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Form 10-Q Berkeley Lights, Inc. For: Mar 31

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May 9, 2022 4:16 PM EDT
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark one)
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from___ to___
Commission file number: 001-39388
bli-20220331_g1.jpg
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware35-2415390
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5858 Horton Street, Suite 320
Emeryville, California 94608
(Address of principal executive offices)( Zip code)
(510) 858-2855
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.00005 par valueBLIThe Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☒
Accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☐
Smaller reporting company☐Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 30, 2022, 67,826,564 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.00005 par value per share, were outstanding.

BERKELEY LIGHTS, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2022
Table of Contents
Page(s)
Item 1.
Item 3.
Item 4.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
(In thousands, except share and per share data)(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$164,674 $178,096 
Trade accounts receivable17,721 25,942 
Inventory15,665 14,547 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets10,304 11,985 
Total current assets208,364 230,570 
Restricted cash270 270 
Property and equipment, net29,913 27,992 
Operating lease right-of-use assets25,325 26,060 
Other assets1,985 2,361 
Total assets$265,857 $287,253 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable$8,015 $8,198 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities9,916 12,425 
Deferred revenue9,780 12,128 
Total current liabilities27,711 32,751 
Notes payable19,778 19,762 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion1,600 2,187 
Lease liability, long-term23,567 24,337 
Total liabilities72,656 79,037 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.00005 par value. Authorized 300,000,000 shares at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021; issued and outstanding 67,820,115 and 67,595,535 shares at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
4 4 
Additional paid-in capital478,231 471,820 
Accumulated deficit(285,034)(263,608)
Total stockholders’ equity193,201 208,216 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$265,857 $287,253 
See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

Three months ended March 31,
20222021
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
Revenue:
Product revenue$9,774 $13,533 
Service revenue10,432 5,095 
Total revenue20,206 18,628 
Cost of sales:
Product cost of sales2,695 3,703 
Service cost of sales3,684 2,474 
Total cost of sales6,379 6,177 
Gross profit13,827 12,451 
Operating expenses:
Research and development17,573 13,027 
General and administrative11,716 8,967 
Sales and marketing5,811 5,606 
Total operating expenses35,100 27,600 
Loss from operations(21,273)(15,149)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense(224)(354)
Interest income34 66 
Other income, net57 19 
Loss before income taxes(21,406)(15,418)
Provision for income taxes20 17 
Net loss and comprehensive loss$(21,426)$(15,435)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders per share, basic and diluted$(0.32)$(0.24)
Weighted-average shares used in calculating net loss per share, basic and diluted67,697,488 65,259,398 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)


Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(In thousands, except per share data)SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202167,595,535 $4 $471,820 $(263,608)$208,216 
Shares issued in connection with:
Exercise of stock options81,654 — 412 — 412 
Vesting of restricted stock units27,580 — — — — 
Employee stock purchase plan115,346 — 610 — 610 
Stock-based compensation— — 5,389 — 5,389 
Net loss— — — (21,426)(21,426)
Balances at March 31, 202267,820,115 $4 $478,231 $(285,034)$193,201 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Common StockAdditional
Paid-in
Capital		Accumulated
Deficit		Total
Stockholders'
Equity
(In thousands, except per share data)SharesAmount
Balances at December 31, 202064,486,246 $3 $436,662 $(191,884)$244,781 
Shares issued in connection with:
Exercise of stock options1,778,130 1 6,361 — 6,362 
Vesting of restricted stock units5,000 — — — — 
     Employee stock purchase plan115,360 — 2,157 — 2,157 
Stock-based compensation— — 4,501 — 4,501 
Net loss— — — (15,435)(15,435)
Balances at March 31, 202166,384,736 $4 $449,681 $(207,319)$242,366 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)20222021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss$(21,426)$(15,435)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation1,944 1,345 
Stock-based compensation5,393 4,494 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets735 495 
Non-cash interest and other expense related to debt and note receivable agreements16 18 
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory195 44 
Loss on disposal and impairment of property and equipment28 13 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable8,221 (3,493)
Inventory(1,317)(2,744)
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets2,057 (1,036)
Trade accounts payable298 2,690 
Deferred revenue(2,935)3,039 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities(2,552)(429)
Operating lease liabilities(726)(361)
Net cash used in operating activities(10,069)(11,360)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment(4,375)(402)
Net cash used in investing activities(4,375)(402)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options412 6,362 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan610 2,157 
Net cash provided by financing activities1,022 8,519 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(13,422)(3,243)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period178,366 233,678 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period$164,944 $230,435 

