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Form 10-Q SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIE For: Mar 31

May 10, 2018 3:09 PM EDT


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC  20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
 
OR
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission File Number 1-15319
 
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Maryland
 
04-3445278
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or
Organization)
 
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
 
Two Newton Place, 255 Washington Street, Suite 300, Newton, MA 02458-1634
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
 
617-796-8350
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer ☒
 
Accelerated filer ☐
 
 
 
Non—accelerated filer ☐
 
Smaller reporting company ☐
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company ☐
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒
 
Number of registrant’s common shares outstanding as of May 9, 2018: 237,628,781




SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
FORM 10-Q
 
March 31, 2018
 
INDEX
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the Company, we, us or our include Senior Housing Properties Trust and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise expressly stated or the context indicates otherwise.




PART I.  Financial Information
 
Item 1.  Financial Statements.
 
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
 
 
 
March 31,
 
December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
ASSETS
 
 

 
 

Real estate properties:
 
 

 
 

Land
 
$
848,261

 
$
824,879

Buildings and improvements
 
7,110,013

 
6,999,884

 
 
7,958,274

 
7,824,763

Accumulated depreciation
 
(1,505,427
)
 
(1,454,477
)
 
 
6,452,847

 
6,370,286

 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
39,161

 
31,238

Restricted cash
 
14,080

 
16,083

Acquired real estate leases and other intangible assets, net
 
490,505

 
472,265

Other assets, net
 
387,471

 
404,147

Total assets
 
$
7,384,064

 
$
7,294,019

 
 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 

 
 

Unsecured revolving credit facility
 
$
55,000

 
$
596,000

Unsecured term loans, net
 
547,666

 
547,460

Senior unsecured notes, net
 
2,213,811

 
1,725,662

Secured debt and capital leases, net
 
828,318

 
805,404

Accrued interest
 
35,075

 
17,987

Assumed real estate lease obligations, net
 
93,543

 
96,018

Other liabilities
 
194,534

 
228,300

Total liabilities
 
3,967,947

 
4,016,831

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
Equity:
 
 

 
 

Equity attributable to common shareholders:
 
 
 
 
Common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized, 237,628,781 and 237,630,409 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively
 
2,376

 
2,376

Additional paid in capital
 
4,609,274

 
4,609,316

Cumulative net income
 
2,089,090

 
1,766,495

Cumulative other comprehensive income
 
565

 
87,231

Cumulative distributions
 
(3,453,142
)
 
(3,360,468
)
Total equity attributable to common shareholders
 
3,248,163

 
3,104,950

Noncontrolling interest:
 
 
 
 
Total equity attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
167,954

 
172,238

Total equity
 
3,416,117

 
3,277,188

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
7,384,064

 
$
7,294,019

 See accompanying notes.

1


SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 

 
 

Rental income
 
$
173,728

 
$
166,443

Residents fees and services
 
102,087

 
98,118

Total revenues
 
275,815

 
264,561

 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 

 
 

Property operating expenses
 
108,143

 
101,057

Depreciation and amortization
 
70,339

 
73,175

General and administrative
 
25,118

 
15,083

Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 
20

 
292

Total expenses
 
203,620

 
189,607

 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
72,195

 
74,954

 
 
 
 
 
Dividend income
 
659

 
659

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 
27,241

 

Interest and other income
 
54

 
120

Interest expense
 
(43,552
)
 
(43,488
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
(130
)
 

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and equity in earnings of an investee
 
56,467

 
32,245

Income tax expense
 
(260
)
 
(92
)
Equity in earnings of an investee
 
44

 
128

Income before gain on sale of properties
 
56,251

 
32,281

Gain on sale of properties
 
181,154

 

Net income
 
237,405

 
32,281

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
(1,383
)
 
(126
)
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
236,022

 
$
32,155

 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income:
 
 

 
 

Unrealized gain on investments in available for sale securities
 

 
24,045

Equity in unrealized (loss) gain of an investee
 
(93
)
 
122

Other comprehensive (loss) income
 
(93
)
 
24,167

Comprehensive income
 
237,312

 
56,448

Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
(1,383
)
 
(126
)
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
235,929

 
$
56,322

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)
 
237,478

 
237,391

Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)
 
237,493

 
237,416

 
 
 
 
 
Per common share amounts (basic and diluted):
 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
0.99

 
$
0.14

 
See accompanying notes.

2


SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Net income
 
$
237,405

 
$
32,281

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
70,339

 
73,175

Amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discounts and premiums
 
1,411

 
1,459

Straight line rental income
 
(2,993
)
 
(3,429
)
Amortization of acquired real estate leases and other intangible assets
 
(1,381
)
 
(1,291
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
130

 

Gain on sale of properties
 
(181,154
)
 

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 
(27,241
)
 

Other non-cash adjustments
 
(943
)
 
(943
)
Equity in earnings of an investee
 
(44
)
 
(128
)
Change in assets and liabilities:
 
 

 
 

Other assets
 
3,097

 
3,901

Accrued interest
 
17,088

 
15,051

Other liabilities
 
(31,680
)
 
(6,001
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
84,034

 
114,075

 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 

 
 

Real estate acquisitions and deposits
 
(122,221
)
 
(14,326
)
Real estate improvements
 
(13,443
)
 
(30,171
)
Proceeds from sale of properties
 
216,013

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
80,349

 
(44,497
)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 

 
 

Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes, net
 
491,560

 

Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit facility
 
316,000

 
94,000

Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit facility
 
(857,000
)
 
(324,000
)
Repayment of other debt
 
(6,166
)
 
(2,929
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt settled in cash
 
(130
)
 

Payment of debt issuance costs
 
(4,296
)
 

Repurchase of common shares
 
(90
)
 

Proceeds from noncontrolling interest, net
 

 
255,813

Distributions to noncontrolling interest
 
(5,667
)
 

Distributions to shareholders
 
(92,674
)
 
(92,642
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(158,463
)
 
(69,758
)
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
5,920

 
(180
)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
 
47,321

 
35,578

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
 
$
53,241

 
$
35,398

 
 
 
 
 

See accompanying notes.
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(amounts in thousands)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Supplemental cash flows information:
 
 
 
 
Interest paid
 
25,053

 
26,978

 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions funded by assumed debt
 
(27,798
)
 

 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Assumption of mortgage notes payable
 
27,798

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash:
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the amount shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:
 
 
As of March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Cash and cash equivalents

 
$
39,161

 
$
32,272

Restricted cash
 
14,080

 
3,126

Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows
 
$
53,241

 
$
35,398


See accompanying notes.



3

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

 
Note 1.  Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Senior Housing Properties Trust and its subsidiaries, or we, us, or our, are unaudited. Certain information and disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted. We believe the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. However, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, or our Annual Report.  
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim period have been included. All intercompany transactions and balances with or among our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates in our condensed consolidated financial statements include purchase price allocations, useful lives of fixed assets and impairment of real estate and intangible assets.
In March 2017, we entered a joint venture with a sovereign investor for one of our properties leased to medical providers, medical related business, clinics and biotech laboratory tenants, or MOBs (two buildings), located in Boston, Massachusetts. We have determined that this joint venture is a variable interest entity, or VIE, as defined under the Consolidation Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification. We concluded that we must consolidate this VIE because we have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and we have the obligation to absorb losses of, and the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could be significant to the VIE, and therefore are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The assets of this VIE were $1,091,281 and $1,102,986 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and consist primarily of the net real estate owned by the joint venture. The liabilities of this VIE were $718,559 and $720,678 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and consist primarily of the debt securing the property. The sovereign investor's interest in this consolidated entity is reflected as noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 6 for further information about this joint venture.
Note 2.  Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, No. 2014-09 (and related clarifying guidance issued by the FASB), Revenue From Contracts With Customers, which outlines a comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. ASU No. 2014-09 states that “an entity recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” While ASU No. 2014-09 specifically references contracts with customers, it may apply to certain other transactions such as the sale of real estate or equipment. A substantial portion of our revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements, including leases with residents at properties leased to our taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, which is specifically excluded from ASU No. 2014-09. We have adopted ASU No. 2014-09 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the amount or timing of our revenue recognition in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which changes how entities measure certain equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under the fair value option that are attributable to their own credit. The implementation of ASU No. 2016-01 resulted in the reclassification of historical changes in the fair value of our available for sale equity securities of $86,572 from cumulative other comprehensive income to cumulative net income. Effective January 1, 2018, changes in the fair value of our equity securities are recorded through earnings in accordance with ASU No. 2016-01.
On January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires companies to show the changes in the total of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-18 also requires a reconciliation of the totals in the statement of cash flows to the related captions in the balance sheet. As a result, amounts included in restricted cash in our condensed consolidated balance sheets are presented with cash and

4

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

cash equivalents in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to the related captions in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash totaled $14,080 and $3,126 as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The implementation of ASU No. 2016-18 resulted in a $703 decrease to net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-18 did not change our balance sheet presentation.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). ASU No. 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the potential impact the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires that entities use a new forward looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for credit losses. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently assessing the potential impact the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will have in our consolidated financial statements. We currently expect to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach.
Note 3.  Real Estate Properties
At March 31, 2018, we owned 444 properties (470 buildings) located in 42 states and Washington, D.C., including two senior living communities classified as held for sale with a net carrying value of $18,479 as of March 31, 2018.
Acquisitions:
We have accounted for our 2018 acquisitions as acquisitions of assets unless otherwise noted. We funded our 2018 acquisitions using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, unless otherwise noted.
Senior Living Community Acquisitions:
In November 2017, we entered a transaction agreement with Five Star Senior Living Inc., or Five Star, pursuant to which we agreed to acquire six senior living communities from Five Star. In December 2017, we acquired two of these senior living communities located in Alabama and Indiana with a combined 229 living units for $39,457, including closing costs of $307. In January 2018, we acquired one of these senior living communities located in Tennessee with 88 living units for $19,868, including closing costs of $201. In February 2018, we acquired one of these senior living communities located in Arizona with 127 living units for $22,622, including our assumption of an approximately $16,748 mortgage note and closing costs of $372. In connection with our acquisition of these senior living communities, we entered management and pooling agreements with Five Star for Five Star to manage these senior living communities for us. The closings of the acquisitions of the remaining two senior living communities for an aggregate purchase price of $23,300, including the assumption of approximately $16,800 of mortgage notes, are expected to occur by the end of the second quarter of 2018 as third party approvals are received and we expect to enter management and pooling agreements with Five Star concurrent with those acquisitions. These acquisitions are subject to conditions; these conditions may not be met and the remaining acquisitions may not be completed, may be delayed or the terms of these acquisitions or the management and pooling agreements for these communities may change. See Note 9 for further information regarding these transactions and transaction agreement.

5

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

The table below represents the purchase price allocations (including net closing adjustments) of the senior living community acquisitions that closed during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as described above:
Date
 
Location
 
Leased/Managed
 
Number of Properties
 
Units
 
Cash Paid Plus Assumed Debt (1)
 
Land
 
Building and Improvements
 
FF&E
 
Acquired Real Estate Intangible Assets 
 
Assumed Debt
 
Premium on Assumed Debt
January 2018
 
Tennessee
 
Managed
 
1
 
88

 
$
19,868

 
$
580

 
$
14,884

 
$
1,209

 
$
3,195

 
$

 
$

February 2018
 
Arizona
 
Managed
 
1
 
127

 
22,622

 
2,017

 
17,123

 
390

 
4,451

 
16,748

 
(1,359
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
 
215

 
$
42,490

 
$
2,597

 
$
32,007

 
$
1,599

 
$
7,646

 
$
16,748

 
$
(1,359
)
(1)
Cash paid plus assumed debt, if any, includes closing costs.
MOBs:
In January 2018, we acquired three MOBs (three buildings) located in Kansas, Missouri and California with a total of approximately 400,000 square feet for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $91,698, including closing costs of $544.
In March 2018, we acquired one MOB (one building) located in Virginia with approximately 135,000 square feet for a purchase price of approximately $23,275, including the assumption of a $11,050 mortgage note and closing costs of $525.
The table below represents the purchase price allocations (including net closing adjustments) of the MOB acquisitions that closed during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as described above:
Date
 
Location
 
Number of Properties
 
Number of Buildings
 
Square Feet  (000’s)
 
Cash Paid Plus Assumed Debt (1)
 
Land
 
Building and Improvements
 
Acquired Real Estate Leases (2)
 
Assumed Debt
January 2018
 
3 States
 
3
 
3
 
400

 
$
91,698

 
$
16,873

 
$
54,605

 
$
20,220

 
$

March 2018
 
Virginia
 
1
 
1
 
135

 
23,275

 
2,863

 
11,105

 
9,307

 
11,050

 
 
 
 
4
 
4
 
535

 
$
114,973

 
$
19,736

 
$
65,710

 
$
29,527

 
$
11,050

(1)
Cash paid plus assumed debt, if any, includes closing costs.
(2)
The weighted average amortization period for acquired real estate leases as of the acquisition dates was 5.8 years.
Impairment:
We periodically evaluate our assets for impairments. Impairment indicators may include declining tenant or resident occupancy, weak or declining profitability from the property, decreasing tenant cash flows or liquidity, our decision to dispose of an asset before the end of its estimated useful life, and legislative, market or industry changes that could permanently reduce the value of an asset. If indicators of impairment are present, we evaluate the carrying value of the affected asset by comparing it to the expected future undiscounted net cash flows to be generated from that asset. If the sum of these expected future net cash flows is less than the carrying value, we reduce the net carrying value of the asset to its estimated fair value. We did not record any impairment charges for our real estate properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Pacifica Senior Living, LLC:
We lease eight senior living communities to affiliates of Pacifica Senior Living, LLC, or Pacifica, a privately owned company, with lease terms continuing until 2023. The rent payable to us under these leases is scheduled to increase at agreed upon times during the lease terms. A large majority of the tenants’ revenues at these senior living communities is derived from private resources. An affiliate of Pacifica has provided limited guarantees of these leases and the obligations under these leases are secured by deposits totaling approximately $3,277. On January 31, 2018, the tenant of one of these senior living communities notified us that it will not pay the rent due for the applicable community. The annual rent we received in 2017 for

6

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

this community was approximately $2,049, including $105 of straight line rent adjustments. We held a security deposit of $583 for the rent due for this community and the limited guarantee for this community is equal to one year’s rent at this community. We used $528 of the security deposit to cover the rent and other amounts due for the three months ended March 31, 2018. We are currently in negotiations to transfer the operations of this community to another operator and are enforcing our rights under the applicable lease and guaranty.
Dispositions:
In March 2018, we sold two senior living communities that were leased to Sunrise Senior Living LLC, or Sunrise, for an aggregate sales price of $217,000, excluding closing costs, resulting in a gain of $181,154. We have agreed to sell an additional senior living community leased to Sunrise for a sales price of $96,000 and we expect the closing of this sale to occur before the end of the second quarter of 2018. We recognized rental income of $2,776 during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to these three senior living communities.
In March, 2018, we agreed to sell one skilled nursing facility, or SNF, a type of senior living community, that is leased to Five Star for a sales price of approximately $6,500, excluding closing costs. We expect the closing of the sale of this SNF to occur before the end of 2018. Rental income will be reduced in accordance with our lease with Five Star upon the sale of this SNF.
The two senior living communities that we have agreed to sell were classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2018 and had a net carrying value of $18,479 as of March 31, 2018. These pending sales are subject to conditions; accordingly, we cannot be sure that we will complete these sales or that these sales will not be delayed or their terms will not change.
Note 4.  Indebtedness
Our principal debt obligations at March 31, 2018 were: (1) outstanding borrowings under our $1,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility; (2) seven public issuances of senior unsecured notes, including: (a) $400,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 3.25% due 2019, (b) $200,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.75% due 2020, (c) $300,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.75% due 2021, (d) $250,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 4.75% due 2024, (e) $500,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 4.75% due 2028, (f) $350,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 5.625% due 2042 and (g) $250,000 principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.25% due 2046; (3) our $350,000 principal amount unsecured term loan due 2020; (4) our $200,000 principal amount unsecured term loan due 2022; and (5) $818,457 aggregate principal amount of mortgages (excluding premiums, discounts and net debt issuance costs) secured by 24 of our properties (25 buildings) with maturity dates between 2018 and 2043. The 24 mortgaged properties (25 buildings) had a carrying value (before accumulated depreciation) of $1,245,304 at March 31, 2018.  We also had two properties subject to capital leases with lease obligations totaling $10,484 at March 31, 2018; these two properties had a carrying value (before accumulated depreciation) of $36,238 at March 31, 2018, and the capital leases expire in 2026.
In February 2018, we issued $500,000 of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due 2028, raising net proceeds of approximately $487,264 after underwriting discounts and expenses. We used the net proceeds of this offering to reduce amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility.
We have a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility that is available for general business purposes, including acquisitions. The maturity date of our revolving credit facility is January 15, 2022, and, subject to the payment of an extension fee and meeting other conditions, we have the option to extend the maturity date of the facility for an additional year. Our revolving credit facility provides that we can borrow, repay and re-borrow funds available under our revolving credit facility until maturity, and no principal repayment is due until maturity. Our revolving credit facility requires annual interest to be paid on borrowings at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 120 basis points, plus a facility fee of 25 basis points per annum on the total amount of lending commitments under the facility. The interest rate premium and facility fee are each subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. As of March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate payable on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 2.9%. The weighted average annual interest rates for borrowings under our revolving credit facility were 2.7% and 2.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, we had $55,000 outstanding and $945,000 available for borrowing, and as of May 9, 2018, we had $35,000 outstanding and $965,000 available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. We incurred interest expense and other associated costs related to our revolving credit facility of $4,077 and $2,830 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The facility also

