Form POS EX Oaktree Strategic Credit
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 26, 2023
Securities Act File No. 333-261775
File No. 814-01471
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ | |||
Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 | ☒ |
Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(213) 830-6300
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Mary Gallegly
Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund
333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90071
(213) 830-6300
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
WITH COPIES TO:
William G. Farrar
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
125 Broad Street
New York, NY 10004
(212) 558-4000
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
☐ | Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans. |
☒ | Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan. |
☐ | Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto. |
☐ | Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act. |
☐ | Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act. |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
☐ | when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act. |
☒ | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486. |
☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 486. |
☐ | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486. |
☐ | on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a) of Rule 486. |
If appropriate, check the following box:
☐ | This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement]. |
☐ | This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
☐ | This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: . |
☐ | This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:. |
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:
☐ | Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (Investment Company Act)). |
☒ | Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act). |
☐ | Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act). |
☐ | A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form). |
☐ | Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act). |
☒ | Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). |
☒ | If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. |
☒ | New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing). |
No new interests in the Registrant are being registered by this filing. The registration fee was paid in connection with Registrants previous filings.
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form N-2 (No. 333-261775) (as amended, the Registration Statement) of Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund (the Registrant) is filed pursuant to Rule 486(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to provide updated financial information and make certain other non-material changes to the Registrants Prospectus. This Amendment is organized as follows: (a) Prospectus and (b) Part C Information relating to the Registrant.
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PROSPECTUS
Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund
Class S, Class D and Class I Shares
Maximum Offering of $5,000,000,000
Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund is a Delaware statutory trust that seeks to invest primarily in a diversified portfolio of private debt across industries and transaction types, targeting bespoke, highly negotiated loans and private equity-related financings such as those backing leveraged buyouts. Our investment objective is to generate stable current income and long-term capital appreciation. We seek to achieve our investment objective by primarily investing in private debt opportunities. Throughout this prospectus, we refer to Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund as the Fund, we, us or our.
We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (BDC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). We are externally managed by our adviser, Oaktree Fund Advisors, LLC (the Adviser). The Adviser is an affiliate of Oaktree Capital Management, L.P., a leading global investment management firm headquartered in Los Angeles, California focused on less efficient markets and alternative investments, and a subsidiary of Oaktree Capital Group, LLC. We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
We are offering on a continuous basis up to $5,000,000,000 of our common shares of beneficial interest (Common Shares). We are offering to sell any combination of three classes of Common Shares: Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees. The purchase price per share for each class of Common Shares equals our net asset value (NAV) per share, as of the effective date of the monthly share purchase date. This is a best efforts offering, which means that Brookfield Oaktree Wealth Solutions LLC, the distribution manager for this offering, will use its best efforts to sell shares, but is not obligated to purchase or sell any specific amount of shares in this offering.
Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. See Risk Factors beginning on page 28 of this prospectus. Also consider the following:
| We have a limited operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective. |
| This is a blind pool offering and thus you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them. |
| You should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform. |
| You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an extended period of time. |
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| We do not intend to list our shares on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in our shares to develop prior to any listing. |
| Because you may be unable to sell your shares, you will be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn. |
| We have implemented a share repurchase program, but only a limited number of shares will be eligible for repurchase and repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. |
| An investment in our Common Shares is not suitable for you if you need access to the money you invest. See Suitability Standards and Share Repurchase Program. |
| We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have not established any limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. |
| Distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to the Adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
| We use and expect to continue to use leverage, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in us. See Risk FactorsInvestment-Related RisksBoth our portfolio companies and the Fund may be leveraged. |
| We qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, which means that we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors. |
| We invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as junk, have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value. |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Securities regulators have also not passed upon whether this offering can be sold in compliance with existing or future suitability or conduct standards including the Regulation Best Interest standard to any or all purchasers.
The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any oral or written predictions about the amount or certainty of any cash benefits or tax consequences that may result from an investment in our Common Shares is prohibited. No one is authorized to make any statements about this offering different from those that appear in this prospectus.
Price to the Public(1) |
Proceeds to Us, Before Expenses(2) |
|||||||
Maximum Offering(3) |
$ | 5,000,000,000 | $ | 5,000,000,000 | ||||
Class S Shares, per Share |
$ | 23.23 | $ | 1,666,666,667 | ||||
Class D Shares, per Share |
$ | 23.23 | $ | 1,666,666,667 | ||||
Class I Shares, per Share |
$ | 23.23 | $ | 1,666,666,667 |
(1) | Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares were initially offered at $25.00 per share, and are currently being offered on a monthly basis at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class. The table reflects the NAV per share of each class as of December 31, 2022. |
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(2) | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. We will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the distribution manager, subject to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares only, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. No shareholder servicing or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will also pay or reimburse certain organization and offering expenses, including, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, certain wholesaling expenses. See Plan of Distribution and Use of Proceeds. The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering. Proceeds are calculated before deducting shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees or organization and offering expenses payable by us, which are paid over time. |
(3) | The table assumes that all shares are sold in the primary offering, with 1/3 of the gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 from the sale of Class D shares, and 1/3 from the sale of Class I shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from this assumption. |
This prospectus contains important information you should know before investing in the Common Shares. Please read this prospectus before investing and keep it for future reference. We also file periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). This information is available free of charge by contacting us at 333 South Grand Avenue, 28th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90071, calling us at (213) 830-6300 or visiting our corporate website located at https://osc.brookfieldoaktree.com. Information on our website is not incorporated into or a part of this prospectus. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains this information.
The date of this prospectus is January 26, 2023
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation |
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Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support Agreement |
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Custodian, Transfer And Distribution Paying Agent and Registrar |
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Common Shares offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means such that they do not have a need for liquidity in this investment. We have established financial suitability standards for initial shareholders in this offering which require that a purchaser of shares have either:
| a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, or |
| a net worth of at least $250,000. |
For purposes of determining the suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investors home, home furnishings and automobiles. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these minimum standards must be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account or the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the shares if the donor or grantor is the fiduciary.
In addition, we will not sell shares to investors in the states named below unless they meet special suitability standards set forth below:
AlabamaIn addition to the suitability standards set forth above, an investment in us will only be sold to Alabama residents that have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times their investment in us and our affiliates.
CaliforniaCalifornia residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.
IdahoPurchasers residing in Idaho must have either (a) a liquid net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $300,000. Additionally, the total investment in us will not exceed 10% of their liquid net worth.
IowaIowa investors must (i) have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $350,000 (net worth should be determined exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings); and (ii) limit their aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other non-traded business development companies (BDCs) to 10% of such investors liquid net worth (liquid net worth should be determined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities).
KansasIt is recommended by the Office of the Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors limit their aggregate investment in our securities and other non-traded business development companies to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. For these purposes, liquid net worth will be defined as that portion of total net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
KentuckyA Kentucky investor may not invest more than 10% of its liquid net worth in us or our affiliates. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
MaineThe Maine Office of Securities recommends that an investors aggregate investment in this offering and similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of the investors liquid net worth. For this purpose, liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
MassachusettsIn addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Massachusetts residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and in other illiquid direct participation programs.
MissouriIn addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Missouri residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.
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NebraskaNebraska investors must have (i) either (a) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $250,000; and (ii) Nebraska investors must limit their aggregate investment in this offering and the securities of other business development companies to 10% of such investors net worth. Investors who are accredited investors as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) are not subject to the foregoing investment concentration limit.
New JerseyNew Jersey investors must have either, (a) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of not less than $85,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $350,000. For these purposes, liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, minus total liabilities) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. In addition, a New Jersey investors investment in us, our affiliates, and other non-publicly traded direct investment programs (including real estate investment trusts, business development companies, oil and gas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings) may not exceed ten percent (10%) of his or her liquid net worth.
New MexicoIn addition to the general suitability standards listed above, a New Mexico investor may not invest, and we may not accept from an investor more than ten percent (10%) of that investors liquid net worth in shares of us, our affiliates and in other non-traded business development companies. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth which consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
North DakotaPurchasers residing in North Dakota must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
OhioIt is unsuitable for Ohio residents to invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us, our affiliates of the issuer and in any other non-traded BDC. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles, minus total liabilities) comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
OklahomaPurchasers residing in Oklahoma may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.
OregonIn addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Oregon investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and our affiliates. Liquid net worth is defined as net worth excluding the value of the investors home, home furnishings and automobile.
Puerto RicoPurchasers residing in Puerto Rico may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us, our affiliates and other non-traded business development companies. For these purposes, liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles minus total liabilities) consisting of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
TennesseePurchasers residing in Tennessee must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
VermontAccredited investors in Vermont, as defined in 17 C.F.R. §230.501, may invest freely in this offering. In addition to the suitability standards described above, non-accredited Vermont investors may not purchase an amount in this offering that exceeds 10% of the investors liquid net worth. For these purposes, liquid net worth is defined as an investors total assets (not including home, home furnishings or automobiles) minus total liabilities.
The Adviser, those selling shares on our behalf and participating brokers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering are required to make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor based on information provided by the investor regarding the investors financial situation and investment objectives and must maintain records for at least six years after the information is used to determine that an investment in our
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shares is suitable and appropriate for each investor. In making this determination, the participating broker, registered investment adviser, authorized representative or other person selling shares will, based on a review of the information provided by the investor, consider whether the investor:
| meets the minimum income and net worth standards established in the investors state; |
| can reasonably benefit from an investment in our Common Shares based on the investors overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; |
| is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the investors overall financial situation, including the risk that the investor may lose its entire investment; and |
| has an apparent understanding of the following: |
| the fundamental risks of the investment; |
| the lack of liquidity of our shares; |
| the background and qualification of our Adviser; and |
| the tax consequences of the investment. |
In addition to investors who meet the minimum income and net worth requirements set forth above, our shares may be sold to financial institutions that qualify as institutional investors under the state securities laws of the state in which they reside. Institutional investor is generally defined to include banks, insurance companies, investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act, pension or profit sharing trusts and certain other financial institutions. A financial institution that desires to purchase shares will be required to confirm that it is an institutional investor under applicable state securities laws.
In addition to the suitability standards established herein, (i) a participating broker may impose additional suitability requirements and investment concentration limits to which an investor could be subject and (ii) various states may impose additional suitability standards, investment amount limits and alternative investment limitations.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and establishes a best interest obligation for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making recommendations of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The obligations of Regulation Best Interest are in addition to, and may be more restrictive than, the suitability requirements listed above. When making such a recommendation to a retail customer, a broker-dealer must, among other things, act in the best interest of the retail customer at the time a recommendation is made, without placing its interests ahead of its retail customers interests. A broker-dealer may satisfy the best interest standard imposed by Regulation Best Interest by meeting disclosure, care, conflict of interest and compliance obligations. Regulation Best Interest also requires registered investment advisers and registered broker-dealers to provide a brief relationship summary to retail investors. This relationship summary, referred to as Form CRS, is not a prospectus. Investors should refer to the prospectus for detailed information about this offering before deciding to purchase Common Shares. Currently, there is no administrative or case law interpreting Regulation Best Interest and the full scope of its applicability on brokers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time. See Risk FactorsMarket, Legal and Regulatory RisksCompliance with the SECs Regulation Best Interest may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objective. for additional information.
In addition to Regulation Best Interest, certain states, including Massachusetts, have adopted or may adopt, state-level standards that seek to further enhance the broker-dealer standard of conduct to a fiduciary standard for all broker-dealer recommendations made to retail customers in their states. In comparison to the standards of Regulation Best Interest, the Massachusetts fiduciary standard, for example, requires broker-dealers to adhere to the duties of utmost care and loyalty to customers. The Massachusetts standard also requires a broker-dealer to
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make recommendations without regard to the financial or any other interest of any party other than the retail customer, and that broker-dealers must make all reasonably practicable efforts to avoid conflicts of interest, eliminate conflicts that cannot reasonably be avoided, and mitigate conflicts that cannot reasonably be avoided or eliminated.
Please carefully read the information in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplements, which we refer to collectively as the prospectus. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.
We will disclose the NAV per share of each class of our Common Shares for each month when available on our website at https://www.osc.brookfieldoaktree.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider that information to be part of this prospectus.
The words we, us, our and the Fund refer to Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund, together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Unless otherwise noted, numerical information relating to Oaktree (as defined below) and the Fund is approximate as of September 30, 2022.
Citations included herein to industry sources are used only to demonstrate third-party support for certain statements made herein to which such citations relate. Information included in such industry sources that do not relate to supporting the related statements made herein are not part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our business, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and objectives. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as may, will, expect, intend, anticipate, estimate, believe, continue or other similar words. These statements include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to future growth and availability of funds, and are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to these statements involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to accurately predict and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements, and the forward-looking statements themselves, are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate and our actual results, performance and achievements may be materially different from that expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of this information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans, which we consider to be reasonable, will be achieved.
You should carefully review the Risk Factors section of this prospectus for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we do not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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This prospectus summary highlights certain information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This is only a summary and it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. Before deciding to invest in this offering, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the Risk Factors section.
Q: | What is Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund? |
A: | We are a Delaware statutory trust formed on November 24, 2021. We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (BDC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act). We are externally managed by our adviser, Oaktree Fund Advisors, LLC (the Adviser and, collectively with its affiliates, Oaktree). The Fund is part of Oaktrees Private Credit strategy, which is a combination of Oaktrees Strategic Credit and U.S. Private Debt strategies. |
Q: | Who is Oaktree? |
The Adviser is an affiliate of Oaktree Capital Management, L.P. (OCM), a leading global investment management firm headquartered in Los Angeles, California focused on less efficient markets and alternative investments, and is a subsidiary of Oaktree Capital Group, LLC (OCG). As an affiliate of OCM, the Adviser has access to the resources of OCM, including its investment professionals. A number of the senior executives and investment professionals of Oaktree have been investing together for over 35 years and have generated impressive investment performance through multiple market cycles. Oaktree emphasizes an opportunistic, value-oriented and risk-controlled approach to investments in distressed debt, corporate debt (including high yield debt and senior loans), control investing, real estate, convertible securities and listed equities. As of September 30, 2022, Oaktree had approximately $163 billion of assets under management. The Adviser is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act.
In 2019, Brookfield Corporation (formerly known as Brookfield Asset Management, Inc., collectively with its affiliates, Brookfield) acquired a majority economic interest in OCG. OCG operates as an independent business within Brookfield, with its own product offerings and investment, marketing and support teams. Brookfield is a leading global alternative asset manager with over a 100 year history and over $750 billion of assets under management (inclusive of OCG) across a broad portfolio of real estate, infrastructure, renewable power, credit and private equity assets.
Oaktrees primary firm-wide goal is to achieve attractive returns while bearing less than commensurate risk. We believe that we can achieve this goal by taking advantage of market inefficiencies in which financial markets and their participants fail to accurately value assets or fail to make available to companies the capital that they reasonably require.
Our objective is to bring Oaktrees leading credit investment platform to the non-exchange traded BDC industry.
Q: | What is your investment objective? |
A: | Our investment objective is to generate stable current income and long-term capital appreciation. |
Q: | What is your investment strategy? |
A: | We seek to meet our investment objective by primarily investing in private debt opportunities and by: |
| utilizing the experience and expertise of the management team of the Adviser in areas ranging from performing credit to distressed debt, over multiple market cycles, along with the broader resources of Oaktree, in sourcing, evaluating and structuring transactions, and Oaktrees long-standing relationships with sponsors, management teams, capital raising advisors and issuers; |
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| employing a disciplined credit underwriting process centered on risk control and focused on principal protection and loss avoidance, primarily investing in private debt of medium-sized companies, in loans with asset coverage ratios that the Adviser believes provide appropriate credit protection, and also seeking financial protections, including linking additional funding to achievement of credit de-risking milestones where the Adviser believes necessary; |
| curating a diversified portfolio of private debt across industries and transaction types such as leveraged buyout (LBO)-related financings and bespoke, highly negotiated loans, with opportunistic investments in discounted, high-quality public investments to enhance total return in times of significant market dislocation; and |
| maintaining rigorous portfolio monitoring in an attempt to anticipate and pre-empt negative credit events within our portfolio. |
Q: | What types of investments do you intend to make? |
A: | Under normal circumstances, we will invest at least 80% of our total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in credit investments of varying maturities. Credit investments for this purpose includes the investments listed below other than investments in preferred stock, publicly traded or privately placed equity securities, warrants and options with respect to equity securities, money market mutual funds, cash and cash equivalents and equity of special purpose entities, which investments will not, in the aggregate, exceed 20% of our total assets under normal circumstances. For purposes of our 80% policy, we value any credit investments that are derivative instruments based on their market value. |
Most of our investments will be in private U.S. companies, but (subject to compliance with BDCs requirement to invest at least 70% of its assets in private U.S. companies), we also expect to invest to some extent in European and other non-U.S. companies. In addition, to enhance overall returns, we may also pursue attractive, publicly-traded debt investments, including opportunistically investing in discounted, high-quality investments that may result from broad market dislocations or specific situational challenges.
Once we have invested a substantial amount of proceeds from this offering, under normal circumstances we expect that our portfolio and investing activities will predominantly include:
| loans made directly to non-U.S. and U.S. borrowers, which may be long-term or short-term, secured or unsecured, covenant-lite (that is, lacking financial maintenance covenants), and may or may not have an equity component attached; |
| all types of publicly traded or privately placed debt securities and other obligations such as bank loans and participations, equipment trust certificates, mortgages, mezzanine debt or deeds of trust on real property and trade credit; |
| preferred stock; |
| publicly traded or privately placed equity securities, including common stock and preferred stock (including convertible preferred stock), as well as warrants with respect to such equity securities; |
| bridge financings to portfolio companies to facilitate buy-outs or acquisitions; |
| investments in the when-issued trading market, a market for conditional trades in securities that have been authorized but not yet issued; |
| follow-on, mutually reinforcing investments intended to result in a more successful business entity; |
| collateralized loan obligation vehicles (CLOs), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and other structured products, including investments in junior and/or equity tranches of such products; |
| securities or obligations of non-U.S. entities; |
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| debt and equity securities acquired through tender offers; |
| options and warrants; |
| short sale transactions for hedging purposes; |
| temporary investments in one or more unaffiliated money market mutual funds or directly in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, interest-bearing government securities, repurchase contracts and other short-term instruments; |
| cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments held in reserve; |
| all or a substantial portion of the equity of one or more special purpose entities formed for the purpose of purchasing the assets of a company directly, including in connection with sales under section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code; and |
| other investment techniques the Adviser believes will help achieve our investment objective. |
We expect most of our debt investments will be unrated; however, some of our debt investments may be rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, and, in such case, generally will carry a rating below investment grade (rated lower than Baa3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. or lower than BBB- by Standard & Poors Global Ratings). We expect that our unrated debt investments will generally have credit quality consistent with below investment grade securities. In addition, we may invest in CLOs and will generally have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and will generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or entities that sponsored the CLOs.
Because the Fund is intended to be an opportunistic investment vehicle, the composition of our portfolio may change with market conditions. We may invest across the capital structure, in both liquid and illiquid securities and obligations, which we believe should allow the Fund to access attractive risk-reward opportunities as they arise in all types of investments. In addition, our debt investments will have varying maturities, and the maturity of our newly originated debt investments, in particular, will be driven by market dynamics at the time of investment and will change over time. There is no limit on the maturity or duration of any security we may hold in our portfolio.
Subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act, we may invest in loans or other securities, the proceeds of which may refinance or otherwise repay debt or securities of companies whose debt is owned by other Oaktree funds. From time to time, we may co-invest with other Oaktree funds. See Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities Exemptive Relief.
Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See Investment Objective and Strategies and Risk Factors.
Q: | What is an originated loan? |
A: | An originated loan is a loan where we lend directly to the borrower and hold the loan on our own or only with other Oaktree affiliates or sometimes with a small number of other unaffiliated direct lenders. This is distinct from a syndicated loan, which is generally originated by a bank and then syndicated, or sold to other investors. Originated loans are generally held until maturity or until they are refinanced by the borrower. Syndicated loans often have liquid markets and can be traded by investors. |
Q: | What competitive strengths does the Adviser offer? |
A: | Oaktree has a long-standing global presence, with three decades of experience investing in credit products in periods of both market strength and distress. Oaktree has an integrated investment approach and a disciplined credit underwriting process centered on risk control. |
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We believe that Oaktrees defining characteristic is its adherence to the highest professional standards, which has yielded several important benefits. First and foremost, this characteristic has allowed Oaktree to attract and retain an experienced group of investment professionals (the Investment Professionals) as well as accounting, valuation, legal, compliance and other administrative professionals. As of September 30, 2022, Oaktree had more than 1,050 professionals in 20 cities and 14 countries, including a deep and broad credit platform drawing from more than 350 highly experienced investment professionals with significant origination, structuring and underwriting expertise. In particular, the Private Credit group that is primarily responsible for implementing the Funds investment strategy consists of a deep and experienced team of Investment Professionals led by Armen Panossian, the Funds Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, who focuses on the investment strategy employed by the Adviser and certain of its affiliates.
The Adviser and its affiliates aim to attract, motivate and retain talented employees (both Investment Professionals and accounting, valuation, legal, compliance and other administrative professionals) by making them active participants in, and beneficiaries of, the platforms success. In addition to competitive base salaries, all of the Advisers investment professionals share in a discretionary bonus pool. An employees participation in the bonus pool is based on the overall success of the Adviser and its affiliates and the individual employees performance and level of responsibility.
In addition, our Advisers investment team has long-standing relationships with sponsors, management teams, capital-raising advisors and issuers, as well as brokers, banks and other market participants. These institutional relationships have been instrumental in strengthening access to trading opportunities, to understanding the current market, and to executing the investment teams investment strategies.
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Q: | What is the market opportunity? |
A: | We believe that there are and will continue to be significant investment opportunities in the asset classes discussed above. |
Private Lending Opportunities. We believe that the market for lending to private companies is underserved and presents a compelling investment opportunity. We intend to focus on private lending opportunities in the following key areas:
| Stressed Sector/Rescue Lending. Individual businesses or sectors experiencing stress or reduced access to capital can create attractive private lending opportunities. Broad market weakness or sector-specific issues can constrain borrowers access to capital. Further, certain factors such as regulation may cause entire industries (e.g., energy) to be rebuffed by more traditional debt financing sources (e.g., commercial banks) such that both financially sound and distressed borrowers lose access to capital. Oftentimes, by sifting through an industry issuer-by-issuer, the Investment Professionals can identify attractive investment opportunities that are over-secured by valuable assets. Examples of these opportunities may include debtor-in-possession loans or loans to companies in need of capital to bolster liquidity or to address near-term maturities. |
| Situational Lending. Certain businesses may present challenges for traditional lenders to understand or value, thus presenting attractive lending opportunities for the Fund. Prospective borrowers with little-to-no revenue or EBITDA may be unable to secure financing from traditional lenders. In these instances, a debt-to-EBITDA approach may not be appropriate, instead requiring a value-oriented approach that involves targeting low LTVs and negotiating bespoke covenants, contingencies and terms that help mitigate business-specific risks. Examples of these opportunities may include life sciences companies that have revenue-generating drugs and hard assets, but reinvest that capital into research and development for promising new products. |
| Sponsor-Related Financings. Financing for private equity firms is one of the most active areas of opportunity given the abundance of dry powder, including those opportunities related to LBOs and refinancings. The Investment Professionals have many longstanding relationships with blue-chip sponsors, and generally favor those that view their portfolio companies as long-term partners and those that specialize in certain industries where they have subject matter expertise. In addition, the Investment Professionals have historically favored sponsors that have demonstrated a willingness to invest large amounts of equity, which provides enhanced downside protection. Examples of these opportunities may include financings for software- or healthcare-focused private equity firms. |
| Secondary Private Loans and Loan Portfolios. With increasing frequency, some lenders and leverage providers are offering to sell individual loans or portfolios of loans. Several drivers may force these sellers to offload portfolios, such as performance concerns, near-term liquidity needs, leverage pressures or regulatory capital requirements. With our anticipated capital levels and the Advisers firsthand experience in workouts and restructurings, the Fund can purchase loans at attractive levels, often well below their assessed values. Examples of these opportunities may come from banks seeking to reduce geographic or sector concentration or BDCs seeking to resolve leverage issues driven by troubled performance. |
Opportunities in Public Markets. Certain factors may also drive opportunities for the Fund in the public market and will allow the Fund to leverage Oaktrees broader credit platform and decades of credit investing experience. These factors may include:
| Macro Factors. Macro factors that drive market dislocations can ripple through the global economy and include sovereign debt crises, political elections, global pandemics, and other unexpected geopolitical events. These factors drive highly correlated risk on and risk off market swings and frequently result in the indiscriminate selling of securities and obligations at prices that the Investment Professionals believe are well below their intrinsic values. |
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| Industry Headwinds. Select industries may face secular challenges or may fall out of favor due to a variety of factors such as evolving technology or regulation. These headwinds can cause the debt of financially sound and distressed companies alike to trade lower, potentially allowing the Investment Professionals to identify mispriced opportunities. |
| Company Characteristics. Company-specific factors that drive market dislocations include over-leveraged balance sheets, near-term liquidity or maturity issues, secular pressures, acute shock to company operations (including from government shutdowns of company operations), asset-light businesses and new or relatively small issuers. These factors may result in mispriced securities or obligations or require a highly structured direct loan. |
Q: | Why do you intend to invest in liquid credit investments in addition to originated loans? |
A: | We believe that our liquid credit investments will help maintain liquidity to satisfy any share repurchases we choose to make and manage cash before investing subscription proceeds into originated loans while also seeking attractive investment returns. We expect these investments to enhance our risk/return profile and serve as a source of liquidity for the Fund. |
Q: | How will you identify investments? |
A: | The Adviser has several resources for originating new opportunities that grant the Investment Professionals a comprehensive view of the actionable investment universe. From this universe, the Adviser can then select the most attractive opportunities for the Fund. In addition to its dedicated group of sourcing professionals, the Adviser will also leverage its global market presence and relationships with affiliates, advisers, sponsors, banks, management teams, capital-raising advisers, trading desks and other sources to gain access to opportunities. The Adviser is a trusted partner to financial sponsors and management teams based on its market reputation, relationship-based approach, long-term investment orientation and focus on lending across economic cycles. We believe this will give the Fund access to proprietary deal flow and first looks at investment opportunities and that the Fund is well-positioned for difficult and complex transactions. |
Q: | Will you use leverage? |
A: | Yes. To seek to enhance our returns, we use and expect to continue to use leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act, which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt-to-equity ratio. We use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions, and also may issue debt securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage is expected to be applied on a position-by-position basis, meaning little-to-no leverage may be applied to certain investments, while others may have more leverage applied. Any such leverage would also be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. Additionally, some of our portfolio companies may be highly leveraged. See Risk Factors. |
Q: | How will the Fund be allocated investment opportunities? |
A: | Oaktree, including the Adviser, provides investment management services to other BDCs, investment funds, client accounts and proprietary accounts that Oaktree may establish (Other Oaktree Funds). |
The Fund may share in investment opportunities presented to one or more of the Other Oaktree Funds, and one or more Other Oaktree Funds may share in investment opportunities presented to the Fund, in each case to the extent that Oaktree in good faith deems such an allocation to be prudent or equitable. As between a closed-end fund or account that is in its investment period and the Fund or another open-end fund or account
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or publicly listed BDC (which typically does not have a limit on total size) with the same overall investment focus, investment opportunities will generally be allocated between them based on Oaktrees reasonable assessment of the amount of capital available for investment by each such fund or account, and sales of an investment will generally be allocated pro rata between them on the basis of their respective investments held (disregarding for this purpose the age of the funds or accounts or which of them is in a liquidation period), subject to a good faith determination by Oaktree that a different allocation would be prudent or equitable. In order for Oaktree and its affiliates, including the Adviser, to fulfill their fiduciary duties to each of their clients, Oaktree has put in place an investment allocation policy that seeks to ensure the fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities over time between the Fund and Other Oaktree Funds and to address the co-investment restrictions set forth under the Investment Company Act. See Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities for a discussion of the factors Oaktree will consider in determining prudent or equitable allocations of investment opportunities.
In addition, as a BDC regulated under the Investment Company Act, the Fund is subject to certain limitations relating to co-investments and joint transactions with affiliates, which likely in certain circumstances limit the Funds ability to make investments or enter into other transactions alongside other clients.
We have in the past co-invested, and in the future may co-invest, with certain affiliates of the Adviser. The Adviser has received exemptive relief from the SEC to allow certain managed funds and accounts, each of whose investment adviser is the Adviser or an investment adviser controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser, as well as certain Oaktree proprietary accounts, to participate in negotiated co-investment transactions where doing so is consistent with the applicable registered funds or BDCs investment objective and strategies as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, and pursuant to the conditions of the SEC order (the Exemptive Relief). Pursuant to the Exemptive Relief, our board of trustees (the Board of Trustees and each member of the Board of Trustees, a Trustee) has established objective criteria (Board Criteria) clearly defining co-investment opportunities in which the Fund will have the opportunity to participate with one or more other Oaktree-managed funds or accounts that target similar assets. Each potential co-investment opportunity that falls under the terms of the Exemptive Relief and is appropriate for the Fund and any affiliated fund or account, and that satisfies the then-current Board Criteria, will be offered to the Fund and such other eligible funds and accounts. If there is a sufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated among the participants in accordance with their proposed order size, and if there is an insufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the investment proposed by the applicable investment adviser to such participant, up to the amount proposed to be invested by each, which is reviewed and approved by an independent committee of legal, compliance and accounting professionals at the Adviser.
Q: | How is an investment in shares of your Common Shares different from an investment in shares of listed BDCs? |
A: | An investment in our common shares of beneficial interest (Common Shares) generally differs from an investment in shares of listed BDCs in a number of ways, including: |
| Shares of listed BDCs are priced by the trading market, which is influenced generally by numerous factors, not all of which are related to the underlying value of the entitys assets and liabilities. Our Board of Trustees, rather than the market, determined the initial offering price of our shares in its sole discretion after considering the initial public offering prices per share of other blind pool non-traded BDCs. The estimated value of our assets and liabilities is used to determine our net asset value (NAV) following June 1, 2022, the date on which the Fund broke escrow for the offering of its Common Shares (the Escrow Break Date). The NAV of non-traded BDCs may be subject to volatility related to the values of their underlying loans as opposed to other conditions that may impact public markets. |
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| An investment in our shares has limited or no liquidity outside of our share repurchase program and our share repurchase program may be modified, suspended or terminated. In contrast, an investment in a listed BDC is a liquid investment, as shares can be sold on an exchange at any time the exchange is open. |
| Some listed BDCs are self-managed, whereas our investment operations are managed by the Adviser, which is part of Oaktree. |
| Unlike the offering of a listed BDC, this offering is registered in every state in which we are offering and selling shares. As a result, we include certain limits in our governing documents that are not typically provided for in the charter of a listed BDC. For example, our Declaration of Trust limits the fees we may pay to the Adviser. A listed BDC does not typically provide for these restrictions within its charter. A listed BDC is, however, subject to the governance requirements of the exchange on which its shares are traded, including requirements relating to its board of directors, audit committee, independent director oversight of executive compensation and the director nomination process, code of conduct, shareholder meetings, related party transactions, shareholder approvals and voting rights. |
Although we expect to follow many of these same governance guidelines, there is no requirement that we do so unless it is required for other reasons. Both listed BDCs and non-traded BDCs are subject to the requirements of the Investment Company Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act).