See accompanying notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

(1)The Company and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Berkeley Lights, Inc. (the “Company” or “Berkeley Lights”) is a leading Digital Cell Biology company focused on enabling and accelerating the rapid development and commercialization of biotherapeutics and other cell-based products. Berkeley Lights’ platform is a fully integrated, end-to-end solution, comprised of proprietary consumables, including the Company’s OptoSelect chips and reagent kits, advanced automation systems and advanced application and workflow software.
Berkeley Lights and its consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as the “Company”. The Company’s headquarters are in Emeryville, California.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
Liquidity
The Company has experienced losses from its operations since its inception and has relied primarily on equity and debt financing to fund its operations to date. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company had a consolidated net loss of $21.4 million and as of March 31, 2022 had an accumulated deficit of $285.0 million and unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $164.7 million. Management expects to continue to incur significant expenses for the foreseeable future and to incur operating losses in the near term while the Company makes investments to support its anticipated growth. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents balance as of March 31, 2022 provides sufficient capital resources to continue its operations for at least 12 months from the issuance date of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
(2)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Significant Accounting Policies
The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and have not materially changed during the three months ended March 31, 2022, with the exception of the Company’s accounting policy for stock-based compensation, as the Company granted awards with market conditions for the first time during the three months ended March 31 2022, as described further below.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company maintains an incentive compensation plan under which stock options and restricted stock units (“RSU”) are granted to employees and non-employee consultants.
Stock-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing value of its stock price listed on the Nasdaq at the date of the grant.
The Company estimates the fair value of the majority of stock option awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For option awards that include a goal tied to the Company share price (i.e. a market condition) the Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value.
The fair value of stock options and RSUs with only a service condition is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest and forfeitures are recognized as they occur.
5
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Stock options and RSUs that include a service condition and a performance condition are considered expected to vest when the performance condition is probable of being met. Compensation expense associated with performance stock options and awards that are determined to be probable of achievement is recognized over the requisite service period on a tranche-by-tranche basis.
For performance stock options and awards not initially assessed as probable of achievement, the Company records a cumulative adjustment to compensation expense in the period the Company changes its determination that a performance condition becomes probable of being achieved. The Company ceases recognition of compensation expense in any periods where the Company determines the attainment of a performance condition is no longer probable. If the performance goals are determined to be improbable, any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed.
The fair value of stock option with a market condition is recognized over the requisite service period for each tranche of the award and is recognized regardless of whether (or to what extent) the market condition is ultimately achieved.
(3)Significant Risks and Uncertainties Including Business and Credit Concentrations
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by large, credit worthy financial institutions. The Company invests its excess cash in money market funds. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification and maturities that seek to maintain safety and liquidity. Deposits in these banks may exceed the amounts of insurance provided on such deposits. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.
The Company controls credit risk through credit approvals and monitoring procedures. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the aging of the related invoices and represents the Company’s best estimate of expected credit losses in its existing trade accounts receivable. At each of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had not recorded any material allowance for doubtful accounts.
Most of the Company’s customers are located in the United States and Asia Pacific. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, three customers accounted for 18%, 13% and 10% of revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, two customers accounted for 11% and 10% of revenue.
As of March 31, 2022, four customers comprised 22%, 14%, 11% and 10% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, three customers accounted for 15%, 11% and 11% of accounts receivable.
6
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(4)Revenue From Contracts With Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of customer or sales channel, market segment as defined by nature of workflows and activities of the end customer and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Type of Sales Channel
Direct sales channel$15,486 $10,439 
Distributor channel4,720 8,189 
Net revenues$20,206 $18,628 
Market
Antibody therapeutics$14,225 $15,114 
Synthetic biology2,472 1,984 
Agricultural biology1,491 — 
Gene therapy1,774 1,225 
Cell therapy244 305 
Net revenues$20,206 $18,628 
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods and services transferred at a point in time$9,836 $13,064 
Goods and services transferred over time10,370 5,564 
Net revenues$20,206 $18,628 
Revenues by market are determined by the revenue associated with workflows that the Company’s customers are utilizing, primarily on the Company’s Beacon platform, or by the nature of the workflows that the Company is developing under strategic partnerships and services agreements. Revenues by geographical markets are presented in Note 15 to these condensed consolidated financial statements.
Performance Obligations
A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales, as well as its feasibility study arrangements, are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.
As of March 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts in excess of one year was $6.9 million, which is included in deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 35% is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized afterwards.
Contract Balances
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue from contracts with customers (in thousands):
7
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Trade accounts receivable$17,721 $25,942 
Contract assets, which are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets”$1,896 $1,736 
Contract assets, long-term, which are included in “Other assets”$571 $1,070 
Deferred revenue (current)$9,780 $12,128 
Deferred revenue (non-current)$1,600 $2,187 
The contract liabilities of $11.4 million and $14.3 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, consisted of deferred revenue related to extended warranty service agreements, strategic partnerships and services agreements and advanced automation systems arrangements. Revenue recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 included $4.6 million of previously deferred revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of December 31, 2021.
Sales-type Lease Arrangements
The Company also enters into sales-type lease arrangements with certain qualified customers. Revenue related to lease elements from sales-type leases is presented as product revenue and was nil and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The following table presents the future maturity of the Company’s fixed-term customer leases and reconciles the undiscounted cash flows from the amounts due from customers under such arrangements as of March 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Year ending December 31,Sales-Type
Leases
Remainder of 2022$1,655 
2023445 
2024853 
Total undiscounted cash flows2,953 
Less: unearned income368 
Total amounts due from customers, gross$2,585 
(5)Balance Sheet Accounts
Inventory
The following table shows the components of inventory (in thousands):
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Raw materials$8,861 $8,296 
Finished goods6,804 6,251 
Total$15,665 $14,547 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
The following table shows the components of prepaid expenses and other current assets (in thousands):
8
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Contract asset$1,896 $1,736 
Vendor deposits2,712 2,802 
Deferred costs512 561 
Prepaid insurance1,640 2,944 
Other (1)3,544 3,942 
Total$10,304 $11,985 

(1) Other includes primarily prepaid rent expenses, software licenses and prepaid VAT.

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
The following table shows the components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities (in thousands):
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Accrued payroll and employee related expenses$4,697 $6,757 
Lease liability – short-term2,984 2,941 
Accrued product warranty914 1,085 
Accrued legal expenses680 504 
Other (1)641 1,138 
Total$9,916 $12,425 

(1) Other includes primarily accrued income taxes, sales taxes, accrued royalties and other miscellaneous accruals.

(6)Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The carrying amounts of the Company’s cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The Company classifies its cash equivalents, which are comprised primarily of money market funds, within Level 1, as it uses quoted market prices in the determination of fair value.
9
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
March 31,
2022		Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds$25,141 $25,141 $— $— 
Total$25,141 $25,141 $— $— 


December 31,
2021		Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)		Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets
Money market funds$25,138 $25,138 $— $— 
Total$25,138 $25,138 $— $— 