7

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

includes a feature pursuant to which in certain circumstances maximum borrowings under the facility may be increased to up to $2,000,000.
Our $350,000 term loan matures in January 2020, and is prepayable without penalty at any time. This term loan requires annual interest to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 140 basis points, subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. At March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate payable on amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.1%. The weighted average annual interest rate for amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.1% and 2.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We incurred interest expense and other associated costs related to this term loan of $2,766 and $2,043 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. This term loan includes an accordion feature under which maximum borrowings may be increased to up to $700,000 in certain circumstances.
Our $200,000 term loan matures in September 2022, and is prepayable without penalty at any time. This term loan requires annual interest to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium of 135 basis points, subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. At March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate payable on amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.2%. The weighted average annual interest rate for amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.0% and 2.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We incurred interest expense and other associated costs related to this term loan of $1,564 and $1,359 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This term loan includes an accordion feature under which maximum borrowings may be increased to up to $400,000 in certain circumstances.
Our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements provide for acceleration of payment of all amounts due thereunder upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default, such as, in the case of our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements, a change of control of us, as defined, which includes The RMR Group LLC, or RMR LLC, ceasing to act as our business and property manager. Our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements also contain a number of covenants, including covenants that restrict our ability to incur debts, and generally require us to maintain certain financial ratios, and our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements restrict our ability to make distributions under certain circumstances. We believe we were in compliance with the terms and conditions of the respective covenants under our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements at March 31, 2018.
Note 5.  Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
The table below presents certain of our assets measured at fair value at March 31, 2018, categorized by the level of inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP, used in the valuation of each asset: 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
 
 
 
 
Quoted Prices in 
 
 
 
Significant
 
 
 
 
Active Markets for
 
Significant Other
 
Unobservable
 
 
 
 
Identical Assets
 
Observable Inputs
 
Inputs
Description
 
Total
 
(Level 1)
 
(Level 2)
 
(Level 3)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       Investment in RMR Inc. (1)
 
$
184,487

 
$
184,487

 
$

 
$

Investment in Five Star (2)
 
$
5,506

 
$
5,506

 
$

 
$

(1)
Our 2,637,408 shares of class A common stock of The RMR Group Inc., or RMR Inc., which are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, are reported at fair value which is based on quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs). Our historical cost basis for these shares is $69,826 as of March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded an unrealized gain of $28,088 to adjust the carrying value of our investment in RMR Inc. class A common shares to their fair value.
(2)
Our 4,235,000 common shares of Five Star, which are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, are reported at fair value which is based on quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs). Our historical cost basis for these shares is $6,353 as of March 31, 2018. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded an unrealized loss of $847 to adjust the carrying value of our investment in Five Star common shares to their fair value.

8

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

In addition to the assets described in the table above, our financial instruments at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, other assets, our revolving credit facility, term loans, senior unsecured notes, secured debt and capital leases and other unsecured obligations and liabilities. The fair values of these financial instruments approximated their carrying values in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of such dates, except as follows: 
 
 
As of March 31, 2018
 
As of December 31, 2017
Description
 
Carrying Amount (1)
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Carrying Amount (1)
 
Estimated Fair Value
Senior unsecured notes
 
$
2,213,811

 
$
2,292,648

 
$
1,725,662

 
$
1,810,882

Secured debts(2)
 
817,834

 
793,815

 
794,710

 
783,353

 
 
$
3,031,645

 
$
3,086,463

 
$
2,520,372

 
$
2,594,235

(1)
Includes unamortized debt issuance costs, premiums and discounts.
(2)
We assumed certain of these secured debts in connection with our acquisitions of certain properties. We recorded the assumed secured debts at estimated fair value on the date of assumption and we are amortizing the fair value adjustments, if any, to interest expense over their respective terms to adjust interest expense to the estimated market interest rates as of the date of assumption.
We estimated the fair value of our two issuances of senior unsecured notes due 2042 and 2046 based on the closing price on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, (a Level 1 input) as of March 31, 2018. We estimated the fair values of our five issuances of senior unsecured notes due 2019, 2020, 2021, 2024 and 2028 using an average of the bid and ask price on or about March 31, 2018 (Level 2 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP). We estimated the fair values of our secured debts by using discounted cash flows analyses and currently prevailing market terms as of the measurement date (Level 3 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP). Because Level 3 inputs are unobservable, our estimated fair value may differ materially from the actual fair value.
Note 6. Noncontrolling Interest
In March 2017, we entered a joint venture with a sovereign investor for one of our MOBs (two buildings) located in Boston, Massachusetts. The investor contributed approximately $261,009 for a 45% equity interest in the joint venture, and we retained the remaining 55% equity interest in the joint venture. Net proceeds from this transaction were approximately $255,931, after transaction costs. We continue to effectively control this property and therefore continue to account for this property on a consolidated basis in our condensed consolidated financial statements under the VIE model.
We recognized a noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated balance sheets of approximately $181,859 as of completion of the transaction, which was equal to 45% of the aggregate carrying value of the total equity of the property immediately prior to the transaction. The difference between the net proceeds received from this transaction and the noncontrolling interest recognized, which was approximately $74,072, has been reflected as an increase in additional paid in capital in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The portion of the joint venture's net income and comprehensive income not attributable to us, or $1,383 and $126 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, is reported as noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We made aggregate cash distributions to our joint venture partner of $5,667 during the three months ended March 31, 2018, which are reflected as a decrease in total equity attributable to noncontrolling interest in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2018, this joint venture held real estate assets with an aggregate net book value of $759,654, subject to mortgage notes of $620,000.
In assessing whether we have a controlling interest in this joint venture arrangement and are required to consolidate the accounts of the joint venture entity, we considered the members' rights to residual gains and obligation to absorb losses, which activities most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity and which member has the power to direct those activities.

9

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 7.  Shareholders’ Equity
Share Based Compensation:
On March 29, 2018, in accordance with our Trustee compensation arrangements, we granted 3,000 of our common shares, valued at $15.66 per share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on that day, to our Managing Trustee, who was elected as a Managing Trustee on that day.
On January 1, 2018, we purchased 4,628 of our common shares, valued at $19.15 per share, the closing price of our common shares on Nasdaq on December 29, 2017, from a former employee of RMR LLC in satisfaction of tax withholding and payment obligations in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares.
Distributions:
On February 22, 2018, we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of $0.39 per share, or approximately $92,674, that was declared on January 19, 2018 and was payable to shareholders of record on January 29, 2018. On April 19, 2018, we declared a regular quarterly distribution payable to common shareholders of record on April 30, 2018, of $0.39 per share, or approximately $92,675. We expect to pay this distribution on or about May 17, 2018.
Note 8.  Segment Reporting
As of March 31, 2018, we have four operating segments, of which three are separate reporting segments. We aggregate the reporting units in each of our triple net leased senior living communities, our managed senior living communities and our MOBs into three reporting segments, based on their similar operating and economic characteristics. The first reporting segment includes triple net leased senior living communities that provide short term and long term residential care and other services for residents and with respect to which we receive rents from the operators. The second reporting segment includes managed senior living communities that provide short term and long term residential care and other services for residents where we pay fees to the operator to manage the communities for our account. The third reporting segment includes MOBs where the tenants pay us rent. Our fourth segment includes all of our other operations, including certain properties that offer wellness, fitness and spa services to members and with respect to which we receive rents from operators, which we do not consider to be sufficiently material to constitute a separate reporting segment.

10

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Triple Net Leased Senior Living Communities
 
Managed Senior Living Communities
 
MOBs
 
All Other Operations
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Rental income
 
$
67,975

 
$

 
$
101,151

 
$
4,602

 
$
173,728

Residents fees and services
 

 
102,087

 

 

 
102,087

Total revenues
 
67,975

 
102,087

 
101,151

 
4,602

 
275,815

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Property operating expenses
 

 
77,205

 
30,938

 

 
108,143

Depreciation and amortization
 
20,195

 
14,811

 
34,385

 
948

 
70,339

General and administrative
 

 

 

 
25,118

 
25,118

Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 

 

 

 
20

 
20

Total expenses
 
20,195

 
92,016

 
65,323

 
26,086

 
203,620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income (loss)
 
47,780

 
10,071

 
35,828

 
(21,484
)
 
72,195

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend income
 

 

 

 
659

 
659

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 

 

 

 
27,241

 
27,241

Interest and other income
 

 

 

 
54

 
54

Interest expense
 
(571
)
 
(1,327
)
 
(5,909
)
 
(35,745
)
 
(43,552
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 

 
(130
)
 

 

 
(130
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense and equity in earnings of an investee
 
47,209

 
8,614

 
29,919

 
(29,275
)
 
56,467

Income tax expense
 

 

 

 
(260
)
 
(260
)
Equity in earnings of an investee
 

 

 

 
44

 
44

Income (loss) before gain on sale of properties
 
47,209

 
8,614

 
29,919

 
(29,491
)
 
56,251

Gain on sale of properties
 
181,154

 

 

 

 
181,154

Net income (loss)
 
228,363

 
8,614

 
29,919

 
(29,491
)
 
237,405

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 

 

 
(1,383
)
 

 
(1,383
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
 
$
228,363

 
$
8,614

 
$
28,536

 
$
(29,491
)
 
$
236,022

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2018
 
 
Triple Net Leased Senior Living Communities
 
Managed Senior Living Communities
 
MOBs
 
All Other Operations
 
Consolidated
Total assets
 
$
2,199,708

 
$
1,313,777

 
$
3,454,428

 
$
416,151

 
$
7,384,064


11

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
 
Triple Net Leased Senior Living Communities
 
Managed Senior Living Communities
 
MOBs
 
All Other Operations
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Rental income
 
$
67,252

 
$

 
$
94,646

 
$
4,545

 
$
166,443

Residents fees and services
 

 
98,118

 

 

 
98,118

Total revenues
 
67,252

 
98,118

 
94,646

 
4,545

 
264,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Property operating expenses
 

 
73,880

 
27,177

 

 
101,057

Depreciation and amortization
 
20,334

 
20,215

 
31,678

 
948

 
73,175

General and administrative
 

 

 

 
15,083

 
15,083

Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 

 

 

 
292

 
292

Total expenses
 
20,334

 
94,095


58,855


16,323


189,607

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income (loss)
 
46,918

 
4,023

 
35,791

 
(11,778
)
 
74,954

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend income
 

 

 

 
659

 
659

Interest and other income
 

 

 

 
120

 
120

Interest expense
 
(5,339
)
 
(1,176
)
 
(6,321
)
 
(30,652
)
 
(43,488
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense and equity in earnings of an investee
 
41,579

 
2,847

 
29,470

 
(41,651
)
 
32,245

Income tax expense
 

 

 

 
(92
)
 
(92
)
Equity in earnings of an investee
 

 

 

 
128

 
128

Net income (loss)
 
41,579

 
2,847

 
29,470

 
(41,615
)
 
32,281

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 

 

 
(126
)
 

 
(126
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
 
$
41,579

 
$
2,847

 
$
29,344

 
$
(41,615
)
 
$
32,155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2017
 
 
Triple Net Leased Senior Living Communities
 
Managed Senior Living Communities
 
MOBs
 
All Other Operations
 
Consolidated
Total assets
 
$
2,251,756

 
$
1,273,757

 
$
3,367,485

 
$
401,021

 
$
7,294,019


Note 9. Leases and Management Agreements with Five Star
Our Senior Living Communities Leased by Five Star. We are Five Star’s largest landlord and Five Star is our largest tenant. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, we leased 185 senior living communities to Five Star. We lease senior living communities to Five Star pursuant to five leases. We recognized total rental income payable by Five Star of $51,759, and $50,985 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These amounts exclude percentage rent payments we received from Five Star of $1,374 and $1,445 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We determine actual percentage rent due under our Five Star leases annually and recognize any resulting amount as rental income at year end when all contingencies are met. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had rents receivable from Five Star of $17,265 and $18,539, respectively, which amounts are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Rental income from Five Star represented 18.8% of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and the properties Five Star leases from us represented 27.0% of our real estate investments, at cost, as of March 31, 2018.

12

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

Pursuant to the terms of our leases with Five Star, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, we funded $8,082 of improvements to communities leased to Five Star. As a result, the annual minimum rent payable to us by Five Star increased by approximately $648 as of March 31, 2017. We did not fund any capital improvements at communities leased to Five Star for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Our Senior Living Communities Managed by Five Star. As of March 31, 2018 and 2017, Five Star managed 72 and 68 senior living communities for our account, respectively. We lease our senior living communities that are managed by Five Star and include assisted living units or SNF units to our TRSs and Five Star manages these communities pursuant to long term management agreements. See Note 3 for further information regarding senior living communities that we have acquired since December 2017 and which are managed by Five Star for our account. We incurred management fees payable to Five Star of $3,494 and $3,299 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These amounts are included in property operating expenses or have been capitalized, as appropriate, in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Five Star also provides certain other services directly to residents at some of the senior living communities it manages for us, such as rehabilitation services. At senior living communities Five Star manages for us where Five Star provides rehabilitation services on an outpatient basis, the residents, third party payers or government programs pay Five Star for those rehabilitation services. At senior living communities Five Star manages for us where Five Star provides both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation services, we generally pay Five Star for these services and charges for these services are included in amounts charged to residents, third party payers or government programs. We incurred fees payable to Five Star of $1,699 and $1,982 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for rehabilitation services Five Star provided at senior living communities it manages for us; we include these amounts in property operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income.    
Note 10. Business and Property Management Agreements with RMR LLC
We have no employees. The personnel and various services we require to operate our business are provided to us by RMR LLC. We have two agreements with RMR LLC to provide management services to us: (1) a business management agreement, which relates to our business generally; and (2) a property management agreement, which relates to the property level operations of our MOBs. We also have a subsidiary level management agreement with RMR LLC related to one of our MOBs located in Boston, Massachusetts, which we entered in connection with the joint venture arrangement for that MOB. Under that agreement, our subsidiary pays RMR LLC certain business management fees directly, which fees are credited against the business management fees payable by us to RMR LLC.
Pursuant to our business management agreement with RMR LLC, we recognized net business management fees of $23,323 and $12,781 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The net business management fees we recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2018 include $725 of management fees related to our subsidiary level management agreement with RMR LLC entered in connection with our joint venture arrangement and $14,347 of estimated 2018 incentive fees based on our common share total return, as defined in our business management agreement, as of March 31, 2018. Although we recognized estimated incentive fees in accordance with GAAP, the actual amount of incentive fees for 2018, if any, will be based on our common share total return, as defined in our business management agreement, for the three year period ending December 31, 2018, and will be payable in 2019. The net business management fees for the three months ended March 31, 2017, included $62 of management fees related to our subsidiary level management agreement with RMR LLC and $3,266 of estimated 2017 incentive fees based on our common share total return, as defined in our business management agreement, as of March 31, 2017. In January 2018, we paid RMR LLC an incentive fee of $55,740 for 2017. These amounts are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. 
Pursuant to our property management agreement with RMR LLC, we recognized aggregate net property management and construction supervision fees of $2,821 and $2,590 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These amounts are included in property operating expenses or have been capitalized, as appropriate, in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We are generally responsible for all of our operating expenses, including certain expenses incurred by RMR LLC on our behalf. Our property level operating expenses, including certain payroll and related costs incurred by RMR LLC, are generally incorporated into rents charged to our tenants. We reimbursed RMR LLC $2,779 and $2,379 for property management related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which amounts are included in property operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In addition, we are responsible for our share of

13

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

RMR LLC's costs for providing our internal audit function. The amounts recognized as expense for internal audit costs were $69 and $67 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which amounts are included in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Note 11. Related Person Transactions
 
We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with Five Star, RMR LLC, RMR Inc., Affiliates Insurance Company, or AIC, and others related to them, including other companies to which RMR LLC provides management services and which have trustees, directors and officers who are also our Trustees or officers. 
Five Star.  We are currently one of Five Star’s largest stockholders. As of March 31, 2018, we owned 4,235,000 of Five Star’s common shares, or approximately 8.4% of Five Star’s outstanding common shares. Five Star is our largest tenant and the manager of our managed senior living communities. RMR LLC provides management services to both us and Five Star. As of March 31, 2018, a subsidiary of ABP Trust, the controlling shareholder of RMR Inc., owned 35.6% of Five Star's outstanding common shares. Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, is the sole trustee of ABP Trust and a managing director of Five Star. See Note 9 for further information regarding our relationships, agreements and transactions with Five Star and Note 5 for further information regarding our investment in Five Star.
Our Manager, RMR LLC. We have two agreements with RMR LLC to provide management services to us. See Note 10 for further information regarding our management agreements with RMR LLC.
RMR Inc. RMR LLC is a majority owned subsidiary of RMR Inc. and RMR Inc. is the managing member of RMR LLC. Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, is the sole trustee, controlling shareholder and an officer of ABP Trust, the controlling shareholder of RMR Inc., a managing director, president and chief executive officer of RMR Inc., and an officer of ABP Trust and RMR LLC. Jennifer B. Clark, our other Managing Trustee, also serves as a managing director and as executive vice president, general counsel and secretary of RMR Inc. and an officer of ABP Trust and RMR LLC. Other officers of RMR LLC and RMR Inc. also serve as officers of the Company. As of March 31, 2018, we owned 2,637,408 shares of class A common stock of RMR Inc.  See Note 5 for further information regarding our investment in RMR Inc.
AIC. We, ABP Trust, Five Star and four other companies to which RMR LLC provides management services currently own AIC in equal amounts. We and the other AIC shareholders participate in a combined property insurance program arranged and reinsured in part by AIC. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our investment in AIC had a carrying value of $8,136 and $8,185, respectively. These amounts are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We recognized income related to our investment in AIC, which is presented as equity in earnings of an investee in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Our other comprehensive income includes our proportionate part of unrealized gains on securities which are owned by AIC related to our investment in AIC.
For further information about these and other such relationships and certain other related person transactions, refer to our Annual Report.
Note 12.  Income Taxes
We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as such, are generally not subject to federal and most state income taxation on our operating income provided we distribute our taxable income to our shareholders and meet certain organization and operating requirements. We do, however, lease certain managed senior living communities to our wholly owned TRSs that, unlike most of our subsidiaries, file a separate consolidated federal corporate income tax return and are subject to federal and state income taxes. Our consolidated income tax provision includes the income tax provision related to the operations of our TRSs and certain state income taxes we incur despite our taxation as a REIT. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized income tax expense of $260 and $92, respectively.