Q: | For whom may an investment in your Common Shares be appropriate? |
A: | An investment in our Common Shares may be appropriate for you if you: |
| meet the minimum suitability standards described above under Suitability Standards; |
| seek to allocate a portion of your investment portfolio to a direct investment vehicle with an income-oriented portfolio of primarily U.S. credit investments; |
| seek to receive current income through regular distribution payments; |
| wish to obtain the potential benefit of long-term capital appreciation; and |
| are able to hold your shares as a long-term investment and do not need liquidity from your investment quickly or in the near future. |
We cannot assure you that an investment in our Common Shares will allow you to realize any of these objectives. An investment in our Common Shares is only intended for investors who do not need the ability to sell their shares quickly in the future since we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any of our Common Shares in any particular quarter in our discretion. See Share Repurchase Program.
Q: | Are there any risks involved in buying your Common Shares? |
A: | Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objective and, therefore, you should purchase our shares only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. An investment in our Common Shares involves significant risks and is intended only for investors with a long-term investment horizon and who do not require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income. Some of the more significant risks relating to an investment in our Common Shares include those listed below: |
| We have a limited operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective. |
| This is a blind pool offering and thus you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them. |
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| You should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform. |
| You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an extended period of time. |
| We do not intend to list our shares on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in our shares to develop prior to any listing. |
| Because you may be unable to sell your shares, you will be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn. |
| We have implemented a share repurchase program, but only a limited number of shares will be eligible for repurchase and repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. |
| An investment in our Common Shares is not suitable for you if you need access to the money you invest. See Suitability Standards and Share Repurchase Program. |
| We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have not established any limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. A return of capital (1) is a return of the original amount invested, (2) does not constitute earnings or profits and (3) will have the effect of reducing the basis such that when a shareholder sells its shares the sale may be subject to taxes even if the shares are sold for less than the original purchase price. |
| Distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to the Adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
| We use and expect to continue to use leverage, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in us. See Risk FactorsInvestment-Related Risksboth our portfolio companies and Fund may be leveraged for additional information. |
| We qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the JOBS Act), which means that we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors. |
| We invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as junk, have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value. |
Q: | Do you currently own any investments? |
A: | Yes. Please see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Portfolio Companies, the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and our periodic reports under the Exchange Act and www.osc.brookfieldoaktree.com for information on our investments. |
Q: | What is the role of your Board of Trustees? |
A: | We operate under the direction of our Board of Trustees, the members of which are accountable to us and our shareholders as fiduciaries. We have 5 Trustees, 4 of whom have been determined to be independent of us, the Adviser, Oaktree and its affiliates (independent Trustees). Our independent Trustees are responsible for reviewing the performance of the Adviser and approving the compensation paid to the Adviser and its affiliates. The names and biographical information of our Trustees are provided under Management of the FundTrustees and Executive Officers. |
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Q: | What is the difference between the Class S, Class D and Class I Common Shares being offered? |
A: | We are offering to the public three classes of Common Shares: Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. The differences among the share classes relate to ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, which are similar to sales commissions. In addition, although no upfront sales loads be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. See Description of Our Shares and Plan of Distribution for a discussion of the differences between our Class S, Class D and Class I shares. |
Assuming a constant NAV per share of $25.00, we expect that a one-time investment in 400 shares of each class of our shares (representing an aggregate NAV of $10,000 for each class) would be subject to the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees:
Annual Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fees |
Total Over Five Years |
|||||||
Class S |
$ | 85 | $ | 425 | ||||
Class D |
$ | 25 | $ | 125 | ||||
Class I |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 |
Class S shares are available through brokerage and transaction-based accounts. Class D shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class D shares, (2) through participating brokers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class D shares, (3) through transaction/ brokerage platforms at participating brokers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. Class I shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class I shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating intermediaries that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class I shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) by our executive officers and trustees and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Adviser, Oaktree, Brookfield or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers or (6) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S or Class D shares exits a relationship with a participating broker for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker for this offering, such holders shares may be exchanged into an equivalent NAV amount of Class I shares. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your investment adviser regarding your account type and the classes of Common Shares you may be eligible to purchase.
If you are eligible to purchase all three classes of shares, you should be aware that participating brokers will not charge transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, on Class I shares and Class I shares have no shareholder servicing or distribution fees, which will reduce the NAV or distributions of the other share classes. However, Class I shares will not receive shareholder services.
Q: | What is the per share purchase price? |
A: | Shares are sold at the then-current NAV per share, as described below. |
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Q: | How will your NAV per share be calculated? |
A: | Our NAV will be determined based on the value of our assets less our liabilities, including accrued fees and expenses, as of any date of determination. |
Investments for which market quotations are readily available will typically be valued at those market quotations. To validate market quotations, we will utilize a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of the quotations. Securities that are not publicly traded or for which market prices are not readily available will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Adviser as the Board of Trustees valuation designee pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act. The Adviser will determine the fair value of each of our investments and our NAV per share each month. See Determination of Net Asset Value.
Q: | Is there any minimum investment required? |
A: | The minimum initial investment in our Class S and Class D shares is $2,500, and the minimum investment in our Class I shares is $1,000,000. The minimum subsequent investment in each class of our Common Shares is $500 per transaction, except the minimum subsequent investment amount does not apply to purchases made under our distribution reinvestment plan. In addition, Brookfield Oaktree Wealth Solutions LLC (the Distribution Manager), an SEC registered broker-dealer and a subsidiary of Brookfield, an affiliate of the Adviser, may elect to accept smaller investments in its discretion. |
Q: | What is a best efforts offering? |
A: | This is our initial public offering of our Common Shares, and they are being offered on a best efforts basis. A best efforts offering means the Distribution Manager and the participating brokers are only required to use their best efforts to sell the shares. When shares are offered to the public on a best efforts basis, no underwriter, broker or other person has a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that any minimum number of shares will be sold. |
Q: | What is the expected term of this offering? |
A: | We have registered $5,000,000,000 in Common Shares. It is our intent, however, to conduct a continuous offering for an extended period of time, by filing for additional offerings of our Common Shares, subject to regulatory approval and continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. |
We will endeavor to take all reasonable actions to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of our Common Shares. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not need to suspend our continuous offering while the SEC and, where required, state securities regulators, review such filings for additional offerings of our Common Shares until such filings are declared effective, if at all.
Q: | When may I make purchases of shares and at what price? |
A: | Subscriptions to purchase our Common Shares may be made on an ongoing basis, but investors may only purchase our Common Shares pursuant to accepted subscription request effective as of the first day of each month (based on the NAV per share as determined as of the previous day, being the last day of the preceding month), and to be accepted, a subscription request including the full subscription amount must be received, together with a completed subscription agreement with appropriate responses, at least five business days prior to the first day of the month (unless waived by the Distribution Manager). |
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Notice of each share transaction will be furnished to shareholders (or their financial representatives) as soon as practicable but not later than seven business days after the Funds NAV is determined and credited to the shareholders account, together with information relevant for personal and tax records. While a shareholder will not know our NAV applicable on the effective date of the share purchase, our NAV applicable to a purchase of shares will be available on our website, https://www.osc.brookfieldoaktree.com, generally within 20 business days after the effective date of the share purchase; at that time, the number of shares based on that NAV and each shareholders purchase will be determined and shares are credited to the shareholders account as of the effective date of the share purchase.
See How to Subscribe for more details.
Q: | When will the NAV per share be available? |
A: | We will report our NAV per share as of the last day of each month on our website, https://www.osc.brookfieldoaktree.com, generally within 20 business days of the last day of each month. Because subscriptions must be submitted at least five business days prior to the first day of each month, you will not know the NAV per share at which you will be subscribing at the time you subscribe. If a subscription request is received less than five business days prior to the first day of the month, unless waived by the Distribution Manager, the subscription request will be executed in the next months closing at the transaction price applicable to that month. As a result of this process, the price per share at which your subscription request is executed may be different from the price per share at the time at which you submit your subscription request. For additional information regarding the procedures relating to the purchases of our Common Shares, see How to Subscribe Purchase Price. |
For example, if you are subscribing in March, your subscription must be submitted at least five business days prior to April 1. The purchase price for your shares will be the NAV per share determined as of March 31. The NAV per share as of March 31 will generally be available within 20 business days from March 31.
Q: | May I withdraw my subscription request once I have made it? |
A: | Yes. Subscribers are not committed to purchase shares at the time their subscription requests are submitted and any subscription may be canceled at any time before it has been accepted, which will not be earlier than two business days before the first calendar day of the next month. You may cancel your subscription request by notifying the transfer agent, through your financial intermediary or by notifying Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund directly on our toll-free, automated telephone line, (855) 777-8001. |
Q: | When will my subscription be accepted? |
A: | Completed subscription requests will not be accepted by us any earlier than two business days before the first day of each month. |
Q: | Will I receive distributions and how often? |
A: | We have declared distributions each month beginning in July 2022 through the date of this prospectus and expect to continue to pay regular monthly distributions. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our Board of Trustees, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital and liquidity needs and general financial condition, maintenance of our tax treatment as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. |
Our Board of Trustees discretion as to the payment of distributions will be directed, in substantial part, by its determination to cause us to comply with the RIC requirements. To maintain our treatment as a RIC, we
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generally are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our net investment income. See Description of our Shares and Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
The per share amount of distributions on Class S, Class D and Class I shares generally differ because of different class-specific shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees that are deducted from the gross distributions for each share class. Specifically, distributions on Class S shares will be lower than Class D shares, and Class D shares will be lower than Class I shares because we are required to pay higher ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees with respect to the Class S shares (compared to Class D shares and Class I shares) and we are required to pay higher ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees with respect to Class D shares (compared to Class I shares).
There is no assurance we will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all. We may fund any distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have not established any limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. The extent to which we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments. Funding distributions from the sales of assets, borrowings, return of capital or proceeds of this offering will result in us having less funds available to acquire investments. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute your interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of your investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price you paid for your shares. We believe the likelihood that we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will be higher in the early stages of the offering.
Q: | Will the distributions I receive be taxable as ordinary income? |
A: | Generally, distributions that you receive, including cash distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Dividends received will generally not be eligible to be taxed at the lower U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to individuals for qualified dividends. |
We may designate a portion of distributions as capital gain dividends taxable at capital gain rates to the extent we recognize net capital gains from sales of assets. In addition, a portion of your distributions may be considered return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Amounts considered a return of capital generally will not be subject to tax, but will instead reduce the tax basis of your investment. This, in effect, defers a portion of your tax until your shares are repurchased, you sell your shares or we are liquidated, at which time you generally will be taxed at capital gains rates. Because each investors tax position is different, you should consult with your tax advisor. In particular, non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors regarding potential withholding taxes on distributions that they receive. See Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Q: | May I reinvest my cash distributions in additional shares? |
A: | Yes. We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan whereby shareholders (other than Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating brokers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan) will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares unless they elect to receive their distributions in cash. Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating brokers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan will automatically receive their distributions in cash unless they elect to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional |
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Common Shares. If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that you own will be automatically invested in additional Common Shares. The purchase price for shares purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the most recent NAV per share for such shares as of the first calendar day of the month (the Purchase Date) following the record date of the distribution. Shareholders will not pay upfront selling commissions when purchasing shares under our distribution reinvestment plan; however, all shares, including those purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan, will be subject to ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees. Participants may terminate their participation in the distribution reinvestment plan by providing written notice to the Plan Administrator (defined below) five business days in advance of the first calendar day of the next month in order for a shareholders termination to be effective for such month. See Description of Our Shares and Distribution Reinvestment Plan. |
Q: | Can I request that my shares be repurchased? |
A: | Yes, subject to limitations. We have commenced a share repurchase program in which we intend to offer to repurchase, in each quarter, up to 5% of our Common Shares outstanding (either by number of shares or aggregate NAV) as of the close of the previous calendar quarter. Our Board of Trustees may amend or suspend the share repurchase program at any time if it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our shareholders. For example, in accordance with our Board of Trustees fiduciary duty to the Fund and shareholders, it may amend or suspend the share repurchase program during periods of market dislocation where selling assets to fund a repurchase could have a materially negative impact on remaining shareholders. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each quarter. Following any such suspension, the Board of Trustees will consider on at least a quarterly basis whether the continued suspension of the share repurchase program is in the best interest of the Fund and shareholders, and will reinstate the share repurchase program when and if appropriate and subject to its fiduciary duty to the Fund and shareholders. |
We intend to conduct repurchase offers under the share repurchase program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act and the Investment Company Act. All shares purchased by us pursuant to the terms of each tender offer will be retired and thereafter will be authorized and unissued shares.
Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter pursuant to a tender offer, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers at the expiration of the tender offer (the Repurchase Date) at a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last calendar day of the applicable quarter, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be subject to an early repurchase deduction of 2% of such NAV (an Early Repurchase Deduction). The one-year holding period will be deemed satisfied if the shares to be repurchased would have been outstanding for one year or longer as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
In the event the amount of shares tendered exceeds the repurchase offer amount, shares will be repurchased on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted in the next quarterly tender offer, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase program, as applicable.
The majority of our assets will consist of instruments that cannot generally be readily liquidated without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not always have sufficient liquid resources to make repurchase offers. In order to provide liquidity for share repurchases, we intend to generally maintain under normal circumstances an allocation to syndicated loans and other liquid investments. We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we
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have not established any limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. Should making repurchase offers, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in originated loans or other illiquid investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Fund as a whole, then we may choose to offer to repurchase fewer shares than described above, or none at all. See Share Repurchase Program.
Q: | What is a business development company, or BDC? |
A: | A BDC is a closed-end investment company that has made an election with the SEC to be subject to certain restrictions applicable to investment companies under the Investment Company Act. As a BDC, at least 70% of our assets must be the type of qualifying assets listed in Section 55(a) of the Investment Company Act, as described in this prospectus, which are generally privately-offered securities issued by U.S. private or thinly-traded companies. We may also invest up to 30% of our portfolio opportunistically in non-qualifying portfolio investments, such as investments in non-U.S. companies. See Investment Objective and Strategies Regulation as a BDC. |
Q: | What is a regulated investment company, or RIC? |
A: | We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company (a RIC) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). |
In general, a RIC is a company that:
| is a BDC or registered investment company that combines the capital of many investors to acquire securities; |
| offers the benefits of a securities portfolio under professional management; |
| satisfies various requirements of the Code, including an asset diversification requirement; and |
| is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes on its net taxable income that it currently distributes to its shareholders, which substantially eliminates the double taxation (i.e., taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from investments in a C corporation. |
Q: | What is a non-exchange traded, perpetual-life BDC? |
A: | A non-exchange traded BDC is a BDC whose shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market. We use the term perpetual-life BDC to describe an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose Common Shares are intended to be sold by the BDC monthly on a continuous basis at a price generally equal to the BDCs monthly NAV per share. In our perpetual-life structure, we may offer investors an opportunity to repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any in any particular quarter in our discretion. We believe that our perpetual nature enables us to execute a patient and opportunistic strategy and be able to invest across different market environments. This may reduce the risk of the Fund being a forced seller of assets in market downturns compared to non-perpetual BDCs. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. A liquidity event includes, but is not limited to, the receipt by shareholders of non-listed equity securities. |
Q: | Will I be notified of how my investment is doing? |
A: | Yes. We will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment with us, including: |
| three quarterly financial reports and investor statements; |
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| an annual report; |
| in the case of certain U.S. shareholders, an annual Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 1099-DIV or IRS Form 1099-B, if required, and, in the case of non-U.S. shareholders, an annual IRS Form 1042-S; |
| confirmation statements (after transactions affecting your balance, except reinvestment of distributions in us and certain transactions through minimum account investment or withdrawal programs); and |
| a quarterly statement providing material information regarding your participation in the distribution reinvestment plan and an annual statement providing tax information with respect to income earned on shares under the distribution reinvestment plan for the calendar year. |
Depending on legal requirements, we may post this information on our website, https://www.osc.brookfieldoaktree.com, when available, or provide this information to you via U.S. mail or other courier, electronic delivery, or some combination of the foregoing. Information about us will also be available on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, our monthly NAV per share is posted on our website promptly after it has become available.
Q: | What fees do you pay to the Adviser? |
A: | We have entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Adviser (as amended and restated, the Investment Advisory Agreement). We pay the Adviser a fee for its services under the Investment Advisory Agreement consisting of two components: a management fee and an incentive fee. |
| The management fee is payable monthly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month. The Adviser waived its management fee through November 2022, the first six months following the Escrow Break Date. Substantial additional fees and expenses may also be charged by the Administrator (as defined below) to the Fund, which is an affiliate of the Adviser. |
| The incentive fee consists of two components as follows: |
| The first part of the incentive fee is based on income, whereby we will pay the Adviser quarterly in arrears 12.5% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (as defined below) for each calendar quarter subject to a 5.0% annualized hurdle rate, with a catch-up that, if achieved, is meant to provide the Adviser with approximately 12.5% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if the hurdle rate did not apply. The Adviser waived the incentive fee based on income through November 2022, the first six months following the Escrow Break Date. |
| The second part of the incentive fee is based on realized capital gains, whereby we will pay the Adviser at the end of each fiscal year in arrears 12.5% of cumulative realized capital gains from inception through the end of such fiscal year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. |
See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administrative Agreement and Expense Support Agreement.
Q: | Who administers the Fund? |
A: | Oaktree Fund Administration, LLC, as our administrator (the Administrator), provides, or oversees the performance of, administrative and compliance services. We reimburse the Administrator for its costs, expenses and the Funds allocable portion of compensation of the Administrators personnel and the Administrators overhead (including rent, office equipment and utilities) and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its administrative obligations under the administration agreement (as amended and restated, the Administration Agreement). See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support AgreementAdministration Agreement. |
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Q: | What are the offering and servicing costs? |
A: | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information. |
Subject to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) limitations on underwriting compensation, we will pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Distribution Manager: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. No shareholder servicing or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are similar to sales commissions. The distribution and servicing expenses borne by the participating brokers may be different from and substantially less than the amount of shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees charged. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be payable to the Distribution Manager, but the Distribution Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating brokers. All or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee may be used to pay for sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services. The Fund also may pay for these sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services outside of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees and its Distribution and Servicing Plan. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will also pay or reimburse certain organization and offering expenses, including, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, certain wholesaling expenses. See Plan of Distribution and Use of Proceeds. The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering.
The Adviser advanced all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf (including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses and other offering expenses, including costs associated with technology integration between the Funds systems and those of our participating brokers, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating brokers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials and other marketing expenses, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our escrow agent and transfer agent, fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating brokers and costs, expenses and reimbursements for travel, meals, accommodations, entertainment and other similar expenses related to meetings or events with prospective investors, brokers, registered investment advisors or financial or other advisors, but excluding the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee) through the Escrow Break Date. Unless the Adviser elects to cover such expenses pursuant to the Expense Support and Conditional Reimbursement Agreement we have entered into with the Adviser (the Expense Support Agreement), we are obligated to reimburse the Adviser for such advanced expenses as of the Escrow Break Date. As of September 30, 2022, the Adviser had advanced $1.6 million to the Fund under the Expense Support Agreement. For additional information about the Expense Support Agreement, see Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support AgreementExpense Support Agreement.
Q: | What are your operating expenses? |
A: | We incur operating expenses in the form of our management and incentive fees, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, interest expense on our borrowings and other expenses, including the expenses we pay to our Administrator. See Fees and Expenses. |
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Q: | What are your policies related to conflicts of interest with Oaktree and its affiliates? |
A: | The Adviser and its affiliates will be subject to certain conflicts of interest with respect to the services the Adviser and the Administrator provide for us. These conflicts will arise primarily from the involvement of Oaktree in other activities that may conflict with our activities. You should be aware that individual conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of our interest. |
| Conflicting Activities. In the ordinary course of its business activities, Oaktree will engage in activities where the interests of certain investment groups within Oaktree or the interests of its clients will conflict with the interests of the shareholders in the Fund. Other present and future activities of Oaktree will give rise to additional conflicts of interest. In the event that a conflict of interest arises, the Adviser will attempt to resolve such conflict in a fair and equitable manner. Subject to applicable law, including the Investment Company Act, and the Board of Trustees oversight, the Adviser will have the power to resolve, or consent to the resolution of, conflicts of interest on behalf of the Fund. Investors should be aware that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the Funds interests. In addition, the Adviser may in certain situations choose to consult with or obtain the consent of the Board of Trustees with respect to any specific conflict of interest, including with respect to the approvals required under the Investment Company Act, including Section 57(f), and the Advisers Act. The Fund may enter into joint transactions or cross- trades with clients or affiliates of the Adviser to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act, the Advisers Act and any applicable co-investment order from the SEC. Subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act, the Fund may invest in loans or other securities, the proceeds of which may refinance or otherwise repay debt or securities of companies whose debt or equity is owned by other Oaktree funds. |
| Fund Co-Investment Opportunities. As a BDC regulated under the Investment Company Act, the Fund is subject to certain limitations relating to co-investments and joint transactions with affiliates, which likely will in certain circumstances limit the Funds ability to make investments or enter into other transactions alongside the Other Oaktree Funds. There can be no assurance that such regulatory restrictions will not adversely affect the Funds ability to capitalize on attractive investment opportunities. However, subject to the Investment Company Act and any applicable co-investment order issued by the SEC, the Fund may co- invest with Other Oaktree Funds (including co-investment or other vehicles in which Oaktree or its personnel invest and that co-invest with such Other Oaktree Funds) in investments that are suitable for the Fund and one or more of such Other Oaktree Funds. Even if the Fund and any such Other Oaktree Funds and/or co-investment or other vehicles invest in the same securities, conflicts of interest may still arise. |
We have in the past co-invested, and in the future may co-invest, with certain affiliates of the Adviser. The Adviser has received exemptive relief from the SEC to allow certain managed funds and accounts, each of whose investment adviser is the Adviser or an investment adviser controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser, to participate in negotiated co-investment transactions where doing so is consistent with the applicable registered funds or BDCs investment objective and strategies as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, and pursuant to the conditions of the SEC order. Such order may restrict our ability to enter into follow-on investments or other transactions. Pursuant to such order, we may co-invest in a negotiated deal with certain affiliates of the Adviser or certain funds managed and controlled by the Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions. We may also receive an allocation in such a deal alongside affiliates pursuant to other mechanisms to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act.
| Other Affiliate Transactions and Investments in Different Levels of Capital Structure. From time to time, the Fund and the Other Oaktree Funds may make investments at different levels of an issuers capital structure or otherwise in different classes of an issuers securities or loans, subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act. Such investments may inherently give rise to conflicts of interest or perceived conflicts of interest between or among the various classes of securities or loans that may be held by such entities. To the extent the Fund holds securities or loans that are different |
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(including with respect to their relative seniority) than those held by Other Oaktree Funds, the Adviser and its affiliates may be presented with decisions when the interests of the funds are in conflict. |
Further, the Fund is prohibited under the Investment Company Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of its affiliates (including certain portfolio companies of Other Oaktree Funds) without the prior approval of a majority of the independent members of the Board of Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund will be an affiliate of the Fund for purposes of the Investment Company Act and generally the Fund will be prohibited from buying or selling any securities from, or to, such affiliate, absent the prior approval of the Board of Trustees. However, the Fund may under certain circumstances purchase any such affiliates loans or securities in the secondary market, which could create a conflict for the Adviser between the Funds interests and the interests of such affiliate, in that the ability of the Adviser to recommend actions in the Funds best interest may be limited. The Investment Company Act also prohibits certain joint transactions with certain affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or closely related times), without prior approval of the Board of Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC.
In addition, conflicts may arise in determining the amount of an investment, if any, to be allocated among potential investors and the respective terms thereof. There can be no assurance that any conflict will be resolved in favor of the Fund, and each shareholder acknowledges and agrees that in some cases, subject to applicable law, a decision by Oaktree to take any particular action could have the effect of benefiting an Other Oaktree Fund (and, incidentally, may also have the effect of benefiting Oaktree) and therefore may not have been in the best interests of, and may be adverse to, the Fund. There can be no assurance that the return on the Funds investment will be equivalent to or better than the returns obtained by the Other Oaktree Funds participating in the transaction. The shareholders will not receive any benefit from fees paid to any affiliate of the Adviser from a portfolio company in which an Other Oaktree Fund also has an interest to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act.
| Other Oaktree Funds; Allocation of Investment Opportunities. Certain inherent conflicts of interest arise from the fact that the Adviser and Oaktree provide investment management, advisory and sub-advisory services to the Fund and Other Oaktree Funds. Oaktree will share any investment and sale opportunities with such Other Oaktree Funds and the Fund in accordance with the Advisers Act, and Oaktrees allocation policies, which generally provide for sharing pro rata based on investments held by the respective funds and the amount of capital available for such investment in the respective funds. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Oaktree may also consider a number of factors in making any allocation determinations, and such factors may result in a different allocation of investment and/or sale opportunities. See Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities for a discussion of the factors Oaktree will consider in determining prudent or equitable allocations of investment opportunities. |
In addition, as noted above, the Adviser has received Exemptive Relief from the SEC to allow certain managed funds and accounts, each of whose investment adviser is the Adviser or an investment adviser controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser, as well as certain Oaktree proprietary accounts, to participate in negotiated co-investment transactions where doing so is consistent with the applicable registered funds or business development companys investment objective and strategies as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, and pursuant to the conditions thereof. Each potential co-investment opportunity that falls under the terms of the Exemptive Relief and is appropriate for the Fund and any affiliated fund or account, and that satisfies the Board Criteria, will be offered to the Fund and such other eligible funds and accounts. If there is a sufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated among the participants in accordance with their proposed order size, and if there is an insufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the investment proposed by the applicable investment adviser to such participant, up to the amount proposed to be
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invested by each, which is reviewed and approved by an independent committee of legal, compliance and accounting professionals at the Adviser.
The foregoing list of conflicts does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the actual and potential conflicts involved in an investment in the Fund, but does reflect all material conflicts known to the Fund as of the date of this prospectus. Prospective investors should read the Funds offering documents and consult with their own advisors before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Funds investment program develops and changes over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to additional and different actual and potential conflicts. Although the various conflicts discussed in this prospectus are generally described separately, prospective investors should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple conflicts.
See Potential Conflicts of Interest for additional information about conflicts of interest that could impact the Fund.
Q: | What is the impact of being an emerging growth company? |
A: | We are an emerging growth company, as defined by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to: |
| have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley Act); |
| submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes pursuant to the say on frequency and say on pay provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the say on golden parachute provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; or |
| disclose certain executive compensation related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officers compensation to median employee compensation. |
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.
We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.
We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. We have elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards available to emerging growth companies. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Adviser or its affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an
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executive officer of the Adviser, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek shareholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.
Q: | When will I get my detailed tax information? |
A: | In the case of certain U.S. shareholders, we expect your IRS Form 1099-DIV tax information, if required, to be mailed by January 31 of each year. |
Q: | Who can help answer my questions? |
A: | If you have more questions about this offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your financial adviser or our transfer agent: SS&C GIDS, Inc. (formerly known as DST Systems, Inc.). |
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The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in Common Shares will bear, directly or indirectly. Other expenses are estimated and may vary. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown.
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class I Shares |
||||||||||
Shareholder transaction expenses (fees paid directly from your investment) |
||||||||||||
Maximum sales load(1) |
| % | | % | | % | ||||||
Maximum Early Repurchase Deduction(2) |
2.0 | % | 2.0 | % | 2.0 | % | ||||||
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class I Shares |
||||||||||
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to our Common Shares)(3) |
||||||||||||
Base management fees(4) |
1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | ||||||
Incentive fees(5) |
| % | | % | | % | ||||||
Shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees(6) |
0.85 | % | 0.25 | % | | % | ||||||
Interest payment on borrowed funds(7) |
4.86 | % | 4.86 | % | 4.86 | % | ||||||
Other expenses(8) |
2.32 | % | 2.32 | % | 2.32 | % | ||||||
Total annual expenses |
9.28 | % | 8.68 | % | 8.43 | % |
(1) | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information. |
(2) | Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter pursuant to a tender offer, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers on or around the last business day of that quarter at a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last calendar day of the applicable quarter, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be subject to an Early Repurchase Deduction. The one-year holding period will be deemed satisfied if the shares to be repurchased would have been outstanding for one year or longer as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders. |
(3) | Total net assets as of September 30, 2022 employed as the denominator for expense ratio computation is $366.7 million. |
(4) | The base management fee paid to our Adviser is calculated each month at an annual rate of 1.25% on of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the applicable month. |
(5) | We may have capital gains and investment income that could result in the payment of an incentive fee. The incentive fees, if any, are divided into two parts: |
| The first part of the incentive fee is based on income, whereby we will pay the Adviser quarterly in arrears 12.5% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income (as defined below) for each calendar quarter subject to a 5.0% annualized hurdle rate, with a catch-up that, if achieved, is meant to provide the Adviser with approximately 12.5% of our Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income as if the hurdle rate did not apply. Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash, and |
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excludes the incentive fee and any shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees payable by the Class S Shares and the Class D Shares. As a result, for any calendar quarter, the incentive fee attributable to Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income that is paid to the Adviser may be calculated on the basis of an amount that is greater than the amount of net investment income actually received by the Fund for such calendar quarter. |
| The second part of the incentive fee is based on realized capital gains, whereby we will pay the Adviser at the end of each fiscal year in arrears 12.5% of cumulative realized capital gains from inception through the end of such fiscal year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid incentive fee on capital gains. The payment obligation with respect to incentive fees based on realized capital gains will be allocated in the same manner across the Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. |
As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed no incentive fee for this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. If we achieved an annualized total return of 5% for each quarter made up entirely of net investment income, no incentive fees would be payable to the Adviser because the hurdle rate was not exceeded. If instead we achieved a total return of 5% in a fiscal year made up of entirely realized capital gains net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation, an incentive fee equal to 0.63% of our net assets would be payable. See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support Agreement for more information concerning the incentive fees.
(6) | Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, which are similar to sales commissions, to the Distribution Manager: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares only, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are similar to sales commissions. The distribution and servicing expenses borne by participating brokers may be different from and substantially less than the amount of shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees charged. The Distribution Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to participating brokers and servicing brokers for ongoing shareholder services performed by such brokers, and will waive shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the extent a broker is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services. All or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee may be used to pay for sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services. The Fund may also pay for the sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services outside of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees and its Distribution and Servicing Plan. No shareholder servicing or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, consistent with exemptive relief allowing us to offer multiple classes of shares, at the end of the month in which the Distribution Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid with respect to the shares held in a shareholders account would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (or a lower |
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limit as determined by the Distribution Manager or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares in such shareholders account. Compensation paid with respect to the shares in a shareholders account will be allocated among each share such that the compensation paid with respect to each individual share will not exceed 10% of the offering price of such share. We may modify this requirement in a manner that is consistent with applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S shares or Class D shares in such shareholders account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S or Class D shares. See Plan of Distribution and Use of Proceeds. The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering. |
(7) | We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this continuous offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by shareholders. The figure in the table assumes that we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 92.5% of our net assets as of September 30, 2022, and that the average annual cost of borrowings, including the amortization of cost associated with obtaining borrowings and unused commitment fees, on the amount borrowed is 5.25%, which is the approximate cost of borrowings at September 30, 2022. Our ability to incur leverage depends, in large part, on the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering and the availability of financing in the market. |
(8) | Other expenses include accounting, legal and auditing fees, reimbursement of expenses to our Administrator, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to our Trustees, as discussed in Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support AgreementExpenses. The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the 2023 fiscal year. Organizational and offering costs represent approximately 1.4% of other expenses as a percentage of our net assets at September 30, 2022. |
Example: We have provided an example of the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical $1,000 investment in each class of our Common Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that: (1) our annual operating expenses and offering expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above, except to reduce annual expenses upon completion of organization and offering expenses, (2) the annual return before fees and expenses is 5.0%, (3) the net return after payment of fees and expenses is distributed to shareholders and reinvested at NAV and (4) your financial intermediary does not directly charge you transaction or other fees.
