Form S-1/A INTELLIGENT BIO SOLUTION

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 22, 2023

 

Registration No. 333-273219

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

AMENDMENT NO. 4

 

TO

 

Form S-1

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

INTELLIGENT BIO SOLUTIONS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware		3829		82-1512711
(State or other jurisdiction of		(Primary Standard Industrial		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Classification Code Number)		Identification Number)

 

142 West 57^th Street, 11^th Floor

New York, New York 10019

Telephone: (646) 828-8258

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of

registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

Harry Simeonidis

Chief Executive Officer and President

142 West 57^th Street, 11^th Floor

New York, New York 10019

Telephone: (646) 828-8258

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copy to:

 

Ralph V. De Martino, Esq. Johnathan Duncan, Esq. ArentFox Schiff LLP 901 K Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20001 Telephone: (202) 724-6848

Michael F. Nertney, Esq. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10105-0302 (212) 370-1300

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the registration statement becomes effective.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box. ☒

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

 

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒		Smaller reporting company ☒
		Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion, dated September 22, 2023

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

 

 

INTELLIGENT BIO SOLUTIONS INC.

 

2,985,074 Class A Units consisting of shares of Common Stock, Series E Warrants and Series F Warrants and/or 2,985,074 Class B Units consisting of shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series E Warrants and Series F Warrants (and shares of common stock underlying shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, Series E Warrants and Series F Warrants)

 

This preliminary prospectus (“prospectus”) relates to the offering of 2,985,074 Class A Units of Intelligent Bio Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Class A Units”) at an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit, the last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023. Each Class A Unit consists of one share of our common stock, one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $         per share (or          % of the price of each Class A Unit sold in the offering) which will expire on the five-and-a-half-year anniversary of the original issuance date (the “Series E Warrants”) and one warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at an exercise price of $         per share (or          % of the price of each Class A Unit sold in the offering) or pursuant to alternate cashless exercise option, which warrant will expire on the one-and-a-half-year anniversary of the original issuance date (the “Series F Warrants” and together with the Series E Warrants, the “Warrants”). Under the alternate cashless exercise option of the Series F Warrants, the holder of the Series F Warrant (beginning on the date of the Warrant Stockholder Approval (described below)), has the right to receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the Series F Warrant and (y) 1.0. The Series E Warrants contain a one-time reset of the exercise price to a price equal to the lesser of (i) the then exercise price and (ii) 90% of the five-day volume weighted average price for the five trading days immediately following the date the Company effects a reverse stock split. The Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the effective date of such stockholder approvals as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market (or any successor entity) to permit the exercise of the Warrants (“Warrant Stockholder Approval”).

 

We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of Class A Units in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if any such purchaser so chooses, Class B Units, in lieu of Class A Units that would otherwise result in such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock. Each Class B Unit consists of one share of our Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (which shall convertible into one share of common stock) (the “Series E Convertible Preferred Stock”), one Series E Warrant and one Series F Warrant (together with the shares of common stock underlying such shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and such Warrants, the “Class B Units” and, together with the Class A Units, the “units”) at an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class B Unit.

 

The Class A Units and the Class B Units have no stand-along rights and will not be issued or certificated as stand-alone securities. The shares of common stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants comprising such units are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. The shares of common stock or Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, as the case may be, and the Warrants included in the Class A Units and the Class B Units can only be purchased together in this offering, but the securities contained in the Class A Units or Class B Units will be immediately separable upon issuance and will be issued separately. The shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Warrants are also being offered by this prospectus.

 

Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “INBS”. There is no established trading market for the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or Warrants.

 

We have assumed a public offering price of $1.34 per unit, which represents the last reported sale price of our common stock as reported on September 19, 2023. The final public offering price will be determined through negotiation between us and the underwriters in the offering and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final public offering price.

 

There is no established trading market for the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants being offered, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants on any national securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants will be limited. Except as otherwise indicated, all share and per share information in this prospectus gives effect to the reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock, which was effected at a ratio of one-for-twenty as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on February 9, 2023.

 

 

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment decision, you should carefully read the discussion of the material risks of investing in securities in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Per Class A Unit(1)

Per Class B Unit(2)

Total

Public offering price

$

$

$

Underwriter discounts and commissions(3)

$

$

$

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

$

$

$

 

(1) The assumed public offering price and underwriting discount corresponds, in respect of the Class A Units, to (i) an assumed public offering price per share of common stock of $1.32 ($1.21 net of the underwriting discount), (ii) an assumed public offering price per Series E Warrant of $0.01 ($0.009 net of the underwriting discount) and (iii) an assumed public offering price per Series F Warrant of $0.01 ($0.009 net of the underwriting discount).

 

(2) The public offering price and underwriting discount in respect of the Class B Units corresponds to (i) an assumed public offering price per share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock of $1.32 ($1.21 net of the underwriting discount), (ii) an assumed public offering price per Series E Warrant of $0.01 ($0.009 net of the underwriting discount) and (iii) an assumed public offering price per Series F Warrant of $0.01 ($0.009 net of the underwriting discount).

 

(3) We have agreed to pay certain expenses of the underwriters in this offering. We refer you to “Underwriting” on page 88 for additional information regarding underwriting compensation.

 

The offering is being underwritten on a firm commitment basis. We have granted a 45-day option to the underwriters to purchase up to an additional 447,761 shares of common stock and/or Series E Warrants to purchase up to an additional 447,761 shares of common stock and/or Series F Warrants to purchase up to an additional 447,761 shares of common stock from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts payable by us, to cover over-allotments, if any. The option may be used to purchase shares of common stock and/or Warrants, or any combination thereof, as determined by the underwriters.

 

One or more of our directors and executive officers have indicated interest in participating in this offering at the public offering price and on the same terms as the other purchasers in this offering. However, because indications of interest are not binding, we cannot guarantee if any officer or director will participate in this offering.

 

Under Australian law, the Company is not required to be a holder of an Australian Financial Services License in order to issue securities in itself by reason of s 766(4) of the Australian Corporations Act 2001 given the nature of its business which is not one to which s 766(5) would apply and persons who are sophisticated investors within the meaning of Section 708(8) of the Australian Corporations Act, 2001 may participate in the selling syndicate in connection.

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the securities to investors on or about     , 2023.

 

Sole Book-Running Manager

 

Ladenburg Thalmann

 

The date of this prospectus is                       , 2023

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

	Page
SUMMARY	1
THE OFFERING	10
RISK FACTORS	12
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	38
USE OF PROCEEDS	38
CAPITALIZATION	39
DILUTION	40
DIVIDEND POLICY	41
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	42
BUSINESS	49
MANAGEMENT	67
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	70
EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION	73
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP	78
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	80
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING	85
UNDERWRITING	88
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK	92
LEGAL MATTERS	95
EXPERTS	95
CHANGE IN INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM	95
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	96
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE	97
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-1

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Before making your investment decision, we urge you to carefully read this prospectus and all of the information contained in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, as well as the additional information described under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.”

 

This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities described in this prospectus or an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstances in which such offer or solicitation is unlawful. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed materially since those dates.

 

Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer or sale is not permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities and the information in any free writing prospectus that we may provide to you in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the date of that free writing prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date — for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus — the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

 

We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference herein were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreement, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

 

For investors outside the United States: We have not, and the underwriters have not, done anything that would permit this offering, or possession or distribution of this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

 

The offer contained in this document is not available to persons located in Australia unless they are a “sophisticated investor” within the meaning of Section 708(8) of the Australian Corporations Act, 2001.

 

MARKET, INDUSTRY AND OTHER DATA

 

This prospectus includes industry and market data that we obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys, filings of public companies in our industry and internal company surveys. These sources may include government and industry sources. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Although we believe the industry and market data to be reliable as of the date of this prospectus, this information could prove to be inaccurate. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. In addition, we do not know all of the assumptions regarding general economic conditions or growth that were used in preparing the forecasts from the sources relied upon or cited herein.

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference and does not contain all of the information that you need to consider in making your investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the risks of investing in our securities discussed under “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus, the information incorporated herein by reference, including our financial statements, and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. All references in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” “IBS,” “INBS,” “GBS Inc.,” “GBS,” the “Company” and similar designations refer to Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc., unless otherwise indicated or as the context otherwise requires.

 

All trademarks or trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this prospectus are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend the use or display of other companies’ trademarks and trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

 

Overview of our Company

 

Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (formerly known as GBS Inc.), and its wholly owned Delaware subsidiary, GBS Operations Inc. were each formed on December 5, 2016, under the laws of the state of Delaware. Our Australian subsidiary Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd (formerly known as Glucose Biosensor Systems (Greater China) Pty Ltd) was formed on August 4, 2016, under the laws of New South Wales, Australia and was renamed to Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd on January 6, 2023. On October 4, 2022, INBS acquired Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (“IFP”), a company registered in England and Wales (the “IFP Acquisition”). Our headquarters are in New York, New York.

 

We are a medical technology company focused on developing and delivering non-invasive, rapid and pain free innovative testing and screening solutions. We operate globally with the objective of providing intelligent, pain-free, and accessible solutions that improve the quality of life.

 

Our current product portfolio includes:

 

	●	Intelligent Fingerprinting Platform - Our proprietary portable platform analyzes fingerprint sweat using a one-time (recyclable) cartridge and portable handheld reader. Our flagship product from this platform, which is commercially available in certain countries outside of the United States, is the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System (the “IFP System” or “IFP Products”), a two-part system that consists of non-invasive, sweat-based fingerprint diagnostic testing products designed to detect drugs of abuse including opioids, cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, methadone, and buprenorphine. The system comprises a small, tamper-evident drug screening cartridge onto which ten fingerprint sweat samples are collected in under a minute, before the portable analysis unit provides an on-screen result in under ten minutes. Samples collected with our confirmatory kits can also be sent to a third-party laboratory service provider to perform confirmation testing. Customers include safety-critical industries such as construction, transportation and logistics firms, manufacturing, engineering, drug treatment organizations in the rehabilitation sector, and judicial organizations.
	●	The Biosensor Platform – Our “Biosensor Platform” consists of a small, printable modified organic thin-film transistor strip that we license across the Asia Pacific Region from Life Science Biosensor Diagnostics Pty Ltd (“LSBD” or “Licensor”). The Biosensor Platform, which is designed to detect multiple biological analytes by substituting the Glucose Oxidase (“GOX”) enzyme with a suitable alternative for each analyte, is currently in the development stage. Our flagship product candidate based on the Biosensor Platform technology is the Saliva Glucose Biosensor (“SGB” and, together with a software app that interfaces the SGB with the Company’s digital information system, the Saliva Glucose Test or “SGT”), a Point of Care Test (POCT) expected to complement the finger pricking invasive blood glucose monitoring test for diabetic patients. Our products based on the SGT are referred to herein as the “SGT products.”

 

These platform technologies have the potential to develop a range of POCT including the modalities of clinical chemistry, immunology, tumor markers, allergens, and endocrinology.

 

  

Our principal objectives are:

 

●	Expansion of the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System into new markets and within existing markets concentrating on:

 

	○	increasing market share across the United Kingdom and mainland Europe;
	○	commencing sales and distribution throughout Australia, New Zealand and other countries in the Asia Pacific region, and establishing the infrastructure and satisfying the regulatory requirements needed to do so;
	○	commencing the 510(k) pre-market notification process for expansion into United States markets that require FDA approval;
	○	initiating research aimed at broadening the capabilities of the Intelligent Fingerprinting System to test for additional drugs and indications, facilitating the expansion of the platform into point-of-care medical testing;
	○	expanding the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System into new customer segments, including major sporting organizations, law enforcement, and commercial airlines; and
	○	developing a strategic network of distributors with established customer bases throughout Asia Pacific, Europe and North America to distribute the IFP product.

 

●	To complete development and commercialize the SGB, the diagnostic test that stems from the Biosensor Platform that we license from LSBD, in the regions covered by the license.

 

We plan to develop the platforms further to test across the diagnostic modalities of immunology, hormones, chemistry, tumor markers and nucleic acid tests.

 

Our Market Opportunity

 

According to the Point of Care/Rapid Diagnostics Market by Product, Platform, Purchase, Sample, User - Global Forecast to 2027, published December 2022 by MarketsandMarkets Inc., the global market for Point of Care medical diagnostics was estimated to be $45.4 billion in 2022 rising to $75.5 billion in 2027 with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.7% from 2022 to 2027. The Company currently intends to develop pathways into areas of medical diagnostics utilizing existing technology and techniques to exploit a competitive advantage against traditional testing methodologies.

 

The Recreational Drug Monitoring Industry

 

	●	There are four categories of recreational drugs: analgesics, depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Analgesics include narcotics like heroin, morphine, fentanyl, and codeine. Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and nicotine. Stimulants include cocaine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy (MDMA).
	●	According to the 2022 World Drug Report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, around 284 million people aged 15-64 used drugs worldwide in 2020, a 26% increase over the previous decade. Young people are using more drugs, with use levels today in many countries higher than with the previous generation. In Africa and Latin America, people under 35 represent the majority of people being treated for drug use disorders. In the United States and Canada, overdose deaths, predominantly driven by an epidemic of the non-medical use of fentanyl, continue to break records.
	●	According to the White House’s 2022 National Drug Control Strategy, the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, published October 2021 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, showed that among the 41.1 million people who needed treatment for substance abuse, only 2.7 million (6.5%) received treatment at a specialty treatment facility in the past year.

 

Diabetes Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Market

 

●

According to IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition, 2021, there are 463 million individuals living with diabetes around the world in 2019 and increased to 537 million in 2021. By year 2030, the overall number of diabetics is expected to reach 643 million, and by 2045, it will reach 783 million. Therefore, the rising prevalence of diabetes is driving the growth of the self-monitoring blood glucose devices market.

 

Product Growth Strategy

 

Our goal is to increase our global footprint of the commercially available Intelligent Fingerprint products. We currently have a small but growing customer base in the UK, which we are planning to expand.

 

	●	Launch product within the Asia Pacific region starting with Australia followed by other regions including Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand the rest of Asia.
	●	Focus on marketing and digital channels to increase awareness.
	●	Establish indirect distribution to market and sell the Intelligent Fingerprint product range.
	●	Commence FDA submission for the purpose of being able to sell into the US market which represents the largest market opportunity.
	●	Leverage success in UK to enter into other European countries and the Middle East.

 

 

In addition, we are also looking to grow and expand our current product portfolio by:

 

	●	Continuing the development of the Biosensor focusing on glucose testing.
	●	Developing additional drugs to be tested on the current fingerprint platform.
	●	Developing pathways into other areas of medical diagnostics utilizing existing technology and techniques to exploit a competitive advantage against traditional testing methodologies. Examples of potential target assays include infectious diseases, fertility, tumor markers and cortisol.
	●	Identifying and leveraging growth opportunities in new markets. For example, as a result of the global progress made in mitigating the severity and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the significantly diminished demand for COVID-19 testing products, we redirected our resources and efforts away from developing products related to COVID testing to instead acquire and develop drug testing and screening systems.

 

Recent Developments

 

IFP Acquisition - Series C Preferred Stock

 

On October 4, 2022, the Company acquired Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (“IFP”), a company registered in England and Wales (the “IFP Acquisition”). Except as otherwise indicated, all share and per share information in this prospectus (including exercise prices and conversion ratios) gives effect to the reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock, which was effected at a ratio of one-for-twenty as of 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on February 9, 2023.

 

On October 4, 2022, in connection with the IFP Acquisition, the Company entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”) with IFP, the holders of all of the issued shares in the capital of IFP (collectively, the “IFP Sellers”) and the IFP Sellers’ representatives named therein.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Company, among other things, acquired from the IFP Sellers all of the issued shares in the capital of IFP, and as consideration therefor the Company issued to the IFP Sellers upon the closing of the IFP Acquisition (the “IFP Closing”) an aggregate of (i) 148,155 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Common Stock Consideration”), and (ii) 2,363,003 shares of the Company’s Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series C Preferred Stock”).

 

An additional 1,649,273 shares of Series C Preferred Stock were reserved for potential future issuance by the Company, consisting of (i) 500,000 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, that are being held back from the IFP Sellers for one year after the IFP Closing to secure potential indemnification claims by the Company against the IFP Sellers (the “Closing Holdback Shares”) and (ii) 1,149,273 shares of Series C Preferred Stock (the “Lender Preferred Shares”) underlying convertible debt (referred to herein as the “Convertible Debt”) payable to certain lenders to IFP (the “IFP Lenders”).

 

When initially issued in connection with the IFP Acquisition and prior to the Reverse Stock Split, each share of Series C Preferred Stock was convertible into three shares of common stock, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events (such as Reverse Stock Split) and contingent upon approval by the Company’s stockholders. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each share of Series C Preferred Stock is currently convertible into 0.15 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events).

 

The full conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the special meeting of the Company’s stockholders on May 8, 2023 (the “Special Meeting”). As a result of the stockholder approval, all then-outstanding shares of Series C Preferred Stock (other than the Lender Preferred Shares and shares held by the two shareholders referred to herein as the “RFA Sellers”) were automatically converted into common stock effective May 10, 2023. The IFP Lenders and RFA Sellers subsequently elected to convert the Lender Preferred Shares and all other shares Series C Preferred Stock they held into common stock effective May 10, 2023. For purposes of this prospectus, “RFA Seller” means The Ma-Ran Foundation and The Gary W. Rollins Foundation.

 

For additional information regarding the conversion of the Convertible Debt into Series C Preferred Stock and the conversion of Series C Preferred Stock into common stock, see “Prospectus Summary – Conversion of Convertible Debt and Preferred Stock.”

 

For additional information regarding the IFP Acquisition, see “Business – IFP Acquisition”.

 

December Private Placement - Series D Preferred Stock

 

On December 21, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “December Purchase Agreement”) with 14 investors (the “Series D Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Series D Investors in a Regulation S private placement (the “December Private Placement”): (i) 176,462 shares of the Company’s Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), and (ii) 529,386 warrants to purchase common stock (the “D Warrants”). The Series D Preferred Stock and D Warrants were sold together as a unit (“D Unit”), with each D Unit consisting of one share of Series D Preferred Stock and three D Warrants. An additional 26,469 warrants (the “Winx Warrants”) were issued to Winx Capital Pty Ltd., the placement agent for the December Private Placement. The Company received aggregate gross proceeds from the December Private Placement of $220,585 before deducting the placement agent’s fees and the Company’s transaction expenses. The December Private Placement closed on December 22, 2022.

 

  

The purchase price for the D Units was $1.25 per D Unit. The Unit offering price and the D Warrants exercise price were priced above the Nasdaq “Minimum Price” as that term is defined in Nasdaq Rule 5635(d)(1).

 

When initially issued in connection with the December Private Placement and prior to the Reverse Stock Split, the 176,462 outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock were convertible into 529,386 shares of common stock. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the 176,462 outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock were, at the time of conversion, convertible into an aggregate of 26,464 shares of common stock. The Company’s stockholders approved the full conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock at the Special Meeting on May 8, 2023, and the conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock was effective as of May 10, 2023. For additional information regarding the conversion of Series D Preferred Stock into common stock, see “Prospectus Summary – Conversion of Convertible Debt and Preferred Stock.”

 

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, (i) each share of Series D Preferred Stock was convertible into 0.15 shares of common stock at the time of conversion (initially three shares of common stock pre-Reverse Stock Split, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events); (ii) each D Warrant currently represents the right to purchase 0.05 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.80 per share (initially exercisable for one share of common stock with an exercise price of $0.29 per share pre-Reverse Stock Split); and (iii) each Winx Warrant currently represents the right to purchase 0.05 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $10.40 per share (initially exercisable for one share of common stock with an exercise price of $0.52 per share pre-Reverse Stock Split). The D Warrants expire June 22, 2028 and the Winx Warrants expire five years following the effective date of a registration statement covering the resale of common stock underlying the Series D Preferred Stock acquired by the Series D Investors.

 

The issuance of common stock and Series D Preferred Stock pursuant to the December Purchase Agreement are intended to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), by virtue of the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder.

 

Concurrent with entry into the December Purchase Agreement, the Company and the Series D Investors entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “December Registration Rights Agreement”) granting the Series D Investors customary registration rights with respect to the shares of common stock underlying the Series D Preferred Stock and the D Warrants acquired by the Series D Investors in the December Private Placement. The June Resale Registration Statement, which was declared effective on June 27, 2023, was filed in connection with fulfilling the Company’s obligations under the December Registration Rights Agreements.

 

For additional information regarding the agreements entered into in connection with the December Private Placement, see “Certain Relationships And Related Party Transactions - Agreements Related to the December Private Placement.”

 

March 2023 Offering

 

On March 8, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as representative (the “Representative”) of the underwriters named therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”), relating to an underwritten public offering of 569,560 shares (the “March Shares”) of the Company’s common stock and warrants (the “March Warrants”) to purchase 170,868 shares of common stock (collectively, the “March 2023 Offering”). Each of the March Shares was sold in combination with an accompanying one-third Warrant. The combined purchase price for each March Share and accompanying March Warrant was $3.90 and the Underwriters agreed to purchase 569,560 March Shares and 170,868 March Warrants.

 

The Company granted the Underwriters a 45-day option to purchase an additional 85,430 shares and/or warrants to purchase up to 25,629 shares of common stock, in any combination, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On March 9, 2023, the Representative fully exercised the over-allotment option to purchase an additional 85,430 March Shares and additional March Warrants to purchase 25,629 shares of common stock. The March 2023 Offering closed on March 10, 2023. As a result of the Representative exercising the over-allotment option in full, the gross proceeds, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other March 2023 Offering expenses, was approximately $2.55 million.

 

The March Warrants have, (i) an exercise price of $3.90 per share of common stock, (ii) a cashless exercise option for a net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the March Warrant or (iii) an alternate cashless exercise option (beginning on or after the initial exercise date), to receive an aggregate number of shares of common stock equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon a cash exercise and (y)1.00. Each whole March Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase 1 share of common stock. The March Warrants are exercisable upon issuance and will expire on March 10, 2028. The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the March Warrants is subject to appropriate adjustments in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting the common stock.

 

 

The March 2023 Offering was made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 8, 2022 and subsequently declared effective on April 20, 2022 (File No. 333-264218), and the base prospectus contained therein. A prospectus supplement relating to the March 2023 Offering was filed with the SEC on March 9, 2023.

