code.

 

Annually, all Supervised Persons are required to:

 

1.Certify they have read and understand all provisions of the Code; and
2.Agree to comply with all provisions of the Code.

 

O.SANCTIONS

 

Regardless of whether a government inquiry occurs, Boston Partners views seriously any violation of its Code of Ethics. Disciplinary sanctions may be imposed on any Supervised Persons committing a violation, including, but not necessarily limited to, censure, suspension, monetary penalties, or termination of employment.

 

P.FURTHER INFORMATION

 

Any Supervised Person that has any questions with regard to the applicability of the provisions of this Code, generally or with regard to any attachment referenced herein, should consult Legal or the CD.

 

Q.RECORDKEEPING

 

Boston Partners shall maintain the following records at its principal offices as follows:

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A.This Code and any related procedures, and any code of ethics of Boston Partners that has been in effect during the past five years, shall be maintained in an easily accessible place;

 

B.A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of the violation, to be maintained in an easily accessible place for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

 

C.A copy of each report under this Code made by (or duplicate brokerage statements and/or confirmations for the account of) an Access Person, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or the information is provided, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

 

D.A copy of each report by the CCO to the Board, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place; and

 

E.A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve an acquisition by an Investment Person of securities offered in an Initial Public Offering or in a Limited Offering, to be maintained for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted.

 

END

 

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

April 30, 2020

 

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Effective Date: April 30, 2020

 

1.Introduction

 

This global Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (“Code”) governs the general commitment by BlackRock, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “BlackRock”) to conduct its business activities in the highest ethical and professional manner and to put client interests first. BlackRock’s reputation for integrity is one of its most important assets and is instrumental to its business success. While this Code covers a wide range of business activities, practices, and procedures, it does not cover every issue that may arise in the course of BlackRock’s many business activities. Rather, it sets out basic principles designed to guide BlackRock’s employees and directors. Consultants and contingent, contract, or temporary workers are expected to comply with the principles of this Code and policies applicable to their location, function, and status.

 

Every BlackRock employee and director — whatever his or her position — is responsible for upholding high ethical and professional standards and must seek to avoid even the appearance of improper behavior. Any violation of this Code may result in disciplinary action to the extent permitted by applicable law. Any employee who becomes aware of an actual or potential violation of this Code or other BlackRock policy is required to follow the reporting process described in the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and in Section 10 below.

 

2.Compliance with Laws and Regulations

 

BlackRock’s global business activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation and oversight and it is critical that BlackRock and its employees comply with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including those relating to insider trading. Employees are expected to refer to the guidance contained in the Compliance Manual and the various policies and procedures contained in the Policy Library in compliance with these laws and regulations and to seek advice from supervisors and Legal & Compliance (“L&C”) as necessary.

 

3.Conflicts of Interest

 

Conflicts of interest may arise when a person’s private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, with the interests of BlackRock, or where the interests of an employee or the firm are inconsistent with those of a client or potential client, resulting in the risk of damage to the interests of BlackRock or one or more of its clients. A conflict may arise, for example, if an employee takes an action or has an interest that could appear to make it difficult for the employee to conduct the employee’s responsibilities to BlackRock and/or the client objectively and effectively, or if such employee or any person associated with the employee, including but not limited to members of the employee’s family or household, receives an improper personal benefit, such as money or a loan, as a result of the individual’s position at BlackRock. BlackRock has adopted policies, procedures, and controls designed to manage conflicts of interest, including the Global Conflicts of Interest Policy and the Global Outside Activity Policy. Employees are required to comply with these and other compliance related policies, procedures, and controls and to help mitigate potential conflicts of interest by adhering to the following standard of conduct:

 

·Act solely in the best interests of clients;

 

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·Uphold BlackRock’s high ethical and professional standards;
·Identify, report, and manage actual, apparent, or potential conflicts of interest; and
·Make full and fair disclosure of any conflicts of interests, as may be required.

 

Conflicts of interest may not always be clear-cut and it is not possible to describe every situation in which a conflict of interest may arise – any question with respect to whether a conflict of interest exists, together with any actual or potential conflict of interest, should be directed to managers and L&C.

 

4.Insider Trading and Personal Trading

 

Employees and directors who have access to confidential information about BlackRock, its clients, or issuers in which it invests client assets, are prohibited from using or sharing that information for security trading purposes or for any other purpose except in the proper conduct of our business. All non-public information about BlackRock or any of our clients or issuers should be considered "confidential information." Use of material, non-public information in connection with any investment decision or recommendation or to “tip” others who might make an investment decision on the basis of this information is unethical and illegal and could result in civil and/or criminal penalties. Under the Global Personal Trading Policy, BlackRock employees are required to pre-clear all transactions in securities (except for certain exempt securities). Please consult the Global Insider Trading Policy for additional information.

 

5.Gifts and Entertainment

 

Employees must act in the best interests of our clients and consider the reputation of BlackRock when receiving or providing any gift or entertainment. Employees are prohibited from offering, promising, giving or receiving, or authorizing others to offer, promise, give or receive anything of value, either directly or indirectly, to any party in order to improperly obtain or retain business, or to otherwise gain an improper business advantage.

 

In addition, strict laws (including criminal laws) govern the provision of gifts and entertainment, including meals, transportation, and lodging, to public officials. Employees are prohibited from providing gifts or anything of value to public officials or their employees or family members in connection with BlackRock's business for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or a business advantage. Please consult the Global Gifts and Entertainment Policy for additional information. Regional specific regulatory restrictions also apply.

 

6.Political Contributions

 

Employees are required to pre-clear political contributions in accordance with the U.S. Political Contributions Policy - Global.

 

7.Corporate Opportunities

 

Employees and directors:

 

·are prohibited from taking personal opportunities for themselves that are discovered through the use of corporate property, information, or position without the consent of L&C;
·are prohibited from using corporate property, information, or position for improper personal gain;
·may not compete with BlackRock either directly or indirectly; and
·owe a duty to BlackRock to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises.

 

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8.Competition and Fair Dealing

 

BlackRock seeks to outperform its competition fairly and honestly by seeking competitive advantage through superior performance; BlackRock does not engage in illegal or unethical business practices. BlackRock and its employees and directors should endeavor to respect the rights of, and deal fairly with, BlackRock’s clients, vendors, and competitors. Specifically, the following conduct is prohibited:

 

·misappropriating proprietary information;
·possessing trade secret information obtained without the owner’s consent;
·inducing disclosure of proprietary information or trade secret information by past or present employees of other companies; and
·taking unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation of material facts, or any other intentional unfair-dealing practice.