The carrying values and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value were as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Carrying
Value		Fair ValueCarrying
Value		Fair Value
Long-term debt, including current maturities$19,778 $19,295 $19,762 $19,298 
The Company estimated the fair value of its long-term debt using a market-based approach that considers an average cost of debt. The Company has incorporated its own credit risk for all liability fair value measurements. Such fair value measurements are considered Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.
The Company did not have any transfers of financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis to or from Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 for any of the periods presented.
10
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(7)Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net comprised the following (in thousands):
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Equipment, tooling and molds$37,050 $33,972 
Computer software and equipment2,845 3,019 
Furniture, fixtures and other1,955 1,891 
Leasehold improvements10,750 6,105 
Construction in process756 4,803 
Total property and equipment53,356 49,790 
Less: Accumulated depreciation(23,443)(21,798)
Property and equipment, net$29,913 $27,992 
Total depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, losses on the impairment and disposal of property and equipment was not material.
(8)Leases
The Company leases office, manufacturing, distribution and laboratory facilities in Emeryville, California under multiple operating leases. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company extended the term for its leases related to the facilities in Emeryville and these leases will now expire in 2029. Also, during the third quarter of 2021, the Company entered into a seven year lease of space for office and laboratory operations in Lexington, Massachusetts, which commenced on July 1, 2021.
The Company also leases two facilities in Shanghai, China for office and laboratory facilities under operating lease agreements that were entered into in July 2020. These leases expire at various dates, the latest of which is August 2023.
Future payments associated with the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of March 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
Operating leases
Undiscounted lease payments for the year ending December 31,
Remainder of 2022$3,148 
20234,276 
20244,355 
20254,486 
20264,621 
Thereafter12,222 
Total undiscounted lease payments33,108 
Less: implied interest(5,131)
Less: tenant improvement allowances receivable(1,426)
Present value of operating lease payments26,551 
Less: current portion (1)(2,984)
Total long-term operating lease liabilities$23,567 
11
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(1) Included in the balance sheet caption “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities.”
Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company is also responsible for certain variable lease payments that are not included in the measurement of the lease liability. Variable lease payments for operating leases were $0.8 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, including non-lease components such as common area maintenance fees.
The following information represents supplemental disclosure for the statement of cash flows related to operating leases (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Right-of-use assets obtained for new operating lease liabilities $— $— 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities$1,098 $691 
The following summarizes additional information related to operating leases:
March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)7.277.51
Weighted-average discount rate4.67 %4.67 %
The Company also enters into leasing transactions in which the Company is the lessor, which to date have been classified as sales-type leases. See Note 4 of these condensed consolidated financial statements for the related lease disclosures.
(9)Notes Payable
On May 23, 2018, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with East West Bank (“EWB”) providing it the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million. The loan facility was fully drawn as of May 23, 2018.
On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) with EWB. Pursuant to the Agreement, EWB provided a $20.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”) which was used to refinance the term loan outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2018. The Term Loan matures in 48 months and bears a fixed interest rate of 4.17%. The Term Loan has an initial interest-only period of 24 months, which can be extended to up to 36 months based on the achievement of certain liquidity measures, and can be pre-paid without penalty at any time.
The Agreement grants EWB a security interest in and liens on all assets of the Company, excluding intellectual property, which is subject to a double negative pledge. In addition, certain other terms of the original agreements as previously in effect were amended by the Agreement, including certain financial covenants. The Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was accounted for as a debt modification and the Company capitalized incremental debt issuance costs.
Furthermore, the Agreement also provided the Company with a new $10.0 million revolving credit (the “Revolving Line”), which bears interest on the outstanding daily balance thereof of 0.70% above the Prime Rate (as defined in the Agreement). No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Line as of March 31, 2022.
The Agreement contains certain financial and non-financial covenants. As of March 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with the terms and covenants of the Agreement.
The following is a schedule of payments due on notes payable as of March 31, 2022 (in thousands):
12
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
March 31,
2022
Year Ending December 31:
Remainder of 2022$637 
20236,617 
202410,406 
20254,210 
Total payments due21,870 
Less:
Interest payments, loan discounts and financing costs(2,092)
Current portion, less loan discounts and financing costs— 
Notes payable$19,778 
Total interest cost incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
(10)Stock Compensation Plans
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation related to the Company's stock-based awards was recorded as an expense and allocated as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Cost of sales$51 $42 
Research and development1,581 1,061 
General and administrative2,211 1,372 
Sales and marketing1,550 2,019 
Total stock-based compensation$5,393 $4,494 
Stock-based compensation capitalized in inventory was not material as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
On March 10, 2022, the Company granted the newly appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Company 1,017,177 RSUs, 339,059 stock options and 678,118 performance-based stock options (“PSOs”). The RSUs and stock options vest quarterly over 3 years and the stock options have a 10 year term.
The PSOs have a 7-year performance period, a 10-year term and vest based upon certain market conditions and a continued service-based requirement. Market condition-related vesting is triggered based on the Company’s stock price reaching certain goals that range from two to 20 times the Company share price on the date of grant.
Although no awards will vest until a market condition is satisfied, as of March 31, 2022 the Company began recording stock-based compensation expense for each vesting tranche based on the estimated achievement date of the specified stock price target. The valuation and probability of achievement for each tranche is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The same Monte Carlo simulation is used as the basis for determining the expected achievement date. As the probability of achievement is factored in as part of the Monte Carlo simulation, the expense for these tranches will be recognized concurrently over each tranche’s estimated achievement date even if some or all of the options never vest. If the related market condition for a tranche is achieved earlier than
13
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
expected, all unamortized expense for such tranche will be recognized immediately. As of March 31, 2022, none of the PSOs had vested.
(11)Income Taxes
The Company’s provision for income taxes was $20 thousand and $17 thousand, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, income from operations before taxes consisted of amounts related to U.S. operations and the Company’s foreign operations. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, and intends to do so until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances.
(12)Statements of Cash Flows
The supplemental cash flow information consists of the following (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Cash paid for interest$137 $337 
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Inventory transferred to property and equipment (1)$— $2,813 
Change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to purchases of property and equipment$(482)$751 
(1) The non-cash transfer of inventory to property and equipment principally relates to Beacons that were transferred to the Company’s BioFoundry operations in the first and second quarter of 2021. As a result of the growth of the Company’s BioFoundry operations, including growth in the number of Beacons used to fulfill strategic partnerships and services agreements, beginning in the third quarter of 2021, Beacons that at inception are planned to be used in the Company’s BioFoundry operations will be categorized as “Purchase of property and equipment.”
(13)Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may be involved in legal and administrative proceedings and claims of various types. The Company records a liability in its financial statements for these matters when a loss is known and considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not recognize gain contingencies until they are realized. Legal costs incurred relating to loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