 

Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriters received an underwriting discount of 8.0% to the public offering price for the March Shares and March Warrants. In addition, the Company agreed to pay the Representative a management fee equal to 1.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds received from the sale of the securities in the March 2023 Offering and to reimburse the accountable expenses of the Representative up to a maximum of $145,000. The Company also agreed to issue to the Representative unregistered warrants (the “March Representative’s Warrants”) to purchase 32,750 shares of common stock, which warrants have an exercise price of $4.875 per share (125% of the public offering price per share and accompanying warrant) and will terminate on March 8, 2028.

 

The shares of common stock underlying the March Representative’s Warrants were subsequently registered under the June Resale Registration Statement, which was declared effective on June 27, 2023.

 

Conversion of Convertible Debt and Preferred Stock

 

At the Special Meeting of the Company’s stockholders held on May 8, 2023, the stockholders of the Company approved, among other things, (a) the full conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock issued by the Company pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement and the issuance of shares of common stock in connection with such conversion (the “Series C Conversion Approval”), and (b) the full conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock issued by the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and the issuance of shares of common stock in connection with such conversion (the “Series D Conversion Approval”).

 

A result of the Series C Conversion Approval, and in accordance with the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, convertible debt for which IFP is the borrower and the Company is a guarantor (the “Convertible Debt”), became eligible for conversion into shares of IFP that were then to be immediately transferred to the Company in exchange for shares of Series C Preferred Stock. As of May 8, 2023, all eight holders of the Convertible Debt (the IFP Lenders) committed to, or otherwise indicated that they were committed to, the above-described conversion and exchange of the Convertible Debt (the “Loan Conversion”), which, in the aggregate, had an outstanding balance of £1,360,761 in principal and accrued interest as of May 8, 2023.

 

On May 12, 2023, the Company entered into Convertible Loan Conversion Agreements (the “Conversion Agreements”) with the eight IFP Lenders relating to the Convertible Debt in order to effect the above-described conversion and exchange of the Convertible Debt. Each of the Conversion Agreements is dated and is effective as of May 9, 2023.

 

Upon the conversion and exchange of the Convertible Debt in accordance with their respective terms and the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Conversion Agreements, the IFP Lenders received an aggregate of 1,149,273 shares of Series C Preferred Stock. The conversion and exchange of the Convertible Debt into Series C Preferred Stock is deemed to be effective as of May 9, 2023. Effective as of May 10, 2023, the 1,149,273 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued to the IFP Lenders pursuant to the Conversion Agreements were converted into an aggregate of 172,386 shares of common stock.

 

Effective as of May 10, 2023, all 3,512,277 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued and outstanding on that date, including the 1,149,273 shares of Series C Preferred Stock issued to the IFP Lenders, were converted into an aggregate of 526,818 shares of common stock. Such conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock into common stock was effected in accordance with the Series C Conversion Approval, the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock. This conversion of Series C Preferred Stock into common stock was deemed effective as of May 10, 2023.

 

As of May 10, 2023, the holders of all 176,462 shares of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock issued and outstanding on that date elected to convert those shares of Series D Preferred Stock into shares of common stock, and the 176,462 shares of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock were then converted into an aggregate of 26,464 shares of common stock effective as of that date. The conversion of the Series D Preferred Stock was effected in accordance with the Series D Conversion Approval, the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.

 

 

Upon effectiveness of the above-described conversion of Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock into common stock, the Company had approximately 2,285,849 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, subject to adjustment for rounding of fractional shares, if any.

 

The issuances of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock and common stock pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement are intended to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and/or Rule 901 promulgated thereunder with respect to individuals who reside outside of the United States.

 

The issuances of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock and common stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement are intended to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act by virtue of the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder.

 

Liquidator Appointed for Licensor

 

External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), pursuant to a creditors meeting held on July 21, 2023, sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. Accordingly, the Company plans to discuss the future licensing of the SGT products with the University of Newcastle. As of the date of this prospectus, our understanding is the Intellectual property rights have not reverted back to University of Newcastle.

 

Nasdaq Compliance

 

On March 17, 2022, the Company received a notice letter from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department notifying the Company that because the minimum bid price per share for its common stock was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days preceding the date of such notice, the Company did not meet the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1).

 

On February 27, 2023, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it had regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) as a result of the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock being at $1.00 per share or greater for the 10 consecutive business days from February 10, 2023 through February 24, 2023. Accordingly, the Company is now in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) and Nasdaq considers the matter closed.

 

Reverse Stock Split

 

At the annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders held on February 8, 2023 (the “Annual Meeting”), the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than 1-for-35 at any time within 12 months following the date of stockholder approval, with the exact ratio to be set within this range by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) at its sole discretion without further approval or authorization of our stockholders. Pursuant to such authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a 1-for-20 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of the Company’s common stock and the filing of the Amendment to effectuate the Reverse Stock Split.

 

On February 9, 2023, the Company filed the Amendment in order to effect 1-for-20 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock. The Reverse Stock Split was effective at 4:05 p.m., Eastern Time, on February 9, 2023, at which time every twenty shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were automatically combined into one issued and outstanding share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split.

 

The par value of the Company’s common stock and the number of authorized shares of the common stock were not affected by the Reverse Stock Split.

 

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the number of shares of common stock outstanding was reduced from approximately 18,325,289 shares (excluding treasury shares) as of February 8, 2023, to approximately 916,265 shares (excluding treasury shares, and subject to the rounding up of fractional shares), and the number of authorized shares of common stock remained 100 million shares.

 

In order reflect the Reverse Stock Split, proportionate adjustments were made to the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of preferred stock and the exercise of warrants, as applicable; as well as to any applicable conversion and exercise prices, which were also adjusted in proportion to the reverse stock split ratio of the Reverse Stock Split (subject to adjustment for fractional interests).

 

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

As a company with less than $1.235 billion in revenues during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) enacted in 2012. As an emerging growth company, we expect to take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

 

	●	being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure in this prospectus;
	●	not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);
	●	reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and
	●	exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

We may use these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering. However, if certain events occur prior to the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to the end of such five-year period. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards as permitted by The JOBS Act.

 

To the extent that we continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an emerging growth company may continue to be available to us as a smaller reporting company, including: (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act; (ii) scaled executive compensation disclosures; and (iii) the requirement to provide only two years of audited financial statements, instead of three years.

 

Summary of Risks Affecting Our Business

 

Investing in our common stock is highly speculative and involves significant risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties discussed under the section titled “Risk Factors” elsewhere in this prospectus before making a decision to invest in our common stock. Certain of the key risks we face include, without limitation:

 

	●	We will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations in the future. If we are unsuccessful in attracting new capital, we may not be able to continue operations or may be forced to sell assets to do so. Capital may not be available to us on favorable terms, or if at all. If available, financing terms may lead to dilution of our stockholders’ equity.
	●	Our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
	●	Neither we nor the Licensor have yet launched the SGT and the ability to do so will depend on the acceptance of the SGT in the Global healthcare market.
	●	We have incurred significant losses since inception and continue to incur losses, and we may not be able to achieve significant revenues or profitability.
	●	We depend on a limited number of single-source suppliers to manufacture certain components of IFP Drug Screening System, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations that could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
	●	Our results may be impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
	●	The license agreement with the Licensor, which covers technology used in our Biosensor Platform, contains risks that may have a material adverse effect on us and our business, assets and its prospects.
		If the SGT fails to satisfy current or future customer requirements, we may be required to make significant expenditures to redesign the product candidate, and we may have insufficient resources to do so.
	●	We are yet to finalize the manufacturing plan for the production of the SGT on a commercial scale, and may be dependent upon third-party manufacturers and suppliers, making us vulnerable to contractual relationships and market forces, supply problems and price fluctuations, which could harm our business.
	●	We expect to rely in part on third-party distributors to effectively distribute our products, if our distributors fail to effectively market and sell the SGT and IFP products in full compliance with applicable laws, our operating results and business may suffer.
	●	If third-party payors do not provide coverage and reimbursement for the use of the SGT and IFP products, our business and prospects may be negatively impacted.
	●	Non-United States governments often impose price controls, which may adversely affect our profitability.

 

 

	●	The SGT and IFP Drug Screening System may contain undetected errors, which could limit our ability to provide our products and services and diminish the attractiveness of our service offerings.
	●	We will rely on the proper function, security and availability of our information technology systems and data to operate our business, and a breach, cyber-attack or other disruption to these systems or data could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation or competitive position.
	●	If we are not able to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, scientific and technical personnel, we may not be able to implement our business model successfully.
	●	If we or our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulations, our proposed operations could be interrupted, and our operating results may be negatively impacted.
	●	We may be subject to healthcare laws which, if violated, could subject us to substantial penalties.
	●	Product liability suits, whether or not meritorious, could be brought against us due to an alleged defective product or for the misuse of the SGT or the IFP Drug Screening System.
	●	If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.
	●	The regulatory approval process which we may be required to navigate may be expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain and may prevent us from obtaining clearance for the product launch of the SGT and IFP products in certain jurisdiction or our any future product.
	●	Clinical data obtained subsequent to the implementation of the clinical evidence module may not meet the required objectives, which could delay, limit or prevent additional regulatory approval.
	●	We may be unable to complete required clinical evaluations, or we may experience significant delays in completing such clinical evaluations, which could prevent or significantly delay our targeted product launch timeframe and impair our business plan.
	●	We are subject to the risk of reliance on third parties to conduct our clinical evaluation work, their inability to comply with good clinical practice and relevant regulation could adversely affect the clinical development of our product candidates and harm our business.
	●	Our success will depend on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights.
	●	We understand that the External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. There is an inherent risk related to the possibility of modifications to our rights to, or the Company’s ability to use, the Licensed Products, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results
	●	We depend on intellectual property licensed from the Licensor for our SGT products, and any absence of legal effect of the license or dispute over the license would significantly harm our business.
	●	We will depend primarily on the Licensor to file, prosecute, maintain, defend and enforce intellectual property that we license from it and that is material to our business.
	●	We and the Licensor may be unable to protect or enforce the intellectual property rights licensed to us, which could impair our competitive position.
	●	We and the Licensor have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect those intellectual property rights, which means that we and/or Licensor may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions or from selling or importing products made using those inventions.
	●	We and the Licensor may be subject to claims challenging the invention of the intellectual property we license.
	●	Our products and operations are subject to extensive government regulation. If we fail to obtain and maintain necessary regulatory approvals current IFP products, or if approvals for future products and indications are delayed or not issued, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
	●	We are subject to certain federal, state and foreign fraud and abuse laws, health information privacy and security laws and transparency laws, which, if violated, could subject us to substantial penalties and negatively affect our business.
	●	We face intense competition in the self-monitoring of glucose market, particularly blood-based products, and as a result we may be unable to effectively compete in our industry.
	●	If we or the Licensor fail to respond quickly to technological or other developments, our products may become uncompetitive and obsolete.
	●	Fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
	●	Changes in the economic, political or social conditions or government policies in Asia-Pacific region (the “APAC Region”) could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.
	●	We may not be able to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq or maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq.
	●	We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If our remediation of the material weaknesses is not effective, or if we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

 

  

	●	We are obligated to maintain a system of effective internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may harm investor confidence in our company and the value of our common stock.
	●	We are an emerging growth company and currently have limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources.
	●	Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or products.
	●	If we are unable to achieve certain agreed milestones for the government grant we received, we may become liable to refund the grant we received.
	●	We may have difficulties integrating acquired businesses and as result, our business, results of operations and/or financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
	●	The common stock and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (which is convertible into common stock) sold in this offering will more than double the number of our shares of common stock in the public market from approximately 2,330,399 shares to 5,315,473 shares (or 5,763,234 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option in full). If all the Warrants sold in this offering are exercised, the number of our shares of common stock in the public markets will increase by an additional 5,970,148 shares (or an additional 6,865,670 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional Warrants in full), which will result in a total of 11,285,621 shares of common stock in the public market (or 12,628,904 shares of common stock in the public market if the underwriters exercise their option in full). In addition, we have agreed to issue warrants to the representative (the Representative Warrants) to purchase up to 149,254 shares of common stock (or 171,642 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise of the over-allotment option in full) as a portion of the compensation payable to the representative in connection with this offering. The sales of these securities could depress the market price of our shares of common stock and/or increase the volatility of our trading.
	●	Because our management will have broad discretion and flexibility in how the net proceeds from this offering are used, our management may use the net proceeds in ways with which you disagree or which may not prove effective.
	●	The liquidity and trading volume of our common stock could be low, and our ownership will be concentrated.
	●	We will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series F Warrants.
	●	The Warrants are not exercisable until Warrant Stockholder Approval and may not have any value.
	●	There is no public market for the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants being offered.
	●	The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
	●	You will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.
	●	The terms of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants could impede our ability to enter into certain transactions or obtain additional financing.
	●	Holders of Warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their Warrants and acquire our shares of common stock, except as set forth in the Warrants.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 142 West, 57th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10019. Our telephone number is (646) 828-8258 and our website address is www.ibs.inc. We do not incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information on our website, and you should not consider it as part of this prospectus.

 

 

THE OFFERING

 

Class A Units offered by us:		We are offering 2,985,074 Class A Units, each Class A Unit consisting of one share of common stock, one Series E Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and one Series F Warrant to purchase one share of common stock.
Public Offering Price Per Class A Unit:		$1.34 per Class A Unit based upon an assumed public offering price of $1.34, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023.
Class B Units offered by us:		We are also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of Class A Units in this offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase, if such purchasers so choose, Class B Units, in lieu of Class A Units that would otherwise result in any such purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding shares of common stock. Each Class B Unit consists of one share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (convertible into one share of common stock), one Series E Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and one Series F Warrant to purchase one share of common stock (together with the shares of our common stock underlying such shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants).
Public Offering Price Per Class B Unit:		$1.34 per Class B Unit based upon an assumed public offering price of $1.34, the last reported sales price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023.
Warrants included in The Units:		Each unit includes one Series E Warrant and one Series F Warrant. The Series E Warrants will have an exercise price of $         per share and will expire on the five-and-a-half-year anniversary of the original issuance date. The Series E Warrants contain a one-time reset of the exercise price to a price equal to the lesser of (i) the then exercise price and (ii) 90% of the five-day volume weighted average price for the five trading days immediately following the date the Company effects a reverse stock split. The Series F Warrants will: (i) have an exercise price of $         per share; (ii) have an alternate cashless exercise option (beginning on the initial exercise date), to receive an aggregate number of shares equal to the product of (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon a cash exercise of the Series F Warrant and (y) 1.0; and (iii) expire on the one-and-a-half-year anniversary of the original issuance date. The Warrants will be exercisable beginning on the effective date of stockholder approval of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Stockholder Approval”). This prospectus also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
		We have agreed to hold a stockholders’ meeting in order to seek the Warrant Stockholder Approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market (or any successor entity) to permit the exercise of the Warrants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain this requisite approval. In the event that we are unable to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the Warrants will not be exercisable and therefore have no value.
Shares of common stock outstanding before this offering:		2,330,399 shares of common stock (as of September 19, 2023)
Shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering*:		5,315,473 shares of common stock (or 5,763,234 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option in full) (assuming the sale of all units covered by this prospectus, no sale of Class B Units, no exercise of any Warrants issued in this offering).
Underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares and/or warrants:		We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for forty-five (45) days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 447,761 shares of common stock and/or 447,761 Series E Warrants and/or 447,761 Series F Warrants at the public offering price per security, less the underwriting discounts payable by us, which may be purchased in any combination of common stock and Warrants.
Representative Warrants:		We have agreed to issue to the representative warrants, or the Representative Warrants, to purchase up to 149,254 shares of common stock (or 171,642 shares of common stock assuming the exercise of the over-allotment option in full) as a portion of the compensation payable to the representative in connection with this offering. The Representative Warrants will be immediately exercisable upon issuance at an exercise price equal to $         per share of common stock, expire on the fifth anniversary of the commencement of sales of this offering, and are otherwise in substantially similar form to the Series E Warrants issued in the offering. The Representative Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the Representative Warrants are being registered on the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Underwriting” on page 88.

 

 

Use of proceeds:		We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $3.20 million, or $3.75 million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, based upon an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes and working capital.
Risk factors:		You should carefully consider the risk factors described in the section of this prospectus titled “Risk Factors,” together with all of the other information included and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our securities.
Market and trading symbol:		Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “INBS”. We do not intend to list the shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without a trading market, the liquidity of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants will be extremely limited.

 

* Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus, the total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus and after this offering is based on 2,330,399 shares outstanding as of September 19, 2023, and assumes (i) the sale of 2,985,074 Class A Units based on an assumed public offering price of $1.34, the last reported sales price of our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023; (ii) no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option; (iii) no exercise of the Warrants included in this offering; (iv) no sale of Class B Units and no conversion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock included in the Class B Units; and excludes the following other securities:

 

	●	426,521 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted-average exercise price of $205.03 per share+;
	●	75,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock reserved for issuance by the Company in connection with securing potential indemnification claims by the Company; and
	●	up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”)

 

⁺Approximate amounts. Actual amounts may differ due to rounding.

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Our business is subject to a number of risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including those in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC, as supplemented by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, before making an investment decision. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific risks that may affect us. It should be recognized that other risks may be significant, presently or in the future, and the risks set forth below may affect us to a greater extent than indicated. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you many lose all or part of your investment.

 

Forward-looking statements in this document and those we make from time to time through our senior management are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements concerning the expected future revenue or earnings or concerning projected plans, performance, or development of products and services, as well as other estimates related to future operations are necessarily only estimates of future results. We cannot assure you that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Forward-looking statements represent our current expectations and are inherently uncertain. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations in the future. If we are unsuccessful in attracting new capital, we may not be able to continue operations or may be forced to sell assets to do so. Alternatively, capital may not be available to us on favorable terms, or if at all. If available, financing terms may lead to significant dilution of our stockholders’ equity.

 

We are not profitable and have had negative cash flow from operations since our inception. To fund our operations and develop and commercialize our products (including the SGT and planned applications of IFP Drug Screening System), we have relied primarily on equity and debt financings and government support income. The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2023, of approximately $1.54 million, will be insufficient to allow the Company to fund its current operating plan through the twelve months from the issuance of its financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date those financial statements were issued. Accordingly, the Company is required to raise additional funds during the 12 months following the issuance of those financial statements. Additional capital may not be available at such times or amounts as needed by us.

 

We estimate that our cash balance of approximately $1.54 million as of June 30, 2023, is only sufficient to fund our working capital needs and operating expenses through October 31, 2023, and that based on our planned use of the net proceeds from this offering and our existing cash, we estimate that such funds will be sufficient to enable us to fund our working capital needs and operating expenses for at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our existing cash and cash equivalents as of the date of this prospectus, together with the estimated net proceeds from this offering, may or may not be sufficient to fund our working capital needs and operating expenses. To obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we expect to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financing and/or other capital sources.

 

Even if capital is available, it might be available only on unfavorable terms. Any additional equity or convertible debt financing into which we enter could be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose covenants upon us that restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our stock, make certain investments and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may need to relinquish rights to our technologies or our products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If access to sufficient capital is not available as and when needed, our business will be materially impaired, and we may be required to cease operations, curtail one or more product development or commercialization programs, scale back or eliminate the development of business opportunities, or significantly reduce expenses, sell assets, seek a merger or joint venture partner, file for protection from creditors or liquidate all of our assets. Any of these factors could harm our operating results.

 

Our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

The report from our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended June 30, 2023, includes an explanatory paragraph stating that our losses from operations and required additional funding to finance our operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year after the date the financial statements are issued. If we are unable to obtain sufficient funding, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected, and we may be unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, we may have to liquidate our assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on our audited financial statements, and it is likely that investors will lose all or a part of their investment. If we seek additional financing to fund our business activities in the future and there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. There can be no assurance that the current operating plan will be achieved in the time frame anticipated by us, or that our cash resources will fund our operating plan for the period anticipated by the Company or that additional funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

 

 

Neither we nor the Licensor have yet launched the SGT and the ability to do so will depend on the acceptance of the SGT in the Global healthcare market.

 

Neither we nor the Licensor has yet launched the SGT and neither has received regulatory approvals in any country or territory. We are faced with the risk that the SGT will be accepted in their respective jurisdictions over competing products and that we will be unable to enter the marketplace or compete effectively. Factors that could affect our ability to establish the SGT or any future diagnostic test based on the Biosensor Platform include:

 

	●	sales of the SGT across their respective jurisdictions may be limited due to the complex nature of the healthcare system in each country and territory in the region, low average personal income, lack of patient cost reimbursement and pricing controls;
	●	the development of products or devices which could result in a shift of customer preferences away from our device and services and significantly decrease revenue;
	●	the increased use of improved diabetes drugs that could encourage certain diabetics to test less often, resulting in less usage of self-monitoring (saliva-based, blood-based or otherwise) test device for certain types of diabetics;
	●	the challenges of developing (or acquiring externally developed) technology solutions that are adequate and competitive in meeting the requirements of next-generation design challenges;
	●	the significant number of current competitors in the glucose monitoring market who have significantly greater brand recognition and more recognizable trademarks and who have established relationships with diabetes healthcare providers and payors; and
	●	intense competition to attract acquisition targets, which may make it more difficult for us to acquire companies or technologies at an acceptable price or at all.

 

We cannot assure you that the SGT or any future diagnostic test based on the Biosensor Platform will gain market acceptance. If the market for the SGT or any future test fails to develop or develops more slowly than expected, or if any of the technology and standards supported by us do not achieve or sustain market acceptance, our business and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.

 

We are subject to the risks associated with new businesses generally.