14

SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 13. Weighted Average Common Shares
The following table provides a reconciliation of the weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands): 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted average common shares for basic earnings per share
 
237,478

 
237,391

Effect of dilutive securities: unvested share awards
 
15

 
25

Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share
 
237,493

 
237,416



15


Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report.
We are a REIT organized under Maryland law. At March 31, 2018, we owned 444 properties (470 buildings) located in 42 states and Washington, D.C., including two senior living communities classified as held for sale.  At March 31, 2018, the undepreciated carrying value of our properties, which represents the gross book value of our real estate assets before depreciation and purchase price allocations, less impairment write downs, was $8.6 billion, excluding two senior living communities classified as held for sale with a net carrying value of $18.5 million as of March 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, 97% of our net operating income, or NOI, came from properties where a majority of the revenues are derived from our tenants' and residents’ private resources. 
PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
The following tables present an overview of our portfolio (dollars in thousands, except investment per unit or square foot data):
(As of March 31, 2018)
 
Number of Properties
 
Number of Units or Square Feet
 
 
 
Carrying Value of Investment(1)
 
% of Total Investment
 
Investment per Unit or Square Foot(2)
 
Q1 2018 Revenues
 
% of Q1 2018 Revenues
 
Q1 2018 NOI (3)
 
% of Q1 2018 NOI (3)
Facility Type
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Independent living (4)
 
67

 
15,434

 
 
 
$
2,311,544

 
26.8
%
 
$
149,770

 
$
91,274

 
33.0
%
 
$
47,515

 
28.4
%
Assisted living (4)
 
199

 
14,640

 
 
 
2,164,885

 
25.0
%
 
$
147,875

 
74,437

 
27.0
%
 
40,991

 
24.4
%
Skilled nursing facilities (4)
 
39

 
4,131

 
 
 
183,854

 
2.1
%
 
$
44,506

 
4,351

 
1.6
%
 
4,351

 
2.6
%
Subtotal senior living communities
 
305

 
34,205

 
 
 
4,660,283

 
53.9
%
 
$
136,246

 
170,062

 
61.6
%
 
92,857

 
55.4
%
MOBs (5)
 
129

 
12,602,012

 
sq. ft.
 
3,801,658

 
44.0
%
 
$
302

 
101,151

 
36.7
%
 
70,213

 
41.9
%
Wellness centers
 
10

 
812,000

 
sq. ft.
 
178,110

 
2.1
%
 
$
219

 
4,602

 
1.7
%
 
4,602

 
2.7
%
Total
 
444

 
 
 
 
 
$
8,640,051

 
100.0
%
 
 

 
$
275,815

 
100.0
%
 
$
167,672

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tenant / Operator / Managed Properties
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Five Star
 
185

 
20,133

 
 
 
$
2,330,630

 
27.0
%
 
$
115,762

 
$
51,759

 
18.8
%
 
$
51,759

 
30.9
%
Sunrise / Marriott (6)
 
1

 
354

 
 
 

 
%
 
$

 
2,776

 
1.0
%
 
2,776

 
1.7
%
Brookdale
 
18

 
940

 
 
 
69,669

 
0.8
%
 
$
74,116

 
2,019

 
0.7
%
 
2,019

 
1.2
%
11 private senior living companies (combined)
 
29

 
3,520

 
 
 
571,760

 
6.6
%
 
$
162,432

 
11,421

 
4.1
%
 
11,421

 
6.8
%
Subtotal triple net leased senior living communities
 
233

 
24,947

 
 
 
2,972,059

 
34.4
%
 
$
119,135

 
67,975

 
24.6
%
 
67,975

 
40.6
%
Managed senior living communities (7)
 
72

 
9,258

 
 
 
1,688,224

 
19.5
%
 
$
182,353

 
102,087

 
37.0
%
 
24,882

 
14.8
%
Subtotal senior living communities
 
305

 
34,205

 
 
 
4,660,283

 
53.9
%
 
$
136,246

 
170,062

 
61.6
%
 
92,857

 
55.4
%
MOBs (5)
 
129

 
12,602,012

 
sq. ft.
 
3,801,658

 
44.0
%
 
$
302

 
101,151

 
36.7
%
 
70,213

 
41.9
%
Wellness centers
 
10

 
812,000

 
sq. ft.
 
178,110

 
2.1
%
 
$
219

 
4,602

 
1.7
%
 
4,602

 
2.7
%
Total
 
444

 
 
 
 
 
$
8,640,051

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
$
275,815

 
100.0
%
 
$
167,672

 
100.0
%

16


Tenant / Managed Property Operating Statistics(8) 
 
 
Rent Coverage
 
Occupancy
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Five Star
 
1.15
x
 
1.19
x
 
82.1
%
 
83.6
%
Brookdale
 
2.30
x
 
2.59
x
 
84.0
%
 
84.5
%
11 private senior living companies (combined)
 
1.21
x
 
1.28
x
 
86.6
%
 
89.3
%
Subtotal triple net leased senior living communities
 
1.20
x
 
1.26
x
 
82.8
%
 
84.5
%
Managed senior living communities (7)
 
NA

 
NA

 
85.8
%
 
87.2
%
Subtotal senior living communities
 
1.2
x
 
1.26
x
 
83.6
%
 
85.2
%
MOBs (5)
 
NA

 
NA

 
95.1
%
 
96.4
%
Wellness centers
 
1.78
x
 
1.91
x
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
Total
 
1.23
x
 
1.30
x
 
 

 
 
(1)
Represents the gross book value of real estate assets before depreciation and purchase price allocations, less impairment write downs, if any. Amounts exclude the investment carrying value of two of our senior living communities that were classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2018 and are included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Represents carrying value of investment divided by number of living units or rentable square feet, as applicable, at March 31, 2018.
(3)
NOI is defined and calculated by reportable segment. Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(4)
Senior living communities are categorized by the type of living units which constitute a majority of the living units at the community.
(5)
These 129 MOB properties are comprised of 155 buildings. Our MOB leases include some triple net leases where, in addition to paying fixed rents, the tenants assume the obligation to operate and maintain the properties at their expense, and some net and modified gross leases where we are responsible for the operation and maintenance of the properties, and we charge tenants for some or all of the property operating costs. A small percentage of our MOB leases are "full-service" leases where we receive fixed rent from our tenants and no reimbursement for our property operating costs.
(6)
Marriott International, Inc., or Marriott, guarantees the lessee’s obligations under this lease. In March 2018, we sold two senior living communities leased to a subsidiary of Sunrise and we currently have one senior living community leased to Sunrise that is under agreement to sell. We expect the closing of this sale to occur before the end of the second quarter of 2018. The net carrying value of this community was $15.7 million as of March 31, 2018.
(7)
These senior living communities are managed by Five Star. The occupancy for the 12 month period ended, or, if shorter, from the date of acquisitions through, March 31, 2018 was 86.2%.
(8)
Operating data for MOBs are presented as of March 31, 2018 and 2017 and include (i) space being fitted out for occupancy and (ii) space which is leased but is not occupied or is being offered for sublease by tenants; operating data for other properties, tenants and managers are presented based upon the operating results provided by our tenants and managers for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, or the most recent prior period for which tenant operating results are made available to us. Rent coverage is calculated as operating cash flows from our tenants’ facility operations of our properties, before subordinated charges, if any, divided by rents payable to us. We have not independently verified tenant operating data. Excludes data for periods prior to our ownership of certain properties, as well as data for properties sold or classified as held for sale during the periods presented.

17


Portfolio Lease Expiration Schedules
The following tables set forth information regarding our lease expirations as of March 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Annualized Rental Income(1)(2)
 
Percent of
Total
Annualized
Rental
Income
Expiring
 
Cumulative
Percentage of
Annualized
Rental
Income
Expiring
Year
 
Triple Net
Senior Living
Communities
 
MOBs
 
Wellness Centers
 
Total
 
 
2018
 
$
1,828

(3) 
$
17,274

 
$

 
$
19,102

 
2.8
%
 
2.8
%
2019
 
721

 
44,753

 

 
45,474

 
6.6
%
 
9.4
%
2020
 

 
34,930

 

 
34,930

 
5.1
%
 
14.5
%
2021
 
1,492

 
25,315

 

 
26,807

 
3.9
%
 
18.4
%
2022
 

 
31,225

 

 
31,225

 
4.5
%
 
22.9
%
2023
 
18,366

(4) 
21,318

 
7,546

 
47,230

 
6.9
%
 
29.8
%
2024
 
64,911

(5) 
43,536

 
 
 
108,447

 
15.8
%
 
45.6
%
2025
 

 
16,470

 

 
16,470

 
2.4
%
 
48.0
%
2026
 
68,552

 
19,886

 

 
88,438

 
12.9
%
 
60.9
%
2027 and thereafter
 
113,964

 
144,050

 
10,550

 
268,564

 
39.1
%
 
100.0
%
Total
 
$
269,834

 
$
398,757

 
$
18,096

 
$
686,687

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
Average remaining lease term for our triple net leased senior living communities, MOBs and wellness center properties (weighted by annualized rental income): 7.7 years.
(1)
Annualized rental income is based on rents pursuant to existing leases as of March 31, 2018, including estimated percentage rents, straight line rent adjustments, estimated recurring expense reimbursements for certain net and modified gross leases and excluding lease value amortization at certain of our MOBs and wellness centers. Rental income amounts also include 100% of rental income as reported under GAAP from a property owned by a joint venture in which we own a 55% equity interest.
(2)
Excludes rent received from our managed senior living communities leased to our TRSs.  If the NOI from our TRSs (three months ended March 31, 2018, annualized) were included in the foregoing table, the percent of total annualized rental income expiring in each of the following years would be: 20182.4%; 20195.8%; 20204.4%; 20213.4%; 20224.0%; 20236.0%; 202413.8%; 20252.1%; 2026 — 11.2%; and thereafter — 46.9%. In addition, if our leases to our TRSs using the terms of the management agreements for these communities were included in the foregoing table, the average remaining lease term for all properties (weighted by annualized rental income) would be 8.6 years.
(3)
Includes one community leased to Pacifica where the tenant has defaulted on the lease effective February 2018 and one community leased to a private senior living company where the tenant has provided notice of its exercise of its purchase option. The closing of this sale is expected to occur before the end of 2018. The annualized rental income associated with the community with the tenant purchase option is $1,305.
(4)
Includes one senior living community leased to Sunrise that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of the second quarter of 2018.
(5)
Includes one SNF leased to Five Star that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of 2018.

18


 
 
Number of Tenants (1)
 
Percent of Total Number of Tenancies Expiring (1)
 
Cumulative Percentage of Number of Tenancies Expiring (1)
Year
 
Triple Net
Senior Living
Communities
 
MOBs
 
Wellness Centers
 
Total
 
 
2018
 
2

(2) 
105

 

 
107

 
15.1
%
 
15.1
%
2019
 
1

 
100

 

 
101

 
14.2
%
 
29.3
%
2020
 

 
101

 

 
101

 
14.2
%
 
43.5
%
2021
 
1

 
88

 

 
89

 
12.6
%
 
56.1
%
2022
 

 
91

 

 
91

 
12.8
%
 
68.9
%
2023
 
5

(3) 
44

 
3

 
52

 
7.3
%
 
76.2
%
2024
 
3

(4) 
42

 

 
45

 
6.3
%
 
82.5
%
2025
 

 
32

 

 
32

 
4.5
%
 
87.0
%
2026
 
1

 
25

 

 
26

 
3.7
%
 
90.7
%
2027 and thereafter
 
12

 
52

 
1

 
65

 
9.3
%
 
100.0
%
Total
 
25

 
680

 
4

 
709

 
100.0
%
 
 
(1)
Excludes our managed senior living communities leased to our TRSs.
(2)
Includes one community leased to Pacifica where the tenant has defaulted on the lease effective February 2018 and one community leased to a private senior living company where the tenant has provided notice of its exercise of its purchase option. The closing of this sale is expected to occur before the end of 2018.
(3)
Includes one senior living community leased to Sunrise that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of the second quarter of 2018.
(4)
Includes one SNF leased to Five Star that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of 2018.
 
 
Living Units(1)
 
Square Feet (2)
Year
 
Triple Net
Senior Living
Communities
 
Percent of Total Living Units Expiring
 
Cumulative Percentage of Total Living Units Expiring
 
MOBs (Square Feet)
 
Wellness Centers (Square Feet)
 
Total Square Feet
 
Percent of Total Square Feet Expiring
 
Cumulative Percent of Total Square Feet Expiring
2018
 
177

(3) 
0.7
%
 
0.7
%
 
590,191

 

 
590,191

 
4.6
%
 
4.6
%
2019
 
175

 
0.7
%
 
1.4
%
 
1,407,763

 

 
1,407,763

 
11.0
%
 
15.6
%
2020
 

 
%
 
1.4
%
 
1,458,379

 

 
1,458,379

 
11.4
%
 
27.0
%
2021
 
361

 
1.4
%
 
2.8
%
 
781,477

 

 
781,477

 
6.1
%
 
33.1
%
2022
 

 
%
 
2.8
%
 
1,159,325

 

 
1,159,325

 
9.1
%
 
42.2
%
2023
 
1,051

(4) 
4.2
%
 
7.0
%
 
1,076,213

 
354,000

 
1,430,213

 
11.2
%
 
53.4
%
2024
 
6,277

(5) 
25.2
%
 
32.2
%
 
1,679,136

 

 
1,679,136

 
13.1
%
 
66.5
%
2025
 

 
%
 
32.2
%
 
647,474

 

 
647,474

 
5.1
%
 
71.6
%
2026
 
6,857

 
27.5
%
 
59.7
%
 
658,539

 

 
658,539

 
5.1
%
 
76.7
%
2027 and thereafter
 
10,049

 
40.3
%
 
100.0
%
 
2,530,134

 
458,000

 
2,988,134

 
23.3
%
 
100.0
%
Total
 
24,947

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
11,988,631

 
812,000

 
12,800,631

 
100.0
%
 
 
(1)
Excludes 9,258 living units from our managed senior living communities leased to our TRSs. If the number of living units included in our TRS leases using the terms of the management agreements for these communities were included in the foregoing table, the percent of total living units expiring in each of the following years would be: 20180.5%; 20190.5%; 20200.0%; 20211.1%; 20220.0%; 20233.1%; 202418.4%; 20250.0%; 202620.0%; and thereafter — 56.4%.
(2)
Includes 100% of square feet from a property owned by a joint venture in which we own a 55% equity interest.

19


(3)
Includes one community leased to Pacifica with 78 living units where the tenant has defaulted on the lease effective February 2018 and one community leased to a private senior living company with 99 living units where the tenant has provided notice of its exercise of its purchase option. The closing of this sale is expected to occur before the end of 2018.
(4)
Includes one senior living community leased to Sunrise with 354 living units that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of the second quarter of 2018.
(5)
Includes one SNF leased to Five Star with 98 living units that we have agreed and expect to sell before the end of 2018.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we entered MOB lease renewals for 69,081 leasable square feet and new leases for 27,481 leasable square feet. The weighted average annual rental rate for leases entered during the quarter was $44.37 per square foot, and these rental rates were, on a weighted average basis, 6.0% above previous rents charged for the same space. Weighted average lease terms for leases entered during the first quarter of 2018 were 5.1 years. Commitments for tenant improvements, leasing commission costs and concessions for leases we entered during the first quarter of 2018 totaled $1.7 million, or $17.68 per square foot on average (approximately $3.49 per square foot per year of the lease term).
GENERAL INDUSTRY TRENDS
We believe that the primary market for senior living services is individuals age 75 and older, and, according to U.S. Census data, that group is projected to be among the fastest growing age cohort in the United States over the next 20 years. Also, as a result of medical advances, seniors are living longer. Due to these demographic trends, we expect the demand for senior living services to increase for the foreseeable future. Despite this trend, future economic downturns, softness in the U.S. housing market, higher levels of unemployment among our potential residents’ family members, lower levels of consumer confidence, stock market volatility and/or changes in demographics could adversely affect the ability of seniors to afford the resident fees or entrance fees at our senior living communities.
The medical advances which are increasing average life spans are also causing some seniors to defer relocating to senior living communities, but we do not believe this factor is sufficient to offset the long term positive demographic trends causing increased demand for senior living communities for the foreseeable future.
In recent years, a significant number of new senior living communities have been developed and continue to be developed. Although there are indications that the rate of newly started developments has recently slowed, the increased supply of senior living communities resulting from recent development activity has increased competitive pressures on our tenants and manager, particularly in certain geographic markets where we own senior living communities, and we expect these competitive challenges to continue for at least the next few years. These competitive challenges may prevent our tenants and manager from maintaining or improving occupancy and rates at our senior living communities, which may increase the risk of default under our leases, reduce the rents and returns we may receive and earn from our leased and managed senior living communities and adversely affect the profitability of our senior living communities, and may cause the value of our properties to decline. In response to these competitive pressures, we have invested capital in our existing senior living communities and expect to continue to do so in order that our communities may remain competitive with newer communities.
The senior living industry is subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations. For further information regarding these laws and regulations, and possible legislative and regulatory changes, see "Impact of Government Reimbursement" elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as in our Annual Report.
Our MOBs have been impacted by at least two major industry trends for the past 10 years which are continuing at this time and that have impacted our investment activities.
First, medical practices are being consolidated into hospital systems. This has caused the number of free standing medical practices to decline. At the same time, the number of multi-practice medical office buildings that are anchor leased by hospital systems which employ doctors has increased. We believe hospital systems will continue the trend of providing an increasing amount of services in off campus MOBs away from main hospital campuses in order to reduce costs and serve as many patients as possible.
Second, various advances in medical science have caused a large investment in new bio-medical research companies that require office, lab and medical products manufacturing space. We believe that about half of our total investments in MOBs may be considered biotech and life science properties.