AbCellera Biologics Litigation
In July 2020, AbCellera Biologics Inc. (“AbCellera”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, alleging that the Company infringed and continues to infringe, directly and indirectly, the following patents exclusively licensed by AbCellera by making, using, offering for sale, selling and/or importing the Company’s Beacon and Culture Station instruments and the OptoSelect chips, and sale of the Opto Plasma B Discovery Workflow: U.S. Patent Nos. 10,107,812, 10,274,494, 10,466,241, 10,578,618, 10,697,962, 10,087,408, 10,421,936 and 10,704,018 (“AbCellera I”).
In August 2020, AbCellera filed a second complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware, making the same allegations with regard to U.S. Patent Nos. 10,718,768, 10,738,270, 10,746,737, and 10,753,933 (“AbCellera II”). In September 2020, AbCellera filed amended complaints in each of AbCellera I and AbCellera II adding The University of British Columbia (“UBC”) as a named plaintiff. Also in September 2020, AbCellera and UBC filed a third complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware,
14
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
making the same allegations with regard to U.S. Patent Nos. 10,775,376, 10,775,377, and 10,775,378 (“AbCellera III”). AbCellera and UBC are seeking, among other things, judgment of infringement, a permanent injunction and damages (including lost profits, a reasonable royalty, reasonable costs and attorney’s fees and treble damages for willful infringement). In addition to procedural motions, the Company has filed an answer and counterclaims in response to each of the AbCellera I, AbCellera II and AbCellera III lawsuits. The Company’s counterclaims in each lawsuit include counts for declaratory judgment of non-infringement of the asserted patents, for declaratory judgment of invalidity of the asserted patents and for declaratory judgment of unenforceability of the asserted patents due to inequitable conduct. The Company filed a motion to transfer the AbCellera I, AbCellera II and AbCellera III lawsuits to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, which was granted and where the lawsuits have been consolidated and are now pending (the “consolidated lawsuit”). On May 6, 2021, and pursuant to Court Order, AbCellera and UBC reduced, without prejudice, the asserted patents in the consolidated lawsuit to the following: US Patent Nos. 10,087,408, 10,421,936, 10,738,270, 10,697,962, 10,753,933, 10,775,376 and 10,775,378.
On July 1, 2021, the court granted the Company’s motion to amend its answer and counterclaims to add federal and state unfair competition counterclaims against AbCellera Biologics; on July 22, 2021, the Company filed its amended answer and counterclaims. Also on July 1, 2021 the court issued a Case Management Order that, among other things, requires AbCellera and UBC to reduce the number of asserted patents to no more than two, and the total asserted patent claims to no more than four per patent prior to the trial.
Also in July 2021, the Company filed petitions for Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) with the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), challenging the validity of various asserted claims of U.S. Patent No. 10,087,408 and all asserted claims of U.S. Patent No. 10,421,936, then filed a motion in the district court to stay the consolidated lawsuit pending the outcome of the IPR proceedings. In August 2021, the Company filed a third petition for IPR with the USPTO, challenging the validity of all asserted claims of U.S. Patent No. 10,739,270. Also in August 2021, the court granted the Company’s motion to stay the consolidated AbCellera I, AbCellera II, and AbCellera III lawsuits pending the outcome of the IPR proceedings.
In January 2022, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) of the USPTO issued a decision instituting IPR on U.S. Patent No. 10,087,408 and a decision denying IPR on U.S. Patent No. 10,421,936. In February 2022, the PTAB issued a decision denying IPR on U.S. Patent No. 10,739,270.
In August 2020, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against AbCellera and Lineage BioSciences, Inc., an entity previously acquired by AbCellera (“AbCellera IV”). The complaint included two counts of unfair competition and one count of a declaratory judgment of non-infringement of U.S. Patent No. 10,058,839. The Company was seeking, among other things, damages and a judgment of non-infringement. In October 2020, the Company filed an amended complaint asserting the same three counts and AbCellera and Lineage filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was granted, without prejudice, in part. In light of the Company’s amended answer and counterclaims in the consolidated lawsuits, which were amended to include its federal and state unfair competition claims as discussed above, in July 2021 the Company filed a notice of dismissal without prejudice in the AbCellera IV lawsuit, resulting in its termination.
The Company believes that the patent assertions by AbCellera and UBC are without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously. The Company also intends to proceed with its claims and counterclaims against AbCellera and UBC. Outcomes in litigation can be uncertain and it is possible a court may disagree with the Company’s positions. An adverse determination in these lawsuits could subject the Company to significant liabilities, require it to seek licenses from or pay royalties to AbCellera and/or UBC, or prevent it from manufacturing, selling or using certain of its products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Securities Class Action
15
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
In December 2021, Victor J. Ng filed a securities class action on behalf of all purchasers of Berkeley Lights common stock between July 17, 2020 and September 14, 2021, inclusive, alleging that the Company and certain of the Company’s current and former senior executives had violated §§10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder (the “Securities Class Action”). The Company believes that the assertions in the Securities Class Action are without merit and intends to defend itself vigorously. Outcomes in litigation can be uncertain and it is possible a court may disagree with the Company’s positions. An adverse determination in the Securities Class Action could subject the Company to significant liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Derivative Action
In March 2022, Trung Nguyen filed a shareholder derivative complaint on behalf of nominal defendant Berkeley Lights, Inc., alleging that certain of the Company’s current and former directors and certain of the Company’s current and former senior executives breached their fiduciary duties to the Company. The complaint also alleged that certain of the Company’s current and former directors and former senior executives used material, non-public information to improperly profit from the sale of Company stock, and that certain of the Company’s current and former senior executives owe the Company contribution for violations of sections 10(b) and 21D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Company is not currently involved in any other claims or legal actions, nor is management aware of any potential claims or legal actions, for which the ultimate disposition could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
No provision has been made for litigation because the Company believes that it is not probable that a liability had been incurred as of March 31, 2022.
Product Warranty
The Company provides a 13-month assurance-type warranty, generally beginning on the shipment date, on its platforms and chip consumables. The table below represents the activity in the product warranty accrual included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Balance, beginning of period$1,085 $1,271 
Adjustments to existing warranties(245)(218)
Provision for new warranties163 375 
Settlement of pre-existing warranties(89)(160)
Balance, end of period$914 $1,268 
(14)Net Loss Attributable to Common Stockholders Per Share
Potentially issuable shares of common stock include shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding employee stock option awards. Awards granted with performance conditions are excluded from the shares used to compute diluted earnings per share until the performance conditions associated with the awards are met.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, except share and per share data):
16
Berkeley Lights, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Numerator
Net loss attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted$(21,426)$(15,435)
Denominator
Weighted-average shares used to compute net income per share, basic and diluted67,697,48865,259,398
Net loss per share
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted$(0.32)$(0.24)
Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive. The following weighted-average common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented as they had an anti-dilutive effect:
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
Options to purchase common stock7,020,591 8,399,147 
Restricted stock units3,629,310 356,725 
Total10,649,901 8,755,872 
(15)Segments
Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has one business activity and there are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations. Accordingly, the Company has one operating segment. The Company’s principal operations and decision-making functions are located in the United States.
The following table provides the Company’s revenues by geographical market based on the location where the services were provided or to which product was shipped (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
20222021
North America$13,715 $7,362 
Asia Pacific (1)5,035 8,431 
Europe1,456 2,835 
Total$20,206 $18,628 
(1) Asia Pacific includes Australia.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets were located in the United States.
17