 

We were formed in December 2016 as a new business with a plan to commercialize our licensed technology. Our limited operating history may not be adequate to enable you to fully assess our ability to develop and market the SGT and other tests based on the Biosensor Platform, achieve market acceptance of the SGT and such other tests and respond to competition. Our efforts to date have related to the organization and formation of our company, strategic planning, product research and development and preparation for commencing regulatory trials. We acquired IFP in October 2022, which generates minimal revenue. Prior to the acquisition of IFP, the Company’s operations generated no revenue other than income classified as governmental support income received in connection with grants from Australian Government. As at the date of this filing, revenue generated from the sales of IFP products are not enough to cover our operation costs. Therefore, we are, and expect for the foreseeable future to be, subject to all the risks and uncertainties, inherent in a new business focused on the development and sale of new medical devices and related software applications. As a result, we may be unable to further develop, obtain regulatory approval for, manufacture, market, sell and derive revenues from the SGT and the other products in our pipeline based on the Biosensor Platform, and our inability to do so would materially and adversely impact our business. In addition, we still must optimize many functions necessary to operate a business, including expanding our managerial, personnel and administrative structure, continuing product research and development, and assessing and commencing our marketing activities.

 

In addition, in connection with our recent acquisition of IFP, there are risks relating to the integration of IFP with the Company, including with regard to integrating technology, processes, information systems and other matters that can lead to challenges in economies of scale and leadership.

 

Accordingly, you should consider our prospects in light of the costs, uncertainties, delays and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that have not yet commercialized their products or services, particularly those in the medical device and digital health fields. In particular, potential investors should consider that there is a significant risk that we will not be able to:

 

	●	implement or execute our current business plan, or that our business plan is sound;
	●	maintain our management team and Board of Directors;
	●	determine that the technologies that have been developed are commercially viable;
	●	attract, enter into or maintain contracts with, and retain customers; and
	●	raise any necessary additional funds in the capital markets or otherwise to effectuate our business plan.

 

In the event that we do not successfully address these risks, our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

We have incurred significant losses since inception and continue to incur losses, and we may not be able to achieve significant revenues or profitability.

 

Since our inception, we have engaged primarily in development activities. We have financed our operations primarily through financing from the issuance of common stock, convertible preferred stock, convertible notes and the incurrence of debt and have incurred losses since inception, including a net loss of $7,037,286 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021, a net loss of $8,306,051 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, and a net loss of $10,631,720 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. On our unaudited pro-forma results, which are prepared as if we closed the IFP Acquisition (defined below) on July 1, 2021 (and including adjustments for amortization related to the valuation of acquired intangibles), we incurred a net loss of $12,220,415 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, and a net loss of $11,873,274 for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023. We do not know whether or when we will become profitable.

 

Our ability to generate higher revenue and achieve profitability depends upon our ability, alone or with others, to complete the development process of our products, including regulatory approvals, and achieve substantial acceptance in the marketplace for our existing IFP products. We may be unable to achieve any or all of these goals.

 

 

We rely on third parties to perform certain confirmatory tests for our IFP Drug Screening System.

 

We rely on third-party service providers to analyze samples collected from our confirmatory kit of the IFP Drug Screening System. We contract with third-party laboratory service provider to perform confirmation testing on the samples collected. This service is critical and there are relatively few alternatives. These third-party service providers may be unwilling or unable to provide the necessary services reliably and at the levels we anticipate or that are required by the market. While these third-party service providers have generally met our demand for their services on a timely basis in the past, we cannot guarantee that they will in the future be able to meet our demand for their services or our service providers may decide in the future to discontinue or reduce the level of business they conduct with us. If we are required to change service providers for any reason, including due to any change in or termination of our relationships with these third parties, we may lose sales, experience delays, incur increased costs or otherwise experience impairment to our customer relationships. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to establish alternative relationships on similar terms, without delay or at all.

 

We depend on a limited number of single-source suppliers to manufacture certain components of IFP Drug Screening System, which makes us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations that could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We rely on single-source suppliers for certain components of our IFP Drug Screening System and materials for our other current products. These components and materials are critical and there are no or relatively few alternative sources of supply. These single-source suppliers may be unwilling or unable to supply the necessary materials and components or manufacture and assemble our products reliably and at the levels we anticipate or that are required by the market. While our suppliers have generally met our demand for their products and services on a timely basis in the past, we cannot guarantee that they will in the future be able to meet our demand for their products or our suppliers may decide in the future to discontinue or reduce the level of business they conduct with us. If we are required to change suppliers due to any change in or termination of our relationships with these third parties, or if our suppliers are unable to obtain the materials, they need to produce our products at consistent prices or at all, we may lose sales, experience manufacturing or other delays, incur increased costs or otherwise experience impairment to our customer relationships. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to establish alternative relationships on similar terms, without delay or at all.

 

If we fail to retain marketing and sales personnel, or if we fail to increase our marketing and sales capabilities as we grow, or if we fail to develop broad awareness of our product in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to generate revenue growth.

 

We have limited experience marketing and selling our products. We currently primarily rely on our direct sales force to sell our products in targeted geographic regions and distributors in certain regions including the United Kingdom, and any failure to maintain and grow our direct sales force will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The members of our direct sales force are highly trained and possess substantial technical expertise, which we believe is critical in increasing adoption of our products. The members of our U.K. sales force are at-will employees. The loss of these personnel to competitors, or otherwise, will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to retain our direct sales force personnel or replace them with individuals of equivalent technical expertise and qualifications, or if we are unable to successfully install such technical expertise in replacement personnel, it may negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

In order to generate future growth, we plan to continue to expand and leverage our sales and marketing infrastructure to increase the number of customers. Identifying and recruiting qualified sales and marketing personnel and training them on our product, on applicable laws and regulations and on our internal policies and procedures requires significant time, expense and attention. It often takes several months or more before a sales representative is fully trained and productive. Our sales force may subject us to higher fixed costs than those of companies with competing techniques or products that utilize independent third parties, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage. It will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if our efforts to expand and train our sales force do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue, and our higher fixed costs may slow our ability to reduce costs in the face of a sudden decline in demand for our products. Any failure to hire, develop and retain talented sales personnel, to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time or timely reduce fixed costs, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our ability to increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our product will depend to a significant extent on our ability to expand our marketing efforts. We plan to dedicate significant resources to our marketing programs, as we plan to further plan to expand our geographical reach especially in the APAC Region and the North America region. It will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if our marketing efforts and expenditures do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue. In addition, we believe that developing and maintaining broad awareness of our product in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving broad acceptance of our product and expanding domestically and internationally.

 

 

Our results of operations will be materially harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand for our products and manage our inventory.

 

To ensure adequate inventory supply, we must forecast inventory needs and manufacture our products based on our estimates of future demand for our solution. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our solution could be negatively affected by many factors, including our failure to accurately manage our expansion strategy, product introductions by competitors, an increase or decrease in customer demand for our products or products of our competitors, our failure to accurately forecast customer acceptance of new products, unanticipated changes in general market conditions or regulatory matters and weakening of economic conditions or consumer confidence in future economic conditions.

 

Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs, which would cause our gross margin to be adversely affected and could impair the strength of our brand. Conversely, if we underestimate customer demand for our products, our internal manufacturing team may not be able to deliver products to meet our requirements, and this could result in damage to our reputation and customer relationships. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand, additional supplies of raw materials or additional manufacturing capacity may not be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or suppliers or may not be able to allocate sufficient capacity in order to meet our increased requirements, which will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We seek to maintain sufficient levels of inventory in order to protect ourselves from supply interruptions. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portion of our inventory will become obsolete or expire, which could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flows due to the resulting costs associated with the inventory impairment charges and costs required to replace such inventory.

 

If our facilities become damaged or inoperable, we will be unable to continue to research, develop and supply our product which could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations until we are able to secure a new facility and rebuild our inventory.

 

We do not have redundant facilities. We perform substantially all of our manufacturing, research and development and back office activity for our IFP products in a single location at our Cambridge office in the United Kingdom. We store our finished goods inventory at the same facility. Our facilities, equipment and inventory would be costly to replace and could require substantial lead time to repair or replace. The facilities will be harmed or rendered inoperable by natural or man-made disasters, including, but not limited to, earthquakes, flooding, fire and power outages, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to perform our research, development and commercialization activities for some period of time for IFP Drug Screening System. The inability to perform those activities, combined with the time it may take to rebuild our manufacturing capabilities, inventory of finished product, may result in the loss of customers or harm to our reputation. Although we possess insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business, this insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and this insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

Our ability to achieve profitability depends in part on maintaining or increasing our gross margins on product sales which we may not be able to achieve.

 

A number of factors may adversely impact our gross margins on product sales and services, including:

 

	●	lower than expected manufacturing yields of high cost components leading to increased manufacturing costs;
	●	shortages of electric components resulting in higher prices or an inability to supply key parts;
	●	low production volume which will result in high levels of overhead cost per unit of production;
	●	the timing of revenue recognition and revenue deferrals;
	●	increased material or labor costs;
	●	increased service or warranty costs or the failure to reduce service or warranty costs;
	●	increased price competition;
	●	variation in the margins across products in a particular period; and
	●	how well we execute on our strategic and operating plans.

 

If we are unable to maintain or increase our gross margins on product sales, our results of operations could be adversely impacted, we may not achieve profitability and our stock price could decline.

 

Our results may be impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. 

 

A significant proportion of our sales are outside of the United States, and a majority of those are denominated in foreign currencies, which exposes us to foreign currency risks, including changes in currency exchange rates. We do not currently engage in any hedging transactions. If we are unable to address these risks and challenges effectively, our international operations may not be successful, and our business could be harmed.

 

 

The license agreement with the Licensor, which covers the license of the core technology used in our Biosensor Platform products, contains significant risks that may have a material adverse effect on us and our business, assets and its prospects.

 

The Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement dated September 12, 2019, which amends and restates all previous license agreements (the “SGT License Agreement”) is limited to the APAC Region. We have no contractual rights to the intellectual property covered in the SGT License Agreement other than as expressly set forth therein. Our plans, business, prospects are substantially dependent on that intellectual property and subject to the limitations relating thereto as set forth in the SGT License Agreement: 

 

	●	The SGT license granted to us is limited in territorial scope. The Licensor granted us a license to its proprietary rights in the biosensor technology used in the products from Licensor (the “Licensed Products”) solely in the APAC Region, and primarily to act as authorized party for obtaining regulatory approval and to manufacture (subject to being approved as an Authorized Supplier by the Licensor) for use in the APAC Region, and to promote, market, import, offer sell and distribute the Licensed Products in the APAC Region. We may not exploit or seek to exploit any rights in respect of the Licensed Product outside of the APAC Region through any means, including digitally or online where the end user is not physically resident in the APAC Region. Accordingly, to the extent that such users are prohibited, we will be unable to realize any commercialization from such users and ensure that such users do not do business with us, even as such commercialization and business might be appropriate, related, synergistic or enhanced by our operations. In addition, we may be responsible for costs and other liabilities that might arise to the extent that users outside the APAC Region obtain such access and may incur costs to comply with these prohibitions. Further, the non-coverage of digital or online use for users not physically in the APAC Region may constitute a material limitation on our ability to freely conduct business digitally, online or through any other medium that may reach outside of the APAC Region. This limitation may have a material adverse effect on our marketing, sales, operational and other business efforts.
	●	After the receipt of regulatory approval in a jurisdiction, we may be required to pay the Minimum Royalty with respect to such jurisdiction regardless of the actual amount of sales by us of Licensed Products. Accordingly, although the Minimum Royalty is based on our projected sales in each such jurisdiction, and although the determination of the Minimum Royalty is subject to agreement between us and the Licensor as to certain parameters, as described elsewhere in this prospectus, with disputes generally resolved by an independent third-party, we could be obligated to pay royalties even though we have generated no or limited revenue. Such payments could materially and adversely affect our profitability and could limit our investment in our business.
	●	The Licensed Products include only products that are supplied by an Authorized Supplier. Accordingly, we will not have unfettered right to select our suppliers, regardless of whether an unauthorized supplier could provide products on better pricing, delivery, quality or other terms, thus potentially materially and adversely impacting those aspects of our business, economies, profitability and prospects.
	●	We are required to collect and anonymize demographic information about the end users of the Licensed Products, as well as data acquired from the Licensed Products. The data collection and retention may be expensive in cost, resources, legal and regulatory compliance and other ways, none of which costs can be quantified at this time. Further, changing regulations with respect to medical and similar such data may make such compliance beyond the scope of our capabilities. Any failure to comply may result in financial liability, as well as reputational harm.
	●	The license is non-transferable, non-assignable and non-sublicensable, except that the Licensor will in good faith consider any request by us for any sublicense. The Licensor is not obligated to agree to any such sub-license. These restrictions may limit our flexibility to structure our operations in the most advantageous manner.
	●	We must manufacture, promote, market, import, offer, sell, distribute and supply the Licensed Products in accordance with certain distribution requirements set forth in the License Agreement. For instance, we may not package the Licensed Products with other products, and we may deliver them only as supplied by an Authorized Supplier. Accordingly, the limitations imposed by the License Agreement may impact our ability to pursue certain marketing strategies and distribution channels, which may have a material adverse effect on us and our business, assets and prospects.
	●	The Licensor may require any change to any Licensed Product by any Authorized Supplier and may make any change to any sales or promotional literature made available by the Licensor, provided that such changes do not affect any regulatory approvals we obtain. This right of the Licensor may create material expense for us, may be practically difficult to accomplish and may cause relationship, reputational and other adverse harm to us, our business and our prospects, without our having any control over these changes. Further, the Licensor is not liable for any of the costs to us of such changes.
	●	We must file for, prosecute the application for, and obtain all regulatory approvals for each of the Licensed Products and all legal permits necessary for promoting, marketing, offering or selling each Licensed Product. The regulatory approval process can be expensive and time consuming, and there can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain any or all required permits.
	●	Except with respect to the Licensor’s ownership of all intellectual property rights in respect of the licensed property and the non-infringement by our exercise of those rights, the Licensor provides no, and disclaims all, representations, warranties or covenants relating to the licensed intellectual property or any other matters under the License Agreement and in particular disclaims any fitness of the property for any purpose. These provisions limit our recourse in the event that the licensed intellectual property is flawed, defective, inadequate, incomplete, uncommercial, wrongly described or otherwise not useful for our purposes. We have not independently verified any of the technical, scientific, commercial, legal, medical or other circumstances or nature of the licensed intellectual property and therefore there can be no assurances that any of the foregoing risks have been reduced or eliminated. These provisions represent a significant risk of a material adverse impact on us, our business and our prospects.

 

 

We cannot accurately predict the volume or timing of any sales of any of our products, making the timing of any associated revenues uncertain and difficult to forecast.

 

We may be faced with lengthy and unpredictable customer evaluation and approval processes associated with the SGT and our other products. Consequently, we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management effort and expense in developing customer adoption of our products, which may not result in revenue generation for those products. We must also obtain regulatory approvals our products in the respective jurisdiction, which is subject to risk and potential delays, and may actually occur. The same risks apply to other tests we may develop based on the Biosensor Platform and planned tests from IFP Drug Screening System. As such, we cannot accurately predict the volume, if any, or timing of any future sales.

 

If the SGT fails to satisfy current or future customer requirements, we may be required to make significant expenditures to redesign the product candidate, and we may have insufficient resources to do so.

 

The SGT is being designed to address an existing marketplace and must comply with current and evolving customer requirements in order to gain market acceptance. There is a risk that the SGT will not meet anticipated customer requirements or desires. If we are required to redesign our products to address customer demands or otherwise modify our business model, we may incur significant unanticipated expenses and losses, and we may be left with insufficient resources to engage in such activities. If we are unable to redesign our products, develop new products or modify our business model to meet customer desires or any other customer requirements that may emerge, our operating results would be materially adversely affected, and our business might fail.

 

 

We are yet to finalize the manufacturing plan for the production of the SGT and its components on a mass market commercial scale, and may be dependent upon third-party manufacturers and suppliers, making us vulnerable to contractual relationships and market forces, supply shortages and problems and price fluctuations, which could harm our business.

 

While we are using the facilities of Australian National Fabrication Facility to manufacture the SGB for clinical evaluation, we are yet to finalize the manufacturing plan for the production of the SGT and its components on a mass market commercial scale. We presently do not possess the manufacturing and processing capacity to meet the production requirements of consumer demand in a timely manner. Accordingly, we may rely on outsourcing the manufacturing of the SGT or its components. Our capacity to conduct clinical evaluation and launch our products in the market will depend in part on our ability or the ability of third-party manufacturers to provide our products on a large scale, at a competitive cost and in accordance with regulatory requirements. We cannot guarantee that we or our third-party manufacturers or suppliers will be able to provide the SGT and its components in mass-market quantities in a timely or cost-effective manner, or at all. Delays in providing or increasing production or processing capacity could result in additional expense or delays in our clinical evaluation, regulatory submissions and the market launch of our products. In addition, we or our third-party manufacturers or suppliers could make errors that could adversely affect the efficacy or safety of the SGT or cause delays in shipment. Any third-party party manufacturers or suppliers may encounter problems for a variety of reasons, including, for example, failure to follow specific protocols and procedures, failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, equipment malfunction and environmental factors, failure to properly conduct their own business affairs, and infringement of third-party intellectual property rights, any of which could delay or impede their ability to meet our requirements. Reliance on these third-party manufacturers or suppliers also subjects us to other risks where:

 

	●	we may have difficulty locating and qualifying alternative manufacturers or suppliers;
	●	switching manufacturers or suppliers may require product redesign and possibly submission to regulatory bodies, which could significantly impede or delay our commercial activities;
	●	sole-source manufacturers or suppliers could fail to supply the SGT or components of the SGT; and
	●	manufacturers or suppliers could encounter financial or other business hardships unrelated to us, interfering with their fulfilment of our orders and requirements.

 

We may not be able to quickly establish additional or alternative manufacturers or suppliers, if necessary, in part because we may need to undertake additional activities to establish such manufacturers or suppliers as required by the regulatory approval process. We potentially will rely on certain single-source manufacturers or suppliers, and to the extent we do so, these risks will be intensified. Any interruption or delay in obtaining products or components from our third-party manufacturers or suppliers, or shortages of products or components, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers and cause them to switch to competing products.

 

We expect to rely in part on third-party distributors to effectively distribute our products, if our distributors fail to effectively market and sell the SGT and IFP products in full compliance with applicable laws, our operating results and business may suffer.

 

We will depend in part on qualified distributors for the marketing and selling of our products. We will depend on these distributors’ efforts to market our products, yet we will be unable to control their efforts completely. While we entered into non-binding memoranda of understanding with two large distributors in China for the SGT, we have not yet executed any definitive distribution agreements in this regard and there can be no assurances that suitable distributors will be engaged on terms acceptable to us. These distributors typically would sell a variety of other, non-competing products that may limit the resources they dedicate to selling our products. In addition, we are unable to ensure that our distributors will comply with all applicable laws regarding the sale of our products. If our distributors fail to effectively market and sell our products in full compliance with applicable laws, our operating results and business may suffer. Recruiting and retaining qualified third-party distributors and training them in our technology and product offering will require significant time and resources. To develop and expand our distribution, we will be required to scale and improve our processes and procedures that support our distributors. Further, if our relationship with a successful distributor terminates, we may be unable to replace that distributor without disruption to our business. If we fail to develop or maintain positive relationships with our distributors, including in new markets, fail to manage, train or incentivize these distributors effectively, or fail to provide distributors with competitive products on attractive terms, or if these distributors are not successful in their sales efforts, we may not achieve or may have a reduction in revenue and our operating results, reputation and business would be harmed.

 

Failure in our conventional, online and digital marketing efforts could impact our ability to generate sales.

 

We intend to engage in conventional marketing strategies and also may utilize online and digital marketing in order to create awareness to the SGT and the IFP products. Our management believes that using a wide variety of marketing strategies, including online advertisement and a variety of other pay-for-performance methods may be effective for marketing and generating sales of the SGT and the IFP products, as opposed to relying exclusively on traditional, expensive retail channels. In any event, there is a risk that any or all of our marketing strategies could fail. We cannot predict whether the use of traditional and/or non-traditional retail sales tools, in combination with reliance on healthcare providers to educate our customers about the SGT and the IFP products, will be successful in effectively marketing the SGT and the IFP products. The failure of our marketing efforts could negatively impact our ability to generate sales.

 

 

As we intend to conduct business internationally, we are susceptible to risks associated with international relationships, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We are based in the United States, and expect to market, promote and sell our products globally. The international nature of our business requires significant management attention, which could negatively affect our business if it diverts their attention from their other responsibilities. In addition, doing business with foreign customers subjects us to additional risks that companies do not generally face if they operate exclusively within a single jurisdiction. These risks and uncertainties include:

 

	●	different regulatory requirements for medical product approvals in foreign countries;
	●	different standards of care in various countries that could complicate the evaluation of our product candidates;
	●	different medical product import and export rules;
	●	different labor laws;
	●	reduced protection for intellectual property rights in certain countries;
	●	unexpected changes in tariffs, trade barriers and regulatory requirements;
	●	different reimbursement systems and different competitive medical products indicated for glucose testing;
	●	localization of products and services, including translation of foreign languages;
	●	delivery, logistics and storage costs;
	●	longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
	●	difficulties providing customer services;
	●	economic weakness, including inflation, or political instability in particular foreign economies and markets;
	●	compliance with tax, employment, immigration and labor laws for employees living or traveling abroad;
	●	compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the “FCPA,” and other anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws;
	●	foreign taxes, including withholding of payroll taxes;
	●	foreign currency fluctuations, which could result in increased operating expenses and reduced revenues, and other obligations incident to doing business in another country;
	●	restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;
	●	workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the United States;
	●	potential liability resulting from development work conducted by third-party foreign distributors; and
	●	business interruptions resulting from geopolitical actions, including war and terrorism, or natural disasters, management, communication and integration problems resulting from cultural differences and geographic dispersion.

 

The occurrence of any or all of these risks could adversely affect our business. In the event that we are unable to manage the complications associated with international operations, our results of operations, financial condition and business prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

 

If third-party payors do not provide coverage and reimbursement for the use of the SGT and IFP products, our business and prospects may be negatively impacted.

 

Third-party payors, whether governmental or commercial, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. In addition, in certain countries, no uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for medical device products and services exists among third-party payors. Therefore, coverage and reimbursement for medical device products and services can differ significantly from payor to payor. In addition, payors continually review new technologies for possible coverage and can, without notice, deny coverage for these new products and procedures. As a result, the coverage determination process is often a time-consuming and costly process that will require us to provide scientific and clinical support for the use of our products to each payor separately, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be obtained or maintained if obtained. Reimbursement systems in international markets vary significantly by country and by region within some countries, and reimbursement approvals must be obtained on a country-by-country basis. In many international markets, a product must be approved for reimbursement before it can be approved for sale in that country. Further, many international markets have government-managed healthcare systems that control reimbursement for new devices and procedures. For example, no government in the areas where we hold our license has approved reimbursement of the SGT or the IFP Drug Screening System. If sufficient coverage and reimbursement is not available for our current or future products, in any country where our license operates, the demand for our products and our revenues will be adversely affected.