 

9.Confidentiality

 

BlackRock’s employees and directors have an obligation of confidentiality to BlackRock and its clients. Confidential information includes non-public information that might be of use to competitors or that might harm BlackRock or its clients, if disclosed, and non-public information that clients and other parties have entrusted to BlackRock. The obligation to preserve confidential information continues even after employment ends. This obligation does not limit employees from reporting possible violations of law or regulation to a regulator or from making disclosures under whistleblower provisions, as discussed in greater detail in the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and relevant confidentiality policies and agreements.

 

10.Reporting Any Illegal or Unethical Behavior

 

Every employee is required to report any illegal or unethical conduct about which they become aware, including those concerning accounting or auditing matters. Employees may report concerns to L&C by contacting a Managing Director in L&C directly or by contacting the Business Integrity Hotline, contact details for which are available via the intranet homepage. BlackRock will not retaliate or discriminate against any employee because of a good faith report. Employees have the right to report directly to a regulator and may do so anonymously; employees may provide protected disclosures under whistleblower laws and cooperate voluntarily with regulators, in each case without fear of retaliation by BlackRock. Please consult the Global Policy for Reporting Illegal or Unethical Conduct and local compliance manuals for additional detail.

 

11.Protection and Proper Use of BlackRock Assets

 

Employees and directors should make every effort to protect BlackRock’s assets and use them efficiently. This obligation extends to BlackRock’s proprietary information, including intellectual property such as trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and copyrights, as well as business, marketing and service plans, engineering and manufacturing ideas, systems, software programs, designs, databases, records, salary information, and any unpublished financial data and reports. Unauthorized use or distribution of proprietary information constitutes a violation of BlackRock policy and could result in civil and/or criminal penalties. Employees should refer to the Intellectual Property Policy and the Corporate Information Security and Acceptable Use of Technology Policy for additional information on the obligation to protect BlackRock’s property.

 

12.Bribery and Corruption

 

BlackRock employees and directors are prohibited from making payments or offering or giving anything of value, directly or indirectly, to public officials of any country, or to persons in the private sector, if the intent is to influence such persons to perform (or reward them for performing) a relevant function or activity improperly or to obtain or retain business or an advantage in the course of business conduct.

 

 

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Employees should refer to the Global Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy for additional information.

 

13.Equal Employment Opportunity and Harassment

 

The diversity of BlackRock’s employees is a tremendous asset. BlackRock is firmly committed to providing equal opportunity in all aspects of employment and will not tolerate any illegal discrimination or harassment of any kind. In particular, it is BlackRock’s policy to afford equal opportunity to all qualified applicants and existing employees without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy and gender identity/expression), sexual orientation, age, ancestry, physical or mental disability, marital status, political affiliation, citizenship status, genetic information, employment status, or protected veteran status or any other basis that would be in violation of any applicable ordinance or law. In addition, BlackRock will not tolerate harassment, bias, or other inappropriate conduct on the basis of any of the above protected categories. BlackRock’s Equal Employment Opportunity Policy and other employment policies are available in the Policy Library.

 

14.Recordkeeping

 

BlackRock requires honest and accurate recording and reporting of information in order to conduct its business and to make responsible business decisions. BlackRock, as a financial services provider and a public company, is subject to extensive regulations regarding maintenance and retention of books and records. BlackRock’s books, records, accounts, and financial statements must be maintained in reasonable detail, must appropriately reflect BlackRock’s transactions, and must conform both to applicable legal requirements and to BlackRock’s system of internal controls. Please consult the Global Records Management Policyand other record retention policies, available in the Policy Library, for additional information.

 

15.Waivers of the Code

 

Any waiver of this Code for an executive officer or director must be made only by BlackRock’s Board of Directors or a Board committee and must be promptly disclosed as required by law or stock exchange regulation.

 

 

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Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC

 

Code of Ethics

 

4/23/2021 to Current

 

Table of Contents

 

1 - Statement of General Policy 3
2 - Definitions 5
3 - Standards of Business Conduct 6
4 - Prohibition against Insider Trading 7
5 - Personal Securities Transactions 10
6 – Social Media 12
7 - Gifts and Entertainment 16
8 – Political Contributions 17
9 - Protecting the Confidentiality of Client Information 21
10 - Service as an Officer or Director 24
12 - Compliance Procedures 25
12 - Certification 28
13 - Records 29
14 - Reporting Violations and Sanctions 30
15 – Amendments 31

 2April 23, 2021

 

1- Statement of General Policy

 

This Code of Ethics (“Code”) has been adopted by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and is designed to comply with Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”).

 

This Code establishes rules of conduct for all employees of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and is designed to, among other things, govern personal securities trading activities in the accounts of employees, immediate family/household accounts and accounts in which an employee has a beneficial interest. The Code is based upon the principle that Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and its employees owe a fiduciary duty to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's clients to conduct their affairs, including their personal securities transactions, in such a manner as to avoid (i) serving their own personal interests ahead of clients, (ii) taking inappropriate advantage of their position with the firm and (iii) any actual or potential conflicts of interest or any abuse of their position of trust and responsibility.

 

The Code is designed to ensure that the high ethical standards long maintained by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC continue to be applied. The purpose of the Code is to preclude activities which may lead to or give the appearance of conflicts of interest, insider trading and other forms of prohibited or unethical business conduct. The excellent name and reputation of our firm continues to be a direct reflection of the conduct of each employee.

 

Pursuant to Section 206 of the Advisers Act, both Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and its employees are prohibited from engaging in fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative conduct. Compliance with this section involves more than acting with honesty and good faith alone. It means that Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has an affirmative duty of utmost good faith to act solely in the best interest of its clients.

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and its employees are subject to the following specific fiduciary obligations when dealing with clients:

 

·The duty to have a reasonable, independent basis for the investment advice provided;
·The duty to obtain best execution for a client’s transactions where the Firm is in a position to direct brokerage transactions for the client;
·The duty to ensure that investment advice is suitable to meeting the client’s individual objectives, needs and circumstances; and
·A duty to be loyal to clients.