Class S shares
Return Assumption | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income: |
$ | 92 | $ | 249 | $ | 401 | $ | 755 | ||||||||
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains: |
$ | 98 | $ | 266 | $ | 426 | $ | 793 |
Class D shares
Return Assumption | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income: |
$ | 86 | $ | 233 | $ | 375 | $ | 712 | ||||||||
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains: |
$ | 92 | $ | 249 | $ | 401 | $ | 752 |
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Class I shares
Return Assumption | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income: |
$ | 84 | $ | 226 | $ | 365 | $ | 693 | ||||||||
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains: |
$ | 90 | $ | 243 | $ | 390 | $ | 734 |
While the examples assume a 5.0% annual return on investment before fees and expenses, our performance will vary and may result in an annual return that is greater or less than this. These examples should not be considered a representation of your future expenses. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments to trigger a quarterly incentive fee on income and/or if we achieve net realized capital gains in excess of 5.0%, both our returns to our shareholders and our expenses would be higher. See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support Agreement for information concerning incentive fees.
We have entered into an Expense Support Agreement with the Adviser. The Adviser may elect to pay certain of our expenses on our behalf, including organization and offering expenses, provided that no portion of the payment will be used to pay any interest expense or distribution and/or shareholder servicing fees of the Fund. Any Expense Payment that the Adviser has committed to pay must be paid by the Adviser to us in any combination of cash or other immediately available funds no later than forty-five days after such commitment was made in writing, and/or offset against amounts due from us to the Adviser or its affiliates. If the Adviser elects to pay certain of our expenses, the Adviser will be entitled to reimbursement of such expenses from us if Available Operating Funds (as defined below) exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Funds shareholders. Following any calendar month in which Available Operating Funds exceed the cumulative distributions accrued to the Funds shareholders based on distributions declared with respect to record dates occurring in such calendar month, we will pay the amount of such excess, or a portion thereof, to the Adviser until such time as all Expense Payments made by the Adviser to the Fund within three years prior to the last business day of such calendar month have been reimbursed. See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support AgreementExpense Support Agreement for additional information regarding the Expense Support Agreement. Because the Advisers obligation to pay certain of our expenses is voluntary, the table above does not reflect the impact of any expense support from the Adviser. As of September 30, 2022, the Adviser had advanced $1.6 million to the Fund under the Expense Support Agreement.
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The following table of financial highlights is intended to help a prospective investor understand the Funds financial performance for the period shown. You should read these financial highlights in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this prospectus.
The financial data set forth in the following table for the period ended September 30, 2022 has been audited and is included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You can review the report of our independent registered accounting firm included with our audited consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this prospectus.
For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 |
||||||||
Class I | Class S(7) | |||||||
Net asset value at beginning of period |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Capital contribution |
25.00 | 23.71 | ||||||
Net investment income (1) |
1.37 | 0.46 | ||||||
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) (1)(2) |
(2.07 | ) | (0.25 | ) | ||||
Net realized gains (losses) (1) |
0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||
(Provision) benefit for taxes on realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1) |
(0.02 | ) | (0.01 | ) | ||||
Distributions of net investment income to shareholders |
(0.82 | ) | (0.45 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net asset value at end of period |
$ | 23.47 | $ | 23.47 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total return (3) |
(2.91 | )% | 0.87 | % | ||||
Common shares outstanding at beginning of the period or the commencement date |
1,000 | | ||||||
Common shares outstanding at end of period |
13,040 | 2,588 | ||||||
Net assets at the beginning of the period or the commencement date |
$ | 25,000 | $ | | ||||
Net assets at end of period |
$ | 305,989 | $ | 60,738 | ||||
Average net assets (4) |
$ | 160,162 | $ | 42,587 | ||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets (5) |
5.72 | % | 1.93 | % | ||||
Ratio of total expenses to average net assets (5)(8) |
4.47 | % | 1.61 | % | ||||
Ratio of net expenses to average net assets (5) |
2.37 | % | 0.80 | % | ||||
Ratio of portfolio turnover to average investments at fair value (5) |
20.48 | % | 20.48 | % | ||||
Weighted average outstanding debt |
$ | 53,565 | $ | 53,565 | ||||
Average debt per share (1) |
$ | 7.39 | $ | 7.39 | ||||
Asset coverage ratio (6) |
588.97 | % | 588.97 | % |
(1) | Calculated based upon weighted average shares outstanding for the period. |
(2) | The amount shown does not correspond with the net unrealized appreciation on investments for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 as it includes the effect of the timing of equity issuances. |
(3) | Total return is calculated as the change in NAV per share during the period, plus distributions per share or capital activity, if any, divided by the beginning NAV per share, assuming a dividend reinvestment price equal to the NAV per share at the beginning of the period. |
(4) | Calculated based upon the weighted average net assets for the period. |
(5) | Financial results for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 have not been annualized for purposes of this ratio. |
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(6) | Based on outstanding senior securities of $75.0 million as of September 30, 2022. |
(7) | Class S shares commenced on July 1, 2022. |
(8) | Total expenses to average net assets is prior to management fee waivers and expense support provided by the Adviser. |
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Investing in our Common Shares involves a number of significant risks. The following information is a discussion of the material risk factors associated with an investment in our Common Shares specifically, as well as those factors generally associated with an investment in a company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or traders markets similar to ours. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our Common Shares. The risks below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us may also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such cases, the NAV of our Common Shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Market, Legal and Regulatory Risks
The outbreak of the epidemics/pandemics could adversely affect the performance of our investments.
Certain countries have been susceptible to epidemics/pandemics, most recently COVID-19. The outbreak of such epidemics/pandemics, together with any resulting restrictions on travel or quarantines imposed, has had and will continue to have a negative impact on the economy and business activity globally (including in the countries in which the Fund invests), and thereby is expected to adversely affect the performance of the Funds investments. Furthermore, the rapid development of epidemics/pandemics could preclude prediction as to their ultimate adverse impact on economic and market conditions, and, as a result, presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Fund and the performance of its investments.
We are subject to regulatory oversight and requirements that restrict our activities and increase our cost of doing business.
The Investment Company Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs and RICs that do not apply to other types of investment vehicles. For example, under the Investment Company Act, BDCs are required to invest at least 70% of their total assets in Qualifying Assets, primarily in private U.S. companies or thinly traded U.S. public companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. In addition, in order to qualify as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are required to meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. These constraints, among others, may hinder our ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and to achieve our investment objective. See Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.
Furthermore, any failure to comply with the requirements imposed on BDCs by the Investment Company Act could cause the SEC to bring an enforcement action against the Fund and/or expose the Fund to claims of private litigants. In addition, upon approval of a majority of our outstanding voting securities as required by the Investment Company Act, we may elect to withdraw our status as a BDC. If we decide to withdraw such election, or if we otherwise fails to qualify, or maintain our qualification as a BDC, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act, which would subject us to additional regulatory restrictions, significantly decrease our operating flexibility and could significantly increase our cost of doing business. In addition, any such failure could cause an event of default under future outstanding indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Certain investments we make may result in reporting and compliance obligations under the applicable regulations of the various jurisdictions in which we make investments. In addition, certain investments we make may subject us and certain of our portfolio companies to a varied and complex body of energy and environmental regulations that both public officials and private individuals may seek to enforce. The costs of compliance will be borne by
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the Fund. In addition, our investments are or may become subject to regulation by various agencies within or outside the United States. New and existing regulations, changing regulatory schemes and the burdens of regulatory compliance all may have a material negative impact on our performance. Oaktree cannot predict whether new legislation or regulation will be enacted by legislative bodies or governmental agencies, nor can it predict what effect such legislation or regulation might have. There can be no assurance that new legislation or regulation, including changes to existing laws and regulations, will not have a material negative impact on our investment performance.
We are an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.
We are an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act. As a result, we have taken advantage of the exemption for emerging growth companies allowing us to temporarily forgo the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot predict if prospective investors will find the Common Shares less attractive because we rely on this exemption. If some prospective investors find the Common Shares less attractive as a result, there may be less of an interest in investing. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of an initial public offering, (ii) in which the Fund has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (iii) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of the equity securities that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the prior second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.
We are subject to additional risks as a result of being regulated as a BDC and taxed as a RIC.
To qualify for the tax benefits available to RICs and to minimize corporate-level U.S. federal income taxes, we intend to distribute to shareholders at least 90% of our taxable income each tax year, except that we may retain some or all of our net capital gains, and to designate the retained amount as a deemed distribution. In that case, among other consequences, we will pay corporate-level tax on the retained amount, each U.S. shareholder will be required to include its share of the deemed distribution in income as if it had been actually distributed to the shareholder, and the shareholder will be entitled to claim a credit or refund equal to its allocable share of the corporate-level tax we pay on the retained capital gain. The amount of the deemed distribution net of such tax will be added to the shareholders cost basis for its Common Shares.
As a BDC, we may issue senior securities, including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions so long as we meet an asset coverage ratio, as calculated as provided in the Investment Company Act, of at least 150%, after such incurrence or issuance. These requirements limit the amount that we may borrow, may unfavorably limit our investment opportunities and may reduce our ability in comparison to other companies to profit from favorable spreads between the rates at which we can borrow and the rates at which we can lend. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy the asset coverage test, which could prohibit us from paying distributions and could prevent us from being subject to tax as a RIC. If we cannot satisfy the asset coverage test, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our debt financing, if any, repay a portion of such indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous.
Because we will continue to need capital to grow our investment portfolio, these limitations may prevent us from incurring debt and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. We generally are not able to issue or sell Common Shares at a price below the then-current NAV per Common Share, which may be a disadvantage as compared with other public companies or private investment funds.
If we raise additional funds by issuing more Common Shares or issuing senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, Common Shares, the percentage ownership of then-existing shareholders may decline at that
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time and such shareholders may experience dilution with respect to their percentage ownership. Moreover, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to issue and sell additional equity securities in the future, on terms favorable to the Fund or at all.
In addition, we may in the future seek to securitize our portfolio securities to generate cash for funding new investments. To securitize loans, we would likely create a wholly owned subsidiary and contribute a pool of loans to the subsidiary. We would then sell interests in the subsidiary on a non-recourse basis to purchasers and would retain all or a portion of the equity in the subsidiary. An inability to successfully securitize our loan portfolio could limit our ability to grow our business or fully execute our business strategy and may decrease our earnings, if any. The securitization market is subject to changing market conditions and we may not be able to access this market when we would otherwise deem appropriate. Moreover, the successful securitization of our portfolio might expose us to losses as the residual investments in which we do not sell interests will tend to be those that are riskier and more apt to generate losses. The Investment Company Act also may impose restrictions on the structure of any securitization.
The Fund is not registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a commodity pool operator but may be required to do so in the future.
To the extent we acquire instruments which are commodity interests, we, the Adviser or another entity involved with the Adviser could be required to register with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator in connection with the Funds acquisition of such commodity interests. We anticipate entering into commodity interest transactions, if at all, to a very limited extent solely for hedging purposes or otherwise within the limitations of the applicable CFTC regulations. Accordingly, the Adviser intends to operate the Fund in a manner that will permit the Adviser to rely on an exemption or exclusion from the registration requirements applicable to commodity pool operators and will not be required to deliver a CFTC compliant disclosure document to prospective investors, nor will it be required to provide shareholders with periodic account statements or certified annual reports that satisfy the requirements of CFTC rules that are generally applicable to registered commodity pool operators.
It is possible that, in connection any future strategic transaction or transactions we may enter into, the Adviser may not be able to operate the Fund in a manner that will permit the Adviser to rely on an exemption or exclusion from the registration requirements applicable to commodity pool operators. Under these circumstances, the Adviser would be required to comply with disclosure, reporting, recordkeeping and other regulatory requirements applicable to registered commodity pool operators under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act and the CFTC rules.
Existing and future financial reform legislation applicable to alternative asset managers and financial institutions more generally could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may adversely affect the Fund at any time. The legal, tax and regulatory environment for funds that invest in alternative investments is evolving, and changes in the regulation and market perception of such funds, including changes to existing laws and regulations and interpretations thereof and increased criticism of the private equity and alternative asset industry by some politicians, regulators and market commentators, may adversely affect our ability to pursue our investment strategy, our ability to obtain leverage and financing and the value of investments we hold. In recent years, market disruptions and the dramatic increase in the capital allocated to alternative investment strategies have led to increased governmental as well as self-regulatory scrutiny of the alternative investment fund industry in general, and certain legislation proposing greater regulation of the industry periodically is considered by the governing bodies of both U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions (including the European Union (EU)). It is impossible to predict what, if any, changes may be instituted with respect to the regulations applicable to us, the Adviser, Oaktree, their respective affiliates, the markets in which we and they trade and invest, the shareholders or the counterparties with which we and they do business, or what effect such legislation or regulations might have. There can be no assurance that we, the Adviser, Oaktree or our or their respective affiliates will be able, for financial reasons or otherwise, to comply
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with future laws and regulations, and any regulations that restrict our ability to implement our investment strategy could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio. To the extent that we or our investments are or may become subject to regulation by various agencies in the United States, Europe (including the U.K.) or other countries, the costs of compliance will be borne by us.
Furthermore, the securities, swaps and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, the CFTC, other regulators and SROs and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies, and retain the right to suspend or limit trading in securities, which could expose the Fund to losses. The effect of any future regulatory change on us could be substantial and adverse.
Finally, the SEC and other various U.S. federal, state and local agencies may conduct examinations and inquiries into, and bring enforcement and other proceedings against, the Fund, the Adviser, Oaktree or their respective affiliates. We, the Adviser, Oaktree or their respective affiliates may receive requests for information or subpoenas from the SEC and other state, federal and non-U.S. regulators (as well as from SROs and exchanges) from time to time in connection with such inquiries and proceedings and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. These requests may relate to a broad range of matters, including specific practices of the Adviser, Oaktree, the securities in which Oaktree invests on behalf of its clients or industry-wide practices. The costs of any such increased reporting, registration and compliance requirements may be borne by the Fund and may furthermore place the Fund at a competitive disadvantage to the extent that Oaktree or portfolio companies are required to disclose sensitive business information.
General economic conditions in the Eurozone could adversely affect our ability to make investment in Europe and the performance of any existing investments in Europe.
There are significant and persistent concerns regarding the debt burden of certain Eurozone countries and their ability to meet future financial obligations, the overall stability of the Euro and the suitability of the Euro to function as a single currency given the diverse economic and political circumstances in individual Eurozone countries. The risks and prevalent concerns about a credit crisis in Europe could have a detrimental impact on global economic recovery, as well as on sovereign and non-sovereign debt in the Eurozone countries. There can be no assurance that the market disruptions in Europe will not spread to other countries, nor can there be any assurance that future assistance packages will be available or, even if provided, will be sufficient to stabilize affected countries and markets in Europe or elsewhere. These and other concerns could lead to the re-introduction of individual currencies in one or more Eurozone countries, or, in more extreme circumstances, the possible dissolution of the Euro entirely. Should the Euro dissolve entirely, the legal and contractual consequences with respect to the Fund, our investments in Europe and the shareholders could be determined by laws in effect at such time. These potential developments could negatively impact our ability to make investments in Europe, the value of our investments in Europe and the general availability and cost of financing permitted investments.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to regulations related to privacy, data protection and information securities, and any failure to comply with these requirements could result in fines, sanctions or other penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our reputation.
Compliance with current and future privacy, data protection and information security laws could significantly impact current and planned privacy and information security related practices, the collection, use, sharing, retention and safeguarding of personal data and some of our current and planned business activities and as such could increase our costs or costs incurred by our portfolio companies. A failure to comply with such laws and regulation could result in fines, sanctions or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our of operations and overall business, as well as have an adverse impact on our reputation.
Portfolio companies are also subject to regulations related to privacy, data protection and information security in the jurisdictions in which they operate. As privacy, data protection and information security laws are
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implemented, interpreted and applied, compliance costs may increase, particularly in the context of ensuring that adequate data protection and data transfer mechanisms are in place.
On January 1, 2020, many companies doing business in California (regardless of their physical location) became subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the CCPA), which imposes a number of obligations related to the privacy of natural persons who are California residents (or consumers). Though this law will have the biggest impact on consumer-focused businesses, the CCPA also has implications for private fund managers, including Oaktree and the Adviser.
We may be held jointly and severally liable for any fine imposed on a portfolio company under EU competition laws.
Under EU competition law, the parent company of a group or holding companies that hold one or more portfolio companies may be held jointly and severally liable for the anticompetitive conduct of another entity where they formed part of a single economic unit during the period of the infringement. For that to be the case, such parent or holding company must have exercised decisive influence over the conduct of its subsidiary on the market at the time. Such parental liability may be imputed to Oaktree, the Adviser or us with respect to an investment in a portfolio company. In a recent decision, the European Commission imposed a fine jointly and severally on a private equity owner for an antitrust infringement by its former portfolio company. If a current or former portfolio company of ours were to be investigated and ultimately fined by the European Commission for breach of EU competition law, Oaktree, the Adviser or the Fund could be held jointly and severally liable in whole or part for any fine that was imposed, which may have a material adverse effect on us.
MiFID II obligations could have an adverse effect on the ability of Oaktree and its MiFID-authorized EEA affiliates to obtain and research in connection with the provision of an investment service.
The Recast European Union Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments (MiFID II) came into effect on January 3, 2018 and imposes regulatory obligations in respect of providing financial services in the so-called European Economic Area (the EEA) by EEA banks and EEA investment firms providing regulated services (each an Investment Firm). Oaktree is a non-EEA investment manager but can be indirectly affected by MiFID II. MiFID II will, among others, restrict Investment Firms ability to obtain research in connection with the provision of an investment service. For example, Investment Firms providing portfolio management or independent investment advice may purchase investment research only at their own expense or out of specifically dedicated research payment accounts agreed upon with their clients. Research will also have to be unbundled and paid separately from the trading commission. EEA broker-dealers will unbundle research costs and invoice them to Investment Firms separated from dealing commissions.
It is expected that MiFID II will have significant and wide-ranging impacts on the EU financial services sector including asset managers, distributors and the EU securities and derivatives markets, including (i) enhanced investor protection standards, for example, extending product disclosure requirements originally aimed at protecting retail clients only under MiFID II to professional clients and introducing new product governance requirements impacting the design and distribution of financial instruments, (ii) enhanced corporate governance standards, (iii) rules regarding the ability of portfolio management firms to receive and pay for investment research relating to all asset classes, (iv) enhanced regulation of algorithmic trading, (v) the movement of trading in certain shares and derivatives onto regulated execution venues, (vi) the extension of pre- and post-trade transparency requirements to wider categories of financial instruments, (vii) restrictions on the use of so-called dark pool trading, (viii) the creation of a new type of trading venue called the Organised Trading Facility for non-equity financial instruments, (ix) commodity derivative position limits and reporting requirements, (x) an enhanced role for ESMA in supervising EU securities and derivatives markets and (xi) new requirements regarding non-EU investment firms access to EU financial markets. Implementation of these measures may have direct and indirect impacts on Oaktree and its affiliates. The extent to which MiFID II will have an indirect impact on markets and market participants outside the EU is unclear and yet to fully play out in practice. It will
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likely impact pricing, liquidity and transparency in most asset classes and certainly impact the research market. Accordingly, it is also difficult to predict the full impact of MiFID II on us, which may include an increase in the ongoing costs borne, directly or indirectly, by us. As a result, MiFID II may adversely affect the returns that investors might otherwise have received from us.
Our sustainability initiatives, specifically relating to environmental, social and governance matters, may impose additional costs and expose us to emerging areas of risk.
Sustainability risk means an environmental, social or governance (ESG) event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or a potential material negative impact on the value of the investment (Sustainability Risk). Before any investment decisions are made on behalf of the Fund, the Adviser identifies the material risks associated with the proposed investment. These risks form part of the overall investment analysis. The Adviser assesses the identified risks alongside other relevant factors. Following its assessment, the Adviser makes investment decisions having regard to our investment policy and objectives, taking into account Sustainability Risks and Oaktrees wider policies and procedures on responsible investing. Sustainability Risk is potentially relevant to the Fund having regard to the types of investments that may be made in accordance with our investment policy and objectives. The Fund is exposed to potential Sustainability Risk as reflected in the paragraphs below. Notwithstanding the above, it is recognized that Sustainability Risk may not be relevant to certain non-core activities undertaken by the Adviser in relation to the Fund (for example, hedging).
Oaktree believes that long-term value will be enhanced by considering Sustainability Risks when investing, promoting ESG awareness, and improving the ESG practices of their investments. As such, the Adviser takes account of Sustainability Risks in its investment decisions on our behalf. However, neither the Adviser nor Oaktree considers the adverse impacts of investment decisions on sustainability factors within the meaning of and in the manner prescribed by the EU Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (2019/2088), because they are mindful that the detailed underlying rules contained in the Regulatory Technical Standards merit a thorough evaluation, including to ascertain the availability of the data set required to be reported. Oaktree will continue to assess its position as the underlying rules are finalized and market practice develops in this area.
While Sustainability Risks are only some of the many factors the Adviser considers in making an investment, there is no guarantee that the Adviser will (a) implement or make investments that create positive sustainability impact while it seeks to enhance long-term shareholder value and achieving financial returns and/or (b) will successfully identify and mitigate all material Sustainability Risks. To the extent that the Adviser engages with underlying investments on sustainability-related practices, potential enhancements and risk mitigants, such steps may not achieve the desired financial results, or the market or society may not view any such changes as desirable. Successful engagement on the part of the Adviser depends on the Advisers skill in properly identifying and analyzing material sustainability and other factors (which may involve qualitative and subjective judgements) and their related value, and there can be no assurance that the strategy or techniques employed will be successful. Considering sustainability qualities when evaluating an investment may result in the selection or exclusion of certain investments based on the Advisers view of certain sustainability-related and other factors and carries the risk that we may underperform compared to other funds that do not take sustainability-related factors into account. In assessing a particular investment, the Adviser may be dependent upon information and data obtained through third parties that may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable. Such data gaps could result in the incorrect assessment of a sustainability practice and/or related Sustainability Risks and opportunities. Sustainability-related practices differ by region, industry and issue and are evolving accordingly, and an investments sustainability-related practices or the Advisers assessment of such practices may change over time. Similarly, new sustainability requirements imposed by jurisdictions in which Oaktree does business and/or in which the Fund is marketed may result in additional compliance costs, disclosure obligations or other implications or restrictions on the Fund or on the Adviser. Under such requirements, the Adviser may be required to classify itself or the Fund against certain criteria, some of which can be open to subjective interpretation. Oaktrees view on the appropriate classification may develop over time, including in response to statutory or regulatory guidance or changes in industry approach to classification. A change to the relevant classification may
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require further actions to be taken, for example it may require further disclosures by the Adviser or the Fund or it may require new processes to be set up to capture data about the Fund or its investments, which may lead to additional cost.
Regulation of derivatives transactions in the United States and other jurisdictions may have a negative impact on the performance of our investments.
Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act establishes a general framework for systemic regulation that has imposed and will impose mandatory clearing, exchange trading and margin requirements on many derivatives transactions. The Dodd-Frank Act also created new categories of regulated market participants, such as swap dealers and security-based swap dealers that are subject to significant new capital, registration, recordkeeping, reporting, disclosure, business conduct and other regulatory requirements, a large number of which have been implemented. This regulatory framework has significantly increased the costs of entering into derivatives transactions for end-users of derivatives, such as us. In particular, new margin requirements and capital charges, even when not directly applicable to us, are expected to increase the pricing of derivatives we transact in. New exchange trading and trade reporting requirements and position limits may lead to changes in the liquidity of derivative transactions, or higher pricing.
Other similar regulations are developing around the world and may increase the Funds cost of doing business even if not directly binding on the Fund.
In addition, the tax environment for derivative instruments and funds is evolving, and changes in the taxation of derivative instruments or funds may adversely affect the value of certain derivatives contracts we enter into and our ability to pursue our investment strategies. There can be no assurance that new legislation or regulation, including changes to existing laws and regulations, will not have a material negative impact on our investment performance.
Compliance with anti-money laundering requirements could require Oaktree and the Adviser to provide to governmental authorities information about the Funds shareholders and could require that a shareholders funds be frozen or that the shareholder withdraw from the Fund.
The Adviser and Oaktree will be authorized, without the consent of any person, including any shareholder, to take such action as the Adviser or Oaktree determines in its sole discretion to be reasonably necessary or advisable to comply, or to cause the Fund to comply, with any applicable laws and regulations, including any anti-money laundering or counter-terrorist financing laws, rules, regulations, directives or special measures. In addition, the Adviser and Oaktree may disclose, without the consent of any person, including any shareholder, to governmental authorities, SROs and financial institutions information concerning the Fund and one or more of the shareholders that the Adviser or Oaktree determines in its sole discretion is necessary or advisable to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including any anti-money laundering or counter-terrorist financing laws or regulations, and each shareholder will be required to provide the Adviser or Oaktree all information that the Adviser or Oaktree determines in its sole discretion to be advisable or necessary to comply with such laws and regulations. The Adviser may be required by applicable law to freeze a shareholders funds or cause such shareholder to withdraw or compulsorily withdraw such shareholder from the Fund.
Economic and trade sanctions and anti-bribery laws could make it more difficult or costly for us to conduct our operations or achieve our business objectives.
Economic and trade sanctions laws in the United States and other jurisdictions may prohibit Oaktree, the Investment Professionals and us from transacting with or in certain countries and with certain individuals and companies. In the United States, the U.S. Department of the Treasurys Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) administers and enforces laws, Executive Orders and regulations establishing U.S. economic and trade sanctions. Such sanctions prohibit, among other things, transactions with, and the provision of services to, certain
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foreign countries, territories, entities and individuals. These entities and individuals include specially designated nationals, specially designated narcotics traffickers and other parties subject to OFAC sanctions and embargo programs. The lists of OFAC prohibited countries, territories, persons and entities, including the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, as amended from time to time, can be found on the OFAC website at http://www.treas.gov/ofac. In addition, certain programs administered by OFAC prohibit dealing with individuals or entities in certain countries or subject to certain sanctions programs regardless of whether such individuals or entities appear on the lists maintained by OFAC, which may make it more difficult for us to identify sanctioned parties and prevent dealings with them. These types of sanctions may significantly restrict or limit our investment activities in certain countries (in particular, certain emerging market countries). Oaktree, the Investment Professionals and the Fund may from time to time be subject to trade sanctions laws and regulations of other jurisdictions, which may be inconsistent with or even preclude the effect of the sanctions administered by OFAC. The legal uncertainties arising from those conflicts may make it more difficult or costly for us to navigate investment activities that are subject to sanctions administered by OFAC or the laws and regulations of other jurisdictions.
At the same time, Oaktree may be obligated to comply with certain anti-boycott laws and regulations that prevent Oaktree and us from engaging in certain discriminatory practices that may be allowed or required in certain jurisdictions. Oaktrees failure to discriminate in this manner could make it more difficult for us to pursue certain investments and engage in certain business activities, and any compliance with such practices could subject Oaktree, the Adviser or us to fines, penalties, and adverse legal and reputational consequences.
In some countries, there is a greater acceptance than in the United States and the U.K. of government involvement in commercial activities and of activities constituting corruption in the United States and the U.K. Certain countries, including the United States and the U.K., have laws prohibiting commercial bribery. Oaktree, the Adviser and the Fund are committed to complying with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-corruption laws, anti-bribery laws and regulations, as well as anti-boycott regulations, to which they are subject. As a result, we may be adversely affected because of our unwillingness to participate in transactions that violate such laws or regulations. Such laws and regulations may make it difficult in certain circumstances for us to act successfully on investment opportunities and for portfolio companies to obtain or retain business.
In recent years, the U.S. Department of Justice and the SEC have devoted greater resources to enforcement of the FCPA and have devoted greater scrutiny to investments by private equity sponsors. In addition, the U.K., with enactment of the U.K. Bribery Act, has expanded the reach of its anti-bribery laws significantly. While Oaktree has developed and implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure strict compliance by Oaktree and its personnel with the FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act and the sanctions regimes that apply to Oaktree, such policies and procedures may not be effective in all instances to prevent violations or offenses. In addition, in spite of Oaktrees policies and procedures, affiliates of portfolio companies, particularly in cases in which we or an Other Oaktree Fund does not control such portfolio company, may engage in activities that could result in FCPA, U.K.
Bribery Act or other violations of law. Any determination that Oaktree has violated or committed an offense under the FCPA, U.K. Bribery Act or other applicable anti-corruption laws or anti-bribery laws or sanctions requirements could subject Oaktree to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties, reputational damage, material fines, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation, disclosure obligations and a general loss of investor confidence, any one of which could adversely affect Oaktrees business prospects and/or financial position, as well as our ability to achieve our investment objective and/or conduct our operations.
We may face a breach of our cyber security, which could result in adverse consequences to our operations and exposure of confidential information.
Cyber security incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. Oaktree and its portfolio companies and service
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providers information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from cyber security breaches, computer viruses or other malicious code, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and other security breaches, usage errors or malfeasance by their respective professionals or service providers, power, communications or other service outages, and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes or terrorist incidents. If unauthorized parties gain access to such information and technology systems, or if personnel abuse or misuse their access privileges, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify private and sensitive information, including non-public personal information related to shareholders (and their beneficial owners) and material non-public information. Although Oaktree has implemented, and portfolio companies and service providers may implement, various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, such systems could prove to be inadequate and, if compromised, could become inoperable for extended periods of time, cease to function properly or fail to adequately secure private information. Oaktree does not control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to Oaktree, the Fund, the shareholders and/or a portfolio company, each of which could be negatively impacted as a result. Breaches such as those involving covertly introduced malware, impersonation of authorized users and industrial or other espionage may not be identified even with sophisticated prevention and detection systems, potentially resulting in further harm and preventing them from being addressed appropriately. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in Oaktrees, the Funds and/or a portfolio companys operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to shareholders (and their beneficial owners), material non-public information and the intellectual property and trade secrets and other sensitive information of Oaktree and/or portfolio companies. Oaktree, the Fund and/or a portfolio company could be required to make a significant investment to remedy the effects of any such failures, harm to their reputations, legal claims that they and their respective affiliates may be subjected to, regulatory action or enforcement arising out of applicable privacy and other laws, adverse publicity, and other events that may affect their business and financial performance.
Inflation may adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of our portfolio companies.
Certain of our portfolio companies may be impacted by inflation. If such portfolio companies are unable to pass any increases in their costs along to their customers, it could adversely affect their results and their ability to pay interest and principal on our loans, particularly if interest rates rise in response to inflation. In addition, any projected future decreases in our portfolio companies operating results due to inflation could adversely impact the fair value of those investments. Any decreases in the fair value of our investments could result in future unrealized losses and therefore reduce our net assets resulting from operations.
We may have no or limited insurance against certain catastrophic losses.
Certain losses of a catastrophic nature, such as wars, earthquakes, typhoons, terrorist attacks or other similar events, may be either uninsurable or insurable at such high rates that to maintain such coverage would cause an adverse impact on the related investments. In general, losses related to terrorism are becoming harder and more expensive to insure against. Some insurers are excluding terrorism coverage from their all-risk policies. In some cases, the insurers are offering significantly limited coverage against terrorist acts for additional premiums, which can greatly increase the total cost of casualty insurance for a property. As a result, all investments may not be insured against terrorism. If a major uninsured loss occurs, we could lose both invested capital in and anticipated profits from the affected investments.
We may not be able to obtain all required licenses.