 

Non-United States governments often impose strict price controls, which may adversely affect our future profitability.

 

We intend to seek approval to market the SGT across the APAC Region and expand IFP products offerings in the APAC region. If we obtain approval for SGT in one or more of the jurisdictions within our License Agreement, we will be subject to rules and regulations in those jurisdictions relating to our products. In some countries, pricing may be subject to governmental control under certain circumstances, which may vary country by country. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take considerable time after the receipt of requisite marketing approval. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical evaluation that compares the cost-effectiveness of our product to other available products. If reimbursement of our products or product candidates is unavailable or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, we may be unable to achieve or sustain profitability. Price controls may reduce prices to levels significantly below those that would prevail in less regulated markets or limit the volume of products which may be sold, either of which may have a material and adverse effect on potential revenues from sales of the SGT and IFP products. Moreover, the process and timing for the implementation of price restrictions is unpredictable, which may cause potential revenues from the sales of the SGT and IFP products to fluctuate from period to period.

 

 

The SGT and IFP Drug Screening System, including its software and systems, may contain undetected errors, which could limit our ability to provide our products and services and diminish the attractiveness of our service offerings.

 

The SGT and IFP Drug Screening System may contain undetected errors, defects or bugs. As a result, our customers or end users may discover errors or defects in our products, software or systems, or our products, software or systems may not operate as expected. We may discover significant errors or defects in the future that we may not be able to fix. Our inability to fix any of those errors could limit our ability to provide our products and services, impair the reputation of our brand and diminish the attractiveness of our product and service offerings to our customers. In addition, we may utilize third-party technology or components in our products, and we rely on those third parties to provide support services to us. The existence of errors, defects or bugs in third-party technology or components, or the failure of those third parties to provide necessary support services to us, could materially adversely impact our business.

 

We will rely on the proper function, security and availability of our information technology systems and data to operate our business, and a breach, cyber-attack or other disruption to these systems or data could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation or competitive position.

 

We will depend on sophisticated software and other information technology systems to operate our business, including to process, transmit and store sensitive data, and our products and services will include information technology systems that collect data regarding patients. We could experience attempted or actual interference with the integrity of, and interruptions in, our technology systems, as well as data breaches, such as cyber-attacks, malicious intrusions, breakdowns, interference with the integrity of our products and data or other significant disruptions. Furthermore, we may rely on third-party vendors to supply and/or support certain aspects of our information technology systems. These third-party systems could also become vulnerable to cyber-attack, malicious intrusions, breakdowns, interference or other significant disruptions, and may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could result in system disruption or compromise the information security of our own systems. Our international operations mean that we are subject to laws and regulations, including data protection and cybersecurity laws and regulations, in many jurisdictions. Furthermore, there has been a developing trend of civil lawsuits and class actions relating to breaches of consumer data held by large companies or incidents arising from other cyber-attacks. Any data security breaches, cyber-attacks, malicious intrusions or significant disruptions could result in actions by regulatory bodies and/or civil litigation, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, reputation or competitive position. In addition, our information technology systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving legal and regulatory standards, the increasing need to protect patient and customer information, changes in the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data and information systems, and the information technology needs associated any new products and services. There can be no assurance that our process of consolidating, protecting, upgrading and expanding our systems and capabilities, continuing to build security into the design of our products, and developing new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology will be successful or that additional systems issues will not arise in the future. If our information technology systems, products or services or sensitive data are compromised, patients or employees could be exposed to financial or medical identity theft or suffer a loss of product functionality, and we could lose existing customers, have difficulty attracting new customers, have difficulty preventing, detecting, and controlling fraud, be exposed to the loss or misuse of confidential information, have disputes with customers, physicians, and other health care professionals, suffer regulatory sanctions or penalties, experience increases in operating expenses or an impairment in our ability to conduct our operations, incur expenses or lose revenues as a result of a data privacy breach, product failure, information technology outages or disruptions, or suffer other adverse consequences including lawsuits or other legal action and damage to our reputation.

 

Our future performance will depend on the continued engagement of key members of our management team, and the loss of one or more of the key members of our management team could have a negative impact on our business.

 

Our future performance depends to a large extent on the continued services of members of our current management including, in particular, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. In the event that we lose the continued services of such key personnel for any reason, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and prospects.

 

 

If we are not able to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, scientific and technical personnel, we may not be able to implement our business model successfully.

 

We believe that our management team must be able to act decisively to apply and adapt our business model in the markets in which we will compete. In addition, we will rely upon technical and scientific employees or third-party contractors to effectively establish, manage and grow our business. Consequently, we believe that our future viability will depend largely on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, sales, scientific and technical personnel. In order to do so, we may need to pay higher compensation or fees to our employees or consultants than we currently expect, and such higher compensation payments would have a negative effect on our operating results. Competition for experienced, high-quality personnel is intense and we cannot assure that we will be able to recruit and retain such personnel. We may not be able to hire or retain the necessary personnel to implement our business strategy. Our failure to hire and retain such personnel could impair our ability to develop new products and manage our business effectively.

 

If we or our manufacturers fail to comply with applicable regulatory quality system regulations or any applicable equivalent regulations, our proposed operations could be interrupted, and our operating results may be negatively impacted.

 

We and any third-party manufacturers and suppliers of ours will be required, to the extent of applicable regulation, to follow the quality system regulations of each jurisdiction we will seek to penetrate and also will be subject to the regulations of these jurisdictions regarding the manufacturing processes. If we or any third-party manufacturers or suppliers of ours are found to be in significant non-compliance or fail to take satisfactory corrective action in response to adverse regulatory findings in this regard, regulatory agencies could take enforcement actions against us and such manufacturers or suppliers, which could impair or prevent our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective and timely manner in order to meet customers’ demands. Accordingly, our operating results would suffer.

 

We may be subject to healthcare fraud and abuse laws and regulations which, if violated, could subject us to substantial penalties. Additionally, any challenge to or investigation into our practices under these laws could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to, and thus could harm our business.

 

There are numerous U.S. federal and state, as well as foreign, laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback, false claims and transparency laws. Many international healthcare laws and regulations apply to the glucose monitoring business and medical devices. We will be subject to certain regulations regarding commercial practices false claims. The federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, which prohibit, among other things, individuals, or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs that are false or fraudulent. Private individuals can bring False Claims Act “qui tam” actions, on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “whistleblowers,” may share in amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. When an entity is determined to have violated the federal civil False Claims Act, the government may impose substantial penalties plus three times the amount of damages which the government sustains because of the submission of a false claim, and exclude the entity from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs.

 

If our operations or arrangements are found to be in violation of governmental regulations, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines and the curtailment of our operations. All of these penalties could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

 

Product liability suits, whether or not meritorious, could be brought against us due to an alleged defective product or for the misuse of the SGT or the IFP Drug Screening System. These suits could result in expensive and time-consuming litigation, payment of substantial damages, and an increase in our insurance rates.

 

If the SGT or the IFP Drug Screening System or any future diagnostic test based on the Biosensor Platform or IFP Drug Screening System is defectively designed or manufactured, or contains defective components or is misused, or if someone claims any of the foregoing, whether or not meritorious, we may become subject to substantial and costly litigation. Misusing our devices or failing to adhere to the operating guidelines or our devices producing inaccurate meter readings could cause significant harm to patients, including death. In addition, if our operating guidelines are found to be inadequate, we may be subject to liability. Product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend and result in sizable damage awards against us. While we expect to maintain product liability insurance, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage for all future claims. Any product liability claims brought against us, with or without merit, could increase our product liability insurance rates or prevent us from securing continuing coverage, could harm our reputation in the industry and could reduce revenue. Product liability claims in excess of our insurance coverage would be paid out of cash reserves harming our financial condition and adversely affecting our results of operations.

 

If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.

 

Part of our business plan includes the storage and potential monetization of data of users of the SGT. There are several laws around the world protecting the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient records, and restricting the use and disclosure of that protected information. Privacy rules protect medical records and other personal health information by limiting their use and disclosure, giving individuals the right to access, amend and seek accounting of their own health information and limiting most use and disclosures of health information to the minimum amount reasonably necessary to accomplish the intended purpose. We may face difficulties in holding such information in compliance with applicable law. If we are found to be in violation of the privacy rules, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

We could be party to litigation or other legal proceedings that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and reputation.

 

We may be subject to litigation and other legal proceedings that may adversely affect our business. These legal proceedings may involve claims brought by employees, government agencies, suppliers, shareholders or others through private actions, class actions, administrative proceedings, regulatory actions, or other litigation. These legal proceedings may involve allegations of illegal, unfair or inconsistent employment practices, including wage and hour, employment of minors, discrimination, harassment, wrongful termination, and vacation and family leave laws; data security or privacy breaches; violation of the federal securities laws or other concerns.

 

We could be involved in litigation and legal proceedings in the future. Even if the allegations against us in future legal matters are unfounded or we ultimately are not held liable, the costs to defend ourselves may be significant and the litigation may subject us to substantial settlements, fines, penalties or judgments against us and may consume management’s bandwidth and attention, some or all of which may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Litigation also may generate negative publicity, regardless of whether the allegations are valid, or we ultimately are liable, which could damage our reputation, and adversely impact our sales and our relationship with our employees, clients, and guests.

 

Risks Related to Product Development and Regulatory Approval

 

The regulatory approval process which we may be required to navigate may be expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain and may prevent us from obtaining clearance for the product launch of the SGT and IFP products in certain jurisdiction or our any future product.

 

We intend to market the SGT following regulatory approval. The IFP products may also require regulatory approval in certain jurisdictions to market. To date, we have not received regulatory approval in any jurisdiction and we have not yet commenced 510(k) premarket notification process for expansion into United States markets that require FDA approval. While we are currently planning to sell our IFP products throughout the Asia Pacific Region, Europe and North America, to date we have only sold IFP products in the United Kingdom, Australia and Nepal. Sales is these regions totaled $1.26 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

 

The research, design, testing, manufacturing, labelling, selling, marketing and distribution of medical devices are subject to extensive regulation by country-specific regulatory authorities, which regulations differ from country to country. There can be no assurance that, even after such time and expenditures, we will be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for clinical testing or for the manufacturing or marketing of any products. In addition, during the regulatory process, other companies may develop other technologies with the same intended use as our products. We also will be subject to numerous post-marketing regulatory requirements, which may include labelling regulations and medical device reporting regulations, which may require us to report to different regulatory agencies if our device causes or contributes to a death or serious injury, or malfunctions in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. In addition, these regulatory requirements may change in the future in a way that adversely affects us. If we fail to comply with present or future regulatory requirements that are applicable to us, we may be subject to enforcement action by regulatory agencies, which may include, among others, any of the following sanctions:

 

	●	untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
	●	customer notification, or orders for repair, replacement or refunds;
	●	voluntary or mandatory recall or seizure of our current or future products;
	●	imposing operating restrictions, suspension or shutdown of production;
	●	refusing our requests for clearance or pre-market approval of new products, new intended uses or modifications to the SGT, IFP products or future products;
	●	rescinding clearance or suspending or withdrawing pre-market approvals that have already been granted; and
	●	criminal prosecution.

 

The occurrence of any of these events may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

Clinical data obtained subsequent to the implementation of the clinical evidence module may not meet the required objectives, which could delay, limit or prevent additional regulatory approval.

 

There can be no assurance that we will successfully complete any clinical evaluations necessary to receive regulatory approvals. The preliminary results have been encouraging and indicative of the potential performance of the SGT, data already obtained, or to be obtained in future, from clinical studies do not necessarily predict the results that will be obtained from later clinical evaluations. We market the IFP products in certain jurisdiction as POCT screening device. The clinical studies undertaken to date, may not meet the requirements of certain regulatory bodies for us to market in those jurisdictions. The failure to adequately demonstrate the analytical performance characteristics of the device under development could delay or prevent regulatory approval of the device, which could prevent or result in delays to market launch and could materially harm our business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to receive approval for any potential applications of our principal technology, or that we will receive regulatory clearances from targeted regions or countries.

 

We may be unable to complete required clinical evaluations, or we may experience significant delays in completing such clinical evaluations, which could prevent or significantly delay our targeted product launch timeframe and impair our business plan.

 

The completion of any future clinical evaluations for the SGT and IFP products, or other studies that we may be required to undertake in the future for the SGT or other products based on the Biosensor Platform and IFP Drug Screening System could be delayed, suspended or terminated for several reasons, including:

 

	●	we may fail to or be unable to conduct the clinical evaluation in accordance with regulatory requirements;
	●	sites participating in the trial may drop out of the trial, which may require us to engage new sites for an expansion of the number of sites that are permitted to be involved in the trial;
	●	patients may not enroll in, remain in or complete, the clinical evaluation at the rates we expect; and
	●	clinical investigators may not perform our clinical evaluation on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical evaluation protocol and good clinical practices.

 

If our clinical evaluations are delayed it will take us longer to ultimately launch the SGT and our other products in the market and generate revenues. Moreover, our development costs will increase if we have material delays in our clinical evaluation or if we need to perform more or larger clinical evaluations than planned.

 

We are subject to the risk of reliance on third parties to conduct our clinical evaluation work, their inability to comply with good clinical practice and relevant regulation could adversely affect the clinical development of our product candidates and harm our business.

 

We will depend on independent clinical investigators to conduct our clinical evaluations. Contract research organizations may also assist us in the collection and analysis of data. These investigators and contract research organizations will not be our employees and we will not be able to control, other than by contract, the amount of resources, including time that they devote to products that we develop. If independent investigators fail to devote sufficient resources to our clinical evaluations, or if their performance is substandard, it will delay the approval or clearance and ultimately the market launch of any products that we develop. Further, regulatory bodies require that we comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practice, for conducting, recording and reporting clinical evaluations to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected. If our independent clinical investigators and contract research organizations fail to comply with good clinical practice, the results of our clinical evaluations could be called into question and the clinical development of our product candidates could be delayed. Failure of clinical investigators or contract research organizations to meet their obligations to us or comply with applicable regulations could adversely affect the clinical development of our product candidates and harm our business. Moreover, we intend to have several clinical evaluations in order to support our marketing efforts and business development purposes. Such clinical evaluations will be conducted by third parties as well. Failure of such clinical evaluations to meet their primary endpoints could adversely affect our marketing efforts.

 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

Our success will depend on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our intellectual property rights.

 

In order to remain competitive, we must develop, maintain and protect the proprietary aspects of our brands, technologies and data. We rely on a combination of contractual provisions, confidentiality procedures and patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect the proprietary aspects of our brands, technologies and data. These legal measures afford only limited protection, and competitors or others may gain access to or use our intellectual property and proprietary information. Our success will depend, in part, on preserving our trade secrets, maintaining the security of our data and know-how and obtaining and maintaining other intellectual property rights by us. We may not be able to obtain or maintain intellectual property or other proprietary rights necessary to our business or in a form that provides us with a competitive advantage.

 

 

In addition, our trade secrets, data and know-how could be subject to unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure to unauthorized parties, despite our efforts to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, clients and other vendors who have access to such information and could otherwise become known or be independently discovered by third parties. Our intellectual property, including trademarks, could be challenged, invalidated, infringed, and circumvented by third parties, and our trademarks could also be diluted, declared generic or found to be infringing on other marks. If any of the foregoing occurs, we could be forced to re-brand our products, resulting in loss of brand recognition and requiring us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands, and suffer other competitive harm. Third parties may also adopt trademarks similar to ours, which could harm our brand identity and lead to market confusion. Failure to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights necessary to our business and failure to protect, monitor and control the use of our intellectual property rights could negatively impact our ability to compete and cause us to incur significant expenses. The intellectual property laws and other statutory and contractual arrangements in the United States and other jurisdictions we depend upon may not provide sufficient protection in the future to prevent the infringement, use, violation or misappropriation of our trademarks, data, technology and other intellectual property and services, and may not provide an adequate remedy if our intellectual property rights are infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated.

 

We rely, in part, on our ability to obtain, maintain, expand, enforce, and defend the scope of our intellectual property portfolio or other proprietary rights, including the amount and timing of any payments we may be required to make in connection the filing, defense and enforcement of any patents or other intellectual property rights. The process of applying for and obtaining a patent is expensive, time consuming and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost, in a timely manner, or in all jurisdictions where protection may be commercially advantageous, or we may not be able to protect our proprietary rights at all. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may be able to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the issuance of a patent does not ensure that it is valid or enforceable, so even if we obtain patents, they may not be valid or enforceable against third parties. Our patent applications may not result in issued patents and our patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology.

 

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

 

	●	any of our patents, or any of our pending patent applications, if issued, will include claims having a scope sufficient to protect our products;
	●	any of our pending patent applications will issue as patents;
	●	we will be able to successfully commercialize our products on a substantial scale, if approved, before our relevant patents we may have expire;
	●	we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our patents and pending patent applications;
	●	we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;
	●	others will not develop similar or alternative technologies that do not infringe our patents; any of our patents will be found to ultimately be valid and enforceable
	●	any patents issued to us will provide a basis for an exclusive market for our commercially viable products, will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties
	●	we will develop additional proprietary technologies or products that are separately patentable; or
	●	our commercial activities or products will not infringe upon the patents of others.

 

Moreover, even if we are able to obtain patent protection, such patent protection may be of insufficient scope to achieve our business objectives. Issued patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented. Decisions by courts and governmental patent agencies may introduce uncertainty in the enforceability or scope of patents owned by or licensed to us. Furthermore, the issuance of a patent does not give us the right to practice the patented invention. Third parties may have blocking patents that could prevent us from marketing our own products and practicing our own technology. Alternatively, third parties may seek approval to market their own products similar to or otherwise competitive with our products. In these circumstances, we may need to defend or assert our patents, including by filing lawsuits alleging patent infringement. In any of these types of proceedings, a court or agency with jurisdiction may find our patents invalid, unenforceable or not infringed; competitors may then be able to market products and use manufacturing and analytical processes that are substantially similar to ours. Even if we have valid and enforceable patents, these patents still may not provide protection against competing products or processes sufficient to achieve our business objectives

 

Obtaining and maintaining patent protection depends on compliance with various procedural, document submission, fee payment and other requirements imposed by governmental patent agencies, and our patent protection could be reduced or eliminated for non-compliance with these requirements.

 

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and various foreign governmental patent agencies require compliance with a number of procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar provisions during the patent application process. In addition, periodic maintenance fees on issued patents often must be paid to the USPTO and foreign patent agencies over the lifetime of the patent. While an unintentional lapse can in many cases be cured by payment of a late fee or by other means in accordance with the applicable rules, there are situations in which noncompliance can result in abandonment or lapse of the patent or patent application, resulting in partial or complete loss of patent rights in the relevant jurisdiction. Non-compliance events that could result in abandonment or lapse of a patent or patent application include, but are not limited to, failure to respond to official actions within prescribed time limits, non-payment of fees and failure to properly legalize and submit formal documents. If we fail to maintain the patents and patent applications covering our products, we may not be able to stop a competitor from marketing products that are the same as or similar to our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

  

Patent terms may not be able to protect our competitive position for an adequate period of time with respect to our current or future technologies.

 

Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, the standard patent term is typically 20 years after filing. Various extensions may be available. Even so, the life of a patent and the protection it affords are limited. As a result, our patent portfolio provides us with limited rights that may not last for a sufficient period of time to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours. For example, given the large amount of time required for the research, development, testing and regulatory review of medical devices, patents protecting our products might expire before or shortly after they are commercialized.

 

Extensions of patent term may be available, but there is no guarantee that we would succeed in obtaining any particular extension-and no guarantee any such extension would confer patent term for a sufficient period of time to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.

 

Additionally, an extension may not be granted or may be limited where there is, for example, a failure to exercise due diligence during the testing phase or regulatory review process, failure to apply within applicable deadlines, failure to apply before expiration of relevant patents, or some other failure to satisfy applicable requirements. If this occurs, our competitors may be able to launch their products earlier by taking advantage of our investment in development and clinical trials along with our clinical and pre-clinical data. This could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to achieve profitability

 

We and/or the Licensor may be subject to claims alleging the violation of the intellectual property rights of others, which could involve in lawsuits to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, which could be expensive, time consuming and unsuccessful.

 

We may face significant expense and liability as a result of litigation or other proceedings relating to intellectual property rights of others. In the event that another party has intellectual property protection relating to an invention or technologies licensed by us from the Licensor, we and/or the Licensor may be required to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the regulatory authorities to determine priority of invention, which could result in substantial uncertainties and costs for us, even if the eventual outcome was favorable to us. We and/or the Licensor also could be required to participate in interference proceedings involving intellectual property of another entity. An adverse outcome in an interference proceeding could require us and/or the Licensor to cease using the technology, to substantially modify it or to license rights from prevailing third parties, which could delay or prevent the launch of our products in the market or adversely affect our profitability. The cost to us of any intellectual property litigation or other proceeding relating the intellectual property licensed by us from the Licensor, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial, especially given our early stage of development. A third-party may claim that we and/or the Licensor are using inventions claimed by their intellectual property and may go to court to stop us and/or the Licensor from engaging in our normal operations and activities, such as research, development and the sale of any future products. Such lawsuits are expensive and would consume significant time and other resources. There is a risk that a court will decide that we and/or the Licensor are infringing the third-party’s intellectual property and will order us to stop the activities claimed by the intellectual property. In addition, there is a risk that a court will order us and/or the Licensor to pay the other party damages for having infringed their intellectual property. While the Licensor is required to indemnify us for certain losses in connection with such proceedings, there can be no assurance that the Licensor will be able to satisfy any such obligation. Moreover, there is no guarantee that any prevailing intellectual property owner would offer us a license so that we could continue to engage in activities claimed by the intellectual property, or that such a license, if made available to us, could be acquired on commercially acceptable terms.