 

In meeting its fiduciary responsibilities to its clients, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC expects every employee to demonstrate the highest standards of ethical conduct for continued employment with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC. Strict compliance with the provisions of the Code shall be considered a basic condition of employment with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's reputation for fair and honest dealing with its clients has taken considerable time to build. This standing could be seriously damaged as the result of even a single securities transaction being considered questionable in light of the fiduciary duty owed to our clients. Employees are urged to seek the advice of the Chief Compliance Officer, for any questions about the Code or the application of the Code to their individual circumstances. Employees should also understand that a material breach of the provisions of the Code may constitute grounds for disciplinary action, including termination of employment with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC.

 3April 23, 2021

 

The provisions of the Code are not all-inclusive. Rather, they are intended as a guide for employees of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC in their conduct. In those situations where an employee may be uncertain as to the intent or purpose of the Code, he/she is advised to consult with the Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to certain provisions contained in the Code only in those situations when it is clear beyond dispute that the interests of our clients will not be adversely affected or compromised. All questions arising in connection with personal securities trading should be resolved in favor of the client even at the expense of the interests of employees.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer will periodically report to senior management/board of directors of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC to document compliance with this Code.

 4April 23, 2021

 

2- Definitions

 

For the purposes of this Code, the following definitions shall apply:

 

·“Access person” means any supervised person who: has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients’ purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable fund our firm or, if applicable (both in this reference and throughout this document), its control affiliates manage or has access to such recommendations; or is involved in making securities recommendations to clients that are nonpublic.
·“Account” means accounts of any employee and includes accounts of the employee’s immediate family members (any relative by blood or marriage living in the employee’s household), and any account in which he or she has a direct or indirect beneficial interest, such as trusts and custodial accounts or other accounts in which the employee has a beneficial interest, controls or exercises investment discretion.
·“Beneficial ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a- 1(a) (2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of such Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
·“Fund” means an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act.
·“Reportable fund” means any registered investment company, i.e., mutual fund, for which our Firm, or a control affiliate, acts as investment adviser, as defined in section 2(a) (20) of the Investment Company Act, or principal underwriter.
·“Reportable security” means any security as defined in Section 202(a)(18) of the Advisers Act, except that it does not include: (i) Transactions and holdings in direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii) Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; (iii) Shares issued by money market funds; (iv) Transactions and holdings in shares of other types of open-end registered mutual funds, unless Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC or a control affiliate acts as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund; and (v) Transactions in units of a unit investment trust if the unit investment trust is invested exclusively in mutual funds, unless Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC or a control affiliate acts as the investment adviser or principal underwriter for the fund.
·“Supervised person” means directors, officers and partners of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions); employees of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC; and any other person who provides advice on behalf of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and is subject to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's supervision and control.
 5April 23, 2021

 

3- Standards of Business Conduct

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC places the highest priority on maintaining its reputation for integrity and professionalism. That reputation is a vital business asset. The confidence and trust placed in our firm and its employees by our clients is something we value and endeavor to protect. The following Standards of Business Conduct set forth policies and procedures to achieve these goals. This Code is intended to comply with the various provisions of the Advisers Act and also requires that all supervised persons comply with the various applicable provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

 

Section 204A of the Advisers Act requires the establishment and enforcement of policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, nonpublic information by investment advisers. Such policies and procedures are contained in this Code. The Code also contains policies and procedures with respect to personal securities transactions of all Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's supervised persons as defined herein. These procedures cover transactions in a reportable security in which a supervised person has a beneficial interest in or accounts over which the supervised person exercises control as well as transactions by members of the supervised person’s immediate family.

 

Section 206 of the Advisers Act makes it unlawful for Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC or its agents or employees to employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any client or prospective client, or to engage in fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative practices. This Code contains provisions that prohibit these and other enumerated activities and that are reasonably designed to detect and prevent violations of the Code, the Advisers Act and rules thereunder.

 6April 23, 2021

 

4- Prohibition Against Insider Trading

 

Introduction

 

Trading securities while in possession of material, nonpublic information, or improperly communicating that information to others may expose supervised persons and Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC to stringent penalties. Criminal sanctions may include a fine of up to $1,000,000 and/or ten years imprisonment. The SEC can recover the profits gained or losses avoided through the illegal trading, impose a penalty of up to three times the illicit windfall, and/or issue an order permanently barring you from the securities industry. Finally, supervised persons and Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC may be sued by investors seeking to recover damages for insider trading violations.

 

The rules contained in this Code apply to securities trading and information handling by supervised persons of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and their immediate family members.

 

The law of insider trading is unsettled and continuously developing. An individual legitimately may be uncertain about the application of the rules contained in this Code in a particular circumstance. Often, a single question can avoid disciplinary action or complex legal problems. You must notify the Chief Compliance Officer immediately if you have any reason to believe that a violation of this Code has occurred or is about to occur.

 

General Policy

 

No supervised person may trade, either personally or on behalf of others (such as investment funds and private accounts managed by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC), while in the possession of material, nonpublic information, nor may any personnel of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC communicate material, nonpublic information to others in violation of the law.

 

1. What is Material Information?

 

Information is material where there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his or her investment decisions. Generally, this includes any information the disclosure of which will have a substantial effect on the price of a company’s securities. No simple test exists to determine when information is material; assessments of materiality involve a highly fact-specific inquiry. For this reason, you should direct any questions about whether information is material to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

Material information often relates to a company’s results and operations, including, for example, dividend changes, earnings results, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, and extraordinary management developments.

 

Material information also may relate to the market for a company’s securities. Information about a significant order to purchase or sell securities may, in some contexts, be material. Prepublication information regarding reports in the financial press also may be material. For example, the United States Supreme Court upheld the criminal convictions of insider trading defendants who capitalized on prepublication information about The Wall Street Journal’s “Heard on the Street” column.

 7April 23, 2021

 

You should also be aware of the SEC’s position that the term “material nonpublic information” relates not only to issuers but also to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's securities recommendations and client securities holdings and transactions.

 

2. What is Nonpublic Information?

 

Information is “public” when it has been disseminated broadly to investors in the marketplace. For example, information is public after it has become available to the general public through the Internet, a public filing with the SEC or some other government agency, the Dow Jones “tape” or The Wall Street Journal or some other publication of general circulation, and after sufficient time has passed so that the information has been disseminated widely.

