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Form N-CSR PUTNAM INVESTMENT FUNDS For: Feb 28

April 27, 2017 10:42 AM EDT



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-CSR

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES




Investment Company Act file number: (811-07237)
Exact name of registrant as specified in charter: Putnam Investment Funds
Address of principal executive offices: One Post Office Square, Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Name and address of agent for service: Robert T. Burns, Vice President
One Post Office Square
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Copy to:         Bryan Chegwidden, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (617) 292-1000
Date of fiscal year end: February 28, 2017
Date of reporting period : March 1, 2016 — February 28, 2017



Item 1. Report to Stockholders:

The following is a copy of the report transmitted to stockholders pursuant to Rule 30e-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940:




Putnam
Small Cap Value
Fund

Annual report
2 | 28 | 17

 

Consider these risks before investing: Investments in small and/or midsize companies increase the risk of greater price fluctuations. Value stocks may fail to rebound, and the market may not favor value-style investing. Stock prices may fall or fail to rise over time for several reasons, including general financial market conditions and factors related to a specific issuer or industry. You can lose money by investing in the fund.



Message from the Trustees

April 7, 2017

Dear Fellow Shareholder:

The early months of 2017 have been generally positive for investor sentiment and financial market performance. Many market indexes have achieved new record highs with relatively low volatility, in contrast to the bouts of uncertainty and turbulence that tested global financial markets in 2016. It is worth noting, however, that the exuberance that greeted the new year calmed somewhat as investors reconsidered a number of ongoing macroeconomic and political risks. In addition, many bond investors remained cautious as the potential for inflation increased.

As always, we believe investors should continue to focus on time-tested strategies: maintain a well-diversified portfolio, keep a long-term view, and do not overreact to short-term market fluctuations. To help ensure that your portfolio is aligned with your goals, we also believe it is a good idea to speak regularly with your financial advisor. In the following pages, you will find an overview of your fund’s performance for the reporting period as well as an outlook for the coming months.

We would like to take this opportunity to announce the arrival of Catharine Bond Hill and Manoj P. Singh to your fund’s Board of Trustees. Dr. Hill and Mr. Singh bring extensive professional and directorship experience to their role as Trustees, and we are pleased to welcome them.

Thank you for investing with Putnam.





Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. Share price, principal value, and return will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance of class A shares assumes reinvestment of distributions and does not account for taxes. Fund returns in the bar chart do not reflect a sales charge of 5.75%; had they, returns would have been lower. See below and pages 8–10 for additional performance information. For a portion of the periods, the fund had expense limitations, without which returns would have been lower. To obtain the most recent month-end performance, visit putnam.com.


This comparison shows your fund’s performance in the context of broad market indexes for the 12 months ended 2/28/17. See above and pages 8–10 for additional fund performance information. Index descriptions can be found on page 13.

2  Small Cap Value Fund 

 





Eric has an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a B.S. from San Diego State University. He joined Putnam in 2000 and has been in the investment industry since 1994.

In addition to Eric, your fund is managed by David L. Diamond, CFA. Dave has a B.S. from Brown University. He served in the investment industry from 1986 to 2005, and reentered the industry when he joined Putnam in 2017.

Eric, how was the market environment for U.S. small-cap value stocks for the 12-month reporting period ended February 28, 2017?

After a few years of underperformance relative to large-cap stocks, small-cap stocks enjoyed a strong comeback during the reporting period, as the market environment improved and investors’ appetite for riskier assets rose.

When the period began, small-cap stocks were coming off a rocky start in the early weeks of 2016 that preceded the reporting period. The asset class began to rally off those lows in response to a recovery in oil prices, accommodative policies from central banks around the world, and positive U.S. economic data. Small-cap stocks surged once again within days of the United Kingdom’s surprise vote on June 23, 2016, to leave the European Union, as investors came to understand the limited effects of the decision on the U.S. economy. Typically, smaller U.S. companies have been less directly affected by events in non-U.S. markets than large U.S. multinational companies.

The U.S. presidential election added further momentum to the small-cap rally, which saw post-election gains of 18.25% by the end of the period, as measured by the fund’s benchmark,

Small Cap Value Fund  3 

 




Allocations are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets as of 2/28/17. Cash and net other assets, if any, represent the market value weights of cash, derivatives, short-term securities, and other unclassified assets in the portfolio. Summary information may differ from the portfolio schedule included in the financial statements due to the inclusion of derivative securities, any interest accruals, the exclusion of as-of trades, if any, the use of different classifications of securities for presentation purposes, and rounding. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.


This table shows the fund’s top 10 holdings by percentage of the fund’s net assets as of 2/28/17. Short-term investments and derivatives, if any, are excluded. Holdings may vary over time.

4  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



the Russell 2000 Value Index. One significant factor contributing to the surge was President Trump’s focus on trade. Investors viewed this as favorable for the stocks of smaller companies, which typically have less international exposure and therefore might be less prone to turbulence in the global economy should the administration increase tariffs or incite a trade war. Additionally, many analysts believe Trump’s anticipated infrastructure spending, tax reform, and deregulation agenda could spur greater domestic growth, which could result in meaningful opportunities for smaller companies.

Against this backdrop, small-cap value stocks outperformed most other asset classes, including small-cap growth stocks, mid- and large-cap stocks, and the broader U.S. and international equity markets during the period All eleven sectors of the fund’s benchmark generated positive returns for the reporting period, with economically sensitive cyclicals outperforming the more defensive sectors. Financials was the best-performing sector, climbing more than 30% during the reporting period due to rising interest rates and anticipation of increased demand for lending and lower corporate tax rates under the new administration. Materials, technology, and industrials also performed well.

How did Putnam Small Cap Value Fund perform for the reporting period?

The fund delivered a strong double-digit return at net asset value for the 12 months ended February 28, 2017, outperforming its Lipper peer group average but underperforming its benchmark. Given the strength and breadth of the rally, holding transactional cash in the portfolio and not being fully invested detracted most from fund performance relative to the benchmark. Stock selection within financials was the most significant contributor to performance on an absolute and a benchmark-relative basis. This outperformance was followed by favorable stock selection in technology, transportation, and communication services. Weak stock selection in basic materials and consumer staples detracted from results relative to the benchmark.

Did you make any noteworthy changes to the fund’s asset allocation during the period?

Prior to the U.S. presidential election, the fund had underweight exposure to financials and had nearly 8% in cash. However, with what I believe to be a pro-growth administration in the White House and a Republican-controlled Congress, my outlook became more positive. The day after the election, I began putting some of the cash to work by increasing the portfolio’s exposure to financial and transportation stocks. Within days of the election result, the fund’s cash position declined to approximately 2% of total net assets as a by-product of those investment decisions. At period-end, both financials and transportation represented overweight positions relative to the benchmark.

What stocks aided performance results?

In December 2016, I bought Ichor Holdings, a leading supplier of gas and fluid delivery sub-systems serving the semiconductor capital equipment market, which came to market in an initial public offering. At that time, I believed the company could produce significant top-line growth from increased demand, had room for profit margin expansion, and could attract market share from competitors. Additionally, the stock was attractively valued at the time of purchase — trading at a price that didn’t reflect its earnings potential, in my view. The stock price has doubled since the purchase, but I

Small Cap Value Fund  5 

 



believe it remains significantly undervalued relative to a major competitor.

The fund’s position in Everyday Health rallied when J2 Global announced that it was acquiring the company for $10.50 per share on October 21, 2016. The buyout price represented a 25% premium to the prior day’s closing price. Since I believed that there was limited upside given the current valuation and, in my view, less-than-compelling growth prospects for the new company, I sold the position before the close of that month to lock in profits.

In the information technology sector, the stock of Acacia Communications rose significantly as investors came to appreciate the magnitude of the company’s DSP [digital signal processor] and optical technology advantages in the growing optical communications market. To lock in gains, I sold Acacia in the first half of the period after the stock had become fairly valued, in my opinion.

What holdings detracted most from performance results?

Our decision to not hold a position in Advanced Micro Devices, a producer of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, detracted significantly from relative performance results, as the stock performed well during the reporting period. In the slow global economic environment that characterized the early months of the period, the company’s heavy debt load and consistent lack of profitability over a multiyear period led us to avoid the stock. With solid demand for its products, the stock rallied despite a weak balance sheet and poor cash flow generation.

The fund’s investment in Gulfport Energy underperformed when management made a surprising acquisition in December 2016 that caused the stock to sell off. We still hold the position, as I believe it’s an asset-rich oil and gas company that is trading at an attractive valuation. The stock of MDC Partners, an advertising firm, which we believed had improving business prospects and cash flows, sold off


This chart shows the fund’s largest allocation shifts, by percentage, over the past six months. Allocations are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets. Current period summary information may differ from the portfolio schedule included in the financial statements due to the inclusion of derivative securities, any interest accruals, the exclusion of as-of trades, if any, the use of different classifications of securities for presentation purposes, and rounding. Holdings and allocations may vary over time.

Data in the chart reflect a new calculation methodology put into effect on 9/1/16.

6  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



when fundamentals deteriorated and profit margins eroded. The company’s challenges were amplified by the high leverage on its balance sheet. Given my deteriorating view of MDC Partners’ prospects, I sold the position before period-end.

What are your thoughts about valuations and performance potential for small-cap value stocks in 2017?

With the stock market hovering at all-time highs at period-end, confidence and optimism have returned to the U.S. markets — especially for higher-risk assets. I believe small-cap stocks continue to offer attractive long-term opportunities, but after their considerable rally, investors must be cognizant of not overpaying for that growth potential. As such, I am cautious about sectors where I believe stocks have become expensive relative to their longer-term prospects.

However, after their broad-based resurgence, small-cap stocks are beginning to behave more independently, as investors have become more discerning. This expands our stock-selection opportunities, particularly in stocks that I believe can deliver on their earnings potential. I will continue to focus on my bottom-up stock selection process by investing in quality stocks that are trading at discounts relative to their peers and that, in my opinion, have a potential catalyst for change.

Thank you, Eric, for your time and update on this fund.

The views expressed in this report are exclusively those of Putnam Management and are subject to change. They are not meant as investment advice.

Please note that the holdings discussed in this report may not have been held by the fund for the entire period. Portfolio composition is subject to review in accordance with the fund’s investment strategy and may vary in the future. Current and future portfolio holdings are subject to risk.

Small Cap Value Fund  7 

 



Your fund’s performance

This section shows your fund’s performance, price, and distribution information for periods ended February 28, 2017, the end of its most recent fiscal year. In accordance with regulatory requirements for mutual funds, we also include performance information as of the most recent calendar quarter-end and expense information taken from the fund’s current prospectus. Performance should always be considered in light of a fund’s investment strategy. Data represent past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results. More recent returns may be less or more than those shown. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate, and you may have a gain or a loss when you sell your shares. Performance information does not reflect any deduction for taxes a shareholder may owe on fund distributions or on the redemption of fund shares. For the most recent month-end performance, please visit the Individual Investors section at putnam.com or call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581. Class R, R5, R6, and Y shares are not available to all investors. See the Terms and Definitions section in this report for definitions of the share classes offered by your fund.

Fund performance Total return for periods ended 2/28/17

  Annual average    Annual    Annual    Annual   
  (life of fund)  10 years  average  5 years  average  3 years  average  1 year 

Class A (4/13/99)                 
Before sales charge  10.00%  64.89%  5.13%  87.26%  13.37%  26.32%  8.10%  38.90% 

After sales charge  9.63  55.41  4.51  76.49  12.03  19.06  5.99  30.91 

Class B (5/3/99)                 
Before CDSC  9.72  57.74  4.66  80.21  12.50  23.46  7.28  37.80 

After CDSC  9.72  57.74  4.66  78.21  12.25  20.46  6.40  32.80 

Class C (7/26/99)                 
Before CDSC  9.18  52.85  4.33  80.26  12.51  23.49  7.29  37.88 

After CDSC  9.18  52.85  4.33  80.26  12.51  23.49  7.29  36.88 

Class M (3/29/00)                 
Before sales charge  9.45  56.90  4.61  82.52  12.79  24.42  7.55  38.26 

After sales charge  9.24  51.41  4.24  76.13  11.99  20.06  6.28  33.42 

Class R (3/30/07)                 
Net asset value  9.72  60.80  4.86  84.76  13.06  25.35  7.82  38.55 

Class R5 (11/1/13)                 
Net asset value  10.26  69.53  5.42  90.00  13.70  27.63  8.47  39.36 

Class R6 (11/1/13)                 
Net asset value  10.28  70.00  5.45  90.52  13.76  27.89  8.54  39.54 

Class Y (1/3/01)                 
Net asset value  10.25  69.13  5.40  89.55  13.64  27.30  8.38  39.30 

 

Current performance may be lower or higher than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. After-sales-charge returns for class A and M shares reflect the deduction of the maximum 5.75% and 3.50% sales charge, respectively, levied at the time of purchase. Class B share returns after contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) reflect the applicable CDSC, which is 5% in the first year, declining over time to 1% in the sixth year, and is eliminated thereafter. Class C share returns after CDSC reflect a 1% CDSC for the first year that is eliminated thereafter. Class R, R5, R6, and Y shares have no initial sales charge or CDSC. Performance for class B, C, M, R, and Y shares before their inception is derived from the historical performance of class A shares, adjusted for the applicable sales charge (or CDSC) and the higher operating expenses for such shares, except for class Y shares, for which 12b-1 fees are not applicable. Performance for class R5 and R6 shares prior to their inception is derived from the historical performance of class Y shares and has not been adjusted for the lower investor servicing fees applicable to class R5 and R6 shares; had it, returns would have been higher.

For a portion of the periods, the fund had expense limitations, without which returns would have been lower.

Class B share performance reflects conversion to class A shares after six years.

8  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Comparative index returns For periods ended 2/28/17

  Annual average    Annual    Annual    Annual   
  (life of fund)  10 years  average  5 years  average  3 years  average  1 year 

Russell 2000                 
Value Index  10.19%  84.40%  6.31%  87.75%  13.43%  27.28%  8.37%  41.29% 

Lipper Small-Cap                 
Value Funds  10.65  91.08  6.60  75.79  11.84  20.91  6.45  34.86 
category average*                 

 

Index and Lipper results should be compared with fund performance before sales charge, before CDSC, or at net asset value.

* Over the 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, 10-year, and life-of-fund periods ended 2/28/17, there were 304, 257, 227, 141, and 53 funds, respectively, in this Lipper category.


Past performance does not indicate future results. At the end of the same time period, a $10,000 investment in the fund’s class B and C shares would have been valued at $15,774 and $15,285, respectively, and no contingent deferred sales charges would apply. A $10,000 investment in the fund’s class M shares ($9,650 after sales charge) would have been valued at $15,141. A $10,000 investment in the fund’s class R, R5, R6, and Y shares would have been valued at $16,080, $16,953, $17,000, and $16,913, respectively.

Fund price and distribution information For the 12-month period ended 2/28/17

Distributions  Class A  Class B  Class C  Class M  Class R  Class R5  Class R6  Class Y 

Number  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 

Income  $0.115  $0.035  $0.038  $0.055  $0.084  $0.169  $0.179  $0.152 

Capital gains                 

Total  $0.115  $0.035  $0.038  $0.055  $0.084  $0.169  $0.179  $0.152 

  Before  After  Net  Net  Before  After  Net  Net  Net  Net 
  sales  sales  asset  asset  sales  sales  asset  asset  asset  asset 
Share value  charge  charge  value  value  charge  charge  value  value  value  value 

2/29/16  $12.82  $13.60  $10.86  $10.82  $11.70  $12.12  $12.62  $13.32  $13.31  $13.27 

2/28/17  17.69  18.77  14.93  14.88  16.12  16.70  17.40  18.39  18.39  18.33 

 

The classification of distributions, if any, is an estimate. Before-sales-charge share value and current dividend rate for class A and M shares, if applicable, do not take into account any sales charge levied at the time of purchase. After-sales-charge share value, current dividend rate, and current 30-day SEC yield, if applicable, are calculated assuming that the maximum sales charge (5.75% for class A shares and 3.50% for class M shares) was levied at the time of purchase. Final distribution information will appear on your year-end tax forms.

 

Small Cap Value Fund  9 

 



Fund performance as of most recent calendar quarter Total return for periods ended 3/31/17

  Annual average    Annual    Annual    Annual   
  (life of fund)  10 years  average  5 years  average  3 years  average  1 year 

Class A (4/13/99)                 
Before sales charge  9.95%  62.92%  5.00%  82.89%  12.83%  24.20%  7.49%  30.01% 

After sales charge  9.59  53.55  4.38  72.38  11.51  17.06  5.39  22.53 

Class B (5/3/99)                 
Before CDSC  9.68  55.98  4.55  76.03  11.97  21.43  6.69  29.08 

After CDSC  9.68  55.98  4.55  74.03  11.72  18.43  5.80  24.08 

Class C (7/26/99)                 
Before CDSC  9.14  51.18  4.22  76.09  11.98  21.37  6.67  29.00 

After CDSC  9.14  51.18  4.22  76.09  11.98  21.37  6.67  28.00 

Class M (3/29/00)                 
Before sales charge  9.41  55.04  4.48  78.18  12.25  22.33  6.95  29.36 

After sales charge  9.19  49.62  4.11  71.94  11.45  18.05  5.69  24.83 

Class R (3/30/07)                 
Net asset value  9.68  58.82  4.73  80.48  12.53  23.16  7.19  29.67 

Class R5 (11/1/13)                 
Net asset value  10.22  67.53  5.30  85.47  13.15  25.40  7.84  30.45 

Class R6 (11/1/13)                 
Net asset value  10.24  67.99  5.32  85.98  13.21  25.73  7.93  30.62 

Class Y (1/3/01)                 
Net asset value  10.21  67.14  5.27  85.03  13.10  25.15  7.76  30.37 

 

See the discussion following the fund performance table on page 8 for information about the calculation of fund performance.

 

10  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Your fund’s expenses

As a mutual fund investor, you pay ongoing expenses, such as management fees, distribution fees (12b-1 fees), and other expenses. Using the following information, you can estimate how these expenses affect your investment and compare them with the expenses of other funds. You may also pay one-time transaction expenses, including sales charges (loads) and redemption fees, which are not shown in this section and would have resulted in higher total expenses. For more information, see your fund’s prospectus or talk to your financial representative.