 

We understand that the External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), pursuant to a creditors meeting held on July 21, 2023, sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. Accordingly, the Company plans to discuss the future licensing of SGT products with the University of Newcastle. There is an inherent risk related to the possibility of modifications to our rights to, or the Company’s ability to use, the Licensed Products, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results.

 

We are party to the SGT License Agreement with LSBD, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company licenses certain products from LSBD, and has a 50% interest in BiosensX (North America) Inc. which has exclusive license to use, make, sell and offer to sell products under the intellectual property rights in connection with the Biosensor technology and the glucose/diabetes management field in the United States, Mexico and Canada. According to the Australian Securities and Investment Commission’s (ASIC’s), Companies and Organizations Register, on May 10, 2022, LSBD filed a Notice of Appointment of External Administrator, followed by a filing of a Deed of Company Arrangement on the August 2, 2022.

 

We understand that the External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), pursuant to a creditors meeting held on July 21, 2023, sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. Accordingly, the Company plans to discuss the future licensing of the SGT products with the University of Newcastle. There is an inherent risk related to the possibility of modifications to our rights to, or the Company’s ability to use, the Licensed Products, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results.

 

 

We depend on intellectual property licensed from the Licensor for our SGT products, and any absence of legal effect of the license or dispute over the license would significantly harm our business.

 

We are dependent on the intellectual property licensed from the Licensor for our SGT products. Although the License Agreement may not be terminated by the Licensor as long as we are continuing our operations, any absence of legal effect of the license could result in the loss of significant rights and could harm our ability to launch the SGT in the market. Disputes may also arise between us and the Licensor regarding intellectual property subject to the License Agreement. If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms or are insufficient to provide us the necessary rights to use the intellectual property, we may be unable to successfully develop and launch the SGT and our other product candidates from Biosensor Platform. If we or the Licensor fail to adequately protect this intellectual property, our ability to launch our products in the market also could suffer. For so long as we are dependent on the intellectual property covered by the License Agreement for the pursuit of our business, any such disputes relating to the License Agreement or failure to protect the intellectual property could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

We will depend primarily on the Licensor to file, prosecute, maintain, defend and enforce intellectual property that we license from it and that is material to our business.

 

The intellectual property relating to the COV2T and/or SGT is owned by the Licensor. Under the License Agreement, the Licensor generally has the right to file, prosecute, maintain and defend the intellectual property we have licensed from the Licensor. If the Licensor fails to conduct these activities for intellectual property protection covering any of our product candidates, our ability to develop and launch those product candidates may be adversely affected and we may not be able to prevent competitors from making, using or selling competing products. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the License Agreement with the Licensor, the Licensor generally has the right to control the enforcement of our licensed intellectual property and the defense of any claims asserting the invalidity of that intellectual property. We cannot be certain that the Licensor will allocate sufficient resources to and otherwise prioritize the enforcement of such intellectual property or the defense of such claims to protect our interests in the licensed intellectual property. In the absence of action by the Licensor, we may be unable to protect and enforce the proprietary rights on which our business relies. Even if we are not a party to these legal actions, an adverse outcome could harm our business because it might prevent us from continuing to use the licensed intellectual property that we need to operate our business. In addition, even if we take control of the prosecution of licensed intellectual property and related applications, enforcement of licensed intellectual property, or defense of claims asserting the invalidity of that intellectual property, we may still be adversely affected or prejudiced by actions or inactions of the Licensor and its counsel that took place prior to or after our assuming control, and we cannot ensure the cooperation of the Licensor in any such action. Furthermore, if we take action to protect, enforce or defend the licensed intellectual property, we may incur significant costs and the attention of our management may be diverted from our normal business operations. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

 

We and the Licensor may be unable to protect or enforce the intellectual property rights licensed to us, which could impair our competitive position.

 

For our business to be viable and to compete effectively, the proprietary rights with respect to the technologies and intellectual property used in our products must be developed and maintained. The Licensor relies primarily on patent protection and trade secrets, as well as a combination of copyright and trademark laws and nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements to protect its technology and intellectual property rights. There are significant risks associated with the Licensor’s ability (or our ability, in the absence of action by the Licensor) to protect the intellectual property licensed to us, including:

 

	●	pending intellectual property applications may not be approved or may take longer than expected to result in approval in one or more of the countries in which we operate;
	●	the Licensor’s intellectual property rights may not provide meaningful protection;
	●	other companies may challenge the validity or extent of the Licensor’s patents and other proprietary intellectual property rights through litigation, oppositions and other proceedings. These proceedings can be protracted as well as unpredictable;
	●	other companies may have independently developed (or may in the future independently develop) similar or alternative technologies, may duplicate the Licensor’s technologies or may design their technologies around the Licensor’s technologies;
	●	enforcement of intellectual property rights is complex, uncertain and expensive, and may be subject to lengthy delays. In the event we take control of any such action under the License Agreement, our ability to enforce our intellectual property protection could be limited by our financial resources; and
	●	the other risks described under “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.”

 

If any of the Licensor’s patents or other intellectual property rights fail to protect the technologies licensed by us, it would make it easier for our competitors to offer similar products. Any inability on the Licensor’s part (or on our part, in the absence of action by the Licensor) to adequately protect its intellectual property may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

We and the Licensor have limited foreign intellectual property rights and may not be able to protect those intellectual property rights, which means that we and/or Licensor may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions or from selling or importing products made using those inventions.

 

Our intellectual property rights include intellectual property licensed from the Licensor for our SGT Products and rights related to the IFP products. The we and the Licensor have determined that filing, prosecuting and defending intellectual property rights in all countries globally would be prohibitively expensive, and intellectual property rights in some countries can be less extensive than those in the United States. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property to the same extent as laws in the United States. Consequently, we and/or the Licensor may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions or from selling or importing products made using our inventions. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained intellectual property rights to develop their own products and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have intellectual property protection, but enforcement is not as strong as that in the United States. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. The legal systems of certain countries do not favor the enforcement of trade secrets and other intellectual property, particularly those relating to medical device products, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our intellectual property or marketing of competing products industry of our proprietary rights generally. An adverse determination or an insufficient damage award in any such litigation could materially impair our intellectual property rights and may otherwise harm our business. In addition, some developing countries in the APAC Region have compulsory licensing laws under which an intellectual property owner may be compelled to grant licenses to third parties. In those countries, we and/or the Licensor may have limited remedies if our intellectual property is infringed or if we and/or the Licensor are compelled to grant a license to a third-party, which could materially diminish the value of that intellectual property. Furthermore, we may not be able to register or otherwise protect the trademark “Glucose Biosensor” in developing countries in the APAC Region.

 

We and the Licensor rely on confidentiality agreements that could be breached and may be difficult to enforce, which could result in third parties using our intellectual property to compete against us.

 

Although we believe that we and the Licensor take reasonable steps to protect our intellectual property, including the use of agreements relating to the non-disclosure of confidential information to third parties, as well as agreements that purport to require the disclosure and assignment to us of the rights to the ideas, developments, discoveries and inventions of our employees and consultants while we or the Licensor employ them, the agreements can be difficult and costly to enforce. Although we and the Licensor seek to enter into these types of agreements with contractors, consultants, advisors and research collaborators, to the extent that employees and consultants utilize or independently develop intellectual property in connection with any of our projects, disputes may arise as to the intellectual property rights associated with our technology. If a dispute arises, a court may determine that the right belongs to a third-party. In addition, enforcement of our rights and the rights of the Licensor can be costly and unpredictable. We and the Licensor also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how that we and the Licensor may seek to protect in part by confidentiality agreements with employees, contractors, consultants, advisors or others. Despite the protective measures we employ, we and the Licensor still face the risk that:

 

	●	these agreements may be breached;
	●	these agreements may not provide adequate remedies for the applicable type of breach;
	●	our proprietary know-how will otherwise become known; or
	●	our competitors will independently develop similar technology or proprietary information.

 

We and the Licensor may be subject to claims challenging the invention of the intellectual property that we license from the Licensor.

 

We and the Licensor may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest in intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. For example, we and the Licensor may have inventorship disputes arising from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship. If we and the Licensor fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we and the Licensor may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. As a result, it is unclear whether and, if so, to what extent employees of ours and the Licensor may be able to claim compensation with respect to our future revenue. We may receive less revenue from future products if any of employees of the Licensor or us successfully claim compensation for their work in developing our intellectual property, which in turn could impact our future profitability.

 

 

Risks Related to Our Industry

 

Our products and operations are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight both in the United States and abroad. If we fail to obtain and maintain necessary regulatory approvals current IFP products, or if approvals for future products and indications are delayed or not issued, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our proprietary IFP Drug Screening System is subject to extensive regulation in the United States and abroad, including the European Union, our largest market for the IFP Drug Screening System. Government regulations specific to medical devices are wide ranging and govern, among other things:

 

	●	Product design, development, manufacture, and release;
	●	Laboratory, pre-clinical and clinical testing, labeling, packaging, storage and distribution;
	●	Product safety and efficacy;
	●	Premarketing clearance or approval;
	●	Service operations;
	●	Record keeping;
	●	Product marketing, promotion and advertising, sales and distribution;
	●	Post-marketing surveillance, including reporting of deaths or serious injuries and recalls and correction and removals;
	●	Post-market approval studies; and
	●	Product import and export.

 

If we fail to remain in compliance with applicable European laws and directives, we would be unable to continue to affix the CE mark to our products, which would prevent us from selling them within the European Economic Area (“EEA”).

 

We plan to commence required regulatory approval process with FDA in the United States, which may be an expensive, lengthy and unpredictable process. We may not be able to obtain any necessary clearances or approval or may be unduly delayed in doing so, which will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals for a product, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses for the product, which may limit the market for the  product.

 

The FDA can delay, limit or deny clearance or approval of a device for many reasons, including:

 

	●	Our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or the applicable regulatory entity or notified body that our products are safe or effective for their intended uses;
	●	The disagreement of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory body with the design or implementation of our clinical trials or the interpretation of data from pre-clinical studies or clinical trials;
	●	Serious and unexpected adverse effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials;
	●	The data from our pre-clinical studies and clinical trials may be insufficient to support clearance or approval, where required;
	●	Our inability to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of the product outweigh the risks;
	●	The manufacturing process or facilities we use may not meet applicable requirements; and
	●	The potential for approval policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory bodies to change significantly in a manner rendering our clinical data or regulatory filings insufficient for clearance or approval.

 

Furthermore, the FDA and state and international authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by any such agency, which may include any of the following sanctions:

 

	●	Adverse publicity, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
	●	Repair, replacement, refunds, recall or seizure of our products;
	●	Operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
	●	Denial of our requests for regulatory clearance or premarket approval of new products or services, new intended uses or modifications to existing products or services;
	●	Withdrawal of regulatory clearance or premarket approvals that have already been granted; or
	●	Criminal prosecution.

 

If any of these events were to occur, it will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

In addition, the medical device and other medical product industries in the APAC Region, where we plan to expand our product offering in the near future are generally subject to comprehensive government regulation and supervision, encompassing the approval, registration, manufacturing, packaging, licensing and marketing of new products. In addition, the regulatory frameworks in the APAC Region regarding our industry are subject to change. Any such changes may result in increased compliance costs on our business or cause delays in or prevent the successful development or launch of our product candidates in the APAC Region. The regulatory authorities in the countries and territories constituting the APAC Region also may launch investigations of individual companies or on an industry-wide basis. The costs and time necessary to respond to an investigation can be material. Any failure by us or our partners to maintain compliance with applicable laws and regulations or obtain and maintain required licenses and permits may result in the suspension or termination of our business activities in certain countries and territories in the APAC Region or in the region as a whole.

 

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations could be expensive, and the failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to significant liability.

 

Our research, development and manufacturing operations including product assembly line at Cambridge, UK involve the use of hazardous substances, and we are subject to a variety foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to the storage, use, handling, generation, manufacture, treatment, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances. Our products may also contain hazardous substances, and they are subject laws and regulations relating to labelling requirements and to their sale, collection, recycling, treatment, storage and disposal. Compliance with these laws and regulations may be expensive and noncompliance could result in substantial fines and penalties. Environmental laws and regulations also impose liability for the remediation of releases of hazardous substances into the environment and for personal injuries resulting from exposure to hazardous substances, and they can give rise to substantial remediation costs and to third-party claims, including for property damage and personal injury. Liability under environmental laws and regulations can be joint and several and without regard to fault or negligence, and they tend to become more stringent over time, imposing greater compliance costs and increased risks and penalties associated with violations. We cannot assure you that violations of these laws and regulations, or releases of or exposure to hazardous substances, will not occur in the future or have not occurred in the past, including as a result of human error, accidents, equipment failure or other causes. The costs of complying with environmental laws and regulations, and liabilities that may be imposed for violating them, or for remediation obligations or responding to third-party claims, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If we or our suppliers fail to comply The United Kingdom Accreditation Services (UKAS), FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR) and CE (European Conformity) Markings and other relevant regulations regulation, our manufacturing or distribution operations could be delayed or shut down and our revenue could suffer.

 

Our manufacturing and design processes for certain of our products and those of certain of our third-party suppliers are required to comply with The United Kingdom Accreditation Services (UKAS), FDA’s QSR and CE markings in the European Union. This covers procedures and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labelling, packaging, storage and shipping of our IFP Drug Screening System. We are also subject to ongoing International Organization for Standardization (“ISO 13485”) compliance in all operations, including design, manufacturing, and service, to maintain our CE Mark. In addition, we must engage in extensive recordkeeping and reporting and must make available our facilities and records for periodic unannounced inspections by governmental agencies, including the FDA, state authorities, European Union Notified Bodies and comparable agencies in other countries. If we fail a regulatory inspection, our operations could be disrupted and our manufacturing interrupted. Failure to take adequate corrective action in response to an adverse regulatory inspection could result in, among other things, a shutdown of our manufacturing or product distribution operations, significant fines, suspension of marketing clearances and approvals, seizures or recalls of our device, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, our key component suppliers may not currently be or may not continue to be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, which may result in manufacturing delays for our product and cause our revenue to decline.

 

We can provide no assurance that we will continue to remain in compliance with the UKAS, QSR and European Union Notified Bodies. If the FDA, UKAS and European Union of Notified Bodies inspect any of our facilities and discover compliance problems, we may have to cease manufacturing and product distribution until we can take the appropriate remedial steps to correct the audit findings. Taking corrective action may be expensive, time consuming and a distraction for management and if we experience a delay at our manufacturing facility, we may be unable to produce our products or solutions, which will negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

We face intense competition in the self-monitoring of glucose market, particularly blood-based products, and as a result we may be unable to effectively compete in our industry.

 

The SGT, which is currently on commercialization phase, is expected to compete directly and primarily with large medical device companies, as well as with second and third tier companies having various levels of sophistication and resources. The large companies have most of the glucose monitoring business and strong research and development capacity. Their dominant market position over the last few decades and significant control over markets could significantly limit our ability to introduce the SGT and other products from the Biosensor Platform or effectively market and generate sales of the products. We have not yet entered the revenue stage from our SGT products, as these are still on the commercialization phase, and most of our competitors have long histories and strong reputations within the industry. They have significantly greater brand recognition, financial and human resources than we do. They also have more experience and capabilities in researching and developing testing devices, obtaining and maintaining regulatory clearances and other requirements, manufacturing and marketing those products than we do. There is a significant risk that we may be unable to overcome the advantages held by our competition, and our inability to do so could lead to the failure of our business. Competition in the glucose monitoring markets is intense, which can lead to, among other things, price reductions, longer selling cycles, lower product margins, loss of market share and additional working capital requirements. To succeed, we must, among other things, gain consumer acceptance for the SGT and other products that stem from the Biosensor Platform, as well as for our technical solutions, prices and response time, or a combination of these factors, other than those of other competitors. If our competitors offer significant discounts on certain products, we may need to lower our prices or offer other favorable terms in order to compete successfully. Moreover, any broad-based changes to our prices and pricing policies could make it difficult to generate revenues or cause our revenues, if established, to decline. Moreover, if our competitors develop and commercialize products that are more desirable than the SGT or the other products that we may develop, we may not convince customers to use our products. Any such changes would likely reduce our commercial opportunity and revenue potential and could materially adversely impact our operating results.

 

If we or the Licensor fail to respond quickly to technological or other developments, our products may become uncompetitive and obsolete.

 

The drug screening, medical testing and glucose monitoring markets may experience rapid technology developments, changes in industry standards, changes in customer requirements, changes in demand, and frequent new product introductions and improvements. If we or the Licensor are unable to respond to these developments, we may lose competitive position, and our other products may become uncompetitive or obsolete, causing our business and prospects to suffer.

 

In order to compete, we and the Licensor need to adjust, develop, license or acquire new technology on a schedule that keeps pace with technological and other developments and the requirements for products addressing a broad spectrum of needs. For example, as a result of the significant global progress made in mitigating the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for COVID-19 testing products significantly diminished, which led us to redirect our resources and efforts away from developing products related to COVID testing to instead acquire and develop drug testing and screening systems.

 

Fluctuation in the value of foreign currencies may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

 

A substantial portion of our revenues and costs may be denominated in foreign currencies, such as the British Pound, Australian Dollar or Japanese Yen. Any significant change in value of these foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar may materially affect our cash flows, net revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our common stock in U.S. dollars. For example, an appreciation of any such foreign currency against the U.S. dollar would make any new investments or expenditures denominated in the foreign currency costlier to us, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into the foreign currency for such purposes. Conversely, a significant depreciation of any such foreign currency against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of our common stock. If we decide to convert any such foreign currency into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common stock, strategic acquisitions or investments or other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the foreign currency would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. We do not expect to hedge against the risks associated with fluctuations in exchange rates and, therefore, exchange rate fluctuations could have an adverse impact on our future operating results. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

 

 

We are subject to laws and regulations governing business conduct, which will require us to develop and implement costly compliance programs.

 

We must comply with a wide range of laws and regulations to prevent corruption, bribery, and other unethical business practices, including the FCPA, anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in other countries. The creation and implementation of international business practices compliance programs is costly and such programs are difficult to enforce, particularly where reliance on third parties is required. Anti-bribery laws prohibit us, our employees, and some of our agents or representatives from offering or providing any personal benefit to covered government officials to influence their performance of their duties or induce them to serve interests other than the missions of the public organizations in which they serve. Certain commercial bribery rules also prohibit offering or providing any personal benefit to employees and representatives of commercial companies to influence their performance of their duties or induce them to serve interests other than their employers. The FCPA also obligates companies whose securities are listed in the United States to comply with certain accounting provisions requiring us to maintain books and records that accurately and fairly reflect all transactions of the corporation, including international subsidiaries, and devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls for international operations. The anti-bribery provisions of the FCPA are enforced primarily by the Department of Justice. The SEC is involved with enforcement of the books and records provisions of the FCPA. Compliance with these anti-bribery laws is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem. In addition, the anti-bribery laws present particular challenges in the medical products industries because in many countries, a majority of hospitals are state-owned or operated by the government, and doctors and other hospital employees are considered civil servants. Furthermore, in certain countries, hospitals and clinics are permitted to sell medical devices to their patients and are primary or significant distributors of medical devices. Certain payments to hospitals in connection with clinical studies, procurement of medical devices and other work have been deemed to be improper payments to government officials that have led to vigorous anti-bribery law enforcement actions and heavy fines in multiple jurisdictions, particularly in the United States and China. It is not always possible to identify and deter violations, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. In the medical products industries, corrupt practices include, among others, acceptance of kickbacks, bribes or other illegal gains or benefits by the hospitals and medical practitioners from medical device manufacturers, distributors or their third-party agents in connection with the prescription of certain medical devices or disposables. If our employees, affiliates, distributors or third-party marketing firms violate these laws or otherwise engage in illegal practices with respect to their sales or marketing of our products or other activities involving our products, we could be required to pay damages or heavy fines by multiple jurisdictions where we operate, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our potential customers also may deny access to sales representatives from medical device companies because the potential customers want to avoid the perception of corruption, which could adversely affect our ability to promote our products. As we expand our operations in the APAC Region, we will need to increase the scope of our compliance programs to address the risks relating to the potential for violations of the FCPA and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. Our compliance programs will need to include policies addressing not only the FCPA, but also the provisions of a variety of anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in multiple jurisdictions, including provisions relating to books and records that apply to us as a public company, and will need to include effective training for our personnel throughout our organization. The creation and implementation of anti-corruption compliance programs is costly and such programs are difficult to enforce, particularly where reliance on third parties is required. Violation of the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws can result in significant administrative and criminal penalties for us and our employees, including substantial fines, suspension or debarment from government contracting, prison sentences, or even the death penalty in extremely serious cases in certain countries. The SEC also may suspend or bar us from trading securities on United States exchanges for violation of the FCPA’s accounting provisions. Even if we are not ultimately punished by government authorities, the costs of investigation and review, distraction of company personnel, legal defense costs, and harm to our reputation could be substantial and could limit our profitability or our ability to develop or launch our product candidates. In addition, if any of our competitors are not subject to the FCPA, they may engage in practices that will lead to their receipt of preferential treatment from potential customers and enable them to secure business from potential customers in ways that are unavailable to us.

 

Changes in the economic, political or social conditions or government policies in the APAC Region could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.

 

The economies and societies of certain countries and territories in the APAC Region, continue to undergo significant change. Adverse changes in the political and economic policies in these countries and territories could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of these countries and territories, which could adversely affect our ability to conduct business in these countries and territories. The governments of these countries and territories continue to adjust economic policies to promote economic growth. Some of these measures may benefit the overall economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. As the medical product industry grows and evolves in these countries and territories, the governments may also implement measures to change the structure of foreign investment in this industry. We are unable to predict any such policy changes, any of which could materially and adversely affect our ability to finance or conduct our business in these countries and territories. Any failure on our part to comply with changing government regulations and policies could result in the loss of our ability to develop and launch our product candidates in these countries and territories.

 

 

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Common Stock

 

We may not be able to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq or maintain the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq.

 

We must meet certain financial, liquidity and other listing requirements in order to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. One of these requirements is that our common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 or more per share (“Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). If we violate Nasdaq’s listing requirements or if we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards without regaining compliance, our common stock may be delisted. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may materially impair our shareholders’ ability to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. The delisting of our common stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment. The Company was previously out of compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, but on February 27, 2023, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it had regained compliance with this requirement. However, there can be no assurance that we will remain in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. For additional information regarding the Company regaining compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, see “Prospectus Summary – Nasdaq Compliance.”