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 concerning our business, operations and financial performance and condition, as well as our plans, objectives and expectations for our business, operations and financial performance and condition. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “positioned,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words.
Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be inaccurate. Furthermore, if the forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 included in Annual Report on Form 10-K and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2022. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our other reports filed with the SEC.
Overview
Berkeley Lights is a leading Digital Cell Biology company focused on enabling and accelerating the rapid development and commercialization of biotherapeutics and other cell-based products. The Berkeley Lights Platform captures deep phenotypic, functional and genotypic information for thousands of single cells in parallel and can also deliver the live biology customers desire in the form of the best cells. This is a new way to capture and interpret the qualitative language of biology and translate it into single-cell specific digital information, referred to as Digital Cell Biology. We currently focus on enabling the large and rapidly growing markets of antibody therapeutics, cell therapy, gene therapy, agricultural biology and synthetic biology with our platform.
The Berkeley Lights Platform can be used to characterize the performance of cells relevant to the desired cell-based product early in the discovery process and then connect this phenotypic data to the genetic code for each
18

cell. In contrast, current genomic technologies find sequences first and fail to deliver the functional information early in the process. Performing functional validation early means letting poorly performing cells fail early while rapidly advancing the best candidates forward, before incurring significant research and development expense. Our platform repeats this process of fail and advance many times throughout the process, delivering the best cells for what we believe will deliver the best product.
Our platform is a fully integrated, end-to-end solution, comprised of advanced automation systems, proprietary consumables, including our OptoSelect chips and reagent kits, and advanced application and workflow software. Customers load onto our system their live cell samples, as well as media and reagents, then the cells are imported onto our OptoSelect chips where integrated workflows are performed to assess specific cell functions and attributes. Our platform captures and delivers rich single-cell data to find the best cells. Our platform leverages our proprietary OptoElectro Positioning (“OEP”) technology, which enables deterministic positioning of living single cells and other micro-objects using light. OEP is a core technology of our platform and allows for a high level of control over live single cells or other micro-objects throughout the functional characterization process.
Our commercial workflows, each of which are distinct offerings, are made up of four modules we call Import, Culture, Assay and Export. These modules can be adapted, interchanged and deployed with a variety of single-cell assays to address specific applications and a variety of cell types. We believe this versatility facilitates rapid development of new workflow offerings and virtually unlimited workflow commercialization opportunities. We have developed and will continue to develop and commercialize proprietary workflows across large markets by leveraging existing workflows and assays. Over time, our goal is to enable customers to standardize many of their processes on our platform utilizing our workflows. We believe we are the only company commercializing a platform that can do this in a scalable way.
We commercially launched our platform in December of 2016, which included the Beacon system and the alpha version of our Opto Cell Line Development 1.0 workflow, targeted to the antibody therapeutics market. From the initial launch of our platform through March 31, 2022, we have commercially launched ten workflows. In June of 2019, we launched our desktop Lightning system targeted for assay development and lower throughput workflows, and in early 2020 we launched our Culture Station instrument.
We focus a substantial portion of our resources on platform, workflow and assay development, as well as on business development and sales and marketing. Our research and development efforts are primarily focused on developing new workflows and assay capabilities, as well as new advanced systems and OptoSelect chips and reagent kits, to meet both our customers’ needs and to address new markets.
We generally outsource all of our production manufacturing. Design work, prototyping and pilot manufacturing are performed in-house before outsourcing to third party contract manufacturers. Our outsourced production strategy is intended to drive cost leverage and scale, and avoid the high capital outlays and fixed costs related to constructing and operating a manufacturing facility. The contract manufacturers of our systems are located in the United States. Contract manufacturers for reagent kits and OptoSelect chip components are located in the United States, Asia and Europe. Certain of our suppliers of components and materials are single source suppliers. We perform final manufacture and assembly steps of our OptoSelect chips in-house.
Our customer base includes several of the largest biopharmaceutical companies in the world, as well as biotechnology companies, leading contract research organizations, synthetic biology companies and academic institutions. While we have seen significant growth in our customer and installed base, we believe we are still in the very early stages of platform adoption, with the majority our historical revenue derived from early adopters of our technology for research and development purposes.
We have financed our operations primarily from the issuance and sale of equity securities, borrowings under our long-term debt agreement, and to a lesser extent from cash generated by product and service sales. On July 21, 2020, we closed our initial public offering (the “IPO”), in which we sold 9,315,000 shares of common stock
19

(which included 1,215,000 shares that were sold pursuant to the full exercise of the IPO underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares) at a price to the public of $22.00 per share. We received aggregate net proceeds of $187.9 million after deducting, offering costs, underwriting discounts and commissions of $17.0 million.
Since our inception in 2011, we have incurred net losses in each year. Our net losses were $21.4 million and $15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $285.0 million and cash and cash equivalents totaling $164.7 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future.
Certain of our financial results and other key operational developments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 include the following:
•Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $20.2 million compared to $18.6 million for the same period in 2021.
•Gross profit in absolute dollars and gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased compared to the same period in 2021.
COVID-19 Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and continues to have, a significant impact around the world, prompting governments and businesses to take unprecedented measures, including temporary closures of businesses, quarantines and shelter in place orders. Pandemic related lockdowns in China throughout the first quarter of 2022 adversely impacted the operation of our office in Shanghai which is where the majority of our employees in our Asia Pacific region reside. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, our production, shipping and customer service functions have remained operational to maintain a continuous supply of products both to our customers and for our internal research and development activities. We continue to closely monitoring global supply issues around materials, parts and components, including plastics and integrated circuit chips, and we have not experienced any material supply issue to date. The ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our operations and financial performance in future periods remains uncertain and will depend on many factors outside our control, including the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic, the emergence of new variants, the development, availability, distribution and effectiveness of vaccines and treatments, and related government actions to prevent and manage disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Refer to Part I, Item 1A of our 2021 Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors” for more information.
Components of results of operations
Revenue
Our revenue consists of both product revenue and service revenue, which is generated through the following revenue streams: (i) direct platform sales, (ii) recurring revenue, and (iii) strategic partnerships and services agreements. Sales of advanced automation systems, recurring revenue from consumables, workflow subscription agreements, and workflow licenses are defined as product revenue, and revenue from strategic partnership and services agreements and extended or enhanced warranty contracts, feasibility studies and platform support are defined as service revenue in our consolidated results of operations. We launched our Tech Access subscription model in June 2021.