Expense ratios

  Class A  Class B  Class C  Class M  Class R  Class R5  Class R6  Class Y 

Total annual operating expenses for the                 
fiscal year ended 2/29/16  1.44%*  2.19%*  2.19%*  1.94%*  1.69%*  1.12%  1.02%  1.19%* 

Annualized expense ratio for the                 
six-month period ended 2/28/17  1.20%  1.95%  1.95%  1.70%  1.45%  0.87%  0.77%  0.95% 

 

Fiscal-year expense information in this table is taken from the most recent prospectus, is subject to change, and may differ from that shown for the annualized expense ratio and in the financial highlights of this report.

Prospectus expense information also includes the impact of acquired fund fees and expenses of 0.26%, which is not included in the financial highlights or annualized expense ratios. Expenses are shown as a percentage of average net assets.

* Restated to reflect current fees resulting from a change to the fund’s investor servicing arrangements effective September 1, 2016.

Expense ratios for each class are for the fund’s most recent fiscal half year. As a result of this, ratios may differ from expense ratios based on one-year data in the financial highlights.

Expenses per $1,000

The following table shows the expenses you would have paid on a $1,000 investment in each class of the fund from 9/1/16 to 2/28/17. It also shows how much a $1,000 investment would be worth at the close of the period, assuming actual returns and expenses.

  Class A  Class B  Class C  Class M  Class R  Class R5  Class R6  Class Y 

Expenses paid per $1,000*†  $6.44  $10.45  $10.45  $9.11  $7.78  $4.67  $4.14  $5.10 

Ending value (after expenses)  $1,165.40  $1,161.00  $1,161.00  $1,162.10  $1,163.40  $1,166.70  $1,168.10  $1,166.20 

 

* Expenses for each share class are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio for each class, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 2/28/17. The expense ratio may differ for each share class.

Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.

Small Cap Value Fund  11 

 



Estimate the expenses you paid

To estimate the ongoing expenses you paid for the six months ended 2/28/17, use the following calculation method. To find the value of your investment on 9/1/16, call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581.


Compare expenses using the SEC’s method

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has established guidelines to help investors assess fund expenses. Per these guidelines, the following table shows your fund’s expenses based on a $1,000 investment, assuming a hypothetical 5% annualized return. You can use this information to compare the ongoing expenses (but not transaction expenses or total costs) of investing in the fund with those of other funds. All mutual fund shareholder reports will provide this information to help you make this comparison. Please note that you cannot use this information to estimate your actual ending account balance and expenses paid during the period.

  Class A  Class B  Class C  Class M  Class R  Class R5  Class R6  Class Y 

Expenses paid per $1,000*†  $6.01  $9.74  $9.74  $8.50  $7.25  $4.36  $3.86  $4.76 

Ending value (after expenses)  $1,018.84  $1,015.12  $1,015.12  $1,016.36  $1,017.60  $1,020.48  $1,020.98  $1,020.08 

 

* Expenses for each share class are calculated using the fund’s annualized expense ratio for each class, which represents the ongoing expenses as a percentage of average net assets for the six months ended 2/28/17. The expense ratio may differ for each share class.

Expenses are calculated by multiplying the expense ratio by the average account value for the six-month period; then multiplying the result by the number of days in the six-month period; and then dividing that result by the number of days in the year.

12  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Terms and definitions

Important terms

Total return shows how the value of the fund’s shares changed over time, assuming you held the shares through the entire period and reinvested all distributions in the fund.

Before sales charge, or net asset value, is the price, or value, of one share of a mutual fund, without a sales charge. Before-sales-charge figures fluctuate with market conditions, and are calculated by dividing the net assets of each class of shares by the number of outstanding shares in the class.

After sales charge is the price of a mutual fund share plus the maximum sales charge levied at the time of purchase. After-sales-charge performance figures shown here assume the 5.75% maximum sales charge for class A shares and 3.50% for class M shares.

Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) is generally a charge applied at the time of the redemption of class B or C shares and assumes redemption at the end of the period. Your fund’s class B CDSC declines over time from a 5% maximum during the first year to 1% during the sixth year. After the sixth year, the CDSC no longer applies. The CDSC for class C shares is 1% for one year after purchase.

Share classes

Class A shares are generally subject to an initial sales charge and no CDSC (except on certain redemptions of shares bought without an initial sales charge).

Class B shares are not subject to an initial sales charge and may be subject to a CDSC.

Class C shares are not subject to an initial sales charge and are subject to a CDSC only if the shares are redeemed during the first year.

Class M shares have a lower initial sales charge and a higher 12b-1 fee than class A shares and no CDSC.

Class R shares are not subject to an initial sales charge or CDSC and are only available to employer-sponsored retirement plans.

Class R5 and R6 shares are not subject to an initial sales charge or CDSC, and carry no 12b-1 fee. They are only available to employer-sponsored retirement plans.

Class Y shares are not subject to an initial sales charge or CDSC, and carry no 12b-1 fee. They are generally only available to corporate and institutional clients and clients in other approved programs.

Comparative indexes

Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is an unmanaged index of U.S. investment-grade fixed-income securities.

BofA Merrill Lynch U.S. 3-Month Treasury Bill Index is an unmanaged index that seeks to measure the performance of U.S. Treasury bills available in the marketplace.

Russell 2000 Value Index is an unmanaged index of those companies in the small-cap Russell 2000 Index chosen for their value orientation.

S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index of common stock performance.

Indexes assume reinvestment of all distributions and do not account for fees. Securities and performance of a fund and an index will differ. You cannot invest directly in an index.

Frank Russell Company is the source and owner of the trademarks, service marks, and copyrights related to the Russell Indexes. Russell® is a trademark of Frank Russell Company.

Lipper is a third-party industry-ranking entity that ranks mutual funds. Its rankings do not reflect sales charges. Lipper rankings are based on total return at net asset value relative to other funds that have similar current investment styles or objectives as determined by Lipper. Lipper may change a fund’s category assignment at its discretion. Lipper category averages reflect performance trends for funds within a category.

Small Cap Value Fund  13 

 



Other information for shareholders

Proxy voting

Putnam is committed to managing our mutual funds in the best interests of our shareholders. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2016, are available in the Individual Investors section of putnam.com, and on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) website, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures at no charge by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

Fund portfolio holdings

The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Form N-Q on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, the fund’s Form N-Q may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SEC’s website or the operation of the Public Reference Room.

Trustee and employee fund ownership

Putnam employees and members of the Board of Trustees place their faith, confidence, and, most importantly, investment dollars in Putnam mutual funds. As of February 28, 2017, Putnam employees had approximately $482,000,000 and the Trustees had approximately $136,000,000 invested in Putnam mutual funds. These amounts include investments by the Trustees’ and employees’ immediate family members as well as investments through retirement and deferred compensation plans.

14  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Important notice regarding Putnam’s privacy policy

In order to conduct business with our shareholders, we must obtain certain personal information such as account holders’ names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and dates of birth. Using this information, we are able to maintain accurate records of accounts and transactions.

It is our policy to protect the confidentiality of our shareholder information, whether or not a shareholder currently owns shares of our funds. In particular, it is our policy not to sell information about you or your accounts to outside marketing firms. We have safeguards in place designed to prevent unauthorized access to our computer systems and procedures to protect personal information from unauthorized use.

Under certain circumstances, we must share account information with outside vendors who provide services to us, such as mailings and proxy solicitations. In these cases, the service providers enter into confidentiality agreements with us, and we provide only the information necessary to process transactions and perform other services related to your account. Finally, it is our policy to share account information with your financial representative, if you’ve listed one on your Putnam account.

Small Cap Value Fund  15 

 



Financial statements

These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, preceded by the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, constitute the fund’s financial statements.

The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type/and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and/diversification.

Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are determined. All investment and non-investment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares. (For funds with preferred shares, the amount subtracted from total assets includes the liquidation preference of preferred shares.)

Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal year.

Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were/earned.

Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlights table also includes the current reporting period.

16  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders
Putnam Investment Funds:

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Putnam Small Cap Value Fund (the fund), a series of Putnam Investments Funds, including the fund’s portfolio, as of February 28, 2017, and the related statement of operations for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended. These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of February 28, 2017, by correspondence with the custodian and brokers or by other appropriate auditing procedures. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Putnam Small Cap Value Fund as of February 28, 2017, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the years in the two-year period then ended, and the financial highlights for each of the years in the five-year period then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.


Boston, Massachusetts
April 7, 2017

Small Cap Value Fund  17 

 



The fund’s portfolio 2/28/17

COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)*  Shares  Value 

Aerospace and defense (0.2%)     

Vectrus, Inc.   44,970  $1,088,724 

    1,088,724 

Air freight and logistics (1.0%)     

Atlas Air Worldwide Holdings, Inc.   34,900  1,984,065 

Park-Ohio Holdings Corp.  60,549  2,703,513 

    4,687,578 

Airlines (1.0%)     

SkyWest, Inc.  66,400  2,333,960 

Spirit Airlines, Inc.   48,300  2,521,743 

    4,855,703 

Auto components (2.5%)     

Dana, Inc.  131,700  2,487,813 

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (The)  69,500  2,435,975 

Horizon Global Corp.   101,212  1,850,155 

Modine Manufacturing Co.   230,500  2,616,175 

Stoneridge, Inc.   164,840  2,784,148 

    12,174,266 

Banks (18.2%)     

Berkshire Hills Bancorp, Inc.  90,800  3,209,780 

Camden National Corp.  74,221  3,151,424 

Chemical Financial Corp.  47,951  2,554,350 

Civista Bancshares, Inc.  94,135  2,064,381 

First Bancorp  96,400  2,896,820 

First Busey Corp.  99,600  3,079,632 

First Connecticut Bancorp, Inc.  93,300  2,253,195 

First Financial Bancorp  98,600  2,736,150 

First Internet Bancorp  94,223  2,897,357 

First Merchants Corp.  111,600  4,477,392 

Franklin Financial Network, Inc.   69,364  2,732,942 

Fulton Financial Corp.  173,100  3,310,538 

Hanmi Financial Corp.  112,800  3,767,520 

IBERIABANK Corp.  41,618  3,527,126 

Independent Bank Group, Inc.  43,500  2,753,550 

Investors Bancorp, Inc.  167,100  2,444,673 

Lakeland Financial Corp.  38,800  1,761,132 

Old National Bancorp  193,000  3,541,550 

Pacific Premier Bancorp, Inc.   74,800  2,992,000 

Peoples Bancorp, Inc.  97,500  3,170,700 

Popular, Inc. (Puerto Rico)  82,220  3,622,613 

Preferred Bank  66,831  3,751,892 

Southside Bancshares, Inc.  58,023  2,044,150 

Sterling Bancorp  157,500  3,898,125 

Tristate Capital Holdings, Inc.   135,674  3,195,123 

United Community Banks, Inc./GA  80,800  2,334,312 

Univest Corp of Pennsylvania  93,300  2,598,405 

Washington Trust Bancorp, Inc.  32,300  1,750,660 

 

18  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)* cont.  Shares  Value 

Banks cont.     

Western Alliance Bancorp   45,700  $2,359,948 

Wintrust Financial Corp.  45,300  3,338,610 

    88,216,050 

Beverages (0.4%)     

Cott Corp. (Canada) S   183,110  1,951,953 

    1,951,953 

Biotechnology (1.3%)     

Conatus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. S   286,600  1,395,742 

Eagle Pharmaceuticals, Inc.   31,100  2,385,059 

Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. S   77,185  2,422,065 

    6,202,866 

Building products (1.3%)     

Continental Building Products, Inc.   91,143  2,228,446 

NCI Building Systems, Inc.   139,991  2,239,856 

Ply Gem Holdings, Inc.   100,900  1,755,660 

    6,223,962 

Capital markets (0.4%)     

OM Asset Management PLC (United Kingdom)  127,403  1,899,579 

    1,899,579 

Chemicals (2.1%)     

American Vanguard Corp.  139,300  2,193,975 

Ferro Corp.   168,400  2,357,600 

Innophos Holdings, Inc.  49,300  2,612,407 

Kraton Corp.   46,400  1,263,472 

Minerals Technologies, Inc.  23,197  1,791,968 

    10,219,422 

Commercial services and supplies (1.1%)     

ACCO Brands Corp.   259,000  3,470,600 

Ennis, Inc.  115,421  1,887,133 

    5,357,733 

Construction and engineering (2.7%)     

Dycom Industries, Inc. S   24,700  2,029,846 

Granite Construction, Inc.  39,500  2,093,895 

MasTec, Inc.   79,200  3,108,600 

Orion Group Holdings, Inc.   309,500  2,896,920 

Quanta Services, Inc.   79,900  2,981,868 

    13,111,129 

Construction materials (0.4%)     

Summit Materials, Inc. Class A   87,436  2,088,846 

    2,088,846 

Consumer finance (1.1%)     

Encore Capital Group, Inc. S   102,140  3,401,262 

EZCORP, Inc. Class A   214,100  1,884,080 

    5,285,342 

Containers and packaging (0.6%)     

Greif, Inc. Class A  47,200  2,691,816 

    2,691,816 

 

Small Cap Value Fund  19 

 



COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)* cont.  Shares  Value 

Diversified consumer services (1.1%)     

Carriage Services, Inc.   88,900  $2,290,953 

DeVry Education Group, Inc. S   88,200  2,835,630 

    5,126,583 

Electric utilities (2.8%)     

ALLETE, Inc.  51,000  3,427,710 

IDACORP, Inc.  54,900  4,552,857 

PNM Resources, Inc.  72,000  2,613,600 

Portland General Electric Co.  65,700  2,978,181 

    13,572,348 

Electrical equipment (0.5%)     

General Cable Corp.  135,400  2,261,180 

    2,261,180 

Electronic equipment, instruments, and components (3.4%)     

Anixter International, Inc.   30,100  2,507,330 

Belden, Inc.  29,600  2,091,240 

Control4 Corp.   260,100  3,883,293 

Jabil Circuit, Inc.  119,100  3,038,241 

Orbotech, Ltd. (Israel)   129,800  3,913,470 

Sanmina Corp.   25,500  994,500 

    16,428,074 

Energy equipment and services (1.2%)     

Independence Contract Drilling, Inc.   173,036  1,029,564 

Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc.  168,800  4,662,256 

    5,691,820 

Equity real estate investment trusts (REITs) (7.0%)     

American Assets Trust, Inc.  68,701  3,022,844 

Apartment Investment & Management Co. Class A  47,700  2,219,481 

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.  225,800  2,264,774 

Clipper Realty, Inc. S   43,457  591,015 

Education Realty Trust, Inc.  46,564  1,962,673 

EPR Properties  32,500  2,501,200 

Equity Commonwealth   100,800  3,151,008 

iStar, Inc. S   255,900  3,081,036 

LTC Properties, Inc.  51,300  2,474,712 

Paramount Group, Inc.  126,900  2,211,867 

Rayonier, Inc.  132,000  3,780,480 

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.  302,714  4,658,768 

Tanger Factory Outlet Centers, Inc.  62,800  2,127,036 

    34,046,894 

Food and staples retail (0.8%)     

SpartanNash Co.  69,090  2,411,241 

SUPERVALU, Inc.   327,100  1,236,438 

    3,647,679 

Food products (0.9%)     

Nomad Foods, Ltd. (United Kingdom)   171,200  1,842,112 

Sanderson Farms, Inc. S   25,700  2,442,528 

    4,284,640 

Gas utilities (0.8%)     

Southwest Gas Corp.  46,700  3,994,251 

    3,994,251 

 

20  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)* cont.  Shares  Value 

Health-care providers and services (1.7%)     

AMN Healthcare Services, Inc.   75,900  $3,123,285 

Ensign Group, Inc. (The)  142,071  2,676,618 

Fulgent Genetics, Inc.   218,282  2,477,501 

    8,277,404 

Hotels, restaurants, and leisure (1.9%)     

Bloomin’ Brands, Inc.  98,200  1,678,238 

Del Taco Restaurants, Inc. S   205,503  2,550,292 

Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corp.  30,400  2,855,472 

Penn National Gaming, Inc.   155,100  2,244,297 

    9,328,299 

Household durables (0.6%)     

Century Communities, Inc.   133,700  3,055,045 

    3,055,045 

Independent power and renewable electricity producers (0.2%)     

Dynegy, Inc. S   127,800  1,027,512 

    1,027,512 

Insurance (5.7%)     

American Financial Group, Inc.  35,732  3,360,952 

AMERISAFE, Inc.  42,100  2,707,030 

CNO Financial Group, Inc.  100,300  2,097,273 

Employers Holdings, Inc.  76,100  2,861,360 

Hanover Insurance Group, Inc. (The)  26,700  2,403,534 

James River Group Holdings, Ltd. (Bermuda)  57,900  2,490,858 

Maiden Holdings, Ltd. (Bermuda)  132,800  2,051,760 

National General Holdings Corp.  81,400  1,981,276 

Reinsurance Group of America, Inc.  31,719  4,125,373 

Validus Holdings, Ltd.  61,613  3,552,606 

    27,632,022 

Internet and direct marketing retail (0.2%)     

FTD Cos., Inc.   40,000  966,400 

    966,400 

Internet software and services (1.5%)     

GTT Communications, Inc.   117,900  3,289,410 

j2 Global, Inc.  50,000  4,071,000 

    7,360,410 

IT Services (1.2%)     

Convergys Corp.  83,300  1,822,604 

Everi Holdings, Inc.   445,000  1,446,250 

Virtusa Corp.   80,400  2,493,204 

    5,762,058 

Leisure products (0.7%)     

Brunswick Corp.  53,100  3,180,159 

    3,180,159 

Life sciences tools and services (0.9%)     

Enzo Biochem, Inc.   329,500  2,125,275 

VWR Corp.   72,031  2,024,071 

    4,149,346 

 

Small Cap Value Fund  21 

 



COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)* cont.  Shares  Value 

Machinery (0.9%)     

EnPro Industries, Inc.  34,500  $2,252,160 

Kadant, Inc.  33,700  2,086,030 

    4,338,190 

Media (0.8%)     

Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.   78,000  2,215,980 

Madison Square Garden Co. (The) Class A   9,766  1,751,630 

    3,967,610 

Metals and mining (0.6%)     

Ferroglobe PLC (United Kingdom)  270,395  2,917,562 

Ferroglobe Representation & Warranty Insurance Trust F  270,395   

    2,917,562 

Mortgage real estate investment trusts (REITs) (1.0%)     

Cherry Hill Mortgage Investment Corp.  64,338  1,193,470 

Redwood Trust, Inc.  215,400  3,526,098 

    4,719,568 

Multi-utilities (0.5%)     

Avista Corp.  56,200  2,240,694 

    2,240,694 

Oil, gas, and consumable fuels (3.9%)     

Aegean Marine Petroleum Network, Inc. (Greece) S   252,015  2,545,352 

Callon Petroleum Co.   199,184  2,513,702 

Energen Corp.   85,500  4,488,750 

Gulfport Energy Corp.   102,100  1,770,414 

PBF Energy, Inc. Class A  109,200  2,674,308 

PDC Energy, Inc.   42,200  2,852,298 

Ring Energy, Inc.   151,380  1,871,057 

    18,715,881 

Personal products (0.5%)     

Edgewell Personal Care Co.   32,000  2,362,880 

    2,362,880 

Pharmaceuticals (0.4%)     

Sucampo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Class A S   163,400  1,919,950 

    1,919,950 

Real estate management and development (0.6%)     

RE/MAX Holdings, Inc. Class A  49,620  2,853,150 

    2,853,150 

Road and rail (1.7%)     

Marten Transport, Ltd.  96,500  2,369,075 

Saia, Inc.   62,700  3,031,545 

YRC Worldwide, Inc.   235,100  3,018,684 

    8,419,304 

Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment (5.5%)     

Advanced Energy Industries, Inc.   26,500  1,645,650 

Exar Corp.   270,800  2,832,568 

FormFactor, Inc.   272,900  2,906,385 

Ichor Holdings, Ltd.   154,274  2,898,808 

MaxLinear, Inc. Class A   108,100  2,814,924 

Silicon Motion Technology Corp. ADR (Taiwan)  66,100  2,682,999 

Teradyne, Inc.  124,100  3,529,404 

 

22  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



COMMON STOCKS (91.3%)* cont.  Shares  Value 

Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment cont.     