 

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If our remediation of the material weaknesses is not effective, or if we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

 

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2022, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal controls such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

The material weaknesses related to (a) the fact that the Company has not yet designed and maintained an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, including (i) that the Company had not yet completed the formally documented policies and procedures with respect to the review, supervision and monitoring of the Company’s accounting and reporting functions, (ii) the lack of evidence to support the performance of controls and the adequacy of review procedures, including the completeness and accuracy of information used in the performance of controls and (iii) that the Company had limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources necessary to adequately execute the Company’s accounting processes and address its internal controls over financial reporting requirements; and (b) the lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of US GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to prepare consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with US GAAP and SEC reporting requirements.

 

We have implemented and are in the process of implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate these material weaknesses, including the hiring of additional qualified accounting and finance personnel, enhancing our controls to improve the preparation and review over complex accounting measurements and the application of GAAP, and engaging independent experts and outside consultants.

 

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken and that we intend to take will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses we have identified or avoid potential future material weaknesses. While we believe that our efforts will enhance our internal control, remediation of the material weaknesses will require further validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles, and we cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses.

 

 

We are obligated to develop and maintain a system of effective internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may harm investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

 

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal controls. We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. However, our auditors will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, if we take advantage of the exemptions available to us through the JOBS Act. Even after we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” our auditors will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting unless we are an accelerated filer or a large accelerated filer (as defined under the Exchange Act). We are in the very early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and process documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. As we transition to the requirements of reporting as a public company, we may need to add additional finance staff. We may not be able to complete our evaluation and testing in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. We may not be able to remediate any material weaknesses in a timely fashion. If we are unable to complete our evaluation and testing, or if we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, particularly if we have been unable to remediate any material weaknesses identified, or if or our auditors, when required to do so, are unable to express an opinion that our internal controls are effective, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could harm our stock price.

 

We are an emerging growth company and currently have limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources. This can result in lack of necessary resources to adequately execute our accounting processes and address our internal controls over financial reporting requirements.

 

The Company is an emerging growth company. Prior to our initial public offering (“IPO”), which we completed in December 2020, the Company was a private corporation with limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources necessary to adequately execute its accounting processes and address its internal controls over financial reporting requirements. As a result, previously existing internal controls are no longer sufficient, and the Company is in the process of updating these controls. The design and implementation of internal control over financial reporting for the Company’s post-IPO has required and will continue to require significant time and resources from management and other personnel.

 

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our stockholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or products.

 

Since our inception, our operations have been financed primarily by net proceeds from the sale of our convertible preferred stock and common stock, indebtedness and revenue from the sales of our products. We anticipate our future capital requirements will be substantial and that we will need to raise significant additional capital to fund our operations through equity or debt financing, or some combination thereof. We are currently exploring fundraising opportunities to meet these capital requirements. If we are unable to raise additional funding to meet our operational needs, we will be forced to limit or cease our operations.

 

In addition to our current capital needs, we regularly consider fundraising opportunities and may decide, from time to time, to raise capital based on various factors, including market conditions and our plans of operation. We may seek funds through borrowings or through additional rounds of financing, including private or public equity or debt offerings. Additional capital may not be available to us on acceptable terms on a timely basis, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, or if the terms of potential funding sources are unfavorable, our business and our ability to develop our technology and our products would be harmed. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may suffer dilution and the terms of any financing may adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. In addition, as a condition to providing additional funds to us, future investors may demand, and may be granted, rights superior to those of existing stockholders. Debt financing, if available, is likely to involve restrictive covenants limiting our flexibility in conducting future business activities, and, in the event of insolvency, debt holders would be repaid before holders of our equity securities receive any distribution of our corporate assets. We also could be required to seek funds through arrangements with partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights or jointly own some aspects of our technologies or products that we would otherwise pursue on our own.

 

 

The market price of our common stock may be significantly volatile.

 

The market price for our common stock may be significantly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

 

	●	developments prior to commercial sales relating to regulatory approval, manufacturing and distribution of our products;
	●	actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
	●	changes in financial or operational estimates or projections;
	●	conditions in markets generally;
	●	changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies similar to ours; and
	●	general economic or political conditions in the United States or elsewhere.

 

In particular, the market prices for securities of medical device companies have historically been particularly volatile. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:

 

	●	any delay in or the results of our clinical evaluations;
	●	any delay in manufacturing of our products;
	●	any delay with the approval for reimbursement for the patients from their insurance companies;
	●	our failure to comply with regulatory requirements;
	●	the announcements of clinical evaluation data, and the investment community’s perception of and reaction to those data;
	●	the results of clinical evaluations conducted by others on products that would compete with ours;
	●	any delay or failure to receive clearance or approval from regulatory agencies or bodies;
	●	our inability to commercially launch products or market and generate sales of our products, including the SGT;
	●	failure of the SGT or any other products, even if approved for marketing, to achieve any level of commercial success;
	●	our failure to obtain intellectual property protection for any of our technologies and products (including those related to the SGT) or the issuance of third-party intellectual property that cover our proposed technologies or products;
	●	developments or disputes concerning our product’s intellectual property rights;
	●	our or our competitors’ technological innovations;
	●	general and industry-specific economic conditions that may affect our expenditures;
	●	changes in market valuations of similar companies;
	●	announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments, new technologies, or intellectual property;
	●	failure to adequately manufacture the SGT or any other products through third parties;
	●	future sales of our common stock or other securities, including shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or otherwise issued pursuant to certain contractual rights;
	●	period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results; and
	●	low or high trading volume of our common stock due to many factors, including the terms of our financing arrangements.

 

In addition, if we fail to reach an important research, development or commercialization milestone or result by a publicly expected deadline, even if by only a small margin, there could be significant impact on the market price of our common stock. Additionally, as we approach the announcement of anticipated significant information and as we announce such information, we expect the price of our common stock to be volatile and negative results would have a substantial negative impact on the price of our common stock. In some cases, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our business operations and reputation.

 

 

We incur significantly increased costs and are subject to additional regulations and requirements as a result of becoming a public company, which could lower our profits or make it more difficult to run our business.

 

As a public company, and particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to compliance with these requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors. Furthermore, new or changing laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we will incur as a public company or the timing of such costs. Moreover, our executive officers have little experience in operating a United States public company, which makes our ability to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations uncertain. Our failure to company with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to United States public companies could subject us or our management to regulatory scrutiny or sanction, which could harm our reputation and stock price.

 

If we are unable to achieve certain agreed milestones for the government grant we received, we may become liable to refund the grant we received.

 

The Company has only completed 4 of the 8 agreed milestones set forth in the Company’s grant agreement with the Australian Government. As of June 30, 2023, there is uncertainty regarding the potential extension of the grant agreement past its original end date of March 28, 2024. If we are not given an extension beyond the original end date, or if we are unable to achieve the agreed milestones on time, we may become liable to refund the grant we received.

 

We may have difficulties integrating acquired businesses and as result, our business, results of operations and/or financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

 

The Company believes that the acquisition of IFP will result in several benefits, including synergy in operations, drive product innovations, and operational efficiencies. However, to realize these anticipated benefits, the businesses of INBS and IFP must be successfully integrated. The success of the acquisition of IFP will depend on, among other things, the combined Company’s ability to realize these anticipated benefits from combining the businesses of INBS and IFP. The combined company may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition for a variety of reasons, including the following:

 

	●	inability to efficiently operate new businesses or to integrate acquired products.
	●	failure to successfully manage relationships with customers, distributors, and suppliers.
	●	failure of customers to accept new products or to continue as customers of the combined company.
	●	potential incompatibility of technologies and systems.
	●	failure to leverage the increased scale of the combined company quickly and effectively.
	●	potential difficulties integrating and harmonizing financial reporting systems.
	●	difficulties in retaining key employees of the acquired business.
	●	failure of the acquired business to produce the expected value.
	●	failure to effectively coordinate sales and marketing efforts to communicate the capabilities of the combined company.

 

 

Risks Related to This Offering

 

The common stock and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock (which is convertible into common stock) sold in this offering will more than double the number of our shares of common stock in the public market from approximately 2,330,399 shares to 5,315,473 shares (or 5,763,234 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option in full). If all the Warrants sold in this offering are exercised, the number of our shares of common stock in the public markets will increase by an additional 5,970,148 shares (or an additional 6,865,670 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional Warrants in full), which will result in a total of 11,285,621 shares of common stock in the public market (or 12,628,904 shares of common stock in the public market if the underwriters exercise their option in full). In addition, we have agreed to issue warrants to the representative (the Representative Warrants) to purchase up to 149,254 shares of common stock (or 171,642 shares of common stock if the underwriters exercise of the over-allotment option in full) as a portion of the compensation payable to the representative in connection with this offering. The sales of these securities could depress the market price of our shares of common stock and/or increase the volatility of our trading.

 

A substantial number of shares of common stock, Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants are being offered by this prospectus. Sales of a substantial number of our shares of common stock (and other securities convertible into, or exercisable for, common stock) in the public markets pursuant to the terms of this offering could depress the market price of our shares of common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. In addition to causing the market price of our common stock to decline, such sales could also greatly increase the volatility associated with the trading of our common stock. Furthermore, stockholders may initiate securities class action lawsuits if the market price of our common stock drops significantly, which may cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management. We cannot predict the number of these shares or Warrants that might be sold nor the effect that future sales of our shares of our securities would have on the market price of our shares of common stock.

 

Because our management will have broad discretion and flexibility in how the net proceeds from this offering are used, our management may use the net proceeds in ways with which you disagree or which may not prove effective.

 

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering as discussed under “Use of Proceeds” in this prospectus. We have not allocated specific amounts of the net proceeds from this offering for any specific purposes. Accordingly, our management will have significant discretion and flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering. You will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the net proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. The failure of our management to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow.

 

The liquidity and trading volume of our common stock could be low, and our ownership will be concentrated.

 

The liquidity and trading volume of our common stock has at times been low in the past and could again be low in the future. If the liquidity and trading volume of our common stock is low, this could adversely impact the trading price of our shares, our ability to issue stock and our stockholders’ ability to obtain liquidity in their shares.

 

We will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series F Warrants.

 

The Series F Warrants (but not the Series E Warrants) may be exercised by way of an alternative cashless exercise, meaning that the holder may not pay a cash purchase price upon exercise, but instead would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of our common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the applicable Series F Warrants. Accordingly, we will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series F Warrants.

 

The Warrants are not exercisable until stockholder approval and may not have any value.

 

Under Nasdaq listing rules, the Warrants are not exercisable without stockholder approval for the issuance of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. While we intend to promptly seek stockholder approval for issuances of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, there is no guarantee that the Warrant Stockholder Approval will ever be obtained. The Warrants will be exercisable commencing on the date Warrant Stockholder Approval is obtained, if at all, at an initial exercise price per share of $        . In the event that the price of a share of our common stock does not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants during the period when the Warrants are exercisable, the Warrants may not have any value. If we are unable to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval, the Warrants will have no value. The Series F Warrants will expire one-and-a-half-years from the date of issuance and the Series E Warrants will expire five-and-a-half-years from the date of issuance.

 

In addition, we will incur substantial cost, and management will devote substantial time and attention, in attempting to obtain the Warrant Stockholder Approval of the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the Warrants issued in this offering.

 

There is no public market for the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or Warrants being offered in this offering.

 

The public offering price for the securities will be determined by negotiations between us, the underwriters and prospective investors, and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. We do not intend to apply to list the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any nationally recognized trading system, and accordingly, there will be no trading market for the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock or the Warrants. In the absence of an active public trading market:

 

●	you may not be able to resell your securities at or above the public offering price;
●	the market price of our common stock may experience more price volatility; and
●	there may be less efficiency in carrying out your purchase and sale orders.

 

The market price of our common stock may be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

 

The trading price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. This volatility may prevent you from being able to sell your securities at or above the price you paid for your securities.

 

Our stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, which include:

 

●	whether we achieve our anticipated corporate objectives;
●	termination of the lock-up agreement or other restrictions on the ability of our stockholders and other security holders to sell shares after this offering; and
●	general economic or political conditions in the United States or elsewhere.

 

In addition, the stock market in general, and healthcare companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

 

 

You will incur immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.

After giving effect to the sale by us of 2,985,074 shares of common stock (or Series E Convertible Preferred Stock) and accompanying Warrants in this offering at an assumed combined public offering price of $1.34 per share of common stock (or $1.34 per share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock) and accompanying Warrants, after deducting underwriter fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, investors in this offering can expect an immediate dilution of $1.03 per share as of June 30, 2023. For a further description of the dilution that investors in this offering may experience, see “Dilution.”

 

In the past, we have issued shares of common stock and warrants in public offerings and private placements of our securities, and we have issued shares of common stock as compensation to our officers and directors. Our issuance of shares of common stock in the future, and the exercise of outstanding warrants or warrants that we may issue in the future, may result in additional dilution to investors in this offering.

 

The terms of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants could impede our ability to enter into certain transactions or obtain additional financing.

 

The terms of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants require us, upon the consummation of any “fundamental transaction” (as defined in the securities), to, among other obligations, cause any successor entity resulting from the fundamental transaction to assume all of our obligations under the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants and the associated transaction documents. In addition, holders of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and Warrants are entitled to participate in any fundamental transaction on an as-converted or as-exercised basis, which could result in the holders of our common stock receiving a lesser portion of the consideration from a fundamental transaction. The terms of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock and the Warrants could also impede our ability to enter into certain transactions or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

Holders of Warrants purchased in this offering will have no rights as stockholders until such holders exercise their Warrants and acquire our shares of common stock, except as set forth in the Warrants.

 

Except as set forth in the Warrants, until holders of Warrants acquire our shares of common stock upon exercise of the Warrants, holders of the Warrants have no rights with respect to our shares of common stock underlying such Warrants, the holders will be entitled to exercise the rights of a stockholder of shares of common stock only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.

 

The Warrants are speculative in nature.

The Warrants are not exercisable without Warrant Stockholder Approval and there is no guarantee that the Warrant Stockholder Approval will ever be obtained. The Warrants offered hereby do not confer any rights of share of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of common stock at a fixed price. Specifically, commencing on the initial exercise date, holders of the Warrants may acquire the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such Warrants at an exercise price of $          per share of common stock. Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of the Warrants will equal or exceed their respective public offering prices. There can be no assurance that the market price of the shares of common stock will ever equal or exceed the exercise price of the Warrants, and consequently, whether it will ever be profitable for holders of Warrants to exercise the Warrants.

 

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus and the other documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management or other financial items are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

 

We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the cautionary statements included in this prospectus, particularly as set forth and incorporated by reference in the “Risk Factors” section above, that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, collaborations or investments we may make.

 

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

 

●	our ability to continue as a going concern;
●	our ability to successfully integrate acquisitions;
●	our ability to successfully develop and commercialize its diagnostic tests;
●	our ability to realize commercial benefit from our partnerships and collaborations;
●	our ability to secure regulatory approvals;
●	compliance with obligations under intellectual property licenses with third parties;
●	market acceptance of our new offerings;
●	our ability to establish or maintain collaborations, licensing or other arrangements;
●	our ability and third parties’ abilities to protect intellectual property rights;
●	our ability to adequately support future growth; and
●	our ability to attract and retain key personnel to manage our business effectively.

 

You should read this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus and the documents that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, except as otherwise required by law. We advise you, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K we file with or furnish to the SEC.

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Assuming we sell all units offered pursuant to this prospectus, we estimate the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $3.20 million (or approximately $3.75 million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), based on an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per unit (the last reported sale price of our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us as described in “Underwriting” and excluding the proceeds, if any, from the cash exercise of the Warrants sold in this offering.

 

We will only receive additional proceeds from the exercise of the Warrants if the Warrants are exercised and the holders of such Warrants pay the exercise price in cash upon such exercise and do not utilize the cashless exercise provision of the Warrants. The Series F Warrants (but not the Series E Warrants) may be exercised by way of an alternative cashless exercise, meaning that the holder may not pay a cash purchase price upon exercise, but instead would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of our common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the applicable Series F Warrants. Accordingly, we will likely not receive any additional funds upon the exercise of the Series F Warrants.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.

 

Based on our planned use of the net proceeds from this offering and our existing cash, we estimate that such funds will be sufficient to enable us to fund our working capital needs and operating expenses for at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our existing cash and cash equivalents as of the date of this prospectus, together with the estimated net proceeds from this offering, may or may not be sufficient to fund our working capital needs and operating expenses. To obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we expect to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financing and/or other capital sources.

 

The expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents management’s estimates based upon current business and economic conditions. The amounts and timing of our actual use of net proceeds will vary depending on numerous factors. As a result, management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. Although we do not contemplate changes in the proposed use of proceeds, to the extent we find that adjustment is required for other uses by reason of existing business conditions, the use of proceeds may be adjusted. We reserve the right to use the net proceeds we receive in the offering in any manner we consider to be appropriate, which could differ materially from those outlined above as a result of several factors including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of June 30, 2023:

 

	●	on an actual basis; and
	●	on an as adjusted basis, giving effect to (i) the sale by us of 2,985,074 Class A Units (each Class A Unit consisting of one share of common stock, one Series E Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and one Series F Warrant to purchase one share of common stock) in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit, which is the last reported sale price of our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, and assuming no sale of Class B Units (each Class B Unit consisting of one share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, one Series E Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and one Series F Warrant to purchase one share of common stock) in this offering and no exercise of any Warrants included in the units. The pro forma information set forth in the table below is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

 

				Actual				As Adjusted1,3
Cash and cash equivalents				$	1,537,244			$	4,738,388
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
	●	4,012,276 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock designated and 0 issued and outstanding(2),			-				-
	●	shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock authorized; none and none shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock issued, as adjusted		$	-				-
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 2,330,399 issued and outstanding, actual; 5,315,473 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted					23,304				53,155
Treasury stock, at cost, 1,386 shares as of June 30, 2023					(14	)			(14	)
Additional paid-in capital					46,158,763				49,330,056
Accumulated deficit					(41,807,573	)			(41,807,573	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss					(575,496	)			(575,496	)
Total consolidated Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. equity					3,798,984				7,000,128
Non-controlling interest					(11,986	)			(11,986	)
Total stockholders’ equity					3,686,998				6,888,142
Total capitalization				$	3,686,998			$	6,888,142

 

* Effective as of May 10, 2023, all issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock (3,512,277 shares) were converted into 526,818 shares of common stock. Following the conversion preferred stock on May 10, 2023, there remained 500,000 Series C Preferred Stock (Closing Holdback Shares) held back from issuance to the IFP Sellers for one year after the IFP Closing in order to secure potential indemnification claims by the Company against the IFP Sellers. These Closing Holdback Shares, which are not deemed outstanding, are currently convertible into approximately 75,000 shares of common stock (subject to rounding for fractional shares).

 

(1) A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit and Class B Unit, which is the last reported sale price of our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023, would increase or decrease, as appropriate, our as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total assets, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $2.57 million, assuming the number of units offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

(2) 500,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the Closing Holdback Shares) are held back from being issued in order to secure potential indemnification claims by the Company.

 

 

(3) All proceeds from the sale of Class A Units have been reflected within Stockholders’ equity for purposes of this table. The Company will be required to complete an assessment of the accounting and valuation for such instruments, which may result in a portion of the proceeds being classified outside of Stockholder’s equity and remeasured to fair value each reporting period (if liability-classified instruments). Such assessment will be completed in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for the period in which the sales occur.

 

An increase or decrease of 10,000 in the number of units offered by us, based on the assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit, would increase or decrease our as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total assets, total stockholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately $0.02 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price, the actual number of units we offer in this offering, and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

The table above excludes the following shares:

 

	●	426,521 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted-average exercise price of $205.03 per share+;
	●	75,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock reserved for issuance by the Company in connection with securing potential indemnification claims by the Company+;
	●	up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Plan.

 

⁺Approximate amounts. Actual amounts may differ due to rounding.

 

On February 9, 2023, we effected the Reverse Stock Split. As a result of the foregoing, every twenty (20) shares of our common stock outstanding were automatically changed and reclassified into one (1) new share of common stock. Holders of common stock who would have otherwise received a fractional share of common stock pursuant to the Reverse Stock Split instead received one whole share. Unless indicated otherwise, the numbers set forth in this prospectus have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.

 

Except as otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus reflects and assumes (i) no sale of Class B Units, which, if sold, for each share of common stock underlying a share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, the number of shares of common stock that we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis, (ii) no exercise of outstanding options issued under our equity incentive plans, (iii) no issuance or conversion of the Closing Holdback Shares, (iv) no exercise of any Warrants issued in this offering or other outstanding warrants, and (iv) no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of common stock and/or Warrants to purchase additional shares of common stock.

 

DILUTION

 

If you invest in our securities, your ownership interest may be diluted to the extent of the difference between the amount per unit paid by purchasers, assuming that only Class A Units are issued in this public offering, and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the closing of this offering. Such calculation does not reflect any potential dilution associated with the sale and exercise of Warrants, which would cause the actual dilution to you to be higher.

 

Our net tangible book value is the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities. Net tangible book value per share is our net tangible book value divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023. Our net tangible book value deficit as of June 30, 2023, was $(1.57) million, or $(0.67) per share, based on 2,330,399 shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023.