20


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (dollars and square feet in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
We have four operating segments, of which three are separate reporting segments. We aggregate our triple net leased senior living communities, our managed senior living communities and our MOBs into three reporting segments, based on their similar operating and economic characteristics. The first reporting segment includes triple net leased senior living communities that provide short term and long term residential care and other services for residents and with respect to which we receive rents from the operators. The second reporting segment includes managed senior living communities that provide short term and long term residential care and other services for residents where we pay fees to the operator to manage the communities for our account. The third reporting segment includes MOBs where the tenants pay us rent for space in medical offices, life science laboratories and other medical related facilities. Our fourth segment includes all of our other operations, including certain properties that offer wellness, fitness and spa services to members and with respect to which we receive rents from operators, which we do not consider to be sufficiently material to constitute a separate reporting segment.
The following table summarizes the results of operations of each of our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
    
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
Triple net leased senior living communities
 
$
67,975

 
$
67,252

Managed senior living communities
 
102,087

 
98,118

MOBs
 
101,151

 
94,646

All other operations
 
4,602

 
4,545

Total revenues
 
$
275,815

 
$
264,561

 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders:
 
 
 
 
Triple net leased senior living communities
 
$
228,363

 
$
41,579

Managed senior living communities
 
8,614

 
2,847

MOBs
 
28,536

 
29,344

All other operations
 
(29,491
)
 
(41,615
)
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
236,022

 
$
32,155

The following section analyzes and discusses the results of operations of each of our segments for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands, except average monthly rate):
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this section to changes or comparisons of results, income or expenses refer to comparisons of the results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Triple net leased senior living communities:  
 
 
 
All Properties
 
Comparable Properties (1)
 
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
 
Ended March 31,
 
Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total properties
 
233

 
236

 
233

 
233

# of units
 
24,947

 
26,220

 
24,947

 
24,947

Tenant operating data (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy
 
82.8
%
 
84.5
%
 
82.8
%
 
84.5
%
Rent coverage
 
1.20
x
 
1.26
x
 
1.20
x
 
1.26
x
(1)
Consists of triple net leased senior living communities we have owned continuously since January 1, 2017; excludes communities classified as held for sale, if any.

21


(2)
All tenant operating data presented are based upon the operating results provided by our tenants for the 12 months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 or the most recent prior period for which tenant operating results are available to us. Rent coverage is calculated as operating cash flows from our triple net lease tenants’ operations of our properties, before subordinated charges, if any, divided by triple net lease minimum rents payable to us. We have not independently verified tenant operating data. Excludes data for historical periods prior to our ownership of certain properties, as well as data for properties sold or classified as held for sale during the periods presented.
Triple net leased senior living communities, all properties:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Rental Income
 
$
67,975

 
$
67,252

 
$
723

 
1.1
 %
Net operating income (NOI)
 
67,975

 
67,252

 
723

 
1.1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(20,195
)
 
(20,334
)
 
(139
)
 
(0.7
)%
Operating income
 
47,780

 
46,918

 
862

 
1.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(571
)
 
(5,339
)
 
(4,768
)
 
(89.3
)%
Gain on sale of properties
 
181,154

 

 
181,154

 
100.0
 %
Net income
 
$
228,363

 
$
41,579

 
$
186,784

 
449.2
 %
Except as noted below under “Rental income,” we have not included a discussion and analysis of the results of our comparable properties data for the triple net leased senior living communities segment as we believe that such a comparison is generally consistent with the comparison of results for all our triple net leased senior living communities from quarter to quarter and a separate, comparable properties comparison is not meaningful.
Rental income. Rental income increased primarily due to increased rents resulting from our purchase of improvements since January 1, 2017, partially offset by reduced rental income resulting from the sale of three senior living communities since January 1, 2017. Rental income includes non-cash straight line rent adjustments totaling $619 and $776 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Rental income increased year over year on a comparable property basis by $1,085, primarily as a result of our purchase of improvements at certain of these communities that we have owned continuously since January 1, 2017 and the resulting increased rent, pursuant to the terms of the applicable leases.
Net operating income. We typically incur minimal property operating expenses at these communities, as the majority of those expenses are paid by our tenants. NOI increased due to the increase in rental income described above. The reconciliation of NOI to net income for our triple net leased senior living communities segment is shown in the table above. Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased primarily as a result of the sale of three senior living communities and the classification of two communities as held for sale since January 1, 2017, partially offset by our purchase of improvements since January 1, 2017.
Interest expense.  Interest expense relates to mortgage notes secured by certain of these communities. The decrease in interest expense is due to our prepayment of $277,837 in aggregate principal amount of mortgage notes in April 2017 with a weighted average annual interest rate of 6.7%, as well as regularly scheduled amortization of mortgage notes secured by these communities.
Gain on sale of properties. Gain on sale of properties is the result of our sale of two senior living communities in March 2018.

22


Managed senior living communities:
 
 
All Properties
 
Comparable Properties (1)
 
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
 
Ended March 31,
 
Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total properties
 
72

 
68

 
68

 
68

# of units
 
9,258

 
8,798

 
8,814

 
8,814

Occupancy
 
85.8
%
 
86.0
%
 
85.8
%
 
86.0
%
Average monthly rate (2)
 
$
4,308

 
$
4,322

 
$
4,336

 
$
4,322

(1)
Consists of managed senior living communities owned and managed by the same operator continuously since January 1, 2017; excludes communities classified as held for sale, if any.
(2)
Average monthly rate is calculated by taking the average daily rate, which is defined as total residents fees and services divided by occupied units during the period, and multiplying it by 30 days.
Managed senior living communities, all properties:    
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Residents fees and services
 
$
102,087

 
$
98,118

 
$
3,969

 
4.0
 %
Property operating expenses
 
(77,205
)
 
(73,880
)
 
3,325

 
4.5
 %
Net operating income (NOI)
 
24,882

 
24,238

 
644

 
2.7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(14,811
)
 
(20,215
)
 
(5,404
)
 
(26.7
)%
Operating income
 
10,071

 
4,023

 
6,048

 
150.3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(1,327
)
 
(1,176
)
 
151

 
12.8
 %
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
(130
)
 

 
130

 
100.0
 %
Net income
 
$
8,614

 
$
2,847

 
$
5,767

 
202.6
 %
Residents fees and services. Residents fees and services are the revenues earned at our managed senior living communities. We recognize these revenues as services are provided and related fees are accrued. Residents fees and services increased primarily due to our acquisitions since January 1, 2017, partially offset by a decrease in average monthly rates for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses consist of management fees, real estate taxes, utility expenses, insurance, salaries and benefit costs of property level personnel, repairs and maintenance expense, cleaning expense and other direct costs of operating these communities. Property operating expenses increased primarily due to our acquisitions since January 1, 2017 and increased costs associated with staffing.
Net operating income.  The increase in NOI reflects the net changes in residents fees and services and property operating expenses described above.  The reconciliation of NOI to net income for our managed senior living communities segment is shown in the table above. Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Depreciation and amortization expense.  Depreciation and amortization expense includes the depreciation of owned property and equipment as well as the amortization expense related to in place resident agreements assumed upon the acquisition of a community. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased as a result of certain of our in place resident agreements becoming fully amortized since January 1, 2017, partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense due to our acquisitions and purchase of improvements since January 1, 2017.
Interest expense. Interest expense relates to mortgage notes secured by certain of these communities.  The increase in interest expense is due to our assumption of a $16,748 mortgage note in connection with our acquisition of a senior living

23


community in February 2018, partially offset by our prepayment of a $4,330 mortgage note in January 2018, as well as the regularly scheduled amortization of mortgage notes secured by these communities.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt. We recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt in connection with our prepayment of $4,330 of mortgage notes in January 2018.
Managed senior living communities, comparable properties (managed senior living communities owned and managed by the same operator continuously since January 1, 2017; excludes communities classified as held for sale, if any):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Residents fees and services
 
$
98,407

 
$
98,118

 
$
289

 
0.3
 %
Property operating expenses
 
(74,550
)
 
(73,885
)
 
665

 
0.9
 %
Net operating income (NOI)
 
23,857

 
24,233

 
(376
)
 
(1.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(12,782
)
 
(20,212
)
 
(7,430
)
 
(36.8
)%
Operating income
 
11,075

 
4,021

 
7,054

 
175.4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(1,179
)
 
(1,176
)
 
3

 
0.3
 %
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
(130
)
 

 
130

 
100.0
 %
Net income
 
$
9,766

 
$
2,845

 
$
6,921

 
243.3
 %
Residents fees and services. Residents fees and services are the revenues earned at our managed senior living communities. We recognize these revenues as services are provided and related fees are accrued. Residents fees and services increased modestly year over year on a comparable property basis primarily due to an increase in occupancy, partially offset by a decrease in average monthly rates for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses consist of management fees, real estate taxes, utility expenses, insurance, salaries and benefit costs of property level personnel, repairs and maintenance expense, cleaning expense and other direct costs of operating these communities. Property operating expenses increased primarily due to increased costs associated with staffing.
Net operating income. The decrease in NOI reflects the net changes in residents fees and services and property operating expenses described above. The reconciliation of NOI to net income for our managed senior living communities segment, comparable properties, is shown in the table above.  Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense includes the depreciation of owned property and equipment as well as the amortization expense related to in place resident agreements assumed upon the acquisition of a community. Depreciation and amortization expense decreased as a result of certain of our in place resident agreements becoming fully amortized since January 1, 2017, partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense due to our acquisitions and purchases of improvements since January 1, 2017.
Interest expense. Interest expense relates to mortgage notes secured by certain of these communities. Interest expense remained consistent on a year over year basis.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt. We recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt in connection with our prepayment of $4,330 of mortgage notes in January 2018.


24


MOBs:
 
 
All Properties
 
Comparable Properties (1)
 
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
As of and For the Three Months
 
 
Ended March 31,
 
Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total properties
 
129

 
120

 
119

 
119

Total buildings
 
155

 
146

 
145

 
145

Total square feet (2)
 
12,602

 
11,552

 
11,436

 
11,435

Occupancy (3)
 
95.1
%
 
96.4
%
 
94.9
%
 
96.3
%
(1)
Consists of MOBs we have owned continuously since January 1, 2017; includes our MOB (two buildings) that is owned in a joint venture arrangement; excludes properties classified as held for sale, if any.
(2)
Prior periods exclude space re-measurements made subsequent to those periods.
(3)
MOB occupancy includes (i) space being fitted out for occupancy and (ii) space which is leased but is not occupied or is being offered for sublease by tenants.
MOBs, all properties:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Rental income
 
$
101,151

 
$
94,646

 
$
6,505

 
6.9
 %
Property operating expenses
 
(30,938
)
 
(27,177
)
 
3,761

 
13.8
 %
Net operating income (NOI)
 
70,213

 
67,469

 
2,744

 
4.1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(34,385
)
 
(31,678
)
 
2,707

 
8.5
 %
Operating income
 
35,828

 
35,791

 
37

 
0.1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(5,909
)
 
(6,321
)
 
(412
)
 
(6.5
)%
Net income
 
29,919

 
29,470

 
449

 
1.5
 %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
(1,383
)
 
(126
)
 
1,257

 
997.6
 %
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
28,536

 
$
29,344

 
$
(808
)
 
(2.8
)%
Rental income. Rental income increased primarily due to rents from MOBs we acquired since January 1, 2017, as well as certain changes at our comparable MOB properties discussed below. Rental income includes non-cash straight line rent adjustments totaling $2,236 and $2,515 and net amortization of approximately $1,326 and $1,236 of above and below market lease adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses consist of real estate taxes, utility expenses, property management fees, repairs and maintenance expense, cleaning expense and other direct costs of operating these properties. Property operating expenses increased primarily due to our acquisitions since January 1, 2017, as well as certain changes at our comparable MOB properties discussed below. 
Net operating income. NOI increased due to the increase in rental income, partially offset by the increase in property operating expenses described above.  The reconciliation of NOI to net income for our MOB segment is shown in the table above.  Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to our acquisitions since January 1, 2017, an increase in the amortization of leasing costs and depreciation expense on fixed assets and an increase in amortization of acquired in place real estate leases that we amortize over the respective lease terms.

25


Interest expense.  Interest expense relates to mortgage notes secured by certain of these properties. The decrease in interest expense is the result of our prepayment of $27,789 in aggregate principal amount of mortgage notes since January 1, 2017 with a weighted average annual interest rate of 6.3%, as well as the regularly scheduled amortization of mortgage notes secured by these properties.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest represents the net income attributable to a sovereign investor that owns 45% of one of our MOBs (two buildings) through the joint venture agreement we entered in March 2017. 
MOBs, comparable properties (MOBs we have owned continuously since January 1, 2017; includes our MOB (two buildings) that is owned in a joint venture arrangement; excludes properties classified as held for sale, if any): 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Rental income
 
$
94,263

 
$
94,168

 
$
95

 
0.1
 %
Property operating expenses
 
(28,676
)
 
(26,965
)
 
1,711

 
6.3
 %
Net operating income (NOI)
 
65,587

 
67,203

 
(1,616
)
 
(2.4
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(31,327
)
 
(31,502
)
 
(175
)
 
(0.6
)%
Operating income
 
34,260

 
35,701

 
(1,441
)
 
(4.0
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
(5,907
)
 
(6,321
)
 
(414
)
 
(6.5
)%
Net income
 
28,353

 
29,380

 
(1,027
)
 
(3.5
)%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
 
(1,383
)
 
(126
)
 
1,257

 
997.6
 %
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
26,970

 
$
29,254

 
$
(2,284
)
 
(7.8
)%
Rental income. Rental income increased primarily due to an increase in tax escalation income and other reimbursable expenses at certain of these properties, partially offset by reduced occupancy. Rental income includes non-cash straight line rent adjustments totaling $1,938 and $2,488 and net amortization of approximately $1,373 and $1,238 of above and below market lease adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 
Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses consist of real estate taxes, utility expenses, property management fees, salaries and benefit costs of property level personnel, repairs and maintenance expense, cleaning expense and other direct costs of operating these properties. Property operating expenses increased primarily due to increases in consulting fees related to a strategic sourcing project that we believe will reduce future operating and capital expenditures and other direct costs of operating these properties.
Net operating income. NOI reflects the net changes in rental income and property operating expenses described above. The reconciliation of NOI to net income for our MOB segment for comparable properties is shown in the table above. Our definition of NOI and our reconciliation of net income to consolidated NOI are included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” 
Depreciation and amortization expense.  Depreciation and amortization expense decreased primarily due to a reduction in amortization of acquired in place real estate leases that we amortize over the respective lease terms, partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense on fixed assets acquired since January 1, 2017.
Interest expense.  Interest expense relates to mortgage notes secured by certain of these properties. The decrease in interest expense is the result of our prepayment of $27,789 in aggregate principal amount of mortgage notes since January 1, 2017 with an annual interest rate of 6.3%, as well as the regularly scheduled amortization of mortgage notes secured by these properties.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest represents the net income attributable to a sovereign investor that owns 45% of one of our MOBs (two buildings) through the joint venture agreement we entered in March 2017. 