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The following tables provide an overview of our revenue streams and how we report revenue in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss (in thousands):

Income Statement Classification
Product or Service sold
Revenue Stream
Product revenue
Sale of advanced automation system (Beacon and Lightning system, Culture Station)
Direct platform sales
Software
Direct platform sales
Fixed term sales-type lease arrangements with qualified customers
Direct platform sales
Annual renewable workflow licenses, quarterly workflow subscriptions, annual or multi-year subscriptions arrangements (e.g. TechAccess)
Recurring revenue
Consumables and reagent kits (e.g. OptoSelect chips)
Recurring revenue
Service revenue
Strategic partnerships, joint development and collaboration agreements where we provide services for development of new workflows, cells or organism types
Strategic partnerships and services
Application support, installation and training
Direct platform sales
Fixed fee extended warranty and service programs
Recurring revenue

We renamed our joint development and partnership offering to strategic partnerships and services in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Three months ended March 31, 2022
ProductServiceTotal
(in thousands)
Direct platform sales$6,747 $657 $7,404 
Recurring revenue3,027 2,416 5,443 
Strategic partnerships and services— 7,359 7,359 
Total revenue$9,774 $10,432 $20,206 

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Three months ended March 31, 2021
ProductServiceTotal
(in thousands)
Direct platform sales$10,586 $530 $11,116 
Recurring revenue2,947 1,447 4,394 
Strategic partnerships and services— 3,118 3,118 
Total revenue$13,533 $5,095 $18,628 

The following table provides information by revenue stream for the periods presented:
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021ChangeChange
Direct platform sales$7,404 $11,116 $(3,712)(33)%
Recurring revenue5,443 4,394 1,049 24 %
Strategic partnerships and services7,359 3,118 4,241 136 %
Total revenue$20,206 $18,628 $1,578 8 %
Costs of sales, gross profit and gross margin
Product cost of sales. Cost of sales associated with our products primarily consists of manufacturing related costs incurred in the production process, including personnel and related costs, costs of component materials, labor and overhead, packaging and delivery costs and allocated costs, including facilities and information technology. These costs also include the costs associated with the standard assurance-type product warranty provided on our platforms, which are recorded at the time of sale.
Service cost of sales. Cost of sales associated with our services primarily consists of personnel and related costs, expenses related to the development of customized platforms and workflows, feasibility studies on our platforms and service and warranty costs to support our customers. We maintain continuous efforts to increase reliability and uptime of our advanced automation systems.
Gross profit and gross margin. Gross profit is calculated as revenue less cost of sales. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenue. Our gross profit in future periods will depend on a variety of factors, including: market conditions that may impact our pricing; sales mix among platform access options, including the regional mix of sales; sales mix changes among consumables, advanced automation systems and services; product mix changes between established products and new products; excess and obsolete inventories; our cost structure for manufacturing operations relative to volume; and product warranty obligations. We expect cost of sales to increase in absolute dollars in future periods as our revenue grows, and as we plan to hire additional employees to support our manufacturing, operations, service and support organizations.
Gross profit was $13.8 million and $12.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Operating expenses
Research and development. Research and development costs primarily consist of salaries, benefits, incentive compensation, stock-based compensation, laboratory supplies, materials expenses and allocated facilities and IT costs for employees and contractors engaged in research and product development. We expense all research and development costs in the period in which they are incurred.
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We plan to continue to invest in our research and development efforts, including hiring additional employees, to enhance existing products and develop new products. As a result, we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods. We expect these expenses to vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation costs for employees in our executive, accounting and finance, legal and human resource functions, as well as professional services fees, such as consulting, audit, tax and legal fees, general corporate costs and allocated overhead expenses. We expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollars, primarily due to increased headcount to support anticipated growth in the business and due to incremental costs associated with operating as a public company. We expect these expenses to vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue.
Sales and marketing. Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits, sales commissions and stock-based compensation costs for employees within our commercial sales functions, as well as marketing, travel expenses and allocated facilities and IT costs. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our commercial sales, marketing and business development teams, increase our presence globally and increase marketing activities to drive awareness and adoption of our platform. While these expenses may vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue, we expect these expenses to increase as a percent of sales in the short-term as we continue to grow our commercial organization to support anticipated growth in the business.
Other income (expense)
Interest expense. Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to borrowings under our debt obligations.
Interest income. Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents which are invested in cash deposits and in money market funds.
Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of foreign currency exchange gains and losses. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses relate to transactions and asset and liability balances denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily related to our operations in the United Kingdom and China. We expect our foreign currency gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
Provision for income taxes
Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign taxes and state taxes in the United States. The Company maintains a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets and intends to do so until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances. As we expand the scale and scope of our international business activities, any changes in taxation of such activities may increase our overall provision for income taxes in the future.
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Results of operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented:
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Revenue:
Product revenue$9,774 $13,533 
Service revenue10,432 5,095 
Total revenue20,206 18,628 
Cost of sales:
Product cost of sales2,695 3,703 
Service cost of sales3,684 2,474 
Total cost of sales (1)
6,379 6,177 
Gross profit13,827 12,451 
Operating expenses:
Research and development (1)
17,573 13,027 
General and administrative (1)
11,716 8,967 
Sales and marketing (1)
5,811 5,606 
Total operating expenses35,100 27,600 
Loss from operations(21,273)(15,149)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense(224)(354)
Interest income34 66 
Other income, net57 19 
Loss before income taxes(21,406)(15,418)
Provision for income taxes20 17 
Net loss and comprehensive loss$(21,426)$(15,435)
(1)Amounts include stock-based compensation as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Cost of sales$51 $42 
Research and development1,581 1,061 
General and administrative2,211 1,372 
Sales and marketing1,550 2,019 
Total stock-based compensation expense$5,393 $4,494 