 

 

After giving effect to the sale of 2,985,074 Class A Units, with each Class A Unit consisting of one share of common stock together with one Series E Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and one Series F Warrant to purchase one share of common stock, at an assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2023, would have been approximately $1.63 million, or $0.31 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.98 per share to existing stockholders and immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $1.03 per share to purchasers of our common stock in this offering at the public offering price. The final public offering price will be determined through negotiation between us and the underwriters in the offering and may be at a discount to the current market price. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final public offering price. The following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis:

 

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

 

Assumed public offering price per unit		$	1.34
Net tangible book deficit value per share at June 30, 2023		$	(0.67	)
Increase in net tangible book value per share to the existing stockholders attributable to this offering		$	0.98
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering		$	0.31
Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors		$	1.03

 

The foregoing table is based on 2,330,399 shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2023, and assumes (i) the sale of 2,985,074 Class A Units based on an assumed public offering price of $1.34, the last reported sales price of our shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on September 19, 2023; (ii) no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option; (iii) no exercise of the Warrants included in this offering; (iv) no sale of Class B Units and no conversion of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock included in the Class B Units; and excludes the following other securities:

 

	●	426,521 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants with a weighted-average exercise price of $205.03 per share+;
	●	75,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock reserved for issuance by the Company in connection with securing potential indemnification claims by the Company+;
	●	up to an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”)

 

+Approximate amounts. Actual amounts may differ due to rounding. Effective as of May 10, 2023, all issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock (3,512,277 shares) were converted into 526,818 shares of common stock. Following the conversion preferred stock on May 10, 2023, there remained 500,000 Series C Preferred Stock (Closing Holdback Shares) held back from issuance to the IFP Sellers for one year after the IFP Closing in order to secure potential indemnification claims by the Company against the IFP Sellers. These Closing Holdback Shares, which are not deemed outstanding, are currently convertible into approximately 75,000 shares of common stock (subject to rounding for fractional shares).

 

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $1.34 per Class A Unit, would increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible book value per share to existing investors by $1.50, and would increase (decrease) dilution per share to new investors in this offering by $(1.52), assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

If any shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants, or upon the conversion of preferred stock, you may experience further dilution or accretion. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

Since our inception, we have not paid any dividends on our common stock, and we currently expect that, for the foreseeable future, all earnings (if any) will be retained for the development of our business and no dividends will be declared or paid. In the future, our Board of Directors may decide, at their discretion, whether dividends may be declared and paid, taking into consideration, among other things, our earnings (if any), operating results, financial condition and capital requirements, general business conditions and other pertinent facts, including restrictions imposed by foreign jurisdictions on paying dividends or making other payments to us.

 

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and plan of operations together with “Selected Financial Data” and our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included All amounts in this prospectus are in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.

 

Overview of Operations

 

Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (formerly known as GBS Inc.), and its wholly owned Delaware subsidiary, GBS Operations Inc. were each formed on December 5, 2016, under the laws of the state of Delaware. Our Australian subsidiary Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd (formerly known as Glucose Biosensor Systems (Greater China) Pty Ltd) was formed on August 4, 2016, under the laws of New South Wales, Australia and was renamed to Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd on January 6, 2023. On October 4, 2022, INBS acquired Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (“IFP”), a company registered in England and Wales (the “IFP Acquisition”). Our headquarters are in New York, New York.

 

We are a medical technology company focused on developing and delivering non-invasive, rapid and pain free innovative testing and screening solutions. We operate globally with the objective of providing intelligent, pain-free, and accessible solutions that improve the quality of life.

Our current product portfolio includes:

 

●

Intelligent Fingerprinting Platform - Our proprietary portable platform analyzes fingerprint sweat using a one-time (recyclable) cartridge and portable handheld reader. Our flagship product from this platform, which is commercially available in certain countries outside of the United States, is the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System (the IFP System or IFP Products), a two-part system that consists of non-invasive, sweat-based fingerprint diagnostic testing products designed to detect drugs of abuse including opioids, cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, methadone, and buprenorphine. The system comprises a small, tamper-evident drug screening cartridge onto which ten fingerprint sweat samples are collected in under a minute, before the portable analysis unit provides an on-screen result in under ten minutes. Samples collected with our confirmatory kits can also be sent to a third-party laboratory service provider to perform confirmation testing. Customers include safety-critical industries such as construction, transportation and logistics firms, manufacturing, engineering, drug treatment organizations in the rehabilitation sector, and judicial organizations.

 

 

●

The Biosensor Platform – Our “Biosensor Platform” consists of a small, printable modified organic thin-film transistor strip that we license across the Asia Pacific Region from Life Science Biosensor Diagnostics Pty Ltd (LSBD or Licensor). The Biosensor Platform, which is designed to detect multiple biological analytes by substituting the Glucose Oxidase (GOX) enzyme with a suitable alternative for each analyte, is currently in the development stage. Our flagship product candidate based on the Biosensor Platform technology is the Saliva Glucose Biosensor (SGB, and together with a software app that interfaces the SGB with the Company’s digital information system, the Saliva Glucose Test or SGT), a Point of Care Test (POCT) expected to complement the finger pricking invasive blood glucose monitoring test for diabetic patients. Our products based on the SGT are referred to herein as the “SGT products.”

 

These platform technologies have the potential to develop a range of POCT including the modalities of clinical chemistry, immunology, tumor markers, allergens, and endocrinology.

 

Results of Operations

 

Comparison of the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

 

The following table provides certain selected financial information for the periods presented.

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2023				2022
Revenue		$	1,256,872			$	-
Cost of revenue (exclusive of amortization shown separately below)			(930,204	)			-
Gross profit			326,668				-
Other income:
Government support income			737,628				437,146
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses			(8,026,703	)			(4,920,103	)
Development and regulatory approval expenses			(507,424	)			(3,853,919	)
Depreciation and amortization			(966,732	)			-
Goodwill impairment			(4,158,670	)			-
Total operating expenses			(13,659,529	)			(8,774,022	)
Loss from operations			(12,595,233	)			(8,336,876	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense			(223,534	)			(7,539	)
Realized foreign exchange loss			(9,829	)			(3,987	)
Fair value gain on revaluation of financial instruments			2,154,365				-
Interest income			9,676				14,426
Total other income			1,930,678				2,900
Net loss			(10,664,555	)			(8,333,976	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(32,835	)			(27,925	)
Net loss attributable to Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.		$	(10,631,720	)		$	(8,306,051	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation income (loss)		$	212,639			$	(126,875	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)			212,639				(126,875	)
Comprehensive loss			(10,451,916	)			(8,460,851	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(32,835	)			(27,925	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.		$	(10,419,081	)		$	(8,432,926	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted*		$	(10.58	)		$	(11.33	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted*			1,004,593				733,263

 

* Common Shares and per share amount have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the decreased number of shares resulting from a 1 for 20 reverse stock split, throughout this prospectus, unless otherwise stated.

 

 

Revenue

 

Sales of goods

 

Revenue from sales of goods increased by $1,256,872 to $1,256,872 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the acquisition of IFP in October 2022, whose results of operations are consolidated and launch of fingerprint drug testing in APAC region via Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd. The acquisition provided the Company with access to commercially available Fingerprinting drug testing system which is currently being marketed in Europe and Asia Pacific Region.

 

Revenue from the IFPG segment relates to the sale of readers, cartridges and accessories and is summarized as follows:

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2023				2022
Sales of goods - cartridges		$	724,304			$	—
Sales of goods - readers			335,863				—
Other sales			196,705				—
Total revenue		$	1,256,872			$	—

 

Cost of revenue

 

Cost of revenue increased by $930,204 to $930,204 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. Cost of revenue relates to the direct labor, direct material costs and direct overhead costs incurred in the production of the goods.

 

Gross profit

 

Gross profit increased by $326,668 to $326,668 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the acquisition of IFP in October 2022.

 

The gross profit is primarily attributable to the IFPG segment.

 

Government support income

 

Government support income increased by $300,482 to $737,628 from $437,146 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This increase was primarily attributable to qualifying research and development expenditures incurred during the current period including the completion of Milestone 7, a phase of its biosensor platform development at the University of Newcastle, Australia.

 

The grant support income is primarily attributable to INBS’s subsidiary companies recognizing an R&D tax refund as the Company believes that it is probable that the certain amount will be recovered in full through a future claim.

 

Operating expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $3,106,600 to $8,026,703 from $4,920,103 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This is largely due to the acquisition of IFP which added approximately 32 staff to our full time employee headcount, and the results of operations of IFP which are consolidated in the current period from the date of acquisition.

 

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its selling, general and administrative costs will include additional costs in overhead contribution, consultancy, as well as an increase in employee-related costs associated with a higher headcount.

 

Development and regulatory expenses

 

Development and regulatory expenses decreased by $3,346,495 to $507,424 from $3,853,919 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease is primarily driven by expensing of the prepaid R&D contribution of $2,600,000 during the same period in 2022 and decrease in the R&D activities related to COVID-19, as the demand for Covid testing products decreased significantly and we redirected our resources and efforts away from developing products related to Covid testing.

 

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its development and regulatory expenses to increase in future periods.

 

Depreciation and amortization 

 

Depreciation and amortization increased by $966,732 to $966,732 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the acquisition of IFP and primarily related to the amortization of acquired Intangibles during the current period.

 

 

Goodwill Impairment

 

The goodwill impairment expenses increased by $4,158,670 to $4,158,670 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. Refer to Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Other income and expenses

 

Interest expense

 

Interest expense increased by $215,995 to $223,534 from $7,539 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This increase was attributable to the interest expense recorded for convertible notes after the acquisition of IFP.

 

Realized foreign exchange loss

 

Realized foreign exchange loss increased by $5,842 to $9,829 from $3,987 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase in loss was largely attributable to the Company’s settled translations in currencies other than its functional currencies.

 

Fair value gain on revaluation of financial instruments

 

The fair value gain increased by $2,154,365 to $2,154,365 from $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is due to the revaluation gains on the convertible notes and contingent consideration for holdback shares resulting from the acquisition of IFP.

 

Interest income

 

Interest income decreased by $4,750 to $9,676 from $14,426 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was attributable to the lower bank balance during the current period due to the amount spent on operating and development activities.

 

For additional information regarding the conversion of the convertible notes, see “Prospectus Summary – Conversion of Convertible Debt and Preferred Stock.”

 

Income tax (expense) benefit

 

There was no income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, as the Company has established a full valuation allowance for all its deferred tax assets.

 

Other comprehensive income

 

Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)

 

Unrealized foreign currency translation gain increased by $339,514 to a gain of $212,639 from a loss of $126,875 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. It is calculated based on the Company’s unsettled transactions in currencies other than its functional currency and translation of assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in reporting currency.

 

Net loss

 

Net loss attributable to INBS increased by $2,325,669 to $10,631,720 from $8,306,051 for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily driven by impairment of goodwill $4,158,670 offset by a recognition of fair value gain on revaluation of convertible notes and holdback Series C Preferred Stock during the current period of $2,154,365.

 

 

Comparison of the Years Ended June 30, 2022, and 2021

 

The following table provides certain selected financial information for the periods presented.

 

		Year Ended June 30,
		2022				2021
Revenue:
Other income:
Government support income		$	437,146			$	1,980,484
Total revenue and other income			437,146				1,980,484
Operating expenses:
General and administrative expenses			4,920,103				3,359,065
Development and regulatory approval expenses			3,853,919				3,835,703
Prospectus and capital raising expenses			-				359,198
Total operating expenses			8,774,022				7,553,966
Loss from operations			(8,336,876	)			(5,573,482	)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense			(7,539	)			(1,093,608	)
Loss from unconsolidated equity method investment			-				(135,692	)
Realized foreign exchange loss			(3,987	)			(271,225	)
Interest income			14,426				13,806
Total other income (expense)			2,900				(1,486,719	)
Net loss			(8,333,976	)			(7,060,201	)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(27,925	)			(22,915	)
Net loss attributable to GBS Inc.		$	(8,306,051	)		$	(7,037,286	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation loss		$	(126,875	)		$	(297,309	)
Total other comprehensive loss			(126,875	)			(297,309	)
Comprehensive loss			(8,460,851	)			(7,357,510	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(27,925	)			(22,915	)
Comprehensive loss attributable to GBS Inc.		$	(8,432,926	)		$	(7,334,595	)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.57	)		$	(0.68	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted			14,665,263				10,414,886

 

Revenue

 

Government support income

 

Government support income decreased by $1,543,338 to $437,146 from $1,980,484 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to same period in 2021. This decrease was primarily attributable to GBS’s subsidiary companies receiving COVID-19 related government support in the previous financial year which was discontinued in April 2021 and qualifying research & development expenditure for research & development government subsidies.

 

The grant support income is primarily attributable to GBS’s subsidiary companies recognizing R&D tax refund as the Company believes that it is probable that the certain amount will be recovered in full through a future claim.

 

Operating expenses

 

General and administrative expenses

 

General and administrative expenses increased by $1,561,038 to $4,920,103 from $3,359,065 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in operational activities following completion of the IPO in December 2020.

 

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its general and administrative costs will include additional costs in overhead contribution, consultancy, as well as an increase in employee related costs associated with a higher headcount.

 

Development and regulatory expenses

 

Development and regulatory expenses increased by $18,216 to $3,853,919 from $3,835,703 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily driven by funding availability since completion of the IPO in December 2020 that has allowed the Company to progress on its milestones as well as expensing of the prepaid R&D contribution of $2,600,000.

 

 

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its development and regulatory expenses to increase in future periods.

 

Prospectus and capital raising expenses

 

Prospectus and capital raising expenses decreased by $359,198 to zero from $359,198 for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. There were no capital raising activities in 2022.

 

Other income and expenses

 

Interest expense

 

Interest expense decreased by $1,086,069 to $7,539 from $1,093,608 for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. This decrease was attributable to the non-cash recognition of a beneficial conversion feature associated with convertible notes in the last period and no interest paid to convertible notes since the completion of the IPO last year due to their conversion into common stock.

 

Loss from unconsolidated equity method investment

 

Loss from equity method investment decreased by $135,692 to zero from $135,692 for the year ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. This decrease was mainly due to the reduction in the carrying amount of its investment in BiosensX (North America) Inc to zero last fiscal year.

 

Realized foreign exchange loss

 

Realized foreign exchange loss decreased by $267,238 to $3,987 from $271,225 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This decrease in loss was largely attributable to the Company’s settled translations in currencies other than its functional currencies.

 

Income tax (expense) benefit

 

There was no income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as the Company has established a full valuation allowance for all its deferred tax assets.

 

Other comprehensive income

 

Foreign currency translation gain/(loss)

 

Unrealized foreign currency translation loss decreased by $170,434 to a loss of $126,875 from a loss of $297,309 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. It is calculated based on the Company’s unsettled transactions in currencies other than its functional currency.

 

Net loss

 

Net loss attributable to GBS increased by $1,268,765 to $8,306,051 from $7,037,286 for the year ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021. This increase in loss is primarily due to more government support income last fiscal year as a result of qualifying research & development expenditure in that period and increase in general and administration expenses due to expansion in operational activities in order to progress on its regulatory and development milestones.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We use working capital and cash measures to evaluate the performance of our operations and our ability to meet our financial obligations. We define Working Capital as current assets less current liabilities. This measure should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any standardized measure under GAAP. This information is intended to provide investors with information about our liquidity. Other companies in our industry may calculate this measure differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

 

Since our inception, our operations have primarily been financed through the issuance of our common stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and the incurrence of debt. As of June 30, 2023, we had $1,537,244 in cash and cash equivalents and a working capital deficit of $2,021,124.

 

 

The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2023, will be insufficient to allow the Company to fund its current operating plan through at least the next twelve months from the filing of this registration statement. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of filing of this registration statement. The Company is currently evaluating raising additional funds through private placements and or public equity financing. However, there can be no assurance that, in the event that the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available on terms which are favorable to us, or at all. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of $2,775,041 (before deducting the placement agent’s fees and the Company’s transaction expenses) in connection with the closing of the March 2023 Offering on March 10, 2023, and the December 2022 Private Placement on December 22, 2022. In the event we require additional capital, there can be no assurances that we will be able to raise such capital on acceptable terms, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional capital through debt or equity financings, or through collaboration agreements, strategic alliances or marketing and distribution arrangements, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our long-term liquidity needs and achieve our intended long-term business plan. Our failure to obtain such funding when needed could create a negative impact on our stock price or could potentially lead to a reduction in our operations or the failure of our company. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

In the event we require additional capital, there can be no assurances that we will be able to raise such capital on acceptable terms, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional capital through debt or equity financings, or through collaboration agreements, strategic alliances or marketing and distribution arrangements, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our long-term liquidity needs and achieve our intended long-term business plan. Our failure to obtain such funding when needed could create a negative impact on our stock price or could potentially lead to a reduction in our operations or the failure of our company. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

 

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, we believe that the following accounting policies are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.

 

We believe our most critical accounting policies and estimates relate to the following:

 

Revenue recognition

 

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, the Company satisfies its performance obligations by delivering the promised goods or service deliverables to the customers. A good or service deliverable is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service deliverable.

 

Grant income

 

Accounting for the grant income does not fall under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as the Australian Government will not benefit directly from our manufacturing facility. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for grants to for-profit business entities, we applied International Accounting Standards 20 (“IAS 20”), Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance by analogy when accounting for the Australian Government grant to the Company.

 

The Australian Government grant proceeds, which will be used to reimburse construction costs incurred, meet the definition of grants related to assets as the primary purpose for the payments is to fund the construction of a capital asset. Under IAS 20, government grants related to assets are presented in the statement of financial position either by setting up the grant as deferred income that is recognized in the statement of operation on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset or by deducting the grant in arriving at the carrying amount of the asset. Either of these two methods of presentation of grants related to assets in financial statements are regarded as acceptable alternatives under IAS 20. The Company has elected to record the grants received initially as deferred income and deducting the grant proceeds received from the gross costs of the assets or construction in progress (“CIP”) and the deferred grant income liability.

 

Under IAS 20, government grants are initially recognized when there is reasonable assurance the conditions of the grant will be met, and the grant will be received. As of June 30, 2021, management concluded that there was reasonable assurance the grant conditions will be met, and all milestone payment received. The total grant value of $4.7 million was recognized as both a grant receivable and deferred grant income on the grant effective date. The Company received payments of $1.4 million and $2.1 million during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

 

The project has been delayed due to global shortages of semiconductors that are used in manufacturing equipment and global supply chain disruption due to Covid-19 pandemic in the preceding year. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has only completed 4 of the 8 milestones in the grant agreement. There is uncertainty regarding the potential extension of the grant agreement past its original end of March 28, 2024. Therefore, management concluded that there was no reasonable assurance that the remaining grant receivable would be received.

 

After initial recognition, under IAS 20, government grants are recognized in earnings on a systematic basis in a manner that mirrors the manner in which the Company recognizes the underlying costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. Further, IAS 20 permits recognition in earnings either separately under a general heading such as other income, or as a reduction of the cost of the asset. The Company has elected to recognize government grant income separately within other income for operating expenditures. Similarly, for capital expenditures, the carrying amount of assets purchased or constructed out of the grant funds are presented net by deducting the grant proceeds received from the gross costs of the assets or CIP and deferred grant income liability. A total of $127,944 and $51,258 deferred grant income was recognized within other income during the years ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, other costs that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution. General market conditions, as well as the Company’s research activities, can cause certain of its products to become obsolete. The Company writes down excess and obsolete inventories based upon a regular analysis of inventory on hand compared to historical and projected demand. The determination of projected demand requires the use of estimates and assumptions related to projected sales for each product. These write downs can influence results from operations.

 

 

Impairment of Long-lived Assets and Goodwill

 

Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, right-of-use assets and other intangible assets. We assess impairment of assets groups, including intangible assets at least annually or more frequently if there are any indicators for impairment.

 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. We perform an annual impairment test on goodwill in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or when events occur or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We may first assess qualitative factors, such as general economic conditions, market capitalization, the Company’s outlook, market performance and forecasted financial performance to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, an impairment test is not necessary. If an impairment test is necessary, we estimate the fair value of a related reporting unit. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the goodwill of that reporting unit is determined to be impaired, and we will record an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over the related fair value of the reporting unit. If we determine it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired, a quantitative test is not necessary.

 

During the year ended June 30, 2023, the Company’s market capitalization significantly declined and recurring cash burn of the reporting unit and continuous cash support from the parent entity led management to reassess whether an impairment had occurred considering these qualitative factors. Management’s evaluation indicated that the goodwill related to its IFPG reporting unit was potentially impaired. The Company then performed a quantitative impairment test by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing that amount to it’s carrying value. Significant assumptions inherent in the valuation methodologies include, but were not limited to prospective financial information, growth rates, terminal value and discount rate. The Company determined the fair value of the reporting unit utilizing the discounted cash flow model. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined to be less than its carrying value. The Company recognized an impairment charge of $4.2 million in the IFPG segment, which is related to the goodwill associated with the IFP Acquisition.

 

Business Combinations

 

The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting and allocates the purchase price to the identifiable assets and liabilities of the relevant acquired business at their acquisition date fair values. Any excess consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price in a business combination requires the Company to perform valuations with significant judgment and estimates, including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue, costs and cash flows, discount rates and selection of comparable companies. The Company engages the assistance of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with determining fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

R&D Tax Refund

 

The Company measures the research and development grant income and receivable by taking into account the time spent by employees on eligible research and development activities and research and development costs incurred to external service providers. The research and development tax refund receivable is recognized as the Company believes that it probable that the amount will be recovered in full through a future claim.

 

Intellectual property acquired for a particular research and development project and that have no alternative future uses (in other research and development projects or otherwise) are expensed in research and development costs at the time the costs are incurred.

 

In certain circumstances, the Company may be required to make advance payments to vendors for goods or services that will be received in the future for use in R&D activities. In such circumstances, the non-refundable advance payments are deferred and capitalized, even when there is no alternative future use for the R&D, until the related goods or services are provided. In circumstances where amounts have been paid in excess of costs incurred, the Company records a prepaid expense.

 

Extended Transition Period for “Emerging Growth Companies”

 

We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Because our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance, or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock.

 

 

BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (formerly known as GBS Inc.), and its wholly owned Delaware subsidiary, GBS Operations Inc. were each formed on December 5, 2016, under the laws of the state of Delaware. Our Australian subsidiary Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd (formerly known as Glucose Biosensor Systems (Greater China) Pty Ltd) was formed on August 4, 2016, under the laws of New South Wales, Australia and was renamed to Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd on January 6, 2023. On October 4, 2022, INBS acquired Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (“IFP”), a company registered in England and Wales (the “IFP Acquisition”). INBS and its subsidiaries were formed to provide non-invasive, pain-free, innovative testing and screening devices. Our headquarters are in New York, New York.

 

We are a medical technology company developing and delivering rapid non-invasive testing solutions. We operate globally with the objective of providing intelligent, pain-free, and accessible solutions that improve the quality of life.