 

3. Identifying Inside Information

 

Before executing any trade for yourself or others, including investment funds or private accounts managed by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC (“Client Accounts”), you must determine whether you have access to material, nonpublic information. If you think that you might have access to material, nonpublic information, you should take the following steps:

 

·Report the information and proposed trade immediately to the Chief Compliance Officer.
·Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others, including investment funds or private accounts managed by the firm.
·Do not communicate the information inside or outside the firm, other than to the Chief Compliance Officer.
·After the Chief Compliance Officer has reviewed the issue, the firm will determine whether the information is material and nonpublic and, if so, what action the firm will take.

 

You should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer before taking any action. This high degree of caution will protect you, our clients, and the firm.

 

4. Contacts with Public Companies

 

Contacts with public companies may represent an important part of our research efforts. The firm may make investment decisions on the basis of conclusions formed through such contacts and analysis of publicly available information. Difficult legal issues arise, however, when, in the course of these contacts, a supervised person of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC or other person subject to this Code becomes aware of material, nonpublic information. This could happen, for example, if a company’s Chief Financial Officer prematurely discloses quarterly results to an analyst, or an investor relations representative makes selective disclosure of adverse news to a handful of investors. In such situations, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC must make a judgment as to its further conduct. To protect yourself, your clients and the firm, you should contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately if you believe that you may have received material, nonpublic information.

 8April 23, 2021

 

5. Tender Offers

 

Tender offers represent a particular concern in the law of insider trading for two reasons: First, tender offer activity often produces extraordinary gyrations in the price of the target company’s securities. Trading during this time period is more likely to attract regulatory attention (and produces a disproportionate percentage of insider trading cases). Second, the SEC has adopted a rule which expressly forbids trading and “tipping” while in the possession of material, nonpublic information regarding a tender offer received from the tender offeror, the target company or anyone acting on behalf of either. Supervised persons of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and others subject to this Code should exercise extreme caution any time they become aware of nonpublic information relating to a tender offer.

 

6. Restricted/Watch Lists

 

Although Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC does not typically receive confidential information from portfolio companies, it may, if it receives such information take appropriate procedures to establish restricted or watch lists in certain securities.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer may place certain securities on a “restricted list.” Supervised persons are prohibited from personally, or on behalf of an advisory account, purchasing or selling securities during any period they are listed. Securities issued by companies about which a number of supervised persons are expected to regularly have material, nonpublic information should generally be placed on the restricted list. The Chief Compliance Officer shall take steps to immediately inform all supervised persons of the securities listed on the restricted list.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer may place certain securities on a “watch list.” Securities issued by companies about which a limited number of supervised persons possess material, nonpublic information should generally be placed on the watch list. The list will be disclosed only to the Chief Compliance Officer and a limited number of other persons who are deemed necessary recipients of the list because of their roles in compliance.

 9April 23, 2021

 

5- Personal Securities Transactions

 

General Policy

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has adopted the following principles governing personal investment activities by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's supervised persons:

 

·The interests of client accounts will at all times be placed first;
·All personal securities transactions will be conducted in such manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual’s position of trust and responsibility; and
·Supervised persons must not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.

 

Pre-Clearance Required for Participation in IPOs

 

No supervised person shall acquire any beneficial ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering for his or her account, as defined herein without the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer who has been provided with full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the supervised person’s activities on behalf of a client) and, if approved, will be subject to continuous monitoring for possible future conflicts.

 

Private or Limited Offerings in Publicly Traded Companies

 

No supervised person shall acquire beneficial ownership of any securities in a limited offering or private placement that invests in publicly traded companies, or placements in companies that will invest in publicly traded companies, unless full discretion is given to the manager of such Private or Limited Offering. Supervised person(s) also represent that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the supervised person’s activities on behalf of a client.

 

Pre-Clearance Required for Trading in Securities owned in a Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC client account

 

No supervised person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly for their own account, any security which is also held in a Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC client account without the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer or the President who has been provided with full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the supervised person’s activities on behalf of a client) and, if approved, will be subject to continuous monitoring for possible future conflicts.

 

Pre-Clearance Required for Trading in US Exchanged Traded Securities with a Market Capitalization between $25 million and $4 billion

 

No supervised person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any security traded on a US Exchange with a market capitalization between $25 million and $4 billion without the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer or the President, who has been provided with full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of the supervised person’s activities on behalf of a client) and, if approved, will be subject to continuous monitoring for possible future conflicts.

 10April 23, 2021

 

Blackout Periods

 

No supervised person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any security in which Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has a pending buy or sell order for a client’s account until that order is executed or withdrawn.

 

Additionally, no supervised person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial interest within seven (7) calendar days after any client trades in that security unless all of the transactions contemplated by the client in that security have been completed prior to such transaction. If a securities transaction is executed by a client within seven (7) calendar days after an access person executed a transaction in the same security, the Chief Compliance Officer will review the supervised person’s and the client’s transactions to determine whether the supervised person did not meet his or her fiduciary duties to the client in violation of this Code.

 11April 23, 2021

 

6 - Social Media

 

General Policy

 

It is Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ policy to monitor employee use of social media, networking and similar communications. There should be no expectation of privacy in the use of the Firm's Internet, emails, any use of blogs, instant messages, company- owned cellular phones and text messages on company-owned equipment under this policy. Every message leaves an electronic trail that's both traceable to a specific individual and accessible by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners even if it is deleted. Blogging or other forms of social media or technology include but are not limited to: video or wiki postings, sites such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter, chat rooms, podcasts, virtual worlds, personal blogs, microblogs or other similar forms of online journals, diaries or personal newsletters.

 

General Provisions

 

Unless specific to job scope requirements, employees are not authorized to and therefore may not speak on behalf of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners through social media or otherwise. Employees may not publicly discuss clients, investment strategies or recommendations, investment performance, other products or services offered by our Firm, employees or any work-related matters, whether confidential or not, outside company-authorized communications. Employees are required to protect the privacy of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, its clients and employees, and are prohibited from disclosing personal employee and non-employee information and any other proprietary and nonpublic information to which employees have access. Such information includes but is not limited to customer information, trade secrets, financial information and strategic business plans.

 

Personal Blogs and Social Networking Sites. Bloggers and commenters are personally responsible for their commentary on blogs and social media sites. Bloggers and commenters can be held personally liable for commentary that is considered defamatory, obscene, proprietary or libelous by any offended party, not just Pacific Ridge Capital Partners.