26


All other operations(1)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
Change
 
% Change
Rental income
 
$
4,602

 
$
4,545

 
$
57

 
1.3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization expense
 
(948
)
 
(948
)
 

 
 %
General and administrative
 
(25,118
)
 
(15,083
)
 
10,035

 
66.5
 %
Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 
(20
)
 
(292
)
 
(272
)
 
(93.2
)%
Total expenses
 
(26,086
)
 
(16,323
)
 
9,763

 
59.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating loss
 
(21,484
)
 
(11,778
)
 
9,706

 
82.4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividend income
 
659

 
659

 

 
 %
Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 
27,241

 

 
27,241

 
100.0
 %
Interest and other income
 
54

 
120

 
(66
)
 
(55.0
)%
Interest expense
 
(35,745
)
 
(30,652
)
 
5,093

 
16.6
 %
Net income
 
(29,275
)
 
(41,651
)
 
(12,376
)
 
(29.7
)%
Income tax expense
 
(260
)
 
(92
)
 
168

 
182.6
 %
Equity in earnings of an investee
 
44

 
128

 
(84
)
 
(65.6
)%
Net loss
 
$
(29,491
)
 
$
(41,615
)
 
$
(12,124
)
 
(29.1
)%
(1)
All other operations includes all of our other operations, including certain properties that offer wellness, fitness and spa services to members, which segment we do not consider to be sufficiently material to constitute a separate reporting segment, and any operating expenses that are not attributable to a specific reporting segment. 
Rental income. Rental income includes non-cash straight line rent of approximately $138 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Rental income also includes net amortization of approximately $55 of acquired real estate leases and obligations for each of the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017
Depreciation and amortization expense.  Depreciation and amortization expense remained consistent as we had no acquisitions or capital expenditures in this segment since January 1, 2017. We depreciate our long lived wellness center assets on a straight line basis.
General and administrative expense.  General and administrative expense consists of fees paid to RMR LLC under our business management agreements, legal and accounting fees, fees and expenses of our Trustees, equity compensation expense and other costs relating to our status as a publicly traded company. General and administrative expense increased primarily due to $14,347 of estimated business management incentive fees that we recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of our total shareholder return exceeding the returns for the SNL U.S. REIT Healthcare index over the applicable measurement period, compared to $3,266 of business management incentive fees that we recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was partially offset by decreases in equity compensation expense and business management fees as a result of lower market prices for our common shares during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs.  Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs include legal and diligence costs incurred in connection with our acquisition, disposition and operations transition activities that we expensed under GAAP.
Dividend income. Dividend income reflects cash dividends received from our investment in RMR Inc. 
Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net, represents the net unrealized gains to adjust our investments in RMR Inc. and Five Star to their fair value in accordance with a change in GAAP effective January 1, 2018.
Interest and other income.  The decrease in interest and other income is primarily due to decreased average investable cash on hand. 

27


Interest expense.  Interest expense increased primarily due to our February 2018 issuance of $500,000 of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due 2028 and increases in LIBOR rates, resulting in an increase in interest expense on our revolving credit facility and term loans, partially offset by a lower balance on our revolving credit facility.
Income tax expense. Income tax expense primarily reflects state income taxes payable in certain jurisdictions.
Equity in earnings of an investee.  Equity in earnings of an investee represents our proportionate share of earnings from AIC.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 
We provide below calculations of our funds from operations, or FFO, normalized funds from operations, or Normalized FFO, and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. These measures should be considered in conjunction with net income, net income attributable to common shareholders and operating income as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. These measures do not represent cash generated by operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered alternatives to net income, net income attributable to common shareholders or operating income as indicators of our operating performance or as measures of our liquidity. Other REITs and real estate companies may calculate FFO, Normalized FFO or NOI differently than we do.
Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations 
We calculate FFO and Normalized FFO as shown below. FFO is calculated on the basis defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or Nareit, which is net income attributable to common shareholders, calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding any gain or loss on sale of real estate and loss on impairment of real estate assets, if any, plus real estate depreciation and amortization and the difference between net income attributable to common shareholders and FFO attributable to noncontrolling interest, as well as certain other adjustments currently not applicable to us. Our calculation of Normalized FFO differs from Nareit’s definition of FFO because we include business management incentive fees, if any, only in the fourth quarter versus the quarter when they are recognized as expense in accordance with GAAP due to their quarterly volatility not necessarily being indicative of our core operating performance and the uncertainty as to whether any such business management incentive fees will be payable when all contingencies for determining such fees are known at the end of the calendar year, and we exclude acquisition and certain other transaction related costs expensed under GAAP such as legal and professional fees associated with our acquisition and disposition activities, gains and losses on early extinguishment of debt, if any, unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net, if any, and Normalized FFO from noncontrolling interest, net of FFO, if any. We consider FFO and Normalized FFO to be appropriate supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT, along with net income, net income attributable to common shareholders and operating income. We believe that FFO and Normalized FFO provide useful information to investors, because by excluding the effects of certain historical amounts, such as depreciation and amortization expense, FFO and Normalized FFO may facilitate a comparison of our operating performance between periods and with other REITs. FFO and Normalized FFO are among the factors considered by our Board of Trustees when determining the amount of distributions to our shareholders. Other factors include, but are not limited to, requirements to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT, limitations in our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our public debt covenants, the availability to us of debt and equity capital, our expectation of our future capital requirements and operating performance and our expected needs for and availability of cash to pay our obligations.  
Our calculations of FFO and Normalized FFO for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and reconciliations of net income attributable to common shareholders, the most directly comparable financial measure under GAAP reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements, to FFO and Normalized FFO appear in the following table. This table also provides a comparison of distributions to shareholders, FFO, Normalized FFO and net income attributable to common shareholders per share for these periods. 

28


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
236,022

 
$
32,155

Depreciation and amortization expense
 
70,339

 
73,175

FFO allocated to noncontrolling interest
 
(5,300
)
 
(456
)
Gain on sale of properties
 
(181,154
)
 

FFO
 
119,907

 
104,874

 
 
 
 
 
Estimated business management incentive fees (1)
 
14,347

 
3,266

Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 
20

 
292

Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
130

 

Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 
(27,241
)
 

Normalized FFO
 
$
107,163

 
$
108,432

 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding (basic)
 
237,478

 
237,391

Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted)
 
237,493

 
237,416

 
 
 
 
 
Per common share data (basic and diluted):
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders
 
$
0.99

 
$
0.14

FFO
 
$
0.50

 
$
0.44

Normalized FFO
 
$
0.45

 
$
0.46

Distributions declared per common share
 
$
0.39

 
$
0.39

(1)
Incentive fees under our business management agreement are payable after the end of each calendar year, are calculated based on common share total return, as defined, and are included in general and administrative expense in our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In calculating net income attributable to common shareholders in accordance with GAAP, we recognize estimated business management incentive fee expense, if any, in the first, second and third quarters. Although we recognize this expense, if any, in the first, second and third quarters for purposes of calculating net income attributable to common shareholders, we do not include these amounts in the calculation of Normalized FFO until the fourth quarter, when the amount of the business management incentive fee expense for the calendar year, if any, is determined. 
Property Net Operating Income (NOI) 
We calculate NOI as shown below. The calculation of NOI excludes certain components of net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to our property level results of operations. We define NOI as income from our real estate less our property operating expenses. NOI excludes amortization of capitalized tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions that we record as depreciation and amortization. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it may help both investors and management to understand the operations of our properties. We use NOI to evaluate individual and company wide property level performance, and we believe that NOI provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are generated and incurred at the property level and may facilitate comparisons of our operating performance between periods and with other REITs.  
The calculation of NOI by reportable segment is included above in this Item 2.  The following table includes the reconciliation of net income to NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

29


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
Reconciliation of Net Income to NOI:
 
 

 
 

Net income
 
$
237,405

 
$
32,281

Gain on sale of properties
 
(181,154
)
 

Income before gain on sale of properties
 
56,251

 
32,281

 
 
 
 
 
Equity in earnings of an investee
 
(44
)
 
(128
)
Income tax expense
 
260

 
92

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and equity in earnings of an investee
 
56,467

 
32,245

Loss on early extinguishment of debt
 
130

 

Interest expense
 
43,552

 
43,488

Interest and other income
 
(54
)
 
(120
)
Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, net
 
(27,241
)
 

Dividend income
 
(659
)
 
(659
)
Operating income
 
72,195

 
74,954

 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition and certain other transaction related costs
 
20

 
292

General and administrative expense
 
25,118

 
15,083

Depreciation and amortization expense
 
70,339

 
73,175

Total NOI
 
$
167,672

 
$
163,504

 
 
 
 
 
Triple net leased communities NOI
 
$
67,975

 
$
67,252

Managed communities NOI
 
24,882

 
24,238

MOB NOI
 
70,213

 
67,469

All other operations NOI
 
4,602

 
4,545

Total NOI
 
$
167,672

 
$
163,504

 
 
 
 
 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 
Our principal sources of funds to meet operating and capital expenses and debt service obligations and to pay distributions on our common shares are the operating cash flows we generate as rental income from our leased properties, residents fees and services revenues from our managed communities and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We believe that these sources will be sufficient to meet our operating and capital expenses and debt service obligations and pay distributions on our common shares for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter. Our future cash flows from operating activities will depend primarily upon:
our ability to maintain or increase the occupancy of, and the rental rates at, our properties;
our ability to control operating expenses and capital expenses at our properties;
our manager's ability to operate our managed senior living communities so as to maintain or increase our returns; and
our ability to purchase additional properties which produce cash flows in excess of our cost of acquisition capital and the related property operating expenses.
Our Operating Liquidity and Resources 
We generally receive minimum rents monthly or quarterly from our tenants, we receive percentage rents from our senior living community tenants monthly, quarterly or annually and we receive residents fees and services revenues, net of expenses, from our managed senior living communities monthly. Our changes in cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 were as follows: (1) cash provided by operating activities decreased to $84.0 million in 2018 from $114.1 million in 2017; (2) cash provided by investing activities increased to $80.3 million in 2018

30


from cash used in investing activities of $44.5 million in 2017; and (3) cash used in financing activities increased to $158.5 million in 2018 from $69.8 million in 2017
The decrease in cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the prior year was primarily due to the payment of business management incentive fee expense of $55.7 million in January 2018. Cash provided by investing activities increased in 2018 primarily due to proceeds from the sale of properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018, partially offset by acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the prior year was due primarily to repayments of amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility during the three months ended March 31, 2018, partially offset by net proceeds from our February 2018 issuance of senior unsecured notes.
Our Investment and Financing Liquidity and Resources 
As of March 31, 2018, we had $39.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $945.0 million available to borrow under our revolving credit facility. We typically use cash balances, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, net proceeds from offerings of debt or equity securities and the cash flows from our operations to fund our operations, debt repayments, distributions, property acquisitions, capital expenditures and other general business purposes.
In order to fund acquisitions and to meet cash needs that may result from timing differences between our receipt of rents and our desire or need to make distributions or pay operating or capital expenses, we maintain a $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The maturity date of our revolving credit facility is January 15, 2022, and, subject to the payment of an extension fee and meeting other conditions, we have the option to extend the maturity date of the facility for an additional year. Our revolving credit facility provides that we can borrow, repay and re-borrow funds available under our revolving credit facility until maturity, and no principal repayment is due until maturity. The facility also includes a feature pursuant to which in certain circumstances maximum borrowings under the facility may be increased to up to $2.0 billion. Our revolving credit facility requires annual interest to be paid on borrowings at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium (currently 120 basis points per annum) that is subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings, plus a facility fee of 25 basis points per annum on the total amount of lending commitments. As of March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate required on borrowings under our revolving credit facility was 2.9%. As of March 31, 2018 and May 9, 2018, we had $55.0 million and $35.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility, respectively. 
When significant amounts are outstanding under our revolving credit facility, or as the maturities of our indebtedness approach, we intend to explore refinancing alternatives. Such alternatives may include incurring additional debt, selling certain properties and issuing new equity securities. In addition, we may also seek to participate in joint ventures or other arrangements that may provide us additional sources of financing. We currently have an effective shelf registration statement that allows us to issue public securities on an expedited basis, but it does not assure that there will be buyers for such securities. We may also assume debt in connection with our acquisitions of properties or place new debt on properties we own. 
We have a $350.0 million unsecured term loan that matures on January 15, 2020. This term loan includes a feature under which maximum borrowings may be increased to up to $700.0 million in certain circumstances. This term loan requires interest to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium (currently 140 basis points per annum) that is subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. As of March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate payable on amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.1%.
We also have a $200.0 million unsecured term loan that matures on September 28, 2022. This term loan includes a feature under which maximum borrowings may be increased to up to $400.0 million in certain circumstances. This term loan requires interest to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus a premium (currently 135 basis points per annum) that is subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings. As of March 31, 2018, the annual interest rate payable on amounts outstanding under this term loan was 3.2%.
In January 2018, we prepaid, at par plus accrued interest, a mortgage note secured by one of our properties with an outstanding principal balance of approximately $4.3 million, a maturity date in September 2043 and an annual interest rate of 4.375%. We funded this prepayment with cash on hand. 
In February 2018, we issued $500.0 million of 4.75% senior unsecured notes due 2028. We used the net proceeds of this offering to reduce amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

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In January 2018, we acquired three MOBs (three buildings) located in Kansas, Missouri and California with a total of approximately 400,000 square feet for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $91.2 million, excluding closing costs. We funded these acquisitions with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.  
In March 2018, we acquired one MOB (one building) located in Virginia with approximately 135,000 square feet for a purchase price of approximately $22.8 million, including the assumption of a $11.1 million mortgage note and excluding closing costs. We funded this acquisition with cash on hand, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and the assumption of the mortgage note described above.
In November 2017, we entered a transaction agreement with Five Star pursuant to which we agreed to acquire six senior living communities from Five Star. In December 2017, we acquired two of these senior living communities for approximately $39.2 million, excluding closing costs. In January 2018, we acquired one of these senior living communities for approximately $19.7 million, excluding closing costs. In February 2018, we acquired one of these senior living communities for approximately $22.3 million, including the assumption of a $16.7 million mortgage note and excluding closing costs. We funded these acquisitions with cash on hand, borrowings under our revolving credit facility and the assumption of the mortgage note described above. In connection with our acquisition of these senior living communities, we entered management and pooling agreements with Five Star for Five Star to manage these senior living communities for us. The closings of the acquisitions of the remaining two senior living communities for an aggregate purchase price of $23.3 million, including the assumption of approximately $16.8 million of mortgage notes, are expected to occur by the end of the second quarter of 2018 as third party approvals are received and we expect to enter management and pooling agreements with Five Star concurrent with those acquisitions.
In March 2018, we sold two triple net leased senior living communities that were leased to Sunrise for an aggregate sales price of $217.0 million, excluding closing costs, resulting in a gain of approximately $181.2 million. We have agreed to sell an additional senior living community leased to Sunrise, and we expect the closing of this sale to occur before the end of the second quarter of 2018. We expect to realize a gain of approximately $80.0 million related to this sale. We recognized rental income of $2.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to these three communities.
In March 2018, we agreed to sell one SNF leased to Five Star for approximately $6.5 million, excluding closing costs. We expect the closing of this sale to occur before the end of 2018. Rental income will be reduced in accordance with our lease with Five Star upon the sale of this SNF.
Our pending acquisitions and sales are subject to conditions; accordingly, we may not acquire or sell these properties, as applicable, or these acquisitions or sales may be delayed or the terms of these acquisitions or sales and any related management and pooling agreements may change.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we invested $2.2 million in capital improvements at certain of our triple net leased senior living communities, and, as a result, annualized rental income payable to us increased by approximately $150,000 pursuant to the terms of the applicable leases. We used cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility to fund these purchases.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, amounts capitalized for leasing costs and building improvements at our MOBs and capital expenditures at our managed senior living communities were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
MOB tenant improvements (1)
$
1,600

 
$
2,265

MOB leasing costs (2)
422

 
1,090

MOB building improvements (3)
2,556

 
1,583

Managed senior living communities capital improvements
2,407

 
3,786

Development, redevelopment and other activities (4)
3,221

 
9,492

Total capital expenditures
$
10,206

 
$
18,216

(1)
MOB tenant improvements generally include capital expenditures to improve tenants’ space or amounts paid directly to tenants to improve their space.

32


(2)
MOB leasing costs generally include leasing related costs, such as brokerage commissions and tenant inducements.
(3)
MOB building improvements generally include capital expenditures to replace obsolete building components and capital expenditures that extend the useful life of existing assets.
(4)
Development, redevelopment and other activities generally include (i) capital expenditures that are identified at the time of acquisition of a property and incurred within a short period thereafter and (ii) capital expenditure projects that reposition a property or result in new sources of revenues. 
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, commitments made for expenditures in connection with leasing space in our MOBs, such as tenant improvements and leasing costs, were as follows (dollars and square feet in thousands, except per square foot amounts):
 
 
New Leases
 
Renewals
 
Total
Square feet leased during the quarter
 
27

 
69

 
96

Total leasing costs and concession commitments (1)
 
$
1,030

 
$
677

 
$
1,707

Total leasing costs and concession commitments per square foot (1)
 
$
37.49

 
$
9.80

 
$
17.68

Weighted average lease term (years) (2)
 
4.9

 
5.1

 
5.1

Total leasing costs and concession commitments per square foot per year (1)
 
$
7.59

 
$
1.93

 
$
3.49

(1)
Includes commitments made for leasing expenditures and concessions, such as tenant improvements, leasing commissions, tenant reimbursements and free rent.
(2)
Weighted based on annualized rental income pursuant to existing leases as of March 31, 2018, including straight line rent adjustments and estimated recurring expense reimbursements, and excluding lease value amortization. 
We funded or expect to fund the foregoing capital commitments at our MOBs using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
As of March 31, 2018, we have estimated unspent leasing related obligations at our triple net leased senior living communities and our MOBs of approximately $21.8 million
On February 22, 2018, we paid a regular quarterly distribution to common shareholders of $0.39 per share, or approximately $92.7 million, that was declared on January 19, 2018 and was payable to shareholders of record on January 29, 2018. On April 19, 2018, we declared a regular quarterly distribution payable to common shareholders of record on April 30, 2018 of $0.39 per share, or approximately $92.7 million. We expect to pay this distribution on or about May 17, 2018 using cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. 
We believe we will have access to various types of financings, including debt or equity offerings, to fund our future acquisitions and to pay our debts and other obligations as they become due. Our ability to complete, and the costs associated with, future debt transactions depends primarily upon credit market conditions and our then creditworthiness. We have no control over market conditions. Our credit ratings depend upon evaluations by credit rating agencies of our business practices and plans, including our ability to maintain our earnings, to stagger our debt maturities and to balance our use of debt and equity capital so that our financial performance and leverage ratios afford us flexibility to withstand any reasonably anticipated adverse changes. Similarly, our ability to raise equity capital in the future will depend primarily upon equity capital market conditions and our ability to conduct our business to maintain and grow our operating cash flows. We intend to conduct our business activities in a manner which will afford us reasonable access to capital for investment and financing activities, but we cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully carry out that intention.
Our strategy related to property acquisitions and dispositions is materially unchanged from that disclosed in our Annual Report. We continue to explore and evaluate for possible acquisition additional properties primarily for income and secondarily for appreciation potential; however, we cannot be sure that we will reach any agreement to acquire such properties, or that if we do reach any such agreement, that we will complete any acquisitions. Generally, we identify properties for sale based on changes in market conditions in the area where the property is located, our expectations regarding the property's future financial performance, our expectation regarding lease renewals, our plans with regard to particular properties or alternative opportunities we may wish to pursue. Our plans for particular properties and other strategic considerations may cause us to change our acquisition and disposition strategies, and we may do so at any time and without shareholder approval. 