 

Our current product portfolio includes:

 

●

Intelligent Fingerprinting Platform - Our proprietary portable platform analyzes fingerprint sweat using a one-time (recyclable) cartridge and portable handheld reader. Our flagship product from this platform, which is commercially available in certain countries outside of the United States, is the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System (the IFP System or IFP Products), a two-part system that consists of non-invasive, sweat-based fingerprint diagnostic testing products designed to detect drugs of abuse including opioids, cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, methadone, and buprenorphine. The system comprises a small, tamper-evident drug screening cartridge onto which ten fingerprint sweat samples are collected in under a minute, before the portable analysis unit provides an on-screen result in under ten minutes. Samples collected with our confirmatory kits can also be sent to a third-party laboratory service provider to perform confirmation testing. Customers include safety-critical industries such as construction, transportation and logistics firms, manufacturing, engineering, drug treatment organizations in the rehabilitation sector, and judicial organizations.

●

The Biosensor Platform – Our “Biosensor Platform” consists of a small, printable modified organic thin-film transistor strip that we license across the Asia Pacific Region from Life Science Biosensor Diagnostics Pty Ltd (LSBD or Licensor). The Biosensor Platform, which is designed to detect multiple biological analytes by substituting the Glucose Oxidase (GOX) enzyme with a suitable alternative for each analyte, is currently in the development stage. Our flagship product candidate based on the Biosensor Platform technology is the Saliva Glucose Biosensor (SGB, and together with a software app that interfaces the SGB with the Company’s digital information system, the Saliva Glucose Test or SGT), a Point of Care Test (POCT) expected to complement the finger pricking invasive blood glucose monitoring test for diabetic patients. Our products based on the SGT are referred to herein as the “SGT products.”   These platform technologies have the potential to develop a range of POCT including the modalities of clinical chemistry, immunology, tumor markers, allergens, and endocrinology.

 

Our principal objectives include:

 

●

Expansion of the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System into new markets and within existing markets concentrating on:

 

	○	increasing market share across the United Kingdom and mainland Europe;
	○	commencing sales and distribution throughout Australia, New Zealand and other countries in the Asia Pacific region, including required infrastructure and regulatory requirements;
	○	commencing the 510(k) premarket notification process for expansion into United States markets that require FDA approval;
	○	initiating research aimed at broadening the capabilities of the Intelligent Fingerprinting System to test for additional drugs and indications, facilitating the expansion of the platform into point-of-care medical testing;
	○	expanding the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System into new customer segments, including major sporting organizations, law enforcement, and commercial airlines; and
	○	developing a strategic network of distributors with established customer bases throughout Asia Pacific, Europe and North America to distribute the IFP product.

 

●

To complete development and commercialize the SGB, the diagnostic test that stems from the Biosensor Platform that we license from LSBD, in the regions covered by the license. Subsequently, we plan to develop the platform further to test across the diagnostic modalities of immunology, hormones, chemistry, tumor markers and nucleic acid tests.

 

 

Our Products

 

Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System

 

Our wholly owned subsidiary, Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (IFP), is the developer and owner of our proprietary and commercially available portable drug screening system designed to detect common drugs of abuse through fingerprint sweat. The Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System consists of a small, tamper-evident drug screening cartridge that collects ten fingerprint sweat samples, which are then analyzed in a portable handheld reader for precise on-screen results in minutes. This system eliminates the need for invasive and unpleasant urine, saliva, or blood collection to test for substance abuse. The ten samples are collected in under a minute before the portable analysis unit provides an on-screen result in under ten minutes. The system is currently designed to detect opioids, cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, methadone, and buprenorphine. In addition, samples collected via confirmatory kits can be sent to a third-party laboratory service provider for confirmation testing.

 

Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System Functionality

 

The Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System consists of single-use, tamper-evident Intelligent Fingerprinting Cartridges (for sample collection) and the portable Intelligent Fingerprinting DSR-Plus portable analysis unit. The process of collecting and analyzing samples is as follows:

 

	1.	Ten fingerprint sweat samples (one from each finger) are collected onto the Drug Screening Cartridge sample application pad (five seconds per finger).
	2.	After sample collection, the tester slides the Cartridge’s tamper-evident protective cover across the pad, which locks into place to protect against tampering or contamination.
	3.	The Cartridge is then activated by depressing the buffer clip. This releases buffer solution into the Cartridge, which contains antibodies that have been configured to detect the presence of drugs (and/or their metabolites) within the collected fingerprint sweat sample. The fingerprints are dissolved during this process and destroyed.
	4.	The Cartridge is inserted into the DSR-Plus Reader.
	5.	The tester follows the simple touch-screen instructions, and analysis begins.
	6.	Within 10 minutes, the test results are displayed on the DSR-Plus touch-screen, providing a negative or non-negative indicator for each drug group in the screening panel.
	7.	The screening results can be printed using a separate portable label printer (available as an accessory) to provide a permanent record. Anonymized details of the sample donor are entered into the DSR-Plus as part of the analysis procedure, and this information, along with the time and date, is recorded on the results print-out, which is important where evidence continuity is required.

 

Results can also be downloaded to a computer for and be use for, among other things, and to the extent legally permissible, integration with employee medical records or for general statistical analysis.

 

History and Background of the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System

 

Founded in 2007, IFP is a spin-out company from the University of East Anglia (UEA) and is based in Cambridge, England. IFP developed and commercialized the patented Intelligent Fingerprinting DSR-Plus Reader and Cartridge system, which has been predominantly sold in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe and the Middle East. IFP continues to manufacture the cartridges for the Fingerprinting Drug Screening System in its factory in Cambridge, England.

 

Research and Development

 

Our research and development (R&D) team collaborates with external specialist organizations across jurisdictions to conduct comprehensive R&D initiatives. These collaborative efforts are currently driven by the following primary objectives:

 

1.

Enhancing the Reader: This involves integrating wireless connectivity, data collection capabilities, and important system architecture improvements such as miniaturization, extended battery life, and a refined touch-screen interface for a seamless user experience.

2.

Expanding testing capabilities: The focus is on enabling the current cartridges to detect highly relevant substances in today’s pharmaceutical landscape, such as fentanyl and oxycodone.

3.

Exploring new tests in the medical point of care domain: This initiative aims to explore potential new tests within the medical point of care domain, resulting in a broader range of diagnostic tools for healthcare providers.

 

 

To facilitate the expansion of point-of-care testing into additional areas of interest, such as tumor markers, hormones, and allergies, the core team will collaborate with external research specialists. This joint exploration aims to unlock the untapped potential applications of our existing lateral flow assay technology on which the Intelligent Fingerprinting Platform has been developed and the organic thin film transistor on which the Biosensor Platform has been developed. By expanding the capabilities of these platforms, we will be better equipped to address diverse diagnostic needs and contribute to improved patient outcomes.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

Our R&D, manufacturing facilities and operations for drug screening products adhere to stringent quality criteria, complying with ISO 13485 for In Vitro Diagnostic Devices and Medical Devices, as well as ISO 9001. We have quality and regulatory oversight of our sub-contracted reference laboratories, where our methodology is accredited by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), ensuring that the laboratory operates according to the ISO 17025 standard.

 

Australia: While we are already permitted to sell the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System as a drug screening device in Australia, we are in the process of obtaining accreditation from NATA (National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia).

 

We have partnered with Racing Analytical Services Limited (RASL), one of Australia’s largest independent drug testing laboratories, to provide confirmation tests for our drug screening solutions and assist in obtaining NATA accreditation.

 

United States of America: We are currently navigating our regulatory pathway in the United States as we seek approval to sell the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System in the United States. We have completed a 513(g) submission and received a response from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) that allows us to pursue the submission of a 510(k) premarket notification. Additionally, we must identify potential laboratory partners for further certifications and studies that may be necessary. We anticipate that obtaining FDA approval will benefit entry into other regions of the world.

 

Other Regions: Distributors in other countries and jurisdictions will be responsible for obtaining all necessary approvals within their respective territories.

 

Manufacturing

 

The facilities required to produce the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening Cartridge and DSR-Pus Reader are in place at our manufacturing facility in Cambridge, UK, which is used for fabrication and quality control. The facility operates a Quality Management System that complies with the requirements of ISO 13486 for the design, development, manufacture, distribution, servicing and supply of devices and readers designed to screen for drugs of abuse using fingerprint diagnostic technology; design, development, manufacture, distribution, servicing and supply of devices for collection of fingerprint samples used to detect drugs of abuse; and the design, development, manufacture, distribution, servicing and supply of in vitro diagnostic kits for the detection of viral infection antigens in human saliva and anterior nares samples. The facility further operates a quality management system that complies with the requirements of ISO 9001 for the design, development, manufacture, distribution, servicing and supply of devices and readers designed to screen for drugs of abuse using fingerprint diagnostic technology and the design, development, manufacture, distribution, servicing, and supply of devices for collection of fingerprint samples used to detect drugs of abuse.

 

Distribution and Sales

 

We currently serve over 350 small to medium-sized businesses, primarily located throughout the United Kingdom, with additional customers coming from various global locations. We intend to expand our customer base by strengthening our presence in existing markets and, subject to receiving necessary regulatory approvals and clearances, venture into new regions. We will tailor our strategy to the targeted region, establishing direct sales and marketing teams or utilizing distribution networks. In some cases, a combination of these strategies may be appropriate.

 

Distributors: Through the use of buy-sell agreements, distributors will purchase the IFP Products and resell them to customers. These distributors can be exclusive or non-exclusive, depending on our arrangements. We focus on distributors with existing customer networks in the drug screening segment and who have a proven track record in their respective territories. We also plan to utilize exclusive distributors will be the sole providers within certain defined territories and will need to satisfy certain minimum quarterly purchase requirements.

 

 

United Kingdom: Our direct sales team consists of four sales representatives, one sales leader and one National Sales Manager. The team utilizes telemarketing leads to schedule on-site demonstrations. The team manages customer relationships and oversees the sales cycle. Customers are assigned to sales representatives based on geographic territories.

 

Australia: Our direct sales team consists of four sales representatives and the vice president of sales. Their primary area of focus is the east coast of Australia, which comprises approximately 72% of the country’s population. The team utilizes their extensive network of existing contacts and relationships to introduce the IFP product through in-person demonstrations. We also intend to utilize distributor partnerships to supplement our direct team and cover regions such as Western Australia, South Australia and more remote areas.

 

United States: During our 510(k) premarket submission and subject to receiving appropriate approvals from the FDA, we plan to appoint a dedicated distribution leader to spearhead market entry strategies by identifying and selecting distributors and partners. Our focus will be identifying distributors and partners already operating within the U.S. drug screening market.

 

European Expansion: We will appoint a dedicated European representative to identify, negotiate, and sign distributor agreements and maximize sales in target territories.

 

Expanding into the Middle East and Africa (MEA): A representative from our European operations will initially manage M.E.A operations. Depending on market opportunities and sales volume, we may appoint a dedicated distribution leader for M.E.A. operations at a later stage.

 

Market Analysis and Opportunity

 

The Drug Screening Market

 

The drug screening market encompasses various sectors, including workplaces, drug testing labs, criminal justice, law enforcement, schools and colleges, pain management centers, the military, medical examiners, individual users, and sporting organizations.

 

Drug misuse is a global concern, and while the approach to this problem varies depending on the legal and regulatory landscape of each country, what remains constant is the need for regular testing, particularly in areas and industries of concern. Even in regions where certain drugs, such as cannabis, have been decriminalized (such as in various states across the United States, Canada, and Europe), social and workplace challenges persist relating to impairment, drug dependency and associated criminal activity, which in turn will increase the need for testing.

 

The market can be separated into four segments:

 

	●	Workplace: Drug testing to support companies with workplace policies to address drug misuse – and assess the potential impairment effects of drug misuse on employees with safety-critical roles.
	●	Drug Rehabilitation: Testing to support health service providers and charities involved in providing drug addiction treatment programs.
	●	Institutional Testing: Drug testing to support policies to address drug misuse in national institutions such as prisons, probation, and the military.
	●	Criminal Justice: Testing in support of the police and their agencies to investigate drug-related crimes and activities

 

There is an increasing demand to introduce more effective drug monitoring systems in the above segments. We intend to aggressively market IFP Products to different geographical regions outside the U.K., with a focus on the following industries and workplaces: airports, transportation & logistics, mining, construction, drug testing labs, criminal justice, law enforcement, education facilities, pain management centers, drug rehabilitation centers, military, medical examiners, individual users and sporting organizations.

 

The Recreational Drug Monitoring Industry

 

There are four principal categories of recreational drugs - analgesics, depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Analgesics include narcotics like heroin, morphine, fentanyl, and codeine. Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, and nicotine. Stimulants include cocaine, methamphetamine, and ecstasy (MDMA).

 

 

According to the World Drug Report 2022 published by the United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, around 284 million people aged 15-64 years old used drugs worldwide in 2020, a 26% increase over the previous decade. Cannabis remains the world’s most used drug, with 209 million past-year users in 2020, a 23% increase on the previous decade. Opioid use remains a major concern due to potentially severe health consequences, with 61 million past-year users for non-medical reasons in 2020. Additionally, according to such report, there were 34 million past-year users of amphetamines and 21 million past-year users of cocaine or similar substances in 2020. Young people are using more drugs, with use levels today in many countries higher than with the previous generation. In Africa and Latin America, people under 35 represent the majority of people being treated for drug use disorders. In the United States and Canada, overdose deaths, predominantly driven by an epidemic of the non-medical use of fentanyl, continue to break records.

 

According to the White House’s 2022 National Drug Control Strategy, the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, published October 2021 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, showed that among the 41.1 million people who needed treatment for substance abuse, only 2.7 million (6.5%) received treatment at a specialty treatment facility in the past year.

 

Point of Care/Rapid Diagnostics Market

 

According to the MarketsandMarkets, Inc.’s study, Point of Care/Rapid Diagnostics Market by Product, Platform, Purchase, Sample, User - Global Forecast to 2027, published in December 2022, the global market for Point of Care medical diagnostics was estimated to be $45.36bn in 2022, rising to $75.46bn in 2027 with a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.7% from 2022 to 2027. The Company intends to develop pathways into areas of medical diagnostics utilizing existing technology and techniques to exploit a competitive advantage against traditional testing methodologies.

 

Intellectual Property

 

The following patents are owned by IFP.

 

Patent Families
Primary Patent Families - technologies that are either used in the commercial products or closely related to the commercial products.
Patent Numbers and Geographical Coverage		Description		Expiry
UK (GB 2528657) Germany (via Europe) (DE 602015039916.1) France (via Europe) (EP(FR) 3172566) UK (via Europe) (EP(GB) 3172566) Netherlands (via Europe) (EP(NL) 3172566) Australia (AU 2015293652) Canada (CA 2956026) Japan (JP 6621462) US (US 15/328799) (Pending)		The lateral flow – broad concept – is directed to a lateral flow strip that are being used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2014 and is estimated to expire in 2034-2035.
Germany (via Europe) (DE 602016018952.6) France (via Europe) (EP(FR) 3262413) UK (via Europe) (EP(GB) 3262413) Netherlands (via Europe) (EP(NL) 3262413) Australia (AU 2016225217) Canada (CA 2977891) China (CN ZL201680012388.4) Japan (JP 6694892) US (US 11150243)		The lateral flow cartridge family- is directed to the lateral flow-based fingerprint cartridge used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2015 and is estimated to expire in 2035-2036.
UK (GB 2561165) Australia (AU 2018247080) (Pending) Europe (EP 18716321.7) (Pending) US (US 11227140)		The confirmation cartridge family - is directed to the confirmation cartridge used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2017 and is estimated to expire in 2037-2038.

 

 

UK (GB 2592432) Australia (AU 2021225394) (Pending) Europe (EP 21709774.0) (Pending) US (US 17/904887) (Pending)		The lateral flow test strip reader family - is directed to the DSR-Plus reader used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2020 and is estimated to expire in 2040-2041.
Secondary / Tertiary Patent Families
UK (GB 2517737) Australia (AU 2014313919) US (US 10617397)		The first cartridge family - is directed to a sample cartridge that is no longer being sold or used.		This family was filed in 2013 and is estimated to expire in 2033-2034.
UK (GB 2520063) Germany (via Europe) (EP(DE) 3065640) France (via Europe) (EP(FR) 3065640) UK (via Europe) (EP(GB) 3065640) Netherlands (via Europe) (EP(NL) 3065640) Australia (AU 2014345356) Japan (JP 6568063) US (US 10254277)		The microfluidics family - is directed to a reagent cartridge component that is not used in the commercial product.		This family was filed in 2006 and is estimated to expire in 2026-2027.
UK (GB 2528654) Germany (via Europe) (DE 602015039053.9) France (via Europe) (EP(FR) 3171847) UK (via Europe) (EP(GB) 3171847) Netherlands (via Europe) (EP(NL) 3171847) Australia (AU 2015293654) US (US 10675222)		The medication dispenser family - is directed to a reagent cartridge that is not used in the commercial product.		This family was filed in 2014 and is estimated to expire in 2034-2035.
UK (GB 2552823) Europe (EP 17752467.5) (Pending)		The project ridgeway family is directed to a waveguide device that is not used in the commercial product.		This family was filed in 2016 and is estimated to expire in 2036-2037.
UK (GB 2570944) Europe (EP 19707068.3) (Pending)		The ecosystem family is directed to a method for chemical analysis that is not used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2019 and is estimated to expire in 2039.
UK (GB 2570945) Europe (EP 19707069.1) (Pending)		The project ridgeway with calibration family is directed to an improved waveguide device that is not used in the commercial product		This family was filed in 2018 and is estimated to expire in 2038-2039.
UK (GB 2577237)		The project matchbox family is directed to a method for quantifying a skinprint that is not used in the commercial product.		This family was filed in 2018 and is estimated to expire in 2038.

 

The patents listed above cover virtually all aspects of fingerprint diagnostics including: chemistry, screening cartridge technology, collection cartridge technology, fingerprint quantitation, fingerprint controlled medication dispenser, lab testing of fingerprints, accessories, and lateral flow test strip reader.

 

 

Competition

 

IFP has developed a Point of Care (POC) drug screening test system and a drug laboratory-based confirmation testing service. Both of these involve the collection of fingerprint sweat samples for analysis. For many years, competitor POC and confirmation tests have needed to rely on collecting either urine or oral fluid (saliva) body fluid samples. There are several competitive advantages of analyzing fingerprint sweat over urine and oral fluid drug testing:

 

1.	Non-Invasive sample collection: Fingerprint sweat can be collected within seconds from any location without needing trained specialists, gender-specific collectors or prepared collection areas. The sweat from the fingerprints is collected simply by pressing each finger onto a disposable sample collection cartridge for five seconds. In contrast, the collection of urine and oral fluid samples can take several hours and requires trained collectors. Collection areas must be specially prepared, and sample collection should be observed directly to avoid cheating tests. This is highly invasive and undignified, particularly in the case of urine.
2.	Hygienic and non-biohazardous: Fingerprint sweat samples are non-biohazardous, so the screening and collection kit material can be disposed of in routine waste or recycled. Kits used to collect urine and saliva are a potential biohazard and must be treated as such – either incinerated or into landfill.
3.	Accurate Results: The results of conventional urine and oral fluid POC drug screening tests require reading the test results by interpreting the presence or absence of colored test lines using the naked eye. Often these test lines are weak and difficult to see, leading to inaccuracy in reading the test result. In contrast, the results of the IFP screening test are provided automatically by the DSR-Plus reader unit, providing an unambiguous test result that does not require any user interpretation, increasing the accuracy of the test.

 

The combination of these benefits shows that fingerprint drug testing provides a more cost-effective, less invasive and more dignified method when compared to urine and oral fluid-based tests. The recyclability of IFP Product test kits is of specific benefit to organizations with environmental policies to reduce single-use plastics.

 

The below table compares the IFP System to the current competition:

 

 

The IFP System eliminates the need for highly trained technicians or personal protective equipment, providing a non-invasive and objective testing experience. Its unique 16-hour detection window makes it ideal for assessing an individual’s fitness for work at the time of testing. Based on research commissioned by the Company, the system has the ability to achieve sensitivity and accuracy levels as demonstrated by the performance characteristics in the table below.

 

 

 

We believe that the lateral flow assay technology used in IFP Products has the potential to also deliver significant benefits in other areas of medical diagnostics. For example, the potential exists use the technology to detect biomarkers of health and disease and provide non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic drug levels via fingerprint analysis. IFP is also researching a pipeline of development projects with the vision that fingerprint-based diagnostic tests could provide rapid health/disease triage and wellness tests, meeting the requirements of a post-covid medical diagnostics world. The Company seeks to broaden development pathways into other areas of medical diagnostics utilizing existing technology and techniques to exploit a competitive advantage against traditional testing methodologies. Some examples of potential target assays are: fentanyl and other opiate pain medications, epilepsy management medications, anti-psychotic medications, cortisol (stress marker for wellbeing determination), protein targets, diabetes markers (c-peptide, fructosamine, insulin and proinsulin), infectious diseases (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), Lyme disease, dengue, measles and German measles) and food contamination / infection from animals (brucella, salmonella, proteus).

 

Biosensor Platform Technology

 

The “Biosensor Platform” on which the “Saliva Glucose Biosensor” (SGB) is based is a modified Organic Thin Film Transistor (“OTFT”). The OTFT structure consists of a source and drain electrode, a semiconducting layer, a gate electrode, an optional separation (or dielectric) layer, all printed on a substrate material and superimposed by a polyelectrolyte membrane/enzyme layer onto which the analyte is placed. The Biosensor Platform is designed to detect multiple biological analytes by substituting the GOX enzyme with a suitable alternative for each analyte. The substitute enzyme will generate an electrical current signal that is detected in a manner similar to the SGB. Given that the underlying sensing mechanism is unaltered, we believe the technical risk associated with the development of other tests for biomarkers other than glucose is low. Development efforts for biomarkers other than glucose, including the development of the Prostate Specific Antigen test, the Peanut Kernel Allergen test and the Luteinizing Hormone test are currently in the early stages of development.

 

History and Background of the Biosensor Platform

 

The Biosensor was invented at the Priority Research Centre for Organic Electronics at The University of Newcastle, Australia. The Centre for Organic Electronics is the first of its kind in Australia. It is an exciting new initiative focusing on the development of new electronic devices at the intersection between semiconductors and plastics. The Centre focuses on the scientific challenges in the development of organic electronics, with massive potential for the next generation of environmentally friendly energy sources, photonics and biosensors.