Certain federal and local banking and other regulatory bodies or agencies inside or outside the United States may require us and/or the Adviser to obtain licenses or similar authorizations to engage in various types of lending
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activities, including investment in senior loans. Such licenses or authorizations may take a significant amount of time to obtain, and may require the disclosure of confidential information regarding the Fund, a shareholder or their respective affiliates, including financial information and/or information regarding officers and directors of such investor, and we may or may not be willing or able to comply with these requirements. In addition, there can be no assurance that any such licenses or authorizations would be granted or, if so, would not impose restrictions on us. Alternatively, the Adviser may be able to structure our potential investments in a manner which would not require such licenses and authorizations, but which would be inefficient or otherwise disadvantageous for us and/or the borrower. The inability of the Fund or the Adviser to obtain such licenses or authorizations, or the structuring of an investment in an inefficient or otherwise disadvantageous manner, could adversely affect the Advisers ability to implement our strategy and our results.
As a public company, we are subject to regulations not applicable to private companies, such as provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Efforts to comply with such regulations will involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with such regulations may adversely affect us.
As a public company, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Our management will be required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are required to review on an annual basis our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting. As a relatively new company, developing and maintaining an effective system of internal controls may require significant expenditures, which may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also will result in a diversion of our managements time and attention. We cannot be certain of when our evaluation, testing and remediation actions will be completed or the impact of the same on our operations. In addition, we may be unable to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal controls over financial reporting are or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls and maintain or achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we may be adversely affected.
We are not required to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404, and will not be required to comply with all of those requirements until we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for a specified period of time or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our internal controls over financial reporting do not currently meet all of the standards contemplated by Section 404 that we will eventually be required to meet. We are in the process of addressing our internal controls over financial reporting and are establishing formal procedures, policies, processes and practices related to financial reporting and to the identification of key financial reporting risks, assessment of their potential impact and linkage of those risks to specific areas and activities within the Fund.
Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Because we do not currently have comprehensive documentation of our internal controls and have not yet tested our internal controls in accordance with Section 404, we cannot conclude in accordance with Section 404 that we do not have a material weakness in our internal controls or a combination of significant deficiencies that could result in the conclusion that we have a material weakness in our internal controls.
Compliance with the SECs Regulation Best Interest may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objective.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to
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a retail customer. The impact of Regulation Best Interest on broker-dealers participating in this offering cannot be determined at this time, but it may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend our Common Shares to retail customers. Regulation Best Interest imposes a duty of care for broker-dealers to evaluate reasonable alternatives in the best interests of their clients. Reasonable alternatives to the Fund, such as listed entities, exist and may have lower expenses, less complexity and/or lower investment risk than the Fund. Certain investments in listed entities may involve lower or no commissions at the time of initial purchase. Under Regulation Best Interest, broker-dealers participating in this offering must consider such alternatives in the best interests of their clients. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objective and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
Risks Related to Our Investments
Investments in privately owned small- and medium-sized companies pose a number of significant risks.
We invest primarily in privately owned medium-sized companies and may also invest in privately owned small companies. Investments in these types of companies pose a number of significant risks. For example, such companies: (a) have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and ability to withstand financial distress; (b) may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under the debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with our investment; (c) may have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and changing market conditions, as well as general economic downturns; (d) are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the portfolio company and, in turn, on us; (e) may have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in volatile businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position; and (f) are not subject to the Exchange Act and other regulations that govern public companies, and, therefore, provide little information to the public. In addition, we, the Adviser, its and our affiliates and trustees, executive management team and members, and the Investment Professionals may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in such portfolio companies.
Further, investments in such companies tend to be less liquid. See The illiquid nature of certain of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired below.
Finally, little public information generally exists about privately owned companies, and these companies often do not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. Shareholders, therefore, must rely on the ability of the Adviser to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. Additionally, these companies and their financial information will not generally be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. If the Adviser is unable to uncover all material information about these companies, it may not make a fully informed investment decision, and shareholders may lose money on our investments.
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates, including the current rising interest rate environment.
Debt investments that we make may be based on floating rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), the Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (SONIA), the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, or alternate base rates such as the prime rate. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments, the value of our securities and our rate of
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return on invested capital. It is unclear how increased regulatory oversight and the future of LIBOR may affect market liquidity and the value of the financial obligations to be held by or issued to us that are linked to LIBOR, or how such changes could affect our investments and transactions and financial condition or results of operations. Central banks and regulators in a number of major jurisdictions (for example, the United States, United Kingdom, European Union, Switzerland and Japan) have convened working groups to find, and implement the transition to, suitable replacements for interbank offered rates. On March 5, 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority and ICE Benchmark Authority announced that the publication of all EUR and CHF LIBOR settings, the Spot Next/Overnight, 1 week, 2 month and 12 month JPY and GBP LIBOR settings, and the 1 week and 2 months US dollar LIBOR settings ceased to be published as of December 31, 2021, while the publication of the overnight, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, and 12 months U.S. dollar (USD) LIBOR settings will cease after June 30, 2023. To identify a successor rate for USD LIBOR, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC), a U.S.-based group convened by the Federal Reserve and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, was formed. The ARRC has identified SOFR as its preferred alternative rate for LIBOR. SOFR is a measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight, collateralized by the U.S. Treasury securities, and is based on directly observable U.S. Treasury-backed repurchase transactions. On December 6, 2021, the ARRC released a statement selecting and recommending forms of SOFR, along with associated spread adjustments and conforming changes, to replace references to 1-week and 2-month USD LIBOR. We expect that a substantial portion of our future floating rate investments will be linked to SOFR. At this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of the transition to SOFR.
Because we have borrowed money, our net investment income depends, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds or pay distributions on preferred stock and the rate that our investments yield. As a result, we can offer no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
A reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could also have an adverse impact on our net interest income. However, an increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high yield bonds, and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our Common Shares less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our Common Shares. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield.
In 2022, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised short term interest rates and has suggested additional interest rate increases may come. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from our performance to the extent we are exposed to such interest rates and/or volatility. In periods of rising interest rates, such as the current interest rate environment, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our net investment income. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if such increases cause our borrowing costs to rise at a rate in excess of the rate that our investments yield. Further, rising interest rates could also adversely affect our performance if we hold investments with floating interest rates, subject to specified minimum interest rates (such as a LIBOR or SOFR floor, as applicable), while at the same time engaging in borrowings subject to floating interest rates not subject to such minimums. In such a scenario, rising interest rates may increase our interest expense, even though our interest income from investments is not increasing in a corresponding manner as a result of such minimum interest rates.
If general interest rates rise, there is a risk that the portfolio companies in which we hold floating rate securities will be unable to pay escalating interest amounts, which could result in a default under their loan documents with us. Rising interest rates could also cause portfolio companies to shift cash from other productive uses to the payment of interest, which may have a material adverse effect on their business and operations and could, over time, lead to increased defaults. In addition, rising interest rates may increase pressure on us to provide fixed rate
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loans to our portfolio companies, which could adversely affect our net investment income, as increases in our cost of borrowed funds would not be accompanied by increased interest income from such fixed-rate investments.
A change in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to a change in the interest rates we receive on many of our debt investments. Accordingly, a change in the interest rate could make it easier for us to meet or exceed the performance threshold in the Investment Advisory Agreement and may result in a substantial increase in the amount of incentive fees payable to our Adviser with respect to the portion of the incentive fee based on income.
We face risk of loss in connection with transactions with counterparties, settlements and exposure to local intermediaries.
From time to time, certain securities markets have experienced operational clearance and settlement problems that have resulted in failed trades. These problems could cause us to miss attractive investment opportunities or result in our liability to third parties by virtue of an inability to perform our contractual obligation to deliver securities. In addition, delays and inefficiencies of the local postal, transport and banking systems could result in the loss of investment opportunities, the loss of funds (including dividends) and exposure to currency fluctuations.
Because certain purchases, sales, securities lending, derivatives and other transactions in which we engage involve instruments that are not traded on an exchange, but are instead traded between counterparties based on contractual relationships, we are subject to the risk that a counterparty will not perform its obligations under the related contracts, as well as risks of transfer, clearance or settlement default. Such risks may be exacerbated with respect to non-U.S. securities or transactions with non-U.S. counterparties. There can be no assurance that a counterparty will not default and that we will not sustain a loss on a transaction as a result. Such risks may differ materially from those entailed in exchange-traded transactions that generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily marking-to-market and settlement of positions and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. There can be no assurance that the Advisers monitoring activities will be sufficient to adequately control counterparty risk.
In situations where we place assets in the care of a custodian or are required to post margin or other collateral with a counterparty, the custodian or counterparty may fail to segregate such assets or collateral, as applicable, or may commingle the assets or collateral with the relevant custodians or counterpartys own assets or collateral, as applicable. As a result, in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of any custodian or counterparty, our excess assets and collateral may be subject to the conflicting claims of the creditors of the relevant custodian or counterparty, and we may be exposed to the risk of a court treating the Fund as a general unsecured creditor of such custodian or counterparty, rather than as the owner of such assets or collateral, as the case may be.
Certain of our transactions may be undertaken through local brokers, banks or other organizations in the countries in which we make investments, and we will be subject to the risk of default, insolvency or fraud of such organizations. The collection, transfer and deposit of bearer securities and cash expose the Fund to a variety of risks, including theft, loss and destruction. Finally, we will be dependent upon the general soundness of the banking systems of countries in which investments will be made.
Our investments are subject to environmental risks.
We may face significant environmental liability in connection with our investments. When compared to the United States, the historical lack or inadequacy of environmental regulation in certain non-U.S. countries has led to the widespread pollution of air, ground and water resources. The legislative framework for environmental liability in these countries has not been fully established or implemented. The extent of the responsibility, if any, for the costs of abating environmental hazards may be unclear when we are considering an investment.
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We may invest in derivative instruments from time to time, which present various risks, including market, counterparty, operational and liquidity risks.
Our use of derivatives will largely be limited to hedging certain foreign currency exposures in order to manage risk and return trade-offs, and we may also engage in interest rate hedging or other hedging strategies. While these transactions may reduce certain risks, the transactions themselves entail certain other risks, including counterparty credit risk. Hedging against a decline in the value of a portfolio position does not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio positions or prevent losses if the values of those positions decline, but instead establishes other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thus offsetting the decline in the portfolio positions value. These types of hedging transactions also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio position increases. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against currency exchange rate, interest rate or public security price fluctuations at a price sufficient to provide protection from the decline in the value of the portfolio position.
While not anticipated to be a meaningful aspect of our investment strategy, we may also invest in over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments from time to time. Although we expect to invest in OTC contracts on a bilateral basis with banks or other dealers, we may invest in certain derivatives that are traded on swap execution facilities, security-based swap execution facilities or other similar multi-lateral trading platforms. Certain of such derivatives may be cleared through central counterparties (CCPs).
Investing in derivative instruments, particularly OTC derivatives, presents various risks, including market, counterparty, operational and liquidity risks. The prices of derivative instruments, including swaps, forwards and options, may be highly volatile. The value of derivatives also depends upon the price of the underlying security or other asset or index. Typically, investing in a derivative instrument requires the deposit or payment of an initial amount much smaller than the notional or exposure amount from such derivative instrument. Therefore, if the relevant cash market moves against the Fund, we will suffer a larger loss than it would have by directly investing in the underlying security or other asset or index. As discussed below, OTC derivatives are also subject to the default and credit risk of the counterparty if they are not cleared through CCPs, while centrally cleared derivatives are subject to the credit risk of the CCP and the relevant futures commission merchant or other clearing broker. In addition, significant disparities may exist between bid and ask prices for derivative instruments that are traded over-the-counter and not on an exchange. While such OTC derivatives are subject to increased regulation under the Dodd-Frank Act, the investor protections and other regulations applicable to such OTC derivatives differ from those applicable to futures and other exchange-traded instruments, as discussed below. In addition, compared with such exchange-traded instruments, the market for OTC derivatives is less liquid. Although OTC derivative instruments are designed to be tailored to meet particular financing and other needs and, therefore, typically provide more flexibility than exchange-traded products, the risk of illiquidity is also greater as these instruments can generally be closed out only by negotiation with the counterparty. In volatile markets, we may not be able to close out a position without incurring a significant amount of loss.
Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act addresses the ability of a BDC to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions). Under the rule, BDCs that use derivatives are subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program, testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements will apply unless the BDC qualifies as a limited derivatives user, as defined under the rules. We believe we qualify as a limited derivative user under the rule. Under the rule, a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement that is not a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Collectively, these requirements may limit our ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts.
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Investments in options and warrants present risk of loss, including as a result of price movements of underlying securities.
The successful use of options and warrants depends principally on the price movements of the underlying securities. In addition, when we purchase an option or warrant, we run the risk that we will lose our entire investment in a relatively short period of time if the option or warrant turns out to be worthless at the time of its exercise. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, we will lose part or all of our investment in the option. There is no assurance that we will be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at any acceptable price. In the event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which we engage in transactions in options or warrants, we could experience delays or losses in liquidating open positions purchased or sold through the broker.
We will bear certain risks associated with any bridge financing we provide to portfolio companies.
We may provide bridge financing to a portfolio company in order to facilitate an investment we organize. Such bridge financings would typically be convertible into more permanent, long-term positions. We will bear the risk of any changes in capital markets, which may adversely affect the ability to refinance any bridge investments. For reasons not always in our or the Advisers control, such refinancings may not occur and such bridge financings may remain outstanding. In such event, the failure to refinance could lead to increased risk and cost to the Fund.
Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued, when, as and if issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis could increase the volatility of our NAV.
Securities purchased or sold by the Fund on a when-issued, when, as and if issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date. At the time of delivery of the securities, the value may be more or less than the purchase or sale price. In the case of when, as and if issued securities, the Fund could lose an investment opportunity if the securities are not issued. An increase in the percentage of our assets committed to the purchase of securities on a when issued, when, as and if issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis may increase the volatility of our NAV.
We invest in significant amounts of loans or other debt instruments, including debt-like instruments such as preferred equity, and bank loans and participations, which pose unique risks.
Our investment program includes investments in significant amounts of loans or other debt instruments, including debt-like instruments such as preferred equity, a significant amount of bank loans and participations, as well as other direct lending transactions. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (a) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors rights laws, (b) so-called lender-liability claims by the issuer of the obligations, (c) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations and (d) limitations on our ability to enforce directly our rights with respect to participations. In analyzing each loan or other debt instrument, we compare the relative significance of the risks against the expected benefits of the investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent certain conduct by the Adviser, Oaktree, their respective affiliates and certain other individuals, will be borne by the Fund. In addition, the settlement process for the purchase of bank loans can take significantly longer than the timeframes established by the Loan Syndications & Trading Association and comparable non-U.S. bodies. The longer a trade is outstanding between the counterparties, the greater the risk of additional operational and settlement issues and the potential for our counterparty to fail to perform. In addition, our investment program may include investments in second lien loans. The nature of second lien loans will entail risks related to priority with respect to collateral, including (a) the subordination of our claims to a senior lien in terms of the coverage and recovery of the collateral and (b) the prohibition of, or limitation on, the right to foreclose on a second lien or exercise other rights as a second lien holder. In certain cases, therefore, no recovery may be available from a defaulted second lien loan.
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If we purchase a participation, we will not have established any direct contractual relationship with the borrower. We will be required to rely on the lender or the participant that sold the participation, not only for the enforcement of our rights against the borrower, but also for the receipt and processing of payments due to us under the participation. We will therefore be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the selling lender or participant. Because it may be necessary to assert through the selling lender or participant such rights as may exist against the borrower, in the event the borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, such assertion of rights against the borrower may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would be involved if we could enforce our rights against the borrower directly.
Loans or other debt instruments we make or acquire may become non-performing following their acquisition for a wide variety of reasons. Such non-performing loans or debt instruments may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write-down of principal. It is possible that we may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on collateral securing one or more loans we have purchased. The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive.
See We invest in bank loans, which have associated risks that are different from those of other debt instruments for additional risks associated with investing in bank loans.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
The characterization of an investment as senior debt or senior secured debt does not mean that such debt will necessarily have repayment priority with respect to all other obligations of an issuer. Issuers may have, and/or may be permitted to incur, other debt and liabilities that rank equally with or senior to the senior loans in which we invest. If other indebtedness is incurred that ranks in parity in right of payment or proceeds of collateral with respect to senior loans in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors in the event of a liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such an issuer. Where we hold a first lien to secure senior indebtedness, the issuers may be permitted to issue other senior loans with liens that rank junior to the first liens granted to us. The intercreditor rights of the holders of such other junior lien debt may, in any liquidation, reorganization, insolvency, dissolution or bankruptcy of such an issuer, affect the recovery that we would have been able to achieve in the absence of such other debt.
Even where the senior loans we hold are secured by a perfected lien over a substantial portion of the assets of an issuer and its subsidiaries, the issuer and its subsidiaries will often be able to incur a substantial amount of additional indebtedness, which may have an exclusive lien over particular assets. For example, debt and other liabilities incurred by non-guarantor subsidiaries of issuers will be structurally senior to the debt we hold. Accordingly, any such debt and other liabilities of such subsidiaries would, in the event of liquidation, dissolution, insolvency, reorganization or bankruptcy of such subsidiary, be repaid in full before any distributions to an obligor of the loans we hold. Furthermore, these other assets over which other lenders have a lien may be substantially more liquid or valuable than the assets over which we have a lien. We may also invest in second-lien secured debt, which compounds the risks described in this paragraph.
We may invest in secured or unsecured loans and are subject to risk of loss upon a borrower default.
In the event of a default by a borrower, we might not receive payments to which we are entitled and thereby could experience a decline in the value of our investments in the borrower. If we invest in debt that is not secured by collateral, in the event of such default, we will have only an unsecured claim against the borrower. In the case of second lien loans that are secured by collateral, while the Adviser generally expects the value of the collateral to be greater than the value of such secured second lien loans, the value of the collateral may actually be equal to or less than the value of such second lien loans or may decline below the outstanding amount of such second lien loans subsequent to our investment. Our ability to have access to the collateral may be limited by bankruptcy and
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other insolvency laws. Under certain circumstances, the collateral may be released with the consent of the lenders or pursuant to the terms of the underlying loan agreement with the borrower. There is no assurance that the liquidation of the collateral securing a loan would occur in a timely fashion or would satisfy the borrowers obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal, or that the collateral could be readily liquidated. As a result, we might not receive full payment on a secured loan investment to which we are entitled and thereby may experience a decline in the value of, or a loss on, the investment.
We invest in companies that are highly leveraged, and, in most cases, our investments in such companies will be in below investment grade securities, which are viewed as having predominately speculative characteristics.
We invest in companies that are highly leveraged, and, in most cases, our investments in such companies are not rated by any rating agency. If such investments were rated, the Adviser believes that they would likely receive a rating from a nationally recognized statistical rating organization of below investment grade (i.e., below BBB- or Baa), which is often referred to as high yield and junk. Exposure to below investment grade securities involves certain risks, and those securities are viewed as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Securities in the lower-rated categories and comparable non-rated securities are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated and comparable non-rated securities and are generally considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Such issuers typically are highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities of other issuers. Because investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with the lower-rated and comparable non-rated securities, the yields and prices of such securities may be more volatile than those for higher-rated and comparable non-rated securities. The market for lower-rated and comparable non-rated securities is thinner, often less liquid and less active than that for higher-rated or comparable non-rated securities, and the market prices of such securities are subject to erratic and abrupt movements. The spread between bid and asked prices for such securities may be greater than normally expected. Such factors can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold and may even make it difficult to sell such securities.
Investment in the securities of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. These financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause issuers to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings.
We may invest in event-driven special situations.
We may invest in companies that become involved in (or the target of) acquisition attempts or tender offers or in companies involved in or undergoing spin-offs or reorganizations, or that become the subject of work-outs, liquidations or bankruptcies or other catalytic changes or similar transactions. In any investment opportunity involving any such type of special situation, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security or other financial instrument in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, we may be required to sell its investment at a loss. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies in which we may be invested, there is a potential risk of loss of our entire investment in such companies.
We invest in lower-rated loans and debt instruments, which are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated loans and debt instruments.
Because we invest in loans and other debt instruments that are rated below investment grade by the various credit rating agencies, or trade at a yield similar to non-investment grade debt (and in comparable non-rated loans), the
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Adviser must take into account the special nature of such loans and debt instruments and certain special considerations in assessing the risks associated with such investments. Loans and debt instruments rated in the lower rating categories are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated loans and debt instruments and are generally considered to be predominantly speculative with respect to the borrowers capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They are also considered to be subject to greater risk than investment grade rated debt instruments in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. Because investors perceive that there are greater risks associated with such loans and debt instruments, the yields and prices of such loans and debt instruments may be more volatile than those for higher-rated loans and debt instruments. The market for lower-rated loans and debt instruments is thinner, often less liquid and less active than that for higher-rated loans and debt instruments, which can adversely affect the prices at which such loans and debt instruments can be sold and may even make it impractical to sell such loans or debt instruments. It should be recognized that an economic downturn is likely to have a negative effect on the debt market and on the value of the loans and debt instruments held by the Fund as well as on the ability of the borrowers of such debt, especially highly leveraged borrowers, to service principal and interest payment obligations to meet their projected business goals or to obtain additional financing. If a borrower of a loan owned by the Fund defaults on such loan, we may incur additional expenses to seek recovery, and the possibility of any recovery may be subject to the expense and uncertainty of insolvency proceedings.
We invest in bank loans, which have associated risks that are different from those of other debt instruments.
Our investment program includes investments in significant amounts of bank loans. Bank loans may not be deemed to be securities for purposes of the federal securities laws and therefore may not have the protections afforded by the federal securities laws, including anti-fraud protections. In addition, bank loans have a longer settlement period as compared to other debt instruments. When compared to the purchase of high yield bonds, which typically settle within three business days after the initial trade date, the settlement process for the purchase of bank loans can take several days and, in certain instances, several weeks longer than a bond trade. The longer a trade is outstanding between the counterparties may increase the risk of additional operational and settlement issues and the potential for our counterparty to fail to perform.
Borrowers may elect to repay the principal on an obligation earlier than expected.
Our investments will typically permit the borrowers to voluntarily prepay directly originated senior secured loans and other debt investments at any time, either with no or a nominal prepayment premium. Borrowers may elect to repay the principal on an obligation earlier than expected. This may happen, including when there is a decline in interest rates, or when an issuers improved credit or operating or financial performance allows the refinancing of certain classes of debt with lower cost debt. Assuming an improvement in a borrowers or the credit market conditions, early repayments of the debt held by the Fund could increase. Generally, our investments are not expected to include a significant premium payable upon the repayment of such senior debt.
We may engage in short sale transactions.
We may engage in short sale transactions for hedging purposes. Short sales can, in certain circumstances, substantially increase the impact of adverse price movements on our portfolio. A short sale of a security involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited loss from a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the security that could result in an inability to cover the short position. In addition, there can be no assurance that securities necessary to cover a short position will be available for purchase.
Our investment portfolios may be subject to high turnover rates, which will increase commission and transaction costs.
The different strategies we use may require frequent trading and a high portfolio turnover. The more frequently we trade, the higher the commission and transaction costs and certain other expenses involved in our operations.
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We will bear these costs regardless of the profitability of our investment and trading activities. In addition, a high portfolio turnover may increase the recognition of short-term, rather than long-term, capital gains.
Both our portfolio companies and the Fund may be leveraged.
Our investments include companies whose capital structures may have significant leverage. Such investments are inherently more sensitive to declines in revenues and to increases in expenses and interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such investments will increase the exposure of the portfolio companies to adverse economic factors, such as downturns in the economy or deterioration in the condition of the portfolio company or its industry. Additionally, the securities we acquire may be the most junior in what will typically be a complex capital structure, and, thus, subject to the greatest risk of loss.
Furthermore, we engage in certain investment activities that involve the use of leverage. The cumulative effect of the use of leverage by the Fund in a market that moves adversely to our investments could result in a loss to the Fund that would be greater than if leverage had not been used, including loss of the entire investment and also the possibility of loss exceeding the original amount of a particular investment. To the extent that we engage in any leveraging, we will be subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including those relating to the ability to refinance and the insufficiency of cash flow to meet principal and interest payments, which could significantly reduce or even eliminate the value of our investment. Leveraging the capital structure will mean that third parties, such as banks, may be entitled to the cash flow generated by such investments prior to the Fund receiving a return. Also, if one of our assets is mortgaged or otherwise used as collateral to secure repayment of indebtedness and such payments are not made, the asset could be foreclosed upon by the lender or otherwise transferred to the lender.
There are also financing costs associated with leverage, and each leveraged investment will involve interest rate risk to the extent that financing charges for such leveraged investment are based on a predetermined interest rate. Furthermore, to the extent that we draw capital from a credit facility to fund investments, the amount and timing of contributions and distributions to the shareholders may be affected in a manner that in some circumstances could be potentially adverse to the shareholders.
No assurance can be given that financing for our investments will be obtained on favorable or acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, once initial financing is obtained, no assurance can be given that such financing will subsequently be available throughout the life of any individual investment, or that replacement financing can be obtained as intended by the Adviser. If we are unable to obtain financing, this may have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective and the return on invested capital.
We borrow money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us.
Borrowings, also known as leverage, magnify the potential for loss on invested equity capital. We expect to continue to use leverage to partially finance our investments, through borrowings from banks and other lenders, which will increase the risks of investing in our Common Shares, including the likelihood of default. We borrow under a senior secured revolving credit agreement (the ING Credit Agreement) among us, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, and ING Capital LLC, as administrative agent (ING), and may issue debt securities or enter into other types of borrowing arrangements in the future. For additional information about the ING Credit Agreement, including amendments, see Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsDiscussion and Analysis of Results of OperationsLeverageING Credit Agreement. If the value of our assets decreases, leveraging would cause NAV to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not leveraged. Similarly, any decrease in our income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not borrowed. To the extent we incur additional leverage, these effects would be further magnified, increasing the risk of investing in us. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to make Common Share distributions or scheduled debt payments. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique and we only intend to use leverage if expected returns will exceed the cost of borrowing.
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As of September 30, 2022, we had $75.0 million of outstanding indebtedness under the ING Credit Agreement. This debt instrument requires periodic payments of interest. For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, our borrowings under the ING Credit Agreement bore interest at a weighted average rate of 5.0% (exclusive of deferred financing costs). We will need to generate sufficient cash flow to make these required interest payments. In order for us to cover our annual interest payments on indebtedness, we must achieve annual returns on our September 30, 2022 total assets of at least 0.86%. If we are unable to meet the financial obligations under the ING Credit Agreement or any other future credit facilities, the lenders under the credit facilities will have a superior claim to our assets over our shareholders.
Illustration. The following table illustrates the effect of leverage on returns from an investment in our Common Shares assuming various annual returns, net of expenses. The calculations in the table below are hypothetical and actual returns may be higher or lower than those appearing below.
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses) |
- 10 | % | - 5 | % | 0 | % | 5 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||
Corresponding net return to common shareholder |
-13.08 | % | -7.05 | % | -1.03 | % | 4.99 | % | 11.01 | % |
For purposes of this table, we have assumed $441.7 million in total assets (less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities), $75.0 million in debt outstanding under the ING Credit Agreement, $366.7 million in net assets as of September 30, 2022, and a weighted average interest rate of 5.0% as of September 30, 2022 (exclusive of deferred financing costs). Actual interest payments may be different.
We may default under our credit facilities.
In the event we default under a credit facility or other borrowings, our business could be adversely affected as we may be forced to sell a portion of our investments quickly and prematurely at what may be disadvantageous prices to us in order to meet our outstanding payment obligations and/or support working capital requirements under such borrowing facility, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, following any such default, the agent for the lenders under such borrowing facility could assume control of the disposition of any or all of our assets, including the selection of such assets to be disposed and the timing of such disposition, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Provisions in a credit facility may limit our investment discretion.
A credit facility may be backed by all or a portion of our loans and securities on which the lenders will have a security interest. We may pledge up to 100% of our assets and may grant a security interest in all of our assets under the terms of any debt instrument we enter into with lenders. We expect that any security interests we grant will be set forth in a pledge and security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders. In addition, we expect that the custodian for our securities serving as collateral for such loan would include in its electronic systems notices indicating the existence of such security interests and, following notice of occurrence of an event of default, if any, and during its continuance, will only accept transfer instructions with respect to any such securities from the lender or its designee. If we were to default under the terms of any debt instrument, the agent for the applicable lenders would be able to assume control of the timing of disposition of any or all of our assets securing such debt, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In addition, any security interests and/or negative covenants required by a credit facility may limit our ability to create liens on assets to secure additional debt and may make it difficult for us to restructure or refinance indebtedness at or prior to maturity or obtain additional debt or equity financing. In addition, if our borrowing base under a credit facility were to decrease, we may be required to secure additional assets in an amount sufficient to cure any borrowing base deficiency. In the event that all of our assets are secured at the time of such
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a borrowing base deficiency, we could be required to repay advances under a credit facility or make deposits to a collection account, either of which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to fund future investments and to make distributions.
In addition, we may be subject to limitations as to how borrowed funds may be used, which may include restrictions on geographic and industry concentrations, loan size, payment frequency and status, average life, collateral interests and investment ratings, as well as regulatory restrictions on leverage which may affect the amount of funding that may be obtained. There may also be certain requirements relating to portfolio performance, including required minimum portfolio yield and limitations on delinquencies and charge-offs, a violation of which could limit further advances and, in some cases, result in an event of default. An event of default under a credit facility could result in an accelerated maturity date for all amounts outstanding thereunder, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. This could reduce our liquidity and cash flow and impair our ability to grow our business.
Leveraged portfolio companies may pose higher risk of default.
Leveraged companies, such as those in which we invest, may be more prone to bankruptcy or similar financial distress. A portfolio companys failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize a portfolio companys ability to meet its obligations under the securities that we will hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, we may write down the value of a portfolio company investment upon the worsening of the financial condition of the portfolio company or in anticipation of a default, which could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
As a result, we may need to modify the payment terms of our investments, including changes in PIK interest provisions and/or cash interest rates. The performances of leveraged companies have been, and may continue to be, negatively impacted by these economic or other conditions, which may result in our receipt of a reduced level of interest income from such portfolio companies and/or losses or charge offs related to such investments, and, in turn, may adversely affect distributable income and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our success may depend, in part, on the ability of the Adviser to effectuate loan modifications or restructure and improve the operations of portfolio companies. The activity of identifying and implementing any such restructuring programs and operating improvements entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to successfully identify and implement such restructuring programs and improvements.
We may enter into reverse repurchase agreements, which involve many of the same risks posed by our use of leverage.
We may enter into reverse repurchase agreements as part of our management of our temporary investment portfolio. Entry into any such reverse repurchase agreements would be subject to the Investment Company Act limitations on leverage. In connection with entry into a reverse repurchase agreement, we would effectively pledge our assets as collateral to secure a short-term loan. Generally, the other party to the agreement would make a loan to us in an amount equal to a percentage of the fair value of the collateral pledged. At the maturity of the reverse repurchase agreement, we will be required to repay the loan and then receive back our collateral. While used as collateral, the assets continue to pay principal and interest, which are for the benefit of the Fund.
Use of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks involved in our use of leverage. For example, the market value of the securities acquired in the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities that we have sold but we would remain obligated to purchase those securities. As such, we
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bear the risk of loss that the proceeds at settlement are less than the fair value of the securities pledged. In addition, the market value of the securities retained may decline. If a buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experience insolvency, we would be adversely affected. In addition, due to the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements, our NAV would decline, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if it had not used such agreements.