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Off Balance Sheet Arrangements 
As of March 31, 2018, we had no off balance sheet arrangements that have had or that we expect would be reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 
Debt Covenants 
Our principal debt obligations at March 31, 2018 were: (1) outstanding borrowings under our $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility; (2) seven public issuances of senior unsecured notes, including: (a) $400.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 3.25% due 2019, (b) $200.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.75% due 2020, (c) $300.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.75% due 2021, (d) $250.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 4.75% due 2024, (e) $500.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 4.75% due 2028, (f) $350.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 5.625% due 2042 and (g) $250.0 million principal amount at an annual interest rate of 6.25% due 2046; (3) our $350.0 million principal amount unsecured term loan due 2020; (4) our $200.0 million principal amount unsecured term loan due 2022; and (5) $818.5 million aggregate principal amount of mortgage notes secured by 24 of our properties (25 buildings) with maturity dates between 2018 and 2043. We also have two properties subject to capital leases with lease obligations totaling $10.5 million at March 31, 2018; these capital leases expire, and our purchase option commences, beginning in 2026. We had $55.0 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2018. Our senior unsecured notes are governed by our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements. Our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements provide for acceleration of payment of all amounts outstanding upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default, such as, in the case of our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements, a change of control of us, as defined, which includes RMR LLC ceasing to act as our business and property manager. Our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements and our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements also contain a number of covenants which restrict our ability to incur debts, including debts secured by mortgages on our properties, in excess of calculated amounts and require us to maintain various financial ratios, and our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements contain covenants which restrict our ability to make distributions to our shareholders in certain circumstances. As of March 31, 2018, we believe we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements, our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements and our other debt obligations. 
Neither our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements, nor our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements, contain provisions for acceleration which could be triggered by our debt ratings. However, under our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements, our senior unsecured debt ratings are used to determine the fees and interest rates we pay. Accordingly, if our debt ratings are downgraded, our interest expense and related costs under our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements would increase. 
Our senior unsecured notes indentures and their supplements contain cross default provisions to any other debts of more than $20.0 million ($50.0 million or more in the case of our senior unsecured notes indenture and supplement entered in February 2016). Similarly, our revolving credit facility and term loan agreements have cross default provisions to other indebtedness that is recourse of $25.0 million or more and indebtedness that is non-recourse of $75.0 million or more. 
The loan agreements governing the aggregate $620.0 million secured debt financing on the property owned by our joint venture contain customary covenants and provide for acceleration of payment of all amounts due thereunder upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default. 
Related Person Transactions 
We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with RMR LLC, RMR Inc., Five Star and others related to them. For example: we have no employees and the personnel and various services we require to operate our business are provided to us by RMR LLC pursuant to our business and property management agreements with RMR LLC; RMR Inc. is the managing member of RMR LLC; Adam D. Portnoy, one of our Managing Trustees, is the sole trustee of ABP Trust, which is the controlling shareholder of RMR Inc.; and we own shares of class A common stock of RMR Inc. We also have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with other companies to which RMR LLC or its subsidiaries provide management services and which may have trustees, directors and officers who are also trustees, directors or officers of us, RMR LLC or RMR Inc., including: Five Star, which is our former subsidiary and largest tenant and the manager of our managed senior living communities and of which we owned, as of March 31, 2018, 8.4% of its outstanding common shares and Adam D. Portnoy beneficially owned, as of March 31, 2018, directly and indirectly as sole trustee of ABP Trust, 35.6% of its outstanding common shares; and AIC, of which we, ABP Trust, Five Star and four other companies to which RMR LLC provides management services each own 14.3% and which arranges and reinsures in part a combined property insurance program for us

34


and its six other shareholders. For further information about these and other such relationships and related person transactions, see Notes 3, 9, 10 and 11 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Annual Report, our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In addition, see the section captioned “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report for a description of risks that may arise as a result of these and other related person transactions and relationships. Our filings with the SEC and copies of certain of our agreements with these related persons, including our business and property management agreements with RMR LLC, our various agreements with Five Star and our shareholders agreement with AIC and its six other shareholders, are available as exhibits to our filings with the SEC and accessible at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. We may engage in additional transactions with related persons, including businesses to which RMR LLC or its subsidiaries provide management services.  
Impact of Government Reimbursement 
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, approximately 97% of our NOI was generated from properties where a majority of the revenues are derived from our tenants’ and residents’ private resources, and the remaining 3% of our NOI was generated from properties where a majority of the revenues are derived from Medicare and Medicaid payments. Nonetheless, we own, and our tenants and manager operate, facilities in many states that participate in federal and state healthcare payment programs, including the federal Medicare and state Medicaid programs and other federal and state healthcare payment programs. Also, some of our MOB tenants participate in federal Medicare and state Medicaid programs and other government healthcare payment programs.
Because of shifting policy priorities, the current and projected federal budget deficit, other federal spending priorities and challenging fiscal conditions in some states, there have been numerous recent legislative and regulatory actions or proposed actions with respect to federal Medicare rates, state Medicaid rates and federal payments to states for Medicaid programs. We cannot currently predict the type and magnitude of the potential Medicare and Medicaid policy changes, rate changes or other changes that may be implemented, but we believe that some of these changes will cause these government funded healthcare programs to fail to provide rates that match our and our tenants’ increasing expenses and that such changes may be material and adverse to our future financial results.
For more information regarding the government healthcare funding and regulation of our business, please see the section captioned “Business-Government Regulation and Reimbursement” in our Annual Report and the section captioned “Impact of Government Reimbursement” in our Annual Report.
Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 
We are exposed to risks associated with market changes in interest rates. We manage our exposure to this market risk by monitoring available financing alternatives. Our strategy to manage exposure to changes in interest rates has not materially changed since December 31, 2017. Other than as described below, we do not currently foresee any significant changes in our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates or in how we manage this exposure in the near future. 

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Fixed Rate Debt 
At March 31, 2018, our outstanding fixed rate debt included the following (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Annual
 
Annual
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal
 
Interest
 
Interest
 
 
 
Interest
Debt
 
Balance (1)
 
Rate (1)
 
Expense
 
Maturity
 
Payments Due   
Senior unsecured notes
 
$
500,000

 
4.75
%
 
$
23,750

 
2028
 
Semi-Annually
Senior unsecured notes
 
400,000

 
3.25
%
 
13,000

 
2019
 
Semi-Annually
Senior unsecured notes
 
350,000

 
5.63
%
 
19,705

 
2042
 
Quarterly
Senior unsecured notes
 
300,000

 
6.75
%
 
20,250

 
2021
 
Semi-Annually
Senior unsecured notes
 
250,000

 
4.75
%
 
11,875

 
2024
 
Semi-Annually
Senior unsecured notes
 
250,000

 
6.25
%
 
15,625

 
2046
 
Quarterly
Senior unsecured notes
 
200,000

 
6.75
%
 
13,500

 
2020
 
Semi-Annually
Mortgage notes
 
12,493

 
6.31
%
 
788

 
2018
 
Monthly
Mortgage notes
 
11,803

 
6.24
%
 
737

 
2018
 
Monthly
Mortgage notes
 
67,182

 
4.47
%
 
3,003

 
2018
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
6,394

 
4.69
%
 
300

 
2019
 
Monthly
Mortgage notes
 
43,320

 
3.79
%
 
1,642

 
2019
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
2,465

 
7.49
%
 
185

 
2022
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
13,596

 
6.28
%
 
854

 
2022
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
11,340

 
4.85
%
 
550

 
2022
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
16,711

 
6.64
%
 
1,110

 
2023
 
Monthly
Mortgage notes (2)
 
620,000

 
3.53
%
 
21,886

 
2026
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
2,118

 
6.25
%
 
132

 
2033
 
Monthly
Mortgage note
 
11,035

 
4.44
%
 
490

 
2043
 
Monthly
 
 
$
3,068,457

 
 
 
$
149,382

 
 
 
 
(1)
The principal balances and interest rates are the amounts stated in the applicable contracts. In accordance with GAAP, our carrying values and recorded interest expense may differ from these amounts because of market conditions at the time we assumed these debts. This table does not include obligations under capital leases.
(2)
The property encumbered by these mortgages is subject to a joint venture in which we own a 55% equity interest.
No principal repayments are due under our unsecured notes until maturity. Our mortgage notes generally require principal and interest payments through maturity pursuant to amortization schedules. Because these debts require interest to be paid at a fixed rate, changes in market interest rates during the term of these debts will not affect our interest obligations.
If these debts were refinanced at interest rates which are one percentage point higher or lower than shown above, our annual interest cost would increase or decrease by approximately $30.7 million
Changes in market interest rates also would affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations; increases in market interest rates decrease the fair value of our fixed rate debt, while decreases in market interest rates increase the fair value of our fixed rate debt. Based on the balances outstanding at March 31, 2018, and discounted cash flows analyses through the respective maturity dates, and assuming no other changes in factors that may affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt obligations, a hypothetical immediate one percentage point change in interest rates would change the fair value of those obligations by approximately $48.3 million
Our senior unsecured notes and certain of our mortgages contain provisions that allow us to make repayments earlier than the stated maturity date. In some cases, we are not allowed to make early repayment prior to a cutoff date and we are generally allowed to make prepayments only at a premium equal to a make whole amount, as defined, which is generally designed to preserve a stated yield to the noteholder. In the past, we have repurchased and retired some of our outstanding debts and we may do so again in the future. These prepayment rights and our ability to repurchase and retire outstanding debt may afford us opportunities to mitigate the risk of refinancing our debts at maturity at higher rates by refinancing prior to maturity.

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Floating Rate Debt 
At March 31, 2018, our floating rate debt obligations consisted of our $1.0 billion revolving credit facility under which we had $55.0 million outstanding, our $350.0 million term loan and our $200.0 million term loan. Our revolving credit facility matures on January 15, 2022 and subject to our payment of an extension fee and our meeting other conditions, we have the option to extend the stated maturity date by one year to January 2023. No principal repayments are required under our revolving credit facility prior to maturity, and we can borrow, repay and re-borrow funds available, subject to conditions, at any time without penalty. Our $350.0 million term loan matures on January 15, 2020, and our $200.0 million term loan matures on September 28, 2022. Our $350.0 million term loan and our $200.0 million term loan are prepayable without penalty at any time. 
Borrowings under our revolving credit facility and term loans are in U.S. dollars and interest is required to be paid at the rate of LIBOR plus premiums that are subject to adjustment based upon changes to our credit ratings.  Accordingly, we are exposed to interest rate risk for changes in U.S. dollar based short term rates, specifically LIBOR.  In addition, upon renewal or refinancing of our revolving credit facility or our term loans, we are vulnerable to increases in interest rate premiums due to market conditions or our perceived credit characteristics. Generally, a change in interest rates would not affect the value of our floating rate debt but would affect our operating results. 
The following table presents the impact a one percentage point increase in interest rates would have on our annual floating rate interest expense as of March 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands except per share amounts): 
 
 
Impact of Changes in Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
Total Interest
 
Annual Earnings
 
 
Interest Rate (1)
 
Floating Rate Debt
 
Expense Per Year
 
Per Share Impact (2)
At March 31, 2018
 
3.11
%
 
$
605,000

 
$
18,816

 
$
0.08

One percentage point increase
 
4.11
%
 
$
605,000

 
$
24,866

 
$
0.10

(1)
Weighted based on the respective interest rates and outstanding borrowings under our credit facility and term loans as of March 31, 2018.
(2)
Based on weighted average number of shares outstanding (diluted) for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
The following table presents the impact a one percentage point increase in interest rates would have on our annual floating rate interest expense as of March 31, 2018 if we were fully drawn on our revolving credit facility and our term loans remained outstanding (dollars in thousands except per share amounts):
 
 
Impact of Changes in Interest Rates
 
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
Total Interest
 
Annual Earnings
 
 
Interest Rate (1)
 
Floating Rate Debt
 
Expense Per Year
 
Per Share Impact (2)
At March 31, 2018
 
3.00
%
 
$
1,550,000

 
$
46,500

 
$
0.20

One percentage point increase
 
4.00
%
 
$
1,550,000

 
$
62,000

 
$
0.26

(1)
Weighted based on the respective interest rates and outstanding borrowings under our credit facility (assuming fully drawn) and term loans as of March 31, 2018.
(2)
Based on weighted average number of shares outstanding (diluted) for the three months ended March 31, 2018
The foregoing tables show the impact of an immediate increase in floating interest rates. If interest rates were to increase gradually over time, the impact would be spread over time. Our exposure to fluctuations in floating interest rates will increase or decrease in the future with increases or decreases in the amount of our borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility or other floating rate debt. 
Although we have no present plans to do so, we may in the future enter into hedge arrangements from time to time to mitigate our exposure to changes in interest rates.

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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.
 
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Managing Trustees, our President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our Managing Trustees, our President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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WARNING CONCERNING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q CONTAINS STATEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 AND OTHER SECURITIES LAWS. ALSO, WHENEVER WE USE WORDS SUCH AS “BELIEVE”, “EXPECT”, “ANTICIPATE”, “INTEND”, “PLAN”, “ESTIMATE” , "WILL", "MAY" AND     NEGATIVES OR DERIVATIVES OF THESE OR SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS, WE ARE MAKING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE BASED UPON OUR PRESENT INTENT, BELIEFS OR EXPECTATIONS, BUT FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEED TO OCCUR AND MAY NOT OCCUR. FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS IN THIS REPORT RELATE TO VARIOUS ASPECTS OF OUR BUSINESS, INCLUDING:
OUR POLICIES AND PLANS REGARDING INVESTMENTS, FINANCINGS AND DISPOSITIONS,
OUR ABILITY TO RETAIN OUR EXISTING TENANTS, ATTRACT NEW TENANTS AND MAINTAIN OR INCREASE CURRENT RENTAL RATES,
THE CREDIT QUALITIES OF OUR TENANTS,
OUR ABILITY TO COMPETE FOR ACQUISITIONS AND TENANCIES EFFECTIVELY,
OUR ACQUISITIONS AND SALES OF PROPERTIES,
THE ABILITY OF THE MANAGER OF OUR MANAGED SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES TO MAINTAIN AND INCREASE OCCUPANCY, REVENUES AND OPERATING INCOME AT THOSE COMMUNITIES,
OUR ABILITY TO PAY DISTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS AND TO SUSTAIN THE AMOUNT OF SUCH DISTRIBUTIONS,
OUR ABILITY TO RAISE DEBT OR EQUITY CAPITAL,
THE FUTURE AVAILABILITY OF BORROWINGS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY,
OUR ABILITY TO PAY INTEREST ON AND PRINCIPAL OF OUR DEBT,
OUR ABILITY TO APPROPRIATELY BALANCE OUR USE OF DEBT AND EQUITY CAPITAL,
OUR CREDIT RATINGS,
OUR EXPECTATION THAT WE BENEFIT FROM OUR OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS WITH RMR INC.,
OUR EXPECTATION THAT WE BENEFIT FROM OUR OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN AND OTHER RELATIONSHIPS WITH AIC AND FROM OUR PARTICIPATION IN INSURANCE PROGRAMS ARRANGED BY AIC,
OUR QUALIFICATION FOR TAXATION AS A REIT,
OUR BELIEF THAT THE AGING U.S. POPULATION AND INCREASING LIFE SPANS OF SENIORS WILL INCREASE THE DEMAND FOR SENIOR LIVING SERVICES, WELLNESS CENTERS AND OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE RELATED PROPERTIES,
OUR BELIEF THAT FIVE STAR, OUR FORMER SUBSIDIARY AND LARGEST TENANT AND THE MANAGER OF OUR MANAGED SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES, HAS ADEQUATE FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY AND THE ABILITY TO MEET ITS OBLIGATIONS TO US AND TO MANAGE OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES SUCCESSFULLY, AND
OTHER MATTERS.