Tower Semiconductor, Ltd. (Israel) S   206,500  $4,739,175 

Xperi Corp.  78,300  2,807,055 

    26,856,968 

Specialty retail (0.4%)     

Tailored Brands, Inc.  87,600  2,024,436 

    2,024,436 

Technology hardware, storage, and peripherals (1.4%)     

BancTec, Inc. 144A CVR F   160,833   

NCR Corp.   68,100  3,273,567 

Super Micro Computer, Inc.   131,000  3,406,000 

    6,679,567 

Textiles, apparel, and luxury goods (0.3%)     

Perry Ellis International, Inc.   68,535  1,596,180 

    1,596,180 

Thrifts and mortgage finance (4.9%)     

Astoria Financial Corp.  126,100  2,331,589 

BofI Holding, Inc. S   87,100  2,747,134 

First Defiance Financial Corp.  63,800  3,135,770 

Meta Financial Group, Inc. S   42,400  3,629,440 

NMI Holdings, Inc. Class A   219,900  2,440,890 

Provident Financial Services, Inc.  72,400  1,922,220 

Walker & Dunlop, Inc.   74,849  3,042,612 

Washington Federal, Inc.  66,600  2,254,410 

WSFS Financial Corp.  52,300  2,384,877 

    23,888,942 

Trading companies and distributors (0.5%)     

BMC Stock Holdings, Inc. S   126,400  2,654,400 

    2,654,400 

Total common stocks (cost $345,477,626)    $442,002,375 

 
 
INVESTMENT COMPANIES (3.1%)*  Shares  Value 

Hercules Capital, Inc. S   235,523  $3,488,096 

Medley Capital Corp. S   446,200  3,382,196 

Solar Capital, Ltd.  134,058  2,985,472 

TCP Capital Corp.  170,348  2,923,172 

TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp.  162,574  2,126,468 

Total investment companies (cost $14,390,772)    $14,905,404 

 
 
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (13.2%)*  Shares  Value 

Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC 0.97% d   33,533,970  $33,533,970 

Putnam Short Term Investment Fund 0.76% L   30,472,680  30,472,680 

Total short-term investments (cost $64,006,650)    $64,006,650 

 
 
TOTAL INVESTMENTS     

Total investments (cost $423,875,048)    $520,914,429 

 

Small Cap Value Fund  23 

 



Key to holding’s abbreviations

ADR  American Depository Receipts: represents ownership of foreign securities on deposit with a custodian bank 
CVR  Contingent Value Rights 

 

Notes to the fund’s portfolio

Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from March 1, 2016 through February 28, 2017 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter.

* Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $484,145,515.

This security is non-income-producing.

d Affiliated company. See Notes 1 and 5 to the financial statements regarding securities lending. The rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield of the fund at the close of the reporting period.

F This security is valued by Putnam Management at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. Securities may be classified as Level 2 or Level 3 for ASC 820 based on the securities’ valuation inputs (Note 1).

L Affiliated company (Note 5). The rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield of the fund at the close of the reporting period.

S Security on loan, in part or in entirety, at the close of the reporting period (Note 1).

144A after the name of an issuer represents securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers.

24  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:

    Valuation inputs  

Investments in securities:  Level 1  Level 2  Level 3 

Common stocks*:       

Consumer discretionary  $41,418,978  $—­  $—­ 

Consumer staples  12,247,152  —­  —­ 

Energy  24,407,701  —­  —­ 

Financials  151,641,503  —­  —­ 

Health care  20,549,566  —­  —­ 

Industrials  52,997,903  —­  —­ 

Information technology  63,087,077  —­  **  

Materials  17,917,646  —­  —­ 

Real estate  36,900,044  —­  —­ 

Utilities  20,834,805  —­  —­ 

Total common stocks  442,002,375  —­  —­ 
 
Investment companies  14,905,404  —­  —­ 

Short-term investments  30,472,680  33,533,970  —­ 

Totals by level  $487,380,459  $33,533,970  $—­ 

 

* Common stock classifications are presented at the sector level, which may differ from the fund’s portfolio presentation.

** Value of Level 3 security is $—.

During the reporting period, transfers within the fair value hierarchy, if any (other than certain transfers involving non-U.S. equity securities as described in Note 1), did not represent, in the aggregate, more than 1% of the fund’s net assets measured as of the end of the period. Transfers are accounted for using the end of period pricing valuation method.

At the start and close of the reporting period, Level 3 investments in securities represented less than 1% of the fund’s net assets and were not considered a significant portion of the fund’s portfolio.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Small Cap Value Fund  25 

 



Statement of assets and liabilities 2/28/17

ASSETS   

Investment in securities, at value, including $32,180,599 of securities on loan (Note 1):   
Unaffiliated issuers (identified cost $359,868,398)  $456,907,779 
Affiliated issuers (identified cost $64,006,650) (Notes 1 and 5)  64,006,650 

Dividends, interest and other receivables  501,065 

Receivable for shares of the fund sold  1,824,779 

Receivable for investments sold  5,426,547 

Prepaid assets  64,404 

Total assets  528,731,224 

 
LIABILITIES   

Payable for investments purchased  9,319,798 

Payable for shares of the fund repurchased  1,004,029 

Payable for compensation of Manager (Note 2)  232,275 

Payable for custodian fees (Note 2)  11,551 

Payable for investor servicing fees (Note 2)  151,579 

Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)  123,071 

Payable for administrative services (Note 2)  1,487 

Payable for distribution fees (Note 2)  96,812 

Collateral on securities loaned, at value (Note 1)  33,533,970 

Other accrued expenses  111,137 

Total liabilities  44,585,709 
 
Net assets  $484,145,515 

 
REPRESENTED BY   

Paid-in capital (Unlimited shares authorized) (Notes 1 and 4)  $374,111,894 

Distributions in excess of net investment income (Note 1)   

Accumulated net realized gain on investments (Note 1)  12,994,240 

Net unrealized appreciation of investments  97,039,381 

Total — Representing net assets applicable to capital shares outstanding  $484,145,515 

 

(Continued on next page)

 

26  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Statement of assets and liabilities cont.

COMPUTATION OF NET ASSET VALUE AND OFFERING PRICE   

Net asset value and redemption price per class A share   
($187,838,702 divided by 10,620,475 shares)  $17.69 

Offering price per class A share (100/94.25 of $17.69)*  $18.77 

Net asset value and offering price per class B share ($3,423,729 divided by 229,270 shares)**  $14.93 

Net asset value and offering price per class C share ($22,025,325 divided by 1,479,788 shares)**  $14.88 

Net asset value and redemption price per class M share ($1,482,153 divided by 91,934 shares)  $16.12 

Offering price per class M share (100/96.50 of $16.12)*  $16.70 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class R share   
($976,911 divided by 56,145 shares)  $17.40 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class R5 share   
($469,389 divided by 25,518 shares)  $18.39 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class R6 share   
($56,106,154 divided by 3,050,989 shares)  $18.39 

Net asset value, offering price and redemption price per class Y share   
($211,823,152 divided by 11,555,414 shares)  $18.33 

 

* On single retail sales of less than $50,000. On sales of $50,000 or more the offering price is reduced.

** Redemption price per share is equal to net asset value less any applicable contingent deferred sales charge.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Small Cap Value Fund  27 

 



Statement of operations Year ended 2/28/17

INVESTMENT INCOME   

Dividends (net of foreign tax of $51,054)  $6,295,710 

Interest (including interest income of $159,907 from investments in affiliated issuers) (Note 5)  160,004 

Securities lending (net of expenses) (Notes 1 and 5)  239,717 

Total investment income  6,695,431 

 
EXPENSES   

Compensation of Manager (Note 2)  2,483,495 

Investor servicing fees (Note 2)  794,284 

Custodian fees (Note 2)  21,845 

Trustee compensation and expenses (Note 2)  24,487 

Distribution fees (Note 2)  629,770 

Administrative services (Note 2)  11,918 

Other  302,149 

Fees waived and reimbursed by Manager (Note 2)  (3,991) 

Total expenses  4,263,957 

Expense reduction (Note 2)  (23,247) 

Net expenses  4,240,710 
 
Net investment income  2,454,721 

 
Net realized gain on investments (Notes 1 and 3)  23,148,318 

Net unrealized appreciation of investments during the year  102,886,041 

Net gain on investments  126,034,359 
 
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations  $128,489,080 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

28  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Statement of changes in net assets

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS  Year ended 2/28/17  Year ended 2/29/16 

Operations     

Net investment income  $2,454,721  $2,738,140 

Net realized gain on investments  23,148,318  3,472,455 

Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of investments  102,886,041  (50,496,419) 

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting     
from operations  128,489,080  (44,285,824) 

Distributions to shareholders (Note 1):     
From ordinary income     
Net investment income     

Class A  (1,193,020)  (1,369,833) 

Class B  (7,267)  (10,630) 

Class C  (53,673)  (89,971) 

Class M  (4,907)  (5,928) 

Class R  (5,257)  (5,700) 

Class R5  (4,383)  (151) 

Class R6  (508,691)  (156,852) 

Class Y  (1,629,123)  (1,660,501) 

Net realized short-term gain on investments     

Class A    (268,300) 

Class B    (5,494) 

Class C    (34,858) 

Class M    (2,191) 

Class R    (1,383) 

Class R5    (23) 

Class R6    (22,461) 

Class Y    (260,769) 

From net realized long-term gain on investments     
Class A    (6,054,715) 

Class B    (123,974) 

Class C    (786,641) 

Class M    (49,460) 

Class R    (31,219) 

Class R5    (522) 

Class R6    (506,873) 

Class Y    (5,884,768) 

From return of capital     
Class A    (431,661) 

Class B    (3,350) 

Class C    (28,352) 

Class M    (1,868) 

Class R    (1,796) 

Class R5    (48) 

Class R6    (49,427) 

Class Y    (523,256) 
Increase from capital share transactions (Note 4)  27,790,693  36,710,246 

Total increase (decrease) in net assets  152,873,452  (25,948,553) 

 
NET ASSETS     

Beginning of year  331,272,063  357,220,616 

End of year (including distributions in excess     
of net investment income of $— and undistributed net     
investment income of $—, respectively)  $484,145,515  $331,272,063 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

 

Small Cap Value Fund  29 

 



Financial highlights (For a common share outstanding throughout the period)

  INVESTMENT OPERATIONS LESS DISTRIBUTIONS RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
 
                            Ratio of net   
  Net asset  Net  Net realized      From              Ratio  investment   
  value,  investment  and unrealized  Total from  From  net realized        Net asset  Total return  Net assets,  of expenses  income (loss)   
  beginning  income  gain (loss)  investment  net investment  gain  From  Total  Redemption  value, end  at net asset  end of period  to average  to average  Portfolio 
Period ended­  of period­  (loss)a  on investments­  operations­  income­  on investments­­  return of capital­  distributions  fees  of period­  value (%)b  (in thousands)  net assets (%)c  net assets (%)  turnover (%) 

Class A­                               

February 28, 2017­  $12.82­  .08­  4.91­  4.99­  (.12)  —­  —­  (.12)  —­  $17.69­  38.90­  $187,839­  1.18­d  .53­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  15.34­  .10­  (1.87)  (1.77)  (.13)  (.58)  (.04)  (.75)  —­  12.82­  (12.04)  142,656­  1.15­  .70­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  15.45­  .09­  .42­  .51­  (.12)  (.50)  —­  (.62)  —­  15.34­  3.40­  172,363­  1.18­  .60­  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  12.05­  .05­  3.51­  3.56­  (.10)  (.06)  —­  (.16)  —­e  15.45­  29.58­  171,473­  1.21­  .33­  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  10.54­  .08­  1.44­  1.52­  (.01)  —­  —­  (.01)  —­e  12.05­  14.40­  133,547­  1.28­  .71­  64­ 

Class B­                               

February 28, 2017­  $10.86­  (.03)  4.14­  4.11­  (.04)  —­  —­  (.04)  —­  $14.93­  37.80­  $3,424­  1.93­d  (.25)d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  13.10­  —­e  (1.59)  (1.59)  (.05)  (.58)  (.02)  (.65)  —­  10.86­  (12.68)  2,398­  1.90­  (.03)  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  13.28­  (.02)  .35­  .33­  (.01)  (.50)  —­  (.51)  —­  13.10­  2.60­  3,398­  1.93­  (.16)  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  10.39­  (.05)  3.01­  2.96­  (.01)  (.06)  —­  (.07)  —­e  13.28­  28.55­  4,215­  1.96­  (.41)  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  9.15­  —­e  1.24­  1.24­  —­  —­  —­  —­  —­e  10.39­  13.55­  3,764­  2.03­  (.04)  64­ 

Class C­                               

February 28, 2017­  $10.82­  (.03)  4.13­  4.10­  (.04)  —­  —­  (.04)  —­  $14.88­  37.88­  $22,025­  1.93­d  (.23)d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  13.09­  (.01)  (1.60)  (1.61)  (.06)  (.58)  (.02)  (.66)  —­  10.82­  (12.78)  15,527­  1.90­  (.05)  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  13.29­  (.02)  .36­  .34­  (.04)  (.50)  —­  (.54)  —­  13.09­  2.68­  17,701­  1.93­  (.15)  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  10.41­  (.05)  3.02­  2.97­  (.03)  (.06)  —­  (.09)  —­e  13.29­  28.58­  14,732­  1.96­  (.43)  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  9.17­  —­e  1.24­  1.24­  —­  —­  —­  —­  —­e  10.41­  13.52­  9,244­  2.03­  (.05)  64­ 

Class M­                               

February 28, 2017­  $11.70­  —­e  4.48­  4.48­  (.06)  —­  —­  (.06)  —­  $16.12­  38.26­  $1,482­  1.68­d  .03­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  14.06­  .03­  (1.72)  (1.69)  (.07)  (.58)  (.02)  (.67)  —­  11.70­  (12.51)  1,097­  1.65­  .21­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  14.22­  .01­  .38­  .39­  (.05)  (.50)  —­  (.55)  —­  14.06­  2.85­  1,524­  1.68­  .10­  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  11.11­  (.02)  3.22­  3.20­  (.03)  (.06)  —­  (.09)  —­e  14.22­  28.87­  1,460­  1.71­  (.16)  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  9.76­  .02­  1.33­  1.35­  —­  —­  —­  —­  —­e  11.11­  13.83­  1,294­  1.78­  .22­  64­ 

Class R­                               

February 28, 2017­  $12.62­  .04­  4.82­  4.86­  (.08)  —­  —­  (.08)  —­  $17.40­  38.55­  $977­  1.43­d  .29­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  15.12­  .06­  (1.85)  (1.79)  (.10)  (.58)  (.03)  (.71)  —­  12.62­  (12.28)  743­  1.40­  .39­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  15.25­  .05­  .41­  .46­  (.09)  (.50)  —­  (.59)  —­  15.12­  3.14­  772­  1.43­  .35­  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  11.91­  .01­  3.46­  3.47­  (.07)  (.06)  —­  (.13)  —­e  15.25­  29.20­  567­  1.46­  .07­  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  10.44­  .05­  1.42­  1.47­  —­  —­  —­  —­  —­e  11.91­  14.08­  381­  1.53­  .47­  64­ 

Class R5­                               

February 28, 2017­  $13.32­  .13­  5.11­  5.24­  (.17)  —­  —­  (.17)  —­  $18.39­  39.36­  $469­  .87­d  .80­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  15.90­  .15­  (1.94)  (1.79)  (.16)  (.58)  (.05)  (.79)  —­  13.32­  (11.73)  14­  .86­  .96­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  15.98­  .15­  .43­  .58­  (.16)  (.50)  —­  (.66)  —­  15.90­  3.76­  12­  .88­  .90­  54­ 

February 28, 2014  14.98­  .03­  1.13­  1.16­  (.10)  (.06)  —­  (.16)  —­  15.98­  7.78*  11­  .29*  .22*  68­ 

Class R6­                               

February 28, 2017­  $13.31­  .14­  5.12­  5.26­  (.18)  —­  —­  (.18)  —­  $18.39­  39.54­  $56,106­  .77­d  .85­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  15.90­  .15­  (1.94)  (1.79)  (.17)  (.58)  (.05)  (.80)  —­  13.31­  (11.71)  21,860­  .76­  .97­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  15.99­  .16­  .43­  .59­  (.18)  (.50)  —­  (.68)  —­  15.90­  3.81­  13,129­  .78­  1.00­  54­ 

February 28, 2014  14.98­  .01­  1.16­  1.17­  (.10)  (.06)  —­  (.16)  —­  15.99­  7.87*  14,260­  .25*  .08*  68­ 

 

See notes to financial highlights at the end of this section.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

30  Small Cap Value Fund  Small Cap Value Fund  31 

 



Financial highlights cont.