We issue senior securities and incur indebtedness, and any amounts that we use to service our senior securities or indebtedness will reduce amounts distributable to holders of our Common Shares.
Consistent with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, we issue and expect to continue to issue senior securities and/or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions up to the maximum amount permitted by the Investment Company Act. In addition, we may seek to securitize certain of our loans. Under the provisions of the Investment Company Act, we are permitted, as a BDC, to issue senior securities if it meets an asset coverage ratio, as calculated as provided in the Investment Company Act, of at least 150% immediately after each such issuance. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test, which may prohibit us from paying dividends and could prevent us from maintaining our status as a RIC or may prohibit us from repurchasing Common Shares. If that happens, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Accordingly, any failure to satisfy this test could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Also, any amounts that we use to service our indebtedness or senior securities would not be available for distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, as a result of issuing indebtedness or senior securities, shareholders would also be exposed to typical risks associated with increased leverage, including an increased risk of loss resulting from increased indebtedness.
If we issue preferred shares, the preferred shares would rank senior to the Common Shares. Preferred shareholders would have separate voting rights on certain matters and might have other rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those of shareholders. The issuance of preferred shares could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for shareholders or otherwise be in their best interest.
We are not generally able to issue and sell Common Shares at a price below the then-current NAV per Common Share. We may, however, sell Common Shares, or warrants, options or rights to acquire Common Shares, at a price below the then-current NAV per Common Share if the Board of Trustees determines that such sale is in the best interests of the Fund and the shareholders, and the shareholders approve such sale. If we raise additional funds by issuing more Common Shares, including in connection with senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, Common Shares, then the percentage ownership of shareholders at that time will decrease, and holders of Common Shares might experience dilution with respect to their percentage ownership.
We may invest in distressed or bankrupt companies, and investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings presents significant risks.
We may acquire the securities and other obligations of distressed or bankrupt companies. At times, distressed debt obligations may not produce income and may require us to bear certain extraordinary expenses (including legal, accounting, valuation and transaction expenses) in order to protect and recover our investment. Therefore, to the extent we invest in distressed debt, our ability to achieve current income for the shareholders may be diminished, particularly where the portfolio company has negative EBITDA.
We also will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when and in what manner and for what value the distressed debt we invest in will eventually be satisfied whether through a liquidation, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization involving the distressed debt securities or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the
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obligation. In addition, even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to distressed debt we hold, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets we receive in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will not have a lower value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made.
Moreover, any securities we receive upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. As a result of our participation in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of distressed debt, we may be restricted from disposing of such securities.
We may make investments that could require substantial workout negotiations or restructuring in the event of a default or bankruptcy. There are a number of significant risks when investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, including the following: First, many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings that are beyond the control of the creditors. Second, a bankruptcy filing may have adverse and permanent effects on a company. For instance, the company may lose its market position and key employees and otherwise become incapable of restoring itself as a viable entity. Further, if the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. Third, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditors return on investment can be impacted adversely by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until it ultimately becomes effective. Fourth, certain claims, such as claims for taxes, wages, employee and worker pensions and certain trade claims, may have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors. Fifth, the administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtors estate prior to any return to creditors. Sixth, creditors can lose their ranking and priority in a variety of circumstances, including if they exercise domination and control over a debtor, and other creditors can demonstrate that they have been harmed by such actions. Seventh, we may seek representation on creditors committees and as a member of a creditors committee, it may owe certain obligations generally to all creditors similarly situated that the committee represents, and it may be subject to various trading or confidentiality restrictions. If the Adviser concludes that our membership on a creditors committee entails obligations or restrictions that conflict with the duties it owes to shareholders, or that otherwise outweigh the advantages of such membership, we will not seek membership in, or will resign from, that committee. Because we will indemnify the Adviser or any other person serving on a committee on our behalf for claims arising from breaches of those obligations, indemnification payments could adversely affect the return on our investment in an asset or company undergoing reorganization.
There is a possibility that we may incur substantial or total losses on our investments and, in certain circumstances, subject us to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of our original investment. For example, under certain circumstances, a lender who has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund and distributions to the shareholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, bankruptcy laws may delay our ability to realize on collateral for loan positions held by us, or may adversely affect the priority of such loans through doctrines such as equitable subordination or may result in a restructuring of the debt through principles such as the cramdown provisions of the bankruptcy laws. In addition, the bankruptcy laws and regimes of certain jurisdictions outside the United States may be untested, subject to manipulation or change and not provide a proven venue to resolve a companys bankruptcy estate.
Investments in real estate and mortgage-backed securities carry risks, including fluctuations in value and complications associated with events of default.
The value of real estate and real estate-related securities and other investments can fluctuate for various reasons. Real estate values can be seriously affected by interest rate fluctuations, bank liquidity, the availability of
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financing and by regulatory or governmentally imposed factors such as a zoning change, an increase in property taxes, the imposition of height or density limitations, the requirement that buildings be accessible to disabled persons, the requirement for environmental impact studies, the potential costs of remediation of environmental contamination or damage and the imposition of special fines to reduce traffic congestion or to provide for housing. Income from income-producing real estate may be adversely affected by general economic conditions, local conditions such as oversupply or reduction in demand for space in the area, competition from other available properties, and the owner provision of adequate maintenance and coverage by adequate insurance. Certain significant expenditures associated with real estate (such as mortgage payments (to the extent leveraged), real estate taxes and maintenance costs) have no relationship with, and, thus, do not diminish in proportion to, a reduction in income from the property. Reductions in value or cash flow could impair our ability to make distributions to shareholders, adversely impact our investment policy and reduce overall returns on investments.
If a borrower of a loan secured by real estate defaults on such loan, it is possible that the Adviser may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on collateral securing such loan. The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions, which often prolongs and complicates an already difficult and time-consuming process. In some states or other jurisdictions, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to conclude. During the foreclosure proceedings, a borrower may have the ability to file for bankruptcy, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and may result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management of the property.
We may also invest in mortgage-backed securities, including RMBS and CMBS. The collateral underlying CMBS generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that has a multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity, commonly known as a balloon payment, and are usually non-recourse against the commercial borrower. The prospect of full repayment of the commercial mortgage loans underlying CMBS depends on the ability of the commercial borrower to generate current income from its commercial property, which is affected by a variety of factors, and to secure subsequent financing, which can be negatively impacted by a difficult credit environment. Given the non-recourse nature of the underlying commercial mortgage loan, the options for financial recovery are limited in nature if a commercial borrower defaults, and in certain instances, a negotiated settlement or an amendment to the terms of the commercial mortgage loan are the only options before an ultimate foreclosure on the commercial property. Foreclosure is costly and often protracted by litigation and bankruptcy restrictions. The ultimate disposition of a foreclosed property may also yield a price insufficient to cover the cost of the foreclosure process and the balance attached to the defaulted commercial mortgage loan. The overall level of commercial mortgage loan defaults remains significant and market values of the underlying commercial real estate remain distressed in many cases. It has also become increasingly difficult for lenders to dispose of foreclosed commercial real estate without incurring substantial investment losses, and ultimately leading to a decline in the value of CMBS. There can be no guarantee that our investments in CMBS will not be adversely affected by such risks.
We may have difficulty successfully pursuing claims in the courts of non-U.S. countries.
Because the effectiveness of the judicial systems in the countries in which we may invest varies, we (or any portfolio company) may have difficulty in foreclosing or successfully pursuing claims in the courts of such countries, as compared to the United States or other countries. Further, to the extent we or a portfolio company may obtain a judgment but is required to seek enforcement in the courts of one of the countries in which we invest, there can be no assurance that such courts will enforce such judgment. The laws of many nations often lack the sophistication and consistency found in the United States with respect to foreclosure, bankruptcy, corporate reorganization and creditors rights.
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We are subject to risk of becoming involved in litigation by third parties as a result of our investment activities.
Our investment activities subject us to the risks of becoming involved in litigation by third parties. This risk is somewhat greater where we exercise control of, or significant influence in, a companys direction. In addition, in the course of providing managerial assistance to certain portfolio companies, certain of our or the Advisers officers and directors may serve as directors on the boards of such companies. In connection therewith, we will be required to indemnify the Adviser and its affiliates, and each of their respective members, officers, directors, employees, shareholders, partners, managers, and certain other persons who serve at the request of the Adviser or its affiliates on our behalf for liabilities incurred in connection with our affairs. Such liabilities may be material and have an adverse effect on the returns to the shareholders. The expense of defending against claims by third parties and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments would, absent certain conduct by the Adviser, be payable from our assets. The Adviser may, but will not be required to, purchase insurance for the Fund, the Adviser and their affiliates, employees, agents and representatives. Additionally, the Investment Advisory Agreement, to the extent permitted by law, will limit the circumstances under which the Adviser can be held liable to the Fund and our shareholders. As a result, our shareholders may have a more limited right of action in certain cases than they would in the absence of this provision.
We may be subject to potential allegations of lender liability.
In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed lender liability). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors. We may be subject to potential allegations of lender liability. In addition, courts have in some cases applied the doctrine of equitable subordination to subordinate the claim of a lending institution against a borrower to claims of other creditors of the borrower when the lending institution is found to have engaged in unfair, inequitable or fraudulent conduct. Such claims may be brought even if we acquired the loan on a secondary basis.
The exercise of control of, or significant influence over, a portfolio company may impose additional risks of liability.
In certain circumstances, including if we invest in a different part of the capital structure as Other Oaktree Funds, our holdings may be aggregated with those of such Other Oaktree Funds, which collectively may be deemed to give these funds and accounts controlling interests in or the ability to significantly influence a portfolio company. The exercise of control of, or significant influence over, a portfolio company may impose additional risks of liability for environmental damage, product defects, failure to supervise management, violation of governmental regulations (including securities laws) or other types of liability in which the limited liability generally characteristic of business ownership may be ignored. In addition, a greater level of involvement by Oaktree in a portfolio company may subject the Fund to a greater risk of litigation by third parties. If these liabilities were to arise, we might suffer a significant loss. We will be required to indemnify the Adviser and others in connection with such litigation, as well as other matters arising as a result of the management of the Fund, subject to certain conditions.
We are subject to contingent liabilities on disposition of our investments.
In connection with the disposition of an investment in a portfolio company, we may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of such company typical of those made in connection with the sale of any business. We also may be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment with respect to certain matters, including the accuracy of such representations. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities for which the Adviser may establish reserves or escrows.
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We may invest in subordinated loans.
Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may entitle the holders to receive payments of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments with respect to the debt instruments in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to the Fund. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt instruments in which we invest, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
We may invest in loans that have limited amortization requirements.
We may invest directly in senior secured loans, including at initial issuance, which would typically have limited mandatory amortization and interim repayment requirements. A low level of amortization of any directly originated senior secured loans over the life of such senior secured loans may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the senior secured loans held by us when it comes due at its final stated maturity.
We may have a limited ability to protect our investment in portfolio companies as a result of making non-controlling investments.
We are not expected to make investments that result in control of, or significant influence over, a company. As a result, we may have a more limited ability to protect our investment in portfolio companies than if we held a controlling interest or position of significant influence.
We are exposed to risks associated with OID and PIK interest income.
Our investments may include original issue discount (OID) and contractual payment-in-kind (PIK) interest, which typically represents contractual interest added to a loan balance and due at the end of such loans term. To the extent OID or PIK interest constitute a portion of our income, we are exposed to typical risks associated with such income being required to be included in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following:
| OID and PIK instruments may have higher yields, which reflect the payment deferral and credit risk associated with these instruments; |
| OID and PIK accruals may create uncertainty about the source of our distributions to shareholders; |
| OID and PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of the collateral; and |
| OID and PIK instruments may represent a higher credit risk than coupon loans. |
The illiquid nature of certain of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired.
We may invest in companies whose securities are not publicly traded, and whose securities are subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or are otherwise less liquid than publicly traded securities. In fact, all of our assets may be invested in illiquid securities. The illiquidity of these investments may make it difficult for us to sell these investments when desired. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio
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quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded these investments and suffer losses. Our investments may be subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or may otherwise be illiquid because there is usually no established trading market for such investments. In addition, we may face restrictions on our ability to liquidate investments if the Adviser or any of its affiliates have material nonpublic information regarding the portfolio company.
We may utilize different investment techniques not described in this prospectus.
We may employ investment techniques and invest in other instruments that the Adviser believes will help achieve our investment objective, whether or not such investment techniques or instruments are specifically described herein. Consistent with our investment objective, we may invest in financial instruments of any and all types, which exist now or are hereafter created. Such investments may entail risks not described herein, any of which may adversely affect us.
We may be subject to risks associated with currency exchange transactions.
The Adviser anticipates that a portion of our investments could be made in countries other than the United States and, consequently, we expect to make certain investments denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Changes in the rates of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies will have an effect, which could be adverse, on our performance, amounts available for distribution and the value of investments we distribute. Additionally, a particular non-U.S. country may impose exchange controls, devalue its currency or take other measures relating to its currency which could adversely affect the Fund. Finally, we will incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.
We are not obligated to hedge currency risks. Even if the Adviser does so, the Adviser may not be able to put a hedge in place on commercially reasonable terms given the credit terms offered by our counterparties or the volatility of the currency. There can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging market shifts will be available at the time when we wish to use them, or that any hedge would reduce applicable risks. More specifically, if we hedge currency risk, it does not expect that the full risk of currency fluctuations can be eliminated due to the complexity of the investment characteristics of our investment portfolio and limitations in the non-U.S. currency market. We conduct our non-U.S. currency exchange transactions in anticipation of funding investment commitments or receiving proceeds upon dispositions. In addition, to hedge against adverse stock market shifts, we may purchase put and call options on stocks and write covered call options on stocks.
We may invest in collateralized loan obligations and other securitizations and structured products.
We may invest in CLOs and other securitizations, including RMBS and CMBS, which are generally limited recourse obligations of the issuer (Securitization Vehicles) payable solely from the underlying assets (Securitization Assets) of the issuer or proceeds thereof. Holders of equity or other securities issued by Securitization Vehicles must rely solely on distributions on the Securitization Assets or proceeds thereof for payment in respect thereof. Consequently, we will typically not have any direct rights against the issuer of, or the entity that sold, assets underlying the securitization. Securitization Assets may include, without limitation, broadly-syndicated leverage loans, middle-market bank loans, collateralized debt obligation (CDO) debt tranches, trust preferred securities, insurance surplus notes, asset backed securities, mortgages, real estate investment trusts (REITs), high-yield bonds, mezzanine debt, second-lien leverage loans, credit default swaps and emerging market debt and corporate bonds, which are subject to liquidity, market value, credit, interest rate, reinvestment and certain other risks.
Underlying Default Risks. To the extent underlying default rates with respect to Securitization Assets occur or otherwise increase, the performance of our investments in Securitization Vehicles will be adversely affected. The rate of defaults and losses on debt instruments will be affected by a number of factors, including global, regional and local economic conditions in the area where the borrower operates, the financial circumstances of the
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borrower as well as general market conditions. A decline in global markets (or any particular sub-market thereof) may result in higher delinquencies and/or defaults as borrowers will not be able to repay or refinance their outstanding debt obligations when due for a variety of reasons, which will adversely affect the performance of our investments in Securitization Vehicles.
In addition, investments in Securitization Vehicles may be subject to the risk of bankruptcy of the issuer of such assets or a claim that the pledging of collateral to secure any such asset constituted a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that can be subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuer of such asset or nullified under applicable law.
Failure to Satisfy Certain Tests. The failure by a Securitization Vehicle to satisfy financial covenants, including with respect to adequate collateralization and/or interest coverage tests, could lead to a reduction in its payments to the Fund. In the event that a Securitization Vehicle fails certain tests, holders of senior debt tranches may be entitled to additional payments that would, in turn, reduce the payments we would otherwise be entitled to receive. Separately, we may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms, which may include the waiver of certain financial covenants, with a defaulting Securitization Vehicle. If any of these events occur, it could materially and adversely affect the return on our investments in such Securitization Vehicles.
Leveraged Credit Risk. Our investments in securitizations may also be subject to leverage risks. The leveraged nature of Securitization Vehicles, in particular, magnifies the adverse impact of Securitization Asset defaults. Because Securitization Vehicle investments represent a leveraged investment with respect to the underlying Securitization Assets, changes in the market value of Securitization Vehicle investments could be greater than the change in the market value of the underlying Securitization Assets, which are subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks.
Liquidity Risk. Certain debt tranches of Securitization Vehicles may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market and may have the effect of decreasing our liquidity to the extent that we, at a particular point in time, may be unable to find qualified buyers for, and may have difficulty valuing, these securities.
Prepayments and Re-Investment Risk. Our investments in Securitization Vehicles and the Securitization Assets that collateralize them may prepay more quickly than expected and have an impact on the value of our investments in such Securitization Vehicles. Early prepayments give rise to increased re-investment risk, as we or a Securitization Vehicle collateral manager might realize excess cash from prepayments earlier than expected. If we or a Securitization Vehicle collateral manager is unable to reinvest such cash in a new investment with an expected rate of return at least equal to that of the investment repaid, this may reduce net income and the fair value of that asset.
Investment in Junior Debt Tranches. We may invest in the equity or junior debt tranches of Securitization Vehicles. Such equity and junior debt tranches will be subordinated to other parties, including more senior debt tranches. The receipt of interest, principal and other distributions in respect of the equity or junior debt tranches of a Securitization Vehicle will be governed by an indenture, which will typically provide that such payments may not be made until obligations with respect to senior debt tranches have been met and/or certain financial tests are satisfied. The indenture may also provide for the deferment of payments to equity holders or junior noteholders without triggering an event of default under the indenture. If an event of default under the indenture were to occur, the senior noteholders may be entitled to determine the remedies to be exercised which may be adverse to the interests of the equity holders and/or junior noteholders, and the senior noteholders may not have any obligation to consider the possible adverse effect on the interests of equity holders or junior noteholders. To the extent that any losses are suffered in the underlying portfolio, such losses will be borne in the first instance by equity holders and junior noteholders. In such circumstances, senior notes will be entitled to repayment in full prior any payment is made in respect of the equity or junior notes.
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Reliance on Collateral Managers. With the exception of investments in Oaktree-Managed CLOs (if any), Securitization Assets (including non-Oaktree-managed Securitization Vehicles) are typically actively managed by a third-party investment manager, and, as a result, the Securitization Assets will be traded, subject to rating agency and other constraints, by such investment manager. With respect to Securitization Vehicles, we expect to rely on Securitization Vehicle collateral managers to administer and review the portfolios of collateral they manage. The actions of the Securitization Vehicle collateral managers may significantly affect the performance of our investments in Securitization Vehicles. The ability of each CLO collateral manager to identify and report on issues affecting its securitization portfolio on a timely basis could also affect our returns, as we may not be provided with information on a timely basis in order to take appropriate measures to manage its risks. We also expect to rely on Securitization Vehicle collateral managers to act in the best interests of the Securitization Vehicle it manages. If any Securitization Vehicle collateral manager were to act in a manner that was not in the best interests of the Securitization Vehicles (i.e., gross negligence, with reckless disregard or in bad faith), this could adversely impact the overall performance of our investments in Securitization Vehicles.
For securitizations with corporate loans, the collateral managers role in reinvestment of principal amortization in performing credits and with respect to loans that default, as well as its ability to actively manage the portfolio through trading, will have a significant impact on the value of the underlying collateral and the performance of its securitization. If the collateral manager reinvests proceeds into loans which then default, does not sell loans before such loans default close to the original purchase price or does not effectively contribute to a restructuring process to maximize value of the loan the securitization owns, the collateral manager could materially and adversely impact our investments in Securitization Vehicles.
Failure of Servicers to Effectively Service Loans. The failure of servicers to effectively service the loans underlying certain of our investments in Securitization Vehicles could materially and adversely affect the Fund. Most securitizations of loans require a servicer to manage collections on each of the underlying loans. Both default frequency and default severity of loans may depend upon the quality of the servicer. If servicers are not vigilant in encouraging borrowers to make their monthly payments, the borrowers may be far less likely to make these payments, which could result in a higher frequency of default. If servicers take longer to liquidate non-performing assets, loss severities may tend to be higher than originally anticipated. The failure of servicers to effectively service the receivables underlying such assets could negatively impact the value of our investments in Securitization Vehicles and its performance.
Servicer quality is of prime importance in the default performance of certain personal loans. Servicers may go out of business, which would require a transfer of servicing to another servicer. Such transfers take time and loans may become delinquent because of confusion or lack of attention. Servicers may be required to advance interest on delinquent loans to the extent the servicer deems those advances recoverable. In the event the servicer does not advance, interest may be interrupted even on more senior securities. Servicers may also advance more than is in fact recoverable once a defaulted loan is disposed, causing losses to be greater than the outstanding principal balance of that loan.
Structured Products. We may invest in other structured products. These investments may include debt securities issued by a private investment fund that invests, on a leveraged basis, in bank loans, high-yield debt or other asset groups, as well as certificates issued by a structured investment vehicle that holds pools of CMBS or RMBS. Our investments in structured products will be subject to a number of risks, including risks related to the fact that the structured products will be leveraged. Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and will generally magnify the opportunities for gain and risk of loss borne by an investor in the subordinated debt securities issued by a structured product. Many structured products contain covenants designed to protect the providers of debt financing to such structured products. A failure to satisfy those covenants could result in the untimely liquidation of the structured product and a complete loss of our investment therein. In addition, if the particular structured product is invested in a security in which we are also invested, this would tend to increase our overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if not on a relative basis. The value of an investment in a structured product will depend on the investment performance of the assets in which the structured product invests and will, therefore, be subject to all of the risks associated with an
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investment in those assets. These risks include the possibility of a default by, or bankruptcy of, the issuers of such assets or a claim that the pledging of collateral to secure any such asset constituted a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that can be subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuer of such asset or nullified under applicable law.
We may make investments in covenant-lite loans.
Although the loans in which we expect to invest will generally have financial maintenance covenants, which are used to proactively address materially adverse changes in a portfolio companys financial performance, we may invest to a lesser extent in covenant-lite loans. We use the term covenant-lite to refer generally to loans that do not have financial maintenance covenants. Generally, covenant-lite loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrowers financial condition or operating results. Accordingly, to the extent we invest in covenant-lite loans, we may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.
Our investments in non-U.S. companies may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
Our investment strategy contemplates potential investments in securities of non-U.S. companies to the extent permissible under the Investment Company Act. Investing in non-U.S. companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of non-U.S. taxes (potentially at confiscatory levels), less liquid markets, less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
Although most of our investments are denominated in U.S. dollars, our investments that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to the U.S. dollar. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments.
Risks Related to an Investment in the Fund and the Common Shares
We are a relatively new company and have a limited operating history.
Although the Adviser utilizes experienced professionals who have successfully pursued an investment strategy substantially similar to ours, we are a relatively newly initiated enterprise with a limited operating history upon which to evaluate our likely performance. The past performance of any other businesses or companies that have or have had an investment objective which is similar to, or different from, our investment objective are not indicative of our future performance and provides no assurance of our future results.
We have a different investment portfolio from other businesses or companies. Accordingly, our results may differ from and are independent of the results obtained by such businesses or companies. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in obtaining suitable investments or that our investment objective will be achieved. There can be no assurance that any shareholder will receive any proceeds from the Fund. We are subject to different investment limitations than certain of the Other Oaktree Funds and, accordingly, may have a materially different portfolio than such Other Oaktree Funds. In addition, the fees and expenses we pay may be different from, and may be higher than, those applicable to the Other Oaktree Funds. There can be no assurance that we will be able to (a) successfully identify, make and realize upon any particular investment or (b) achieve
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desired spreads and yields to maturity (or that such performance will be commensurate with the risks associated with an investment in the Fund). Actual realized returns will depend on, among other factors, future operating results, pace of deployment, refinancings, whether such interests are held to maturity, value of the underlying assets, foreclosures, market conditions, legal and contractual restrictions, any related transaction costs, and the timing and manner of sale, all of which may differ from the circumstances on which the valuations used in the prior performance data contained herein are based. Accordingly, an investment should only be considered by persons that can afford a loss of their entire investment. Shareholders must rely on the Fund and the Adviser to implement investment policies, to evaluate all investment opportunities and to structure the terms of investments rather than evaluating investments in advance.
We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and that the value of shareholders investments could decline substantially or that shareholders investments could become worthless. We anticipate, based on the amount of proceeds raised in this offering and any subsequent offerings that it could take some time to invest substantially all of the capital we expect to raise due to market conditions generally and the time necessary to identify, evaluate, structure, negotiate and close suitable investments. In order to comply with the RIC diversification requirements during the startup period, we may invest proceeds in temporary investments, such as cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less from the time of investment, which we expect will earn yields substantially lower than the interest, dividend or other income that we seek to receive in respect of suitable portfolio investments. We may not be able to pay any significant distributions during this period, and any such distributions may be substantially lower than the distributions it expects to pay when our portfolio is fully invested. We will pay the management fee to the Adviser throughout this interim period irrespective of performance. If the management fee and other expenses exceed the return on the temporary investments, our equity capital will be eroded.
An investment in the Fund is not suitable for all investors.
An investment in the Fund is not suitable for all investors. An investment is suitable only for sophisticated investors, and an investor must have the financial ability to understand and willingness to accept the extent of its exposure to the risks and lack of liquidity inherent in an investment in the Fund. Investors should consult their professional advisers to assist them in making their own legal, tax, accounting and financial evaluation of the merits and risks of investment in the Fund in light of their own circumstances and financial condition. An investment in the Fund requires a long-term commitment, and there can be no assurance that our investment objective will be achieved or that there will be any return of capital. Therefore, investors should only invest in the Fund if they can withstand a total loss of their investment.
Additionally, if investing through a self-directed individual retirement account (IRA), investors should consider the unique risks and additional considerations applicable to investments made through self-directed IRAs. In particular, such an investor should consider whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the IRA, whether there is sufficient liquidity in the IRA should the IRAs beneficiary need to take a mandatory distribution, and whether the investment could give rise to a non-exempt prohibited transaction under applicable law, which generally includes certain specified transactions between an IRA and a disqualified person within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code. There can be no assurance that the Fund will not be a disqualified person with respect to any particular IRA, or that an exemption would be available for any prohibited transaction.
Our investment portfolio may not be diversified across companies, industries, types of securities or geographic regions.
Except to the extent required as a BDC (see Regulation) or RIC (see Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations), the Adviser is not under any other obligation to diversify our investments, whether by reference to the amount invested or the industries or geographical areas in which portfolio companies operate.
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The Adviser may allocate capital among investments as it determines in its sole discretion, subject to the goal of maximizing our returns, and shareholders will have no assurances with respect to the diversification or geographic concentration of the investment program. This lack of diversification will expose us to losses disproportionate to market declines in general if there are disproportionately greater adverse price movements in the particular investments, and our investment portfolio may be subject to more rapid changes in value than would be the case if we were required to maintain a wide diversification among companies, industries and types of securities. To the extent we hold investments concentrated in a particular issuer, security, asset class, industry or geographic region, we will be more susceptible than a more widely diversified investment partnership to the negative consequences of a single corporate, economic, political or regulatory event. Unfavorable performance by any number of investments could substantially adversely affect the aggregate returns realized by shareholders.
Our Board of Trustees has broad discretionary power with respect to our investment objective, policies and strategies.
Our Board of Trustees has the authority to modify or waive our current investment objective, operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current investment objective, operating policies and strategies would have on our business, NAV and operating results. However, the effects might be adverse, which could negatively impact our ability to pay distributions and cause shareholders to lose part or all of their investment.
Our Board of Trustees may amend our Declaration of Trust without prior shareholder approval.
Our Board of Trustees may, without shareholder vote, subject to certain exceptions, amend or otherwise supplement the Declaration of Trust by making an amendment, a Declaration of Trust supplemental thereto or an amended and restated Declaration of Trust, including without limitation to classify the Board of Trustees, to impose advance notice bylaw provisions for Trustee nominations or for shareholder proposals, to require super- majority approval of transactions with significant shareholders or other provisions that may be characterized as anti-takeover in nature.
We have not selected all of the investments we will make; the market for the Funds target investments is highly competitive.
We have not selected all of the investments that we will make, and our shareholders will not have an opportunity to evaluate for themselves the relevant economic, financial and other information regarding our investments. Therefore, purchasers of the Common Shares will be dependent upon the judgment and ability of the Adviser and its affiliates in sourcing transactions and investing and managing our capital.
No assurance can be given that the Adviser will be able to identify and obtain a sufficient number of investment opportunities to invest the full amount of our capital, including any leverage, or that our investment objective will be achieved. Even if sufficient investment opportunities are identified, they may be allocated first to Other Oaktree Funds. See Risks Related to the Adviser and its Affiliates; Conflicts of Interest. The activity of identifying and completing investments is highly competitive and involves a high degree of uncertainty and risk. We compete for investments with various other investors, such as other public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity funds, some of which may be our affiliates. Other funds may have investment objectives that overlap with ours, which may create competition for investment opportunities. Many competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us, and may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships. Furthermore, many competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act and the Code impose on us. The competitive pressures could impair our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a result of this competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities.
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To the extent that we encounter competition for investments, returns to our shareholders may decrease, including as a result of higher pricing, foregoing opportunities or negotiating fewer transactional protections in order to remain competitive. Additionally, we may incur bid, due diligence, negotiating, consulting or other costs on investments that may not be successful. There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify, complete and exit investments which satisfy our investment objective, or realize upon their values, or that we will be able to invest fully our capital.
We rely on portfolio company management teams to operate their businesses successfully.
We generally invest in healthy companies with proven operating management in place; however, there can be no assurance that such management will continue to operate successfully. Although the Adviser monitors the performance of each investment and may make recommendations, we rely upon management to operate the portfolio companies on a day-to-day basis and, if applicable, equity sponsors who control the boards of directors of the portfolio companies to select qualified management for such companies. In addition, certain of our investments may be in businesses with limited operating histories.
We bear costs associated with due diligence of our potential investments, and such due diligence may not identify all risks associated with investments we make.
Before we make an investment, the Adviser conducts such due diligence as it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to the investment. Due diligence may entail marketing studies, business plan development, evaluation of important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, and legal issues as well as background investigations of individuals. Outside professionals, consultants, legal advisors, accountants, investment banks and other third parties may be involved in the due diligence process to varying degrees depending on the type of investment. The involvement of such third parties may present a number of risks primarily relating to reduced control of the functions that are outsourced and may entail significant third-party expenses, which are generally borne by the Fund. In addition, if the Adviser is unable to timely engage third-party providers, its ability to evaluate and acquire more complex assets could be adversely affected. Due diligence investigations with respect to any investment opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating the investment opportunity. Moreover, there can be no assurance that attempts to identify risks associated with an investment will achieve their desired effect. Potential investors should regard an investment in the Fund as being speculative and having a high degree of risk.
In the event of fraud, any material misrepresentation or omission or any professional negligence by any seller or originator of assets or such sellers or originators representatives, or by any other party, we may suffer a material loss of capital and the value of our investments may be adversely impacted. We will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by various persons in the due diligence process and cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness.
We bear costs and risks associated with the hiring of third-party service providers.
Certain of our and the Advisers operations may interface with and/or depend on third-party service providers, and we or the Adviser may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of such third parties. We may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them. The costs, fees and expenses associated with the provision of such services by third-party service providers are generally borne by the Fund instead of the Adviser, thereby increasing the expenses borne by the shareholders.
The Adviser may utilize financial projections to evaluate investments, and such projections are inherently uncertain and may be inaccurate.