 

It is Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ policy that no employee may use employer-owned equipment, including computers, company-licensed software or other electronic equipment, nor facilities or company time, to conduct unauthorized personal blogging or social networking activities. Employees cannot use blogs or social media sites to harass, threaten, discriminate or disparage against employees or anyone associated with or doing business with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners.

 12April 23, 2021

 

Employees cannot post on personal blogs or other sites the name, trademark or logo of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners or any business with a connection to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners. Employees cannot post company-privileged information, including copyrighted or trademarked information or company-issued documents.

 

Text Messaging Policy. As Pacific Ridge Capital Partners is unable to capture text communications, no Pacific Ridge Capital Partners business communications may be conducted via text messaging.

 

Internet Monitoring. Employees are cautioned that they should have no expectation of privacy while using company equipment or facilities for any purpose, including authorized blogging. Employees are cautioned that they should have no expectation of privacy while using the Internet. Your postings can be reviewed by anyone, including Pacific Ridge Capital Partners. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners reserves the right to monitor comments or discussions about the company, its employees, clients and the industry, including products and competitors, posted on the Internet by anyone, including employees and non-employees. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners may use blog- search tools and software, and/or may engage outside service providers to periodically monitor forums such as blogs and other types of personal journals, diaries, personal and business discussion forums, and social networking sites.

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ Social Media policy, however, will not be construed or applied to limit employees' rights under the under the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") or applicable law.

 

Background

 

Social media and/or methods of publishing opinions or commentary electronically is a fast growing phenomenon which takes many forms, including internet forums, blogs and microblogs, online profiles, wikis, podcasts, picture and video posts, going “live” on any social media platform, virtual worlds, email, instant messaging, text messaging, music and other file-sharing, to name just a few. Examples of social media applications include, among others, LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, Yelp, Yahoo groups, and ZoomInfo. The proliferation of such electronic communications presents new and ever changing regulatory risks for our firm.

 

As a registered investment adviser, use of social media by our Firm and/or related persons of the Firm must comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws, including, but not limited to the following laws and regulations under the Advisers Act, as well as additional rules and regulations identified below:

 13April 23, 2021

 

Anti-Fraud Provisions: Sections 206(1), 206(2), and 206(4), and Rule 206(4)-1 thereunder;

 

Advertising: Rule 206(4)-1

 

Compliance/Supervision: Rule 206(4)-7

 

Privacy: Regulation S-P

 

Recordkeeping: Rule 204(2)

 

For example, business or client related comments or posts made through social media may breach applicable privacy laws or be considered "Advertising" under applicable regulations triggering content restrictions and special disclosure and recordkeeping requirements. Employees should be aware that the use of social media for personal purposes may also have implications for our Firm, particularly where the employee is identified as an officer, employee or representative of the firm. Accordingly, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners seeks to adopt reasonable policies and procedures to safeguard the Firm and our clients.

 

Responsibility

 

The Chief Compliance Officer has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our firm's Social Media policy, practices, and recordkeeping.

 

Procedure

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners has adopted procedures to implement Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ policy, and conducts internal reviews to monitor and ensure that the policy is observed, implemented properly, and amended or updated, as appropriate. These include the following:

 

1.Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ email policy has been communicated to all persons within the Firm and any changes in our policy will be promptly communicated.
2.All employees are required to sign a written acknowledgement of our Social Media policy.
3.All employees will be required to provide annual certification that they understand and are complying with our Social Media policy.
4.Emails and any other electronic communications relating to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners advisory services and client relationships will be maintained on an on-going basis.
 14April 23, 2021

 

5.Electronic communications records will be maintained and arranged for easy access and retrieval so as to provide true and complete copies with appropriate backup and separate storage for the required periods.
6.The Chief Compliance Officer will periodically monitor a random sampling of employee electronic communications and maintain documentary evidence of such surveillance in an applicable location.
7.Pacific Ridge Capital Partners reserves the right to use content management tools to monitor, review or block content on company blogs that violate company blogging rules and guidelines.
8.Pacific Ridge Capital Partners requires employees to report any violation, or possible or perceived violation, to the Chief Compliance Officer. Violations include discussions of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, its clients and/or employees, any discussion of proprietary information (including trade secrets, or copyrighted or trademarked material) and any unlawful activity related to blogging or social networking.
9.Pacific Ridge Capital Partners investigates and responds to all reports of violations of the social media policy and other related policies. Violation of the company’s social media policy will result in disciplinary action up to and including immediate termination. Any disciplinary action or termination will be determined based on the nature and factors of any blog or social networking post, or any unauthorized communication. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners reserves the right to take legal action where necessary against employees who engage in prohibited or unlawful conduct. If you have any questions about this policy or a specific posting on the web, please contact the Chief Compliance Officer.
 15April 23, 2021

 

7- Gifts and Entertainment

 

Giving, receiving or soliciting gifts in a business setting may create an appearance of impropriety or may raise a potential conflict of interest. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has adopted the policies set forth below to guide supervised persons in this area.

 

General Policy

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's policy with respect to gifts and entertainment is as follows:

 

·Giving, receiving or soliciting gifts in a business may give rise to an appearance of impropriety or may raise a potential conflict of interest;
·Supervised persons should not accept or provide any gifts or favors that might influence the decisions you or the recipient must make in business transactions involving Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, or that others might reasonably believe would influence those decisions;
·Modest gifts and favors, which would not be regarded by others as improper, may be accepted or given on an occasional basis. Entertainment that satisfies these requirements and conforms to generally accepted business practices also is permissible;
·Where there is a law or rule that applies to the conduct of a particular business or the acceptance of gifts of even nominal value, the law or rule must be followed.