  INVESTMENT OPERATIONS LESS DISTRIBUTIONS RATIOS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
 
                            Ratio of net   
  Net asset  Net  Net realized      From              Ratio  investment   
  value,  investment  and unrealized  Total from  From  net realized        Net asset  Total return  Net assets,  of expenses  income (loss)   
  beginning  income  gain (loss)  investment  net investment  gain  From  Total  Redemption  value, end  at net asset  end of period  to average  to average  Portfolio 
Period ended­  of period­  (loss)a  on investments­  operations­  income­  on investments­  return of capital­  distributions  fees  of period­  value (%)b  (in thousands)  net assets (%)c  net assets (%)  turnover (%) 

Class Y­                               

February 28, 2017­  $13.27­  .12­  5.09­  5.21­  (.15)  —­  —­  (.15)  —­  $18.33­  39.30­  $211,823­  .93­d  .76­d  63­ 

February 29, 2016­  15.86­  .14­  (1.94)  (1.80)  (.16)  (.58)  (.05)  (.79)  —­  13.27­  (11.86)  146,979­  .90­  .94­  62­ 

February 28, 2015­  15.95­  .14­  .43­  .57­  (.16)  (.50)  —­  (.66)  —­  15.86­  3.68­  148,321­  .93­  .86­  54­ 

February 28, 2014­  12.44­  .08­  3.62­  3.70­  (.13)  (.06)  —­  (.19)  —­e  15.95­  29.82­  96,735­  .96­  .51­  68­ 

February 28, 2013­  10.88­  .10­  1.50­  1.60­  (.04)  —­  —­  (.04)  —­e  12.44­  14.70­  20,091­  1.03­  .94­  64­ 

 

* Not annualized.

For the period November 1, 2013 (commencement of operations) to February 28, 2014.

a Per share net investment income (loss) has been determined on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

b Total return assumes dividend reinvestment and does not reflect the effect of sales charges.

c Includes amounts paid through expense offset and brokerage/service arrangements, if any (Note 2). Also excludes acquired fund fees, if any.

d Reflects a voluntary waiver of certain fund expenses in effect during the period. As a result of such waiver, the expenses of each class reflect a reduction of less than 0.01% as a percentage of average net assets (Note 2).

e Amount represents less than $0.01 per share.

Notes to financial statements 2/28/17

Within the following Notes to financial statements, references to “State Street” represent State Street Bank and Trust Company, references to “the SEC” represent the Securities and Exchange Commission, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “OTC”, if any, represent over-the-counter. Unless otherwise noted, the “reporting period” represents the period from March 1, 2016 through February 28, 2017.

Putnam Small Cap Value Fund (the fund) is a diversified series of Putnam Investment Funds (the Trust), a Massachusetts business trust registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as an open-end management investment company. The goal of the fund is to seek capital appreciation. The fund invests mainly in common stocks of small U.S. companies, with a focus on value stocks. Value stocks are issued by companies that Putnam Management believes are currently undervalued by the market. If Putnam Management is correct and other investors ultimately recognize the value of the company, the price of its stock may rise. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in companies of a size similar to those in the Russell 2000 Value Index. This policy may be changed only after 60 days’ notice to shareholders. As of April 30, 2016, the index was composed of companies with a value orientation having market capitalizations of between approximately $9.51 million and approximately $5.26 billion. Putnam Management may consider, among other factors, a company’s valuation, financial strength, growth potential, competitive position in its industry, projected future earnings, cash flows and dividends when deciding whether to buy or sell investments.

The fund offers class A, class B, class C, class M, class R, class R5, class R6 and class Y shares. The fund registered class T shares in February 2017, however, as of the date of this report, class T shares had not commenced operations and are not available for purchase. Effective April 1, 2017, purchases of class B shares will be closed to new and existing investors except by exchange from class B shares of another Putnam fund or through dividend and/or capital gains reinvestment. Class A and class M shares are sold with a maximum front-end sales charge of 5.75% and 3.50%, respectively. Class A shares generally are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge, and class M, class R, class R5, class R6 and class Y shares are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. Class B shares, which convert to class A shares after approximately six years, are not subject to a front-end sales charge and are subject to a contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within six years of purchase. Class C shares are subject to a one-year 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge and do not convert to class A shares. Class R shares, which are not available to all investors, are sold at net asset value. The expenses for class A, class B, class C, class M and class R shares may differ based on the distribution fee of each class, which is identified in Note 2. Class R5, class R6 and class Y shares, which are sold at net asset value, are generally subject to the same expenses as class A, class B, class C, class M and class R shares, but do not bear a distribution fee and in the case of class R5 and class R6 shares, bear a lower investor servicing fee, which is identified in Note 2. Class R5, class R6 and class Y shares are not available to all investors.

In the normal course of business, the fund enters into contracts that may include agreements to indemnify another party under given circumstances. The fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may be, but have not yet been, made against the fund. However, the fund’s management team expects the risk of material loss to be remote.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

32  Small Cap Value Fund  Small Cap Value Fund  33 

 



The fund has entered into contractual arrangements with an investment adviser, administrator, distributor, shareholder servicing agent and custodian, who each provide services to the fund. Unless expressly stated otherwise, shareholders are not parties to, or intended beneficiaries of these contractual arrangements, and these contractual arrangements are not intended to create any shareholder right to enforce them against the service providers or to seek any remedy under them against the service providers, either directly or on behalf of the fund.

Under the fund’s Declaration of Trust, any claims asserted against or on behalf of the Putnam Funds, including claims against Trustees and Officers, must be brought in state and federal courts located within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Note 1: Significant accounting policies

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies consistently followed by the fund in the preparation of its financial statements. The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Subsequent events after the Statement of assets and liabilities date through the date that the financial statements were issued have been evaluated in the preparation of the financial statements.

Investment income, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses of the fund are borne pro-rata based on the relative net assets of each class to the total net assets of the fund, except that each class bears expenses unique to that class (including the distribution fees applicable to such classes). Each class votes as a class only with respect to its own distribution plan or other matters on which a class vote is required by law or determined by the Trustees. If the fund were liquidated, shares of each class would receive their pro-rata share of the net assets of the fund. In addition, the Trustees declare separate dividends on each class of shares.

Security valuation Portfolio securities and other investments are valued using policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. The Trustees have formed a Pricing Committee to oversee the implementation of these procedures and have delegated responsibility for valuing the fund’s assets in accordance with these procedures to Putnam Management. Putnam Management has established an internal Valuation Committee that is responsible for making fair value determinations, evaluating the effectiveness of the pricing policies of the fund and reporting to the Pricing Committee.

Investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last reported sales price on their principal exchange, or official closing price for certain markets, and are classified as Level 1 securities under Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820). If no sales are reported, as in the case of some securities that are traded OTC, a security is valued at its last reported bid price and is generally categorized as a Level 2 security.

Investments in open-end investment companies (excluding exchange-traded funds), if any, which can be classified as Level 1 or Level 2 securities, are valued based on their net asset value. The net asset value of such investment companies equals the total value of their assets less their liabilities and divided by the number of their outstanding shares.

Many securities markets and exchanges outside the U.S. close prior to the scheduled close of the New York Stock Exchange and therefore the closing prices for securities in such markets or on such exchanges may not fully reflect events that occur after such close but before the scheduled close of the New York Stock Exchange. Accordingly, on certain days, the fund will fair value certain foreign equity securities taking into account multiple factors including movements in the U.S. securities markets, currency valuations and comparisons to the valuation of American Depository Receipts, exchange-traded funds and futures contracts. The foreign equity securities, which would generally be classified as Level 1 securities, will be transferred to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy when they are valued at fair value. The number of days on which fair value prices will be used will depend on market activity and it is possible that fair value prices will be used by the fund to a significant extent. Securities quoted in foreign currencies, if any, are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate. Short-term securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less are valued using an independent pricing service approved by the Trustees, and are classified as Level 2 securities.

To the extent a pricing service or dealer is unable to value a security or provides a valuation that Putnam Management does not believe accurately reflects the security’s fair value, the security will be valued at fair value by Putnam Management in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Trustees. Certain investments, including certain restricted and illiquid securities and derivatives, are also valued at fair value following procedures approved by the Trustees. These valuations consider such factors as significant market or specific

34  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



security events such as interest rate or credit quality changes, various relationships with other securities, discount rates, U.S. Treasury, U.S. swap and credit yields, index levels, convexity exposures, recovery rates, sales and other multiples and resale restrictions. These securities are classified as Level 2 or as Level 3 depending on the priority of the significant inputs.

To assess the continuing appropriateness of fair valuations, the Valuation Committee reviews and affirms the reasonableness of such valuations on a regular basis after considering all relevant information that is reasonably available. Such valuations and procedures are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The fair value of securities is generally determined as the amount that the fund could reasonably expect to realize from an orderly disposition of such securities over a reasonable period of time. By its nature, a fair value price is a good faith estimate of the value of a security in a current sale and does not reflect an actual market price, which may be different by a material amount.

Security transactions and related investment income Security transactions are recorded on the trade date (the date the order to buy or sell is executed). Gains or losses on securities sold are determined on the identified cost basis.

Interest income, net of any applicable withholding taxes, is recorded on the accrual basis. Dividend income, net of any applicable withholding taxes, is recognized on the ex-dividend date except that certain dividends from foreign securities, if any, are recognized as soon as the fund is informed of the ex-dividend date. Non-cash dividends, if any, are recorded at the fair value of the securities received. Dividends representing a return of capital or capital gains, if any, are reflected as a reduction of cost and/or as a realized gain.

Securities lending The fund may lend securities, through its agent, to qualified borrowers in order to earn additional income. The loans are collateralized by cash in an amount at least equal to the fair value of the securities loaned. The fair value of securities loaned is determined daily and any additional required collateral is allocated to the fund on the next business day. The remaining maturities of the securities lending transactions are considered overnight and continuous. The risk of borrower default will be borne by the fund’s agent; the fund will bear the risk of loss with respect to the investment of the cash collateral. Income from securities lending, net of expenses, is included in investment income on the Statement of operations. Cash collateral is invested in Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC, a limited liability company managed by an affiliate of Putnam Management. Investments in Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC are valued at its closing net asset value each business day. There are no management fees charged to Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC. At the close of the reporting period, the fund received cash collateral of $33,533,970 and the value of securities loaned amounted to $32,180,599.

Interfund lending The fund, along with other Putnam funds, may participate in an interfund lending program pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC. This program allows the fund to borrow from or lend to other Putnam funds that permit such transactions. Interfund lending transactions are subject to each fund’s investment policies and borrowing and lending limits. Interest earned or paid on the interfund lending transaction will be based on the average of certain current market rates. During the reporting period, the fund did not utilize the program.

Lines of credit The fund participates, along with other Putnam funds, in a $317.5 million unsecured committed line of credit and a $235.5 million unsecured uncommitted line of credit, both provided by State Street. Borrowings may be made for temporary or emergency purposes, including the funding of shareholder redemption requests and trade settlements. Interest is charged to the fund based on the fund’s borrowing at a rate equal to the higher of (1) the Federal Funds rate and (2) the overnight LIBOR plus 1.25% for the committed line of credit and the Federal Funds rate plus 1.30% for the uncommitted line of credit. A closing fee equal to 0.04% of the committed line of credit plus a $25,000 flat fee and 0.04% of the uncommitted line of credit has been paid by the participating funds. In addition, a commitment fee of 0.21% per annum on any unutilized portion of the committed line of credit is allocated to the participating funds based on their relative net assets and paid quarterly. During the reporting period, the fund had no borrowings against these arrangements.

Federal taxes It is the policy of the fund to distribute all of its taxable income within the prescribed time period and otherwise comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), applicable to regulated investment companies. It is also the intention of the fund to distribute an amount sufficient to avoid imposition of any excise tax under Section 4982 of the Code.

The fund is subject to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification 740 Income Taxes (ASC 740). ASC 740 sets forth a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The fund did not have a liability to record for any unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying financial statements. No provision has been made for federal taxes on income, capital gains

Small Cap Value Fund  35 

 



or unrealized appreciation on securities held nor for excise tax on income and capital gains. Each of the fund’s federal tax returns for the prior three fiscal years remains subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Distributions to shareholders Distributions to shareholders from net investment income are recorded by the fund on the ex-dividend date. Distributions from capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date and paid at least annually. The amount and character of income and gains to be distributed are determined in accordance with income tax regulations, which may differ from generally accepted accounting principles. These differences include temporary and/or permanent differences from losses on wash sale transactions, from nontaxable dividends and from a redesignation of taxable distributions. Reclassifications are made to the fund’s capital accounts to reflect income and gains available for distribution (or available capital loss carryovers) under income tax regulations. At the close of the reporting period, the fund reclassified $951,600 to decrease distributions in excess of net investment income and $951,600 to decrease accumulated net realized gain.

The tax basis components of distributable earnings and the federal tax cost as of the close of the reporting period were as follows:

Unrealized appreciation  $108,231,801 

Unrealized depreciation  (11,518,936) 

Net unrealized appreciation  96,712,865 

Undistributed short-term gain  2,833,508 

Undistributed long-term gain  10,487,247 

Cost for federal income tax purposes  $424,201,564 

 

Expenses of the Trust Expenses directly charged or attributable to any fund will be paid from the assets of that fund. Generally, expenses of the Trust will be allocated among and charged to the assets of each fund on a basis that the Trustees deem fair and equitable, which may be based on the relative assets of each fund or the nature of the services performed and relative applicability to each fund.

Note 2: Management fee, administrative services and other transactions

The fund pays Putnam Management a management fee (based on the fund’s average net assets and computed and paid monthly) at annual rates that may vary based on the average of the aggregate net assets of all open-end mutual funds sponsored by Putnam Management (excluding net assets of funds that are invested in, or that are invested in by, other Putnam funds to the extent necessary to avoid “double counting” of those assets). Such annual rates may vary as follows:

0.780%  of the first $5 billion,  0.580%  of the next $50 billion, 


0.730%  of the next $5 billion,  0.560%  of the next $50 billion, 


0.680%  of the next $10 billion,  0.550%  of the next $100 billion and 


0.630%  of the next $10 billion,  0.545%  of any excess thereafter. 

 

For the reporting period, the management fee represented an effective rate (excluding the impact from any expense waivers in effect) of 0.627% of the fund’s average net assets.

Putnam Management has contractually agreed, through June 30, 2017, to waive fees or reimburse the fund’s expenses to the extent necessary to limit the cumulative expenses of the fund, exclusive of brokerage, interest, taxes, investment-related expenses, extraordinary expenses, acquired fund fees and expenses and payments under the fund’s investor servicing contract, investment management contract and distribution plans, on a fiscal year-to-date basis to an annual rate of 0.20% of the fund’s average net assets over such fiscal year-to-date period. During the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were not reduced as a result of this limit.

Putnam Management may from time to time voluntarily undertake to waive fees and/or reimburse certain fund expenses. Any such waiver or reimbursement would be voluntary and may be modified or discontinued by Putnam Management at any time without notice. For the reporting period, Putnam Management voluntarily waived $3,991.

Putnam Investments Limited (PIL), an affiliate of Putnam Management, is authorized by the Trustees to manage a separate portion of the assets of the fund as determined by Putnam Management from time to time. PIL did not manage any portion of the assets of the fund during the reporting period. If Putnam Management were to engage

36  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



the services of PIL, Putnam Management would pay a quarterly sub-management fee to PIL for its services at an annual rate of 0.35% of the average net assets of the portion of the fund managed by PIL.

The fund reimburses Putnam Management an allocated amount for the compensation and related expenses of certain officers of the fund and their staff who provide administrative services to the fund. The aggregate amount of all such reimbursements is determined annually by the Trustees.

Custodial functions for the fund’s assets are provided by State Street. Custody fees are based on the fund’s asset level, the number of its security holdings and transaction volumes.

Putnam Investor Services, Inc., an affiliate of Putnam Management, provides investor servicing agent functions to the fund. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing for class A, class B, class C, class M, class R, and class Y shares that included (1) a per account fee for each direct and underlying non-defined contribution account (“retail account”) of the fund; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Putnam Investor Services, Inc. has agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts for these share classes will not exceed an annual rate of 0.25% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts.

Class R5 shares paid a monthly fee based on the average net assets of class R5 shares at an annual rate of 0.15%.

Class R6 shares paid a monthly fee based on the average net assets of class R6 shares at an annual rate of 0.05%.

Prior to September 1, 2016, Putnam Investor Services, Inc. received fees for investor servicing for class A, class B, class C, class M, class R, and class Y shares that included (1) a per account fee for each retail account of the fund and each of the other funds in its specified category, which was totaled and then allocated to each fund in the category based on its average daily net assets; (2) a specified rate of the fund’s assets attributable to defined contribution plan accounts; and (3) a specified rate based on the average net assets in retail accounts. Prior to September 1, 2016, Putnam Investor Services, Inc. had agreed that the aggregate investor servicing fees for each fund’s retail and defined contribution accounts for these share classes would not exceed an annual rate of 0.320% of the fund’s average assets attributable to such accounts.

During the reporting period, the expenses for each class of shares related to investor servicing fees were as follows:

Class A  $352,291  Class R5  563 


Class B  5,892  Class R6  19,169 


Class C  39,434  Class Y  372,175 


Class M  2,728  Total  $794,284 

Class R  2,032     

 

The fund has entered into expense offset arrangements with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. and State Street whereby Putnam Investor Services, Inc.’s and State Street’s fees are reduced by credits allowed on cash balances. The fund also reduced expenses through brokerage/service arrangements. For the reporting period, the fund’s expenses were reduced by $575 under the expense offset arrangements and by $22,672 under the brokerage/service arrangements.

Each Independent Trustee of the fund receives an annual Trustee fee, of which $363, as a quarterly retainer, has been allocated to the fund, and an additional fee for each Trustees meeting attended. Trustees also are reimbursed for expenses they incur relating to their services as Trustees.

The fund has adopted a Trustee Fee Deferral Plan (the Deferral Plan) which allows the Trustees to defer the receipt of all or a portion of Trustees fees payable on or after July 1, 1995. The deferred fees remain invested in certain Putnam funds until distribution in accordance with the Deferral Plan.