We may rely upon projections developed by the Adviser or a third party concerning an investments future performance and cash flow, including when deciding that the possibility of actual adversity in connection with an
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investment in a different part of the capital structure of the portfolio company is remote. Projections are inherently subject to uncertainty and factors beyond the control of the Adviser and the portfolio company. In all cases, projections are only estimates of future results that are based upon assumptions made at the time that the projections are developed. Different assumptions may produce different results. The inaccuracy of certain assumptions, the failure to satisfy certain financial requirements and the occurrence of other unforeseen events could impair the ability of a portfolio company to realize projected values and cash flow and could trigger the need for us to remain passive in the event of a restructuring. In addition, prospective investors should note that projected performance is not indicative of future results, and there can be no assurance that the projected results or expected returns will be achieved or that we will be able to effectively implement our investment objective.
In addition, the Adviser may determine the suitability of investments based in part on the basis of financial projections for portfolio issuers. Events or conditions, including changes in general market conditions, which may not have been anticipated or which are otherwise not foreseeable, may occur and have a significant impact on the actual rate of return received with respect to our investments.
Our success depends in part on the Advisers ability to effect operating improvements at portfolio companies.
In some cases, the success of our investment strategy depends, in part, on the ability of the Adviser to provide institutional management experience and financial insights to portfolio company management, and to restructure and effect improvements in the operations of a portfolio company. The activity of identifying and implementing restructuring programs (and operating improvements at portfolio companies) entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to successfully identify and implement such restructuring programs and improvements or that such insights and experience will be utilized and implemented by portfolio companies and, even if implemented, that they will result in operating improvements.
Our inability to deploy capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities could adversely affect the overall returns of the Fund.
In light of the need to be able to deploy capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities or to establish reserves for anticipated debts, liabilities or obligations, including liquidity needs, we may hold cash in money market investments pending deployment into other investments, the amount of which may at times be significant. While the duration of any such holding period is expected to be relatively short, in the event we are unable to find suitable investments, such money market investments may be held for longer periods, which would dilute overall investment returns. It is not anticipated that the temporary investment of such cash into money market investments will generate significant interest, and shareholders should understand that such low interest payments on the temporarily invested cash may adversely affect the overall returns of the Fund.
Our ability to make follow-on investments may substantially impact the success of our investments.
We may be called upon to provide follow-on funding for our investments or have the opportunity to increase our investment in such investments. There can be no assurance that we will wish to make follow-on investments or that we will have sufficient funds to do so. Any decision not to make follow-on investments or our inability to make them may have a substantial negative impact on an investment in need of such an investment or may diminish our ability to influence such investments future development. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to predict accurately how much capital may need to be reserved for participation in follow-on investments. If more capital is reserved than is necessary, then we may receive a lower allocation of other investment opportunities. If less capital is reserved than is necessary, then we may not be able to fully protect or enhance its existing investment. If we do not have sufficient capital to participate in all (or a portion) of a follow-on investment opportunity, an Other Oaktree Fund may participate in such follow-on opportunity in lieu of or alongside the Fund in accordance with the Investment Allocation Considerations described in Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities.
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An investment in our Common Shares has limited liquidity.
Our Common Shares constitute illiquid investments for which there is not, and will likely not be, a secondary market at any time prior to a public offering and listing of our Common Shares on a national securities exchange. There can be no guarantee that we will conduct a public offering and list our shares on a national securities exchange. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for sophisticated investors and requires the financial ability and willingness to accept the high risks and lack of liquidity inherent in such investment. Except in limited circumstances for legal or regulatory purposes, shareholders are not entitled to redeem their shares. Shareholders must be prepared to bear the economic risk of an investment in our Common Shares for an extended period of time.
We may not pay distributions to our shareholders.
We pay, and intend to continue to pay, distributions to shareholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure shareholders that we will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to sustain a specified level of cash distributions or periodic increases in cash distributions. In addition, the inability to satisfy the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC can limit our ability to pay distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of ability to be subject to tax as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as the Board of Trustees may deem relevant from time to time. There can be no assurance that we will continue to pay distributions to shareholders.
Although we have implemented a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase your shares and to amend or suspend the program.
Our Board of Trustees may amend or suspend the share repurchase program at any time in its discretion. Shareholders may not be able to sell your shares at all in the event our Board of Trustees amends or suspends the share repurchase program, absent a liquidity event, and we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. We will notify shareholders of such developments in our quarterly reports or other filings. If less than the full amount of Common Shares requested to be repurchased in any given repurchase offer are repurchased, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of Common Shares being repurchased without regard to class. The share repurchase program has many limitations and should not be relied upon as a method to sell shares promptly or at a desired price.
The timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our shareholders.
In the event a shareholder chooses to participate in our share repurchase program, the shareholder will be required to provide us with notice of intent to participate prior to knowing what the NAV per share of the class of shares being repurchased will be on the Repurchase Date. Although a shareholder will have the ability to withdraw a repurchase request prior to the Repurchase Date, to the extent a shareholder seeks to sell shares to us as part of our periodic share repurchase program, the shareholder will be required to do so without knowledge of what the repurchase price of our shares will be on the repurchase date.
Shareholders may experience dilution.
Holders of our Common Shares will not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our Declaration of Trust allows us to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares. After you purchase Common Shares in this offering, our Board of Trustees may elect, without shareholder approval, to: (1) sell additional shares in this or future public offerings; (2) issue Common Shares or interests in any of our subsidiaries in private offerings; (3) issue Common Shares upon the exercise of the options we may grant to our independent trustees or future employees; or (4) subject to applicable law, issue Common Shares in payment of an outstanding obligation
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to pay fees for services rendered to us. To the extent we issue additional Common Shares after your purchase in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. Because of these and other reasons, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution in their percentage ownership of our shares or their interests in the underlying assets held by our subsidiaries.
All distributions declared in cash payable to shareholders that are participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will generally be automatically reinvested in our Common Shares. As a result, shareholders that do not participate in our distribution reinvestment plan may experience dilution over time.
We may make co-investments with third parties.
We may co-invest with third parties through funds, joint ventures or other entities. Such investments may involve risks not present in investments where a third party is not involved, including the possibility that a co-venturer or partner of the Fund may at any time have other business interests and investments other than the joint venture with the Fund, or may have economic or business goals different from those of the Fund. In addition, we may be liable for actions of our co-venturers or partners. Our ability to exercise control or significant influence over management in these cooperative efforts will depend upon the nature of the joint venture arrangement, and certain joint venture arrangements may pose risks of impasse if no single party controls the joint venture. In addition, such arrangements are likely to involve restrictions on the resale of our interest in the company. Even if the nature of the joint venture arrangement permits us acquire the assets of the joint venture from our co-venturers or partners, we may not have the resources to do so.
Investments in non-U.S. entities pose special risks and considerations.
We may invest in the securities or obligations of non-U.S. entities. Certain non-U.S. investments involve risks and special considerations not typically associated with U.S. investments. Such risks include (a) the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation, (b) social, economic and political uncertainty, including war, and revolution, (c) dependence on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade, (d) differences between U.S. and non-U.S. markets, including price fluctuations, market volatility, less liquidity and smaller capitalization of securities markets, (e) currency exchange rate fluctuations, (f) rates of inflation, (g) controls on, and changes in controls on, non-U.S. investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on our ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars, (h) governmental involvement in and control over the economies, (i) governmental decisions to discontinue support of economic reform programs generally and impose centrally planned economies, (j) differences in auditing and financial reporting standards that may result in the unavailability of material information about issuers, (k) less extensive regulation of the securities markets, (l) longer settlement periods for securities transactions, (m) less developed corporate laws regarding fiduciary duties and the protection of investors, (n) less reliable judicial systems to enforce contracts and applicable law, (o) certain considerations regarding the maintenance of our portfolio securities and cash with non-U.S. sub-custodians and securities depositories, (p) the possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes on income and gains recognized, or gross proceeds received, with respect to such non-U.S. investments, (q) restrictions and prohibitions on ownership of property by non-U.S. entities and changes in laws relating thereto, (r) additional transactional costs and administrative burdens as a result of local legal requirements and (s) crime, corruption, terrorism, political unrest and war. We may be adversely affected by the foregoing events, or by future adverse developments in global or regional economic conditions or in the financial or credit markets.
There may be restrictions which limit or preclude our investments in non-U.S. entities, and we may face difficulty repatriating investment proceeds from non-U.S. investments.
Non-U.S. investment in the securities of issuers in certain nations is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude non-U.S. investment in issuers in such nations and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain countries may restrict investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests. Some countries require governmental approval for the
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repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by non-U.S. investors. In addition, if there is a deterioration in a countrys balance of payments or for other reasons, a country may impose temporary restrictions on, or altogether change its restrictions on, non-U.S. capital remittances abroad. In response to sovereign debt or currency crises, for example, certain governments have enacted legislation that imposes restrictions on the inflow and outflow of non-U.S. currency into and from such country. These restrictions may adversely affect our ability to source investments or to repatriate investment proceeds. Repatriation of capital was particularly a problem during the sovereign debt and currency crises of the 1990s and continues to be a problem today in certain countries. Even where capital controls do not prohibit remittances abroad, the repatriation of proceeds from investment dispositions may require the procurement of a substantial number of regulatory consents, certificates and approvals, including licenses for the Fund and clearance certificates from tax or monetary authorities. Obtaining such approvals or licenses may be difficult, expensive and time consuming and may depend on political or other factors outside our control. Finally, repatriation of income from and investments in entities that are organized or domiciled in non-U.S. countries may be affected adversely by local withholding and other non-U.S. tax requirements. The foregoing requirements and restrictions may adversely affect our ability to source investments or to repatriate investment proceeds, and there can be no assurance that we will be permitted to repatriate capital or profits, if any, from the non-U.S. jurisdictions in which it invests.
Deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting could prevent us from accurately and timely reporting our financial results.
We may identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future, including significant deficiencies and material weaknesses. A significant deficiency is a deficiency or a combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of a companys financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a companys annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis.
Failure to identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner or to remediate any deficiencies, or the identification of material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the future could prevent us from accurately and timely reporting our financial results.
The process of valuing our portfolio is subject to inherent uncertainties and judgments, which could impact how our NAV is calculated.
Valuations of our portfolio, which affect the amount of the management fee and incentive fee and our performance results, may involve uncertainties and judgmental determinations. Further, the methodology for the calculation of the management fee and incentive fee creates a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser in determining valuations. As a BDC, we are required to account for our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board of Trustees or its designee. Typically, there is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which we invest. As a result, we value these securities quarterly at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board of Trustees or its designee. Our Board of Trustees has designated the Adviser as the valuation designee pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act. The fair value of such securities may change, potentially materially, between the date of the fair value determination and the release of the financial results for the corresponding period or the next date at which fair value is determined.
The process of valuing securities for which reliable market quotations are not available is based on inherent uncertainties, and the resulting values may differ from values that would have been determined had a ready
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market existed for such securities and may differ from the prices at which such securities may ultimately be sold. Further, third-party pricing information may at times not be available regarding certain of our securities, derivatives and other assets. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of our investments include the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio companys earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to comparable publicly traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our or the Advisers determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these securities existed. In addition, any investments that include OID or PIK interest may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require ongoing judgments about the collectability of their deferred payments and the value of their underlying collateral. Due to these uncertainties, fair value determinations may cause the NAV on a given date to materially understate or overstate the value that the Fund ultimately realizes upon the sale of one or more investments.
A disruption in the secondary markets for our investments may limit the ability of the Adviser to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing our investments and calculating our NAV. In addition, material events occurring after the close of a principal market upon which a portion of the securities or other assets of the Fund are traded may require the Adviser to make a determination of the effect of a material event on the value of the securities or other assets traded on the market for purposes of determining the fair value of our investments on a valuation date. If the valuation of our securities in accordance with the Advisers valuation policy should prove to be incorrect, the fair value of our investments could be adversely affected. Absent bad faith or manifest error, valuation determinations in accordance with the Advisers valuation policy will be conclusive and binding. Furthermore, these values will be used to determine our NAV. To the extent these investments are undervalued or overvalued, the Common Shares of existing shareholders or newly admitted shareholders could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to the Adviser and its Affiliates; Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser relies on key personnel, the loss of any of whom could impair its ability to successfully manage us, and shareholders will have no right to control our operations.
Our success depends in substantial part on the management, skill and acumen of the Adviser and the Investment Professionals. An investment in the Common Shares is a passive investment, and shareholders will have no opportunity to control our day-to-day operations, including any investment or disposition decisions. Subjective decisions made by the Adviser may cause us to incur losses or to miss profit opportunities on which we might otherwise have capitalized. Shareholders have no direct rights against third parties engaged by Oaktree in respect of the Fund.
There can be no assurance that the Investment Professionals and such other professionals will continue to be available to the Adviser throughout the life of the Fund. In addition, neither the Fund nor the Adviser maintains life insurance for any of the key Investment Professionals or has employment agreements covering all of the Funds executive officers. The loss of any of the Investment Professionals and such other professionals could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. Moreover, certain of the Investment Professionals are also responsible for investing and managing the capital of certain Other Oaktree Funds, which require that such Investment Professionals devote considerable time to such Other Oaktree Funds instead of the Fund.
The Adviser may be incentivized to make investments that are risky or speculative in order to enhance our performance.
The fact that the incentive fee is based on our performance may create an incentive for the Adviser to make investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of the incentive fee. The way in which the incentive fee is determined may encourage the Adviser to use leverage to
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increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase our likelihood of default, which would disfavor shareholders, and could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns.
In addition, the portion of the incentive fee based on Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income and payable to the Adviser will be computed and paid on income that may include interest income that has been accrued but not yet received in cash, such as OID interest, debt instruments with PIK interest and zero coupon securities and obligations. As a result, for any calendar quarter, the incentive fee attributable to Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income that is paid to the Adviser may be calculated on the basis of an amount that is greater than the amount of net investment income actually received by the Fund for such calendar quarter. This fee structure may be considered to involve a conflict of interest for the Adviser to the extent that it may encourage the Adviser to favor debt financings that provide for deferred interest, rather than current cash payments of interest. The Adviser may have an incentive for the Fund to invest in deferred interest securities or obligations in circumstances where it would not have done so but for the opportunity to continue to earn the Investment Income incentive fee even when the issuers of the deferred interest securities or obligations would not be able to make actual cash payments on such securities and obligations. Moreover, certain of the types of investments within our investment objective, such as PIK toggle debt, may result in a PIK election, which may have the simultaneous effect of increasing the assets under management, thereby increasing the management fee and increasing investment income, thus increasing the incentive fee.
This risk could be increased because the Adviser is not obligated to reimburse the Fund for any distributions of incentive fees previously received even if the Fund subsequently incurs losses or never receives, in cash, the deferred income that was previously accrued. Thus, while the shareholders will share in both the risks and rewards of investing in such instruments, the Adviser will not share in such risks.
In the event that losses are allocated to the Fund for a given annual period, the Adviser is not required to reduce the incentive fee credited for prior annual periods. Shareholders should also be aware that a rise in the general level of interest rates can generally be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to our debt investments. Accordingly, an increase in interest rates would make it easier for the hurdle rate to be met or exceeded and may result in a substantial increase of the amount of incentive fee payable to the Adviser with respect to the Investment Income incentive fee without a corresponding increase in performance relative to the market as a whole.
No index will be used as a comparative measure of investment performance as a basis for calculating the incentive fee.
We have and may in the future be required to pay the Adviser the incentive fee for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or we incur a net loss for that quarter.
The Adviser will be entitled to the incentive fee for each fiscal quarter in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess of Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income for that quarter above a threshold return for that quarter. For these purposes, the Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income excludes realized capital gains, realized capital losses, unrealized capital appreciation and unrealized capital depreciation that we may incur in the fiscal quarter, even if such capital losses result in a net loss for the Fund for that quarter. Thus, we have and may in the future be required to pay the Adviser the incentive fee for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or we incur a net loss for that quarter. If we pay an incentive fee of 12.5% of realized capital gains (net of all realized capital losses on a cumulative basis and unrealized capital depreciation), and thereafter experiences additional realized capital losses or unrealized capital depreciation, we will not be able to recover any portion of the incentive fee previously paid.
The Adviser may be incentivized to increase our NAV by purchasing assets with borrowed amounts.
The management fee is based on our NAV, including assets purchased with borrowed amounts. The Adviser may, therefore, be incentivized to increase such borrowing to increase the management fee. Under certain
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circumstances, the use of increased leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor shareholders.
There may be conflicts of interest related to obligations that the Advisers senior management and investment team have to Other Oaktree Funds.
Actual and potential conflicts between the Adviser and its affiliates, on one hand, and us and our portfolio companies, on the other hand, are expected to occur. Oaktree manages the Other Oaktree Funds, which present the possibility of overlapping investments, and thus the potential for conflicts of interest. In particular, on the risk/reward spectrum, we sit between Oaktrees High Yield Bond Funds and Accounts and Senior Loan Funds and Accounts and the Distressed Debt Funds (each as defined in Potential Conflicts of Interest). Many of the investments targeted by us may be appropriate for these Other Oaktree Funds but for the expected yield at the time of investment, so in retrospect or at different points in the market cycle, investments that were made by the Fund may seem more appropriate for an Other Oaktree Fund, and vice versa. Shareholders will have no ability to challenge such allocation so long as it was made in good faith in accordance with the procedures discussed in Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities. Such procedures give Oaktree broad authority to allocate investment opportunities, notwithstanding the potential conflicts of interest that may exist. For example, management fees or incentive allocations and fees and liquidity provisions may differ significantly between the Fund and the Other Oaktree Funds, creating an economic incentive for Oaktree to allocate investments that may be appropriate for a lower fee or more liquid strategy to a higher fee or less liquid strategy.
Our executive officers and trustees, and certain members of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund, or of investment funds managed by the Advisers affiliates. For example, the Adviser presently serves as the investment adviser to Oaktree Specialty Lending Corporation (OCSL), a publicly traded BDC. OCSL is a part of Oaktrees Private Credit strategy, which is a combination of Oaktrees Strategic Credit and U.S. Private Debt strategies. OCSL has historically invested in debt and debt-like instruments similar to those we target for investment. Therefore, there may be certain investment opportunities that satisfy our investment criteria and that of OCSL, as well as private investment funds and accounts advised or sub-advised by the Adviser or its affiliates. OCSL operates as a distinct and separate entity, and any investment in the Common Shares will not be an investment in OCSL. In addition, all of our executive officers serve in substantially similar capacities for OCSL. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in our best interests or the shareholders. For example, the personnel of the Adviser may face conflicts of interest in the allocation of investment opportunities. Oaktree has investment allocation guidelines that govern the allocation of investment opportunities among the investment funds and accounts managed or sub-advised by the Adviser and its affiliates. To the extent an investment opportunity is appropriate for the Fund, OCSL or any other investment fund or account managed or sub-advised by the Adviser or its affiliates, the Adviser will adhere to its investment allocation guidelines in order to determine a fair and equitable allocation.
In addition, in the event Oaktree forms one or more feeder vehicles to facilitate indirect investments in the Fund by certain investors, there are potential conflicts of interest between the interests of any such feeder vehicles and investors therein, on the one hand, and the business interests of Oaktree, on the other hand. Potential conflicts of interest may include, but are not limited to, the fact that one or more Oaktree affiliates will be the general partner, manager or managing member of any such feeder vehicle. If any matter arises that Oaktree determines in its good faith judgment constitutes an actual conflict of interest, Oaktree may take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to prevent or reduce the conflict, subject to the limitations of the Investment Company Act.
In addition, we may make investments in different parts of the capital structure of companies in which Other Oaktree Funds already hold an investment. Generally speaking, the Adviser expects that we will make such investments only when, at the time of investment, the Adviser believes such investment is in our best interests and either the possibility of actual adversity is remote, our investment is small and non-controlling or the Adviser
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believes that such investment is appropriate for the Fund in light of the particular circumstances, notwithstanding the potential for conflict. If any conflict were to arise, however, the Adviser will be permitted to take certain actions that, in the absence of such conflict, it would not take, such as causing the Fund to remain passive, investing in the same class of securities to align interests, divesting investments or taking other actions to reduce adversity, which may have the effect of benefiting certain Other Oaktree Funds, and not the Fund. Given that we generally intend to invest higher in the capital structure, it is likely we will remain passive in the event of a conflict, meaning that we must rely on other investors holding the same types of securities or obligations to advocate on behalf of our class. The Adviser will have no obligation to advise these other holders of any potential claims they may have of which The Adviser may be aware or to consider their interests when advocating on behalf of the Other Oaktree Funds that hold investments in lower parts of the capital structure.
Oaktrees existing relationships may influence any decision by the Adviser to undertake investments on our behalf.
Oaktree has long-term relationships with a significant number of companies and their respective senior management. Oaktree also has relationships with numerous investors, including institutional investors and their senior management. The existence and development of these relationships may influence whether or not the Adviser undertakes a particular investment on our behalf and, if so, the form and level of such investment. Similarly, the Adviser may take the existence and development of such relationships into consideration in its management of the Fund and our investments. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, there may, for example, be certain strategies involving the management or realization of particular investments that the Adviser will not employ on our behalf in light of these relationships.
Other services provided by broker-dealers and financing sources to Oaktree may influence the Advisers selection of these service providers on behalf of the Fund.
Conflicts of interest may exist with respect to the Advisers selection of brokers, dealers and transaction agents and counterparties (collectively, Broker-Dealers) and financing sources for the execution of transactions by the Fund. When engaging the services of Broker-Dealers and financing sources, the Adviser may, subject to best execution, take into consideration a variety of factors, including, to the extent applicable, the ability to achieve prompt and reliable execution, competitive pricing, transaction costs, operational efficiency with which transactions are effected, access to deal flow and precedent transactions, and the financial stability and reputation of the particular Broker-Dealer, as well as other factors that the Adviser deems appropriate to consider under the circumstances. Broker-Dealers and financing sources may provide other services that are beneficial to the Adviser, Oaktree and their affiliates but that are not necessarily beneficial to the Fund, including capital introductions, other marketing assistance, client and personnel referrals, consulting services and research-related services. These other services and items may influence the Advisers selection of Broker-Dealers and financing sources.
Oaktree currently manages and will continue to raise additional investment vehicles that may have a substantially similar investment focus as the Fund.
Within Oaktrees Private Credit strategy, Oaktree currently manages and will continue to raise additional separately managed accounts, private commingled funds and private or public BDCs. Each of these BDCs, funds and accounts may have a substantially similar investment focus as the Fund, although some may invest a larger percentage, as compared to the Fund, of its total assets or total capital commitments, whichever is greater, in any one issuer or consolidated issuer group, some may not originate loans to U.S. borrowers, and some will not invest in any investment that is categorized as a Level III asset under GAAP at the time of acquisition. Oaktree may also form parallel funds alongside any of such funds and accounts and may raise other funds and accounts within the Private Credit strategy in the future. All of such funds and accounts, whether now existing or subsequently created, are referred to herein collectively as the Related Private Credit Funds.
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The Adviser intends to allocate investment opportunities among the Fund and the Related Private Credit Funds in accordance with the procedures discussed in Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities. However, the fee structures and other terms among the Fund and the Related Private Credit Funds are different, and the Adviser may, therefore, have an incentive to allocate certain opportunities to such funds and accounts for which Oaktree or the general partners of such funds or accounts will receive greater fees, which may result in more attractive but riskier or less liquid opportunities being weighted to a particular fund or account.
While Oaktree does not intend to accept more capital into its Private Credit strategy than it believes it can prudently invest at the time, the Private Credit strategy has expanded and is continuing to expand significantly, and the investment process may be burdened by the number of new funds and accounts within the strategy. We have to share the attention of the Investment Professionals with the Related Private Credit Funds, which could result in the Investment Professionals focusing more on funds and accounts that have more investor capital or that require greater administrative attention.
We may not receive investment opportunities that are allocated to other investment vehicles managed or sponsored by the Adviser.
We and certain of our controlled affiliates are prohibited under the Investment Company Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with upstream affiliates, or with the Adviser and its affiliates, without the prior approval of independent trustees and, in some cases, the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities is an upstream affiliate for purposes of the Investment Company Act, and we are generally prohibited from buying or selling any security (other than our securities) from or to such affiliate, absent the prior approval of independent trustees. The Investment Company Act also prohibits joint transactions with an upstream affiliate, or the Adviser or its affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of independent trustees. In addition, we and certain of our controlled affiliates are prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to, or entering into joint transactions with, the Adviser and its affiliates, or any person who owns more than 25% of our voting securities or is otherwise deemed to control, be controlled by, or be under common control with the Fund, absent the prior approval of the SEC through an exemptive order (other than in certain limited situations pursuant to current regulatory guidance as described below). The analysis of whether a particular transaction constitutes a joint transaction requires a review of the relevant facts and circumstances then existing.
As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. For example, we are not generally permitted to invest in any portfolio company in which an Other Oaktree Fund or any of its downstream affiliates (other than us and our downstream affiliates) currently has an investment, or to make any co-investments with the Adviser or its affiliates, including any Other Oaktree Funds or any of its downstream affiliates (other than us and our downstream affiliates), without exemptive relief from the SEC, subject to certain exceptions.
We have in the past co-invested, and in the future may co-invest, with certain affiliates of the Adviser. The Adviser has received the Exemptive Relief from the SEC to allow certain managed funds and accounts, each of whose investment adviser is the Adviser or an investment adviser controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser, as well as certain Oaktree proprietary accounts, to participate in negotiated co-investment transactions where doing so is consistent with the applicable registered funds or business development companys investment objective and strategies as well as regulatory requirements and other pertinent factors, and pursuant to the conditions thereof. Each potential co-investment opportunity that falls under the terms of the Exemptive Relief and is appropriate for the Fund and any affiliated fund or account, and that satisfies the then-current board-established criteria, will be offered to the Fund and such other eligible funds and accounts. If there is a sufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated among the participants in accordance with their proposed order size, and if there is an insufficient amount of securities to satisfy all participants, the securities will be allocated pro rata based on the investment proposed by
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the applicable investment adviser to such participant, up to the amount proposed to be invested by each, which is reviewed and approved by an independent committee of legal, compliance and accounting professionals at the Adviser.
Although the Adviser will endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, the Fund and the shareholders could be adversely affected to the extent investment opportunities are allocated to other investment vehicles managed or sponsored by, or affiliated with, our executive officers, trustees and members of the Adviser. We might not participate in each individual opportunity but will, on an overall basis, be entitled to participate equitably with other entities managed by the Adviser and its affiliates. The Adviser seeks to treat all clients fairly and equitably over time such that none receives preferential treatment vis-à-vis the others over time, in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duty to each of them; however, in some instances, especially in instances of limited liquidity, the factors may not result in pro rata allocations or may result in situations where certain funds or accounts receive allocations where others do not.
Brookfield will have the right to appoint a majority of Oaktrees board of directors, which could give rise to conflicts of interest or magnify existing conflicts of interest.
In 2019, Brookfield acquired a majority economic interest in OCG, an indirect controlling parent of Oaktree. After an initial period of up to seven years from the date of the transaction closing, Brookfield will have the right to appoint a majority of Oaktrees board of directors and assume control of Oaktrees business if it chooses to do so, which could give rise to conflicts of interest or magnify existing conflicts of interest. See Potential Conflicts of InterestConflicts Relating to Acquisition of OCG by Brookfield for a discussion of these conflicts.
The Adviser may offer other investors the opportunity to participate in investments side by side with the Fund.
The Adviser may in its sole discretion offer strategic and other investors the opportunity to participate in one or more Fund investments on a side-by-side basis, subject to the Investment Allocation Considerations described in Investment Objective and StrategiesAllocation of Investment Opportunities. The terms of any such investment opportunity will be determined by the Adviser, including any management fee or incentive fee charged in connection therewith, and may vary with respect to any such investment opportunity.
Portfolio companies of Other Oaktree Funds may compete with our portfolio companies.
Portfolio companies of Other Oaktree Funds may engage in, or may in the future engage in, a broad range of business activities and may invest in, or transact with, companies whose operations may be substantially similar to and/or competitive with the portfolio companies in which we may invest. The performance and operation of such other businesses and investments could conflict with and adversely affect the performance and operation of our portfolio companies, and may adversely affect the prices and availability of business opportunities or transactions available to such portfolio companies and the Fund.
In addition, the activities of portfolio companies of Other Oaktree Funds may have an effect on the existing investments of and/or investment opportunities available to the Fund. For example, any such investment could result in antitrust complexities for the Fund, or any such investment in a particular industry could limit our ability to pursue other opportunities within the same or related industries. Furthermore, the activities of such portfolio companies of Other Oaktree Funds may subject us and/or our portfolio companies and/or issuers to laws, rules and/or regulations of U.S., European and/or any other jurisdictions, in each case, that would not otherwise be applicable to us or our portfolio companies or issuers. Compliance with such laws, rules and regulations may place material burdens and/or limitations on, and may give rise to material costs borne by, us and/or our portfolio companies and/or issuers (including payment of back-taxes and penalties and compliance with additional reporting obligations), any or all of which may have a material adverse effect on our activities and operations.
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Oaktree personnel will work on matters related to Other Oaktree Funds.
The Adviser and its affiliates devote such time as they deem necessary to conduct the business affairs of the Fund in an appropriate manner. However, Oaktree personnel work on matters related to Other Oaktree Funds.
We may realize different investment returns than Other Oaktree Funds.
We and Other Oaktree Funds may make investments at different times and/or on different terms or exit any of such investments at different times and/or on different terms compared to such investment made on our behalf. Therefore, we may realize different investment returns than such Other Oaktree Funds, with respect to any investment made alongside some or all of such entities.
The Adviser has sole discretion in determining which investment opportunities we will be offered. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will be offered the opportunity to invest in any particular investments or type of investments alongside any Other Oaktree Funds. The terms, conditions and the time of investment and disposition of investments we hold may be materially different from those of any such Other Oaktree Funds.
There may be trademark risk, as we do not own the Oaktree name.
We do not own the Oaktree name, but we are permitted to use it as part of our corporate name pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement. Use of the name by other parties or the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement may harm our business.
Federal Income Tax Risks
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code or to satisfy RIC distribution requirements.
To obtain and maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code, we must, among other things, meet annual distribution, income source and asset diversification requirements. If we do not qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and are subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For federal income tax purposes, we may be required to recognize taxable income in circumstances in which we do not receive a corresponding payment in cash. For example, if we hold debt obligations that are treated under applicable tax rules as having original issue discount (such as zero coupon securities, debt instruments with PIK interest or, in certain cases, increasing interest rates or debt instruments that were issued with warrants), we must include in income each year a portion of the original issue discount that accrues over the life of the obligation, regardless of whether cash representing such income is received by us in the same taxable year. We may also have to include in income other amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as deferred loan origination fees that are paid after origination of the loan or are paid in non-cash compensation such as warrants or stock. We anticipate that a portion of our income may constitute original issue discount or other income required to be included in taxable income prior to receipt of cash. Further, we may elect to amortize market discount and include such amounts in our taxable income in the current year, instead of upon disposition, as an election not to do so would limit our ability to deduct interest expenses for tax purposes.
Because any original issue discount or other amounts accrued will be included in our investment company taxable income for the year of the accrual, we may be required to make a distribution to our shareholders in order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement, even though we will not have received any corresponding cash
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amount. As a result, we may have difficulty meeting the annual distribution requirement necessary to qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment under Subchapter M of the Code. We may have to sell some of our investments at times and/or at prices we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or forgo new investment opportunities for this purpose. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may not qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.
Some of our investments may be subject to corporate-level income tax.
We may invest in certain debt and equity investments through taxable subsidiaries and the taxable income of these taxable subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state corporate income taxes. We may invest in certain foreign debt and equity investments which could be subject to foreign taxes (such as income tax, withholding and value added taxes).