 

Reporting Requirements

 

·Any supervised person who accepts, directly or indirectly, anything of value from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, including gifts and gratuities with value in excess of $300 per year, must obtain consent from the Chief Compliance Officer before accepting such gift.
·Pacific Ridge Capital Partners does not allow employees to either give or receive cash or cash equivalents related to Pacific Ridge. Receiving cash or a cash equivalent from a third party related to Pacific Ridge is acceptable if it is to reimburse a normal and ordinary business expense which the employee advanced for a non-employee and that expense is reported to the company on an expense report. Likewise giving money to a non-employee related to Pacific Ridge is acceptable if it is to pay for an ordinary and normal business expense which is in turn reported to the company on an expense report.
·Pacific Ridge Capital Partners recognizes that entertainment varies widely based upon the situation, whether traveling or not, and if traveling the region visiting, the people in attendance, etc., and as such, does not place a specific dollar amount or value on entertainment deemed excessive. As such, employees are allowed to determine what is appropriate based on the circumstances of each specific situation. However, Pacific Ridge employees are expected to evaluate and recognize the appearance of excess when making the decision to provide or receive entertainment gifts and seek pre approval from the CCO when in doubt. For entertainment expenditures Pacific Ridge reserves the right to refuse reimbursement for any gifts or entertainment the company deems excessive.
 16April 23, 2021

 

·This reporting requirement does not apply to bona fide dining or bona fide entertainment if, during such dining or entertainment, you are accompanied by the person or representative of the entity that does business with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC.
·This gift reporting requirement is for the purpose of helping Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC monitor the activities of its employees. However, the reporting of a gift does not relieve any supervised person from the obligations and policies set forth in this Section or anywhere else in this Code. If you have any questions or concerns about the appropriateness of any gift, please consult the Chief Compliance Officer.
 17April 23, 2021

 

8- Political Contributions / Pay-to-Play

 

Policy

 

It is Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ policy to permit the firm, and its covered associates, to make political contributions to elected officials, candidates and others, consistent with this policy and regulatory requirements.

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners recognizes that it is never appropriate to make or solicit political contributions, or provide gifts or entertainment for the purpose of improperly influencing the actions of public officials. Accordingly, our firm's policy is to restrict certain political contributions made to government officials and candidates of state and state political subdivisions who can influence or have the authority for hiring an investment adviser.

 

SEC regulations limit political contributions to Covered Government Officials by employees of investment advisory firms and certain affiliated companies. The SEC’s “Pay-to-Play” Rule 206(4)-5 (the “Rule”) prohibits advisers from receiving any compensation for providing investment advice to a government entity within two years after a contribution has been made by the adviser or one of its covered associates. The two-year time out is triggered by a political contribution to an official of a government entity. The date of the contribution starts the time out.

 

The Rule permits contributions of up to $350 per person for any election to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is entitled to vote, and up to $150 per person for any election to an elected official or candidate for whom the individual is not entitled to vote. Many U.S. cities, states and other government entities have also adopted regulations restricting political contributions by associates of investment management firms seeking to provide services to a governmental entity. While contributions to candidates in federal elections would generally not raise any issues under state or local laws, contributions to state and local officials may not be approved depending on the circumstances.

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners’ employees must receive approval from the LCR Department through MCO before making personal political contributions at all levels. Political contributions which require pre- approval include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

·Covered Government Officials;

 

·Federal candidate campaigns and affiliated committees;

 

·Political Action Committees (PACs) and Super PACs; and

 

·Non-profit organizations that may engage in political activities, such as 501(c)(4) and 501(c)(6) organizations.

 

Note: U.S. national political party donations (e.g. Democratic or Republican) do not require pre- clearance.

 18April 23, 2021

 

Contributions include:

 

·Monetary contributions, gifts or loans;

 

·“In kind” contributions (e.g. donations of goods or services or underwriting or hosting fundraisers);

 

·Contributions to help pay a debt incurred in connection with an election (including transition or inaugural expenses, purchasing tickets to inaugural events);

 

·Contributions to joint fund-raising committees; or

 

·Contributions made by a PAC that is controlled by an Access Person.

 

Responsibility

 

Our firm's Chief Compliance Officer has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our firm's political contribution policy, practices, disclosures and recordkeeping.

 

Procedure

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners has adopted various procedures to implement the firm's policy, conducts reviews to monitor and ensure the firm's policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:

 

·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, determines who is deemed to be a "Covered Associate" of the firm and promptly advises those individuals of their status as such; maintains records including the names, titles, and business and residence addresses of all covered associates;
·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, obtains appropriate information from new employees (or employees promoted or otherwise transferred into positions) deemed to be covered associates, regarding any political contributions made within the preceding two years (from the date she/he becomes a covered associate) if such person will be soliciting municipal business; such review may include an online search of the individual's contribution history as part of the firm's general background check;
·political contributions made by covered associates must not exceed the rule's de minimis amount (currently $350, if an election that the person can vote in, or $150, if an election the person cannot vote in);
·prior to accepting a new advisory client that is a government entity, the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer will conduct a review of political contributions made by covered associates to ensure that any such contribution(s) did not exceed the rule's permissible de minimis amount (currently $350, if an election that the person can vote in, or $150, if an election the person cannot vote in);
·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, annually monitors and maintains records identifying all government entities to which Pacific Ridge Capital Partners provides advisory services, if any;
 19April 23, 2021

 

·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, monitors and maintains records detailing political contributions made by the firm and/or its covered associates;
·such records will be maintained in chronological order and will detail:

 

i.the name and title of the contributor;
ii.the name and title (including any city/county/state or other political subdivision) of each recipient of a contribution or payment;
iii.the amount and date of each contribution or payment; and
iv.whether any such contribution was the subject of the exception for certain returned contributions.

 

·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, will maintain appropriate records following the departure of a covered associate who made a political contribution triggering the two-year 'time out' period;
·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, maintains records reflecting approval of political contributions made by the firm and/or its covered associates;
·prior to engaging a third party solicitor to solicit advisory business from a government entity, the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, will determine that such solicitor is (1) a "regulated person" as defined under this Rule and (2) determined that such individual has not made certain political contributions or otherwise engaged in conduct that would disqualify the solicitor from meeting the definition of "regulated person";
·at least annually, the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, will require covered associates and any third party solicitors to confirm that such person(s) have reported any and all political contributions, and continue to meet the definition of "regulated person";
·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, maintains records of each regulated person to whom the firm provides or agrees to provide (either directly or indirectly) payment to solicit a government entity for advisory services on its behalf; and
·the Compliance Officer, or other designated officer, will monitor states' registration and/or reporting requirements pursuant to the firm's use of any 'placement agents' (including employees of the firm and/or its affiliates) for the solicitation of or arrangements for providing advisory services to any government entity or public pension plan.
 20April 23, 2021

 

9- Protecting the Confidentiality of Client Information

 

Confidential Client Information

 

In the course of investment advisory activities of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, the firm gains access to non-public information about its clients. Such information may include a person's status as a client, personal financial and account information, the allocation of assets in a client portfolio, the composition of investments in any client portfolio, information relating to services performed for or transactions entered into on behalf of clients, advice provided by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC to clients, and data or analyses derived from such non-public personal information (collectively referred to as 'Confidential Client Information'). All Confidential Client Information, whether relating to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's current or former clients, is subject to the Code's policies and procedures. Any doubts about the confidentiality of information must be resolved in favor of confidentiality.