The fund has adopted an unfunded noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan) covering all Trustees of the fund who have served as a Trustee for at least five years and were first elected prior to 2004. Benefits under the Pension Plan are equal to 50% of the Trustee’s average annual attendance and retainer fees for the three years ended December 31, 2005. The retirement benefit is payable during a Trustee’s lifetime, beginning the year following retirement, for the number of years of service through December 31, 2006. Pension expense for the fund is included in Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of operations. Accrued pension

Small Cap Value Fund  37 

 



liability is included in Payable for Trustee compensation and expenses in the Statement of assets and liabilities.

The Trustees have terminated the Pension Plan with respect to any Trustee first elected after 2003.

The fund has adopted distribution plans (the “Plans”) with respect to the following class shares pursuant to Rule 12b–1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The purpose of the Plans is to compensate Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC, for services provided and expenses incurred in distributing shares of the fund. The Plans provide payments by the fund to Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership at an annual rate of up to the following amounts (“Maximum %”) of the average net assets attributable to each class. The Trustees have approved payment by the fund at the following annual rate (“Approved %”) of the average net assets attributable to each class. During the reporting period, the class-specific expenses related to distribution fees were as follows:

  Maximum %  Approved %  Amount 

Class A  0.35%  0.25%  $406,644 

Class B  1.00%  1.00%  27,169 

Class C  1.00%  1.00%  181,823 

Class M  1.00%  0.75%  9,440 

Class R  1.00%  0.50%  4,694 

Total      $629,770 

 

For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received net commissions of $25,817 and $3,002 from the sale of class A and class M shares, respectively, and received $2,796 and $115 in contingent deferred sales charges from redemptions of class B and class C shares, respectively.

A deferred sales charge of up to 1.00% is assessed on certain redemptions of class A shares. For the reporting period, Putnam Retail Management Limited Partnership, acting as underwriter, received $129 on class A redemptions.

Note 3: Purchases and sales of securities

During the reporting period, the cost of purchases and the proceeds from sales, excluding short-term investments, were as follows:

  Cost of purchases  Proceeds from sales 

Investments in securities (Long-term)  $259,858,933  $229,772,661 

U.S. government securities (Long-term)     

Total  $259,858,933  $229,772,661 

 

The fund may purchase or sell investments from or to other Putnam funds in the ordinary course of business, which can reduce the fund’s transaction costs, at prices determined in accordance with SEC requirements and policies approved by the Trustees. During the reporting period, purchases or sales of long-term securities from or to other Putnam funds, if any, did not represent more than 5% of the fund’s total cost of purchases and/or total proceeds from sales.

Note 4: Capital shares

At the close of the reporting period, there were an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest authorized. Transactions in capital shares were as follows:

  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class A  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  2,112,043  $34,192,258  1,636,137  $24,001,597 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  65,716  1,141,486  543,652  7,752,471 

  2,177,759  35,333,744  2,179,789  31,754,068 

Shares repurchased  (2,688,551)  (41,789,392)  (2,285,492)  (33,392,653) 

Net decrease  (510,792)  $(6,455,648)  (105,703)  $(1,638,585) 

 

38  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class B  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  77,924  $1,088,340  36,178  $462,686 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  487  7,159  11,710  141,693 

  78,411  1,095,499  47,888  604,379 

Shares repurchased  (70,005)  (915,306)  (86,328)  (1,088,382) 

Net increase (decrease)  8,406  $180,193  (38,440)  $(484,003) 
 
  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class C  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  384,215  $5,182,322  277,732  $3,498,217 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  3,558  52,084  75,248  907,495 

  387,773  5,234,406  352,980  4,405,712 

Shares repurchased  (342,634)  (4,451,444)  (271,061)  (3,283,791) 

Net increase  45,139  $782,962  81,919  $1,121,921 
 
  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class M  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  9,073  $138,727  5,130  $65,990 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  293  4,637  4,448  57,953 

  9,366  143,364  9,578  123,943 

Shares repurchased  (11,147)  (158,705)  (24,253)  (342,951) 

Net decrease  (1,781)  $(15,341)  (14,675)  $(219,008) 
 
  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class R  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  23,247  $350,078  71,693  $1,050,761 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  307  5,257  2,856  40,098 

  23,554  355,335  74,549  1,090,859 

Shares repurchased  (26,257)  (406,765)  (66,772)  (976,616) 

Net increase (decrease)  (2,703)  $(51,430)  7,777  $114,243 
 
  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class R5  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  26,560  $377,441  344  $5,295 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  243  4,383  50  744 

  26,803  381,824  394  6,039 

Shares repurchased  (2,330)  (39,210)  (110)  (1,753) 

Net increase  24,473  $342,614  284  $4,286 

 

Small Cap Value Fund  39 

 



  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class R6  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  1,946,487  $31,105,849  857,565  $11,644,876 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  28,198  508,691  49,737  735,613 

  1,974,685  31,614,540  907,302  12,380,489 

Shares repurchased  (565,746)  (9,335,921)  (90,752)  (1,344,751) 

Net increase  1,408,939  $22,278,619  816,550  $11,035,738 
 
  YEAR ENDED 2/28/17  YEAR ENDED 2/29/16 
Class Y  Shares  Amount  Shares  Amount 

Shares sold  4,688,181  $77,216,313  5,046,266  $75,681,191 

Shares issued in connection with         
reinvestment of distributions  89,697  1,613,646  557,077  8,222,461 

  4,777,878  78,829,959  5,603,343  83,903,652 

Shares repurchased  (4,295,397)  (68,101,235)  (3,880,774)  (57,127,998) 

Net increase  482,481  $10,728,724  1,722,569  $26,775,654 

 

Note 5: Affiliated transactions

Transactions during the reporting period with any company which is under common ownership or control were as follows:

  Fair value at         
  the beginning        Fair value at 
  of the        the end of the 
  reporting      Investment  reporting 
Name of affiliate  period  Purchase cost  Sale proceeds  income  period 

Putnam Cash Collateral           
Pool, LLC*  $30,348,693  $161,315,506  $158,130,229  $179,981  $33,533,970 

Putnam Short Term           
Investment Fund**  39,503,378  134,906,151  143,936,849  159,907  30,472,680 

Totals  $69,852,071  $296,221,657  $302,067,078  $339,888  $64,006,650 

 

* No management fees are charged to Putnam Cash Collateral Pool, LLC.

** Management fees charged to Putnam Short Term Investment Fund have been waived by Putnam Management.

Note 6: Market, credit and other risks

In the normal course of business, the fund trades financial instruments and enters into financial transactions where risk of potential loss exists due to changes in the market (market risk) or failure of the contracting party to the transaction to perform (credit risk). The fund may be exposed to additional credit risk that an institution or other entity with which the fund has unsettled or open transactions will default. Investments in foreign securities involve certain risks, including those related to economic instability, unfavorable political developments, and currency fluctuations.

Note 7: New pronouncements

In October 2016, the SEC adopted amendments to rules under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“final rules”) intended to modernize the reporting and disclosure of information by registered investment companies. The final rules amend Regulation S-X and require funds to provide standardized, enhanced derivative disclosure in fund financial statements in a format designed for individual investors. The amendments to Regulation S-X also update the disclosures for other investments and investments in and advances to affiliates and amend the rules regarding the general form and content of fund financial statements. The compliance date for the amendments to Regulation S-X is August 1, 2017. Putnam Management is currently evaluating the amendments and their impact, if any, on the fund’s financial statements.

40  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Federal tax information (Unaudited)

Pursuant to §852 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, the fund hereby designates $11,535,972 as a capital gain dividend with respect to the taxable year ended February 28, 2017, or, if subsequently determined to be different, the net capital gain of such year.

The fund designated 57.88% of ordinary income distributions as qualifying for the dividends received deduction for corporations.

For the reporting period, the fund hereby designates 69.95%, or the maximum amount allowable, of its taxable ordinary income distributions as qualified dividends taxed at the individual net capital gain rates.

For the reporting period, pursuant to §871(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, the fund hereby designates $41,898 of distributions paid as qualifying to be taxed as interest-related dividends, and no monies to be taxed as short-term capital gain dividends for nonresident alien shareholders.

The Form 1099 that will be mailed to you in January 2018 will show the tax status of all distributions paid to your account in calendar 2017.

Small Cap Value Fund  41 

 




42  Small Cap Value Fund 

 




Small Cap Value Fund  43 

 




* Mr. Reynolds is an “interested person” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) of the fund and Putnam Investments. He is President and Chief Executive Officer of Putnam Investments, as well as the President of your fund and each of the other Putnam funds.

The address of each Trustee is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

As of February 28, 2017, there were 112 Putnam funds. All Trustees serve as Trustees of all Putnam funds.

Each Trustee serves for an indefinite term, until his or her resignation, retirement at age 75, removal, or death.

Officers

In addition to Robert L. Reynolds, the other officers of the fund are shown below:

Jonathan S. Horwitz (Born 1955)  Janet C. Smith (Born 1965) 
Executive Vice President, Principal Executive Officer,  Vice President, Principal Financial Officer, Principal 
and Compliance Liaison  Accounting Officer, and Assistant Treasurer 
Since 2004  Since 2007 
  Director of Fund Administration Services, 
Robert T. Burns (Born 1961)  Putnam Investments and Putnam Management 
Vice President and Chief Legal Officer   
Since 2011  Susan G. Malloy (Born 1957) 
General Counsel, Putnam Investments,  Vice President and Assistant Treasurer 
Putnam Management, and Putnam Retail Management  Since 2007 
  Director of Accounting & Control Services, 
James F. Clark (Born 1974)  Putnam Investments and Putnam Management 
Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer   
Since 2016  Mark C. Trenchard (Born 1962) 
Chief Compliance Officer, Putnam Investments  Vice President and BSA Compliance Officer 
and Putnam Management  Since 2002 
  Director of Operational Compliance, Putnam 
Michael J. Higgins (Born 1976)  Investments and Putnam Retail Management 
Vice President, Treasurer, and Clerk   
Since 2010  Nancy E. Florek (Born 1957) 
  Vice President, Director of Proxy Voting and Corporate 
  Governance, Assistant Clerk, and Associate Treasurer 
  Since 2000 

 

The principal occupations of the officers for the past five years have been with the employers as shown above, although in some cases they have held different positions with such employers. The address of each officer is One Post Office Square, Boston, MA 02109.

 

44  Small Cap Value Fund 

 



Fund information

Founded over 75 years ago, Putnam Investments was built around the concept that a balance between risk and reward is the hallmark of a well-rounded financial program. We manage over 100 funds across income, value, blend, growth, asset allocation, absolute return, and global sector categories.

Investment Manager  Trustees  James F. Clark 
Putnam Investment  Jameson A. Baxter, Chair  Vice President and 
Management, LLC  Kenneth R. Leibler, Vice Chair  Chief Compliance Officer 
One Post Office Square  Liaquat Ahamed   
Boston, MA 02109  Ravi Akhoury  Michael J. Higgins 
  Barbara M. Baumann  Vice President, Treasurer, 
Investment Sub-Advisor  Robert J. Darretta  and Clerk 
Putnam Investments Limited  Katinka Domotorffy 
57–59 St James’s Street  Catharine Bond Hill  Janet C. Smith 
London, England SW1A 1LD  John A. Hill  Vice President, 
Paul L. Joskow  Principal Financial Officer, 
Marketing Services  Robert E. Patterson  Principal Accounting Officer, 
Putnam Retail Management  George Putnam, III  and Assistant Treasurer 
One Post Office Square  Robert L. Reynolds   
Boston, MA 02109  Manoj P. Singh  Susan G. Malloy 
  W. Thomas Stephens  Vice President and 
Custodian  Assistant Treasurer 
State Street Bank  Officers   
and Trust Company  Robert L. Reynolds  Mark C. Trenchard 
  President  Vice President and 
Legal Counsel  BSA Compliance Officer 
Ropes & Gray LLP  Jonathan S. Horwitz   
Executive Vice President,  Nancy E. Florek 
Independent Registered  Principal Executive Officer,  Vice President, Director of 
Public Accounting Firm  and Compliance Liaison  Proxy Voting and Corporate 
KPMG LLP  Governance, Assistant Clerk, 
  Robert T. Burns  and Associate Treasurer 
  Vice President and   
  Chief Legal Officer   

 

This report is for the information of shareholders of Putnam Small Cap Value Fund. It may also be used as sales literature when preceded or accompanied by the current prospectus, the most recent copy of Putnam’s Quarterly Performance Summary, and Putnam’s Quarterly Ranking Summary. For more recent performance, please visit putnam.com. Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of a fund, which are described in its prospectus. For this and other information or to request a prospectus or summary prospectus, call 1-800-225-1581 toll free. Please read the prospectus carefully before investing. The fund’s Statement of Additional Information contains additional information about the fund’s Trustees and is available without charge upon request by calling 1-800-225-1581.




Item 2. Code of Ethics:
(a) The fund's principal executive, financial and accounting officers are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the Fund's investment manager. As such they are subject to a comprehensive Code of Ethics adopted and administered by Putnam Investments which is designed to protect the interests of the firm and its clients. The Fund has adopted a Code of Ethics which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments with respect to all of its officers and Trustees who are employees of Putnam Investment Management, LLC. For this reason, the Fund has not adopted a separate code of ethics governing its principal executive, financial and accounting officers.

Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:
The Funds' Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee is comprised solely of Trustees who are “independent” (as such term has been defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in regulations implementing Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the “Regulations”)). The Trustees believe that each of the members of the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee also possess a combination of knowledge and experience with respect to financial accounting matters, as well as other attributes, that qualify them for service on the Committee. In addition, the Trustees have determined that each of Mr. Darretta, Mr. Patterson, Mr. Hill, and Ms. Baumann qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term has been defined by the Regulations) based on their review of his or her pertinent experience and education. The SEC has stated, and the funds' amended and restated agreement and Declaration of Trust provides, that the designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert pursuant to this Item 3 of Form N-CSR does not impose on such person any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations and liability imposed on such person as a member of the Audit, Compliance and Distribution Committee and the Board of Trustees in the absence of such designation or identification.

Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:
The following table presents fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for services rendered to the fund by the fund's independent auditor:


Fiscal year ended Audit Fees Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees

February 28, 2017 $40,862 $ — $4,550 $ —
February 29, 2016 $39,475 $ — $4,400 $ —

For the fiscal years ended February 28, 2017 and February 29, 2016, the fund's independent auditor billed aggregate non-audit fees in the amounts of $4,550 and $4,400 respectively, to the fund, Putnam Management and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with Putnam Management that provides ongoing services to the fund.

Audit Fees represent fees billed for the fund's last two fiscal years relating to the audit and review of the financial statements included in annual reports and registration statements, and other services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees represent fees billed in the fund's last two fiscal years for services traditionally performed by the fund's auditor, including accounting consultation for proposed transactions or concerning financial accounting and reporting standards and other audit or attest services not required by statute or regulation.

Tax Fees represent fees billed in the fund's last two fiscal years for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice services. Tax planning and tax advice services include assistance with tax audits, employee benefit plans and requests for rulings or technical advice from taxing authorities.

Pre-Approval Policies of the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee. The Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee of the Putnam funds has determined that, as a matter of policy, all work performed for the funds by the funds' independent auditors will be pre-approved by the Committee itself and thus will generally not be subject to pre-approval procedures.

The Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee also has adopted a policy to pre-approve the engagement by Putnam Management and certain of its affiliates of the funds' independent auditors, even in circumstances where pre-approval is not required by applicable law. Any such requests by Putnam Management or certain of its affiliates are typically submitted in writing to the Committee and explain, among other things, the nature of the proposed engagement, the estimated fees, and why this work should be performed by that particular audit firm as opposed to another one. In reviewing such requests, the Committee considers, among other things, whether the provision of such services by the audit firm are compatible with the independence of the audit firm.

The following table presents fees billed by the fund's independent auditor for services required to be approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.


Fiscal year ended Audit-Related Fees Tax Fees All Other Fees Total Non-Audit Fees

February 28, 2017 $ — $ — $ — $ —
February 29, 2016 $ — $ — $ — $ —

Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants
Not applicable
Item 6. Schedule of Investments:
The registrant's schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.

Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:

Not applicable
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Investment Companies
Not Applicable
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:

Not applicable
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:
Not applicable
Item 11. Controls and Procedures:
(a) The registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable
Item 12. Exhibits:
(a)(1) The Code of Ethics of The Putnam Funds, which incorporates the Code of Ethics of Putnam Investments, is filed herewith.

(a)(2) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Putnam Investment Funds
By (Signature and Title):
/s/ Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Accounting Officer

Date: April 27, 2017
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

By (Signature and Title):
/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer

Date: April 27, 2017
By (Signature and Title):
/s/ Janet C. Smith
Janet C. Smith
Principal Financial Officer

Date: April 27, 2017


Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:


a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;


b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and


d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant's auditors and the audit committee of each registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and


b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 26, 2017

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
_______________________
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer














Certifications

I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:

1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:

2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:


a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;


b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and


d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant's auditors and the audit committee of each registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):


a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant's ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and


b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 26, 2017

/s/ Janet C. Smith
_______________________
Janet C. Smith
Principal Financial Officer















Attachment A

Period (s) ended February 28, 2017
               Putnam Global Health Care Fund
               Putnam High Yield Trust
               Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund
               Putnam High Income Securities Fund
               Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund
               Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund
               Putnam Small Cap Value Fund
               Putnam Global Consumer Fund
               Putnam Global Energy Fund
               Putnam Global Financials Fund
               Putnam Global Industrials Fund
               Putnam Global Technology Fund
               Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund
               Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund
               Putnam Global Utilities Fund


Section 906 Certifications

I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended February 28, 2017 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended February 28, 2017 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: April 26, 2017

/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
______________________
Jonathan S. Horwitz
Principal Executive Officer














Section 906 Certifications

I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:

1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended February 28, 2017 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended February 28, 2017 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.