Our portfolio investments may present special tax issues.
The Fund invests in debt securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund, to the extent necessary, to preserve its status as a RIC and to distribute sufficient income to not become subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Legislative or regulatory tax changes could adversely affect investors.
At any time, the federal income tax laws governing RICs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. Any of those new laws, regulations or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could adversely affect the taxation of us or our shareholders. Therefore, changes in tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations or any amendments thereto could diminish the value of an investment in our shares or the value or the resale potential of our investments.
General Risk Factors
General economic and market conditions, including those caused by inflation and a rising interest rate environment, could materially affect the success of our activities and investments.
Any disruptions in the capital markets, as a result of inflation and a rising interest environment or otherwise, may increase the spread between the yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities and can result in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial sector and re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated market. These and any other unfavorable economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. Significant changes in the capital markets, such as disruptions in economic activity caused by the outbreak of a novel and highly contagious form of coronavirus (COVID-19) and Russias military invasion of Ukraine, have limited and could continue to limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and have a material negative impact on our and our portfolio companies operating results and the fair values of our debt and equity investments. More recently, the fair value of our investments has been adversely affected by increasing market yields.
Many factors affect the appeal and availability of investments in companies and the securities and obligations that are our focus. The success of our activities could be materially adversely affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic
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uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of our investments), trade barriers and currency exchange controls, and national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations) in respect of the countries in which we may invest, as well as by numerous other factors outside the control of the Adviser or its affiliates. These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of our investments, which could impair our profitability or result in losses. In addition, general fluctuations in the market prices of securities and interest rates may affect our investment opportunities and the value of our investments. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow or negatively impact our operating results.
Oaktrees financial condition may be adversely affected by a significant general economic downturn and it may be subject to legal, regulatory, reputational and other unforeseen risks that could have a material adverse effect on Oaktrees business and operations, which includes the Adviser, and thereby could impact the Fund. Moreover, a recession, slowdown and/or sustained downturn in the U.S. or global economy (or any particular segment thereof) or weakening of credit markets will adversely affect our profitability, impede the ability of our portfolio companies to perform under or refinance their existing obligations, and impair our ability to effectively exit investments on favorable terms. Any of the foregoing events could result in substantial or total losses to the Fund in respect of certain investments, which losses could be exacerbated by the presence of leverage in a particular portfolio companys capital structure.
In addition, economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies. A continuation of this trend could adversely affect global economic conditions and world markets and, in turn, could adversely affect our performance. The economies of particular individual emerging markets countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from one another in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Governments of many emerging markets countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, including owning or controlling such countries large companies.
Economic recessions or downturns may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and could impair the ability of our portfolio companies to repay debt or pay interest.
Economic recessions or downturns may result in a prolonged period of market illiquidity which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Unfavorable economic conditions, including sustained inflation and rising interest rates, also have and could further increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could limit our investment originations, limit our ability to grow and negatively impact our operating results. In addition, uncertainty with regard to economic recovery from recessions or downturns could also have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
When recessionary conditions exist, the financial results of middle-market companies, like those in which we invest, typically experience deterioration, which could ultimately lead to difficulty in meeting debt service requirements and an increase in defaults. Additionally, there can be reduced demand for certain of our portfolio companies products and services and/or other economic consequences, such as decreased margins or extended payment terms. Further, adverse economic conditions may decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Such conditions may require us to modify the payment terms of our investments, including changes in PIK interest provisions and/or cash interest rates. The performance of certain of our portfolio companies has been, and in the future may be, negatively impacted by these economic or other conditions, which may result in our receipt of reduced interest income from our portfolio companies and/or realized and unrealized losses related to our investments, and, in turn, may adversely affect distributable income and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
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Global economic, political and market conditions, including downgrades of the U.S. credit rating and Russias invasion of Ukraine, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability.
The current worldwide financial market situation, as well as various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world, may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the United States and worldwide financial markets and may cause economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. The impact of downgrades by rating agencies to the U.S. governments sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness as well as potential government shutdowns and uncertainty surrounding transfers of power could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Deterioration in the economic conditions in the Eurozone and other regions or countries globally and the resulting instability in global financial markets may pose a risk to our business. Financial markets have been affected at times by a number of global macroeconomic events, including the following: large sovereign debts and fiscal deficits of several countries in Europe and in emerging markets jurisdictions, levels of non-performing loans on the balance sheets of European banks, the effect of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, instability in the Chinese capital markets and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Various social and political circumstances in the U.S. and around the world (including wars and other forms of conflict, terrorist acts, security operations and catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and global health epidemics), may also contribute to increased market volatility and economic uncertainties or deterioration in the U.S. and worldwide. Such events, including rising trade tensions between the United States and China, other uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. and foreign, trade, economic and other policies with other countries, and the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. These market and economic disruptions could negatively impact the operating results of our portfolio companies.
In addition, Russias invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and corresponding events have had, and could continue to have, severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets. Following Russias actions, various governments, including the United States, have issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia, including, among other actions, a prohibition on doing business with certain Russian companies, large financial institutions, officials and oligarchs; a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, the electronic banking network that connects banks globally; and restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. The duration of hostilities and the vast array of sanctions and related events (including cyberattacks and espionage) cannot be predicted. Those events present material uncertainty and risk with respect to markets globally, which pose potential adverse risks to us and the performance of our investments and operations. Any such market disruptions could affect our portfolio companies operations and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Additionally, the Federal Reserves actions with respect to raising short term interest rates and future interest rate increases, along with the United States governments credit and deficit concerns, global economic uncertainties and market volatility and the impacts of COVID-19, could cause interest rates to be volatile, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets and capital markets on favorable terms.
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We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to (1) make investments in accordance with our investment strategy and policies, (2) reduce borrowings and repay indebtedness incurred under various financing agreements we may enter into and (3) fund repurchases under our share repurchase program. Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions and operating expenses from cash flow from operations, however, we are not restricted from funding these items from proceeds from this offering or other sources and may choose to do so, particularly in the earlier part of this offering. For additional information on our debt obligations, see Note 6, Borrowings to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsFinancial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources also included in this prospectus.
We will seek to invest the net proceeds received in this offering as promptly as practicable after receipt thereof, and in any event generally within 60 days of each subscription closing. However, depending on market conditions and other factors, including the availability of investments that meet our investment objective, we may be unable to invest such proceeds within the time period we anticipate. Pending such investment, we may have a greater allocation to syndicated loans or other liquid investments than we otherwise would or we may make investments in cash or cash equivalents (such as U.S. government securities or certain high quality debt instruments).
Through December 22, 2022, we have issued and sold 16,624,572 Class I Common Shares and 4,509,688 Class S Common Shares for gross proceeds of $403.1 million and $107.0 million, respectively, including $277.6 million from the sale of Class I Common Shares in private offerings (of which $100 million was purchased by an affiliate of the Adviser), $125.5 million from the sale of Class I Common Shares in this public offering and $107.0 million from the sale of Class S Common Shares in this public offering.
We estimate that we will incur approximately $6.53 million of offering expenses (excluding the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee) in connection with this offering, or approximately 0.13% of the gross proceeds, assuming maximum gross proceeds of $5,000,000,000. The Adviser has advanced all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf through the Escrow Break Date. Unless the Adviser elects to cover such expenses pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement we have entered into with the Adviser, we are obligated to reimburse the Adviser for such advanced expenses as of the Escrow Break Date. Any reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by the Adviser and its affiliates.
The following tables present information about the net proceeds raised in this offering for each class, assuming that we sell the maximum primary offering amount of $5,000,000,000. The tables assume that 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class D shares and 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class I shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from what is shown in the tables below. Because amounts in the following tables are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the gross proceeds from this offering. Amounts expressed as a percentage of net proceeds or gross proceeds may be higher or lower due to rounding.
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class S shares.
Maximum Offering of $1,666,666,667 in Class S Shares |
||||||||
Gross Proceeds(1) |
$ | 1,666,666,667 | 100 | % | ||||
Upfront Sales Load(2) |
$ | | | % | ||||
Offering Expenses(3) |
$ | 2,178,167 | 0.13 | % | ||||
Net Proceeds Available for Investment |
$ | 1,664,488,500 | 99.87 | % |
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The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class D shares.
Maximum Offering of $1,666,666,667 in Class D Shares |
||||||||
Gross Proceeds(1) |
$ | 1,666,666,667 | 100 | % | ||||
Upfront Sales Load(2) |
$ | | | % | ||||
Offering Expenses(3) |
$ | 2,178,167 | 0.13 | % | ||||
Net Proceeds Available for Investment |
$ | 1,664,488,500 | 99.87 | % |
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class I shares.
Maximum Offering of $1,666,666,667 in Class I Shares |
||||||||
Gross Proceeds(1) |
$ | 1,666,666,667 | 100 | % | ||||
Upfront Sales Load(2) |
$ | | | % | ||||
Offering Expenses(3) |
$ | 2,178,167 | 0.13 | % | ||||
Net Proceeds Available for Investment |
$ | 1,664,488,500 | 99.87 | % |
(1) | We intend to conduct a continuous offering of an unlimited number of Common Shares over an unlimited time period by filing a new registration statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415 under the Securities Act; however, in certain states this offering is subject to annual extensions. |
(2) | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares and 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Class I shares. We will pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Distribution Manager, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares only, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class S shares and (b) for Class D shares only, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. The shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees are similar to sales commissions. The distribution and servicing expenses borne by the participating brokers may be different from and substantially less than the amount of shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees charged. The Distribution Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to participating brokers and servicing brokers for ongoing shareholder services performed by such brokers, and will waive shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the extent a broker is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services. All or a portion of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee may be used to pay for sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services. The Fund also may pay for these sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and certain other administrative services outside of the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees and its Distribution and Servicing Plan. The total amount that will be paid over time for shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments, and is not expected to be paid from sources other than cash flow from operating activities. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In |
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addition, consistent with the exemptive relief allowing us to offer multiple classes of shares, at the end of the month in which the Distribution Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid with respect to the shares held in a shareholders account would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (or a lower limit as determined by the Distribution Manager or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares in such shareholders account. Compensation paid with respect to the shares in a shareholders account will be allocated among each share such that the compensation paid with respect to each individual share will not exceed 10% of the offering price of such share. We may modify this requirement in a manner that is consistent with applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S shares or Class D shares in such shareholders account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S or Class D shares. See Plan of Distribution. |
(3) | The offering expense numbers shown above represent our estimates of expenses to be incurred by us in connection with this offering and include estimated wholesaling expenses reimbursable by us. See Plan of Distribution for examples of the types of organization and offering expenses we may incur. |
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MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION
The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with Financial Highlights and our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere or incorporated in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which relate to future events or the future performance or financial condition of Oaktree Strategic Credit Fund and involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Please see Risk Factors and Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements for a discussion of uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. All amounts are shown in thousands, except share and per share amounts, percentages and as otherwise indicated.
Business Overview
We are a Delaware statutory trust formed on November 24, 2021 and are structured as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. On February 3, 2022, we elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act. We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under the Code.
Effective as of February 3, 2022, we are externally managed by the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement between us and the Adviser. The Adviser is a subsidiary of OCG. In 2019, Brookfield acquired a majority economic interest in OCG. OCG operates as an independent business within Brookfield, with its own product offerings and investment, marketing and support teams. Under our Investment Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Adviser an annual management fee as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance. Also, under the Administration Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the Administrator for the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement and providing personnel and facilities, including the allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of such personnel. See Investment Advisory Agreement, Administration Agreement and Expense Support Agreement for additional information regarding our expenses.
Our investment objective is to generate stable current income and long-term capital appreciation. We seek to meet our investment objective by primarily investing in private debt opportunities.
We accepted purchase orders and held investors funds in an interest-bearing escrow account until we received purchase orders for Common Shares of at least $100.0 million, excluding subscriptions by Oaktree Fund GP I, L.P. in respect of the Class I shares purchased by Oaktree Fund GP I, L.P. prior to March 31, 2022, in any combination of purchases of Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares.
As of June 1, 2022, we had satisfied the minimum offering requirement and the Board of Trustees had authorized the release of proceeds from escrow. As of September 30, 2022, we have issued and sold 13,018,689 Class I shares for an aggregate purchase price of $318.6 million of which, $100.0 million was purchased by an affiliate of the Adviser. As of September 30, 2022, we have issued and sold 2,579,984 Class S shares for an aggregate purchase price of $61.6 million.
Business Environment and Developments
Global financial markets have experienced an increase in volatility as concerns about the impact of higher inflation, rising interest rates, a potential recession, the current conflict in Ukraine and the ongoing uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic have weighed on market participants. These factors have created disruptions in supply chains and economic activity and have had a particularly adverse impact on certain companies in the energy, raw materials and transportation sectors, among others. These uncertainties can ultimately impact the overall supply and demand of the market through changing spreads, deal terms and structures and equity purchase price multiples.
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We are unable to predict the full effects of these macroeconomic events or how long any further market disruptions or volatility might last. We continue to closely monitor the impact these events have on our business, industry and portfolio companies and will provide constructive solutions where necessary.
Against this uncertain macroeconomic backdrop, we believe attractive risk-adjusted returns can be achieved by making loans to middle market companies that typically possess resilient business models with strong underlying fundamentals. Given the breadth of the investment platform and decades of credit investing experience of Oaktree and its affiliates, we believe that we have the resources and experience to source, diligence and structure investments in these companies and are well placed to generate attractive returns for investors.
As of September 30, 2022, 87.6% of our debt investment portfolio (at fair value) and 87.1% of our debt investment portfolio (at cost) bore interest at floating rates indexed to LIBOR, SOFR and/or an alternate base rate (e.g., prime rate), which typically resets semi-annually, quarterly or monthly at the borrowers option. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, supports replacing U.S.-dollar LIBOR with SOFR. Although there have been issuances utilizing SOFR, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative reference rates will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR. In anticipation of the cessation of LIBOR, we may need to renegotiate any credit agreements extending beyond the applicable phase out date with our prospective portfolio companies that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate. Certain of the loan agreements with our portfolio companies have included fallback language in the event that LIBOR becomes unavailable. This language generally provides that the administrative agent may identify a replacement reference rate, typically with the consent of (or prior consultation with) the borrower. In certain cases, the administrative agent will be required to obtain the consent of either a majority of the lenders under the facility, or the consent of each lender, prior to identifying a replacement reference rate. Certain of the loan agreements with our portfolio companies do not include any fallback language providing a mechanism for the parties to negotiate a new reference interest rate and will instead revert to the base rate in the event LIBOR ceases to exist.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Fair Value Measurements
Our Adviser, as the valuation designee of our Board pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act, determines the fair value of our assets on at least a quarterly basis in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820). ASC 820 defines fair value as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A liabilitys fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. ASC 820 prioritizes the use of observable market prices over entity-specific inputs. Where observable prices or inputs are not available or reliable, valuation techniques are applied. These valuation techniques involve some level of estimation and judgment, the degree of which is dependent on the price transparency for the investments or market and the investments complexity.
Hierarchical levels, defined by ASC 820 and directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities, are as follows:
| Level 1 Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date. |
| Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data at the measurement date for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
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| Level 3 Unobservable inputs that reflect the Advisers best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model. |
If inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, an investments level is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Advisers assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. This includes investment securities that are valued using bid and ask prices obtained from independent third party pricing services or directly from brokers. These investments may be classified as Level 3 because the quoted prices may be indicative in nature for securities that are in an inactive market, may be for similar securities or may require adjustments for investment-specific factors or restrictions.
Financial instruments with readily available quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment inherent in measuring fair value. As such, the Adviser obtains and analyzes readily available market quotations provided by pricing vendors and brokers for all of our investments for which quotations are available. In determining the fair value of a particular investment, pricing vendors and brokers use observable market information, including both binding and non-binding indicative quotations.
The Adviser seeks to obtain at least two quotations for the subject or similar securities, typically from pricing vendors. If the Adviser is unable to obtain two quotes from pricing vendors, or if the prices obtained from pricing vendors are not within the Advisers set threshold, the Adviser seeks to obtain a quote directly from a broker making a market for the asset. The Adviser evaluates the quotations provided by pricing vendors and brokers based on available market information, including trading activity of the subject or similar securities, or by performing a comparable security analysis to ensure that fair values are reasonably estimated. The Adviser also performs back-testing of valuation information obtained from pricing vendors and brokers against actual prices received in transactions. In addition to ongoing monitoring and back-testing, the Adviser performs due diligence procedures over pricing vendors to understand their methodology and controls to support their use in the valuation process. Generally, the Adviser does not adjust any of the prices received from these sources.
If the quotations obtained from pricing vendors or brokers are determined not to be reliable or are not readily available, the Adviser values such investments using any of three different valuation techniques. The first valuation technique is the transaction precedent technique, which utilizes recent or expected future transactions of the investment to determine fair value, to the extent applicable. The second valuation technique is an analysis of the enterprise value (EV) of the portfolio company. EV means the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time. The EV analysis is typically performed to determine (i) the value of equity investments, (ii) whether there is credit impairment for debt investments and (iii) the value for debt investments that we are deemed to control under the Investment Company Act. To estimate the EV of a portfolio company, the Adviser analyzes various factors, including the portfolio companys historical and projected financial results, macroeconomic impacts on the company and competitive dynamics in the companys industry. the Adviser also utilizes some or all of the following information based on the individual circumstances of the portfolio company: (i) valuations of comparable public companies, (ii) recent sales of private and public comparable companies in similar industries or having similar business or earnings characteristics, (iii) purchase prices as a multiple of their earnings or cash flow, (iv) the portfolio companys ability to meet its forecasts and its business prospects, (v) a discounted cash flow analysis, (vi) estimated liquidation or collateral value of the portfolio companys assets and (vii) offers from third parties to buy the portfolio company. The Adviser may probability weight potential sale outcomes with respect to a portfolio company when uncertainty exists as of the valuation date. The third valuation technique is a market yield technique, which is typically performed for non-credit impaired debt investments. In the market yield technique, a current price is imputed for the investment based upon an assessment of the expected market yield for a similarly structured investment with a similar level of risk, and the Adviser considers the current contractual interest rate, the capital structure and other terms of the investment relative to our risk and the specific investment. A key determinant of risk, among other things, is the leverage
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through the investment relative to the EV of the portfolio company. As debt investments held by us are substantially illiquid with no active transaction market, the Adviser depends on primary market data, including newly funded transactions and industry specific market movements, as well as secondary market data with respect to high yield debt instruments and syndicated loans, as inputs in determining the appropriate market yield, as applicable.
The Adviser estimates the fair value of certain privately held warrants using a Black Scholes pricing model, which includes an analysis of various factors and subjective assumptions, including the current stock price (by using an EV analysis as described above), the expected period until exercise, expected volatility of the underlying stock price, expected dividends and the risk free rate. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates.
In December 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act. Rule 2a-5 permits boards of registered investment companies and BDCs to either (i) choose to continue to determine fair value in good faith, or (ii) designate a valuation designee tasked with determining fair value in good faith, subject to the boards oversight. Our Board of Trustees has designated the Adviser to serve as its valuation designee effective September 8, 2022.
The Adviser undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter in connection with determining the fair value of our investments:
| The quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by the Advisers valuation team; |
| Preliminary valuations are then reviewed and discussed with management of the Adviser; |
| Separately, independent valuation firms prepare valuations of the our investments, on a selected basis, for which market quotations are not readily available or are readily available but deemed not reflective of the fair value of the investment, and submit the reports to us and provide such reports to the Adviser; |
| The Adviser compares and contrasts its preliminary valuations to the valuations of the independent valuation firms and prepares a valuation report for the Audit Committee; |
| The Audit Committee reviews the valuation report with the Adviser, and the Adviser responds and supplements the valuation report to reflect any discussions between the Adviser and the Audit Committee; and |
| The Adviser, as valuation designee, determines the fair value of each investment in our portfolio. |
The fair value of our investments as of September 30, 2022 was determined by the Adviser, as our valuation designee. We have and will continue to engage independent valuation firms each quarter to provide assistance regarding the determination of the fair value of a portion of our portfolio securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are readily available but deemed not reflective of the fair value of the investment.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been reported had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material.
When we determine our net asset value as of the last day of a month that is not also the last day of a calendar quarter, we intend to update the value of securities with reliable market quotations to the most recent market quotation. For securities without reliable market quotations, pursuant to our valuation policy, the Advisers valuation team will generally value such assets at the most recent quarterly valuation or, in the case of securities
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acquired after such date, cost, unless, in either case, the Adviser determines that since the most recent quarter end or the date of acquisition for securities acquired after quarter end, as the case may be, a significant observable change has occurred with respect to the investment (which determination may be as a result of a material event at a portfolio company, material change in market spreads, secondary market transaction in the securities of an investment or otherwise). If the Adviser determines such a change has occurred with respect to one or more investments, the Adviser will determine whether to update the value for each relevant investment using a range of values from an independent valuation firm, where applicable, in accordance with our valuation policy. Additionally, the Adviser may otherwise determine to update the most recent quarter end valuation of an investment without reliable market quotations that the Adviser considers to be material to us using a range of values from an independent valuation firm.
With the exception of the line items entitled deferred financing costs, deferred offering costs, other assets, deferred tax liability, and credit facility payable, which are reported at amortized cost, all assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities approximate fair value. The carrying value of the line items titled due from affiliates, interest receivable, receivables from unsettled transactions, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, dividends payable, interest payable, payables from unsettled transactions and due to affiliates approximate fair value due to their short maturities.
As of September 30, 2022, we held $428.6 million of investments at fair value.
Revenue Recognition
We generate revenues in the form of interest income on debt investments and, to a lesser extent, capital gains and distributions, if any, on equity securities that we may acquire in portfolio companies. Some of our investments provide for deferred interest payments or PIK interest income. The principal amount of the debt investments and any accrued but unpaid interest generally becomes due at the maturity date.
Interest Income
Interest income, adjusted for accretion of OID, is recorded on an accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. We stop accruing interest on investments when it is determined that interest is no longer collectible. Investments that are expected to pay regularly scheduled interest in cash are generally placed on non-accrual status when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest cash payments will be collected. Cash interest payments received on investments may be recognized as income or a return of capital depending upon managements judgment. A non-accrual investment is restored to accrual status if past due principal and interest are paid in cash, and the portfolio company, in managements judgment, is likely to continue timely payment of its remaining obligations.
In connection with our investment in a portfolio company, we sometimes receive nominal cost equity that is valued as part of the negotiation process with the portfolio company. When we receive nominal cost equity, we allocate our cost basis in the investment between debt securities and the nominal cost equity at the time of origination. Any resulting discount from recording the loan, or otherwise purchasing a security at a discount, is accreted into interest income over the life of the loan.
For our secured borrowings, the interest earned on the entire loan balance is recorded within interest income and the interest earned by the counterparty is recorded within interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations included in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
PIK Interest Income
Our investments in debt securities may contain PIK interest provisions. PIK interest, which generally represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance that is generally due at the end of the loan term, is
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generally recorded on the accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected. We generally cease accruing PIK interest if there is insufficient value to support the accrual or if we do not expect the portfolio company to be able to pay all principal and interest due. Our decision to cease accruing PIK interest on a loan or debt security involves subjective judgments and determinations based on available information about a particular portfolio company, including whether the portfolio company is current with respect to its payment of principal and interest on its loans and debt securities; financial statements and financial projections for the portfolio company; our assessment of the portfolio companys business development success; information obtained by us in connection with periodic formal update interviews with the portfolio companys management and, if appropriate, the private equity sponsor; and information about the general economic and market conditions in which the portfolio company operates. Our determination to cease accruing PIK interest is generally made well before our full write-down of a loan or debt security. In addition, if it is subsequently determined that we will not be able to collect any previously accrued PIK interest, the fair value of the loans or debt securities would be reduced by the amount of such previously accrued, but uncollectible, PIK interest. The accrual of PIK interest on our debt investments increases the recorded cost bases of these investments in our consolidated financial statements including for purposes of computing the capital gains incentive fee payable by us to the Adviser. To maintain our status as a RIC, certain income from PIK interest may be required to be distributed to our shareholders even though we have not yet collected the cash and may never do so.
As of September 30, 2022, there were no investments on non-accrual status.
Portfolio Composition
As of September 30, 2022, the fair value of our investment portfolio was $428.6 million and was composed of investments in 81 portfolio companies.
As of September 30, 2022, our investment portfolio consisted of the following:
September 30, 2022 | ||||
Cost: |
||||
Senior Secured Debt |
93.44 | % | ||
Subordinated Debt |
4.98 | % | ||
Preferred Equity |
1.35 | % | ||
Common Equity and Warrants |
0.23 | % | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
100.00 | % | ||
|
|
September 30, 2022 | ||||
Fair Value: |
||||
Senior Secured Debt |
93.96 | % | ||
Subordinated Debt |
4.52 | % | ||
Preferred Equity |
1.28 | % | ||
Common Equity and Warrants |
0.24 | % | ||
|
|
|||
Total |
100.00 | % | ||
|
|
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The table below describes investments by industry composition based on fair value as a percentage of total investments:
September 30, 2022 | ||||
Fair Value: |
||||
Application Software |
10.12 | % | ||
Health Care Technology |
6.92 | % | ||
Health Care Distributors |
5.51 | % | ||
Systems Software |
4.24 | % | ||
Industrial Machinery |
4.20 | % | ||
Hotels, Resorts & Cruise Lines |
4.03 | % | ||
Diversified Support Services |
3.63 | % | ||
Education Services |
3.43 | % | ||
Distributors |
2.90 | % | ||
Biotechnology |
2.81 | % | ||
Leisure Products |
2.76 | % | ||
Property & Casualty Insurance |
2.33 | % | ||
Health Care Facilities |
2.27 | % | ||
Integrated Telecommunication Services |
2.16 | % | ||
Leisure Facilities |
2.07 | % | ||
Cable & Satellite |
2.04 | % | ||
Health Care Supplies |
1.96 | % | ||
Office Services & Supplies |
1.86 | % | ||
Other Diversified Financial Services |
1.79 | % | ||
Research & Consulting Services |
1.78 | % | ||
Metal & Glass Containers |
1.72 | % | ||
Alternative Carriers |
1.69 | % | ||
Advertising |
1.63 | % | ||
Restaurants |
1.57 | % | ||
Data Processing & Outsourced Services |
1.54 | % | ||
Health Care Services |
1.53 | % | ||
Electronic Components |
1.51 | % | ||
Air Freight & Logistics |
1.48 | % | ||
Consumer Finance |
1.45 | % | ||
Personal Products |
1.29 | % | ||
Multi-Sector Holdings |
1.27 | % | ||
Aerospace & Defense |
1.20 | % | ||
Environmental & Facilities Services |
1.13 | % | ||
Trading Companies & Distributors |
1.12 | % | ||
Paper Packaging |
1.12 | % | ||
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail |
1.11 | % | ||
Pharmaceuticals |
1.04 | % | ||
Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing |
0.93 | % | ||
Diversified Metals & Mining |
0.86 | % | ||
Specialized Finance |
0.85 | % | ||
IT Consulting & Other Services |
0.84 | % | ||
Electrical Components & Equipment |
0.77 | % | ||
Airport Services |
0.69 | % | ||
Specialized REITs |
0.68 | % | ||
Paper Products |
0.66 | % | ||
Diversified Banks |
0.50 | % | ||
Internet Services & Infrastructure |
0.44 | % | ||
Specialty Stores |
0.44 | % | ||
Automotive Retail |
0.13 | % | ||
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Total |
100.00 | % | ||
|
|
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The geographic composition of our portfolio is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company, which may not be indicative of the primary source of the portfolio companys business. The table below describes investments by geographic composition at fair value as a percentage of total investments:
September 30, 2022 | ||||
United States |
90.88 | % | ||
Costa Rica |
2.38 | % | ||
Switzerland |
2.32 | % | ||
Ireland |
1.37 | % | ||
Germany |
1.21 | % | ||
France |
0.99 | % | ||
India |
0.85 | % | ||
United Kingdom |
| % | ||
|
|
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Total |
100.00 | % | ||
|
|
See the Schedule of Investments as of September 30, 2022 in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information on these investments, including a list of companies and the type, cost and fair value of investments.
Discussion and Analysis of Results and Operations
Results of Operations
The principal measure of our financial performance is the net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations, which includes net investment income, net realized gains (losses) and net unrealized appreciation (depreciation). Net investment income is the difference between our income from interest income and fee income and total expenses. Net realized gains (losses) on investments is the difference between the proceeds received from dispositions of portfolio investments and their stated costs. Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is the net change in the fair value of our investment portfolio during the reporting period, including the reversal of previously recorded unrealized appreciation (depreciation) when gains or losses are realized. The net increase or decrease in net assets from operations may vary substantially from period to period as a result of various factors, including the recognition of realized gains and losses and net change in unrealized appreciation and depreciation.
For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022
Investment Income
Total investment income for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 was $14,121 and consisted of $13,943 of interest income primarily from portfolio investments (including $591 of PIK interest income) and $178 of fee income. Based on fair value as of September 30, 2022, the weighted average yield on our debt investments was 9.6%.
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Expenses
Net expenses for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 were $4,136 and consisted of the following:
For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 |
||||
Expenses: |
||||
Base management fee |
$ | 1,359 | ||
Investment income incentive fee |
763 | |||
Professional fees |
732 | |||
Class S distribution and shareholder servicing fees |
92 | |||
Board of trustees fees |
216 | |||
Organization expenses |
550 | |||
Amortization of continuous offering costs |
1,036 | |||
Interest expense |
2,541 | |||
Administrator expense |
207 | |||
General and administrative expenses |
348 | |||
|
|
|||
Total expenses |
$ | 7,844 | ||
Management and incentive fees waived |
(2,122 | ) | ||
Expense support |
(1,586 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Net expenses |
$ | 4,136 | ||
|
|
For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, the Adviser made Expense Payments in accordance with the Expense Support Agreement in the amount of $1,586. For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, the Adviser waived its right to receive a Reimbursement Payment from us as of September 30, 2022 and no Reimbursement Payments were made to the Adviser. In addition, the Adviser waived its management and incentive fee through November 2022, the first six months following June 1, 2022, the date on which we broke escrow for this offering. For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, base management fees of $1,359 and investment income incentive fee of $763 were fully waived. See Note 9, Related Party Transactions, to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation)
Net unrealized depreciation was $16,155 for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, which was primarily driven by unrealized losses related to credit spread widening.
Net Realized Gains (Losses)
Net realized gains were $90 for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
We expect to generate cash from (1) the cash proceeds from this public offering and contributions from shareholders (2) cash flows from operations, including earnings on investments, as well as interest earned from the temporary investment of cash in cash-equivalents, U.S. high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, (3) borrowings from banks, including secured borrowings, and any other financing arrangements we may enter into in the future and (4) any future offerings of equity or debt securities.
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Our primary use of cash is for (1) investments in portfolio companies and other investments to comply with certain portfolio diversification requirements, (2) the cost of operations (including our expenses, the Management Fee and the Incentive Fee), (3) debt service of borrowings, and (4) cash distributions to the shareholders.
For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) through September 30, 2022, we experienced a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $58.4 million. During that period, $388.4 million of cash was used in operating activities, primarily consisting of cash used to fund new investments, partially offset by proceeds from the sales and repayments of investments. During the same period, cash provided by financing activities was $446.8 million, due primarily from $380.2 million of proceeds from the issuance of common shares and $75.0 million of net borrowings under the credit facility, partially offset by $3.7 million of financing costs paid, $3.6 million of distributions paid to shareholders and $1.1 million of offering costs paid.