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Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Product revenue$9,774 $13,533 $(3,759)(28 %)
Service revenue10,432 5,095 5,337 105 %
Total revenue$20,206 $18,628 $1,578 8 %
Product revenue decreased by $3.8 million, or 28%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by lower platform sales of $2.1 million and lower revenue from lease arrangements of $1.7 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we sold four platforms as compared to eight platforms sold in the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Service revenue increased by $5.3 million, or 105%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by higher revenue associated with strategic partnerships and services agreements of $4.2 million as a result of the execution of new customer agreements as well as an increase from sales in service warranty and application support arrangements of $1.1 million.
Our product and service revenue can fluctuate from period to period as a result of, among other things, the timing of the sales cycles for our platforms, such as the Beacon and Lightning, as well as the timing of revenues recognized under our strategic partnership and services agreements.
Cost of sales, gross profit and gross margin
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Product cost of sales$2,695$3,703$(1,008)(27 %)
Service cost of sales3,6842,4741,210 49 %
Total cost of sales$6,379$6,177$202 3 %
Gross profit$13,827$12,451$1,376 11 %
Gross margin68 %67 %
Product cost of sales decreased by $1.0 million, or 27%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021, primarily as a result of lower product revenues.
Service cost of sales increased by $1.2 million, or 49% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to costs incurred for strategic partnerships and services agreements, as well as increased costs for extended warranty services as a result of the nature and timing of work performed under such arrangements.
Gross profit increased by $1.4 million, or 11%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. Gross margin increased by 1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase in gross margin was driven by the mix of products sold and services provided in the quarter, primarily due to the fact that the strategic partnerships and
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services agreements we entered into in 2021 have a higher margin than our previous strategic partnership and services agreements.
Operating expenses
Research and development
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Research and development$17,573 $13,027 $4,546 35 %
Research and development expense increased by $4.5 million, or 35%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was due to a $2.4 million increase in personnel-related expenses, including a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, primarily due to increased headcount as a result of our continued growth, as well as a $2.1 million increase in other costs, which primarily represent testing and qualification materials and other costs related to various projects to develop and improve systems, workflows, consumables and assays.
General and administrative
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
General and administrative $11,716 $8,967 $2,749 31 %
General and administrative expense increased by $2.7 million, or 31%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was due to a $1.6 million increase in personnel-related expenses, including a $0.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expense, a $1.1 million increase in other costs, primarily consisting of IT expenses, including software subscription fees, outside legal fees, including patent litigation and consulting fees.
Sales and marketing
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Sales and marketing$5,811 $5,606 $205 4 %
Sales and marketing expense increased by $0.2 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $0.6 million increase in marketing, advertising and other costs, partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in personnel and related costs primarily as a result of lower stock-based compensation.




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Interest expense
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Interest expense$224 $354 $(130)(37 %)
Interest expense decreased by $0.1 million, or 37%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a result of refinancing our loan from East West Bank, which now carries a lower interest rate.
Interest income
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Interest income $34 $66 $(32)(48 %)
Interest income resulted primarily from our cash and short-term deposits. The decrease was primarily due to lower interest received on our cash and short-term deposits due to lower average cash balances during the first quarter of 2022.
Other income (expense), net
Three months ended March 31,Three month change
(in thousands, except percentages)20222021Amount%
Other income, net $57 $19 $38 200 %
Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was mainly comprised of foreign exchange gains and losses and other miscellaneous income.
Liquidity and capital resources
As of March 31, 2022, we had approximately $164.7 million in cash and cash equivalents which were primarily held in U.S. short-term bank deposit accounts and money market funds. Restricted cash of $0.3 million serves as collateral for our corporate credit card program. We have generated negative cash flows from operations since inception through March 31, 2022.
We expect to incur additional operating losses in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in the research and development of our product offerings, commercialize and launch platforms, and expand into new markets. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our revenue growth rate, research and development efforts, the timing and extent of additional capital expenditures to invest in existing and new facilities as well as our manufacturing operations, the expansion of sales and marketing and the introduction of new products. Our future capital needs may also depend upon the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have and may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, services and technologies, and any such acquisitions or investments could significantly increase our capital needs.
Based on our current business plan, we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months.
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Sources of liquidity
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily from the issuance and sale of our equity securities, borrowings under long-term debt agreements, and to a lesser extent, cash generated by product and service sales. In July 2020, we completed our IPO, resulting in the receipt of aggregate proceeds of $187.9 million, net of offering costs, underwriter discounts and commissions of $17.0 million.
East West Bank Loan and Security Agreement
On May 23, 2018, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with East West Bank (“EWB”) providing it the ability to borrow up to $20.0 million. The loan facility was fully drawn as of May 23, 2018.
On June 30, 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) with EWB. Pursuant to the Agreement, EWB provided a $20.0 million term loan (the “Term Loan”) which was used to refinance the term loan outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement dated May 23, 2018. The Term Loan matures in 48 months and bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.17%. The Term Loan has an initial interest-only period of 24 months, which can be extended to up to 36 months based on the achievement of certain liquidity measures, and can be pre-paid without penalty at any time.
The Agreement grants EWB a security interest in and liens on all of our assets, excluding intellectual property, which is subject to a double negative pledge. In addition, certain other terms of the original agreements as previously in effect were amended by the Agreement, including certain financial covenants. The Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was accounted for as a debt modification and we capitalized incremental debt issuance costs.
Furthermore, the Agreement also provided the Company with a new $10.0 million revolving credit line (the “Revolving Line”), which bears interest on the outstanding daily balance thereof of 0.70% above the Prime Rate (as defined in the Agreement). No amount was outstanding under the Revolving Line as at March 31, 2022.
We were in compliance with all covenants under the Agreement as of March 31, 2022.
Cash flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:
Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)20222021
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities$(10,069)$(11,360)
Investing activities(4,375)(402)
Financing activities1,022 8,519 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash$(13,422)$(3,243)

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a net loss of $21.4 million, partially offset by non-cash adjustments of $8.3 million, mainly consisting of stock-based compensation and depreciation expense and a net cash inflow from changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $3.0 million, primarily due to a decrease in our accounts receivable.