Date: April 26, 2017

/s/ Janet C. Smith
______________________
Janet C. Smith
Principal Financial Officer















Attachment A

N-CSR

Period (s) ended February 28, 2017
               Putnam Global Health Care Fund
               Putnam High Yield Trust
               Putnam International Capital Opportunities Fund
               Putnam High Income Securities Fund
               Putnam Global Natural Resources Fund
               Putnam Floating Rate Income Fund
               Putnam Small Cap Value Fund
               Putnam Global Consumer Fund
               Putnam Global Energy Fund
               Putnam Global Financials Fund
               Putnam Global Industrials Fund
               Putnam Global Technology Fund
               Putnam Global Telecommunications Fund
               Putnam Emerging Markets Equity Fund
               Putnam Global Utilities Fund

working@PUTNAM  [GRAPHIC OMITTED: PUTNAM INVESTMENTS LOGO] 

 

Putnam's
Code of Ethics

July 2016



Putnam Investments Code of Ethics

Putnam Investments is required by law to adopt a Code of Ethics (the “Code”). The objective of the Code is that Putnam’s employees comply with all applicable laws and avoid any actual, apparent, or potential conflict of interest that could be perceived to interfere with the fiduciary duty Putnam owes to its clients or with Putnam’s interests. It is the duty of Putnam’s employees ethically to handle all actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest that may arise. This Code of Ethics is designed to strengthen the trust and confidence our clients place in us and to demonstrate that our clients’ interests come first.

Adherence to the Code is a fundamental condition of employment at Putnam. Every employee is expected to adhere to the requirements of the Code. Any employee failing to do so may be subject to disciplinary action, including financial penalties and termination of employment, as determined by the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee.

1 

 



Table of Contents

Definitions  4 
Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees  6 
1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements  6 
1.2. Restricted List  7 
1.3. Prohibited Transactions  8 
1.4. Policy Regarding Frequency of Personal Trading  8 
Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds  9 
2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam  9 
2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Linked Accounts  9 
2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules  9 
Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals  10 
3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons  10 
3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  10 
3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  11 
3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers)  11 
3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)  12 
Section 4 — Reporting Requirements  13 
4.1. Brokerage/SecuritiesAccounts—Initial and Annual Requirements  13 
4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed(Discretionary)   
Accounts—Initial and Annual Requirements  13 
4.3. Account ConfirmationsandStatements  14 
4.4. Approved Brokers — U.S. Employees Only  14 
Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements  15 
5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only  15 
5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only  15 
5.3. Annual Certification — All Employees  16 
5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees  16 
5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics  16 
5.6. Procedures and Timeliness  16 
Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees  17 

 

2 

 



6.1. Conflicts of Interest  17 
6.2. Outside Business Activities  17 
6.3. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments  18 
6.4. Family Members’ Conflict Policy  18 
6.5. CFA institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct  19 
6.6. Business Ethics, Ombudsman, and Hotlines  19 
Section 7 — Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading  20 
7.1. Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading  20 
7.2. Reporting and Restrictions  20 
7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to Putnam Affiliates  20 
7.4. Putnam Equity Plan, TH Lee Funds, and Putnam Hedge Funds  21 
7.5. PIL Employees  21 
Section 8 — Sanctions  22 
8.1. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3  22 
8.2. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6  22 
8.3. Sanctions for Violations of Section 7  22 
Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions  23 
Appendix — CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct  24 

 

3 

 



Definitions

Access Person Putnam has identified certain employees as Access Persons due to their position or access to investment information. Access Persons are held to a higher standard under the Code than other employees. Please ask the Code of Ethics Officer if you have any question whether you are an Access Person. The following employees are Access Persons:

All employees of Putnam’s Investment Management Division

All employees of the Global Investment Strategies Group/Division

All employees of the International RFP Group

Employees of the Operations Division within the following specific groups and departments:

» Fund Administration Group

» Investment Services and Operations Group

» Accounting Services Group

» Custody Services Group

Any employee in the following groups or divisions who reports directly to a member of the Operating Committee:

» Mutual Fund Shareholder Services Group

» Accounting, Custody, and Control Group

» Communications and Public Relations Division

» Defined Contribution Investment Only Group

» Global Distribution Division (including Putnam Retail Management, Putnam Global Institutional Management, and Japan businesses)

All members of Putnam’s Operating Committee

All employees of Putnam Investments Limited (PIL) and all other Putnam employees based in Europe

All directors and officers of a registered investment advisor affiliate, e.g., Putnam Investment Management, LLC (PIM), or

The Putnam Advisory Company, LLC (PAC)

All employees who have access to My Putnam (unless access is limited to the Wall Street Journal, Factiva, or other systems that do not allow access to non-public information about Putnam products, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer) Employees who have systems access or other access to non-public information about any client’s purchase or sale of securities or to information regarding portfolio holdings or recommendations with respect to such purchases or sales

Others as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer, including certain employees in rotational programs

Business or financial relationship refers to any type of existing or prospective arrangement between Putnam, on the one hand, and another entity or person, on the other hand, in which Putnam provides or receives financial consideration, goods, services, or advice. It also includes any investment by Putnam for itself or its clients. This means that there is a business or financial relationship between Putnam and each portfolio company.

Closed-end fund means a fund that has a fixed number of shares outstanding and does not redeem its shares. Closed-end funds typically trade like stocks on an exchange.

4 

 



The Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer are responsible for enforcing and interpreting the Code. The following are the current members of the Code of Ethics staff, each of whom can answer employee questions and provide other assistance regarding the Code:

Code of Ethics Officer:  James Clark  (617) 760-8939 

Deputy Code of Ethics Officer:  Akiko Lindholm  (617) 760-2177 

Compliance Specialist:  Dana Scribner-Shea  (617) 760-7182 

Compliance Specialist:  Jennifer Waden  (617) 760-0554 

 

Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has oversight responsibility for administering the Code of Ethics. Members include the Code of Ethics Officer and other members of Putnam’s senior management appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Putnam. The Committee reviews and approves Code revisions, violations, and sanctions. In certain instances, requests for exemptions may require the approval of the Committee. The Committee meets on a quarterly basis or as otherwise necessary.

Exchange-traded fund (ETF) means a fund (other than a closed-end fund) that can be traded on an exchange throughout the day like a stock. ETFs often track an index. Examples include (but are not limited to) SPDRs, WEBs, QQQQs, iShares, and HLDRs.

Immediate Family means the Putnam employee’s spouse, domestic partner, fiancé(e), or other family members who are living in the same household. Immediate Family also includes any other family members, including in-laws, for whom the Putnam employee can exercise investment discretion, regardless of whether or not they live in the same household.

Private placement means any offering of a security not offered to the public and not requiring registration with the relevant securities authorities, including but not limited to, equity or debt issued by a privately held company, private funds, hedge funds, or other privately offered securities.

Putnam means any or all of Putnam Investments, LLC and its subsidiaries (other than PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. and any of its subsidiaries), any one of which shall be a Putnam company.

Putnam employee, or employee, means any employee of Putnam and, for purposes of all rules in Sections 1, 2, and 3, also includes the following:

• Members of the Immediate Family of a Putnam employee;

• Any trust in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a trustee with investment discretion;

• Any account for a partnership in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member is a general partner or a partner with investment discretion;

• Any closely held entity (such as a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member holds a controlling interest and with respect to which he or she has investment discretion;

• Any account (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar account) in which a Putnam employee or Immediate Family member has a substantial economic interest and over which the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member exercises investment discretion;

• Any account other than a Putnam client account that receives investment advice of any sort from the employee or Immediate Family member, or as to which the employee or Immediate Family member has investment discretion.

5 

 



Security The instruments required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1 are considered to be securities for purposes of this Code and are also required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4. In addition, transactions in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs), options, futures, and other derivative securities are required to be reported by Access Persons under Section 4, even for those instruments that are not required to be pre-cleared pursuant to Section 1.1(c).

Section 1 — Personal Securities Rules for All Employees

Putnam maintains the Code of Ethics PTA system to assist employees in fulfilling their obligations under the Code of Ethics. This system can be accessed by selecting the Code of Ethics PTA link, which appears on Putnam’s intranet page in the Secure Information section under My Essentials. This system allows the automated pre-clearance of publicly traded equities and other securities trading on major U.S. and other exchanges. To pre-clear an options contract for a publicly traded security, pre-clear the underlying security in the Code of Ethics PTA system. To request clearance to trade bonds or other securities, you must contact the Code of Ethics staff. Pre-clearance hours are 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

1.1. Pre-clearance Requirements

The pre-clearance requirements under this section apply to employees who are Access Persons.

1.1(a) Employees must pre-clear all trades in the following securities:

• Stocks of companies

• Bonds and other debt instruments, including new offerings (including preferred stock, corporate, municipal, high-yield, and convertible bonds)

• Options, warrants, and all other derivatives of any underlying securities that themselves require pre-clearance

• Closed-end funds, including Putnam closed-end funds

Employees must also pre-clear the following transactions:

• Private placements and purchases of hedge funds or other private investment funds, which must receive pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee (sales of private placements, hedge funds, or other private investment funds do not need to be pre-cleared; however, they must be reported)

• Donating or gifting of securities

• Shares purchased by subscription or by mail (if purchasing directly from a company’s transfer agent by check, you must pre-clear the day the check is to be mailed)

• Tendering securities from your personal account

• Loans, or guarantees of obligations, being made to non-family members with whom Putnam has a business or financial relationship

• Exercising rights to purchase shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises)

• Exercising options or warrants to acquire shares of a company’s stock (other than involuntary exercises as set forth under Section 1.1(c))

6 

 



1.1(b) Provisions Applicable to Pre-clearances

A pre-clearance is only valid for trading on the day it is obtained. However, trades by employees in Putnam’s Asian or European offices, or trades by any employees in securities listed on Asian or European stock exchanges, may be executed within one business day after pre-clearance is obtained. If the Code of Ethics system does not recognize a security, if an employee is unable to use the system, or if he or she has any questions with respect to the system or pre-clearance, the employee must contact the Code of Ethics staff.

1.1(c) Exceptions from Pre-clearance Requirements

Pre-clearance is not required for certain transactions. (Please note that reporting may still be required for Access Persons even when pre-clearance is not required. See Sections 4 and 5 for reporting requirements.) Pre-clearance is not required for:

• Open-end mutual funds

• Currencies

• Commodities

• Treasury securities and other U.S. and other sovereign government debt (Please note that agency securities, such as securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, require pre-clearance.)

• Certificates of deposit (CDs), commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers’ acceptances, and other money market instruments

• Options and futures and all other derivatives based on an index of securities

• Exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded notes (ETNs), and exchange-traded commodities (ETCs)

• Trades in approved discretionary accounts (see Section 4.2 for additional information)

• Transactions that are involuntary (i.e., not initiated by the employee or an Immediate Family member covered under the Code), including dividend reinvestments under an automatic program of a publicly traded issuer and broker actions not initiated by the employee, such as option assignments or sales out of the brokerage account to cover fees or margin calls (provided the employee may not have withdrawn funds from the margin account in the prior 10 days)

1.2. RestrictedList

The Restricted List rule under this section applies to employees who are Access Persons.

Employees may not trade in securities that are on Putnam’s Restricted List, except as set forth below under “Large-/ Mid-Cap Exemption.” There are a number of reasons why a security may appear on the Restricted List, and securities are placed on the Restricted List under criteria, and in specific circumstances, as determined by the Code of Ethics Officer or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee. If a security is not on the Restricted List, other classes of securities of the same issuer (e.g., preferred or convertible preferred stock) may be on the Restricted List. It is the employee’s responsibility to identify with particularity the class of securities being pre-cleared. Bonds are generally restricted at the issuer level.

Large-/Mid-Cap Exemption An employee may trade up to $25,000 in principal amount of the shares of a security appearing on the Restricted List if it is an equity security of an issuer with a market capitalization greater than $2 billion. However, these transactions must still be pre-cleared. Market capitalization is defined as outstanding shares multiplied by current price per share.

7 

 



1.3. Prohibited Transactions

The following transactions and activities are prohibited for all employees:

1. Good-until-canceled orders (GTC). Any order not executed on the day of pre-clearance must be resubmitted for pre-clearance before being executed on a subsequent day.

2. Short sales of any security that is subject to pre-clearance requirements. However, short sales against the box are permitted. In addition, opening an option position that would result in a short position in the underlying security upon assignment or expiration is also prohibited (i.e., buying a put option or selling a call option without owning a number of shares at least equal to the delivery obligation under the contract, is prohibited). Purchasing a put option or selling a call option would not be considered acceptable if the only position covering such option would be another option position, such as purchasing a call option or selling a put option, to avoid aviolation.

3. Purchasing equity securities in an initial public offering (IPO). Although exceptions from this prohibition will rarely be granted, employees may request an exemption from the Code of Ethics Officer, who may grant exceptions in unusual cases such as when an Immediate Family member’s association or employment with the issuer warrants consid- eration or when the employee has had a pre-existing status for at least two years as a policyholder or depositor in connection with a bank or insurance company conversion from mutual or cooperative form to stock form.

4. Trading with material non-public information (see Section7)

5. Personal trading with Putnam client portfolios. Putnam employees may not buy or sell securities when the employee knows a Putnam client account is on the other side of the trade.

6. Participating in an investment club

7. Spread betting. PIL employees may not enter into any spread betting contracts on financial instruments.

8. Opening a discretionary account (see Section 4.2) and trading securities requiring pre-clearance, without obtaining proper advance approval for that account as required

1.4. Policy Regarding Frequency of Personal Trading

Putnam employees are not limited to a pre-determined number of trades in securities during a specified time frame. However, excessive trading by an employee can divert the employee’s attention from his or her responsibilities as an employee and increases the possibility of engaging in transactions that are in actual or apparent conflict with Putnam’s client accounts. In addition, excessive short-term trading by an employee in shares of a Putnam-managed fund can also create actual or apparent conflicts with other shareholders of such fund and may have other detrimental effects as described in the prospectus or other disclosure document for such fund. Putnam reserves the right to monitor the number of trades (including for these purposes trades in securities that are required to be pre-cleared under Section 1.1(a), shares of Putnam-managed funds, and other securities that are required to be reported under Section 5.1 or 5.2, such as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities) executed by an employee and members of his or her Immediate Family and may review any such activity that appears to be excessive with the employee’s manager(s) and/or the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee, as deemed appropriate by the Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee shall have the authority to address any circumstances of excessive trading in securities or excessive short-term trading in shares of a Putnam-managed fund in accordance with Section 8 of this Code.

8 

 



Section 2 — Putnam Mutual Funds

2.1. Holding Putnam Mutual Fund Shares at Putnam

Putnam employees must hold shares of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds through accounts maintained at Putnam, with Putnam Retail Management (PRM) listed as the dealer of record. All transactions must be executed through Putnam and not through an outside broker or other intermediary.

These requirements also apply to:

• Self-directed IRA accounts holding Putnam fund shares;

• Variable annuities and variable insurance contracts, such as Putnam/Hartford Capital Manager and Allstate Advisor, which invest in Putnam Variable Trusts (must list PRM as dealer but may be held at the insurer).

In limited circumstances, retirement, pension, deferred compensation, health savings, and similar accounts (and variable insurance arrangements) that cannot be legally transferred to Putnam may be allowed to hold Putnam funds upon approval of the Code of Ethics Officer. For example, a spouse of a Putnam employee may have a 401(k)/Profit Sharing Plan with his or her employer that invests in Putnam funds. The employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing, provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to Putnam, and arrange for all account statements and confirmations to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff, if approved.

2.2. Putnam Mutual Funds — Linked Accounts

All employees are required to ensure that their Immediate Family members’ accounts holding Putnam mutual funds are linked to comply with the requirements stated above and to permit monitoring for excessive short-term trading in accordance with Section 1.4. To ensure these accounts are linked, log on to Putnam’s intranet home page at http://intranet/home/index.shtml, and select My Essentials/Linked mutual fund accounts.

2.3. Putnam Mutual Funds — Closed-End Fund Rules 2.3(a) Pre-clearance and Reporting

Putnam closed-end fund shares are subject to the same pre-clearance and reporting requirements as other stocks. A list of the Putnam closed-end funds can be obtained from the Code of Ethics staff.

2.3(b) Special Rules Applicable to Portfolio Managers to Putnam Closed-End Funds, Group Heads in the Investment Division, Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds

Portfolio Managers to Putnam closed-end funds, Group Heads in Putnam’s Investment Division, Putnam Operating Committee members, and officers of the Putnam Funds will not receive clearance to engage in any combination of purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the shares of a given closed-end fund within six months of each other. Therefore, purchases should be made only if you intend to hold the shares more than six months, and sales should not be made if you plan to purchase more shares of that fund within six months.

9 

 



Section 3 — Additional Rules for Access Persons and Certain Investment Professionals

3.1. 60-Day Short-Term Rule — All Access Persons

Access Persons may not sell a security at a price higher than any price paid for that security within the past 60 calendar days, or buy a security at a price below which he or she sold the same security within the past 60 days. This rule applies to transactions across all accounts of the employee. All trades for the previous 60 days in all accounts will be compared to the trade date for the transaction in question to determine whether a violation has occurred. Thus, if within a 60-day period, an employee buys a security for $10, buys it again for $15, and then sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price. To further illustrate the rule, if an employee buys a security for $15 on one day, buys it again for $10 a year later, and then less than 60 days after the second purchase sells shares of this security for $12, this will be considered a violation even though some shares of the security in question were bought for a higher price more than 60 days earlier. Access Persons may also not open an option transaction for a contract that expires in 60 days or less. The holding period for securities acquired upon exercise of a purchased call option shall be calculated using the date of acquisition of the option (rather than the date of exercise of the option) as the starting point for the 60-day holding period. Further, this rule also applies to common stock and option exercise transactions. For example, an employee may purchase calls/call spreads, and he or she may buy/sell a common stock of the same security (because transactions in options and common stock shares are treated differently); however, if the employee plans to exercise the option, he or she needs to ensure that it is not in the opposite direction of the common stock transaction (at a profit) that he or she traded within the past 60 days. Although portfolio managers and analysts may sell securities at a profit within 60 days of purchase in order to comply with the requirements of the 7-Day Pre-Trade and 7-Day Post-Trade Rules (see Sections 3.2 and 3.3), any profit must be disgorged and paid to charity.

3.2. 7-Day Pre-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts) 3.2(a) Portfolio Managers

(i) Before a portfolio manager places an order to buy a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon entering an order to sell a security for any Putnam client portfolio that he manages, he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the selling price for the client account, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if a portfolio manager (but not the Director of Global Equity Research, who is not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.2(b) Analysts

(i) Before an analyst makes an initial purchase or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must sell that security or related derivative security if he has purchased it in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days; or (ii) upon making an initial sell or an underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for a security (including designation of a security for sale from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund), he must disgorge to charity any losses avoided if he sold the security in his personal account within the preceding seven calendar days. Disgorgements will be measured by the difference between the selling price for the personal account and the price at the time that the recommendation is made, multiplied by the number of shares sold for the personal account.