As of September 30, 2022, we had $58.4 million of cash and cash equivalents, portfolio investments (at fair value) of $428.6 million, $3.3 million of interest receivable, $1.4 million of due from affiliates, $375.0 million of undrawn capacity on our credit facility (subject to borrowing base and other limitations), $47.6 million of net payables from unsettled transactions and $75.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facility.
We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of our portfolio companies. As of September 30, 2022, off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of $68,962 of unfunded commitments to provide debt financing to certain of our portfolio companies. Such commitments are subject to the portfolio companys satisfaction of certain financial and nonfinancial covenants and may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in our Statement of Assets and Liabilities in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Contractual Obligations
Debt Outstanding as of September 30, 2022 |
Weighted average debt outstanding for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 |
Maximum debt outstanding for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022 |
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Secured borrowings |
$ | | $ | 10,413 | $ | 44,588 | ||||||
ING Credit Agreement |
75,000 | 43,152 | 90,000 | |||||||||
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Total debt |
$ | 75,000 | $ | 53,565 | ||||||||
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Payments due by period as of September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | < 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | |||||||||||||
ING Credit Agreement |
$ | 75,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | 75,000 | ||||||||
Interest due on ING Credit Agreement |
16,981 | 3,779 | 7,559 | 5,643 | ||||||||||||
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|
|
|
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|
|
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Total |
$ | 91,981 | $ | 3,779 | $ | 7,559 | $ | 80,643 | ||||||||
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Equity Activity
As of September 30, 2022, we have issued and sold 13,018,689 Class I shares for an aggregate purchase price of $318.6 million. As of September 30, 2022, we have issued and sold 2,579,984 Class S shares for an aggregate purchase price of $61.6 million. As of September 30, 2022, we have issued 21,337 Class I shares and 8,418 Class S shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
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The following table summarizes transactions in common shares of beneficial interest for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022:
Shares | Amount | |||||||
Class I |
||||||||
Issuance of Common Shares |
13,018,689 | $ | 318,578 | |||||
Issuance of Common Shares under dividend reinvestment plan |
21,337 | 393 | ||||||
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|
|
|
|||||
Net increase (decrease) |
13,040,026 | $ | 318,971 | |||||
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|
|
|
|||||
Class S |
||||||||
Issuance of Common Shares |
2,579,984 | $ | 61,629 | |||||
Issuance of Common Shares under dividend reinvestment plan |
8,418 | 202 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net increase (decrease) |
2,588,402 | $ | 61,831 | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total net increase (decrease) |
15,628,428 | $ | 380,802 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value per Share and Offering Price
We determine NAV per share for each class of shares as of the last calendar day of each month. Share issuances pursuant to accepted monthly subscriptions are effective the first calendar day of each month. Shares are issued and sold at a purchase price equivalent to the most recent NAV per share available for each share class, which will be the prior calendar day NAV per share (i.e. the prior month-end NAV). The following table summarizes each month-end NAV per share for Class I and Class S shares utilized as the purchase price for shares issued and sold after we broke escrow:
Class I Shares | Class S Shares | |||||||
May 31, 2022 |
$ | 24.32 | | |||||
June 30, 2022 |
$ | 23.71 | | |||||
July 31, 2022 |
$ | 23.98 | $ | 23.98 | ||||
August 31, 2022 |
$ | 24.03 | $ | 24.03 | ||||
September 30, 2022 |
$ | 23.47 | $ | 23.47 |
Distributions
The Board authorizes and declares monthly distribution amounts per share of Class I and Class S common shares of beneficial interest. The following table presents distributions that were declared during the period ended September 30, 2022:
Class I | ||||||||||||||||
Date Declared |
Record Date | Payment Date | Net Distribution Per Share |
Distribution Amount | ||||||||||||
March 3, 2022 | March 4, 2022 | March 7, 2022 | $ | 0.3200 | $ | 768 | ||||||||||
July 20, 2022 | July 31, 2022 | August 29, 2022 | 0.1640 | 1,975 | ||||||||||||
August 22, 2022 | August 31, 2022 | September 28, 2022 | 0.1670 | 2,092 | ||||||||||||
September 23, 2022 | September 30, 2022 | October 31, 2022 | 0.1700 | 2,218 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 0.8210 | $ | 7,053 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
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Class S | ||||||||||||||||
Date Declared |
Record Date | Payment Date | Net Distribution Per Share |
Distribution Amount | ||||||||||||
July 20, 2022 | July 31, 2022 | August 29, 2022 | $ | 0.1472 | $ | 151 | ||||||||||
August 22, 2022 | August 31, 2022 | September 28, 2022 | 0.1500 | 272 | ||||||||||||
September 23, 2022 | September 30, 2022 | October 31, 2022 | 0.1530 | 396 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 0.4502 | $ | 819 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, pursuant to which we will reinvest all cash dividends declared by the Board on behalf of our shareholders who do not elect to receive their dividends in cash as provided below. As a result, if the Board authorizes, and we declare, a cash dividend or other distribution, then shareholders who have not opted out of our distribution reinvestment plan will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares, rather than receiving the cash dividend or other distribution. Distributions on fractional shares will be credited to each participating shareholders account to three decimal places.
Share Repurchase Program
At the discretion of our Board of Trustees, we commenced during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 a share repurchase program in which we intend to offer to repurchase up to 5% of our Common Shares outstanding (by number of shares or aggregate NAV) as of the close of the previous calendar quarter. Our Board of Trustees may amend or suspend the share repurchase program at any time if it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our shareholders. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each quarter. Following any such suspension, the Board of Trustees will consider on at least a quarterly basis whether the continued suspension of the share repurchase program is in the best interest of us and shareholders, and will reinstate the share repurchase program when and if appropriate and subject to its fiduciary duty to us and shareholders.
We intend to conduct repurchase offers under the share repurchase program in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act and the Investment Company Act. All shares purchased by us pursuant to the terms of each tender offer will be retired.
Under our share repurchase program, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter pursuant to a tender offer, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers using a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last calendar day of the applicable quarter, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction. The one-year holding period will be deemed satisfied if the shares to be repurchased would have been outstanding for one year or longer as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by us for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
On September 12, 2022, the Funds initial tender offer under its share repurchase program expired. There were no share repurchases during the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022.
Leverage
To seek to enhance our returns, we use and intend to continue to use leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act, which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt to equity ratio. We intend to use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions, and the issuance of debt
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securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage is expected to be applied on a position-by-position basis, meaning little-to-no leverage may be applied to certain investments, while others may have more leverage applied. Any such leverage would also be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. We may also create leverage by securitizing our assets (including in CLOs) and retaining the equity portion of the securitized vehicle.
ING Credit Agreement
On March 25, 2022 (the ING Closing Date), we entered into the ING Credit Agreement among us, as borrower, the lenders party thereto, and ING, as administrative agent.
Effective on and as of May 25, 2022, we entered into an incremental commitment and assumption agreement (the Incremental Commitment and Assumption Agreement) among us, as borrower, the subsidiary guarantor party thereto (the Subsidiary Guarantor), ING, as administrative agent and issuing bank, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation and MUFG Bank, LTD, (together with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, the Assuming Lenders). Pursuant to the Incremental Commitment and Assumption Agreement, among other things, each Assuming Lender (i) became a Lender (as defined in the ING Credit Agreement) under the ING Credit Agreement and (ii) agreed to make a Commitment (as defined in the ING Credit Agreement) to us in the amount of $150 million. The Incremental Commitment and Assumption Agreement increased the aggregate amount of Commitments under the ING Credit Agreement from $150 million to $450 million (the Maximum Commitment), subject to the lesser of (i) a borrowing base and (ii) the Maximum Commitment, and provided that, with respect to any lender, its individual commitment is not exceeded. The revolving credit facility has a four year availability period (the Availability Period) during which loans may be made and the ING Credit Agreement has a stated maturity dated that is five years from the ING Closing Date (the Maturity Date). Following the Availability Period we will be required in certain circumstances to prepay loans prior to the Maturity Date. The ING Credit Agreement provides for the issuance of letters of credit during the Availability Period in an aggregate amount of $25 million. Borrowing under the ING Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including making investments and permitted distributions.
All obligations under the ING Credit Agreement are secured by a first-priority security interest (subject to certain exceptions) in substantially all of the present and future property and assets of us and of the sole current and certain future subsidiaries of us and guaranteed by such subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the ING Credit Agreement shall be denominated in U.S. Dollars and bear interest at a rate per annum equal to either (1) SOFR, as adjusted, plus 1.875% per annum or (2) the alternative base rate (which is the greatest of the (a) prime rate, (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 1⁄2 of 1%, (c) the overnight bank funding rate plus 1⁄2 of 1%, (d) certain rates based on SOFR and (e) 0) (ABR) plus 0.875% per annum. We may elect either an ABR or SOFR borrowing at each drawdown request, and loans may be converted from one rate to another at any time at our option, subject to certain conditions. We will pay a commitment fee at a rate of 0.375% per annum on the daily unused portion of the aggregate commitments under the ING Credit Agreement.
At any time during the Availability Period, the Borrower may propose an increase in the Maximum Commitment to an amount not to exceed the greater of (a) $750.0 million and (b) 150% of shareholders equity as of the date on which such increased amount is to be effective, subject to certain conditions, including the consent of the lenders to increase their commitments and of ING.
We have made customary representations and warranties and is required to comply with various affirmative and negative covenants, reporting requirements and other customary requirements for similar credit facilities. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under the ING Credit Agreement based on the financial information contained in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Borrowings under the ING Credit Agreement are subject to the leverage restrictions contained in the Investment Company Act.
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The ING Credit Agreement contains customary events of default for similar financing transactions. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, ING may terminate the commitments and declare the outstanding loans and all other obligations under the ING Credit Agreement immediately due and payable.
As of September 30, 2022, we had $75.0 million outstanding under the ING Credit Agreement. For the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022, our borrowings under the ING Credit Agreement bore interest at a weighted average rate of 3.76%. We recorded $2,285 of interest expense (inclusive of fees) related to the ING Credit Agreement for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022.
Secured Borrowings
As of September 30, 2022, we repaid all secured borrowings outstanding. Our secured borrowings bore interest at a weighted average rate of 3.00% for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022. We recorded $256 of interest expense in connection with secured borrowings for the period from December 10, 2021 (commencement of operations) to September 30, 2022.
Regulated Investment Company Status and Distributions
We anticipate that we will make quarterly distributions of at least 90% of our realized net ordinary income and net short-term capital gains in excess of our net long-term capital losses, if any, then available for distribution, each as determined by our Board in accordance with applicable law. Any distributions will be declared out of assets legally available for distribution. We expect quarterly distributions to be paid from income primarily generated by interest earned on our investments, although distributions to shareholders may also include a return of capital.
We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To maintain RIC qualification, we must distribute to our shareholders, for each tax year, at least 90% of our investment company taxable income for that year. In order to avoid certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we intend to distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of: (1) 98% of our ordinary income for the calendar year; (2) 98.2% of our capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of the calendar year; and, (3) any undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income for preceding years on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax less certain over-distributions in prior years. In addition, although we currently intend to distribute realized net capital gains (i.e., net long term capital gains in excess of short term capital losses), if any, at least annually, we may in the future decide to retain such capital gains for investment, pay U.S. federal income tax on such amounts at regular corporate tax rates, and elect to treat such gains as deemed distributions to shareholders. We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, to the extent that we issue senior securities, we will be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes us to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the Investment Company Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of our borrowings.
Depending on the level of taxable income and net capital gain earned in a year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income or net capital gain for distribution in the following year and pay the applicable U.S. federal excise tax. Distributions will be appropriately adjusted for any taxes payable by us or any direct or indirect subsidiary through which it invests (including any corporate, state, local, non-U.S. and withholding taxes). Any Incentive Fee to be paid to our Adviser will not be reduced to take into account any such taxes.
We may generate qualified net interest income or qualified net short-term capital gains that may be exempt from U.S. withholding tax when distributed to foreign shareholders. A RIC is permitted to designate distributions of qualified net interest income and qualified short-term capital gains as exempt from U.S. withholding tax when paid to non-U.S. shareholders with proper documentation.
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Recent Developments
Share Issuances
On October 1, 2022, we issued and sold pursuant to this offering 668,160 Class I shares for proceeds of $15,682 and 908,493 Class S shares for proceeds of $21,322.
On November 1, 2022, we issued and sold pursuant to this offering 1,097,982 Class I shares for proceeds of $25,616 and 420,403 Class S shares for proceeds of $9,808.
On December 1, 2022, we issued and sold pursuant to this offering 1,840,467 Class I shares for proceeds of $43.2 million and 596,547 Class S shares for proceeds of $14.0 million.
On January 1, 2023, we issued and sold pursuant to this offering 214,318 Class I shares for proceeds of $5.0 million and 709,557 Class S shares for proceeds of $16.5 million.
Distributions
On October 26, 2022, our Board of Trustees declared a regular distribution on our outstanding Common Shares in the amount per share set forth below:
Gross Distribution |
Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fee |
Net Distribution | ||||||||||
Class I shares |
$ | 0.1800 | $ | | $ | 0.1800 | ||||||
Class S shares |
$ | 0.1800 | $ | 0.0166 | $ | 0.1634 |
The distribution was payable to shareholders of record as of October 31, 2022 and was paid on November 28, 2022. The distribution was paid in cash or reinvested in Common Shares for shareholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan.
On November 21, 2022, our Board of Trustees declared a regular distribution on our outstanding Common Shares in the amount per share set forth below:
Gross Distribution |
Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fee |
Net Distribution | ||||||||||
Class I shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | | $ | 0.1900 | ||||||
Class S shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | 0.0165 | $ | 0.1735 |
The distribution was payable to shareholders of record as of November 30, 2022 and was paid on December 28, 2022. The distribution was paid in cash or reinvested in Common Shares for shareholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan.
On December 21, 2022, our Board of Trustees declared a regular distribution on our outstanding Common Shares in the amount per share set forth below:
Gross Distribution |
Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fee |
Net Distribution | ||||||||||
Class I shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | | $ | 0.1900 | ||||||
Class S shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | 0.0166 | $ | 0.1734 |
The distribution is payable to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2022 and will be paid on or about January 30, 2023. The distribution will be paid in cash or reinvested in Common Shares for shareholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan.
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In addition to the regular distribution discussed above, on December 21, 2022, our Board of Trustees declared a special distribution on our outstanding Common Shares in the amount of $0.04 per share to pay out substantially all undistributed taxable income for the 2022 calendar year. The special distribution is payable to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2022 and will be paid on or about January 30, 2023. The distribution will be paid in cash or reinvested in Common Shares for shareholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan.
On January 24, 2023, our Board of Trustees declared a regular distribution on our outstanding Common Shares in the amount per share set forth below:
Gross Distribution |
Shareholder Servicing and/or Distribution Fee |
Net Distribution | ||||||||||
Class I shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | | $ | 0.1900 | ||||||
Class S shares |
$ | 0.1900 | $ | 0.0165 | $ | 0.1735 |
The distribution is payable to shareholders of record as of January 31, 2023 and will be paid on or about February 24, 2023. The distribution will be paid in cash or reinvested in Common Shares for shareholders participating in our distribution reinvestment plan.
ING Credit Agreement
Effective on and as of October 6, 2022, we entered into a subsequent incremental commitment and assumption agreement (the Subsequent Incremental Commitment and Assumption Agreement) among us, as borrower, the Subsidiary Guarantor, ING, as administrative agent and issuing bank, and Apple Bank For Savings, as an Assuming Lender. Pursuant to the Subsequent Incremental Commitment and Assumption Agreement, Apple Bank For Savings (i) became a Lender under the ING Credit Agreement and (ii) agreed to make a Commitment to us in the amount of $40 million. The Subsequent Incremental Commitment increases the aggregate amount of Commitments under the ING Credit Agreement from $450 million to $490 million.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in the valuations of our investment portfolio and interest rates.
Valuation Risk
Our investments often do not have a readily available market price, and we value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our Adviser, as the valuation designee appointed by our Board of Trustees pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the Investment Company Act. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith and valuation methodologies involve a significant degree of judgment. In addition, our valuation methodology utilizes discount rates in part in valuing our investments, and changes in those discount rates may have an impact on the valuation of our investments. Accordingly, valuations by us do not necessarily represent the amounts which may eventually be realized from sales or other dispositions of investments. Estimated fair values may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investment existed, and the differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect both our cost of funding and our interest income from portfolio investments, cash and cash equivalents and idle funds investments. Our risk management procedures are designed to identify and analyze our risk, to set appropriate policies and to continually monitor these risks. Our investment income will be affected by changes in various interest rates, including LIBOR and SOFR, to the extent our debt investments include floating interest rates.
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As of September 30, 2022, 87.6% of our debt investment portfolio at fair value bore interest at floating rates. The composition of our floating rate debt investments by interest rate floor as of September 30, 2022 was as follows:
September 30, 2022 | ||||||||
($ in thousands) |
Fair Value | % of Floating Rate Portfolio |
||||||
0% |
$ | 87,955 | 23.79 | % | ||||
>0% and <1% |
192,723 | 52.13 | ||||||
1% |
89,020 | 24.08 | ||||||
>1% |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 369,698 | 100.00 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
Based on our Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of September 30, 2022, the following table shows the approximate annualized net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations of hypothetical base rate changes in interest rates, assuming no changes in our investment and capital structure. However, there can be no assurances our portfolio companies will be able to meet their contractual obligations at any or all levels of increases in interest rates.
Basis point increase ($ in thousands) |
Increase in Interest Income |
(Increase) in Interest Expense |
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations |
|||||||||
250 |
$ | 9,964 | $ | (1,875 | ) | $ | 8,089 | |||||
200 |
7,971 | (1,500 | ) | 6,471 | ||||||||
150 |
5,979 | (1,125 | ) | 4,854 | ||||||||
100 |
3,986 | (750 | ) | 3,236 | ||||||||
50 |
1,993 | (375 | ) | 1,618 |
Basis point decrease ($ in thousands) |
(Decrease) in Interest Income |
Decrease in Interest Expense |
Net (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations |
|||||||||
50 |
$ | (1,993 | ) | $ | 375 | $ | (1,618 | ) | ||||
100 |
(3,986 | ) | 750 | (3,236 | ) | |||||||
150 |
(5,979 | ) | 1,125 | (4,854 | ) | |||||||
200 |
(7,971 | ) | 1,500 | (6,471 | ) | |||||||
250 |
(9,833 | ) | 1,875 | (7,958 | ) |
We regularly measure exposure to interest rate risk. We assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate sensitive assets to our interest rate sensitive liabilities. Based on this review, we determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates. The interest rate on the principal balance outstanding for primarily all floating rate loans is indexed to the LIBOR, SOFR and/or an alternate base rate, which typically resets semi-annually, quarterly, or monthly at the borrowers option. The borrower may also elect to have multiple interest
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reset periods for each loan. The following table shows a comparison of the interest rate base for our outstanding debt investments, at principal, and our outstanding borrowings as of September 30, 2022:
September 30, 2022 | ||||||||
($ in thousands) | Debt Investments | Borrowings | ||||||
LIBOR |
||||||||
30 day |
$ | 137,460 | $ | | ||||
90 day |
85,546 | | ||||||
180 day |
7,592 | | ||||||
SOFR |
||||||||
30 day |
48,591 | 75,000 | ||||||
90 day |
103,206 | | ||||||
180 day |
16,177 | | ||||||
Fixed rate |
59,856 | | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 458,428 | $ | 75,000 | ||||
|
|
|
|
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Information about our senior securities as of September 30, 2022 is set forth in our audited financial statements and Note 6. Borrowings and Note 10. Financial Highlights thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This information should be read in conjunction with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations also included in this prospectus.
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The following table sets forth certain information regarding each of the portfolio companies in which we had a debt or equity investment as of September 30, 2022. Our only formal relationships with our portfolio companies are the managerial assistance ancillary to our investments and the board observation or participation rights we may receive. For example, certain of our officers may serve as members of the boards of certain of our portfolio companies.
Name and Address of |
Principal Business |
Title of Securities Held |
Percentage of Ownership Interest* |
Cash Interest Rate(5) |
Principal ($ in thousands unless otherwise indicated) (6) |
Cost ($ in thousands) |
Fair Value ($ in thousands) |
Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
Non-Control/Non-Affiliate Investments |
|
(7) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Access CIG, LLC 6818 A Patterson Pass Road Livermore, CA 94550 |
Diversified Support Services |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.75% cash due 2/27/2025 | 6.82 | % | 3,984 | 3,870 | 3,826 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+7.75% cash due 2/27/2026 | 10.82 | % | 4,000 | 3,982 | 3,815 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
7,852 | 7,641 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
ADC Therapeutics SA Biopôle route de la Corniche 3B 1066 Epalinges Switzerland |
Biotechnology | First Lien Term Loan, SOFR+7.50% cash due 8/15/2029 | 11.20 | % | 10,406 | 9,881 | 9,890 | (5)(8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Delayed Draw Term Loan, SOFR+7.50% cash due 8/15/2029 | | (60 | ) | (58 | ) | (5)(8)(9)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||
45,727 Common Stock Warrants (exercise price $8.297) expiration 8/15/2032 | | 275 | 115 | (8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
10,096 | 9,947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
AIP RD Buyer Corp. 8280 Montgomery Road, Suite 101 Cincinnati, OH 45236 |
Distributors | Second Lien Term Loan, SOFR+7.75% cash due 12/23/2029 | 10.88 | % | 4,563 | 4,481 | 4,403 | (5)(8) | ||||||||||||||||||
4,560 Common Units in RD Holding LP | 0.11 | % | 428 | 409 | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4,909 | 4,812 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Altice France S.A. 16 Rue Du General Alain De Boissieu Paris, Île-de-France, 75015 France |
Integrated Telecommunication Services |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+4.00% cash due 8/14/2026 | 6.91 | % | 1,995 | 1,905 | 1,815 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 5.50% cash due 10/15/2029 | 3,200 | 2,685 | 2,416 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
4,590 | 4,231 |
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Name and Address of |
Principal Business |
Title of Securities Held |
Percentage of Ownership Interest* |
Cash Interest Rate(5) |
Principal ($ in thousands unless otherwise indicated) (6) |
Cost ($ in thousands) |
Fair Value ($ in thousands) |
Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
American Auto Auction Group, LLC 10333 N. Meridian Street, Suite 200 Indianapolis, IN 46290 |
Consumer Finance | Second Lien Term Loan, SOFR+8.75% cash due 1/2/2029 | 12.30 | % | 6,901 | 6,776 | 6,211 | (5)(8) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
6,776 | 6,211 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
American Rock Salt Company LLC 5520 New York-63, Mount Morris, NY |
Diversified Metals & Mining |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+4.00% cash due 6/9/2028 | 7.12 | % | 3,990 | 3,817 | 3,706 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3,817 | 3,706 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
American Tire Distributors, Inc. 12200 Herbert Wayne Ct, Suite 150 Huntersville, NC 28078 |
Distributors | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.25% cash due 10/20/2028 | 9.03 | % | 3,980 | 3,960 | 3,738 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
3,960 | 3,738 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anastasia Parent, LLC 4638 E. Shelby Drive Memphis, TN 38118 |
Personal Products | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.75% cash due 8/11/2025 | 7.42 | % | 6,912 | 5,802 | 5,530 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5,802 | 5,530 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Apex Group Treasury LLC 69 Middle Street Brighton East Sussex, BN1 1AL United Kingdom |
Other Diversified Financial Services |
First Lien Term Loan, SOFR+5.00% cash due 7/27/2028 | 9.13 | % | 6,000 | 5,610 | 5,865 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
5,610 | 5,865 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
APX Group Inc. 4931 North 300W Provo, UT 84604 |
Electrical Components & Equipment |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.50% cash due 7/10/2028 | 6.24 | % | 1,995 | 1,881 | 1,891 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 5.75% cash due 7/15/2029 | 275 | 229 | 218 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
2,110 | 2,109 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ardonagh Midco 3 PLC 1 Minster Court Mincing Lane London, EC3R 7AA United Kingdom |
Insurance Brokers | First Lien Delayed Draw Term Loan, EURIBOR+6.50% cash due 7/14/2026 | | | (280 | ) | | (5)(8)(9)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
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(280 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ASP Unifrax Holdings, Inc. 1912 Woodford Road Vienna, VA 22182 |
Trading Companies & Distributors |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.75% cash due 12/12/2025 | 7.42 | % | 4,098 | 3,951 | 3,797 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 7.50% cash due 9/30/2029 | 1,200 | 1,158 | 794 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 5.25% cash due 9/30/2028 | 250 | 222 | 193 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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5,331 | 4,784 |
98
Table of Contents
Name and Address of |
Principal Business |
Title of Securities Held |
Percentage of Ownership Interest* |
Cash Interest Rate(5) |
Principal ($ in thousands unless otherwise indicated) (6) |
Cost ($ in thousands) |
Fair Value ($ in thousands) |
Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
ASP-R-PAC Acquisition Co LLC 132 W 36th Street New York, NY 10018 |
Paper Packaging | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.00% cash due 12/29/2027 | 9.67 | % | 4,911 | 4,825 | 4,798 | (5)(8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Revolver, LIBOR+6.00% cash due 12/29/2027 | | (10 | ) | (14 | ) | (5)(8)(9)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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4,815 | 4,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Astra Acquisition Corp. 5201 Congress Avenue Boca Raton, FL 33487 |
Application Software |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5.25% cash due 10/25/2028 | 8.37 | % | 4,848 | 4,577 | 4,145 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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4,577 | 4,145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asurion, LLC 1101 Church St, Nashville, TN 37203 |
Property & Casualty Insurance |
First Lien Term Loan, SOFR+4.00% cash due 8/19/2028 | 7.65 | % | 4,000 | 3,803 | 3,423 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
Second Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5.25% cash due 1/20/2029 | 8.37 | % | 8,500 | 7,628 | 6,545 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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11,431 | 9,968 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
athenahealth Group Inc. 311 Arsenal Street Watertown, MA 02472 |
Health Care Technology |
5,809 Shares of Series A Preferred Stock in Minerva Holdco, Inc., 10.75% | | 5,693 | 5,167 | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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5,693 | 5,167 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Battery Park CLO II Ltd 200 West Street, New York, US-NY, 10282, US |
Multi-Sector Holdings |
Class E Notes, SOFR+8.36% cash due 10/20/2035 | 12.41 | % | 1,500 | 1,326 | 1,326 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
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1,326 | 1,326 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BioXcel Therapeutics, Inc. 555 Long Wharf Drive 12th Floor New Haven, CT 06511 |
Pharmaceuticals | First Lien Term Loan, 10.25% cash due 4/19/2027 | 3,130 | 3,005 | 3,007 | (8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Delayed Draw Term Loan, 10.25% cash due 4/19/2027 | | | | (8)(9)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Revenue Interest Financing Term Loan due 9/30/2032 | 1,384 | 1,384 | 1,384 | (8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
First Lien Revenue Interest Financing Delayed Draw Term Loan due 9/30/2032 | | | | (8)(9)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
12,453 Common Stock Warrants (exercise price $20.04) expiration date 4/19/2029 | | 74 | 58 | (8)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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4,463 | 4,449 |
99
Table of Contents
Name and Address of |
Principal Business |
Title of Securities Held |
Percentage of Ownership Interest* |
Cash Interest Rate(5) |
Principal ($ in thousands unless otherwise indicated) (6) |
Cost ($ in thousands) |
Fair Value ($ in thousands) |
Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
Blackhawk Network Holdings, Inc. 6220 Stoneridge Mall Road Pleasanton, CA 94588 |
Data Processing & Outsourced Services |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.00% cash due 6/15/2025 | 6.03 | % | 7,020 | 6,780 | 6,581 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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6,780 | 6,581 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Boxer Parent Company Inc. 2103 Citywest Blvd Houston, TX, 77042-2833 |
Systems Software | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.75% cash due 10/2/2025 | 6.87 | % | 7,965 | 7,644 | 7,570 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 7.125% cash due 10/2/2025 | 500 | 483 | 491 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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8,127 | 8,061 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
BYJUs Alpha, Inc. 2nd Floor, Tower D, IBC Knowledge Park, 4/1, Bannerghatta Main Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India |
Application Software |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.00% cash due 11/24/2026 | 8.98 | % | 4,975 | 4,925 | 3,646 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
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4,925 | 3,646 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carvana Co. 1930 West Rio Salado Parkway Tempe, AZ 85281 |
Automotive Retail | Fixed Rate Bond, 5.625% cash due 10/1/2025 | 800 | 696 | 564 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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696 | 564 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CCO Holdings LLC 12405 Powerscourt Drive St. Louis, MO 63131 |
Cable & Satellite | Fixed Rate Bond, 4.50% cash due 5/1/2032 | 1,281 | 1,064 | 979 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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1,064 | 979 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cengage Learning, Inc. 200 Pier 4 Boulevard Suite 400 Boston, MA 02210 |
Education Services | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+4.75% cash due 7/14/2026 | 7.81 | % | 7,592 | 7,265 | 6,893 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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7,265 | 6,893 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CITGO Petroleum Corp. 1293 Eldridge Parkway Houston, TX 77077 |
Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+6.25% cash due 3/28/2024 | 9.37 | % | 3,979 | 3,950 | 3,990 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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3,950 | 3,990 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings Inc. 4830 North Loop 1604W, Suite 111 San Antonio, TX 78249 |
Advertising | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+3.50% cash due 8/21/2026 | 6.31 | % | 6,969 | 6,438 | 6,246 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 5.125% cash due 8/15/2027 | 726 | 627 | 614 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Bond, 7.75% cash due 4/15/2028 | 174 | 167 | 132 | (10) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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7,232 | 6,992 |
100
Table of Contents
Name and Address of |
Principal Business |
Title of Securities Held |
Percentage of Ownership Interest* |
Cash Interest Rate(5) |
Principal ($ in thousands unless otherwise indicated) (6) |
Cost ($ in thousands) |
Fair Value ($ in thousands) |
Notes | ||||||||||||||||||
Condor Merger Sub Inc. 6220 America Center Drive San Jose, CA 95002 |
Systems Software | Fixed Rate Bond, 7.375% cash due 2/15/2030 | 4,527 | 4,502 | 3,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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4,502 | 3,710 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Convergeone Holdings, Inc. 10900 Nesbitt Avenue South Bloomington, MN 55437 |
IT Consulting & Other Services |
First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+5.00% cash due 1/4/2026 | 8.12 | % | 4,974 | 4,534 | 3,589 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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4,534 | 3,589 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covetrus, Inc. 7 Custom House Street Portland, ME 04101 |
Health Care Distributors |
First Lien Term Loan, SOFR+5.00% cash due 9/20/2029 | 7.65 | % | 7,589 | 7,134 | 7,108 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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7,134 | 7,108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dealer Tire, LLC 7012 Euclid Ave Cleveland OH 44103 |
Distributors | First Lien Term Loan, LIBOR+4.25% cash due 12/12/2025 | 7.37 | % | 3,985 | 3,833 | 3,893 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||
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3,833 | 3,893 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delivery Hero FinCo LLC Oranienburger Straße 70 Berlin, 10117 Germany |
Internet & Direct Marketing Retail |
First Lien Term Loan, SOFR+5.75% cash due 8/12/2027 | 8.49 | % | 4,988 | 4,890 | 4,757 | (5)(10) | ||||||||||||||||||
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4,890 | 4,757 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delta Leasing SPV II LLC 15500 Roosevelt Boulevard, Suite 301 Clearwater, FL 33762 |
Specialized Finance |
Subordinated Delayed Draw Term Loan, 10.00% cash due 8/31/2029 | &nb |