 

Non-Disclosure of Confidential Client Information

 

All information regarding Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's clients is confidential. Information may only be disclosed when the disclosure is consistent with the firm's policy and the client's direction. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC does not share Confidential Client Information with any third parties, except in the following circumstances:

 

·As necessary to provide service that the client requested or authorized, or to maintain and service the client's account. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC will require that any financial intermediary, agent or other service provider utilized by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC (such as broker-dealers or sub-advisers) comply with substantially similar standards for non-disclosure and protection of Confidential Client Information and use the information provided by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC only for the performance of the specific service requested by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC;
·As required by regulatory authorities or law enforcement officials who have jurisdiction over Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, or as otherwise required by any applicable law. In the event Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC is compelled to disclose Confidential Client Information, the firm shall provide prompt notice to the clients affected, so that the clients may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy. If no protective order or other appropriate remedy is obtained, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC shall disclose only such information, and only in such detail, as is legally required;
·To the extent reasonably necessary to prevent fraud, unauthorized transactions or liability.

 

Employee Responsibilities

 

All supervised persons are prohibited, either during or after the termination of their employment with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, from disclosing Confidential Client Information to any person or entity outside the firm, including family members, except under the circumstances described above. A supervised person is permitted to disclose Confidential Client Information only to such other supervised persons who need to have access to such information to deliver the Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's services to the client.

 21April 23, 2021

 

Supervised persons are also prohibited from making unauthorized copies of any documents or files containing Confidential Client Information and, upon termination of their employment with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC, must return all such documents to Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC.

 

Any supervised person who violates the non-disclosure policy described above will be subject to disciplinary action, including possible termination, whether or not he or she benefited from the disclosed information.

 

Security of Confidential Personal Information

 

Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC enforces the following policies and procedures to protect the security of Confidential Client Information:

 

·The Firm restricts access to Confidential Client Information to those supervised persons who need to know such information to provide Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's services to clients;
·Any supervised person who is authorized to have access to Confidential Client Information in connection with the performance of such person's duties and responsibilities is required to keep such information in a secure compartment, file or receptacle on a daily basis as of the close of each business day;
·All electronic or computer files containing any Confidential Client Information shall be password secured and firewall protected from access by unauthorized persons;
·Any conversations involving Confidential Client Information, if appropriate at all, must be conducted by supervised persons in private, and care must be taken to avoid any unauthorized persons overhearing or intercepting such conversations.

 

Privacy Policy

 

As a registered investment adviser, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC and all supervised persons, must comply with SEC Regulation S-P, which requires investment advisers to adopt policies and procedures to protect the 'nonpublic personal information' of natural person clients. 'Nonpublic information,' under Regulation S-P, includes personally identifiable financial information and any list, description, or grouping that is derived from personally identifiable financial information. Personally identifiable financial information is defined to include information supplied by individual clients, information resulting from transactions, any information obtained in providing products or services. Pursuant to Regulation S-P Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has adopted policies and procedures to safeguard the information of natural person clients.

 

Enforcement and Review of Confidentiality and Privacy Policies

 

The Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for reviewing, maintaining and enforcing Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's confidentiality and privacy policies and is also responsible for conducting appropriate employee training to ensure adherence to these policies. Any exceptions to this policy requires the written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer.

 22April 23, 2021

 

Whistleblower Rule

 

Under Rule 21F-17 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, also known as the whistleblower rule, “no person may take any action to impede an individual from communicating directly with the Commission staff about a possible securities law violation, including enforcing, or threatening to enforce, a confidentiality agreement . . . with respect to such communications.” Based on the adopting release for the Rule, an investment advisor’s employment agreement with a confidentiality provision could potentially be deemed to impede employees from communicating potential securities violations to the SEC. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners encourages all employees to immediately report potential violations to the Chief Operating Officer. Such reports need not be in person, but may be reported anonymously. Pacific Ridge Capital Partners values the open communication necessary to handle possible violations and encourages employees to immediately report any possible violations preventing Pacific Ridge Capital Partners from maintaining compliance with securities laws.

 

As such, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners recognizes that a confidentiality provision in an employment agreement in no way prevents current or former employees from voluntarily discussing potential securities violations with the SEC of from receiving a Whistleblower reward. In the event that a possible violation is reported to the CCO, employees still have a 120 day during which they can report to the SEC and remain eligible to receive a whistleblower reward.

 23April 23, 2021

 

10- Service as an Officer or Director

 

No supervised person shall serve as an officer or on the board of directors of any publicly or privately traded company without prior authorization by the Chief Compliance Officer or a designated supervisory person based upon a determination that any such board service or officer position would be consistent with the interest of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's clients. Where board service or an officer position is approved, Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC shall implement a “Chinese Wall” or other appropriate procedure, to isolate such person from making decisions relating to the company’s securities.

 24April 23, 2021

 

11- Compliance Procedures

 

Pre-clearance

 

A supervised person may, directly or indirectly, acquire or dispose of beneficial ownership of a reportable security only if: (i) such purchase or sale has been approved by a supervisory person designated by Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC firm; (ii) the approved transaction is completed by the close of business on the second trading day after approval is received; and (iii) the designated supervisory person has not rescinded such approval prior to execution of the transaction. Post-approval is not permitted.

 

Clearance must be obtained by completing and submitting the electronic Pre-clearance Form provided for that purpose by the Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer monitors all transactions by all access persons in order to ascertain any pattern of conduct which may evidence conflicts or potential conflicts with the principles and objectives of this Code, including a pattern of front running.

 

Advance trade clearance in no way waives or absolves any supervised person of the obligation to abide by the provisions, principles and objectives of this Code.

 

Reporting Requirements

 

Every supervised person shall provide initial and annual holdings reports and quarterly transaction reports to the Chief Compliance Officer which must contain the information described below. It is the policy of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC that each supervised person must arrange for their brokerage firm(s) to send automatic duplicate brokerage account statements to the Chief Compliance Officer.