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For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if an analyst (but not the Director of Global Equity Research, who is not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the analyst does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer, or their designee may override this rule.

3.3. 7-Day Post-Trade Rule (Portfolio Managers and Analysts) 3.3(a) Portfolio Managers

No portfolio manager shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent purchase of that security or related derivative security by any Putnam client portfolio she manages or co-manages; or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for her personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of the most recent sale of that security or related derivative security from any Putnam client portfolio that she manages or co-manages. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if a portfolio manager (but not the Director of Global Equity Research, who is not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.3(b) Analysts

No analyst shall: (i) sell any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial buy or outperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including designation of a security for inclusion in the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund); or (ii) purchase any security or related derivative security for his personal account until seven calendar days have elapsed after the date of his initial sell or underperform recommendation (including an initial recommendation change) for that security or related derivative security (including the removal of a security from the portfolio of Putnam Research Fund). For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, if an analyst (but not the Director of Global Equity Research, who is not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the analyst does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may override this rule.

3.4. Contra-Trading Rule (Portfolio Managers)

No portfolio manager shall, without prior clearance and written approval (which may be satisfied by email) from the Chief Investment Officer and Code of Ethics Officer, sell in his personal account any securities or related derivative securities that are held in any Putnam client portfolio that he manages or co-manages. Contact the Code of Ethics Officer for a copy of the Contra-Trading Rule Clearance Form. For certain designated sleeved funds or portfolios, the Code of Ethics Officer, the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer or their designee may permit a sale in the portfolio manager’s personal account without obtaining written approval from the Chief Investment Officer and Code of Ethics Officer, if the portfolio manager (but not the Director of Global Equity Research, who is not eligible for this exception) does not actually manage the sleeves of the funds or portfolios, but rather is a named portfolio manager for the overall fund(s), and if the portfolio manager does not have any actual knowledge of day-to-day trade activities and upcoming changes in ratings of securities in the sleeves of the funds or portfolios.

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3.5. No Personal Benefit (Portfolio Managers and Analysts)

No portfolio manager shall cause, and no analyst shall recommend, an action that would cause a Putnam client to take action for the portfolio manager’s or analyst’s own personal benefit. A portfolio manager who trades in, or an analyst who recommends, particular securities for a Putnam client account in order to support the price of securities in his personal account, or who “front runs” a Putnam client order, is in violation of this Rule.

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Section 4 — Reporting Requirements

4.1. Brokerage/Securities Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

All employees (on their own behalf and on behalf of their Immediate Family members (see Definitions)) are required to report the existence of any accounts that have the capability of purchasing any securities. This Rule includes all brokerage accounts, accounts held directly at an issuer’s transfer agent, and securities held in physical certificate form by an employee or any Immediate Family member of the employee. The only investment accounts excluded from this rule are accounts that are only permitted to hold open-end mutual funds (other than Putnam open-end funds) and no other investments, and TreasuryDirect accounts, which can only purchase Treasury securities.

To satisfy this requirement, a new employee must complete the Code of Ethics and Broker Account Certification, and Access Persons must also complete Initial Holdings Certification in the Code of Ethics PTA system, and supply the Code of Ethics Department with a copy of the most recent statement for each account, within the required time frame below:

• Access Persons — within 10 days of hire

• Non-access Persons — within 30 days of hire

Existing employees opening a new account (including accounts being opened for Immediate Family members) must disclose them to the Code of Ethics Department prior to opening, or immediately after opening, the account in advance of the first personal securities transaction in the account. All employees will be required to certify annually that all accounts requiring disclosure are accurately listed in the Code of Ethics PTA system.

4.2. Separate Provisions for Brokerage/Securities Accounts That Are Professionally Managed (Discretionary) Accounts — Initial and Annual Requirements

If you wish to establish a professionally managed or discretionary account (including professionally managed or discretionary accounts being opened for Immediate Family members), where you completely turn over decision-making authority to a professional money manager who is not subject to this Code and you have no direct or indirect influence or control over the discretionary account, you must disclose the existence of the account and receive approval from the Code of Ethics staff in advance of the first personal securities transaction (new employees have 30 days to obtain the appropriate approval). You do not need to pre-clear or report securities transactions in these accounts. Please note that a discretionary account may not purchase an IPO or hold Putnam open-end mutual funds. The broker or advisor maintaining discretion over the account must be an independent third party, not affiliated with or related to a family member of the Putnam employee in any way.

In order for the account to be considered discretionary, the employee must:

1. Complete an initial certification in which both the employee and the broker/advisor certify that the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account;

2. Complete an annual certification in which the employee certifies that the Putnam employee or Immediate Family member does not participate in investment decisions on the account, and does not have direct or indirect influence or control over theaccount;

3. Respond, and arrange for the employee’s broker/advisor to respond, to such inquiries as deemed advisable by the Code of Ethics staff in their assessment of whether the account is discretionary; and

4. Ensure that copies of broker statements are delivered to Putnam investments.

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4.3. Account Confirmations and Statements

All employees are required to ensure that copies of all confirmations and statements are delivered to Putnam for all accounts described in Section 4.1, and to ensure that copies of all statements (but not confirmations) are delivered to Putnam for all discretionary accounts described in Section 4.2. When the employee discloses the account as required, the Code of Ethics staff will issue a 407 letter, or other communication to the entity where the employee’s account is held, requesting that confirmations and statements be sent to Putnam on the employee’s behalf. However, it is ultimately the employee’s responsibility to ensure that his or her broker has complied with this request. Employees in non-U.S. offices may be subject to different requirements with respect to the frequency of providing account confirmations and statements. Any such different requirements will be communicated to the employees by the Code of Ethics staff.

If it is discovered that these reports are not being delivered to Putnam, the Code of Ethics staff will bring this issue to the employee’s attention and request he or she assist in rectifying the issue. If it is determined that a broker has failed to comply with requests to deliver these reports, Putnam reserves the right to require the employee to close the account within 30 days by transferring the account to another dealer willing to comply with this requirement (any trades as a result of a transfer must be pre-cleared). In cases where Putnam has an electronic reporting relationship established with a firm, Putnam may rely on this electronic reporting for monitoring and record keeping in lieu of receiving trade confirmations and statements via mail.

4.4. Approved Brokers — U.S. Employees Only

U.S. employees of Putnam are required to hold each of their personal accounts (including any retirement, pension, deferred compensation, or similar accounts) at a Putnam-approved broker that provides Putnam with an electronic broker feed. The list of approved brokers is posted to the Putnam Compliance intranet homepage and the Code of Ethics PTA system. In limited circumstances, employees may be allowed to hold personal accounts at a non-Putnam-approved broker (examples include retirement accounts at current employers of Immediate Family members and accounts that cannot legally be transferred to Putnam-approved brokers). In such a case, the employee must notify the Code of Ethics Officer in writing and provide the reason why the account cannot be transferred to a Putnam-approved broker or why the employee otherwise requests an exception be granted by the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. In the event an exception is granted, the employee must arrange for trade confirmations and account statements (quarterly) to be sent to the Code of Ethics staff.

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Section 5 — Additional Reporting, Certification, and Training Requirements

5.1. Initial/Annual Holdings Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify their securities holdings, including all holdings for Immediate Family member accounts, within 10 days of hire (or within 10 days of becoming an Access Person) and then on an annual basis thereafter (within 45 days after the end of the year). The report of securities holdings must include all securities that require pre-clearance under Section 1.1, as well as holdings in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, and holdings of Putnam open-end U.S. mutual funds not held through a Putnam account and U.S. registered mutual funds to which Putnam acts as advisor or sub-advisor (see Section 4). Each of the initial and annual holdings reports must contain the following information:

Initial holdings report:

• The title, number of shares, and principal amount of each security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became an Access Person,

• The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities could be held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and

• The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

Annual holdings report:

• The title, number of shares, and principal amount of each security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership,

• The name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities could be held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person; and

• The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person.

5.2. Quarterly Transaction Report — Access Persons Only

Access Persons must disclose and certify all of their personal securities transactions, including transactions for Immediate Family member accounts, within 20 calendar days following the end of each quarter. If the 20th of a month after the end of a quarter falls on a holiday or weekend, the Code of Ethics Officer may extend the deadline. In addition to the securities requiring pre-clearance under Section 1.1, Access Persons are also required to disclose and certify all personal transactions in non-U.S. sovereign government debt, as well as ETFs, ETNs, ETCs, options, futures, and other derivative securities, and not just those requiring pre-clearance. The quarterly transaction report must contain the following information:

• The date of the transaction, the title, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares, and the principal amount of each transaction involved,

• The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale, or any other type of acquisition or disposition),

• The price of the security at which the transaction was effected,

• The name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through which the transaction was effected, and

• The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person

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5.3. Annual Certification — AllEmployees

Each calendar year, all employees will be required to certify that they have reviewed and understand the rules and requirements of the Code and that the list of brokerage accounts (for the employee and all Immediate Family members) disclosed in the Code of Ethics PTA system is accurate. An email notification will be sent informing employees of their requirement and the due date.

5.4. Training Requirements — All Employees

As deemed necessary by the Code of Ethics staff, employees will be required to complete training on Putnam’s Code of Ethics. Email notifications will be sent notifying employees of the requirements and the due date.

5.5. Maintenance and Distribution of the Code of Ethics

When revisions are made to the Code of Ethics, all employees will receive a revised version of the Code. The Code will be available to all employees on Putnam’s intranet site. Hard copies may be requested by contacting the Code of Ethics staff.

5.6. Procedures andTimeliness

Most certifications and reports required by the Code are completed in the Code of Ethics PTA system. There are strict deadlines for these filings. Planned absences, vacations, and business trips are not valid excuses for failing to meet a deadline. Employees will receive instructions regarding these submissions and the due dates. Please contact the Code of Ethics staff for assistance.

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Section 6 — General Ethics Rules for All Employees

Putnam employees are expected to act ethically at all times in connection with their employment. In addition to complying with the specific provisions of this section, employees should contact the Code of Ethics staff or the Ombudsman if they are not sure how to proceed in any circumstances involving ethical issues or questions.

6.1. Conflicts of Interest

Your obligation to act ethically at all times includes the ethical handling of actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest between personal and business affairs. Please note that when this Section 6.1 refers to a “conflict of interest,” it is referring to actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest may arise in various circumstances, some of which are covered in the specific situations set forth in the other portions of this Section 6. However, it is not possible to set forth each specific situation under which a conflict of interest may arise.

A conflict of interest arises when a person’s personal affairs interfere with the interests of Putnam or Putnam’s clients. A conflict of interest can also arise when an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family takes an action or has an interest that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may arise when an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family receives or grants improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position or in the event that an employee or a member of his or her Immediate Family enters into transactions or agreements with any entity or person with whom Putnam has a business or financial relationship. Putnam employees must recognize (including through their personal trading and conduct) that the firm’s clients always come first, that the employees and the firm must avoid any actual or potential abuse of our positions of trust and responsibility, and that the employees and the firm must never take inappropriate advantage of our positions.

Given that actual, apparent, and potential conflicts of interest may often not be clear-cut, if you have any question or doubt whatsoever, you should consult the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer prior to engaging in the activity in question. Any employee who becomes aware of a conflict, potential conflict, or the appearance of a conflict is strongly encouraged to bring it to the attention of the Code of Ethics Officer or Deputy Code of Ethics Officer.

6.2. Outside Business Activities

No Putnam employee shall serve as employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner of a corporation or entity other than Putnam, without prior written approval of the Code of Ethics Officer, who may also confirm that the employee’s manager has approved such outside position. Requests for a role at a publicly traded company are especially disfavored and are closely reviewed. Permission will be granted only in extenuating circumstances.

All employees must provide a written request seeking approval from the Code of Ethics Officer by entering the details of the proposed position in the Code of Ethics PTA system. Employees may not engage in any outside employment activity until they receive an email approving their request. Employees hired at Putnam with an outside position must disclose the position upon hire in the system and may be required to resign such position if the position presents conflicts of interest or otherissues.

FINRA-licensed employees under PRM also have an obligation to disclose outside positions to, and receive approval from, the PRM Compliance Department. Employees must also keep this information accurate by updating their profile in the Code of Ethics system and updating the PRM Compliance Department if they change or terminate a position previously approved.

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6.3. Charitable or Non-profit Roles/Role as Trustee or Fiduciary Outside Putnam Investments

6.3(a) An employee may serve as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee of a charitable or not-for-profit institution, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics do not apply to the trading activities of such charitable or not-for-profit institutions for which an employee serves as a volunteer, officer, director, or trustee unless the employee has discretion for the account. You must contact the Code of Ethics staff if you are asked to serve in a role in which you may have discretion, investment, or financial authority for a charitable or not-for-profit institution to discuss whether such position is permissible and whether you must perform any additional actions prior to serving in such role.

6.3(b) Except as stated below, no Putnam employee shall serve as a trustee, an executor, a custodian, or any other fiduciary, or as an investment advisor or a counselor for any account outside Putnam. Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a religious or charitable trust or foundation, provided that the employee abides by the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity for which she has any discretion or input. The pre-clearance and reporting requirements of the Code of Ethics apply to the trading activities of such a religious or charitable trust or foundation if the employee has discretion for the account.

6.3(c) Family Trust or Estate Exception

Putnam employees may serve as a fiduciary with respect to a family trust or estate, as long as the employee abides by all of the Rules of the Code of Ethics with respect to any investment activity over which he has any discretion.

6.4. FamilyMembers’ Conflict Policy

No employee or member of an employee’s Immediate Family shall have any direct or indirect personal financial interests in companies that do business with Putnam, unless such interest is disclosed and approved by the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.4(a) Corporate Purchase of Goods and Services

Putnam will not acquire goods and services from any firm in which a member of an employee’s Immediate Family serves as a sales representative or in a senior management capacity, or has an ownership interest (excluding normal investment holdings in public companies), unless permission is obtained from the Chief Financial Officer and the Code of Ethics Officer. Any employee who is aware of a proposal to purchase goods and services from a firm with which a member of the employee’s Immediate Family has one of these associations must notify the Chief Financial Officer and the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.4(b) Portfolio Trading

Putnam will not allocate any client trades to any firm that employs a member of an employee’s Immediate Family as a sales representative to Putnam (in a primary, secondary, or backup role). Any Putnam employee who is aware that an Immediate Family member serves as a broker-dealer’s sales representative to Putnam should inform the Code of Ethics Officer.

6.4(c) Definition of Immediate Family (specific to this rule)

“Immediate Family” of an employee means (1) spouse, fiancé(e), or domestic partner of the employee, (2) any child, sibling, or parent of an employee and any person married to a child, sibling, or parent of an employee, and (3) any other person who lives in the same household as the employee.

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6.5. CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct

All members of the Investment Division and any other CFA institute Members or Candidates must follow and abide by the spirit of the Code of Ethics and the Standards of Professional Conduct of the CFA Institute (see the Appendix for a copy). The text of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct can be found on the Putnam Compliance Department intranet home page, which is accessible from the Putnam intranet home page. The terms of Putnam’s Code of Ethics shall govern in any case where there is a conflict between the terms of this Code and the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Please contact the Code of Ethics Officer with any questions.

6.6. Business Ethics, Ombudsman, andHotlines

6.6(a) If a Putnam employee suspects that fraudulent, illegal, or other irregular activity (including violations of the Code of Ethics) might be occurring at Putnam, the activity should be reported immediately to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer, or Code of Ethics Officer through the Ombudsman or hotlines described below or through Putnam’s Human Resources department.

6.6(b) Putnam has established the office of the corporate ombudsman as a resource to help employees address legal or ethical issues in the workplace and to allow employees to voice concerns or seek clarity on issues. The Ombudsman provides a confidential, independent, and impartial source to employees to discuss potential violations of law or of company standards without fear of retribution, and serves as a neutral party with no vested interest in a particular outcome.

6.6(c) An employee who does not feel comfortable reporting activity in the manner described in 6.6(a) may instead contact any of the following on an anonymous basis:

• The Putnam Ethics hotline at 1-888-475-4210,

• The Putnam Funds Trustees’ hotline at 1-866-858-4155, or

• Putnam’s Ombudsman at 1-866-ombuds7 (866-662-8377).

6.6(d) Employees will not be retaliated against for reporting information in good faith and in accordance with this Code. Putnam will not terminate employment, demote, transfer to an undesirable assignment, or otherwise discriminate against or harass an employee for calling attention to suspected unethical or illegal acts. It is a violation of this Code to intimidate or impose any other form of retaliation on an employee who reports any actual or suspected illegal or unethical conduct. Putnam takes claims of retaliation very seriously and will promptly investigate allegations of retaliation, subjecting anyone found responsible for retaliating against an employee who reported unethical or illegal conduct to disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment. However, an employee who knowingly makes a false report may be subject to discipline.

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Section 7 — Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

7.1. Material, Non-Public Information and Insider Trading

Antifraud provisions of the U.S. securities laws as well as the laws of other countries generally prohibit persons who possess material, non-public information from trading on or communicating that information to others. Putnam’s policy calls for strict compliance with such laws. Unlawful trading while in possession of material, non-public information is a very serious matter and can be a crime punishable by imprisonment. There is also significant monetary liability for an inside trader, which can include liability to private plaintiffs and/or the Securities and Exchange Commission, which can seek a court order requiring a violator to pay back profits, as well as penalties substantially greater than those profits. In certain cases, controlling persons of inside traders, including supervisors of inside traders or Putnam itself, can be liable for penalties.

Employees found to have conducted this activity will be immediately referred to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee or Putnam’s Chief Executive Officer to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination.

While employees in the Investment Division are most likely to come into contact with material, non-public information, the rules (and sanctions) in this area apply to all Putnam employees (see Section 7.2 for information on what to do if you believe you may have material, non-public information).

7.2. Reporting andRestrictions

Any employee who believes he or she is (or may be) in possession of material, non-public information must immediately contact Putnam’s Chief Compliance Officer or an attorney in Putnam’s Legal Department, and provide details on the information received and the source. The employee must also take precautions to maintain the confidentiality of the information in question, and not share this information with anyone outside of Putnam’s Legal and Compliance Division. This provision does not, however, prevent any employee who suspects possible violations of law or regulation from providing such information to Putnam’s Controller, Chief Compliance Officer, or Code of Ethics Officer through the Ombudsman or hotlines or through Putnam’s Human Resources department as described in Section 6.6 or to any governmental agency or entity, or self-regulatory authority, including but not limited to the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or from making other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of state or federal law or regulation.