39


OUR ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE CONTAINED IN OR IMPLIED BY OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FACTORS. FACTORS THAT COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AND UPON OUR BUSINESS, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, FINANCIAL CONDITION, FFO, NORMALIZED FFO, NOI, CASH FLOWS, LIQUIDITY AND PROSPECTS INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
THE IMPACT OF CONDITIONS AND CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY AND THE CAPITAL MARKETS ON US AND OUR TENANTS AND MANAGERS,
COMPLIANCE WITH, AND CHANGES TO, FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS, ACCOUNTING RULES, TAX LAWS AND SIMILAR MATTERS,
LIMITATIONS IMPOSED ON OUR BUSINESS AND OUR ABILITY TO SATISFY COMPLEX RULES IN ORDER FOR US TO QUALIFY FOR TAXATION AS A REIT FOR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES,
COMPETITION WITHIN THE HEALTHCARE AND REAL ESTATE INDUSTRIES,
THE IMPACT OF THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT, AS AMENDED BY THE HEALTH CARE AND EDUCATION RECONCILIATION ACT, OR COLLECTIVELY, THE ACA, OR THE POSSIBLE FUTURE REPEAL, REPLACEMENT OR MODIFICATION OF THE ACA AND OTHER EXISTING OR PROPOSED LEGISLATION OR REGULATIONS ON US, ON OUR TENANTS AND MANAGERS, AND ON THEIR ABILITY TO PAY OUR RENTS AND RETURNS,
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST WITH OUR RELATED PARTIES, INCLUDING OUR MANAGING TRUSTEES, FIVE STAR, RMR LLC, RMR INC., AIC, AND OTHERS AFFILIATED WITH THEM, AND
ACTS OF TERRORISM, OUTBREAKS OF SO CALLED PANDEMICS OR OTHER MANMADE OR NATURAL DISASTERS BEYOND OUR CONTROL.
FOR EXAMPLE:
FIVE STAR IS OUR LARGEST TENANT AND THE MANAGER OF OUR MANAGED SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES AND IT MAY EXPERIENCE FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES AS A RESULT OF A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO:
CHANGES IN MEDICARE OR MEDICAID POLICIES, INCLUDING THOSE THAT MAY RESULT FROM THE ACA OR THE POSSIBLE FUTURE REPEAL, REPLACEMENT OR MODIFICATION OF THE ACA AND OTHER EXISTING OR PROPOSED LEGISLATION OR REGULATIONS, WHICH COULD RESULT IN REDUCED MEDICARE OR MEDICAID RATES OR A FAILURE OF SUCH RATES TO COVER FIVE STAR’S COSTS OR LIMIT THE SCOPE OR FUNDING OF EITHER OR BOTH PROGRAMS,
THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY AND THE CAPITAL MARKETS ON FIVE STAR AND ITS RESIDENTS AND OTHER CUSTOMERS,
COMPETITION WITHIN THE SENIOR LIVING SERVICES BUSINESS,
INCREASES IN TORT AND INSURANCE LIABILITY COSTS,
INCREASES IN COMPLIANCE COSTS, AND
INCREASES IN FIVE STAR’S LABOR COSTS OR IN COSTS FIVE STAR PAYS FOR GOODS AND SERVICES.
IF FIVE STAR’S OPERATIONS CONTINUE TO BE UNPROFITABLE, IT MAY DEFAULT ON ITS RENT OBLIGATIONS TO US,
IF FIVE STAR FAILS TO PROVIDE QUALITY SERVICES AT SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES THAT WE OWN, OUR INCOME FROM THESE COMMUNITIES MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED,

40


IN RESPONSE TO COMPETITIVE PRESSURES RESULTING FROM RECENT AND EXPECTED NEW SUPPLY OF SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES, WE HAVE BEEN INVESTING IN IMPROVEMENTS TO OUR EXISTING SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES. OUR COMMUNITIES MAY FAIL TO BE COMPETITIVE AND THEY MAY FAIL TO ATTRACT RESIDENTS, DESPITE OUR CAPITAL INVESTMENTS,
OUR OTHER TENANTS MAY EXPERIENCE LOSSES AND DEFAULT ON THEIR RENT OBLIGATIONS TO US,
SOME OF OUR TENANTS MAY NOT RENEW EXPIRING LEASES, AND WE MAY BE UNABLE TO OBTAIN NEW TENANTS TO MAINTAIN OR INCREASE THE HISTORICAL OCCUPANCY RATES OF, OR RENTS FROM, OUR PROPERTIES,
OUR ABILITY TO MAKE FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS AND TO MAKE PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST ON OUR INDEBTEDNESS DEPENDS UPON A NUMBER OF FACTORS, INCLUDING OUR FUTURE EARNINGS, THE CAPITAL COSTS WE INCUR TO LEASE AND OPERATE OUR PROPERTIES AND OUR WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO PAY OUR DEBT OBLIGATIONS OR TO MAINTAIN OUR CURRENT RATE OF DISTRIBUTIONS ON OUR COMMON SHARES AND FUTURE DISTRIBUTIONS MAY BE REDUCED OR ELIMINATED,
OUR ABILITY TO GROW OUR BUSINESS AND INCREASE OUR DISTRIBUTIONS DEPENDS IN LARGE PART UPON OUR ABILITY TO BUY PROPERTIES AND ARRANGE FOR THEIR PROFITABLE OPERATION OR LEASE THEM FOR RENTS, LESS THEIR PROPERTY OPERATING EXPENSES, THAT EXCEED OUR CAPITAL COSTS. WE MAY BE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY PROPERTIES THAT WE WANT TO ACQUIRE OR TO NEGOTIATE ACCEPTABLE PURCHASE PRICES, ACQUISITION FINANCING, MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS OR LEASE TERMS FOR NEW PROPERTIES,
RENTS THAT WE CAN CHARGE AT OUR PROPERTIES MAY DECLINE BECAUSE OF CHANGING MARKET CONDITIONS OR OTHERWISE,
CONTINGENCIES IN OUR ACQUISITION AND SALE AGREEMENTS MAY NOT BE SATISFIED AND OUR PENDING ACQUISITIONS AND SALES AND ANY RELATED LEASES OR MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS WE MAY EXPECT TO ENTER INTO MAY NOT OCCUR, MAY BE DELAYED OR THE TERMS OF SUCH TRANSACTIONS OR ARRANGEMENTS MAY CHANGE,
WE EXPECT TO ENTER INTO ADDITIONAL LEASE OR MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS WITH FIVE STAR FOR ADDITIONAL SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES THAT WE OWN OR MAY ACQUIRE IN THE FUTURE. HOWEVER, WE CANNOT BE SURE THAT WE WILL ENTER INTO ANY ADDITIONAL LEASES, MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS OR OTHER TRANSACTIONS WITH FIVE STAR,
CONTINUED AVAILABILITY OF BORROWINGS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY IS SUBJECT TO OUR SATISFYING CERTAIN FINANCIAL COVENANTS AND OTHER CREDIT FACILITY CONDITIONS THAT WE MAY BE UNABLE TO SATISFY, 
ACTUAL COSTS UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY OR OTHER FLOATING RATE DEBT WILL BE HIGHER THAN LIBOR PLUS A PREMIUM BECAUSE OF FEES AND EXPENSES ASSOCIATED WITH SUCH DEBT, 
THE MAXIMUM BORROWING AVAILABILITY UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOANS MAY BE INCREASED TO UP TO $3.1 BILLION ON A COMBINED BASIS IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES. HOWEVER, INCREASING THE MAXIMUM BORROWING AVAILABILITY UNDER OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOANS IS SUBJECT TO OUR OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COMMITMENTS FROM LENDERS, WHICH MAY NOT OCCUR,
WE HAVE THE OPTION TO EXTEND THE MATURITY DATE OF OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY UPON PAYMENT OF A FEE AND MEETING OTHER CONDITIONS;  HOWEVER, THE APPLICABLE CONDITIONS MAY NOT BE MET,
THE PREMIUMS USED TO DETERMINE THE INTEREST RATE PAYABLE ON OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND TERM LOANS AND THE FACILITY FEE PAYABLE ON OUR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

41


ARE BASED ON OUR CREDIT RATINGS.  FUTURE CHANGES IN OUR CREDIT RATINGS MAY CAUSE THE INTEREST AND FEES WE PAY TO INCREASE,
WE MAY BE UNABLE TO REPAY OUR DEBT OBLIGATIONS WHEN THEY BECOME DUE,
WE INTEND TO CONDUCT OUR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN A MANNER THAT WILL AFFORD US REASONABLE ACCESS TO CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES. HOWEVER, WE MAY NOT SUCCEED IN THIS REGARD AND WE MAY NOT HAVE REASONABLE ACCESS TO CAPITAL,
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018, APPROXIMATELY 97% OF OUR NOI WAS GENERATED FROM PROPERTIES WHERE A MAJORITY OF THE REVENUES ARE DERIVED FROM OUR TENANTS’ AND RESIDENTS’ PRIVATE RESOURCES.  THIS MAY IMPLY THAT WE WILL MAINTAIN OR INCREASE THE PERCENTAGE OF OUR NOI GENERATED FROM PRIVATE RESOURCES AT OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES.  HOWEVER, OUR RESIDENTS AND PATIENTS MAY BECOME UNABLE TO FUND OUR CHARGES WITH PRIVATE RESOURCES AND WE MAY BE REQUIRED OR MAY ELECT FOR BUSINESS REASONS TO ACCEPT OR PURSUE REVENUES FROM GOVERNMENT SOURCES, WHICH COULD RESULT IN AN INCREASED PART OF OUR NOI AND REVENUE BEING GENERATED FROM GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS AND OUR BECOMING MORE DEPENDENT ON GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS,
CIRCUMSTANCES THAT ADVERSELY AFFECT THE ABILITY OF SENIORS OR THEIR FAMILIES TO PAY FOR OUR TENANTS' AND MANAGER'S SERVICES, SUCH AS ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, WEAK HOUSING MARKET CONDITIONS, HIGHER LEVELS OF UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG OUR RESIDENTS' FAMILY MEMBERS, LOWER LEVELS OF CONSUMER CONFIDENCE, STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY AND/OR CHANGES IN DEMOGRAPHICS GENERALLY COULD AFFECT THE PROFITABILITY OF OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES,
AS OF MARCH 31, 2018, WE HAD ESTIMATED UNSPENT LEASING RELATED OBLIGATIONS OF $21.8 MILLION. IT IS DIFFICULT TO ACCURATELY ESTIMATE TENANT SPACE PREPARATION COSTS. OUR UNSPENT LEASING RELATED OBLIGATIONS MAY COST MORE OR LESS AND MAY TAKE LONGER TO COMPLETE THAN WE CURRENTLY EXPECT, AND WE MAY INCUR INCREASING AMOUNTS FOR THESE AND SIMILAR PURPOSES IN THE FUTURE,
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SELL PROPERTIES THAT WE MAY DETERMINE TO OFFER FOR SALE ON TERMS ACCEPTABLE TO US OR OTHERWISE, AND WE MAY INCUR LOSSES ON ANY SUCH SALES OR IN CONNECTION WITH DECISIONS TO PURSUE SELLING OUR PROPERTIES,
WE AGREED TO ACQUIRE TWO SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES FOR APPROXIMATELY $23.3 MILLION, INCLUDING OUR ASSUMPTION OF APPROXIMATELY $16.8 MILLION OF MORTGAGE DEBT AND EXCLUDING CLOSING COSTS. WE EXPECT TO ENTER MANAGEMENT AND POOLING AGREEMENTS WITH FIVE STAR FOR FIVE STAR TO MANAGE THESE SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES FOR US. THESE ACQUISITIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS. THESE CONDITIONS MAY NOT BE MET AND THESE ACQUISITIONS AND ANY RELATED MANAGEMENT AND POOLING AGREEMENTS MAY NOT OCCUR, MAY BE DELAYED BEYOND THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2018 OR THEIR TERMS MAY CHANGE,
WE AGREED TO SELL TWO SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES FOR AN AGGREGATE SALES PRICE OF APPROXIMATELY $102.5 MILLION, EXCLUDING CLOSING COSTS. THESE SALES ARE SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS. THESE CONDITIONS MAY NOT BE MET AND THESE SALES MAY NOT OCCUR, MAY BE DELAYED OR THEIR TERMS MAY CHANGE,
WE BELIEVE THAT OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUR RELATED PARTIES, INCLUDING FIVE STAR, RMR LLC, RMR INC., ABP TRUST, AIC AND OTHERS AFFILIATED WITH THEM MAY BENEFIT US AND PROVIDE US WITH COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN OPERATING AND GROWING OUR BUSINESS.  HOWEVER, THE ADVANTAGES WE BELIEVE WE MAY REALIZE FROM THESE RELATIONSHIPS MAY NOT MATERIALIZE,
RMR INC. MAY REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF ITS DISTRIBUTIONS TO ITS SHAREHOLDERS, INCLUDING US,
OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES ARE SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENT REGULATION, LICENSURE AND OVERSIGHT. WE SOMETIMES EXPERIENCE DEFICIENCIES IN THE OPERATION OF OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES AND SOME OF OUR COMMUNITIES MAY BE PROHIBITED FROM

42


ADMITTING NEW RESIDENTS OR OUR LICENSE TO CONTINUE OPERATIONS AT A COMMUNITY MAY BE REVOKED. ALSO, OPERATING DEFICIENCIES OR A LICENSE REVOCATION AT ONE OR MORE OF OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES MAY HAVE AN ADVERSE IMPACT ON OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN LICENSES FOR OR ATTRACT RESIDENTS TO OUR OTHER COMMUNITIES,
THE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS BETWEEN US AND RMR LLC HAVE CONTINUING 20 YEAR TERMS. HOWEVER, THOSE AGREEMENTS PERMIT EARLY TERMINATION IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES.  ACCORDINGLY, WE CANNOT BE SURE THAT THESE AGREEMENTS WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT FOR CONTINUING 20 YEAR TERMS, AND
THE CONSULTING FEES WE HAVE INCURRED MAY NOT REDUCE OUR FUTURE OPERATING AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURE COSTS AS WE EXPECT, AND SUCH COSTS MAY IN FACT INCREASE.
CURRENTLY UNEXPECTED RESULTS COULD OCCUR DUE TO MANY DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES, SOME OF WHICH ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL, SUCH AS NEW LEGISLATION OR REGULATIONS AFFECTING OUR BUSINESS OR THE BUSINESSES OF OUR TENANTS OR MANAGERS, CHANGES IN OUR TENANTS’ OR MANAGERS’ REVENUES OR COSTS, CHANGES IN OUR TENANTS’ OR MANAGERS’ FINANCIAL CONDITIONS, DEFICIENCIES IN OPERATIONS BY A TENANT OR MANAGER OF ONE OR MORE OF OUR SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES, CHANGED MEDICARE OR MEDICAID RATES, ACTS OF TERRORISM, NATURAL DISASTERS OR CHANGES IN CAPITAL MARKETS OR THE ECONOMY GENERALLY.
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q OR IN OUR OTHER FILINGS WITH THE SEC, INCLUDING UNDER THE CAPTION “RISK FACTORS”, OR INCORPORATED HEREIN OR THEREIN, IDENTIFIES OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE DIFFERENCES FROM OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. OUR OTHER FILINGS WITH THE SEC ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SEC’S WEBSITE AT WWW.SEC.GOV.
YOU SHOULD NOT PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE UPON OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS.
EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW, WE DO NOT INTEND TO UPDATE OR CHANGE ANY FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE.

STATEMENT CONCERNING LIMITED LIABILITY
 
THE AMENDED AND RESTATED DECLARATION OF TRUST ESTABLISHING SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST, DATED SEPTEMBER 20, 1999, AS AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTED, AS FILED WITH THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS AND TAXATION OF MARYLAND, PROVIDES THAT NO TRUSTEE, OFFICER, SHAREHOLDER, EMPLOYEE OR AGENT OF SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST SHALL BE HELD TO ANY PERSONAL LIABILITY, JOINTLY OR SEVERALLY, FOR ANY OBLIGATION OF, OR CLAIM AGAINST, SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST. ALL PERSONS DEALING WITH SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST IN ANY WAY SHALL LOOK ONLY TO THE ASSETS OF SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST FOR THE PAYMENT OF ANY SUM OR THE PERFORMANCE OF ANY OBLIGATION.


43


PART II.   Other Information
 
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
 
There have been no material changes to risk factors from those we previously disclosed in our Annual Report.
 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer purchases of equity securities. The following table provides information about our purchases of our equity
securities during the quarter ended March 31, 2018:

Calendar Month
 
Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January 2018
 
4,628

 
$
19.15

 

 
$

Total
 
4,628

 
$
19.15

 

 
$


(1) This common share purchase was made to satisfy tax withholding and payment obligations of a former RMR LLC employees in connection with the vesting of awards of our common shares. We purchased these shares at their fair market value based upon the trading price of our common shares at the close of trading on Nasdaq on December 29, 2017.