 

1. Initial Holdings Report

 

Every supervised person shall, no later than ten (10) days after the person becomes a supervised person, file an initial holdings report containing the following information:

 

·The title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, type of security, number of shares and principal amount (if applicable) of each reportable security in which the supervised person had any direct or indirect beneficial interest ownership when the person becomes a supervised person;
·The name of any broker, dealer or bank, account name, number and location with whom the supervised person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the supervised person; and
·The date that the report is submitted by the supervised person.

 

The information submitted must be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the person became a supervised person.

 25April 23, 2021

 

2. Annual Holdings Report

 

Every supervised person shall, no later than January 30 each year, file an annual holdings report containing the same information required in the initial holdings report as described above. The information submitted must be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the annual report is submitted.

 

3. Quarterly Transaction Reports

 

Every supervised person must, no later than thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter, file a quarterly transaction report containing the following information:

 

With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a reportable security in which the supervised persons had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership:

 

·The date of the transaction, the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount (if applicable) of each covered security;
·The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
·The price of the reportable security at which the transaction was effected;
·The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and
·The date the report is submitted by the supervised person.

 

4. Exempt Transactions

 

A supervised person need not submit a report with respect to:

 

·Transactions effected for, securities held in, any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control;
·Transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan, e.g. a dividend retirement plan;
·A quarterly transaction report if the report would duplicate information contained in securities transaction confirmations or brokerage account statements that Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC holds in its records so long as the firm receives the confirmations or statements no later than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter;
·Any transaction or holding report if Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC has only one supervised person, so long as the firm maintains records of the information otherwise required to be reported.

 

5. Monitoring and Review of Personal Securities Transactions

 

The Chief Compliance Officer, or a designee, will monitor and review all reports required under the Code for compliance with Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's policies regarding personal securities transactions and applicable SEC rules and regulations. The Chief Compliance Officer may also initiate inquiries of supervised persons regarding personal securities trading. Supervised persons are required to cooperate with such inquiries and any monitoring or review procedures employed Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC. Any transactions for any accounts of the Chief Compliance Officer will be reviewed and approved by the President, or other designated supervisory person. The Chief Compliance Officer shall at least annually identify all supervised persons who are required to file reports pursuant to the Code and will inform such supervised persons of their reporting obligations.

 26April 23, 2021

 

12- Certification

 

Initial Certification

 

All supervised persons will be provided with a copy of the Code and must initially certify in writing to the Chief Compliance Officer that they have: (i) received a copy of the Code; (ii) read and understand all provisions of the Code; (iii) agreed to abide by the Code; and (iv) reported all account holdings as required by the Code.

 

Acknowledgement of Amendments

 

All supervised persons shall receive any amendments to the Code and must certify to the Chief Compliance Officer in writing that they have: (i) received a copy of the amendment; (ii) read and understood the amendment; (iii) and agreed to abide by the Code as amended.

 

Annual Certification

 

All supervised persons must annually certify in writing to the Chief Compliance Officer that they have: (i) read and understood all provisions of the Code; (ii) complied with all requirements of the Code; and (iii) submitted all holdings and transaction reports as required by the Code.

 

Further Information

 

Supervised persons should contact the Chief Compliance Officer regarding any inquiries pertaining to the Code or the policies established herein.

 27April 23, 2021

 

13- Records

 

The Chief Compliance Officer shall maintain and cause to be maintained in a readily accessible place the following records:

 

·A copy of any Code of Ethics adopted by the Firm pursuant to Advisers Act Rule 204A-1 which is or has been in effect during the past five years;
·A record of any violation of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC's Code and any action that was taken as a result of such violation for a period of five years from the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred;
·A record of all written acknowledgements of receipt of the Code and amendments thereto for each person who is currently, or within the past five years was, a supervised person which shall be retained for five years after the individual ceases to be a supervised person of Pacific Ridge Capital Partners, LLC;
·A copy of each report made pursuant to Advisers Act Rule 204A-1, including any brokerage confirmations and account statements made in lieu of these reports;
·A list of all persons who are, or within the preceding five years have been, access persons;
·A record of any decision and reasons supporting such decision to approve a supervised persons' acquisition of securities in IPOs and limited offerings within the past five years after the end of the fiscal year in which such approval is granted.
 28April 23, 2021

 

14- Reporting Violations and Sanctions

 

All supervised persons shall promptly report to the Chief Compliance Officer or an alternate designee all apparent violations of the Code. Any retaliation for the reporting of a violation under this Code will constitute a violation of the Code.

 

The Chief Compliance Officer shall promptly report to senior management all apparent material violations of the Code. When the Chief Compliance Officer finds that a violation otherwise reportable to senior management could not be reasonably found to have resulted in a fraud, deceit, or a manipulative practice in violation of Section 206 of the Advisers Act, he or she may, in his or her discretion, submit a written memorandum of such finding and the reasons therefore to a reporting file created for this purpose in lieu of reporting the matter to senior management.

 

Senior management shall consider reports made to it hereunder and shall determine whether or not the Code has been violated and what sanctions, if any, should be imposed. Possible sanctions may include reprimands, monetary fine or assessment, or suspension or termination of the employee’s employment with the firm.

 29April 23, 2021

 

15 - Amendments

 

Date of Amendment: April 23, 2021

Changed Pre-Clearance Required for Trading in US Exchanged Traded Securities to Market Capitalizations between $25 million and $4 billion up from $2 billion

 

Date of Amendment: April 30, 2019

Updated Social Media Policy

 

Date of Amendment: December 19, 2017

Updated Gifts & Entertainment/Pay-to-Play Policy

 

Date of Amendment: December 15, 2016

Updated Gift & Entertainment policy and added new Whistleblower Policy

 

Date of Amendment: December 17, 2015

Updated text messaging guidelines and replaced Political Contributions section with updated version

 

Date of Amendment: February 2, 2015

Add additional Blackout language re pending firm orders as recommended by the ICI, add definition of Covered Associate and other minor edits.

 

Date of Amendment: April 29, 2014

Fine-tuned which securities transactions need pre-clearance

 

Date of Amendment: June 29, 2012

Added selections on Political Contributions and Social Media.

Substantially revised section on Personal Trading.

 30April 23, 2021

 



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