After reviewing the facts and circumstances, Putnam’s Chief Compliance Officer or Putnam’s Legal Department will make a determination as to whether possession of the information warrants restricting trading activity in the issuer’s securities for client accounts as well as personal securities transactions for employees.

7.3. Special Provisions Applicable to PutnamAffiliates

Any employee wishing to place a trade in the securities of Great-West Lifeco Inc., Power Financial Corporation, Power Corporation of Canada, or IGM Financial Inc. must contact the Code of Ethics Officer or the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer to request manual approval of the pre-clearance request. An employee requesting such approval must certify that he or she is not in possession of any material, non-public information regarding the company in which he or she is seeking to place a trade. The decision whether or not to grant the pre-clearance request is in the sole discretion of the Code of Ethics Officer and the Deputy Code of Ethics Officer. The Code of Ethics Officer and Deputy Code of Ethics Officer will reject any such request for pre-clearance made by members of Putnam’s Operating Committee and certain members of the Chief Financial Officer’s staff from the end of each calendar quarter to the date of announcement of Great-West Lifeco Inc.’s earnings for such quarter.

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7.4. Putnam Equity Plan, TH Lee Funds, and Putnam HedgeFunds

Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock shares owned by Putnam Investments, LLC Equity Incentive Plan (or any successor plan) shareholders are administered by the Putnam HR department; therefore, holdings of such shares do not need to be reported under this Code. In addition, the exercise of rights under the Putnam Investment, LLC Equity Incentive Plan to acquire Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock and the sale of such stock during specified window periods does not need to be pre-cleared under this Code, and such transaction does not need to be reported on the quarterly transaction report for Access Persons. However, if an employee holds Great-West Lifeco Inc. stock shares outside of the Putnam Investments, LLC Equity Incentive Plan (for example, in a brokerage account), such brokerage account and the holding must be reported under this Code.

Investments in Putnam hedge funds and in certain TH Lee private funds by employees are administered by the Putnam HR department. Therefore, employees do not need to pre-clear or report such funds under this Code.

7.5. PIL Employees

For PIL employees, certain topics are covered by the Market Abuse rules of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority. PIL employees receive information on this topic in their annual instructor-led code of ethics and compliance training.

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Section 8 — Sanctions

The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee has adopted the following minimum monetary sanctions for violations of the Code. These sanctions apply even if the exception results from inadvertence rather than intentional misbehavior. The Code of Ethics Oversight Committee will review and approve sanctions on employees. However, the sanctions noted below are only minimums, and the Committee reserves the right to impose sanctions that it believes fit the circumstances, such as higher monetary sanctions, trading bans, suspension, or termination of employment. The Committee’s belief that an employee has violated the Code of Ethics intentionally may result in more severe sanctions than outlined in the guidelines.

8.1. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 1–3

The minimum sanction per violation of the Rules in Sections 1*, 2, or 3 is disgorgement of any profits or payment of avoided losses and the following payments:

Investment Division, Operating Committee member, and any employee who reports  All other employees not included 
directly to an Operating Committee member (administrative assistants will be excluded  in the criteria for inclusion in the 
from the higher sanction schedule)  higher sanction schedule 

1st violation  $250  $50 

2nd violation  $500  $100 

3rd violation  Minimum monetary sanction for a 2nd violation with a ban on all new personal securities transactions for time period 
  determined by the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee   

*Sanctions for trades that occur after an employee is denied pre-clearance may be higher.

8.2. Sanctions for Violations of Sections 4–6

The minimum sanction for violations of the rules in Sections 4–6 is as follows:

Investment Division, Operating Committee member, and any employee who reports  All other employees not included 
directly to an Operating Committee member (administrative assistants will be excluded  in the criteria for inclusion in the 
from the higher sanction schedule)  higher sanction schedule 

1st violation  Warning  Warning 

2nd violation  $50  $25 

3rd violation  $100  $50 

8.3. Sanctions for Violations of Section 7

All violations concerning the use of material, non-public information, failure to report inside information, or insider trading will be presented to the Code of Ethics Oversight Committee to determine the appropriate sanction, up to and including termination. Severe criminal penalties may also be imposed.

The reference period for determining generally whether a violation is initial or subsequent will be three years.

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Section 9 — Procedures for Determinations and Exemptions

No perceived ambiguity in the Code of Ethics shall excuse any violation. Any employee who has a question concerning the applicability of the Code or believes the Code to be ambiguous in a particular situation should request a determination from the Code of Ethics Officer in advance of the conduct. Employees may also request an exemption from the Code of Ethics if they do so in advance of the conduct or transaction sought to be exempted.

Any employee seeking a determination or exemption shall provide the Code of Ethics Officer with such information as the Code of Ethics Officer deems necessary to render the determination or make a decision on the exemption.

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Appendix

CFA INSTITUTE CODE OF ETHICS AND STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

PREAMBLE

The CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct are fundamental to the values of CFA Institute and essential to achieving its mission to lead the investment profession globally by promoting the highest standards of ethics, education, and professional excellence for the ultimate benefit of society. High ethical standards are critical to maintaining the public’s trust in financial markets and in the investment profession. Since their creation in the 1960s, the Code and Standards have promoted the integrity of CFA Institute members and served as a model for measuring the ethics of investment professionals globally, regardless of job function, cultural differences, or local laws and regulations. All CFA Institute members (including holders of the Chartered Financial Analyst ® [CFA ® ] designation) and CFA candidates must abide by the Code and Standards and are encouraged to notify their employer of this responsibility. Violations may result in disciplinary sanctions by CFA Institute. Sanctions can include revocation of membership, revocation of candidacy in the CFA Program, and revocation of the right to use the CFA designation.

THE CODE OF ETHICS

Members of CFA Institute (including CFA charterholders) and candidates for the CFA designation (“Members and Candidates”) must:

• Act with integrity, competence, diligence, respect and in an ethical manner with the public, clients, prospective clients, employers, employees, colleagues in the investment profession, and other participants in the global capital markets.

• Place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above their own personal interests.

• Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions, and engaging in other professional activities.

Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on themselves and the profession.

Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets for the ultimate benefit of society.

Maintain and improve their professional competence and strive to maintain and improve the competence of other investment professionals.

STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

I. PROFESSIONALISM

A. Knowledge of the Law. Members and Candidates must under-stand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct) of any government, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing their professional activities. In the event of conflict, Members and Candidates must comply with the more strict law, rule, or regulation. Members and Candidates must not knowingly participate or assist in and must dissociate from any violation of such laws, rules, or regulations.

B. Independence and Objectivity. Members and Candidates must use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in their professional activities. Members and Candidates must not offer, solicit, or accept any gift, benefit, compensation, or consideration that reasonably could be expected to compromise their own or another’s independence and objectivity.

C. Misrepresentation. Members and Candidates must not knowingly make any misrepresentations relating to investment analysis, recommendations, actions, or other professional activities.

D. Misconduct. Members and Candidates must not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, or deceit or commit any act that reflects adversely on their professional reputation, integrity, or competence.

II. INTEGRITY OF CAPITAL MARKETS

A. Material Nonpublic Information. Members and Candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information.

B. Market Manipulation. Members and Candidates must not engage in practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume with the intent to mislead market participants.

III. DUTIES TO CLIENTS

A. Loyalty, Prudence, and Care. Members and Candidates have a duty of loyalty to their clients and must act with reasonable care and exercise prudent judgment. Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their clients and place their clients’ interests before their employer’s or their own interests.

B. Fair Dealing. Members and Candidates must deal fairly and objectively with all clients when providing investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment action, or engaging in other professional activities.

C. Suitability.

1. When Members and Candidates are in an advisory relationship with a client, they must:

a. Make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s or prospective client’s investment experience, risk and return objectives, and financial constraints prior to making any investment recommendation or taking investment action and must reassess and update this information regularly.

b. Determine that an investment is suitable to the client’s financial situation and consistent with the client’s written objectives, mandates, and constraints before making an investment recommendation or taking investment action.



c. Judge the suitability of investments in the context of the client’s total portfolio.

2. When Members and Candidates are responsible for managing a portfolio to a specific mandate, strategy, or style, they must make only investment recommendations or take only investment actions that are consistent with the stated objectives and constraints of the portfolio.

D. Performance Presentation. When communicating investment performance information, Members and Candidates must make reasonable efforts to ensure that it is fair, accurate, and complete.

E. Preservation of Confidentiality. Members and Candidates must keep information about current, former, and prospective clients confidential unless:

1. The information concerns illegal activities on the part of the client or prospective client,

2. Disclosure is required by law, or

3. The client or prospective client permits disclosure of the information.

IV. DUTIES TO EMPLOYERS

A. Loyalty. In matters related to their employment, Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive their employer of the advantage of their skills and abilities, divulge confidential information, or otherwise cause harm to their employer.

B. Additional Compensation Arrangements. Members and Candidates must not accept gifts, benefits, compensation, or consideration that competes with or might reasonably be expected to create a conflict of interest with their employer’s interest unless they obtain written consent from all parties involved.

C. Responsibilities of Supervisors. Members and Candidates must make reasonable efforts to ensure that anyone subject to their supervision or authority complies with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and the Code and Standards.

V. INVESTMENT ANALYSIS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND ACTIONS

A. Diligence and Reasonable Basis. Members and Candidates must:

1. Exercise diligence, independence, and thoroughness in analyzing investments, making investment recommendations, and taking investment actions.

2. Have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for any investment analysis, recommendation, or action.

B. Communication with Clients and Prospective Clients. Members and Candidates must:

1. Disclose to clients and prospective clients the basic format and general principles of the investment processes they use to analyze investments, select securities, and construct port-folios and must promptly disclose any changes that might materially affect those processes.

2. Disclose to clients and prospective clients significant limitations and risks associated with the investment process.

3. Use reasonable judgment in identifying which factors are important to their investment analyses, recommendations, or actions and include those factors in communications with clients and prospective clients.

4. Distinguish between fact and opinion in the presentation of investment analysis and recommendations.

C. Record Retention. Members and Candidates must develop and maintain appropriate records to support their investment analyses, recommendations, actions, and other investment-related communications with clients and prospective clients.

VI. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

A. Disclosure of Conflicts. Members and Candidates must make full and fair disclosure of all matters that could reasonably be expected to impair their independence and objectivity or interfere with respective duties to their clients, prospective clients, and employer. Members and Candidates must ensure that such disclosures are prominent, are delivered in plain language, and communicate the relevant information effectively.

B. Priority of Transactions. Investment transactions for clients and employers must have priority over investment transactions in which a Member or Candidate is the beneficial owner.

C. Referral Fees. Members and Candidates must disclose to their employer, clients, and prospective clients, as appropriate, any compensation, consideration, or benefit received from or paid to others for the recommendation of products or services.

VII. RESPONSIBILITIES AS A CFA INSTITUTE MEMBER OR CFA CANDIDATE

A. Conduct as Participants in CFA Institute Programs. Members and Candidates must not engage in any conduct that compromises the reputation or integrity of CFA Institute or the CFA designation or the integrity, validity, or security of the CFA Institute programs.

B. Reference to CFA Institute, the CFA Designation, and the CFA Program. When referring to CFA Institute, CFA Institute membership, the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA Program, Members and Candidates must not misrepresent or exaggerate the meaning or implications of membership in CFA Institute, holding the CFA designation, or candidacy in the CFA program.



© 2014 CFA Institute  www.cfainstitute.org 
Putnam Investments | One Post Office Square | Boston, MA 02109 | putnam.com  301951 7/16 

 


THE PUTNAM FUNDS
Code of Ethics

 

Each of The Putnam Funds (the “Funds”) has determined to adopt this Code of Ethics with respect to certain activities by officers and Trustees of the Funds which might be deemed to create possible conflicts of interest and to establish reporting requirements and enforcement procedures with respect to such activities.

I. Rules Applicable to Officers and Trustees Affiliated with Putnam Investments Trust or Its Subsidiaries

A. Incorporation of Adviser’s Code of Ethics. The provisions of the Code of Ethics for employees of Putnam Investments Trust and its subsidiaries (the “Putnam Investments Code of Ethics”), which is attached as Appendix A hereto, are hereby incorporated herein as the Funds’ Code of Ethics applicable to officers and Trustees of the Funds who are employees of the Funds or officers, directors or employees of Putnam Investments Trust or its subsidiaries. A violation of the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall constitute a violation of the Funds’ Code.

B. Reports . Officers and Trustees of each of the Funds who are made subject to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall file the reports required by the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics with the Code of Ethics Officer designated therein. A report filed with the Code of Ethics Officer shall be deemed to be filed with each of the Funds of which the reporting individual is an officer or Trustee.

C. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Code of Ethics Officer shall cause the reported personal securities transactions to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of each of the Funds to determine whether a violation of this Code may have occurred. Before making any determination that a violation has been committed by any person, the Code of Ethics Officer shall give such person an opportunity to supply additional explanatory material.

(2) If the Code of Ethics Officer determines that a violation of any provision of this Code has or may have occurred, he shall submit his written determination, together with any additional explanatory material, to the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee of the Funds at its next meeting when Code of Ethics matters are discussed.

D. Sanctions . In addition to reporting violations of this Code to the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee of the Funds as provided in Section I-C(2), the Code of Ethics Officer shall also report to such Committee any sanctions imposed with respect to such violations.



II. Rules Applicable to Unaffiliated Trustees

A. Definitions.

(1) “Beneficial ownership” shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be in determining whether a person is subject to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

(2) “Control” means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company.

(3) “Covered Person” means an affiliated person of the Fund, who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

(4) “Interested Trustee” means a Trustee of a Fund who is an “interested person” of the Fund within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

(5) “Purchase or sale of a security” includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.

(6) “Security” shall have the same meaning as that set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act (in effect, all securities) except that it shall not include securities issued by the Government of the United States or an agency thereof, bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high-quality short-term debt investments, including repurchase agreements, and shares of registered open-end investment companies, but shall include any security convertible into or exchangeable for a security.

(7) “Security Held or to be Acquired by a Fund” means: (i) any security, as defined herein, which, within the most recent 15 days: (A) is or has been held by the Fund, or (B) is being or has been considered by the Fund or Putnam Investments for purchase by the Fund, and (ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a security described in (i) above.

(8) “Unaffiliated Trustee” means a Trustee who is not made subject to the Putnam Investments Code of Ethics pursuant to Part I hereof.

B. Prohibited Actions. No Covered Person, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Covered Person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund, shall:

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(1) Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Fund;

(2) Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Fund or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made to the Fund, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

(3) Engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit on the Fund; or

(4) Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Fund.

C. Reporting.

(1) Every Unaffiliated Trustee of a Fund shall file with the Funds’ Compliance Liaison a report containing the information described in Section II-C(2) of this Code with respect to purchases or sales of any security in which such Unaffiliated Trustee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, if such Trustee, at the time of that transaction, knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a Trustee of the Fund, should have known that, during the 15-day period immediately preceding or after the date of the transaction by the Trustee:

(a) such security was or is to be purchased or sold by the Fund or

(b) such security was or is being considered for purchase or sale by the Fund;

provided, however, that an Unaffiliated Trustee shall not be required to make a report with respect to transactions effected for any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control.

(2) Every report shall be made not later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected, and shall contain the following information:

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(a) The date of the transaction, the title, the number of shares, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount of each security involved;

(b) The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);

(c) The price at which the transaction was effected;

(d) The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected; and

(e) The date that the report is submitted by each Unaffiliated Trustee.

(3) Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security to which the report relates.

(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, an Unaffiliated Trustee who is an “interested person” of the Funds shall file the reports required by Rule 17j-1(d)(1) under the Investment Company Act with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments. Such reports shall be reviewed by such Officer as provided in Section I-C(1) and any related violations shall be reported by him to the Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee as provided in Section I-C(2).

D. Review and Reporting.

(1) The Compliance Liaison of the Funds, in consultation with the Code of Ethics Officer of Putnam Investments, shall cause the reported personal securities transactions that he receives pursuant to Section II-C(1) to be compared with completed and contemplated portfolio transactions of the Funds to determine whether any prohibited action listed in Section II-B may have occurred.

(2) Before making any determination that a violation of this Code has occurred, the Compliance Liaison shall give the person involved an opportunity to supply additional information regarding the transaction in question.

E. Sanctions. If the Compliance Liaison determines that a violation of this Code has occurred, he shall so advise the Funds’ Audit, Compliance and Distributions Committee, and provide the Committee with a report of the matter, including any additional information supplied by such person. The Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

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III. Miscellaneous

A. Amendments to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics. Any amendment to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics shall be deemed an amendment to Section 1-A of this Code effective 30 days after written notice of such amendment shall have been received by the Chairman of the Funds, unless the Trustees of the Funds expressly determine that such amendment shall become effective at an earlier or later date or shall not be adopted.

B. Records. The Funds shall maintain records in the manner and to the extent set forth below, which records may be maintained on microfilm under the conditions described in Rule 31a-2(f)(1) under the Investment Company Act and shall be available for examination by representatives of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(1) A copy of this Code and any other code which is, or at any time within the past five years has been, in effect shall be preserved in an easily accessible place;

(2) A record of any violation of this Code and of any action taken as a result of such violation shall be preserved in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurs;

(3) A copy of each report made by an officer or Trustee pursuant to this Code shall be preserved for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first two years in an easily accessible place;

(4) A list of all persons who are, or within the past five years have been, required to make reports pursuant to this Code shall be maintained in an easily accessible place; and

(5) To the extent any record required to be kept by this section is also required to be kept by Putnam Investments pursuant to the Putnam Investments’ Code of Ethics, Putnam Investments shall maintain such record on behalf of the Funds as well.

C. Confidentiality. All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed with any Fund pursuant to this Code shall be treated as confidential, but are subject to review as provided herein and by personnel of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

D. Interpretation of Provisions. The Trustees may from time to time adopt such interpretations of this Code as they deem appropriate.

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E. Delegation by Chairman. The Chairman of the Funds may from time to time delegate any or all of his or her responsibilities under this Code, either generally or as to specific instances, to such officer or Trustee of the Funds as he or she may designate.

As revised June 24, 2016.

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