Net cash used in operating activities of $11.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily due to a net loss of $15.4 million and net cash outflows of $2.3 million from changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by non-cash charges of $6.4 million, mainly consisting of stock-based
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compensation and depreciation. Cash outflow from our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in inventories resulting from an increase raw materials and finished goods to support revenue growth and anticipated demand, an increase of $3.5 million in accounts receivable due to an in increase in revenue and the timing of invoicing and a $1.0 million increase in prepaid and other current assets resulting from the overall growth in our business and operations, partially offset by a $5.7 million increase in deferred revenue and accounts payable due to the timing of advanced billings and revenue recognition as well as the timing of vendor invoicing and related payments.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021. Capital expenditures for the first quarter of 2022 include the expansion of our BioFoundry operations to support current and planned programs as well as leasehold improvements related to our new offices in Boston, Massachusetts. Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2021, exclude a $2.8 million non-cash transfer of Beacons that were purchased into inventory and later transferred to property and equipment. As a result of the growth of our BioFoundry operations, including growth in the number of Beacons used to fulfill strategic partnerships and services agreements, beginning in the third quarter of 2021, Beacons that at inception are planned to be used in our BioFoundry operations are categorized as “Purchase of property and equipment.”
Financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 related to proceeds received from the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of stock options as well as proceeds received related to the issuance of common stock under our employee stock purchase plan.
Concentration of credit risk
Most of the Company’s customers are located in the United States and Asia Pacific. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, three customers accounted for 18%, 13% and 10% of revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, two customers accounted for 11%, and 10% of revenue.
As of March 31, 2022, four customers comprised 22%, 14%, 11% and 10% of accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, three customers accounted for 15%, 11% and 11% of accounts receivable.
Contractual obligations and commitments
There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2022, as compared to those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
We do not have, and did not have during the periods presented, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Critical accounting policies and estimates
We have prepared our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Our preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue,
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expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could therefore differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022, with the following exceptions.
Stock-Based Compensation
We maintain an incentive compensation plan under which incentive stock options and restricted stock units (“RSU”) are granted to employees and non-employee consultants.
Stock-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value of the award. We determine the fair value of RSUs based on the closing value of our stock price listed on the Nasdaq at the date of the grant.
We estimate the fair value of the majority of stock option awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For option awards that include a performance goal tied to the Company share price (i.e. a market condition) we use a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the fair value.
The fair value of stock option and RSUs with only a service condition is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest and forfeitures are recognized as they occur.
Stock options and RSUs that include a service condition and a performance condition are considered expected to vest when the performance condition is probable of being met. Compensation expense associated with performance awards that are determined to be probable of achievement is recognized over the requisite service period on a tranche-by-tranche basis.
For performance stock options and awards not initially assessed as probable of achievement, we record a cumulative adjustment to compensation expense in the period we change our determination that a performance condition becomes probable of being achieved. We cease recognition of compensation expense in any periods where we determine the attainment of a performance condition is no longer probable. If the performance goals are determined to be improbable, any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed.
The fair value of stock options with a market condition is recognized over the requisite service period for each tranche of the award and is recognized regardless of whether (or to what extent) the market condition is ultimately achieved.
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Interest rate risk
Customer financing exposure. We are indirectly exposed to interest rate risk because many of our customers depend on debt financings to purchase our platforms and systems. An increase in interest rates could make it challenging for our customers to obtain the capital necessary to make such purchases on favorable terms, or at all. Such factors could reduce demand or lower the price we can charge for our platforms and systems, thereby reducing our net sales and gross profit.
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Bank deposit and money market exposure. As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash, of $164.9 million, which consisted primarily of money market funds and bank deposits. The primary objective of our investment is to preserve principal and provide liquidity. These money market funds and bank deposits generate interest income at variable rates below 1%. A hypothetical 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would have no material effect on our interest income and financial results.
Foreign currency risk
Through March 31, 2022, we did not generate any revenue denominated in foreign currencies. While we incur certain expenses in foreign currencies, especially related to our foreign offices, the impact of changes in exchange rates has been immaterial as of March 31, 2022 for these expenses. As we expand our presence in international markets, to the extent we are required to enter into agreements denominated in a currency other than the US dollar, our results of operations and cash flows may increasingly be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements with respect to foreign currency risk. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of March 31, 2022 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We also carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our “internal control over financial reporting” to determine whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there were no such changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls
Control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control systems’ objectives are being met. Further, the design of any system of controls must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of all controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of error or mistake. Control systems can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there
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can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.
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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION.
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.
See Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for legal proceedings and related matters.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our future financial and operating results include those discussed in the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022. The risks described in our Form 10-K and this Report are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we do not currently consider significant may also have an adverse effect on the Company. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition could suffer.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Sale of Unregistered Securities
There were no unregistered sales of the Company's equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Use of Proceeds from our IPO
On July 21, 2020, we closed our IPO, in which we issued and sold 9,315,000 shares of our common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, at a public offering price of $22.00 per share for aggregate offering proceeds of $204.9 million. All of the shares of common stock issued and sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-239487), which was declared effective by the SEC on July 16, 2020.
Cash used since the IPO is described elsewhere in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our periodic reports filed with the SEC. As of the date of this filing, there has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our IPO as described in the final prospectus for our IPO dated July 16, 2020 filed with the SEC on July 17, 2020.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Not applicable.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information.
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:
Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit NumberExhibit TitleFormFile No.ExhibitFiling DateFiled Herewith
8-K001-393883.17/21/2020
8-K001-393883.27/21/2020
8-K001-3938810.13/2/2022
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.X
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.X
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase DocumentX
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.X
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.X
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.X
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - formatted in Inline XBRL and included as Exhibit 101X
*This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in such filings
34

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Berkeley Lights, Inc.


Date:5/9/2022By:  /s/ J. Paul McClaskey
J. Paul McClaskey
Chief Accounting Officer
(Authorized Signatory and Principal Financial Officer)
35

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