Item 6. Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number
 
Description
3.1
 
3.2
 
3.3
 
3.4
 
3.5
 
4.1
 
4.2
 
4.3
 
4.4
 
4.5
 
4.6
 
4.7
 

44


4.8
 
4.9
 
4.10
 
4.11
 
10.1
 
10.2
 
12.1
 
31.1
 
31.2
 
31.3
 
31.4
 
32.1 
 
101.1
 
The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) related notes to these financial statements, tagged as blocks of text and in detail. (Filed herewith.)
(+) Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

45


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer
 
 
Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer
 
 
President and Chief Operating Officer
 
 
Dated: May 10, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
 
 
Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
 
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
 
(principal financial and accounting officer)
 
 
Dated: May 10, 2018
 


46
Exhibit 10.1




FIRST AMENDMENT TO TRANSACTION AGREEMENT

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT TO TRANSACTION AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”) is made and entered into as of March 29, 2018, by and between FIVE STAR SENIOR LIVING INC., a Maryland corporation (“FVE”), on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries, and SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST, a Maryland real estate investment trust (“SNH”), on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries.
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, FVE and SNH are parties to that certain Transaction Agreement, dated as of November 8, 2017 (the “Transaction Agreement”), relating to certain senior living communities as further described in the Transaction Agreement; and
WHEREAS, FVE and SNH have agreed to amend the Transaction Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Amendment;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, FVE and SNH hereby agree as follows:
1.Closing Date. Section 1.1(9) of the Transaction Agreement is amended to delete the reference to the defined term “Closing Date” in its entirety and replace it with the following:

Closing Date”: with respect to a Property, the date mutually acceptable to each of FVE and SNH on or after the date that all conditions to the obligations of the parties to consummate the purchase and sale of such Property have been satisfied or waived by the party entitled thereto (other than any conditions which by their terms are to be satisfied on the Closing Date), provided, in no event will a Closing Date be later than June 30, 2018.
2.Ratification. All of the provisions of the Transaction Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, are hereby ratified and confirmed and remain in full force and effect.

3.Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed and delivered in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument. Such executed counterparts may be delivered by facsimile or by e-mail (in .pdf format) and any such counterparts so delivered shall be deemed originals for all purposes.






IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Amendment to be executed as a sealed instrument as of the date first above written.
SNH PARTIES:
 
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST, on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 /s/ David J. Hegarty
 
 
 
David J. Hegarty
 
 
 
President
 
 
 
 
FVE PARTIES:
 
FIVE STAR SENIOR LIVING INC., on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries

 
 
By:
 /s/ Bruce J. Mackey Jr.    

 
 
 
Bruce J. Mackey Jr.
 
 
 
President
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





























Exhibit 10.2 

FORM OF INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT
 
THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered [        ] (the “Effective Date”), by and between Senior Housing Properties Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “Company”), and [        ] (“Indemnitee”).
 
WHEREAS Indemnitee currently serves as a [        ] of the Company and may, in connection therewith, be subjected to claims, suits or proceedings arising from such service; and
 
WHEREAS, as an inducement to Indemnitee to continue to serve as such [        ], the Company has agreed to indemnify and to advance expenses and costs incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any such claims, suits or proceedings, to the fullest extent permitted by law as hereinafter provided; and
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:
 
Section 1.               Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:
 
(a)           “Change in Control” means a change in control of the Company occurring after the Effective Date of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”), whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement; provided, however, that, without limitation, such a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if after the Effective Date (i) any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 10% or more of the combined voting power in the election of trustees of the Company’s then outstanding securities without the prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Trustees in office immediately prior to such person attaining such percentage interest; (ii) there occurs a proxy contest, or the Company is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets, plan of liquidation or other reorganization not approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Trustees then in office, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Trustees in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Trustees thereafter; or (iii) during any period of two consecutive years, other than as a result of an event described in clause (a)(ii) of this Section 1, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Trustees (including for this purpose any new trustee whose election or nomination for election by the Company’s shareholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the trustees then still in office who were trustees at the beginning of such period) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Trustees.
 
(b)           “Corporate Status” means the status of a person who is or was a director, trustee, officer or agent of the Company.
  
(c)           “Disinterested Trustee” means a trustee of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by Indemnitee.
 
(d)           “Expenses” means all expenses, including, but not limited to, all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.
 
(e)           “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is retained by Indemnitee and is not serving as counsel to the Company.
 
(f)            “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (including on appeal), except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 9.
 
Section 2.               Indemnification - General. The Company shall indemnify, and advance Expenses to, Indemnitee (a) as provided in this Agreement and (b) otherwise to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect on the date hereof





and as amended from time to time; provided,  however, that no change in Maryland law shall have the effect of reducing the benefits available to Indemnitee hereunder based on Maryland law as in effect on the date hereof. The rights of Indemnitee provided in this Section 2 shall include, without limitation, the rights set forth in the other sections of this Agreement, including any additional indemnification permitted by Section 2-418(g) of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”), as applicable to a Maryland real estate investment trust by virtue of Section 8-301(15) of the Maryland REIT Law.
 
Section 3.               Proceedings Other Than Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section 3 if, by reason of his Corporate Status, he is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company. Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement and all Expenses incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with a Proceeding by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status unless it is established that (i) the act or omission of Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services, or (iii) in the case of any criminal Proceeding, Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
 
Section 4.               Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company. Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this Section 4 if, by reason of his Corporate Status, he is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 4, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all amounts paid in settlement and all Expenses incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such Proceeding unless it is established that (i) the act or omission of Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to such a Proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or (ii) Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services.
 
Section 5.               Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Partly Successful. Without limitation on Section 3 and Section 4, if Indemnitee is not wholly successful in any Proceeding covered by this Agreement, but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee under this Section 5 for all Expenses incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter, allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. For purposes of this Section and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.
 
Section 6.               Advance of Expenses. The Company shall advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party or a witness, within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by a written affirmation by Indemnitee of Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company as authorized by law and by this Agreement has been met and a written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A or in such form as may be required under applicable law as in effect at the time of the execution thereof, to reimburse the portion of any Expenses advanced to Indemnitee relating to claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to which it shall ultimately be established that the standard of conduct has not been met and which have not been successfully resolved as described in Section 5. To the extent that Expenses advanced to Indemnitee do not relate to a specific claim, issue or matter in the Proceeding, such Expenses shall be allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. The undertaking required by this Section 6 shall be an unlimited general obligation by or on behalf of Indemnitee and shall be accepted without reference to Indemnitee’s financial ability to repay such advanced Expenses and without any requirement to post security therefor.
 
Section 7.               Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification.
 
(a)           To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request, including such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. The Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board of Trustees in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification.
 
(b)           Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to the first sentence of Section 7(a) hereof, a determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement thereto shall promptly be made in the specific case: (i) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board of





Trustees, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee; or (ii) if a Change of Control shall not have occurred or if after a Change of Control Indemnitee shall so request, (A) by the Board of Trustees (or a duly authorized committee thereof) by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Disinterested Trustees (as herein defined), or (B) if a quorum of the Board of Trustees consisting of Disinterested Trustees is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, such quorum of Disinterested Trustees so directs, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board of Trustees, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee, or (C) if so directed by a majority of the members of the Board of Trustees, by the shareholders of the Company; and, if it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within ten days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company shall indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.
 
Section 8.               Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.
 
(a)           In making a determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, the person or persons or entity making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 7(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that presumption.
 
(b)           The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct described herein for indemnification.
 
Section 9.               Remedies of Indemnitee.
 
(a)           If (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 7 that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advance of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 6, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 7(b) within 30 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Section 5 within ten days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor, or (v) payment of indemnification is not made within ten days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Maryland, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of his entitlement to such indemnification or advance of Expenses. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at his option, may seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 9(a);  provided,  however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply in respect of a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce his rights under Section 5.
 
(b)           In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 9, the Company shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be.
 
(c)           If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 7(b) that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 9, absent a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification.
 
(d)           In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 9, seeks a judicial adjudication of or an award in arbitration to enforce his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company for, any and all Expenses incurred by him in such judicial adjudication or arbitration. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication or arbitration that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advance of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.
 
Section 10.             Defense of the Underlying Proceeding.
 





(a)           Indemnitee shall notify the Company promptly upon being served with or receiving any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information, notice, request or other document relating to any Proceeding which may result in the right to indemnification or the advance of Expenses hereunder; provided,  however, that the failure to give any such notice shall not disqualify Indemnitee from the right, or otherwise affect in any manner any right of Indemnitee, to indemnification or the advance of Expenses under this Agreement unless the Company’s ability to defend in such Proceeding or to obtain proceeds under any insurance policy is materially and adversely prejudiced thereby, and then only to the extent the Company is thereby actually so prejudiced.
 
(b)           Subject to the provisions of the last sentence of this Section 10(b) and of Section 10(c) below, the Company shall have the right to defend Indemnitee in any Proceeding which may give rise to indemnification hereunder; provided,  however, that the Company shall notify Indemnitee of any such decision to defend within 15 calendar days following receipt of notice of any such Proceeding under Section 10(a) above. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Indemnitee, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, consent to the entry of any judgment against Indemnitee or enter into any settlement or compromise which (i) includes an admission of fault of Indemnitee or (ii) does not include, as an unconditional term thereof, the full release of Indemnitee from all liability in respect of such Proceeding, which release shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee. This Section 10(b) shall not apply to a Proceeding brought by Indemnitee under Section 9 above or Section 14.
 
(c)           Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10(b), if in a Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, (i) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that he may have separate defenses or counterclaims to assert with respect to any issue which may not be consistent with other defendants in such Proceeding, (ii) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that an actual or apparent conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest exists between Indemnitee and the Company, or (iii) the Company fails to assume the defense of such Proceeding in a timely manner, Indemnitee shall be entitled to be represented by separate legal counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, at the expense of the Company. In addition, if the Company fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or in the event that the Company or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any Proceeding to deny or to recover from Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall have the right to retain counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, at the expense of the Company (subject to Section 9(d)), to represent Indemnitee in connection with any such matter.
 
Section 11.             Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights.
 
(a)           The rights of indemnification and advance of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Declaration of Trust or Bylaws of the Company, any agreement or a resolution of the shareholders entitled to vote generally in the election of trustees or of the Board of Trustees, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal.
 
(b)           In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.
 
(c)           The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
 
Section 12.             Duration of Agreement; Binding Effect.
 
(a)           This Agreement shall continue until and terminate ten years after the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director, trustee, officer, employee, or agent of the Company or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which Indemnitee served at the request of the Company; provided,  however, that the rights of Indemnitee hereunder shall continue until the final termination of any Proceeding then pending in respect of which Indemnitee is granted rights of indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder and of any proceeding commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 9 relating thereto.





 
(b)           The indemnification and advance of Expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Agreement shall be binding upon and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company), shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Company or of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the written request of the Company, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and his or her spouse, assigns, heirs, devisees, executors and administrators and other legal representatives.
 
(c)           The Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.
 
Section 13.             Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.
 
Section 14.             Limitation and Exception to Right of Indemnification or Advance of Expenses. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (a) any indemnification or advance of Expenses to which Indemnitee is otherwise entitled under the terms of this Agreement shall be made only to the extent such indemnification or advance of Expenses does not conflict with applicable Maryland law and (b) Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses under this Agreement with respect to any Proceeding brought by Indemnitee, unless (i) the Proceeding is brought to enforce indemnification under this Agreement or otherwise or (ii) the Company’s Bylaws, as amended, the Declaration of Trust, a resolution of the shareholders entitled to vote generally in the election of trustees or of the Board of Trustees or an agreement approved by the Board of Trustees to which the Company is a party expressly provide otherwise.
 
Section 15.             Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. One such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought shall be sufficient to evidence the existence of this Agreement.
 
Section 16.             Headings. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.
 
Section 17.             Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.
 
Section 18.             Notices. Any notice, report or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing unless some other method of giving such notice, report or other communication is accepted by the party to whom it is given, and shall be given by being delivered at the following addresses to the parties hereto:
 
(a)           If to Indemnitee, to: The address set forth on the signature page hereto.
 
(b)           If to the Company to:
 
Senior Housing Properties Trust
Two Newton Place
255 Washington Street, Suite 300
Newton, Massachusetts 02458
Attn: Secretary
 





or to such other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.
 
Section 19.             Governing Law. The parties agree that this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to its conflicts of laws rules.
 
[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]
 







IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the day and year first above written.
 
ATTEST:
 
SENIOR HOUSING PROPERTIES TRUST
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
 
(SEAL)
 
 
Name:
 
 
 
 
Title:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WITNESS:

 
INDEMNITEE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name:
 
 
 
 
Address:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







EXHIBIT A
 
FORM OF UNDERTAKING TO REPAY EXPENSES ADVANCED
 
The Board of Trustees of Senior Housing Properties Trust
 
Re: Undertaking to Repay Expenses Advanced
 
Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
This undertaking is being provided pursuant to that certain Indemnification Agreement dated                    , 200   , by and between Senior Housing Properties Trust (the “Company”) and the undersigned Indemnitee (the “Indemnification Agreement”), pursuant to which I am entitled to advance of expenses in connection with [Description of Proceeding] (the “Proceeding”).
 
Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings specified in the Indemnification Agreement.
 
I am subject to the Proceeding by reason of my Corporate Status or by reason of alleged actions or omissions by me in such capacity.  I hereby affirm that at all times, insofar as I was involved as [a trustee] [an officer] of the Company, in any of the facts or events giving rise to the Proceeding, I (1) acted in good faith and honestly, (2) did not receive any improper personal benefit in money, property or services and (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that any act or omission by me was unlawful.
 
In consideration of the advance of expenses by the Company for reasonable attorney’s fees and related expenses incurred by me in connection with the Proceeding (the “Advanced Expenses”), I hereby agree that if, in connection with the Proceeding, it is established that (1) an act or omission by me was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or (2) I actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, I had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful, then I shall promptly reimburse the portion of the Advanced Expenses relating to the claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to which the foregoing findings have been established and which have not been successfully resolved as described in Section 5 of the Indemnification Agreement.  To the extent that Advanced Expenses do not relate to a specific claim, issue or matter in the Proceeding, I agree that such Expenses shall be allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Affirmation and Undertaking on this          day                               , 20    .
 
WITNESS:
 
 
 
 
(SEAL)
 
 
 






Schedule to Exhibit 10.2
 
The following current and former trustees and executive officers are parties to Indemnification Agreements with the Company which are substantially identical in all material respects to the representative Indemnification Agreement filed herewith and are dated as of the respective dates listed below. The other Indemnification Agreements are omitted pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
 
Name of Signatory
 
Date
Frank J. Bailey
 
March 10, 2004
Former Independent Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
John L. Harrington
 
March 10, 2004
Independent Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
David J. Hegarty
 
March 10, 2004
President, Chief Operating Officer and Assistant Secretary
 
 
 
 
 
Barry M. Portnoy
 
March 10, 2004
Managing Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
Frederick N. Zeytoonjian
 
March 10, 2004
Former Independent Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
William J. Sheehan
 
May 7, 2004
Former Director of Internal Audit
 
 
 
 
 
Adam D. Portnoy
 
May 30, 2007
Managing Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
Richard A. Doyle
 
February 27,2008
Former Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
Jeffrey P. Somers
 
January 30, 2009
Independent Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
Jacquelyn S. Anderson
 
May 17, 2012
Assistant Secretary
 
 
 
 
 
Jennifer B. Clark
 
May 17, 2012
Secretary
 
 
 
 
 
Vern D. Larkin
 
May 17, 2012
Director of Internal Audit
 
 
 
 
 
Lisa Harris Jones
 
September 26, 2015
Independent Trustee
 
 
 
 
 
Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
 
January 1, 2016
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer
 
May 1, 2018
President and Chief Operating Officer
 
 
 





Exhibit 12.1
 
Senior Housing Properties Trust
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Earnings:
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Income from continuing operations (including gains on sales of properties, if any) before income tax expense and equity in earnings of an investee
 
$
237,621

 
$
151,649

 
$
141,582

 
$
125,474

 
$
162,141

 
$
183,997

Fixed charges
 
43,552

 
165,019

 
167,574

 
150,881

 
135,114

 
117,819

Adjusted earnings
 
$
281,173

 
$
316,668

 
$
309,156

 
$
276,355

 
$
297,255

 
$
301,816

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed charges:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Interest expense (including net amortization of debt premiums and discounts and debt issuance costs)
 
$
43,552

 
$
165,019

 
$
167,574

 
$
150,881

 
$
135,114

 
$
117,819

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
 
6.5
x
 
1.9
x
 
1.8
x
 
1.8
x
 
2.2
x
 
2.6
x





Exhibit 31.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
 
I, Adam D. Portnoy, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Senior Housing Properties Trust;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
 
 
Date: May 10, 2018
/s/ Adam D. Portnoy
 
Adam D. Portnoy
 
Managing Trustee





Exhibit 31.2
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
 
I, Jennifer B. Clark, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Senior Housing Properties Trust;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
 
 
Date: May 10, 2018
/s/ Jennifer B. Clark
 
Jennifer B. Clark

 
Managing Trustee





Exhibit 31.3
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
 
I, Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer, certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Senior Housing Properties Trust;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
 
 
Date: May 10, 2018
/s/ Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer
 
Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer

 
President and Chief Operating Officer





Exhibit 31.4
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)
 
I, Richard W. Siedel, Jr., certify that:
 
1.
I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Senior Housing Properties Trust;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
 
 
 
Date: May 10, 2018
/s/ Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
 
Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer





Exhibit 32.1
 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SEC. 1350
 

 
In connection with the filing by Senior Housing Properties Trust (the “Company”) of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 (the “Report”), each of the undersigned hereby certifies, to the best of his or her knowledge:
 
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
 
    
 
/s/ Adam D. Portnoy
 
/s/ Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer
Adam D. Portnoy
 
Jennifer F. (Francis) Mintzer

Managing Trustee
 
President and Chief Operating Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Jennifer B. Clark
 
/s/ Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
Jennifer B. Clark

 
Richard W. Siedel, Jr.
Managing Trustee
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
Date: May 10, 2018





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